,L& ,RI<TS 9 ,BRITA9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,:,O,S,E ,L,& ,I,S ,I,T ,A,N,Y,W,A,Y8 

  

,CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*I/S FOCUS !IR ACTIVITIES ON ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASS & ! BOSSES4 ,! /RUGGLE HAS TRADITIONALLY BE5 9 MANUFACTUR+ 9DU/RIES BUT 9CREAS+LY IT IS RECOGNIZ$ ?AT CAPITALISM HAS EXP&$ 9TO S]VICES SU* AS RETAIL+1 BANK+ & LEISURE4 ,! ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS1 ( CAPITALISM REPLAC+ FEUDALISM1 HAS BE5 TAK5 ON BO>D & ! IMAGE ( ! RUL+ CLASS AS 9DU/RIALI/S & F9ANCI]S IS ONE ?AT WE HAVE 9 \R HEADS :5 WE ?9K ( ! CLASS 5EMY4 ,!Y >E ! S\RCE ( P[]1 ! [N]S ( CAPITAL4 ,?\< WE ALL HATE ! ,ROYALS & FRO? AT ! M\? AT ! IDEA ( ! >I/OS 5JOY+ !IR HUNTS & BALLS1 IT IS NOT ! L& [N+ >I/OCRACY :I* >E CONSID]$ TO BE ! MA9 S\RCE ( CAPITALI/ P[] BUT RA!R !Y >E SE5 AS REMNANTS ( FEUDALISM4 ,MO/ AN>*I/S LIVE 9 URBAN >EAS1 ALONG ) ! RE/ ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,WE DON'T USUALLY COME 9TO CONTACT ) ! L& [N+ P>T ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,SOME ( US GOT \R FIR/ GLIMPSE ( !M :ILE PROTE/+ AT ! ,C\NTRYSIDE ,ALLIANCE DEMO4 ,&1 AS ! P]C5TAGE ( PEOPLE EMPLOY$ ON ! L& IS UND] #b.01 IT IS NOT ! AGRICULTURAL OR =E/RY WORK]S ?AT >E ! FOCUS ( \R ACTIVITY4 

,BUT 9 ?IS >TICLE WE SEE ! L&[N]S AS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 BO? 9 ! S5SE ( HOLD+ REAL ECONOMIC P[] & 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL ROLE !Y PLAY 9 KEEP+ ! WORK+ CLASS 9 !IR PLACE4 ,! ,C\NTRYSIDE ,ALLIANCE DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,LONDON MAY HAVE HAD ! PURPOSE ( =C+ ! GOV]NM5T TO BACK D[N ON ANY PLANS = *ANGE SU* AS BANN+ FOXHUNT+1 BUT ! PRES5CE ( ?\S&S ( 'C\NTRY FOLK' ON ! /REETS ( ,LONDON %\LD S5D US ANO!R MESSAGE4 ,! L& [N+ CLASS & !IR LACKEYS >E A FUNDAM5TAL P>T ( ! ,BRITI% RUL+ CLASS & >E IMM5SELY P[]FUL & WELL-ORGANIZ$4 ,WE IGNORE !M AT \R P]IL4 

,L&[N]S EX]CISE !IR ROLE ?REE WAYS3 AS MEMB]S ( ! RUL+ CLASS3 ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL P[]4 ,MO/ ( ! 9=MATION = ?IS >TICLE CAME FROM ,M>ION ,%O>D'S EXCELL5T BOOK1 ,?IS ,L& IS ,\R ,L&1 BUT ! 9T]PRETATION IS \R [N4 ,SOME ( ! FACTS MI<T APPE> TO BE \T ( DATE S9CE ! ORIG9AL BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#h#g1 BUT AS %E PO9TS \T 9 H] #aiig UP-DATE1 NO?+ HAS REALLY *ANG$4 

,ECONOMIC ,P[] 

  

,DESPITE PROPAG&A AB\T IMPOV]I%$ >I/OS & ! SUPPOS$ 9CREASE 9 L& [N]%IP BY ! GOV]NM5T & ! ,NATIONAL ,TRU/1 >\ND #h.0 ( ,BRITA9'S L& IS 9 PRIVATE H&S4 ,A H>D CORE ( TITL$ FAMILIES [N ALMO/ #a_/#c ( ,BRITA91 ) #b_/#c ( !SE [N+ AT LEA/ #e1 ACRES4 ,AN EXAMPLE ( ?IS IS ! ,DUKE ( ,BUCCLEU* :O [NS #b#g#g1 ACRES ( ,SCOTL& & #a#a1 ACRES ( ,NOR?AMPTON%IRE4 ,! REMA9+ L& 9 PRIVATE H&S IS EI!R [N$ BY UNTITL$ B>ONS OR [N]-OCCUPI]S4 ,BUT DESPITE ! IMAGE ( ! /RUGGL+ F>M] PROMOT$ BY ! ,C\NTRYSIDE ,ALLIANCE1 ! AV]AGE F>M SIZE IS #ag ACRES1 MU* HI<] ?AN ! AV]AGE 9 ! RE/ ( ! ,E,C4 ,! AV]AGE W\LD BE EV5 HI<] IF ,NOR!RN ,IREL& W]E EXCLUD$ AS !RE IS A GREAT] P]C5TAGE ( SMALL F>M]S !RE ?AN 9 ,BRITA94 ,& ! T5D5CY HAS BE5 TO MOVE FROM SMALL] TO L>G] F>MS4 ,:5 A F>M IS SOLD IT IS O!R F>M]S ?AT BUY IT1 FUR!R 9CREAS+ ! CONC5TRATION ( L&4 ,MO/ PEOPLE C\LD NEV] ?9K ( BUY+ L& AS ! PRICE HAS DRAMATICALLY 9CREAS$ 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,IT IS !RE=E A CLOSE-KNIT GR\P ( PEOPLE :O [N & CONTROL ! VA/ MAJORITY ( L& 9 ,BRITA94 ,WE HAVE NOT EV5 DISCUSS$ ! ,CR[N'S HOLD+S :I* >E DI/9CT FROM PRIVATE L&[N]S4 ,!SE HOLD+S >E 5ORM\S3 #c#c#e1 ACRES ( F>ML&1 #c#h1#b#h#e ACRES ( COMM]CIAL =E/1 ! 5TIRE %OREL9E1 HALF ! =E%ORE1 TO NAME JU/ SOME ( ! PROP]TIES6 ,! ,QUE5'S PRIVATE HOLD+S >E SEP>ATE & C\NT AS PRIVATE L&4 ,!SE 9CLUDE #e1 AT ,BALMORAL1 #b1 ACRES AT ,S&R+HAM & #e1 ACRES ( ,LANCA/]4 

,[N+ L& MAY NOT APPE> TO CONF] ECONOMIC P[] & WEAL? 9 AN ECONOMY DOM9AT$ BY 9DU/RY & COMM]CE4 ,MANY L&[N]S LIKE TO GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT IT IS A GREAT BURD54 ,IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO DISPROVE !IR CLAIM AS EXACT /ATI/ICS DO NOT EXI/4 ,! ,ROYAL ,COMMISSION ON ! ,DI/RIBUTION ( ,9COME & ,WEAL? HAD JU/ BEGUN ITS WORK :5 IT WAS ABOLI%$ ?REE MON?S AFT] ,?AT*] CAME TO P[] 9 #a#i#g#i4 ,BUT1 O!R FIGURES CAN GIVE SOME 9DICATION ( H[ WEAL?Y L&[N]S >E4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ( ! #a PEOPLE BETWE5 #aig & #aigi :O LEFT OV] FIVE MILLION P\NDS :5 !Y DI$1 FIVE W]E L&[N]S4 ,LOOK$ AT MORE C>EFULLY1 EV5 )\T EXACT FIGURES1 L& [N]%IP CLE>LY BR+S 5ORM\S B5EFITS4 

,! VALUE ( ! L& ITSELF IS ! FIR/ S\RCE ( WEAL?4 ,S9CE ! ,DEVELOPM5T L& TAX WAS ABOLI%$ 9 #a#i#h#e1 GA9S FROM AN 9CREASE 9 L& VALUES >E SUBJECT ONLY TO A CAPITAL GA9S TAX4 ,9 ONE CASE ,G,B,P#a#a MILLION WAS MADE :5 AN >EA WAS RELEAS$ = DEVELOPM5T2 A TIDY SUM = NOT DO+ ANY?+6 ,O!R WAYS ( MAK+ MONEY FROM ! L& 9CLUDE LEAS+ IT \T TO F>M]S1 HUNT+ & FI%+ RI<TS & M9+4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,DUKE ( ,D]BY%IRE RECEIVES AN E/IMAT$ ,G,B,P#a4#h MILLION 9 ROYALTIES EV]Y YE> = ! M9+ ( ,D]BY%IRE LIME/ONE4 ,EV5 :5 COAL WAS NATIONALIZ$1 L&[N]S MADE A KILL+4 ,! GOV]NM5T PAID \T ,G,B,P#b1#h#g#e MILLION AT #aihe PRICES4 ,9 ADDITION1 ?\< L&[N]S >E ASSOCIAT$ ) ! C\NTRYSIDE1 !SE 'RURAL' L&[N]S [N MU* ( URBAN ,BRITA94 ,! MO/ WELL-KN[N EXAMPLE IS ! ,DUKE ( ,WE/M9/] :O [NS A L>GE *UNK ( C5TRAL ,LONDON 9CLUD+ ,MAYFAIR & ,BELGRAVIA4 

,IT IS AGRICULTURE & =E/RY :I* BR+ ! GREATE/ B5EFITS4 ,! OBVI\S ADVANTAGE IS ! RECEIV+ ( SUBSIDIES4 ,F>M]S >E EXEMPT FROM RATES ON AGRICULTURAL L& & BUILD+S :I* WAS E/IMAT$ TO BE WOR? ,G,B,P#c#f MILLION 9 #a#i#h#d-#h#e4 ,!Y >E ALSO EXEMPT FROM PAY+ ,V,A,T1 WOR? ,G,B,P#c MILLION1 & CAN AV]AGE !IR PR(ITS OV] #e YE>S = TAX PURPOSES4 ,IT IS E/IMAT$ ?AT ! COMB9$ B5EFIT FROM ALL ! SUBSIDIES COMES TO ,G,B,P#b1 P] YE> P] F>M]4 ,?IS DOESN'T 9CLUDE ANY?+ !Y ACTUALLY E>N FROM SALES4 ,=E/RY IS ANO!R GOOD S\RCE ( 9COME 7& H&-\TS74 ,!RE HAS BE5 A GREAT 9CREASE 9 AF=E/ATION 9 REC5T YE>S ( :I* #h.0 IS 9 ! PRIVATE SECTOR4 ,?IS MAY S\ND LIKE A GOOD ?+1 BUT ! PLANT+ HAS BE5 #i#e.0 CONIF]S :I* (F] A QUICK RETURN & CAUSE MANY ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS4 

,IT IS >GU$ ?AT DESPITE ALL ?IS WEAL?1 IT IS SOON TAK5 BY ! GOV]NM5T ?R\< 9H]ITANCE TAXES4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS MISLEAD+4 ,! 9H]ITANCE TAX SY/EM WAS AM5D$ BY ,?AT*] & IT IS EASY TO TRANSF] L& TO HEIRS AS LONG AS IT IS DONE BE=E DEA?4 ,ANO!R SY/EM US$ IS TO SET UP A ,TRU/4 ,!RE=E1 L& [N]%IP IS CLE>LY A MAJOR S\RCE ( WEAL? & P[] OV] KEY ASPECTS ( ! ECONOMY ?AT HAS FEW1 IF ANY1 DISADVANTAGES4 

,POLITICAL ,P[] 

  

,ALONG ) ECONOMIC P[] GOES POLITICAL P[]4 ,FIR/LY1 !RE IS ! P[] OV] ! EMPLOYES4 #g.0 ( AGRICULTURAL WORK]S LIVE 9 TI$ COTTAGES4 ,IT IS NOT REALLY SURPRIS+ ?AT SO MANY F>M & E/ATE WORK]S ATT5D$ ! ,C\NTRYSIDE ,ALLIANCE DEMOS4 ,?\< NOT ! ONLY REASON1 !IR DEP5D5CE ON !IR EMPLOY] IS C]TA9LY A FACTOR4 ,L&[N]S ALSO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 LOCAL POLITICS4 ,9 #a#i#h#a1 MEMB]%IP ( C\NTY C\NCILS HAD A DISPROPORTIONATE NUMB] ( L&[N]S & F>M]S4 ,9 ,L9COLN%IRE1 = EXAMPLE1 !Y REPRES5T #b.0 ( ! POPULATION BUT MADE UP #b#b.0 ( C\NCIL MEMB]S4 ,!Y ALSO HAVE CONTROL OV] O!R IMPORTANT 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9 #a#i#h#c-#h#d ! *AIRMAN ( ALL #i WAT] AU?ORITIES' AGRICULTURE & DRA9AGE COMMITTEES W]E F>M]S4 

,!IR P[] EXT5DS EV5 BEYOND ! LOCALITY4 ,?\< !Y REPRES5T$ ONLY #i.0 ( ,M,PS 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS 9 #a#i#h#c1 !Y OBVI\SLY DOM9ATE 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,LORDS4 ,9 ADDITION1 ONE-?IRD ( ,?AT*]'S CAB9ET 9 #aihe W]E L&[N]S4 ,!Y ALSO APPE> 9 A :OLE RANGE ( O!R CAPACITIES3 ,NATIONAL ,P>K ,BO>DS1 ,C\NTRYSIDE ,COMMISSIONS & ,NATURE ,CONS]VANCY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,MR4 ,DUNN+ IS AN EXECUTIVE MEMB] ( ! ,C\NTRY ,L&[N]S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,HE RUNS HIS [N #g ACRE F>M 9 ! ,LAKE ,DI/RICT & WAS APPO9T$ 9 #aiga TO ! LAKE ,DI/RICT ,SPECIAL ,PLANN+ ,BO>D TO REPRES5T ! NATIONAL CONS]VATION & RECREATION 9T]E/ 9 ! PLANN+ ( ! ,LAKE ,DI/RICT NATIONAL P>K4 ,HE IS *AIRMAN ( ,RURAL ,VOICE & SPOKE AT ! ,CONS]VATIVE ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE 9 #a#i#h#e4 ,HE IS ALSO A MEMB] ( ! ,=E/RY ,COMMISSION WORK+ GR\P4 ,! LI/ GOES ON6 ,& ,DUNN+ IS NOT EV5 AN >I/O6 

,! POLITICAL 9FLU5CE ( ! L&[N]S CAN BE SE5 EV5 MORE CLE>LY 9 ! F>M+ & =E/RY LOBBIES4 ,! MA9 LOBBIES 9CLUDE ! ,C\NTRY ,L&[N]S ,ASSOCIATION 7,C,L,A71 ! ,SCOTTI% ,L&[N]S ,ASSOCIATION & ! ,NATIONAL ,F>M]S ,UNION4 ,MO/ ( ! ,C,L,A'S WORK IS DONE BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS ?R\< A LONG-E/ABLI%$ HI/ORY ( P]SONAL CONTACTS4 ,TO SUCCE$1 ! ,C,L,A DOESN'T HAVE TO A*IEVE ANY?+ BUT JU/ /OP ANYONE ELSE FROM *ANG+ ! /ATUS QUO4 ,EXAMPLES ( !IR ACCOMPLI%M5TS 9CLUDE REMOVAL ( 9VE/M5T SUR*>GE1 ABOLITION ( ?REE G5]ATION SECURITY = T5ANTS1 ! R$UCTION ( ! CAPITAL TRANSF] TAX AS WELL AS MANY FEATURES 7E4G4 TRESPASS7 ( ! ,CRIM9AL ,JU/ICE ,ACT4 

,! ,NATIONAL ,F>M]S ,UNION1 9 ADDITION TO CONTACTS 9 HI< PLACES1 RELIES ON A MASSIVE PUBLICITY MA*9E4 ,9 #aihe !Y SP5T ,G,B,P#h4#h MILLION COMP>$ TO ! ,G,B,P#c#e1 SP5T BY ! ,RAMBL]S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,!Y HAVE ACTIVE LOCAL BRAN*ES :O LOBBY LOCAL ,M,PS AS WELL AS MA9TA9+ DAILY CONTACT ) CIVIL S]VANTS4 ,9 #aihc !Y HAD AN AV]AGE ( #d4#f BROADCA/S A WEEK4 ,!Y KEEP A TAB ON PUBLIC OP9ION SO ?AT !Y CAN ACT QUICKLY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 WE N[ SEE A NUMB] ( ADS = EAT+ MEAT1 AN OBVI\S RESPONSE TO ! 9CREASE 9 VEGET>IANISM4 ,! ,=E/RY LOBBY IS ALSO P[]FUL BUT !Y DON'T NE$ TO MANIPULATE CIVIL S]VANTS OR PUBLIC OP9ION TO ! SAME EXT5T BECAUSE ! ,=E/RY ,COMMISSION HAS BE5 RUN BY L&[N]S S9CE IT WAS SET UP 9 #a#i#a#i6 

,!RE >E :OLE ASPECTS ( L& [N+ P[] ?AT WE KN[ NO?+ AB\T BECAUSE ( ! SECRECY SURR\ND+ 9=MATION ON :O [NS :AT4 ,!RE IS NO PUBLIC L& REGI/RY OP5 TO ! PUBLIC OR EV5 TO GOV]NM5T (FICIALS1 V]Y UNLIKE ! DOCUM5TATION ON ! [N]%IP ( COMPANIES :I* IS V]Y DETAIL$ & ACCESSIBLE4 ,?IS SECRECY ALONE GIVES 5ORM\S P[] AS ! GOV]NM5T CANNOT =MULATE POLICY ON L& IF !Y DON'T KN[ ! BASIC FACTS1 EV5 IF !Y DID WANT TO DO ANY?+4 

,WE MU/ ALSO KEEP 9 M9D ?AT ! L&[N]S >E NOT REALLY A DI/9CT P>T ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,RURAL L&[N]S 9 FACT [N MANY URBAN PROP]TIES & HAVE CONTROL OV] ! MAJOR PRIM>Y 9DU/RIES ?AT =M ! BASIS ( ANY ECONOMY4 ,9 ADDITION1 MANY L&[N]S >E ALSO 9DU/RIALI/S OR F9ANCI]S OR BO?4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,B5WELLS 9 ,NEWCA/LE W5T FROM BE+ L&[N]S TO 9DU/RIALI/S & N[ >E BO?1 WIELD+ CONSID]ABLE P[] 9 BO? /ATE & F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,AS ,%O>D PUTS IT1 0= P[]1 H[EV] IT ORIG9ATES1 T5DS TO TURN 9TO L& [N+ P[]0 7P4 #a#i#e74 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ( NOT ONLY ! ECONOMIC OV]LAPS1 ) BANKS 9VE/+ 9 L&1 M$IA MAGNATES BUY+ UP ,HI<L& E/ATES ETC41 BUT BECAUSE ( ! IDEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL ROLE ?AT ! L&[N]S PLAY 9 MA9TA9+ ! COH]5CE ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 

,IDEOLOGICAL ,P[] 

  

,S9CE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION ?OSE CAPITALI/S :O MADE !IR MONEY FROM 9DU/RY & LAT] F9ANCE HAVE ALL ASPIR$ TO BE LIKE ! L& [N+ >I/OCRACY 9 T]MS ( !IR WAY ( LIFE4 ,! 9DU/RIALI/S MAY HAVE HAD GREAT WEAL?1 BUT ! L&[N]S HAD 'CULTURAL CAPITAL'4 ,EV5 IF 9DU/RIALI/S DIDN'T BUY L& !MSELVES1 !Y W]E 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! 'CLUB' ?R\< P>TICIPATION 9 A C]TA9 WAY ( LIFE :I* 9CLUDES BLOOD SPORTS4 ,?IS IS NOT ONLY TRUE ( 9DU/RIALI/S BUT ALSO ( ! NON->I/OCRATIC F>M]S ( ALL SIZES4 ,MANY ( ,SCOTL&'S E/ATES HAVE BE5 B\<T BY MILLIONAIRES :O WANT TO PRET5D ?AT !Y HAVE 'BRE$+'4 ,A CLASSIC EXAMPLE IS ( ,AM]ICAN BILLIONAIRE ,KLUGE :OSE NEW WIFE 7AN EX-WIFE ( ,RUSSELL ,GAY1 PORN MAGNATE & H]SELF A SMALL-TIME PORN />7 WAS OBSESS$ ) ! ,BRITI% >I/OCRACY4 ,HE B\<T H] ! ,M> ,LODGE E/ATE1 JU/ D[N ! ROAD FROM ,BALMORAL 9 ! ,CAIRNGORMS1 AS A BIR?DAY PRES5T4 ,IT IS N[ 9 ! H&S ( ! ,NATIONAL ,TRU/ = ,SCOTL&1 SOLD :5 ,KLUGE GOT DIVORC$4 

,HUNT+ IS A SYMBOL ( ! RUL+ CLASS & ! RITUALS 9VOLV$ 9 FOXHUNT+1 PHEASANT & GR\SE %OOT+ & DE] /ALK+ HAVE A P[]FUL IDEOLOGICAL ROLE 9 9TEGRAT+ ALL SECTIONS ( ! RUL+ CLASS AS WELL AS 5SUR+ ! LOYALTY ( ! SMALL F>M]S & EMPLOYES :O >E CAU<T UP 9 ! *>ADE4 ,! IMPORTANCE ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS PUTS ON BLOOD SPORTS IS %[N 9 ! L5G?S !Y W5T TO MOBILIZE TWO MASS DEMON/RATIONS = ! FIR/ TIME EV]1 ESS5TIALLY = ! PURPOSE ( DEFEAT+ ! ANTI FOXHUNT+ BILL4 ,IT CAN ALSO BE SE5 9 ! \TRAGE & SUBSEQU5T BEH9D-! SC5ES MANEUV]+ ?AT IS TAK+ PLACE AS A RESULT ( ! ,NATIONAL ,TRU/ BANN+ /AG HUNT+ ) H\NDS ON !IR L&4 

,IT IS ! IMAGE ( A 'WAY ( LIFE' ?AT PROPS UP ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,?IS IS CLOSELY L9K$ ) ! ,ROYAL FAMILY :O EPITOMIZE ?IS1 PORTRAY$ AS ! PAT]NALI/IC1 C>+ GU>DIANS ( ALL ?AT IS 'TRADITIONALLY' ,BRITI%4 ,?IS 'TRADITIONAL ,BRITA9' IS SYNONYM\S ) RURAL ,BRITA94 ,! MESSAGE IS ?AT IF ! 'C\NTRYSIDE' WAY ( LIFE DISAPPE>$1 !N ,BRITA9 ITSELF W\LD BE DE/ROY$4 ,DESPITE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION & ! FACT ?AT ,BRITA9 HAS LITTLE ( ITS ECONOMY DEVOT$ TO AGRICULTURE OR =E/RY1 IT IS AMAZ+ ?AT IT IS 'RURAL' ,BRITA9 :I* IS ! SYMBOL ( ! S\L ( ! NATION4 

,IT IS A P[]FUL MESSAGE & GIVES ! L&[N]S A PIVOTAL ROLE )9 ! RUL+ CLASS ?AT IS MU* GREAT] ?AN !IR ECONOMIC & OV]T POLITICAL P[] W\LD SUGGE/4 ,9 ADDITION1 IT IS ! L&[N]S :O ?R\< !IR ACTIVITIES & CONTROL ( ! L& HAVE ! MO/ IMPACT ON ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,MANY AN>*I/S & CAMPAIGN]S SU* AS HUNT SABOTEURS & ANTI-ROADS PROTE/]S WILL ALREADY BE AW>E ( ?IS4 ,?IS AW>5ESS MU/ BE SPREAD TO ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE & ! L&[N]S MU/ BE MADE A FOCUS ( \R /RUGGLES AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 

,ORGANIZE6 WILL BE LOOK+ 9 MORE DETAIL AT ! L&[N]S & !IR RELATION%IP TO CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ! NEXT FEW ISSUES4 ,?IS S]IES WILL 9CLUDE3 A HI/ORICAL BACKGR\ND TO L& [N]%IP & PREVI\S /RUGGLES1 BLOOD SPORTS1 AGRICULTURE1 CONS]VATION & ! 5VIRONM5T & ! RI<T TO ROAM & ACCESS4 

,G,E,T ,(,F ,M,Y ,L,&6 

  

,?IS IS ! MESSAGE ! L&[N]S ( ,BRITA9 HAVE BE5 GIV+ WORK+ PEOPLE ?R\<\T ! C5TURIES4 ,& ?IS MESSAGE REMA9S ! SAME TODAY4 ,) ! GOV]NM5T BACK+ D[N 7:AT A SURPRISE67 ON ITS ,RI<T TO ,ROAM LEGISLATION ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE REMA9 NOT ONLY EXCLUD$ FROM ! L& UNLESS ! L&[N] DEIGNS TO GRANT ACCESS1 BUT ALSO EXCLUD$ FROM ANY DECISION-MAK+ AB\T :AT IS DONE ) ?IS L&4 ,WE NE$ TO QUE/ION ?IS MY? ( L& '[N]%IP'4 ,=1 9 FACT1 ! :OLE L&-[N+ SY/EM IS BAS$ ON !FT4 ,TO UND]/& ?IS WE NE$ TO GO BACK TO ! TIMES ( ! ,NORMAN ,CONQUE/4 

,)\T ROMANTICIZ+ ! ,SAXON P]IOD 7SLAV]Y WAS WIDE-SPREAD & IT WAS CLE>LY A CLASS SY/EM71 PEASANTS BE=E ! ,NORMAN CONQUE/ HAD A C]TA9 CONTROL OV] ! L&4 ,FREE1 9DEP5D5T PEASANT [N]S CALL$ CEORLS CULTIVAT$ !IR [N >EAS4 ,!Y [$ C]TA9 DUTIES TO ! K+1 BUT !RE W]E NO NON-CULTIVAT+ L&[N]S4 ,?IS SITUATION />T$ TO DET]IORATE EV5 BE=E ! ,NORMANS >RIV$4 ,AS A RESULT ( V>I\S MILIT>Y CAMPAIGNS1 LORDS W]E GRANT$ CONTROL OV] C]TA9 T]RITORIES4 ,! TREATM5T & EXT5T ( ! PEASANTS' EXPLOITATION DEP5D$ ON ! :IM ( ! P>TICUL> !GN 7LORD74 ,SOME PEASANTS F\ND !MSELVES =C$ TO SELL L& TO ! !GN & HAD TO BECOME WAGE LABOR]S4 ,H[EV]1 !RE WAS /ILL EXT5SIVE COMMON L& :I* WAS AVAILABLE = GRAZ+1 FUEL COLLECT+ & GA!R+4 

,! ,NORMAN ,CONQUE/ FUNDAM5TALLY *ANG$ ! ,SAXON SY/EM4 ,! L& WAS TAK5 FROM ! PEASANTS & PUT FIRMLY 9 ! H&S ( A L&-[N+ CLASS :OSE SOLE AIM WAS TO MANAGE ! L& = ! B5EFIT ( !MSELVES4 ,WILLIAM1 :O N[ CLAIM$ TO [N ALL ! L&1 NE$$ TO REW>D ! MILIT>Y4 ,AS A RESULT HE GAVE ! B>ONS & O!R KNI<TS ! RI<TS TO TRACTS ( L& ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y PROVIDE SOLDI]S = W>S4 ,! CEORLS LO/ !IR POSITION AS FREEHOLD]S & BECAME S]FS4 ,!Y C\LD ONLY USE ! L& IF !Y PAID = IT BY PROVID+ FREE LABOR4 ,WORSE ?AN NOT [N+ ! L&1 !Y !MSELVES W]E N[ [N$ BY ! B>ONS4 ,! :OLE BASIS ( L& [N]%IP 9 ,BRITA9 IS ?US BAS$ ON CONQUE/2 ! CONSEQU5CES ( :I* >E /ILL ) US TODAY4 ,SOME L&[N]S SU* AS ! ,GROSV5OR FAMILY 7PRES5T ,DUKE ( ,WE/M9/]7 TRACE !IR [N]%IP BACK TO ?IS TIME4 ,!IR ANCE/OR1 ,HU< ,LE ,GROS ,V5EUR1 WAS GIV5 MAJOR L& HOLD+S BY ,WILLIAM4 

,BLOOD ,SPORTS 

  

,IT IS NOT JU/ A GROSSLY UNEQUAL SY/EM ( L& [N]%IP ?AT DATES FROM ! ,NORMAN ,CONQUE/ BUT ALSO ! TRADITION ( BLOOD SPORTS1 SO DE> TO ! HE>TS ( ! PRES5T RUL+ CLASS4 ,9 MANY RESPECTS1 ?IS OBSESSION ) HUNT+ IS ONE ( ! PRIM>Y 9FLU5CES ON ! WAY ! L& HAS BE5 MANAG$ & DEVELOP$4 ,WILLIAM WAS A PASSIONATE HUNT] & SET ASIDE HUGE >EAS ( L& = ?IS PURPOSE4 ',ROYAL ,=E/S' COV]$ ALMO/ A QU>T] ( ,5GL& BY ! MID-#a#b? C5TURY4 ,& !SE '=E/S'1 :I* 9CLUD$ MU* MORE ?AN =E/S1 W]E SUBJECT TO ,=E/ ,LAW1 DESIGN$ ) ! SOLE PURPOSE ( PROTECT+ & BRE$+ GAME :I* ,WILLIAM & HIS CRONIES C\LD !N KILL4 ,=E/ (FICIALS MADE SURE ?AT GRAZ+ ANIMALS W]E KEPT \T & EV5 B>ONS C\LDN'T PL[ UP ! L&4 ,POA*+1 ( C\RSE1 WAS A S]I\S (F5SE1 (T5 RESULT+ 9 ! DEA? ( SOMEONE :O D>$ 9T]F]E ) ! ,K+'S PLEASURE4 ,! B>ONS & KNI<TS1 EAG] TO APE ! ,K+1 ALSO TOOK TO HUNT+ & SET UP >EAS ?AT W]E CALL$ ',*ASES'4 ,! MO/ HI<LY CONTROLL$ >EAS1 ',DE] ,P>KS'1 W]E F5C$ & MA9TA9$ BY S]F LABOR4 ,MANY ( !SE PLACES /ILL EXI/ & >E (T5 ! MA9 >EAS ?AT ! PUBLIC IS D5I$ ACCESS TO E4G4 ! #c1 ACRES ( ,HULNE ,P>K [N$ BY ! ,DUKE ( ,NOR?UMB]L&4 

,?IS SY/EM ( L& MANAGEM5T WAS DEVELOP$ PURELY = ! SATISFACTION ( ! BLOOD SPORTS OBSESSION4 ,NOT ONLY DID ! PEASANTS NOT B5EFIT FROM IT1 IT WAS H>DLY A PRODUCTIVE USE ( L& = ! C\NTRY AS A :OLE4 ,& ! PROBLEM IS ?AT V]Y LITTLE HAS *ANG$4 ,?\< MU* L& HAS N[ BE5 TURN$ OV] TO AGRICULTURE & =E/RY1 !RE >E /ILL HUGE >EAS1 = EXAMPLE MU* ( ,SCOTL&1 :]E HUNT+ IS ! MA9 USE ( ! L&4 IT IS /ILL ACCEPT$ ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS CAN DO :AT !Y WILL ) !IR L&1 REG>DLESS ( ! IMPACT ON ! RE/ ( ! COMMUNITY OR ON ! L& ITSELF4 ,BUT AS WE HAVE SE51 ?IS 'TRADITION' IS BAS$ ON CONQUE/ & USURPATION4 

,/RUGGLES 

  

,PEASANTS DID NOT SUCCUMB PASSIVELY TO ! EXPLOITATION ( ! L&[N]S4 7,SEE ACCOMPANY+ >TICLE74 ,AS A RESULT ( !IR /RUGGLES1 SOME RE=MS W]E MADE4 ,BUT ! PA/ #i YE>S HAVE BE5 A HI/ORY ( CONT9U+ EXPLOITATION4 ,RE=MS W\LD BE MADE & !N A NEW =M ( EXPLOITATION W\LD EM]GE1 CAUS+ FUR!R RESI/ANCE4 ,BY ! #a#d? C5TURY !RE WAS A SORT ( SOCIAL CONTRACT4 ,COMMON L& & COMMON RI<TS HAD BE5 R$UC$ BUT /ILL EXI/$4 ,PEASANTS ALSO HAD A RI<T ( PASSAGE OV] ANY L& ?AT WAS UNCULTIVAT$1 EXCEPT DE] P>KS & O!R HUNT+ >EAS4 ,L&[N]S HAD AN OBLIGATION TO SEE ?AT ! MA9 TRACKS W]E MA9TA9$4 ,! ,=E/ LAWS W]E RELAX$ & ,H5RY ,I,I,I />T$ ALL[+ ! FELL+ ( ! ,ROYAL TIMB]1 ! KILL+ ( GAME & ! CULTIVATION ( C]TA9 TRACTS ( =E/4 ,P5ALTIES W]E ALSO R$UC$4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( AGR>IAN CAPITALISM 9 ! #a#e?-#a#g? C5TURIES WAS ! CAUSE ( SOME RE=MS BUT ALSO CREAT$ NEW =MS ( EXPLOITATION4 ,PEASANTS C\LD N[ SELL FOOD ON ! M>KET RA!R ?AN BE+ TI$ TO !IR LORD1 BUT ) ! DECL9E ( FEUDALISM MANY W]E LEFT 9 A POSITION ( 9SECURITY4 ,L&[N]S NO LONG] HAD AN OBLIGATION TO ! PEASANTS4 ,BETWE5 ! #a#a?-#a#g? C5TURIES1 ! COMM]CIAL MOTIVE PR$OM9AT$ & ?IS *ANG$ ! NATURE ( ! L& [N+ CLASS TO A C]TA9 EXT5T4 ,H5RY ,V,I,I,I SOLD MU* ( ! CONFISCAT$ *UR* L& TO ! EM]G+ B\RGEOISIE & ?IS PROCESS WAS ACCEL]AT$ UND] ,CROMWELL4 ,AS CAPITALISM BECAME ! DOM9ANT ECONOMIC SY/EM1 ALL L&[N]S W]E =C$ TO LOOK = WAYS ( 9CREAS+ 9COME FROM !IR L& SU* AS GR[+ GRA91 RAIS+ LIVE/OCK1 =E/RY & L& LEAS+4 

,%EEP 

  

,ONE ( ! MA9 S\RCES ( 9COME DISCOV]$ BY L&[N]S WAS %EEP1 & ?IS WAS TO CAUSE ! ]OSION ( ! FEW RI<TS ! PEASANTS DID HAVE1 & W\LD EV5TUALLY CONTRIBUTE TO ! DEMISE ( ! PEASANTRY4 ,! DESIRE = %EEP-GRAZ+ L& L$ TO AN 5CROA*M5T ON COMMON L&1 & AN 9CREAS$ DISREG>D = ?IS PEASANT RI<T4 ,COMMON L& WAS 9CREAS+LY F5C$ (F & US$ = %EEP GRAZ+4 ,AS !Y DID NOT WANT TO GIVE UP ANY ( !IR HUNT+ L&1 IT WAS ! COMMON L& !Y 5CLOS$4 ,! SO-CALL$ ,5GLI% REVOLUTION1 9 FACT1 /R5G!N$ ! POSITION ( ! L&[N]S4 ,HALF ! MEMB]S ELECT$ FROM ! ,MIDL&S 9 ,CROMWELL'S ,P>LIAM5T HAD BE5 F9$ = ?R[+ PEOPLE (F COMMON L& OR BELONG$ TO FAMILIES :O HAD4 ,9 #afdf ! ,K+ NO LONG] HAD ULTIMATE CONTROL ( ! L& & ?IS WAS PASS$ TO ! L&[N]1 )\T GIV+ ANY P[] TO ! PEASANTS1 CAUS+ FUR!R PEASANT REVOLTS4 

,CAPITALISM1 SUPPOS$ TO REPRES5T ! OV]?R[ ( ! FEUDAL SY/EM BY ! NEW CAPITALI/ CLASS DID NOT *ANGE BUT 9/EAD RE9=C$ MANY FEATURES ( ! OLD SY/EM4 ,! P[] & IDEOLOGY ( ! L& [N+ CLASS FUZ$ ) & 9FLU5C$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM4 ,ACCUMULATION ( WEAL? & ! PROTECTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY WAS N[ AN EV5 /RONG] IDEOLOGY P]PETUAT$ BY ! /ATE4 ,P>LIAM5T WAS DOM9AT$ BY L&[N]S4 ,! HUNT+ OBSESSION CONT9U$ ) R5EW$ VIGOR2 ! L&[N]S JO9$ BY RE9=CEM5TS FROM ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,SIR ,ROB]T ,WALPOLE WAS ,PRIME M9I/] = #ba YE>S & OV]SAW MANY ( ! 5CLOSURES4 ,HE WAS A KE5 HUNT] & W\LD OP5 ! LETT]S FROM HIS GAMEKEEP] 9 ,NORFOLK BE=E ! /ATE PAP]S4 

,POA*+ 

  

,= ! PEASANTS1 ! SITUATION SEEM$ TO GET EV5 WORSE UND] E>LY CAPITALISM4 ,LAWS AGA9/ POA*+ W]E TI<T5$ & DE] /EAL+ WAS PUNI%$ BY HANG+4 ,IT WAS EV5 =BIDD5 = SMALLHOLD]S TO [N HUNT+ IMPLEM5TS LIKE SN>ES 9 CASE !Y TOOK GAME ?AT /RAY$ ONTO !IR L&4 ,! ,BLACK ,ACT 7NAM$ AFT] ! POA*]S :O BLACK5$ !IR FACES7 PASS$ 9 ! E>LY #a#h? C5TURY CREAT$ #e NEW (F5SES :I* W]E PUNI%ABLE BY DEA?4 ,COMMON RI<TS W]E ALSO ATTACK$ MORE VIGOR\SLY ?AN !Y HAD BE5 UND] FEUDALISM4 ,L&[N]S WANT$ !IR PRIVATELY 'AGRE$' 5CLOSURES TO HAVE ! BACK+ ( LAW4 ,DUR+ ! #a#h? & #a#i? C5TURIES #g MILLION ACRES ( L& WAS 5CLOS$4 ,! 5CLOS$ L& WAS US$ = %EEP1 M9+ & CATTLE RE>+4 ,9 ADDITION1 ACCESS TO ! C\NTRYSIDE WAS CURTAIL$4 ,! OLD TRACKS W]E BLOCK$ BY 5CLOSURES4 ,TRADITIONAL RECREATION ACTIVITIES ( ! PEASANTS SU* AS FAIRS & FOOTBALL C\LDN'T TAKE PLACE BECAUSE !RE WAS NO AVAILABLE L&4 ,?IS WAS ( C\RSE WELCOM$ BY ! ,CALV9I/ CAPITALI/S :O ?\<T SU* ACTIVITIES DETRACT$ FROM A DISCIPL9$ WORK=CE4 ,! 5D RESULT WAS ! 5D ( ! PEASANTRY & !IR TRANS=MATION 9TO AN URBAN WORK+ CLASS OR EMIGRANT LABOR4 

,CORN ,LAWS 

  

,9 ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ! URBAN MIDDLE CLASS GA9$ /R5G? BO? ECONOMICALLY & POLITICALLY & !RE W]E MOVES T[>D ! R$UCTION ( ! 9FLU5CE ( ! L&[N]S4 ,! CONTROV]SY OV] ! ,CORN ,LAWS SYMBOLIZ$ ?IS CONFLICT4 ,IT WAS AGA9/ 9DU/RIAL 9T]E/S TO HAVE IMPORT RE/RICTIONS ON CORN & !RE WAS A MAJOR CAMPAIGN TO REPEAL ! ,CORN LAWS :I* HAD IMPOS$ !SE RE/RICTIONS4 ,?IS1 ( C\RSE1 WAS OPPOS$ BY ! L&[N]S4 ,! EV5TUAL REPEAL ( ! ,CORN ,LAWS WAS SE5 AS A VICTORY ( ! 9DU/RIALI/S OV] ! L&[N]S4 ,H[EV]1 ! P[] ( ! L&[N]S WAS NEV] EFFECTIVELY DE/ROY$4 ,AS WE SAW 9 ! LA/ ISSUE ( ,ORGANIZE6 !RE WAS TOO CLOSE A CONNECTION BETWE5 ! 9DU/RIALI/S & ! L&[N]S4 ,! R$I/RIBUTION ( L& & ! EM]G5CE ( MORE SMALL F>M]S DID NOT ALT] ! FUNDAM5TAL SY/EM OR ITS IDEOLOGY4 ,9 MANY RESPECTS1 ! NEW [N]S W]E EV5 MORE COMMITT$ TO ! OLD IDEOLOGY1 9CLUD+ ! 9T]E/ 9 BLOOD SPORTS4 ,! 9DU/RIALI/S (T5 W]E L&[N]S !MSELVES BUT !Y DIDN'T NE$ TO [N L& TO ADOPT ! CULTURE ( ! L& [N+ >I/OCRACY4 ,!Y R5T$ %OOT+ RI<TS1 ) ! ,LONDON RI* TAK+ HUNT+ BOXES 9 ! %IRES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,SU!RL& 7AN ACADEMIC WRIT] ON L& [N]%IP71 0,BY ! #a#i#cS1 H[EV]1 FOXHUNT+ WAS COMPLETELY UNREPRES5TATIVE ( ! C\NTRYSIDE04 

,! #b? C5TURY BR\<T CONSID]ABLE PRESSURE = RE=M4 ,BUT DESPITE ! PASS+ ( ! ,NATIONAL ,P>KS & ,ACCESS TO ! ,C\NTRYSIDE ,ACT 9 #a#i#d#i1 9 T]MS ( ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE HAV+ ANY REAL ACCESS TO ! L& ITSELF OR DECISIONS AB\T H[ ! L& IS US$1 NO?+ HAS *ANG$4 ,:E!R IT IS SAID BY ! ,DUKE ( ,WE/M9/] OR HIS ANCE/OR ! ,NORMAN B&IT1 ! MESSAGE IS /ILL ! SAME3 0,GET ,(F ,MY ,L&04 ,IT'S AB\T TIME WE DID SOME?+ AB\T IT4 

,L,& ,R,E,=,M ,9 ,S,C,O,T,L,&8 

  
,DON'T ,HOLD ,Y\R ,BREA?6 

  

,! NEW ,SCOTTI% ,P>LIAM5T IS FULL ( RHETORIC AB\T H[ IT'S GO+ TO MAKE SUB/ANTIAL *ANGES TO ! L&[N+ SY/EM 9 ,SCOTL&4 ,L& RE=M IS ONE ( ! MA9 PIECES ( LEGISLATION :I* IS TO BE PUT TO ,P>LIAM5T 9 ! COM+ SESSION4 ,H[EV]1 DESPITE ! FI<T+ TALK1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ! ACTUAL 9T5TION IS V]Y MILD 9DE$1 & ONCE ! POLITICIANS SUCCUMB TO ! USUAL PRESSURE FROM L&[N]S1 !N EV5 ! V]Y MODE/ PROPOSALS WILL BE WAT]$ D[N SU* ?AT ! P[] ( ! L&[N]S REMA9S4 

,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT L& RE=M IS ON ! AG5DA4 ,! FACTS SPEAK = !MSELVES4 ,SCOTL& HAS ! MO/ UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( L& 9 WE/]N ,EUROPE & IT IS EV5 MORE UNEQUAL ?AN ,BRAZIL :I* IS WELL-KN[N = ITS L& 9JU/ICES4 ,9 A C\NTRY ( OV] #ai MILLION ACRES1 OV] #af MILLION ACRES IS PRIVATELY [N$ RURAL L&4 ,TWO-?IRDS ( ?IS L& IS [N$ BY #abeb L&[N]S1 74#b#e.0 ( ! POPULATION74 ,& !SE E/ATES >E EXTREMELY L>GE4 ,ONE QU>T] ( ! PRIVATELY [N$ RURAL L& IS 9 E/ATES ( #c1#g ACRES & L>G]1 [N$ BY JU/ #ff L&[N]S 7,WI<TMAN3 #a#i#i#i74 ,P>T ( ! REASON = ! L>GE SIZE ( E/ATES IS ! LAW ( PRIMOG5ITURE :]E IT IS ! ELDE/ SON :O 9H]ITS ! :OLE E/ATE4 ,NOT ONLY IS ! DI/RIBUTION UNEQUAL1 L& [N]%IP IS /ILL BAS$ ON FEUDAL LAWS1 A SY/EM ?AT DATES BACK TO ! #a#a? C5TURY4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! L& /ILL (FICIALLY BELONGS TO ! ',CR[N' & ! L&[N] IS A VASSAL4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS VASSAL CAN BECOME A 'SUP]IOR' BY 'FEU+' L& TO SOMEONE ELSE :O !N BECOMES HIS VASSAL4 ,EV5 ?\< ! [N] HAS SOLD ! L&1 FEU+ MEANS ?AT ! SUP]IOR /ILL HAS A SAY 9 H[ ?AT L& IS DEVELOP$4 ,?IS HAS ( C\RSE CAUS$ MANY PROBLEMS :5 PEOPLE HAVE B\<T A H\SE & !N HAVE TO GET ! P]MISSION ( ! 'SUP]IOR' BE=E !Y CAN DO ANY?+4 ,& ( C\RSE !RE >E MANY L&[N]S :O >E READY TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ?IS SITUATION BY ASK+ = MONEY 9 RETURN = P]MISSION4 

,ANO!R IMPETUS = L& RE=M HAS COME M$IA COV]AGE ( :AT >E CALL$ 'BAD' L&[N]S 4 ,!RE WAS ! REC5T CASE 9 ,KNOYD>T W]E ?IS V]Y L>GE E/ATE HAD *ANG$ H&S MANY TIMES 9 A FEW YE>S1 LEAV+ ! LOCAL COMMUNITY 9 AN 9SECURE POSITION4 ,! L&[N]S W]E USUALLY ABS5TEE :O CAME A FEW TIMES A YE> = A DOSE ( KILL+ ANIMALS = FUN4 ,?+S CAME TO A HEAD1 H[EV]1 :5 ! LATE/ [N]S W]E DONE = FRAUD1 ONE IS N[ 9 A ,G]MAN JAIL4 ,! COMMUNITY 5D$ UP MAK+ A MU*-PUBLICIZ$ BUY-\T4 ,! SAME ?+ HAPP5$ ON ! ISL& ( ,EIGG :]E ! [N] HAD BE5 A ,G]MAN >TI/ :O HAD MADE ONLY TWO VISITS 9 TWO YE>S4 ,! SPOTLI<T HAS USUALLY FOCUS$ ON =EIGN L&[N]S1 FUEL$ BY ! 9CREASE 9 NATIONALI/ S5TIM5T4 IT IS !SE L&[N]S :O >E SE5 TO NOT HAVE ! BE/ 9T]E/ ( ! COMMUNITY AT HE>T4 ,?IS IS COMP\ND$ BY ! FACT ?AT L& [N]%IP IS %R\D$ 9 SECRECY1 ) L& (T5 [N$ BY FACELESS (F%ORE COMPANIES & PRIVATE TRU/S4 

,BLOODSPORTS 

  

,EV5 ! TRADITIONAL LIVE-9 LAIRD HAS COME UND] ATTACK BECAUSE ( ! WAY E/ATES >E MANAG$ )\T ANY REG>D TO ! WID] ECONOMIC & 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES4 ,SOME E/ATES HAVE MANAG$ TO DIV]SIFY BUT MANY >E /ILL RUN SOLELY = ! PURPOSE ( BLOOD SPORTS4 ,MANY PEOPLE HAVE BEGUN TO QUE/ION :E!R ?IS IS A GOOD USE ( L& ON A NUMB] ( GR\NDS4 ,FIR/1 SOME >GUE ?AT ! AM\NT ( JOBS CREAT$ & 9COME G5]AT$ IS NOT AS GREAT AS ! E/ATES CLAIM4 ,DESPITE ! EXI/5CE ( QUITE A FEW TRIGG]-HAPPY ,G]MAN1 ,ITALIAN & ,AM]ICAN RI* :O COME TO DO :AT !Y CAN'T DO 9 !IR [N C\NTRY1 MORE 9COME & MORE JOBS COME FROM O!R =MS ( T\RISM ?AT >E (T5 9 DIRECT CONFLICT ) ! CLOS$ NATURE ( ! SPORT+ E/ATE4 ,5VIRONM5TALI/S & CONS]VATIONI/S HAVE ALSO ATTACK$ ! PROBLEMS CAUS$ BY TOO MANY R$ DE] = ! REG5]ATION ( NATURAL WOODL& & ! EYESORE CAUS$ BY ALL ! BULL-DOZ$ TRACKS ?AT C>RY L&ROV]S FULL ( GUN-TOT+ T\RI/S TO )9 A FEW /EPS ( !IR T>GET4 ,!RE HAVE ALSO BE5 CASES :]E GAMEKEEP]S >E KN[N TO HAVE DELIB]ATELY %OT BIRDS ( PREY BECAUSE !Y EAT ! Y\NG GR\SE4 ,REC5TLY1 A GAMEKEEP] 9 ! C5TRAL ,HI<L&S KILL$ A NE/ ( GOLD5 EAGLES AS A RESULT ( LEAV+ \T A POISON$ C>CASS4 ,HE CLAIMS HE DID NOT 9T5D TO DO ?IS1 BUT SU* /ORIES ONLY ADD TO ANTI-LAIRD FEEL+4 

,BUT BASICALLY !RE IS JU/ G5]AL DISCONT5T & HO/ILITY FROM ! URBAN & RURAL WORK+ CLASS = A SITUATION :]E A FEW [N SO MU* & HAVE SO MU* P[]- A DISCONT5T ?AT HAS BE5 BREW+ = C5TURIES1 REMEMB]$ VIVIDLY 9 ! ,HI<L& ,CLE>ANCES4 ,! WEAL? ( ! L&[N]S IS CONTRA/$ ) ! L[ WAGES ( !IR EMPLOYES4 ,TWO-?IRDS ( H\SEHOLDS 9 RURAL ,SCOTL& HAVE 9COME BEL[ ! ,L[ ,PAY ,UNIT ,POV]TY ,?RE%OLD4 

,ILLUSIONS 

  

,UN=TUNATELY1 LIKE ! ILLUSIONS 9 A ,LABOR GOV]NM5T1 ! ,SCOTTI% ,P>LIAM5T IS SE5 AS ! MEANS TO A*IEVE ! LONG-AWAIT$ GOAL ( L& RE=M4 ,LACK ( PROGRESS BE=E WAS BLAM$ ON ! ',5GLI%' ,P>LIAM5T ) ITS L&[N]-DOM9AT$ ,H\SE ( ,LORDS4 ,N[ ?AT ?IS OB/ACLE IS REMOV$1 L& RE=M IS ?\<T IT BE POSSIBLE4 ,H[EV]1 !SE ILLUSIONS WILL SOON BE %ATT]$4 ,A /ATE IS A /ATE NO MATT] :AT NATIONALITY IT CALLS ITSELF & ! ,SCOTTI% ,P>LIAM5T WILL DO :AT ALL P>LIAM5TS DO BE/3 MANAGE ! C\NTRY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 

,?IS CAN BE SE5 ALREADY BY EXAM9+ ! PROPOSALS ( ! ,L& ,RE=M ,POLICY GR\P :I* WAS SET UP TO MAKE RECOMM5DATIONS ON L& RE=M4 ,!IR PROPOSALS W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ,JANU>Y #aiii & >E TO BE ! BASIS = NEW LEGISLATION4 ,:5 !Y W]E FIR/ PUBLI%$ !RE WAS ! USUAL M$IA SC>E ( REVOLUTION >\ND ! CORN]1 BUT L&[N]S CAN RE/ EASY4 ,&Y ,WI<TMAN 9 HIS JU/ PUBLI%$ BOOK1 ,L& & ,P[]1 HAS EXPOS$ ! RE=MS = :AT !Y >E4 

,! MA9 PLANK ( ! RECOMM5DATIONS IS ! ABOLITION ( FEUDALISM4 ,N[ ?IS IS POSITIVE 9 ?AT !RE WILL NO LONG] BE VASSALS & SUP]IORS & PEOPLE :O BUY A H\SE >E FREE FROM OBLIGATIONS TO ! PREVI\S L&[N]1 BUT IT MA9LY MEANS ?AT L&[N]S1 9/EAD ( BE+ SE5 AS VASSALS ( ! ,CR[N1 >E \TRI<T [N]S ( ! L&4 ,?IS GIVES !M EV5 MORE RI<T TO DO :ATEV] !Y WANT ON !IR L&4 ,SO IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! L&[N]S1 ACT+ LIKE !Y HAVE JU/ MADE A MAJOR CONCESSION1 >E QUITE 9 FAVOR ( ?IS RE=M4 ,!RE >E NO PROPOSALS = LEGISLATION ON ABS5TEE L&[N]S OR = =C+ L&[N]S TO REGI/] !IR L& & MAK+ PUBLIC ! T]MS ( ANY SALE ( L&4 ,?IS IS ALL = 0FUR!R /UDY0 OR = ACTION )\T LEGISLATION4 ,?IS MEANS1 IF ! L&[N] WANTS TO DO IT HE CAN4 ,L&[N]S WILL BE '5C\RAG$' TO CONSULT ) ! COMMUNITY & TO PURSUE POLICIES ON !IR L& :I* DON'T H>M ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !RE IS NO EFFECTIVE L& RE=M AT ALL4 ,A FEW L&[N]S CAN CONT9UE TO [N MO/ ( ,SCOTL&1 & ?IS 9 SECRECY4 ,!Y CAN CONT9UE ! PRACTICE ( DO+ :AT !Y WANT ) ! L&1 DISREG>D+ ! LOCAL COMMUNITY & 5VIRONM5TAL CONC]NS4 

,COMMUNITY ,RI<T TO ,BUY 

  

,! O!R P>T ( ! PROPOSALS IS TO GIVE COMMUNITIES ! 0RI<T TO BUY04 ,H[EV]1 !Y WILL ONLY BE ABLE TO DO SO :5 ! L& COMES ON ! M>KET4 ,!RE IS NO PROVISION = COMPULSORY PUR*ASE & IT IS NOT ?AT (T5 ?AT A SUITABLE PROP]TY COMES ON ! M>KET4 ,MANY ( ! E/ATES DON'T HAVE MANY PEOPLE LIV+ ON !M ANYWAY & HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ 9 SU* A WAY ?AT A COMMUNITY W\LD HAVE TO PUT 9 A LOT ( 9VE/M5T TO MAKE IT SOME?+ ?AT C\LD GIVE !M A LIV+4 ,& EV5 IF A SUITABLE PROP]TY DID COME ON ! M>KET1 ! COMMUNITY W\LD HAVE TO BE V]Y WELL-ORGANIZ$ & W\LD /ILL HAVE TO RAISE A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( MONEY4 

,&Y ,WI<TMAN HAS CORRECTLY PO9T$ \T ! ,EMP]OR'S ,NEW ,CLO!S ASPECT ( ! L& RE=M PROPOSALS4 ,H[EV]1 HIS [N PROPOSALS1 WRITT5 9 CONJUNCTION ) A MEMB] ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,LEFT17! 0,EURO,COMMUNI/S07 >E NOT MU* MORE RADICAL4 ,YES1 HE IS 9 FAVOR ( GETT+ RID ( ABS5TEE L&[N]S1 REGULAT+ ! L& M>KET & HAV+ A TAX ON L& :I* W\LD MAKE A BIT ( A D5T 9 ! L&[N]S' P[]1 BUT HE DOESN'T QUE/ION ! V]Y NATURE ( L& [N]%IP4 ,HE SEEMS TO FAVOR ! BREAKUP ( L& 9TO SMALL] P>CELS TO CREATE A RURAL SOCIETY ( PETIT-B\RGEOIS F>M]S4 ,LOOK+ AT C\NTRIES LIKE ,FRANCE :]E ?IS IS ! CASE1 SMALL F>M]S CAN BE JU/ AS REACTION>Y AS !IR L>G] C\NT]P>TS4 ,:AT HE FAILS TO REALIZE IS ?AT ! ROOT ( ! ISSUE IS NOT :O [NS ! L& BUT ! FACT ?AT IT IS [N$ AT ALL6 ,9 ADDITION1 HE SEEMS NAIVE AB\T ! T]M 'COMMUNITY'1 :I* MASKS CLASS DIVISIONS & RE9=CES ! IDEA ( '[N]%IP' ( ! L&4 ,9 ANY 'COMMUNITY' !RE WILL BE SOME ) MORE P[] ?AN O!RS & ANY COMMUNITY TAKE-OV]1 !RE=E1 WILL NOT MEAN ?AT EV]YONE HAS AN EQUAL SAY 9 H[ ! E/ATE W\LD BE RUN4 ,ALSO1 LOCAL COMMUNITIES %\LD NOT BE ABLE TO DO ANY?+ !Y WANT ) ! L& ANYMORE ?AN A PRIVATE L&[N]4 ,:AT HAPP5S IF ! LOCAL COMMUNITY DECIDES TO R5T L& = A NUCLE> P[] PLANT OR TO BAN BLACK PEOPLE FROM WALK+ ON ! L&8 ,9 ,KNOYD>T1 ! COMMUNITY IS CONT9U+ ) BLOODSPORTS SO NOT MU* HAS *ANG$ !RE 9 T]MS ( H[ ! L& IS BE+ US$4 

,%IFT 

  

,IT IS CLE> H[ MU* ! SO-CALL$ ,LEFT HAS %IFT$ TO ! RI<T :5 EV5 !Y DO NOT CALL = ! 'NATIONALIZATION ( ! L&'4 ,N[ AS AN>*I/S WE W\LD ALSO NOT BE 9 FAVOR ( ?IS1 BUT = DIFF]5T REASONS HAV+ TO DO ) \R ANALYSIS ( ! /ATE4 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT NO ONE IS EV5 PUTT+ ?IS =W>D AS AN IDEA IS 9DICATIVE ( ! MILDNESS ( ! ,SCOTTI% ,P>LIAM5T & ! POLITICAL SC5E4 ,H[EV]1 AMONG ! URBAN & RURAL WORK+ CLASS1 !RE REMA9S A HATR$ ( ! L&[N]S ?AT WILL NOT BE SATISFI$ ) ! PA!TIC EF=TS ( !IR NEW ,P>LIAM5T4 ,P]HAPS !N1 !Y WILL REALIZE ?AT IF !Y WANT TO S]I\SLY *ALL5GE L&[N]S 9 ,SCOTL&1 !Y WILL HAVE TO DO IT !MSELVES1 KEEP+ 9 M9D ?AT ! SAME /RUGGLE IS GO+ ON 9 ! RE/ ( ,BRITA9 & ! WORLD4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,MAY #a#c1 #bac FROM WEB4>*IVE4ORG1 WEB4>*IVE4ORG & WEB4>*IVE4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,L& ,RI<TS 9 ,BRITA9 -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/