,LETT]S WRITT5 9 #a#i#b#e-,APRIL #aibg 9 ,*>LE/[N ,/ATE ,PRISON 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B>TOLOMEO ,VANZETTI 

,TAGS 3 SACCO & VANZETTI1 *>LE/[N PRISON1 COMRADE BLACKWELL1 GOV FULL]1 JUDGE GRANT1 GOV]NOR1 HOPE1 TRIAL1 VANZETTI1 BELTR&O4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,LUCA ,RUSSO1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,SELECT$ ,LETT]S ( ,VANZETTI FROM ! ,*>LE/[N 
,/ATE ,PRISON1 

#aibe ?R\< ,APRIL #aibg 

,NOVEMB] #a#c1 #a#i#b#e4  ,*>LE/[N ,PRISON 

,D,E,> ,C,O,M,R,A,D,E ,B,L,A,C,K,W,E,L,L3 

,Y\R MO/ WELCOME LETT] ( ,NOV4 #d? REA*$ ME 9 DUE TIME4  ,ITS 
NEWS AB\T Y\R HEAL? ASSUR$ ME ( Y\R RECOV]+ & ITS >GUM5TS 
R\SE MANY ?\<TS & S5TIM5TS )9 MY BE+4  ,I AM GO+ TO 
ANSW] ) AN ATTEMPT TO EXPRESS MYSELF--& ?IS WILL BE A LONG R&OM 
LETT]4 

,Y\ BLAME TO ME1 AN>*I/1 ,MISS ,H----- BECAUSE 0%E HATES POLITICS 
& NEV] VOTES40 ,WELL1 !SE FACTS CAUSE ME TO ADD MY ADMIRATION & MY 
GRATITUDE TO H]2 & ,I DON'T BELIEVE ?AT Y\ HAVE WRITT5 9 ! HOPE 
?AT ,I W\LD HAVE APPROV$ Y\R 0BLAM+10 =1 Y\ %\LD BELIEVE ?AT 
,I HAVE *ANG$ MY IDEAS1 9 ORD] TO EXPECT IT4  ,& ,I CANNOT SEE 
ANY REASON = SU* BELIEF ,I KN[ ?AT Y\ >E DO+ EV]Y?+ POSSIBLE 
TO MY WELF>E4  ,!RE=E1 ,I ?9K ?AT Y\ HAVE SAID IT PURPOSELY 
TO HAVE ME ?9K+ ( CONTROV]SIAL >GUM5TS & =GETT+ MY P]SONAL 
TR\BLES & MY 5VIRONM5T4  ,?US1 TO B5EFICIATE ME4  ,MO/ 
GOOD ( Y\4  ,BUT1 ,I WILL NOT DISCUSS AB\T Y\RS & MY DIFF]5T 
BELIEFS AB\T BALLOT1 ETC41 BECAUSE ,I HAVE MANY O!R ?+S TO TELL Y\ 
& ,I KN[ ?AT Y\ KN[ QUITE WELL ! REASONS ( MY DISBELIEF--REASONS 
ADVOCATE BY M5 SU* AS ,BAK\N91 ,KROPOTK91 ,PR\DHON1 ,MALATE/A1 ,EM]SON1 
,%ELLEY1 ,WILLIAM ,GODW91 ,RECLUS1 ,GALLEANI1 ,TOL/OY1 ,SP5C]1 &1 IT SEEMS1 
ALSO ,*RI/1 >E NAM$ = ! LOVE ( MY BEAUTIFUL AN>*Y1 NOT = VANITY 
OR WORSE ?AN ?AT1--&1 =GIVE ME4 

,N[1 SOME?+ AB\T HOPE1 HOPES & HOP+4  ,A ,DAMIANI'S P>ADOX 
SAYS3 0,!RE IS NO FAI? )\T DESP]ATION1 & NO DESP]ATION :I* 
DOES NOT HOPE TO ! LA/40 ,IT IS RI<T1 ,I BELIEVE4  ,IT IS MORE ?AN 
LOGIC1 --FATAL1 ?AT MY FRI5DS & COMRADES %ALL HOPE 9 MY FRE$OM4  
,=1 IT IS HUMAN1 & HONORS !M & PROVES TO ME !IR LOVE4  ,! 
HOPE W\LD BE ! LA/ GOODNESS1 W]E IT NOT = ! DESP]ATION4  
,\R DIFF]5CE IS A PSYCOLOGIC ONE ( P]SONS 9 DIFF]5T CONDITIONS & 
NATURES & BELIEFS1 ?US PSYCOLOGICALLY DIFF]5T4 

,TO ME1 MY LIFE & MY LIB]TY >E 9 ! H&S ( 5EMIES :O CAN DO 
:AT !Y PLEASE ( US1 BECAUSE TO GIVE OR TO D5Y US A NEW TRIAL IS ABSOLUTELY 
>BITR>Y TO !M4  ,:I*1 9 ! WORLD1 & :]E >E ! REASONS 
?AT MAKE IT REASONABLE TO EXPECT FROM !M A NEW TRIAL8  ,ALL ?AT 
C\LD HAVE BE51 OR IS1 FAVORABLE TO US1-- -9 ! S5SE TO COMPEL ! 
5EMIES TO GIVE US1 AGA9/ !IR [N WILL & WI%ES1 A NEW TRIAL1--HAS 
FAIL$ OR IS FAIL+4  ,SO ?AT SU* HOPE IS CONTR>Y TO ALL REASON1 
KN[L$GE1 REALITIES1 FACTS1 EXP]I5CES1 CRIT]IA & LOGIC4  ,! 
HOPE ( ! DOOM$4  ,\R 5EMIES KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT BY ANO!R TRIAL 
WE W\LD BE FREE1 & ?IS IS ! REASON :Y !Y WILL =GET IT2 SAVE 
?AT !Y WANT TO FREE US4  ,I HAVE HOPES--BUT ,I HOPE 9 ME & 9 
O!RS4 

,YES1 ,I AM DISAPPO9T$ ALREADY1 )\T HAV+ TO WAIT = FUR!R 
DAMAGES & (F5SES4  ,H[ C\LD ,I NOT BE DISAPPO9T$8  ,I %\LD 
BE 9SANE & VANQUI%$1 :ILE ,I HAVE ! S\L ( A W9N]4  ,PEOPLE 
HAVE TAK5 ! BREAD \T ( !IR *ILDR5 S M\?S TO HELP US4  ,MANY 
HAVE D$ICAT$ ALL !IR 5]GY TO ! CASE2 O!R PRISON]S W]E WRONG$2 
! SAME GREAT CAUSE HAS SUFF]$ BECAUSE ( US2 WE >E *A9$1 ALL \R 
BELOV$ 9 SORR[2 ! CASE IS LO/4  ,WE DID NOT COME TO BE VANQUI%$ 
BUT TO W91 TO DE/ROY A WORLD ( CRIMES & MIS]IES & TO RE--BUILD 
) ITS FRE$ ATOMS A NEW WORLD4  ,I AM DISAPPO9T$1 BUT NOT CRU%$4  
,I HAVE NOT BECOME A RAT OR A R5EGADE4  ,& ,I CAN C>RY MY BURD5 
TO ! LA/1 & ONLY ?AT C\NTS4 

,A GOOD COMMUNI/ GIRL WROTE ME FROM ,MILWAUKEE3 0,WE >E CELEBRAT+ ! 
#g? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & Y\ TOO1 ,I BELIEVE40  
,H[ CAN ,I SAY TO H] ?AT AT ! V]Y ?\<T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y'S 
FAILURE ALL ! SORES ( MY HE>T OP5 !MSELVES1 & ALL ! ANGUI% 
( MY S\L >ISES8  ,)\T HURT+1 OR MAYBE1 (F5D+ H]8  
,AH1 MY PASSION = ! TRU?6  ,:AT A CROSS4  ,YET1 ,I AM GLAD 
( IT1 & ,I C>RY IT ) A /RONG HE>T4  ,I ADORE FRE$OM1 IT IS 
MY DIV9ITY1 & ! TRU? IS ITS >*ANGEL ( LIB]ATION4444 

.<,COMRADE ,BLACKWELL REF]S TO ,ALICE ,/ONE ,BLACKWELL1 A SUPPORT] ( 
,SACCO & ,VANZETTI & A CONFIDANT ( ,VANZETTI4  ,BAK\N91 ,KROPOTK91 
,PR\DHON1 ,MALATE/A1 ,EM]SON1 ,%ELLEY1 ,WILLIAM ,GODW91 ,RECLUS1 ,GALLEANI1 
,TOL/OY1 & ,SP5C] W]E POETS1 AU?ORS1 & PHILOSOPH]S4  ,GALLEANI 
REF]S TO ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI1 ! ,AN>*I/ LEAD] TO :OM ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI 
W]E D$ICAT$4  ,DAMIANI REF]S TO ,GIGI ,DAMIANI1 ! AU?OR ( ,! 
,PROBLEM ( ,LIB]TY4.> 

  

  

,MAY #b#c1 #aibf ,*>LE/[N ,PRISON 

,D,E,> ,B,A,L,D,W,93 

,Y\R LETT] ( ,MAY #a#e? REA*$ ME LA/ EV5+1 BUT ,I HAD BE5 PREVI\SLY 
9=M$ ( Y\R OP9ION4  ,AS Y\ KN[1 ,I ACCEPT$ ! HIR+ ( A 
GOOD LAWY] TO PRES5T ! CASE TO ! ,/ATE ,SUPREME ,C\RT1 NOT BECAUSE 
,I TRU/$ 9 A FAIR & FAVORABLE DECISION1 BUT TO AVOID ! MOCK]Y & 
! DAMAGE1 AS ! CASE W\LD HAVE BE5 HAD WE ASSUM$ AN 9COMPET5T LAWY]4  
,N[ WE HAVE AT LEA/ AN 9CONTROV]TABLE HI/ORICAL DOCUM5T 9 \R SIDE4 

,I DO NOT KN[ H[ IT IS ?AT Y\ REPUTE ! ACTUAL ,MASSA*USETTS' GOV]NOR 
A LIB]AL1 CONTR>Y TO ! UNIV]SAL OP9ION & ALL HIS PUBLIC ACT4  
,WELL1 ! LIFE & ! MAN >E SO MY/]I\S1 ,I KN[ SO LITTLE ( !M1 
?AT ,I W\LD NOT WOND] ?AT A REACTION>Y MI<T BE LIB]AL 9 SOME CIRCUM/ANCES1 
OR ?AT A LIB]T>IAN MI<T BE REACTION>Y 9 SOME O!R OCCASION4  
,YET1 ,I WILL NOT LOSE A SECOND 9 CONJECTURATION1 =1 N[ & H]E1 TO 
ACT IS MORE URG5T ?AN TO PHYLOS(Y4 

,:AT IS IT ?AT Y\ W\LD ASK ! ,GOV]NOR8  ,A COMMUTATION ( ! 
S5T5CE1 OR A P>DON1 OR DEPORTATION1 OR :AT8  ,:AT DO Y\ KN[1 
EI!R DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY1 BUT POSITIVELY1 AB\T ! ,GOV]NOR'S 9T5TION 
T[>DS US8 

,IF IT IS = A COMMUTATION ( ! DEA? S5T5CE 9TO ONE ( ! IMPRISONM5T1 
!RE W\LD BE NO USE TO TALK4  ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ! LESS IS CONTA9$ 
9TO ! MORE1 :I* IS1 9 ?IS 9/ANCE1 A FI<T = FRE$OM4 

,BUT IF Y\ KN[ ?AT ! ,GOV]NOR WILL FREE US1 EV5 IF ?R\< DEPORTATION1 
!N1 ,I ASK Y\ AS ,I W\LD TO A BRO!R ( BLOOD1 FAI? & >MS1 JUMP 
TO ?IS %ORE1 OR APPO9T A P]SON ( Y\R CONFID5CE TO OBTA9 IT4  
,WE WILL ACCEPT & SP>E TO US & TO O!RS FUR!R TOIL1 SACRIFICES & 
ANGUI%4  ,IF IT IS NOT SO1 ,I WILL REMA9 = ! CONT9UATION ( ! 
LEGAL DEF5SE TO ! LA/1 ?\< ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT IT WILL BE USELESS 
& WE1 BEAT$4 4 4  ,WE WILL ASK = REV9DICATION2 WE KN[ ?AT 9 
DIGG+ \R LITTLE GRAVES1 ! REACTION UND]M9ES ITS WORLD1 & ANTICIPATES 
ITS F9AL COLLAPSE4 4 4 

,WE HAVE /ILL EVID5CES 5\< TO OBTA9 A TRIAL1 BUT ,I KN[ ?AT ALL 
IS USELESS 9 \R CASE4  ,SO1 LET US FI<T TO ! LA/2 IF WE WILL 
FALL1 ?\S&S WILL >ISE1 DET]M9$1 IMPLACABLE1 D>+ ( ! SUPREME 
AUDACITIES & ( ! EXTREME P]DICTIONS4  ,LET US FI<T6 

,PLEASE ANSW] ME AS CLE> & AS SOON AS POSSIBLE1 IF Y\ KN[ NO?+ 
POSITIVELY4  ,& ACT EV] MORE QUICKLY1 IF ! O!R HYPO!SIS IS 
! TRUE ONE4 

.<,BALDW9 REF]S TO ,ROG] ,BALDW91 ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,LIB]TIES ,UNION 
DIRECTOR4.> 

,AFT]NOON ( ,JULY #b #a#i#b#g4  ,*>LE/[N ,PRISON 

,D,E,> ,M,R,S4 ,H,5,D,],S,O,N3 

,NOT KN[+ :AT T O ?9K ( Y\R LONG SIL5CE1 ,I WOND]$ ( IT & 
?\<T MANY ?+S3 ?AT Y\ MAY HAVE BE5 UNWELL1 OR TOO BUSY1 OR ABROAD 
OR TRAVEL+ OR--OR ?AT Y\ MI<T HAVE BE5 SORRY = :AT ,I HAD SAID 
TO Y\ ( ! ,GOV]NOR4 4 4 

,I  TOO W\LD LIKE TO SEE Y\ & HAVE A GOOD CONV]SATION ) 
Y\--BUT1 BUT IT CANNOT BE = N[1 & MAYBE1 = NEV]MORE4 

,! DAY BE=E YE/]DAY ,I ASK$ MY FRI5D ,ALD9O TO S5D A TELEGRAM 
= MY FAMILY TO ,GIACOMO ,CALD]A1 Y\R 9T]PRET] AT MY HOME4  ,I 
TOLD HIM TO TELL MY SI/] ,LUIG9A1 IF %E CAN1 TO COME H]E = ,I WI% 
TO SEE H] BE=E TO DIE--S9CE FROM ALL ,I CAN UND]/& ! ,GOV4 IS DECID$ 
TO EXECUTE US4  ,I BEGG$ ,GIACOMO TO PREP>E MY ,ONES TO ! BAD NEWS 
BE=E TO GIVE IT TO !M4  ,MAYBE ,I DID WRONGLY1 BUT ,I WI% TOO MU* 
TO SEE & TALK AT LEA/ ) ,LUIG9A1 BE=E ,I DIE4 

,I SEE1 DE> ,MRS4 ,H5D]SON ?AT Y\ >E /ILL OPTIMI/ & HOPEFUL1 
GREATLY TRU/+ 9 ,GOV]NOR ,FULL]4  ,MAYBE Y\ >E RI<T & WILL 
BE RI<T--BUT = ALL ?AT ,I AM TOLD & ,I CAN UND]/& BO? ! ,GOV]NOR 
& ! ,COMMISSION DI/RU/S ALL \R WITNESSES2 TRU/S ALL ! ,GOV]NM5T'S 
P]JUR]S2 CANNOT OR WANT NOT UND]/& OR BO? ( ?AT4 

,GOV4 ,FULL] TOLD ,ROSA ?AT MY LAWY]S AT ! ,PLYM\? TRIAL WANT$ ME 
TO TAKE ! /&2 ?AT ,I REFUS$ TO TAKE IT & S5T A BOY ( #ab YE>S 
TO TALK = ME BY RECIT+ A LESSON LEAMT BY HE>T4  ,A GREATE/ WRONG 
?AN ?IS WAS NEV] DONE TO TRU? & TO AN 9NOC5T MAN AS ,I AM4  
,H[ CAN ! ,GOV]NOR NOT BELIEVE 9 ,BELTR&O & ALL MY TRU?FUL WITNESSES8  
,H[ CAN HE BELIEVE ?AT A #ab YE> OLD BOY C\LD HAVE P]JUR$ & RESI/ 
A ?REE H\RS ( CROSS-EXAM9ATION BY ,KATZMANN8--& ,KATZMANN PUT HIM ON 
! /& AGA91 = MORE ?AN AN H\R1 NEXT DAY1 & )\T W>N+4  
,IF ! ,GOV]NOR DOES NOT BELIEVE ,BELTR&O1 HE NEI!R BELIEVES ALL ! 
O!R ( MY WITNESSES4  ,H[ CAN HE BELIEVE ?AT A BOY1 A ,BELTR&O 
IS N[1 W\LD 9SI/ 9 A P]JURY8  ,IS CAPABLE ( P]JURY8  ,:Y 
!N1 ,BELTR&O TELLS N[ ( HIS POSITIV5ESS ( MY 9NOC5CE EV]Y:]E8 
ALWAYS8 TO ALL8  ,H[ CAN ! ,GOV]NOR BELIEVE 9 ! ,/ATES' P]JUR]S 
AGA9/ US1 HE :O KN[S OR %\LD KN[ ?AT !Y *ANG$ ?REE TIMES !IR 
DISPOSITIONS1 9 ORD] TO FIT !M TO ME & CONVICT ME8 

,& :AT ( ! ,COMMISSION8  ,JUDGE ,GRANT IS AGA9/ US TO DEA? 
AS HE HAS ALWAYS BE5 S9CE \R >RE/ & )\T KN[+ ! CASE4  
,WE KN[ N[ POSITIVELY ?AT ALL HE WANTS IS TO EXECUTE US4 

,ALSO ! ATTITUDE ( ! O!R TWO MEMB]S IS AGA9/ US4  ,FEW 
DAYS AGO !Y ABUSE ?REE ,ITALIAN M5 BECAUSE !Y WITNESS$ ! TRU?4  
,LATELY IT WAS F\ND \T ?AT ! ?REE M5 HAD TOLD ! TRU?--BUT AS AN 
9DICATION ( FEEL+ ! FACT REMA9S4 

 ,!SE >E ! REASONS :Y WE BEGAN \R HUNGRY /RIKE4  ,IF 
AFT] SEV5 YE>S & ?REE MON?S ( AGONY1 DUR+ :I* WE PROV$ \R 
9NOC5CE & ! 9IQUITY ( \R TRIAL & TRIAL]S1 WE HAVE TO BE MURD]$ 
9 SU* WAY AS ?IS = CRIMES ( :I* WE >E 9NOC5T--WE PREF] TO DIE 
( />VATION RA!R ?AN DIE )\T A PROTE/4  ,I WOND] IF \R 
5EMIES CAN BELIEVE ?AT WE >E WRONG4 

,WELL1 TOMORR[ AFT] HAV+ READ Y\R LETT] S5T BY ,ROSA1 ,I WILL WRITE 
SOME?+ MORE4  ,BUT :ILE ,I HAVE IT 9 M9D3 ,IF Y\ >E NOT SURE 
( ANY?+1 TRY1 YES1 IF Y\ PLEASE1 TO 5C\RAGE MY PEOPLE ) WORDS 
( =TITUDE1 BUT DON'T BE TOO OPTIMI/ ) !M1 BECAUSE IF ,I AM NOT 
WRONG & ?+S >E TURN+ TO ! WOR/1 IS BETT] TO PREP>E !M FROM 
N[ TO BE> MY LOSS1 RA!R ?AN GIVE !M HOPES :I* W\LD MAKE MORE 
T]RIBLE A FATAL NEWS4 

.<,MRS4 ,H5D]SON REF]S TO ,MRS4 ,JESSICA ,H5D]SON1 AN E>LY SUPPORT] 
( ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI :O WAS LONG CONV9C$ ( !IR 9NOC5CE4  
,BELTR&O REF]S TO ,BELTR&O ,BR9I1 A BOY :OSE FAMILY ,VANZETTI LIV$ 
) = YE>S & :O TE/IFI$ ON ,VANZETTI'S BEHALF AT ! TRIAL4  
,JUDGE ,GRANT REF]S TO ,JUDGE ,ROB]T ,GRANT1 A =M] PROBATE JUDGE :O WAS 
ON ! ADVISORY COMMITTEE ?AT ,GOV4 ,FULL] CREAT$ TO 9VE/IGATE ! ,SACCO 
& ,VANZETTI CASE4  ,KATZMANN REF]S TO ,FR$]ICK ,G4 ,KATZMANN1 ! 
PROSECUT+ ATTORNEY :O TRI$ ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI4 ,ROSA REF]S TO ,SACCO'S 
WIFE ,ROS9A4.> 

,FROM 3 UMKC4$U4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,LETT]S WRITT5 9 #a#i#b#e-,APRIL #aibg 9 ,*>LE/[N ,/ATE ,PRISON -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,LETT]S WRITT5 9 #a#i#b#e-,APRIL #aibg 9 ,*>LE/[N ,/ATE ,PRISON -- ,UPDAT$4 

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