,LAW & ,AU?ORITY 

#ahhf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TAGS 3 RESPECT = LAW1 LAW & AU?ORITY1 DEVELOPM5T ( LAW1 CRIMES & MISDEMEAN\RS1 YOKE ( LAW1 DEF5D] ( LAW1 FEUDALISM & ROYALTY1 RI* & POOR1 OBEY ! LAW1 WRITT5 LAW4 

,TEXT 3 

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,PHOTO BY ,SAM ,C>P5T]1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE 0,:5 IGNORANCE REIGNS 9 SOCIETY & DISORD] 9 ! M9DS ( M51 LAWS >E MULTIPLI$1 LEGISLATION IS EXPECT$ TO DO EV]Y?+1 & EA* FRE% LAW BE+ A FRE% MISCALCULATION1 M5 >E CONT9UALLY L$ TO DEM& =M IT :AT CAN PROCE$ ONLY FROM !MSELVES1 FROM !IR [N $UCATION & !IR [N MORALITY40 ,IT IS NO REVOLUTIONI/ :O SAYS ?IS1 NOR EV5 A RE=M]4 ,IT IS ! JURI/1 .<,JOSEPH.> ,DALLOIS1 AU?OR ( ! ,COLLECTION ( ,FR5* LAW KN[N AS @&_?#a#d#g2,REP]TOIRE DE LA ,LEGISLATION4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,& YET1 ?\< !SE L9ES W]E WRITT5 BY A MAN :O WAS HIMSELF A MAK] & ADMIR] ( LAW1 !Y P]FECTLY REPRES5T ! ABNORMAL CONDITION ( \R SOCIETY4  

 ,9 EXI/+ ,/ATES A FRE% LAW IS LOOK$ UPON AS A REM$Y = EVIL4 ,9/EAD ( !MSELVES ALT]+ :AT IS BAD1 PEOPLE BEG9 BY DEM&+ A LAW TO ALT] IT4 ,IF ! ROAD BETWE5 TWO VILLAGES IS IMPASSABLE1 ! PEASANT SAYS3 -- @&_?#a#d#g2,!RE %\LD BE A LAW AB\T P>I% ROADS4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,IF A P>K-KEEP] TAKES ADVANTAGE ( ! WANT ( SPIRIT 9 ?OSE :O FOLL[ HIM ) S]VILE OBS]VANCE & 9SULTS ONE ( !M1 ! 9SULT$ MAN SAYS3 --  @&_?#a#d#g2,!RE %\LD BE A LAW TO 5JO9 MORE POLIT5ESS UPON P>K-KEEP]S4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,IF !RE IS /AGNATION 9 AGRICULTURE OR COMM]CE1 ! HUSB&MAN1 CATTLE-BRE$]1 OR CORN SPECULATOR >GUES1 @&_?#a#d#g2,IT IS PROTECTIVE LEGISLATION ?AT WE REQUIRE4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,D[N TO ! OLD CLO!SMAN !RE IS NOT ONE :O DOES NOT DEM& A LAW TO PROTECT HIS [N LITTLE TRADE4 ,IF ! EMPLOY] L[]S WAGES OR 9CREASES ! H\RS ( LABOR1 ! POLITICIAN 9 EMBRYO EXCLAIMS1 @&_?#a#d#g2,WE MU/ HAVE A LAW TO PUT ALL ?AT TO RI<TS1@&_?#a#d#h2 9/EAD ( TELL+ ! WORK]S ?AT !RE >E O!R1 & MU* MORE EFFECTUAL MEANS ( SETTL+ !SE ?+S /RAI<T2 NAMELY1 RECOV]+ FROM ! EMPLOY] ! WEAL? ( :I* HE HAS BE5 DESPOIL+ ! WORKM5 = G5]ATIONS4 ,9 %ORT1 A LAW EV]Y:]E & = EV]Y?+6 ,A LAW AB\T FA%IONS1 A LAW AB\T MAD DOGS1 A LAW AB\T VIRTUE1 A LAW TO PUT A /OP TO ALL ! VICES & ALL ! EVILS :I* RESULT FROM HUMAN 9DOL5CE & C[>DICE4  

 ,WE >E SO P]V]T$ BY AN $UCATION :I* FROM 9FANCY SEEKS TO KILL 9 US ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT1 & TO DEVELOP ?AT ( SUBMISSION TO AU?ORITY2 WE >E SO P]V]T$ BY ?IS EXI/5CE UND] ! F]ULE ( A LAW1 :I* REGULATES EV]Y EV5T 9 LIFE -- \R BIR?1 \R $UCATION1 \R DEVELOPM5T1 \R LOVE1 \R FRI5D%IP -- ?AT1 IF ?IS /ATE ( ?+S CONT9UES1 WE %ALL LOSE ALL 9ITIATIVE1 ALL HABIT ( ?9K+ = \RSELVES4 ,\R SOCIETY SEEMS NO LONG] ABLE TO UND]/& ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO EXI/ O!RWISE ?AN UND] ! REIGN ( ,LAW1 ELABORAT$ BY A REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T & ADM9I/]$ BY A H&FUL ( RUL]S2 & EV5 :5 IT HAS GONE SO F> AS TO EMANCIPATE ITSELF FROM ! ?RALLDOM1 ITS FIR/ C>E HAD BE5 TO RECON/ITUTE IT IMM$IATELY4 @&_?#a#d#g2,! ,YE> ,I4 ( ,LIB]TY@&_?#a#d#h2 HAS NEV] LA/$ MORE ?AN A DAY1 = AFT] PROCLAIM+ IT M5 PUT !MSELVES ! V]Y NEXT MORN+ UND] ! YOKE ( ,LAW & ,AU?ORITY4  

 ,9DE$1 = SOME ?\S&S ( YE>S1 ?OSE :O GOV]N US HAVE DONE NO?+ BUT R+ ! *ANGES UPON @&_?#a#d#g2,RESPECT = LAW1 OB$I5CE TO AU?ORITY4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,?IS IS ! MORAL ATMOSPH]E 9 :I* P>5TS BR+ UP !IR *ILDR51 & S*OOL ONLY S]VES TO CONFIRM ! IMPRESSION4 ,CLEV]LY ASSORT$ SCRAPS ( SPURI\S SCI5CE >E 9CULCAT$ UPON ! *ILDR5 TO PROVE NECESSITY ( LAW2 OB$I5CE TO ! LAW IS MADE A RELIGION2 MORAL GOODNESS & ! LAW ( ! MA/]S >E FUZ$ 9TO ONE & ! SAME DIV9ITY4 ,! HI/ORICAL H]O ( ! S*OOLROOM IS ! MAN :O OBEYS ! LAW1 & DEF5DS IT AGA9/ REBELS4  

 ,LAT]1 :5 WE 5T] UPON PUBLIC LIFE1 SOCIETY & LIT]ATURE1 IMPRESS+ US DAY BY DAY & H\R BY H\R1 AS ! WAT]-DROP HOLL[S ! /ONE1 CONT9UE TO 9CULCATE ! SAME PREJUDICE4 ,BOOKS ( HI/ORY1 ( POLITICAL SCI5CE1 ( SOCIAL ECONOMY1 >E /UFF$ ) ?IS RESPECT = LAW2 EV5 ! PHYSICAL SCI5CES HAVE BE5 PRESS$ 9TO ! S]VICE BY 9TRODUC+ >TIFICIAL MODES ( EXPRESSION1 BORR[$ FROM !OLOGY & >BITR>Y P[]1 9TO KN[L$GE :I* IS PURELY ! RESULT ( OBS]VATION4 ,?US \R 9TELLIG5CE IS SUCCESSFULLY BEFOGG$1 & ALWAYS TO MA9TA9 \R RESPECT = LAW4 ,! SAME WORK IS DONE BY NEWSPAP]S4 ,!Y HAVE NOT AN >TICLE :I* DOES NOT PREA* RESPECT = LAW1 EV5 :]E ! ?IRD PAGE PROVES EV]Y DAY TO DEMON/RATE ! IMBECILITY ( ?AT LAW1 & %[S H[ IT IS DRAGG$ ?R\< EV]Y V>IETY ( MUD & FIL? BY ?OSE *>G$ ) ITS ADM9I/RATION4 ,S]VILITY BE=E ! LAW HAS BECOME A VIRTUE1 & ,I D\BT IF !RE WAS EV] EV5 A REVOLUTIONI/ :O DID NOT BEG9 9 HIS Y\? AS ! DEF5D] ( LAW AGA9/ :AT >E G5]ALLY CALL$ @&_?#a#d#g2ABUSES1@&_?#a#d#h2 AL?\< !SE LA/ >E 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CES ( ! LAW ITSELF4  

 ,>T PIPES 9 UNISON ) W\LD-BE SCI5CE4 ,! H]O ( ! SCULPTOR1 ! PA9T]1 ! MUSICIAN1 %IELDS ,LAW B5EA? HIS BUCKL]1 & ) FLA%+ EYES & DI/5D$ NO/RILS /&S EV] READY TO /RIKE D[N ! MAN :O W\LD LAY H&S UPON H]4 ,TEMPLES >E RAIS$ TO H]2 REVOLUTIONI/S !MSELVES HESITATE TO T\* ! HI< PRIE/S CONSECRAT$ TO H] S]VICE1 & :5 REVOLUTION IS AB\T TO SWEEP AWAY SOME ANCI5T 9/ITUTION1 IT IS /ILL BY LAW ?AT IT 5DEAVORS TO SANCTIFY ! DE$4  

 ,! CONFUS$ MASS ( RULES ( CONDUCT CALL$ ,LAW1 :I* HAS BE5 BEQUEA!D TO US BY SLAV]Y1 S]FDOM1 FEUDALISM1 & ROYALTY1 HAS TAK5 ! PLACE ( ?OSE /ONE MON/]S BE=E :OM HUMAN VICTIMS US$ TO BE IMMOLAT$1 & :OM SLAVI% SAVAGES D>$ NOT EV5 T\* LE/ !Y %\LD BE SLA9 BY ! ?UND]BOLTS ( HEAV54  

 ,?IS NEW WOR%IP HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$ ) ESPECIAL SUCCESS S9CE ! RISE TO SUPREME P[] ( ! MIDDLE CLASS -- S9CE ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,UND] ! ANCI5 REGIME1 M5 SPOKE LITTLE ( LAWS2 UNLESS1 9DE$1 IT W]E1 ) ,MONTESQUIEU1 ,R\SSEAU & ,VOLTAIRE1 TO OPPOSE !M TO ROYAL CAPRICE2 OB$I5CE TO ! GOOD PLEASURE ( ! K+ & HIS LACKEYS WAS COMPULSORY ON PA9 ( HANG+ OR IMPRISONM5T4 ,BUT DUR+ & AFT] ! REVOLUTIONS :5 ! LAWY]S ROSE TO P[]1 !Y DID !IR BE/ TO /R5G!N ! PR9CIPLE UPON :I* !IR ASC5DANCY DEP5D$4 ,! MIDDLE CLASS AT ONCE ACCEPT$ AS A DYKE TO DAM UP ! POPUL> TORR5T4 ,! PRIE/LY CREW HA/5$ TO SANCTIFY IT1 TO SAVE !IR B>K FROM F\ND]+ AMID ! BREAK]S4 ,F9ALLY ! PEOPLE RECEIV$ IT AS AN IMPROVEM5T UPON ! >BITR>Y AU?ORITY & VIOL5CE ( ! PA/4  

 ,TO UND]/& ?IS1 WE MU/ TRANSPORT \RSELVES 9 IMAG9ATION 9TO ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,\R HE>TS MU/ HAVE A*$ AT ! /ORY ( ! ATROCITIES COMMITT$ BY ! ALL-P[]FUL NOBLES ( ?AT TIME UPON ! M5 & WOM5 ( ! PEOPLE1 BE=E WE CAN UND]/& :AT MU/ HAVE BE5 ! MAGIC 9FLU5CE UPON ! PEASANT@&_?#a#d#f2S M9D ( ! WORDS1 @&_?#a#d#g2,EQUALITY BE=E ! LAW1 OB$I5CE TO ! LAW )\T DI/9CTION ( BIR? OR =TUNE4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,HE1 :O UNTIL !N1 HAD BE5 TREAT$ MORE CRUELLY ?AN A BEA/1 HE :O HAD NEV] HAD ANY RI<TS1 HE :O HAD NEV] OBTA9$ JU/ICE AGA9/ ! MO/ REVOLT+ ACTIONS ON ! P>T ( A NOBLE1 UNLESS 9 REV5GE HE KILL$ HIM & WAS HANG$ -- HE SAW HIMSELF RECOGNIZ$ BY ?IS MAXIM1 AT LEA/ 9 !ORY1 AT LEA/ ) REG>D TO HIS P]SONAL RI<TS1 AS ! EQUAL ( HIS LORD4 ,:ATEV] ?IS LAW MI<T BE1 IT PROMIS$ TO AFFECT LORD & PEASANT ALIKE2 IT PROCLAIM$ ! EQUALITY ( RI* & POOR BE=E ! JUDGE4 ,! PROMISE WAS A LIE1 & TO-DAY WE KN[ IT2 BUT AT ?AT P]IOD IT WAS AN ADVANCE1 A HOMAGE TO JU/ICE1 AS HYPOCRISY IS A HOMAGE R5D]$ TO TRU?4 ,?IS IS ! REASON ?AT :5 ! SAVIORS ( ! M5AC$ MIDDLE CLASS 7! ,ROBESPI]RES & ! ,DANTONS7 TOOK !IR /& UPON ! WRIT+S ( ! ,R\SSEAUS & ! ,VOLTAIRES1 & PROCLAIM$ @&_?#a#d#g2RESPECT = LAW1 ! SAME = EV]Y MAN1@&_?#a#d#h2 ! PEOPLE ACCEPT$ ! COMPROMISE2 = !IR REVOLUTION>Y IMPETUS HAD ALREADY SP5T ITS =CE 9 ! CONTE/ ) A FOE :OSE RANKS DREW CLOS] DAY BY DAY1 !Y B[$ !IR NECK B5EA? ! YOKE ( LAW TO SAVE !MSELVES FROM ! >BITR>Y P[] ( !IR LORDS4  

 ,! ,MIDDLE ,CLASS HAS EV5 S9CE CONT9U$ TO MAKE ! MO/ ( ?IS MAXIM1 :I* ) ANO!R PR9CIPLE1 ?AT ( REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 SUMS UP ! :OLE PHILOSOPHY ( ! B\RGEOIS AGE1 ! ,X,I,X C5TURY4 ,IT HAS PREA*$ ?IS DOCTR9E 9 ITS S*OOLS1 IT HAS PROPAGAT$ IT 9 ITS WRIT+S1 IT HAS MOLD$ ITS >T & SCI5CE TO ! SAME PURPOSE1 IT HAS ?RU/ ITS BELIEFS 9TO EV]Y HOLE & CORN] -- LIKE A PI\S ,5GLI%WOMAN1 :O SLIPS TRACTS UND] ! DOOR -- & IT HAS DONE ALL ?IS SO SUCCESSFULLY ?AT TO-DAY WE BEHOLD ! ISSUE 9 ! DETE/ABLE FACT1 ?AT1 AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ! SPIRIT ( TURBUL5T CRITICISM IS RE-AWAK5+1 M5 :O LONG = FRE$OM BEG9 ! ATTEMPT TO OBTA9 IT BY 5TREAT+ !IR MA/]S TO BE K9D 5\< TO PROTECT !M BY MODIFY+ ! LAWS :I* !SE MA/]S !MSELVES HAVE CREAT$6  

 ,BUT TIMES & TEMP]S >E *ANG$ S9CE A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO4 ,REBELS >E EV]Y:]E TO BE F\ND1 :O NO LONG] ) TO OBEY ! LAW )\T KN[+ :5CE IT COMES1 :AT >E ITS USES1 & :I!R >ISES ! OBLIGATION TO SUBMIT TO IT1 & ! REV]5CE ) :I* IT IS 5COMPASS$4 ,! REBELS ( \R DAY >E CRITICIZ+ ! V]Y F\NDATIONS ( ,SOCIETY1 :I* HAVE HI!RTO BE5 HELD SACR$1 & FIR/ & =EMO/ AMONG !M ?AT FETI%1 LAW4 ,JU/ = ?IS REASON ! UPHEAVAL :I* IS AT H& IS NO M]E 9SURRECTION1 IT IS A ,REVOLUTION4  

  

,LAW & ,AU?ORITY1 ,EXTRA #a ,! CRITICS ANALYZE ! S\RCES ( LAW1 & F9D !RE EI!R A GOD1 PRODUCT ( ! T]RORS ( ! SAVAGES1 & /UPID1 PALTRY & MALICI\S AS ! PRIE/S :O V\* = ITS SUP]NATURAL ORIG91 OR ELSE1 BLOOD%$1 CONQUE/ BY FIRE & SWORD4 ,!Y /UDY ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( LAW1 & 9/EAD ( P]PETUAL GR[? CORRESPOND+ TO ?AT ( ! HUMAN RACE1 !Y F9D ITS DI/9CTIVE TRAIT TO BE IMMOBILITY1 A T5D5CY TO CRY/ALLIZE :AT %\LD BE MODIFI$ & DEVELOP$ DAY BY DAY4 ,!Y ASK H[ LAW HAS BE5 MA9TA9$1 & 9 ITS S]VICE !Y SEE ! ATROCITIES ( ,BYZANT9ISM1 ! CRUELTIES ( ! ,9QUISITION1 ! TORTURES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 LIV+ FLE% TORN BY ! LA% ( ! EXECUTION]1 *A9S1 CLUBS1 AXES1 ! GLOOMY DUNGEONS ( PRISONS1 AGONY1 CURSES & TE>S4 ,9 \R [N DAYS !Y SEE1 AS BE=E1 ! AX1 ! CORD1 ! RIFLE1 ! PRISON2 ON ! ONE H&1 ! BRUTALIZ$ PRISON]1 R$UC$ TO ! CONDITION ( A CAG$ BEA/ BY ! DEBASEM5T ( HIS :OLE MORAL BE+1 & ON ! O!R H&1 ! JUDGE1 /RIPP$ ( EV]Y FEEL+ :I* DOES HONOR TO HUMAN NATURE1 LIV+ LIKE A VISION>Y 9 A WORLD ( LEGAL FICTIONS1 REVEL+ 9 ! 9FLICTION ( IMPRISONM5T & DEA?1 )\T EV5 SUSPECT+1 9 ! COLD MALIGNITY ( HIS MADNESS1 ! ABYSS ( DEGRADATION 9TO :I* HE HAS HIMSELF FALL5 BE=E ! EYES ( ?OSE :OM HE CONDEMNS4  

 ,!Y SEE A RACE ( LAW-MAK]S LEGISLAT+ )\T KN[+ :AT !IR LAWS >E AB\T2 TO-DAY VOT+ A LAW ON ! SANITATION ( T[NS1 )\T ! FA9TE/ NOTION ( HYGI5E1 TO-MORR[ MAK+ REGULATIONS = ! >MAM5T ( TROOPS1 )\T SO MU* AS UND]/&+ A GUN2 MAK+ LAWS AB\T TEA*+ & $UCATION )\T EV] HAV+ GIV5 A LESSON ( ANY SORT1 OR EV5 AN HONE/ $UCATION TO !IR [N *ILDR52 LEGISLAT+ 9 ALL DIRECTIONS1 BUT NEV] =GETT+ ! P5ALTIES TO BE MET$ \T TO RAGAMUFF9S1 ! PRISON & ! GALLEYS1 :I* >E TO BE ! PORTION ( M5 A ?\S& TIMES LESS IMMORAL ?AN !SE LEGISLATORS !MSELVES4  

 ,F9ALLY1 !Y SEE ! JAIL] ON ! WAY TO LOSE ALL HUMAN FEEL+1 ! DETECTIVE TRA9$ AS A BLOODH\ND1 ! POLICE SPY DESPIS+ HIMSELF2 @&_?#a#d#g29=M+1@&_?#a#d#h2 METAMORPHOS$ 9TO A VIRTUE2 CORRUPTION1 ]ECT$ 9TO A SY/EM2 ALL ! VICES1 ALL ! EVIL QUALITIES ( MANK9D C\NT5ANC$ & CULTIVAT$ TO 9SURE ! TRIUMPH ( LAW4  

 ,ALL ?IS WE SEE1 &1 !RE=E1 9/EAD ( 9ANELY REPEAT+ ! OLD =MULA1 @&_?#a#d#g2,RESPECT ! LAW1@&_?#a#d#h2 WE SAY1 @&_?#a#d#g2,DESPITE LAW & ALL ITS ATTRIBUTES6@&_?#a#d#h2 ,9 PLACE ( ! C[>DLY PHRASE1 @&_?#a#d#g2,OBEY ! LAW1@&_?#a#d#h2 \R CRY IS @&_?#a#d#g2,REVOLT AGA9/ ALL LAWS6@&_?#a#d#h2  

 ,ONLY COMP>E ! MISDE$S ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ! NAME ( EA* LAW1 ) ! GOOD IT HAS BE5 ABLE TO EFFECT1 & WEI< C>EFULLY BO? GOOD & EVIL1 & Y\ WILL SEE IF WE >E RI<T4  

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 ,RELATIVELY SPEAK+1 LAW IS A PRODUCT ( MOD]N TIMES4 ,= AGES & AGES MANK9D LIV$ )\T ANY WRITT5 LAW1 EV5 ?AT GRAV$ 9 SYMBOLS UPON ! 5TRANCE /ONES ( A TEMPLE4 ,DUR+ ?AT P]IOD1 HUMAN RELATIONS W]E SIMPLY REGULAT$ BY CU/OMS1 HABITS & USAGES1 MADE SACR$ BY CON/ANT REPETITION1 & ACQUIR$ BY EA* P]SON 9 *ILDHOOD1 EXACTLY AS HE LE>N$ H[ TO OBTA9 HIS FOOD BY HUNT+1 CATTLE-RE>+1 OR AGRICULTURE4  

 ,ALL HUMAN SOCIETIES HAVE PASS$ ?R\< ?IS PRIMITIVE PHASE1 & TO ?IS DAY A L>GE PROPORTION ( MANK9D HAVE NO WRITT5 LAW4 ,EV]Y TRIBE HAS ITS [N MANN]S & CU/OMS2 CU/OM>Y LAW1 AS ! JURI/S SAY4 ,IT HAS SOCIAL HABITS1 & ?AT SUFFICES TO MA9TA9 CORDIAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ! 9HABITANTS ( ! VILLAGE1 ! MEMB]S ( ! TRIBE OR COMMUNITY4 ,EV5 AMONG \RSELVES -- ! @&_?#a#d#g2CIVILIZ$@&_?#a#d#h2 NATIONS -- :5 WE LEAVE L>GE T[NS1 & GO 9TO ! C\NTRY1 WE SEE ?AT !RE ! MUTUAL RELATIONS ( ! 9HABITANTS >E /ILL REGULAT$ ACCORD+ TO ANCI5T & G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ CU/OMS1 & NOT ACCORD+ TO ! WRITT5 LAW ( ! LEGISLATORS4 ,! PEASANTS ( ,RUSSIA1 ,ITALY & ,SPA91 & EV5 ( A L>GE P>T ( ,FRANCE & ,5GL&1 HAVE NO CONCEPTION ( WRITT5 LAW4 ,IT ONLY M$DLES ) !IR LIVES TO REGULATE !IR RELATIONS ) ! ,/ATE4 ,AS TO RELATIONS BETWE5 !MSELVES1 ?\< !SE >E SOMETIMES V]Y COMPLEX1 !Y >E SIMPLY REGULAT$ ACCORD+ TO ANCI5T CU/OM4 ,=M]LY1 ?IS WAS ! CASE ) MANK9D 9 G5]AL4  

 ,TWO DI/9CTLY M>K$ CURR5TS ( CU/OM >E REVEAL$ BY ANALYSIS ( ! USAGES ( PRIMITIVE PEOPLE4  

 ,AS MAN DOES NOT LIVE 9 A SOLIT>Y /ATE1 HABITS & FEEL+S DEVELOP )9 HIM :I* >E USEFUL = ! PRES]VATION ( SOCIETY & ! PROPAGATION ( ! RACE4 ,)\T SOCIAL FEEL+S & USAGES1 LIFE 9 COMMON W\LD HAVE BE5 ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IT IS NOT LAW :I* HAS E/ABLI%$ !M2 !Y >E ANT]IOR TO ALL LAW4 ,NEI!R IS IT RELIGION :I* HAS ORDA9$ !M2 !Y >E ANT]IOR TO ALL RELIGIONS4 ,!Y >E F\ND AMONG ALL ANIMALS LIV+ 9 SOCIETY4 ,!Y >E SPONTANE\SLY DEVELOP$ BY ! V]Y NATURE ( ?+S1 LIKE ?OSE HABITS 9 ANIMALS :I* M5 CALL 9/9CT4 ,!Y SPR+ FROM A PROCESS ( EVOLUTION1 :I* IS USEFUL1 &1 9DE$1 NECESS>Y1 TO KEEP SOCIETY TOGE!R 9 ! /RUGGLE IT IS =C$ TO MA9TA9 = EXI/5CE4 ,SAVAGES 5D BY NO LONG] EAT+ ONE ANO!R1 BECAUSE !Y F9D IT 9 ! LONG RUN MORE ADVANTAGE\S TO DEVOTE !MSELVES TO SOME SORT ( CULTIVATION1 ?AN TO 5JOY ! PLEASURE ( FEA/+ UPON ! FLE% ( AN AG$ RELATIVE ONCE A YE>4 ,MANY TRAVEL]S HAVE DEPICT$ ! MANN]S ( ABSOLUTELY 9DEP5D5T TRIBES1 :]E LAWS & *IEFS >E UNKN[N1 BUT :]E ! MEMB]S ( ! TRIBE HAVE GIV5 UP /ABB+ ONE ANO!R 9 EV]Y DISPUTE1 BECAUSE ! HABIT ( LIV+ 9 SOCIETY HAS 5D$ BY DEVELOP+ C]TA9 FEEL+S ( FRAT]NITY & ON5ESS ( 9T]E/1 & !Y PREF] APPEAL+ TO A ?IRD P]SON TO SETTLE !IR DIFF]5CES4 ,! HOSPITALITY ( PRIMITIVE PEOPLES1 RESPECT = HUMAN LIFE1 ! S5SE ( RECIPROCAL OBLIGATION1 COMPASSION = ! WEAK1 C\RAGE1 EXT5D+ EV5 TO ! SACRIFICE ( SELF = O!RS1 :I* IS FIR/ LE>N$ = ! SAKE ( *ILDR5 & FRI5DS1 & LAT]1 = ?AT ( MEMB]S ( ! SAME COMMUNITY- ALL !SE QUALITIES >E DEVELOP$ 9 MAN ANT]IOR TO ALL LAW1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ALL RELIGION1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! SOCIAL ANIMALS4 ,SU* FEEL+S & PRACTICES >E ! 9EVITABLE RESULTS ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,)\T BE+1 AS SAY PRIE/S & METAPHYSICIANS1 9H]5T 9 MAN1 SU* QUALITIES >E ! CONSEQU5CE ( LIFE 9 COMMON4  

 ,BUT SIDE BY SIDE ) !SE CU/OMS1 NECESS>Y TO ! LIFE ( SOCIETIES & ! PRES]VATION ( ! RACE1 O!R DESIRES1 O!R PASSIONS1 & !RE=E O!R HABITS & CU/OMS1 >E EVOLV$ 9 HUMAN ASSOCIATION4 ,! DESIRE TO DOM9ATE O!RS & IMPOSE ONE@&_?#a#d#f2S [N WILL UPON !M2 ! DESIRE TO SEIZE UPON ! PRODUCTS ( ! LABOR ( A NEI<BOR+ TRIBE2 ! DESIRE TO SURR\ND ONESELF ) COM=TS )\T PRODUC+ ANY?+1 :IL/ SLAVES PROVIDE !IR MA/] ) ! MEANS ( PROCUR+ EV]Y SORT ( PLEASURE & LUXURY -- !SE SELFI%1 P]SONAL DESIRES GIVE RISE TO ANO!R CURR5T ( HABITS & CU/OMS4 ,! PRIE/ & ! W>RIOR1 ! *>LATAN :O MAKES A PR(IT \T ( SUP]/ITION1 & AFT] FREE+ HIMSELF FROM ! FE> ( ! DEVIL1 CULTIVATES IT 9 O!RS2 & ! BULLY1 :O PROCURES ! 9VASION & PILLAGE ( HIS NEI<BORS1 ?AT HE MAY RETURN LAD5 ) BOOTY1 & FOLL[$ BY SLAVES2 !SE TWO1 H& 9 H&1 HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 IMPOS+ UPON PRIMITIVE SOCIETY CU/OMS ADVANTAGE\S TO BO? ( !M1 BUT T5D+ TO P]PETUATE !IR DOM9ATION ( ! MASSES4 ,PR(IT+ BY ! 9DOL5CE1 ! FE>S1 ! 9]TIA ( ! CR[D1 & ?ANKS TO ! CONT9UAL REPETITION ( ! SAME ACTS1 !Y HAVE P]MAN5TLY E/ABLI%$ CU/OMS :I* HAVE BECOME A SOLID BASIS = !IR [N DOM9ATION4  

 ,= ?IS PURPOSE1 !Y W\LD HAVE MADE USE1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ( ?AT T5D5CY TO RUN 9 A GROOVE1 SO HI<LY DEVELOP$ 9 MANK9D4 ,9 *ILDR5 & ALL SAVAGES IT ATTA9S /RIK+ PROPORTIONS1 & IT MAY ALSO BE OBS]V$ 9 ANIMALS4 ,MAN1 :5 HE IS AT ALL SUP]/ITI\S1 IS ALWAYS AFRAID TO 9TRODUCE ANY SORT ( *ANGE 9TO EXI/+ CONDITIONS2 HE G5]ALLY V5]ATES :AT IS ANCI5T4 @&_?#a#d#g2,\R FA!RS DID SO & SO2 !Y GOT ON PRETTY WELL2 !Y BR\<T Y\ UP2 !Y W]E NOT UNHAPPY2 DO ! SAME6@&_?#a#d#h2 ! OLD SAY TO ! Y\NG1 EV]Y TIME ! LATT] WI% TO ALT] ?+S4 ,! UNKN[N FRI<T5S !M1 !Y PREF] TO CL+ TO ! PA/1 EV5 :5 ?AT PA/ REPRES5TS POV]TY1 OPPRESSION & SLAV]Y4 ,IT MAY EV5 BE SAID ?AT ! MORE MIS]ABLE A MAN IS1 ! MORE HE DREADS EV]Y SORT ( *ANGE1 LE/ IT MAY MAKE HIM MORE WRET*$ /ILL4 ,SOME RAY ( HOPE1 A FEW SCRAPS ( COM=T1 MU/ P5ETRATE HIS GLOOMY ABODE BE=E HE CAN BEG9 TO DESIRE BETT] ?+S1 TO CRITICIZE ! OLD WAYS ( LIV+1 & PREP>E TO IMP]IL !M = ! SAKE ( BR++ AB\T A *ANGE4 ,SO LONG AS HE IS NOT IMBU$ ) HOPE1 SO LONG AS HE IS NOT FRE$ FROM ! TUTELAGE ( ?OSE :O UTILIZE HIS SUP]/ITION & HIS FE>S1 HE PREF]S REMA9+ 9 HIS =M] POSITION4 ,IF ! Y\NG DESIRE ANY *ANGE1 ! OLD RAISE A CRY ( AL>M AGA9/ ! 9NOVATORS4 ,SOME SAVAGES W\LD RA!R DIE ?AN TRANSGRESS ! CU/OMS ( !IR C\NTRY1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 TOLD FROM *ILDHOOD ?AT ! LEA/ 9FRACTION ( E/ABLI%$ R\T9E W\LD BR+ ILL-LUCK1 & RU9 ! :OLE TRIBE4 ,EV5 9 ! PRES5T DAY1 :AT NUMB]S ( POLITICIANS1 ECONOMI/S1 & W\LD-BE REVOLUTIONI/S ACT UND] ! SAME IMPRESSION1 & CL+ TO A VANI%+ PA/4 ,H[ MANY C>E ONLY TO SEEK = PREC$5TS4 ,H[ MANY FI]Y 9NOVATORS >E M]E COPYI/S ( BYGONE REVOLUTIONS4  

 ,! SPIRIT ( R\T9E1 ORIG9AT+ 9 SUP]/ITION1 9DOL5CE1 & C[>DICE1 HAS 9 ALL TIMES BE5 ! MA9/AY ( OPPRESSION4 ,9 PRIMITIVE HUMAN SOCIETIES1 IT WAS CLEV]LY TURN$ TO ACC\NT BY PRIE/S & MILIT>Y *IEFS4 ,!Y P]PETUAT$ CU/OMS USEFUL ONLY TO !MSELVES1 & SUCCE$$ 9 IMPOS+ !M ON ! :OLE TRIBE4 ,SO LONG AS ?IS CONS]VATIVE SPIRIT C\LD BE EXPLOIT$ SO AS TO ASSURE ! *IEF 9 HIS 5CROA*M5TS UPON 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY1 SO LONG AS ! ONLY 9EQUALITIES BETWE5 M5 W]E ! WORK ( NATURE1 & !SE W]E NOT 9CREAS$ A HUNDR$-FOLD BY ! CONC5TRATION ( P[] & WEAL?1 !RE WAS NO NE$ = LAW1 & ! =MIDABLE P>APH]NALIA ( TRIBUNALS & EV]-AUGM5T+ P5ALTIES TO 5=CE IT4  

  

,LAW & ,AU?ORITY1 ,EXTRA #b ,BUT AS SOCIETY BECAME MORE & MORE DIVID$ 9TO TWO HO/ILE CLASSES1 ONE SEEK+ TO E/ABLI% ITS DOM9ATION1 ! O!R /RUGGL+ TO ESCAPE1 ! /RIFE BEGAN4 ,N[ ! CONQU]OR WAS 9 A HURRY TO SECURE ! RESULTS ( HIS ACTIONS 9 A P]MAN5T =M1 HE TRI$ TO PLACE !M BEYOND QUE/ION1 TO MAKE !M HOLY & V5]ABLE BY EV]Y MEANS 9 HIS P[]4 ,LAW MADE ITS APPE>ANCE UND] ! SANCTION ( ! PRIE/1 & ! W>RIOR@&_?#a#d#f2S CLUB WAS PLAC$ AT ITS S]VICE4 ,ITS (FICE WAS TO R5D] IMMUTABLE SU* CU/OMS AS W]E TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! DOM9ANT M9ORITY4 ,MILIT>Y AU?ORITY UND]TOOK TO 5SURE OB$I5CE4 ,?IS NEW FUNCTION WAS A FRE% GU>ANTEE TO ! P[] ( ! W>RIOR2 N[ HE HAD NOT ONLY M]E BRUTE =CE AT HIS S]VICE2 HE WAS ! DEF5D] ( LAW4  

 ,IF LAW1 H[EV]1 PRES5T$ NO?+ BUT A COLLECTION ( PRESCRIPTIONS S]VICEABLE TO RUL]S1 IT W\LD F9D SOME DIFFICULTY 9 9SUR+ ACCEPTANCE & OB$I5CE4 ,WELL1 ! LEGISLATORS CONF\ND$ 9 ONE CODE ! TWO CURR5TS ( CU/OM1 ( :I* WE HAVE JU/ BE5 SPEAK+1 ! MAXIMS :I* REPRES5T PR9CIPLES ( MORALITY & SOCIAL UNION WR\<T \T AS A RESULT ( LIFE 9 COMMON1 & ! M&ATES1 :I* >E MEANT TO 5SURE EXT]NAL EXI/5CE TO 9EQUALITY4 ,CU/OMS1 ABSOLUTELY ESS5TIAL TO ! V]Y BE+ ( SOCIETY1 >E1 9 ! CODE1 CLEV]LY 9T]M+L$ ) USAGES IMPOS$ BY ! RUL+ CA/E1 & BO? CLAIM EQUAL RESPECT FROM ! WORD4 @&_?#a#d#g2,DO NOT KILL1@&_?#a#d#h2 SAYS ! CODE1 & HA/5S TO ADD1 @&_?#a#d#g2,& PAY TI!S TO ! PRIE/4@&_?#a#d#h2 @&_?#a#d#g2,DO NOT /EAL1@&_?#a#d#h2 SAYS ! CODE1 & IMM$IATELY AFT]1 @&_?#a#d#g2,HE :O REFUSES TO PAY TAXES1 %ALL HAVE HIS H& /RUCK (F4@&_?#a#d#h2  

 ,SU* WAS LAW2 & IT HAS MA9TA9$ ITS TWO-FOLD *>ACT] TO ?IS DAY4 ,ITS ORIG9 IS ! DESIRE ( ! RUL+ CLASS TO GIVE P]MAN5CE TO CU/OMS IMPOS$ BY !MSELVES = !IR [N ADVANTAGE4 ,ITS *>ACT] IS ! SKILLFUL COMM+L+ ( CU/OMS USEFUL TO SOCIETY1 CU/OMS :I* HAVE NO NE$ ( LAW TO 9SURE RESPECT1 ) O!R CU/OMS USEFUL ONLY TO RUL]S1 9JURI\S TO ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 & MA9TA9$ ONLY BY ! FE> ( PUNI%M5T4  

 ,LIKE 9DIVIDUAL CAPITAL1 :I* WAS BORN ( FRAUD & VIOL5CE1 & DEVELOP$ UND] ! AUSPICES ( AU?ORITY1 LAW HAS NO TITLE TO ! RESPECT ( M54 ,BORN ( VIOL5CE & SUP]/ITION1 & E/ABLI%$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( CONSUM]1 PRIE/ & RI* EXPLOIT]1 IT MU/ BE UTT]LY DE/ROY$ ON ! DAY :5 ! PEOPLE DESIRE TO BREAK !IR *A9S4  

 ,WE %ALL BE /ILL BETT] CONV9CE ( ?IS :51 9 ! NEXT *APT]1 WE HAVE ANALYZ$ ! ULT]IOR DEVELOPM5T ( LAWS UND] ! AUSPICES ( RELIGION1 AU?ORITY & ! EXI/+ P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM4  

,*APT] ,I,I,I 

 ,WE HAVE SE5 9 ! PREVI\S *APT] H[ LAW ORIG9AT$ 9 E/ABLI%$ USAGE & CU/OM1 & H[1 FROM ! BEG9N+ IT HAS REPRES5T$ A SKILLFUL MIXTURE ( SOCIAL HABITS1 NECESS>Y TO ! PRES]VATION ( ! HUMAN RACE1 ) O!R CU/OMS1 IMPOS$ BY ?OSE :O US$ POPUL> SUP]/ITION1 AS WELL AS ! RI<T ( ! /RONGE/ = !IR [N ADVANTAGE4 ,?IS D\BLE *>ACT] ( LAW HAS DET]M9$ ITS N[ LAT] DEVELOPM5T DUR+ ! GR[? ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,:IL/ 9 ! C\RSE ( AGES ! NUCLEUS ( SOCIAL CU/OM 9SCRIB$ 9 LAW HAS BE5 SUBJECT$ TO BUT SLI<T & GRADUAL MODIFICATIONS1 ! O!R PORTION HAS BE5 L>GELY DEVELOP$ 9 DIRECTIONS 9DICAT$ BY ! 9T]E/S ( ! DOM9ANT CLASSES1 & TO ! 9JURY ( ! CLASSES !Y OPPRESS4 ,FROM TIME TO TIME !SE DOM9ANT CLASSES HAVE ALL[$ A LAW TO BE EXTORT$ FROM !M :I* PRES5T$1 OR APPE>$ TO PRES5T1 SOME GU>ANTEE = ! DIS9H]IT$4 ,BUT !N SU* LAWS HAVE BUT REPEAL$ A PREVI\S LAW1 MADE = ! ADVANTAGE ( ! RUL+ CA/E4 @&_?#a#d#g2,! BE/ LAWS1@&_?#a#d#h2 SAYS .<,?OMAS ,H5RY.> ,BUCKLE1 @&_?#a#d#g2W]E ?OSE :I* REPEAL$ ! PREC$+ ONES4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,BUT :AT T]RIBLE EF=TS HAVE BE5 NE$$1 :AT RIV]S ( BLOOD HAVE BE5 SPILL$1 EV]Y TIME !RE HAS BE5 A QUE/ION ( ! REPEAL ( ONE ( !SE FUNDAM5TAL 5ACTM5TS S]V+ TO HOLD ! PEOPLE 9 FETT]S4 ,BE=E %E C\LD ABOLI% ! VE/IGES ( S]FDOM & FEUDAL RI<TS1 & BREAK UP ! P[] ( ! ROYAL C\RT1 ,FRANCE WAS =C$ TO PASS ?R\< F\R YE>S ( REVOLUTION & TW5TY YE>S ( W>4 ,DECADES ( CONFLICT >E NE$FUL TO REPEAL ! LEA/ ( ! 9IQUIT\S LAWS1 BEQUEA!D US BY ! PA/1 & EV5 !N !Y SC>CELY DISAPPE> EXCEPT 9 P]IODS ( REVOLUTION4  

 ,! HI/ORY ( ! G5ESIS ( CAPITAL HAS ALREADY BE5 TOLD BY ,SOCIALI/S MANY TIMES4 ,!Y HAVE DESCRIB$ H[ IT WAS BORN ( W> & PILLAGE1 ( SLAV]Y & S]FDOM1 ( MOD]N FRAUD & EXPLOITATION4 ,!Y HAVE %[N H[ IT IS N\RI%$ BY ! BLOOD ( ! WORK]1 & H[ LITTLE BY LITTLE IT HAS CONQU]$ ! :OLE WORLD4 ,! SAME /ORY1 CONC]N+ ! G5ESIS & DEVELOPM5T ( LAW HAS YET TO BE TOLD4 ,AS USUAL1 ! POPUL> 9TELLIG5CE HAS /OL5 A M>* UPON M5 ( BOOKS4 ,IT HAS ALREADY PUT TOGE!R ! PHILOSOPHY ( ?IS HI/ORY1 & IS BUSY LAY+ D[N ITS ESS5TIAL L&M>KS4  

 ,LAW1 9 ITS QUALITY ( GU>ANTEE ( ! RESULTS ( PILLAGE1 SLAV]Y & EXPLOITATION1 HAS FOLL[$ ! SAME PHRASES ( DEVELOPM5T AS CAPITAL2 TW9 BRO!R & SI/]1 !Y HAVE ADVANC$ H& 9 H&1 SU/A9+ ONE ANO!R ) ! SUFF]+ ( MANK9D4 ,9 EV]Y C\NTRY 9 ,EUROPE !IR HI/ORY IS APPROXIMATELY ! SAME4 ,IT HAS DIFF]$ ONLY 9 DETAIL2 ! MA9 FACTS >E ALIKE2 & TO GLANCE AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( LAW 9 ,FRANCE OR ,G]MANY IS TO KN[ ITS ESS5TIAL TRAITS1 ITS PHASES ( DEVELOPM5T1 9 MO/ ( ! ,EUROPEAN NATIONS4  

 ,9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 LAW WAS A NATIONAL P>T ( CONTRACT4 ,SU* A CONTRACT WAS AGRE$ UPON BETWE5 ! LEGIONS & PEOPLE AT ! ,*AMPS DE ,M>S1"9 A RELIC ( ! SAME P]IOD IS PRES]V$ EV5 YET 9 ! ,FIELD ( ,MAY ( ! PRIMITIVE ,SWISS CANTONS DESPITE ! ALT]ATIONS EFFECT$ BY ! 9T]F]5CE ( C5TRALIZ+ & MIDDLE-CLASS CIVILIZATION4  

 "9 ,! ANNUAL ASSEMBLY ( ! E>LY ,FRANKS1 ORIG9ALLY HELD 9 ,M>*1 !RE ! FIR/ MON? ( ! YE>4  

 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ?IS CONTRACT WAS NOT ALWAYS FREELY ACCEPT$4 ,EV5 9 ?OSE E>LY DAYS ! RI* & /RONG W]E IMPOS+ !IR WILL UPON ! RE/4 ,BUT AT ALL EV5TS !Y 5C\NT]$ AN OB/ACLE TO !IR 5CROA*M5TS 9 ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 :O (T5 MADE !M FEEL !IR P[] 9 RETURN4  

 ,BUT AS ! ,*UR* ON ONE SIDE & ! NOBLES ON ! O!R1 SUCCE$$ 9 5?RALL+ ! PEOPLE1 ! RI<T ( LAW-MAK+ ESCAP$ FROM ! H&S ( ! NATION & PASS$ 9TO ?OSE ( ! PRIVILEG$ ORD]S4 ,=TIFI$ BY ! WEAL? ACCUMULAT+ 9 H] C(F]S1 ! ,*UR* EXT5D$ H] AU?ORITY2 %E TAMP]$ MORE & MORE ) PRIVATE LIFE1 & UND] PRETEXT ( SAV+ S\LS1 %E SEIZ$ UPON ! LABOR ( H] S]FS1 %E GA!R$ TAXES FROM EV]Y CLASS1 %E 9CREAS$ H] JURISDICTION1 %E MULTIPLI$ P5ALTIES1 & 5RI*$ H]SELF 9 PROPORTION TO ! NUMB] ( (F5SES COMMITT$1 = ! PRODUCE ( EV]Y F9E P\R$ 9TO H] C(F]S4 ,LAWS HAD NO LONG] ANY CONNECTION ) ! 9T]E/ ( ! NATION4 @&_?#a#d#g2,!Y MI<T HAVE BE5 SUPPOS$ TO EMANATE RA!R FROM A C\NCIL ( RELIGI\S FANATICS ?AN FROM LEGISLATORS1@&_?#a#d#h2 OBS]VES A HI/ORIAN ( ,FR5* ,LAW4  

 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 AS ! B>ON LIKEWISE EXT5D$ HIS AU?ORITY OV] LABOR]S 9 ! FIELDS & >TISANS 9 ! T[NS1 HE1 TOO1 BECAME LEGISLATOR & JUDGE4 ,! FEW RELICS ( NATIONAL LAW DAT+ FROM ! T5? C5TURY >E M]ELY AGREEM5TS REGULAT+ S]VICE1 /ATUTE LABOR1 & TRIBUTE DUE FROM S]F & VASSALS TO !IR LORD4 ,! LEGISLATORS ( ?AT P]IOD W]E A H&FUL ( BRIG&S ORGANIZ$ = ! PLUND] ( A PEOPLE DAILY BECOM+ MORE PEACEFUL1 AS !Y APPLI$ !MSELVES TO AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS4 ,!SE ROBB]S EXPLOIT$ ! FEEL+S = JU/ICE 9H]5T 9 ! PEOPLE1 !Y POS$ AS ! ADM9I/RATORS ( ?AT JU/ICE1 MADE A S\RCE ( REV5UE = !MSELVES \T ( ITS FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES & CONCOCT$ LAWS TO MA9TA9 !IR [N DOM9ATIONS4  

 ,LAT] ON1 !SE LAWS COLLECT$ & CLASSIFI$ BY JURI/S1 =M$ ! F\NDATION ( \R MOD]N CODES4 ,& >E WE TO TALK AB\T RESPECT+ !SE CODES1 ! LEGACY ( B>ON & PRIE/8  

 ,! FIR/ REVOLUTION1 ! REVOLT ( ! T[N%IPS1 WAS SUCCESSFUL 9 ABOLI%+ A PORTION ONLY ( !SE LAWS1 ! *>T]S ( 5FRAN*IS$ T[NS >E1 = ! MO/ P>T1 A M]E COMPROMISE BETWE5 B>ONIAL & EPISCOPAL LEGISLATION1 & ! NEW RELATIONS CREAT$ )9 ! FREE BOR\< ITSELF4 ,YET :AT A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !SE LAWS1 & ! LAWS WE HAVE N[6 ,! T[N DID NOT TAKE UPON ITSELF TO IMPRISON & EXECUTE CITIZ5S = REASONS ( ,/ATE3 IT WAS CONT5T TO EXPEL ANYONE :O PLOTT$ ) ! 5EMIES ( ! CITY1 & TO RAZE HIS H\SE TO ! GR\ND4 ,IT CONF9$ ITSELF TO IMPOS+ F9ES = SO-CALL$ @&_?#a#d#g2CRIMES & MISDEMEANORS@&_?#a#d#h2 & 9 ! T[N%IPS ( ! TWELF? C5TURY MAY EV5 BE DISC]N$ ! JU/ PR9CIPLE TO-DAY =GOTT51 :I* HOLDS ! :OLE COMMUNITY RESPONSIBLE = ! MISDO+ ( EA* ( ITS MEMB]S4 ,! SOCIETIES ( ?AT TIME LOOK$ UPON CRIME AS AN ACCID5T OR MIS=TUNE2 A CONCEPTION COMMON AMONG ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTRY AT ?IS MOM5T4 ,!RE=E1 !Y DID NOT ADMIT ( ! PR9CIPLE ( P]SONAL V5GEANCE AS PREA*$ BY ! ,BIBLE1 BUT CONSID]$ ?AT ! BLAME = EA* MISDE$ REV]T$ TO ! :OLE SOCIETY4 ,IT NE$$ ALL ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,BYZANT9E ,*UR*1 :I* IMPORT$ 9TO ! ,WE/ ! REF9$ CRUELTIES ( ,EA/]N DESPOTISM1 TO 9TRODUCE 9TO ! MANN]S ( ,GAULS & ,G]MANS ! P5ALTY ( DEA?1 & ! HORRIBLE =TUNES AFT]W>DS 9FLICT$ ON ?OSE REG>D$ AS CRIM9ALS4 ,JU/ 9 ! SAME WAY1 IT NE$$ ALL ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,ROMAN CODE1 ! PRODUCT ( ! CORRUPTION ( ,IMP]IAL ,ROME1 TO 9TRODUCE ! NOTIONS AS TO ABSOLUTE PROP]TY 9 L&1 :I* HAVE OV]?R[N ! COMMUNI/IC CU/OMS ( PRIMITIVE PEOPLE4  

 ,AS WE KN[1 ! FREE T[N%IPS W]E NOT ABLE TO HOLD !IR [N4 ,TORN BY 9TE/9E DISS5SIONS BETWE5 RI* & POOR1 BUR<] & S]F1 !Y FELL AN EASY PREY TO ROYALTY4 ,& AS ROYALTY ACQUIR$ FRE% /R5G?1 ! RI<T ( LEGISLATION PASS$ MORE & MORE 9TO ! H&S ( A CLIQUE ( C\RTI]S4 ,APPEAL TO ! NATION1 WAS MADE ONLY TO SANCTION ! TAXES DEM&$ BY ! ,K+4 ,P>LIAM5T SUMMON$ AT 9T]VALS ( TWO C5TURIES1 ACCORD+ TO ! GOOD PLEASURE OR CAPRICE ( ! ,C\RT1 @&_?#a#d#g2,C\NCILS ,EXTRAORD9>Y1@&_?#a#d#h2 ,ASSEMBLIES ( ,NOTABLES1 ,M9I/]S1 SC>CE HE$+ ! @&_?#a#d#g2GRIEVANCES ( ! ,K+@&_?#a#d#f2S SUBJECTS@&_?#a#d#h2 -- !SE >E ! LEGISLATORS ( ,FRANCE4 ,LAT] /ILL1 :5 ALL P[] IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 A S+LE MAN1 :O CAN SAY @&_?#a#d#g2,I AM ! ,/ATE1@&_?#a#d#h2 $ICTS >E CONCOCT$ 9 ! @&_?#a#d#g2SECRET C\NSELS ( ! ,PR9CE1@&_?#a#d#h2 ACCORD+ TO ! :IM ( A M9I/]1 OR ( AN IMBECILE ,K+2 & SUBJECTS MU/ OBEY ON PA9 ( DEA?4 ,ALL JUDICIAL GU>ANTEES >E ABOLI%$2 ! NATION IS ! S]F ( ROYALTY1 & ( A H&FUL ( C\RTI]S4 ,& AT ?IS P]IOD ! MO/ HORRIBLE P5ALTIES />TLE \R GAZE -- ! :EEL1 ! /AKE1 FLAY+ ALIVE1 TORTURES ( EV]Y DESCRIPTION1 9V5T$ BY ! SICK FANCY ( MONKS & MADM51 SEEK+ DELI<T 9 ! SUFF]+S ( EXECUT$ CRIM9ALS4  

 ,! GREAT ,REVOLUTION BEGAN ! DEMOLITION ( ?IS FRAMEWORK ( LAW1 BEQUEA!D TO US BY FEUDALISM & ROYALTY4 ,BUT AFT] HAV+ DEMOLI%$ SOME PORTIONS ( ! ANCI5T $IFICE1 ! ,REVOLUTION DELIV]$ OV] ! P[] ( LAW-MAK+ TO ! B\RGEOISIE1 :O1 9 !IR TURN1 BEGAN TO RAISE A FRE% FRAMEWORK ( LAWS1 9T5D$ TO MA9TA9 & P]PETUATE MIDDLE-CLASS DOM9ATION AMONG ! MASSES4 ,!IR ,P>LIAM5T MAKES LAWS RI<T & LEFT1 & M\NTA9S ( LAW ACCUMULATE ) FRI<TFUL RAPIDITY4 ,BUT :AT >E ALL !SE LAWS AT BOTTOM8  

 ,! MAJOR PORTION HAVE BUT ONE OBJECT -- TO PROTECT PRIVATE PROP]TY1 I4E41 WEAL? ACQUIR$ BY ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN4 ,!IR AIM IS TO OP5 \T TO CAPITAL FRE% FIELDS = EXPLOITATION1 & TO SANCTION ! NEW =MS :I* ?AT EXPLOITATION CONT9UALLY ASSUMES1 AS CAPITAL SWALL[S UP ANO!R BRAN* ( HUMAN ACTIVITY1 RAILWAYS1 TELEGRAPHS1 ELECTRIC LI<T1 *EMICAL 9DU/RIES1 ! EXPRESSION ( MAN@&_?#a#d#f2S ?\<T 9 LIT]ATURE & SCI5CE1 ETC4 ,! OBJECT ( ! RE/ ( !SE LAWS IS FUNDAM5TALLY ! SAME4 ,!Y EXI/ TO KEEP UP ! MA*9]Y ( GOV]NM5T1 :I* S]VES TO SECURE TO CAPITAL ! EXPLOITATION & MONOPOLY ( ! WEAL? PRODUC$4 ,MAGI/RATURE1 POLICE1 >MY1 PUBLIC 9/RUCTION1 F9ANCE1 ALL S]VE ONE ,GOD -- CAPITAL2 ALL HAVE BUT ONE OBJECT -- TO FACILITATE ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK] BY ! CAPITALI/4 ,ANALYZE ALL ! LAWS PASS$ = ! LA/ EI<TY YE>S & Y\ WILL F9D NO?+ BUT ?IS4 ,! PROTECTION ( ! P]SON1 :I* IS PUT =W>D AS ! TRUE MISSION ( LAW OCCUPIES AN IMP]CEPTIBLE SPACE AMONG !M1 =1 EXI/+ SOCIETY1 ASSAULTS UPON ! P]SON1 DIRECTLY DICTAT$ BY HATR$ & BRUTALITY1 T5D TO DISAPPE>4 ,N[ADAYS1 IF ANYONE IS MURD]$1 IT IS G5]ALLY = ! SAKE ( ROBB+ HIM2 R>ELY FROM P]SONAL V5GEANCE4 ,BUT IF ?IS CLASS ( CRIMES & MISDEMEANORS IS CONT9UALLY DIM9I%+1 WE C]TA9LY DO NOT [E ! *ANGE TO LEGISLATION4 ,IT IS DUE TO ! GR[? ( HUMANIT>IANISM 9 \R SOCIETIES1 TO \R 9CREAS+LY SOCIAL HABITS RA!R ?AN TO ! PRESCRIPTIONS ( \R LAWS4 ,REPEAL TO-MORR[ EV]Y LAW DEAL+ ) ! PROTECTION ( ! P]SON1 & TO-MORR[ /OP ALL PROCE$+S = ASSAULT1 & ! NUMB] ( ATTEMPTS1 DICTAT$ BY P]SONAL V5GEANCE & BY BRUTALITY1 W\LD NOT BE AUGM5T BY ONE S+LE 9/ANCE4  

 ,IT WILL1 P]HAPS1 BE OBJECT$ ?AT1 DUR+ ! LA/ FIFTY YE>S1 A GOOD MANY LIB]AL LAWS HAVE BE5 5ACT$4 ,BUT1 IF !SE LAWS >E ANALYZ$1 IT WILL BE DISCOV]$ ?AT ?IS LIB]AL LEGISLATION CONSI/S 9 ! REPEAL ( ! LAWS BEQUEA!D TO US BY ! B>B>ISM ( PREC$+ C5TURIES4 ,EV]Y LIB]AL LAW1 EV]Y RADICAL PROGRAM1 MAY BE SUMM$ UP 9 !SE WORDS1 ABOLITION ( LAWS GR[N IRKSOME TO ! MIDDLE-CLASS ITSELF1 & EXT5SION TO ALL CITIZ5S ( LIB]TIES 5JOY$ BY ! T[N%IPS ( ! TWELF? C5TURY4 ,! ABOLITION ( CAPITAL PUNI%M5T1 TRIAL BY JURY = ALL @&_?#a#d#g2CRIMES@&_?#a#d#h2 7!RE WAS A MORE LIB]AL JURY 9 ! TWELF? C5TURY71 ! ELECTION ( MAGI/RATES1 ! RI<T ( BR++ PUBLIC (FICIALS TO TRIAL1 ! ABOLITION ( /&+ >MIES1 FREE 9/RUCTION1 ETC41 EV]Y?+ ?AT IS PO9T$ \T AS AN 9V5TION ( MOD]N LIB]ALISM1 IS BUT A RETURN TO ! FRE$OM :I* EXI/$ BE=E ,*UR* & ,K+ HAD LAID H&S UPON EV]Y MANIFE/ATION ( HUMAN LIFE4  

 ,?US ! PROTECTION ( EXPLOITATION DIRECTLY BY LAWS ON PROP]TY1 & 9DIRECTLY BY ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,/ATE IS BO? ! SPIRIT & ! SUB/ANCE ( \R MOD]N CODES1 & ! ONE FUNCTION ( \R CO/LY LEGISLATIVE MA*9]Y4 ,BUT IT IS TIME WE GAVE UP BE+ SATISFI$ ) M]E PHRASES1 & LE>N$ TO APPRECIATE !IR REAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,! LAW1 :I* ON ITS FIR/ APPE>ANCE PRES5T$ ITSELF AS A COMP5DIUM ( CU/OMS USEFUL = ! PRES]VATION ( SOCIETY1 IS N[ P]CEIV$ TO BE NO?+ BUT AN 9/RUM5T = ! MA9T5ANCE ( EXPLOITATION1 & ! DOM9ATION ( ! TOIL+ MASSES BY RI* IDL]S4 ,AT ! PRES5T DAY ITS CIVILIZ+ MISSION IS NIL2 IT HAS BUT ONE OBJECT1 TO BOL/] UP EXPLOITATION4  

 ,?IS IS :AT IS TOLD US BY HI/ORY AS TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( LAW4 ,IS IT 9 VIRTUE ( ?IS HI/ORY ?AT WE >E CALL$ UPON TO RESPECT IT8 ,C]TA9LY NOT4 ,IT HAS NO MORE TITLE TO RESPECT ?AN CAPITAL2 ! FRUIT ( PILLAGE2 & ! FIR/ DUTY ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY WILL BE TO MADE A BONFIRE ( ALL EXI/+ LAWS1 AS !Y WILL ( ALL TITLES TO PROP]TY4  

,*APT] ,I,V 

 ,! MILLIONS ( LAWS :I* EXI/ = ! REGULATION ( HUMANITY1 APPE> UPON 9VE/IGATION TO BE DIVID$ 9TO ?REE PR9CIPAL CATEGORIES -- PROTECTION ( PROP]TY1 PROTECTION ( P]SONS1 PROTECTION ( GOV]NM5T4 ,& BY ANALYZ+ EA* ( !SE ?REE CATEGORIES1 WE >RIVE AT ! SAME LOGICAL & NECESS>Y CONCLUSION3 ! USELESSNESS & HURTFULNESS ( LAW4  

 ,SOCIALI/S KN[ :AT IS MEANT BY PROTECTION ( PROP]TY4 ,LAWS ON PROP]TY >E NOT MADE TO GU>ANTEE EI!R TO ! 9DIVIDUAL OR TO SOCIETY ! 5JOYM5T ( ! PRODUCE ( !IR [N LABOR4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y >E MADE TO ROB ! PRODUC] ( A P>T ( :AT HE HAS CREAT$1 & TO SECURE TO C]TA9 O!R PEOPLE ?AT PORTION ( ! PRODUCE :I* !Y HAVE /OL5 EI!R FROM ! PRODUC] OR FROM SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,:51 = EXAMPLE1 ! LAW E/ABLI%ES ,MR4 ,SO-&-,SO@&_?#a#d#f2S RI<T TO A H\SE1 IT IS NOT E/ABLI%+ HIS RI<T TO A COTTAGE HE HAS BUILT = HIMSELF1 OR TO A H\SE HE HAS ]ECT$ ) ! HELP ( SOME ( HIS FRI5DS4 ,9 ?AT CASE NO ONE W\LD HAVE DISPUT$ HIS RI<T4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! LAW IS E/ABLI%+ HIS RI<T TO A H\SE :I* IS NOT ! PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR2 FIR/ ( ALL1 BECAUSE HE HAS HAD IT BUILT = HIM BY O!RS TO :OM HE HAS NOT PAID ! FULL VALUE ( !IR WORK2 & NEXT BECAUSE ?AT H\SE REPRES5TS A SOCIAL VALUE1 :I* HE C\LD NOT HAVE PRODUC$ = HIMSELF4 ,! LAW IS E/ABLI%+ HIS RI<T TO :AT BELONGS TO EV]YBODY 9 G5]AL TO NOBODY 9 P>TICUL>4 ,! SAME H\SE BUILT 9 ! MID/ ( ,SIB]IA W\LD NOT HAVE ! VALUE IT POSSESSES 9 A L>GE T[N1 &1 AS WE KN[1 ?AT VALUE >ISES FROM ! LABOR ( SOME?+ LIKE FIFTY G5]ATIONS ( M5 :O HAVE BUILT ! T[N1 BEAUTIFI$ IT1 SUPPLI$ IT ) WAT] & GAS1 F9E PROM5ADES1 COLLEGES1 !AT]S1 %OPS1 RAILWAYS & ROADS LEAD+ 9 ALL DIRECTIONS4 ,?US1 BY RECOGNIZ+ TO ! RI<T ( ,MR4 ,SO-&-,SO TO A P>TICUL> H\SE 9 ,P>IS1 ,LONDON OR ,R\51 ! LAW IS UNJU/LY APPROPRIAT+ TO HIM A C]TA9 PORTION ( ! PRODUCE ( ! LABOR ( MANK9D 9 G5]AL4 ,& IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ?IS APPROPRIATION & ALL O!R =MS ( PROP]TY1 BE>+ ! SAME *>ACT]1 >E A CRY+ 9JU/ICE1 ?AT A :OLE >S5AL ( LAWS1 & A :OLE >MY ( SOLDI]S1 POLICEM5 & JUDGES >E NE$$ TO MA9TA9 IT AGA9/ ! GOOD S5SE & JU/ FEEL+ 9H]5T 9 HUMANITY4  

  

,LAW & ,AU?ORITY ,COV] ,WELL1 HALF \R LAWS1 ! CIVIL CODE 9 EA* C\NTRY S]VES NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN TO MA9TA9 ?IS APPROPRIATION1 ?IS MONOPOLY = ! B5EFIT ( C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS1 AGA9/ ! :OLE ( MANK9D4 ,?REE-F\R?S ( ! CAUSES DECID$ BY ! TRIBUNALS >E NO?+ BUT QU>RELS BETWE5 MONOPOLI/S -- TWO ROBB]S DISPUT+ OV] !IR BOOTY4 ,& A GREAT MANY ( \R CRIM9AL LAWS HAVE ! SAME OBJECT 9 VIEW1 !IR 5D BE+ TO KEEP ! WORKMAN 9 A SUBORD9ATE POSITION T[>DS HIS EMPLOY]1 & ?US AF=D SECURITY = EXPLOITATION4  

 ,AS = GU>ANTEE+ ! PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR TO ! PRODUC]1 !RE >E NO LAWS :I* EV5 ATTEMPT SU* A ?+4 ,IT IS SO SIMPLE & NATURAL1 SO MU* A P>T ( ! MANN]S & CU/OMS ( MANK9D2 ?AT LAW HAS NOT GIV5 IT SO MU* AS A ?\<T4 ,OP5 BRIG&AGE1 SWORD 9 H&1 IS NO FEATURE ( \R AGE4 ,NEI!R DOES ONE WORKMAN EV] COME & DISPUTE ! PRODUCE ( HIS LABOR ) ANO!R4 ,IF !Y HAVE A MISUND]/&+ !Y SETTLE IT BY CALL+ 9 A ?IRD P]SON1 )\T HAV+ REC\RSE TO LAW4 ,! ONLY P]SON :O EXACTS FROM ANO!R :AT ! O!R HAS PRODUC$1 IS ! PROPRIETOR1 :O COMES 9 & D$UCTS ! LION@&_?#a#d#f2S %>E4 ,AS = HUMANITY 9 G5]AL1 IT EV]Y:]E RESPECTS ! RI<T ( EA* TO :AT HE HAS CREAT$1 )\T ! 9T]POSITION ( ANY SPECIAL LAWS4  

 ,AS ALL ! LAWS AB\T PROP]TY1 :I* MAKE UP ?ICK VOLUMES ( CODES1 & >E ! DELI<T ( \R LAWY]S1 HAVE NO O!R OBJECT ?AN TO PROTECT ! UNJU/ APPROPRIAT+ ( HUMAN LABOR BY C]TA9 MONOPOLI/S1 !RE IS NO REASON = !IR EXI/5CE1 &1 ON ! DAY ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 SOCIAL REVOLUTIONI/S >E ?OR\<LY DET]M9$ TO PUT AN 5D TO !M4 ,9DE$1 A BONFIRE MI<T BE MADE ) P]FECT JU/ICE ( ALL LAWS BE>+ UPON ! SO-CALL$ @&_?#a#d#g2RI<TS ( PROP]TY1@&_?#a#d#h2 ALL TITLE-DE$S1 ALL REGI/]S1 9 A WORD1 ( ALL ?AT IS 9 ANY WAY CONNECT$ ) AN 9/ITUTION :I* WILL SOON BE LOOK$ UPON AS A BLOT 9 ! HI/ORY ( HUMANITY1 AS HUMILIAT+ AS ! SLAV]Y & S]FDOM ( PA/ AGES4  

 ,! REM>KS JU/ MADE UPON LAWS CONC]N+ PROP]TY >E QUITE AS APPLICABLE TO ! SECOND CATEGORY ( LAWS2 ?OSE = ! MA9T5ANCE ( GOV]NM5T1 I4E41 ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,LAW4  

 ,IT AGA9 IS A COMPLETE >S5AL ( LAWS1 DECREES1 ORD9ANCES1 ORD]S 9 C\NCIL1 & :AT NOT1 ALL S]V+ TO PROTECT ! DIV]SE =MS ( REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 DELEGAT$ OR USURP$1 B5EA? :I* HUMANITY IS WRI?+4 ,WE KN[ V]Y WELL -- ,AN>*I/S HAVE (T5 5\< PO9T$ \T 9 !IR P]PETUAL CRITICISM ( ! V>I\S =MS ( GOV]NM5T -- ?AT ! MISSION ( ALL GOV]NM5TS1 MON>*ICAL1 CON/ITUTIONAL1 OR REPUBLICAN1 IS TO PROTECT & MA9TA9 BY =CE ! PRIVILEGES ( ! CLASSES 9 POSSESSION1 ! >I/OCRACY1 CL]GY & TRAD]S4 ,A GOOD ?IRD ( \R LAWS -- & EA* C5TURY POSSESSES SOME T5S ( ?\S&S ( !M -- ! FUNDAM5TAL LAWS ON TAXES1 EXCISE DUTIES1 ! ORGANIZATION ( M9I/]IAL DEP>TM5TS & !IR (FICES1 ( ! >MY1 ! POLICE1 ! ,*UR*1 ETC41 HAVE NO O!R 5D ?AN TO MA9TA91 PAT* UP1 & DEVELOP ! ADM9I/RATIVE MA*9E4 ,& ?IS MA*9E 9 ITS TURN S]VES ALMO/ 5TIRELY TO PROTECT ! PRIVILEGES ( ! POSSESS+ CLASSES4 ,ANALYZE ALL !SE LAWS1 OBS]VE !M 9 ACTION DAY BY DAY1 & Y\ WILL DISCOV] ?AT NOT ONE IS WOR? PRES]V+4  

 ,AB\T SU* LAWS !RE CAN BE NO TWO OP9IONS4 ,NOT ONLY ,AN>*I/S1 BUT MORE OR LESS REVOLUTION>Y RADICALS ALSO1 >E AGRE$ ?AT ! ONLY USE TO BE MADE ( LAWS CONC]N+ ! ORGANIZATION ( GOV]NM5T IS TO FL+ !M 9TO ! FIRE4  

 ,! ?IRD CATEGORY ( LAW /ILL REMA9S TO BE CONSID]$1 ?AT RELAT+ TO ! PROTECTION ( ! P]SON & ! DETECTION & PREV5TION ( @&_?#a#d#g2CRIME4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,?IS IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT1 BECAUSE MO/ PREJUDICES ATTA* TO IT2 BECAUSE1 IF LAW 5JOYS A C]TA9 AM\NT ( CONSID]ATION1 IT IS 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! BELIEF ?AT ?IS SPECIES ( LAW IS ABSOLUTELY 9DISP5SABLE TO ! MA9T5ANCE ( SECURITY 9 \R SOCIETIES4 ,!SE >E LAWS DEVELOP$ FROM ! NUCLEUS ( CU/OMS USEFUL TO HUMAN COMMUNITIES1 :I* HAVE BE5 TURN$ TO ACC\NT BY RUL]S TO SANCTIFY !IR [N DOM9ATION4 ,! AU?ORITY ( ! *IEFS ( TRIBES1 ( RI* FAMILIES 9 T[NS1 & ( ! K+1 DEP5D$ UPON !IR JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS1 & EV5 D[N TO ! PRES5T DAY1 :5EV] ! NECESSITY ( GOV]NM5T IS SPOK5 (1 ITS FUNCTION AS SUPREME JUDGE IS ! ?+ IMPLI$4 @&_?#a#d#g2,)\T A GOV]NM5T M5 W\LD TE> ONE ANO!R TO PIECES1@&_?#a#d#h2 >GUES ! VILLAGE ORATOR4 @&_?#a#d#g2,! ULTIMATE 5D ( ALL GOV]NM5T IS TO SECURE TWELVE HONE/ JURYM5 TO EV]Y ACCUS$ P]SON1@&_?#a#d#h2 SAID .<,$MOND.> ,BURKE4  

 ,WELL1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! PREJUDICES EXI/+ ON ?IS SUBJECT1 IT IS QUITE TIME ?AT AN>*I/S %\LD BOLDLY DECL>E ?IS CATEGORY IS AS USELESS & 9JURI\S AS ! PREC$+ ONES4  

 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 AS TO SO-CALL$ @&_?#a#d#g2CRIMES@&_?#a#d#h2 -- ASSAULTS UPON P]SONS -- IT IS WELL-KN[N ?AT TWO-?IRDS1 & (T5 AS MANY AS ?REE-F\R?S1 ( SU* @&_?#a#d#g2CRIMES@&_?#a#d#h2 >E 9/IGAT$ BY ! DESIRE TO OBTA9 POSSESSION ( SOMEONE@&_?#a#d#f2S WEAL?4 ,?IS IMM5SE CLASS ( SO-CALL$ @&_?#a#d#g2CRIMES & MISDEMEANORS@&_?#a#d#h2 WILL DISAPPE> ON ! DAY ON :I* PRIVATE PROP]TY CEASES TO EXI/4 @&_?#a#d#g2,BUT1@&_?#a#d#h2 IT WILL BE SAID1 @&_?#a#d#g2!RE WILL ALWAYS BE BRUTES :O WILL ATTEMPT ! LIVES ( !IR FELL[ CITIZ5S1 :O WILL LAY !IR H&S TO A KNIFE 9 EV]Y QU>REL1 & REV5GE ! SLI<TE/ (F5SE BY MURD]1 IF !RE >E NOT LAWS TO RE/RA9 & PUNI%M5TS TO )HOLD !M4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,?IS REFRA9 IS REPEAT$ EV]Y TIME ! RI<T ( SOCIETY TO PUNI% IS CALL$ 9 QUE/ION4  

 ,YET !RE IS ONE FACT UPON ?IS HEAD :I* AT ! PRES5T TIME1 IS ?OR\<LY E/ABLI%$2 ! SEV]ITY ( PUNI%M5T DOES NOT DIM9I% ! AM\NT ( CRIME4 ,HANG1 &1 IF Y\ LIKE1 QU>T] MURD]]S1 & ! NUMB] ( MURD]S WILL NOT DECREASE BY ONE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ABOLI% ! P5ALTY ( DEA?1 & !RE WILL NOT BE ONE MURD] MORE2 !RE WILL BE FEW]4 ,/ATI/ICS PROVE IT4 ,BUT IF ! H>VE/ IS GOOD1 & BREAD *EAP1 & ! WEA!R F9E1 ! NUMB] ( MURD]S IMM$IATELY DECREASES4 ,?IS AGA9 IS PROV$ BY /ATI/ICS4 ,! AM\NT ( CRIME ALWAYS AUGM5TS & DIM9I%ES 9 PROPORTION TO ! PRICE ( PROVISIONS & ! /ATES ( ! WEA!R4 ,NOT ?AT ALL MURD]S >E ACTUAT$ BY HUNG]4 ,?AT IS NOT ! CASE4 ,BUT :5 ! H>VE/ IS GOOD & PROVISIONS >E AT AN OBTA9ABLE PRICE1 & :5 ! SUN %9ES1 M51 LI<T] HE>T$ & LESS MIS]ABLE ?AN USUAL1 DO NOT GIVE WAY TO GLOOMY PASSIONS1 DO NOT FROM TRIVIAL MOTIVES1 PLUNGE A KNIFE 9TO ! BOSOM ( A FELL[ CREATURE4  

 ,MOREOV]1 IT IS ALSO A WELL-KN[N FACT ?AT ! FE> ( PUNI%M5T HAS NEV] /OPP$ A S+LE MURD]]4 ,HE :O KILLS HIS NEI<BOR FROM REV5GE OR MIS]Y DOES NOT REASON MU* AB\T CONSEQU5CE2 & !RE HAVE BE5 FEW MURD]]S :O W]E NOT FIRMLY CONV9C$ ?AT !Y %\LD ESCAPE PROSECUTION4  

 ,)\T SPEAK+ ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* A MAN WILL RECEIVE A BETT] $UCATION1 9 :I* ! DEVELOPM5T ( ALL HIS FACULTIES1 & ! POSSIBILITY ( EX]CIS+ !M1 WILL PROCURE HIM SO MANY 5JOYM5TS1 ?AT HE WILL NOT SEEK TO POISON !M BY REMORSE -- )\T SPEAK+ ( ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE -- EV5 9 \R SOCIETY1 EV5 ) ?OSE SAD PRODUCTS ( MIS]Y1 :OM WE SEE TO-DAY 9 ! PUBLIC-H\SES ( GREAT CITIES- ON ! DAY :5 NO PUNI%M5T IS 9FLICT$ UPON MURD]]S1 ! NUMB] ( MURD]S WILL NOT AUGM5T BY A S+LE CASE2 & IT IS EXTREMELY PROBABLE ?AT IT WILL BE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 DIM9I%$ BY ALL ?OSE CASES :I* >E DUE AT PRES5T TO HABITUAL CRIM9ALS1 :O HAVE BE5 BRUTALIZ$ 9 PRISON4  

 ,WE >E CONT9UALLY BE+ TOLD ( ! B5EFITS CONF]R$ BY LAW1 & ! B5EFICIAL EFFECT ( P5ALTIES1 BUT HAVE ! SPEAK]S EV] ATTEMPT$ TO /RIKE A BALANCE BETWE5 ! B5EFITS ATTRIBUT$ TO LAWS & P5ALTIES1 & ! DEGRAD+ EFFECT ( !SE P5ALTIES UPON HUMANITY8 ,ONLY CALCULATE ALL ! EVIL PASSIONS AWAK5$ 9 MANK9D BY ! ATROCI\S PUNI%M5TS =M]LY 9FLICT$ 9 \R /REETS6 ,MAN IS ! CRUELE/ ANIMAL UPON E>?2 & :O HAS PAMP]$ & DEVELOP$ ! CRUEL 9/9CTS UNKN[N1 EV5 AMONG MONKEYS2 IS IT IS NOT ! K+1 ! JUDGE1 & ! PRIE/S1 >M$ ) LAW1 :O CAUS$ FLE% TO BE TORN (F 9 /RIPS1 BOIL+ PIT* TO BE P\R$ 9TO W\NDS1 LIMBS TO BE DISLOCAT$1 BONES TO BE CRU%$1 M5 TO BE SAWN ASUND] TO MA9TA9 !IR AU?ORITY8 ,ONLY E/IMATE ! TORR5T ( DEPRAVITY LET LOOSE 9 HUMAN SOCIETY BY ! @&_?#a#d#g29=M+@&_?#a#d#h2 :I* IS C\NT5ANC$ BY JUDGES1 & PAID 9 H>D CA% BY GOV]NM5TS1 UND] PRETEXT ( ASSI/+ 9 ! DISCOV]Y ( 0CRIME40 ,ONLY GO 9TO ! JAILS & /UDY :AT MAN BECOMES :5 HE IS DEPRIV$ ( FRE$OM & %UT UP ) O!R DEPRAV$ BE+S1 /EEP$ 9 ! VICE & CORRUPTION :I* OOZES FROM ! V]Y WALLS ( \R EXI/+ PRISONS4 ,ONLY REMEMB] ?AT ! MORE !SE PRISONS >E RE=M$1 ! MORE DETE/ABLE !Y BECOME2 \R MODEL MOD]N P5IT5TI>IES >E A HUNDR$-FOLD MORE ABOM9ABLE ?AN ! DUNGEONS ( ! MIDDLE AGES4 ,F9ALLY1 CONSID] :AT CORRUPTION1 DEPRAVITY ( M9D1 IS KEPT UP AMONG M5 BY IDEA ( OB$I5CE1 ! V]Y ESS5CE ( LAW2 ( *A/ISEM5T2 ( AU?ORITY HAV+ ! RI<T TO PUNI%1 TO JUDGE IRRESPECTIVE ( \R CONSCI5CE & ! E/EEM ( \R FRI5DS2 ( ! NECESSITY = EXECUTION]S1 JAIL]S & 9=M]S -- 9 A WORD1 BY ALL ! ATTRIBUTES ( LAW & AU?ORITY4 ,CONSID] ALL ?IS1 & Y\ WILL ASSUR$LY AGREE ) US 9 SAY+ ?AT A LAW 9FLICT+ P5ALTIES IS AN ABOM9ATION :I* %\LD CEASE TO EXI/4  

 ,PEOPLES )\T POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 & !RE=E LESS DEPRAV$ ?AN \RSELVES1 HAVE P]FECTLY UND]/OOD ?AT ! MAN :O IS CALL$ @&_?#a#d#g2CRIM9AL@&_?#a#d#h2 IS SIMPLY UN=TUNATE2 ?AT ! REM$Y IS NOT TO FLOG HIM1 TO *A9 HIM UP1 OR TO KILL HIM ON ! SCAFFOLD OR 9 PRISON1 BUT TO RELIEVE HIM BY ! MO/ BRO!RLY C>E1 BY TREATM5T BAS$ ON EQUALITY1 BY ! USAGES ( LIFE AMONG HONE/ M54 ,9 ! NEXT REVOLUTION WE HOPE ?AT ?IS CRY WILL GO =?3  

 @&_?#a#d#g2,BURN ! GUILLOT9E2 DEMOLI% ! PRISONS2 DRIVE AWAY ! JUDGES1 POLICEM5 & 9=M]S -- ! IMPURE/ RACE UPON ! FACE ( ! E>?2 TREAT AS A BRO!R ! MAN :O HAS BE5 L$ BY PASSION TO DO ILL TO HIS FELL[2 ABOVE ALL TAKE FROM ! IGNOBLE PRODUCTS ( MIDDLE-CLASS IDL5ESS ! POSSIBILITY ( DISPLAY+ !IR VICES 9 ATTRACTIVE COLORS2 & BE SURE ?AT BUT FEW CRIMES WILL M> \R SOCIETY4@&_?#a#d#h2  

 ,! MA9 SUPPORTS ( CRIME >E IDL5ESS1 LAW & AU?ORITY2 LAWS AB\T PROP]TY1 AB\T GOV]NM5T1 LAWS AB\T P5ALTIES & MISDEMEANORS2 & AU?ORITY1 :I* TAKES UPON ITSELF TO MANUFACTURE !SE LAWS & TO APPLY !M4  

 ,NO MORE LAWS6 ,NO MORE JUDGES6 ,LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 & PRACTICAL HUMAN SYMPA?Y >E ! ONLY EFFECTUAL B>RI]S WE CAN OPPOSE TO ! ANTI-SOCIAL 9/9CTS ( C]TA9 AMONG US4  

7,S\RCE3 ,PUBLI%$ 9 #ahhf BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%+ ,COMPANY4  ,O!R PUBLICATIONS 9CLUDE3 ,LONDON3 ,WILLIAM ,REEVES1 #hc ,*>+ ,CROSS ,ROAD1 ,W4 ,C44  ,TEXT S\RC$ FROM PR9T$ V]SION BY ! ,NEW ,TEMPLE ,PRESS1 ,NORBURY ,CRESC5T1 ,NORBURT1 ,S4,W47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhe 3 ,LAW & ,AU?ORITY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,LAW & ,AU?ORITY -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,LAW & ,AU?ORITY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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