,*APT] #a 
,PRIMITIVE ,ACCUMULATION 

#ahgiahgi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>LO ,CAFI]O 

,TEXT 3 

,H]E WE >E AT ! 5D ( \R DRAMA4 

,WE MET A WORK] AT ! M>KET ONE DAY1 COME TO SELL HIS LABOR P[]1 & WE SAW HIM NEGOTIATE AS EQUALS ) ! MONEY-[N]4 ,HIS /ILL DIDN'T KN[ H[ H>D ! ,CALV>Y ROAD W\LD BE ?AT HE HAD TO CLIMB1 NOT YET HAD ! MO/ BITT] CUP APPROA*$ HIS LIPS1 ALL ( :I* HAD TO BE GULP$ D[N TO ! LA/ DREGS4 ,! MONEY-[N]1 NOT YET BECOME A CAPITALI/1 WAS NO?+ MORE ?AN A MODE/ [N] ( A LITTLE WEAL?1 TIMID & UNC]TA9 ( ! SUCCESS ( HIS NEW 5T]PRISE1 9 :I* HE WAS 9VE/+ HIS =TUNE4 

,WE ! SAW H[ ! SC5E CAME TO *ANGE4 

,! WORK]1 AFT] HAV+ G5]AT$1 ) HIS FIR/ OV]WORK1 CAPITAL1 WAS OPPRESS$ BY ! EXCESSIVE LABOR ( AN EXTRAORD9>ILY PROLONG$ DAY4 ,) RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE ! LABOR TIME NECESS>Y = HIS MA9T5ANCE WAS RE/RICT$ & ?AT ( OV]WORK PROLONG$1 DE/9$ TO ALWAYS N\RI% CAPITAL MORE RI*LY4 ,9 SIMPLE COOP]ATION WE SAW ! WORK] 9 A /ATION>Y DISCIPL9E1 &1 DRAGG$ BY A CURR5T MADE ( A L9K+ ( LABOR P[]S1 EXHAU/$ EV]MORE1 BY GIV+ GREAT] NUTRITION TO EV]-GR[+ CAPITAL4 ,WE SAW ! WORK] MUTILAT$1 CRE/FALL51 & DEPRESS$ TO ! GREATE/ DEGREE BY ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 9 MANUFACTUR+4 ,WE SAW HIM SUFF]+ UNSPEAKABLE MAT]IAL & MORAL PA9S1 CREAT$ = HIM BY ! 9TRODUCTION ( MA*9]Y1 9 MOD]N 9DU/RY4 ,EXPROPRIAT$ ( ! LA/ BIT ( >TISAN VIRTUE1 WE SAW HIM R$UC$ TO A M]E S]VANT ( ! MA*9E1 TRANS=M$1 FROM A MEMB] ( A LIV+ ORGANISM1 9TO ! MO/ VULG> APP5DAGE ( A ME*ANISM1 TORTUR$ BY LABOR DRAMATICALLY 9CREAS$ BY ! MA*9E1 :I* AT EV]Y /RET* ?REAT5S TO TE> (F A %R$ ( HIS FLE%1 OR TO GR9D HIM COMPLETELY BETWE5 ITS T]RIBLE GE>S2 & :AT'S MORE WE SAW HIS WIFE & T5D] *ILDR5 BECOME SLAVES ( CAPITAL4 ,& 9 ! MEANTIME ! CAPITALI/1 IMM5SELY 5RI*$1 PAYS HIM A SAL>Y1 :I* HE IS ABLE TO LESS5 AT HIS PLEASURE1 EV5 MAK+ A %[ ( KEEP+ IT AT ! SAME LEVEL AS BE=E1 & EV5 ( 9CREAS+ IT4 ,F9ALLY WE SAW ! WORK]1 MADE TEMPOR>ILY USELESS BY ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL1 PASS+ FROM ! ACTIVE 9DU/RIAL >MY 9TO ! RES]VES1 FROM !N ON1 FROM ?IS1 FALL+ =EV] 9TO ! HELL ( PAUP]ISM4 ,ALL ! SACRIFICE IS CONSUMMAT$6 

,BUT H[EV] WAS ALL ( ?IS ABLE TO HAPP58 

,9 A V]Y SIMPLE WAY4 ,! WORK] WAS1 IT'S TRUE1 ! [N] ( HIS LABOR P[]1 ) :I* HE W\LD HAVE BE5 ABLE TO PRODUCE MU* MORE ?AN HE NE$$ = HIMSELF & HIS FAMILY EV]Y DAY1 BUT HE WAS LACK+ H[EV] ! O!R 9DISP5SABLE ELEM5TS ( LABOR1 ?AT IS1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & RAW MAT]IALS4 ,DEVOID !RE=E ( ANY WEAL?1 ! WORK] WAS =C$1 9 ORD] TO LIVE HIS LIFE1 TO SELL HIS ONLY GOOD1 HIS LABOR P[] TO ! MONEY-[N]1 :O MADE IT HIS PROP]TY4 ,PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! WAGE-WORK]1 F\NDATIONS ( ! SY/EM ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 W]E ! =EMO/ CAUSE ( SO MU* PA94 

,BUT ?AT IS UNFAIR6 ,IT'S WICK$6 ,& :OSOEV] GRANT$ MAN ! RI<T ( PRIVATE PROP]TY8 ,& H[EV] DID ! MONEY-[N] F9D HIMSELF 9 POSSESSION ( A PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION1 ORIG9 ( MANY 9FAMIES8 

,A T]RIBLE VOICE COMES =? FROM ! TEMPLE ( ! ,GOD ( ,CAPITAL1 & %\TS3 0,ALL IS RI<T1 BECAUSE ALL IS WRITT5 9 ! BOOK ( ET]NAL LAWS4 ,ALREADY A V]Y DI/ANT TIME >OSE1 9 :I* ALL HUMANS /ILL ROAM$ FREE & EQUAL ?R\<\T ! ,E>?4 ,FEW ( !SE W]E LABORI\S1 SOB] & ECONOMICAL2 ALL ( ! O!RS IDL]S1 REVEL]S & SQU&]]S4 ,VIRTUE MADE ! FIR/ RI*1 & VICE IMPOV]I%$ ! SECOND4 ,! FEW HAD ! RI<T TO 5JOY 7!SE & !IR DESC5DANTS7 ( ! VIRTU\SLY ACCUMULAT$ WEAL?2 :ILE ! MANY PU%$ BY !IR MIS]Y TO SELL !MSELVES TO ! RI*1 W]E CONDEMN$ TO S]VE ?OSE & !IR DESC5DANTS ET]NALLY40 

,H]E IS H[ C]TA9 FRI5DS ( ! B\RGEOIS ORD] EXPLA9 ! MATT]4 0,SU* 9SIPID *ILDI%NESS IS EV]Y DAY PREA*$ TO US 9 ! DEF5SE ( PROP]TY4 ,M4 ,?I]S1 E4G41 HAD ! ASSURANCE TO REPEAT IT ) ALL ! SOLEMNITY ( A /ATESMAN TO ! ,FR5* PEOPLE1 ONCE SO SPIRITUEL0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#f74 

,IF SU* W]E ! ORIG9 ( PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION1 ! !ORY1 :I* D]IVES FROM IT1 ?AT ( ORIG9AL S9 & ( PR$E/9ATION1 W\LD BE SO JU/4 ,! FA!R WAS AN IDL] & A REVEL]1 ! SON WILL SUFF] ! MIS]Y4 ,SU* IS ! SON ( A RI* MAN1 HE IS PR$E/9$ TO BE HAPPY1 P[]FUL1 LE>N$1 CIVIL1 /RONG1 ETC42 SU* IS ! O!R SON ( A POOR MAN1 HE IS PR$E/9$ TO BE UNHAPPY1 WEAK1 IGNORANT1 BRUTI%1 IMMORAL1 ETC4 ,A SOCIETY1 F\ND$ UPON SU* A LAW1 W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE TO 5D1 AS SO MANY O!R SOCIETIES ALREADY 5D$1 LESS B>B>\S & LESS HYPOCRITICAL1 SO MANY RELIGIONS & GODS1 />T+ FROM ,*RI/IANITY1 9 :OSE LAWS ONE F9DS SIMIL> EXAMPLES ( JU/ICE4 

,& H]E WE C\LD PUT AN 5D TO \R SAY1 IF WE W]E ALL[$ TO 5D IT ) ?IS B\RGEOIS FOOLI%NESS4 ,BUT \R DRAMA HAS A CATA/ROPHE WOR?Y ( IT1 AS WE WILL SOON SEE1 WITNESS+ ITS F9AL ACT4 

,WE BEG9 ! /ORY1 ?AT HI/ORY WRITT5 BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 & = ! USE & CONSUMPTION ( ! B\RGEOISIE2 WE SE>* 9 IT = ! ORIG9 ( PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION1 & IT'S H]E ?AT WE F9D IT4 

,9 ! MO/ ANCI5T AGE1 FLOCKS ( NOMADIC PEOPLE CAME TO E/ABLI% !MSELVES 9 ?OSE PLACES BETT] DISPOS$ & MORE FAVOR$ BY NATURE4 ,!Y F\ND$ CITIES1 !Y DEVOT$ !MSELVES TO CULTIVAT+ ! L&1 & TO DO+ SO MANY O!R NECESS>Y ?+S = !IR [N WELLBE+4 ,BUT IS H]E ?AT !Y 5C\NT] & COLLIDE ) EA* O!R 9 !IR DEVELOPM5T1 & W> FOLL[S1 DEA?S1 FIRES1 ROBB]IES & MASSACRES4 ,ALL ?AT BELONGS TO VANQUI%$ BECOMES PROP]TY ( ! VICTORS1 9CLUD+ ! P]SONS :O SURVIV$1 :O >E ALL MADE SLAVES4 

,H]E IS ! ORIG9 ( PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION 9 ANTIQUITY4 ,LET'S COME N[ TO ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 

,9 ?IS SECOND AGE ( HI/ORY1 WE F9D NO?+ O!R ?AN 9VASIONS ( PEOPLE 9TO C\NTRIES ( O!R PEOPLE1 RI*] & MORE FAVOR$ BY NATURE1 & ALWAYS ! SAME REFRA9 ( MASSACRES1 ROBB]IES1 FIRES1 ETC4 ,ALL ?AT BELONGS TO ! VANQUI%$ BECOMES PROP]TY ( ! VICTORS1 ) ! SOLE DIFF]5CE BE+ ?AT ! SURVIVORS NO LONG] BECOME SLAVES1 LIKE 9 ! ANCI5T AGE1 BUT S]FS1 & !Y PASS ) ! L&1 TO :I* !Y >E JO9$1 9TO ! P[] ( !IR LORDS4 ,!RE=E NOT EV5 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES DO WE F9D ! SLI<TE/ TRACE ( ! IDYLLIC LABORI\SNESS1 SOBRIETY & P>SIMONI\SNESS PRAIS$ BY A C]TA9 B\RGEOIS DOCTR9E AS ! ORIG9 ( PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION4 ,& NOTICE ?AT ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES IS ! AGE TO :I* \R MO/ ILLU/RI\S [N]S ( WEAL? >E ABLE TO BRAG AB\T TRAC+ !IR ORIG9S4 ,BUT LET'S COME F9ALLY TO ! MOD]N AGE4 

,! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION HAS DE/ROY$ FEUDALISM1 & HAS TRANSMUT$ S]VITUDE 9TO WAGE-WORK4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 H[EV]1 IT HAS TAK5 AWAY FROM ! WORK] ! FEW MEANS ( EXI/5CE1 :I* ! /ATE ( S]VITUDE US$ TO 5SURE = !M4 ,! S]F1 AL?\< HE HAD TO LABOR = ! GREAT] P>T ( HIS TIME = HIS LORD1 ALSO HAD A PIECE ( L& ) ! MEANS & ! TIME TO CULTIVATE IT_/TO LIVE HIS LIFE4 ,! B\RGEOISIE HAS DE/ROY$ ALL ( ?AT1 & FROM ! S]F HAS MADE A FREE 787 WORK]1 :O HAS NO O!R *OICE1 EI!R BE EXPLOIT$ 9 ! WAY ?AT WE ALREADY SAW1 BY ! FIR/ CAPITALI/ :O HAPP5S UPON HIM1 OR DIE ( HUNG]4 

,LET'S N[ GET D[N TO ! P>TICUL>S4 ,LET'S BEG9 ! /ORY ( A POPULACE1 & LET'S SEE H[ ! EXPROPRIATION ( AGRICULTURAL POPULATIONS CAME TO BE1 & ! =MATION ( ! WORK+ MASSES1 DE/9$ TO PROVIDE !IR LABOR P[] TO MOD]N 9DU/RIES4 ,WE WILL TAKE1 AS USUAL1 ! /ORY ( ,5GL&1 BECAUSE IF ,5GL& IS ! C\NTRY1 :]E ! DISEASE ?AT WE >E /UDY+ IS MORE DEVELOP$ ?AN ELSE:]E1 IT IS GIV5 ?AT IT WILL ALWAYS BE ABLE TO (F] US ! MO/ SUITABLE SCOPE = \R PRACTICAL OBS]VATIONS4 

0,9 ,5GL&1 S]FDOM HAD PRACTICALLY DISAPPE>$ 9 ! LA/ P>T ( ! #a#d? C5TURY4 ,! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION CONSI/$ !N1 & TO A /ILL L>G] EXT5T1 9 ! #a#e? C5TURY1 ( FREE PEASANT PROPRIETORS1 :ATEV] WAS ! FEUDAL TITLE UND] :I* !IR RI<T ( PROP]TY WAS HIDD54 ,9 ! L>G] SEIGNORIAL DOMA9S1 ! OLD BAILIFF1 HIMSELF A S]F1 WAS DISPLAC$ BY ! FREE F>M]4 ,! WAGE LABOR]S ( AGRICULTURE CONSI/$ P>TLY ( PEASANTS1 :O UTILIZ$ !IR LEISURE TIME BY WORK+ ON ! L>GE E/ATES1 P>TLY ( AN 9DEP5D5T SPECIAL CLASS ( WAGE LABOR]S1 RELATIVELY & ABSOLUTELY FEW 9 NUMB]S4 ,! LATT] ALSO W]E PRACTICALLY AT ! SAME TIME PEASANT F>M]S1 S9CE1 BESIDES !IR WAGES1 !Y HAD ALLOTT$ TO !M >ABLE L& TO ! EXT5T ( #d OR MORE ACRES1 TOGE!R ) !IR COTTAGES4 ,BESIDES !Y1 ) ! RE/ ( ! PEASANTS1 5JOY$ ! USUFRUCT ( ! COMMON L&1 :I* GAVE PA/URE TO !IR CATTLE1 FURNI%$ !M ) TIMB]1 FIRE-WOOD1 TURF1 @&C4 444 

0,! PRELUDE ( ! REVOLUTION ?AT LAID ! F\NDATION ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION1 WAS PLAY$ 9 ! LA/ ?IRD ( ! #a#e?1 & ! FIR/ DECADE ( ! #a#f? C5TURY4 ,A MASS ( FREE PROLET>IANS WAS HURL$ ON ! LABOR M>KET BY ! BREAK+-UP ( ! B&S ( FEUDAL RETA9]S1 :O1 AS ,SIR ,JAMES ,/EU>T WELL SAYS1 'EV]Y:]E USELESSLY FILL$ H\SE & CA/LE4' ,AL?\< ! ROYAL P[]1 ITSELF A PRODUCT ( B\RGEOIS DEVELOPM5T1 9 ITS /RIFE AFT] ABSOLUTE SOV]EIGNTY =CIBLY HA/5$ ON ! DISSOLUTION ( !SE B&S ( RETA9]S1 IT WAS BY NO MEANS ! SOLE CAUSE ( IT4 ,9 9SOL5T CONFLICT ) K+ & P>LIAM5T1 ! GREAT FEUDAL LORDS CREAT$ AN 9COMP>ABLY L>G] PROLET>IAT BY ! =CIBLE DRIV+ ( ! PEASANTRY FROM ! L&1 TO :I* ! LATT] HAD ! SAME FEUDAL RI<T AS ! LORD HIMSELF1 & BY ! USURPATION ( ! COMMON L&S4 ,! RAPID RISE ( ! ,FLEMI% WOOL MANUFACTURES1 & ! CORRESPOND+ RISE 9 ! PRICE ( WOOL 9 ,5GL&1 GAVE ! DIRECT IMPULSE TO !SE EVICTIONS4 ,! OLD NOBILITY HAD BE5 DEV\R$ BY ! GREAT FEUDAL W>S4 ,! NEW NOBILITY WAS ! *ILD ( ITS TIME1 = :I* MONEY WAS ! P[] ( ALL P[]S4 ,TRANS=MATION ( >ABLE L& 9TO %EEP-WALKS WAS1 !RE=E1 ITS CRY4 ,H>RISON1 9 HIS ',DESCRIPTION ( ,5GL&1 PREFIX$ TO ,HOL9%$'S ,*RONICLES1' DESCRIBES H[ ! EXPROPRIATION ( SMALL PEASANTS IS RU9+ ! C\NTRY4 ',:AT C>E \R GREAT 5CROA*]S8' ,! DWELL+S ( ! PEASANTS & ! COTTAGES ( ! LABOR]S W]E RAZ$ TO ! GR\ND OR DOOM$ TO DECAY4 ',IF1' SAYS ,H>RISON1 '! OLD RECORDS ( EU]IE MAN\R BE S\<T444 IT WILL SOON APPE> ?AT 9 SOME MAN\R SEV5TE5E1 EI<TE5E1 OR TW5TIE H\SES >E %RUNK444 ?AT ,5GL& WAS NEU] LESS FURNI%$ ) PEOPLE ?AN AT ! PRES5T444 ,( CITIES & T[NES EI!R UTT]LY DECAI$ OR MORE ?AN A QU>T] OR HALF DIM9I%$1 ?\< SOME ONE BE A LITTLE 9CREAS$ H]E OR !RE2 ( T[NES PULL$ D[NE = %EEPE-WALKS1 & NO MORE BUT ! LORD%IPS N[ /&+ 9 !M444 ,I C\LD SAIE SOME:AT 444' 

0,! PROCESS ( =CIBLE EXPROPRIATION ( ! PEOPLE RECEIV$ 9 ! #a#f? C5TURY A NEW & FRI<TFUL IMPULSE FROM ! ,RE=MATION1 & FROM ! CONSEQU5T COLOSSAL SPOLIATION ( ! *UR* PROP]TY4 ,! ,CA?OLIC *UR* WAS1 AT ! TIME ( ! ,RE=MATION1 FEUDAL PROPRIETOR ( A GREAT P>T ( ! ,5GLI% L&4 ,! SUPPRESSION ( ! MONA/]IES1 @&C41 HURL$ !IR 9MATES 9TO ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! E/ATES ( ! *UR* W]E TO A L>GE EXT5T GIV5 AWAY TO RAPACI\S ROYAL FAVORITES1 OR SOLD AT A NOM9AL PRICE TO SPECULAT+ F>M]S & CITIZ5S1 :O DROVE \T1 5 MASSE1 ! H]$IT>Y SUB-T5ANTS & ?REW !IR HOLD+S 9TO ONE4 ,! LEGALLY GU>ANTE$ PROP]TY ( ! POOR] FOLK 9 A P>T ( ! *UR*'S TI!S WAS TACITLY CONFISCAT$4 ',PAUP] UBIQUE JACET1' CRI$ ,QUE5 ,ELIZABE?1 AFT] A J\RNEY ?R\< ,5GL&4 ,9 ! #d#cRD YE> ( H] REIGN ! NATION WAS OBLIG$ TO RECOGNIZE PAUP]ISM (FICIALLY BY ! 9TRODUCTION ( A POOR-RATE4 ',! AU?ORS ( ?IS LAW SEEM TO HAVE BE5 A%AM$ TO /ATE ! GR\NDS ( IT1 = .<CONTR>Y TO TRADITIONAL USAGE.> IT HAS NO PREAMBLE :ATEV]4' ,BY ! #a#f? ( ,*>LES ,I41 *4 #d1 IT WAS DECL>$ P]PETUAL1 & 9 FACT ONLY 9 #ahcd DID IT TAKE A NEW & H>%] =M0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#g74 

0,9 ! S\? ( ,5GL& C]TA9 L&$ PROPRIETORS & WELL-TO-DO F>M]S PUT !IR HEADS TOGE!R & PROP\ND$ T5 QUE/IONS AS TO ! RI<T 9T]PRETATION ( ! POOR-LAW ( ,ELIZABE?4 ,!SE !Y LAID BE=E A CELEBRAT$ JURI/ ( ?AT TIME1 ,S]GEANT ,SNIGGE 7LAT] A JUDGE UND] ,JAMES ,I47 = HIS OP9ION4 ',QUE/ION #i -- ,SOME ( ! MORE WEAL?Y F>M]S 9 ! P>I% HAVE DEVIS$ A SKILLFUL MODE BY :I* ALL ! TR\BLE ( EXECUT+ ?IS ,ACT 7! #d#cRD ( ,ELIZABE?7 MI<T BE AVOID$4 ,!Y HAVE PROPOS$ ?AT WE %ALL ]ECT A PRISON 9 ! P>I%1 & !N GIVE NOTICE TO ! NEI<BORHOOD1 ?AT IF ANY P]SONS >E DISPOS$ TO F>M ! POOR ( ?IS P>I%1 !Y DO GIVE 9 SEAL$ PROPOSALS1 ON A C]TA9 DAY1 ( ! L[E/ PRICE AT :I* !Y WILL TAKE !M (F \R H&S2 & ?AT !Y WILL BE AU?ORIZ$ TO REFUSE TO ANY ONE UNLESS HE BE %UT UP 9 ! A=ESAID PRISON4 ,! PROPOS]S ( ?IS PLAN CONCEIVE ?AT !RE WILL BE F\ND 9 ! ADJO9+ C\NTIES1 P]SONS1 :O1 BE+ UNWILL+ TO LABOR & NOT POSSESS+ SUB/ANCE OR CR$IT TO TAKE A F>M OR %IP1 SO AS TO LIVE )\T LABOR1 MAY BE 9DUC$ TO MAKE A V]Y ADVANTAGE\S (F] TO ! P>I%4 ,IF ANY ( ! POOR P]I% UND] ! CONTRACTOR'S C>E1 ! S9 WILL LIE AT HIS DOOR1 AS ! P>I% WILL HAVE DONE ITS DUTY BY !M4 ,WE >E1 H[EV]1 APPREH5SIVE ?AT ! PRES5T ,ACT 7#d#cRD ( ,ELIZABE?7 WILL NOT W>RANT A PRUD5TIAL MEASURE ( ?IS K9D2 BUT Y\ >E TO LE>N ?AT ! RE/ ( ! FREEHOLD]S ( ! C\NTY1 & ( ! ADJO9+ C\NTY ( ,B1 WILL V]Y READILY JO9 9 9/RUCT+ !IR MEMB]S TO PROPOSE AN ,ACT TO 5ABLE ! P>I% TO CONTRACT ) A P]SON TO LOCK UP & WORK ! POOR2 & TO DECL>E ?AT IF ANY P]SON %ALL REFUSE TO BE SO LOCK$ UP & WORK$1 HE %ALL BE 5TITL$ TO NO RELIEF4 ,?IS1 IT IS HOP$1 WILL PREV5T P]SONS 9 DI/RESS FROM WANT+ RELIEF1 & BE ! MEANS ( KEEP+ D[N P>I%ES'0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4#a1 *4 #b#g1 FN4 #i74 

0,! ADVANCE MADE BY ! #a#h? C5TURY %[S ITSELF 9 ?IS1 ?AT ! LAW ITSELF BECOMES N[ ! 9/RUM5T ( ! !FT ( ! PEOPLE'S L&1 AL?\< ! L>GE F>M]S MAKE USE ( !IR LITTLE 9DEP5D5T ME?ODS AS WELL4 ,! P>LIAM5T>Y =M ( ! ROBB]Y IS ?AT ( ,ACTS = 5CLOSURES ( ,COMMONS1 9 O!R WORDS1 DECREES BY :I* ! L&LORDS GRANT !MSELVES ! PEOPLE'S L& AS PRIVATE PROP]TY1 DECREES ( EXPROPRIATION ( ! PEOPLE4 ,SIR ,F4 ,M4 ,$5 REFUTES HIS [N CRAFTY SPECIAL PLEAD+1 9 :I* HE TRIES TO REPRES5T COMMUNAL PROP]TY AS ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( ! GREAT L&LORDS :O HAVE TAK5 ! PLACE ( ! FEUDAL LORDS1 :5 HE1 HIMSELF1 DEM&S A 'G5]AL ,ACT ( ,P>LIAM5T = ! 5CLOSURE ( ,COMMONS' 7ADMITT+ !REBY ?AT A P>LIAM5T>Y C\P D'ETAT IS NECESS>Y = ITS TRANS=MATION 9TO PRIVATE PROP]TY71 & MOREOV] CALLS ON ! LEGISLATURE = ! 9DEMNIFICATION = ! EXPROPRIAT$ POOR444 

0',9 ,NOR?AMPTON%IRE & ,LEICE/]%IRE1' .<SAYS ,ADD+TON1.> '! 5CLOSURE ( COMMON L&S HAS TAK5 PLACE ON A V]Y L>GE SCALE1 & MO/ ( ! NEW LORD%IPS1 RESULT+ FROM ! 5CLOSURE1 HAVE BE5 TURN$ 9TO PA/URAGE1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( :I* MANY LORD%IPS HAVE NOT N[ #e ACRES PL[$ YE>LY1 9 :I* #a1#e W]E PL[$ =M]LY4 ,! RU9S ( =M] DWELL+-H\SES1 B>NS1 /ABLES1 @&C41' >E ! SOLE TRACES ( ! =M] 9HABITANTS4 ',AN HUNDR$ H\SES & FAMILIES HAVE 9 SOME OP5-FIELD VILLAGES DW9DL$ TO EI<T OR T54444 ,! L&HOLD]S 9 MO/ P>I%ES ?AT HAVE BE5 5CLOS$ ONLY #ae OR #b YE>S1 >E V]Y FEW 9 COMP>ISON ( ! NUMB]S :O OCCUPI$ !M 9 !IR OP5-FIELD /ATE4 ,IT IS NO UNCOMMON ?+ = #d OR #e WEAL?Y GRAZI]S TO 5GROSS A L>GE 5CLOS$ LORD%IP :I* WAS BE=E 9 ! H&S ( #b OR #c F>M]S1 & AS MANY SMALL] T5ANTS & PROPRIETORS4 ,ALL !SE >E H]EBY ?R[N \T ( !IR LIV+S ) !IR FAMILIES & MANY O!R FAMILIES :O W]E *IEFLY EMPLOY$ & SUPPORT$ BY !M4' ,IT WAS NOT ONLY ! L& ?AT LAY WA/E1 BUT (T5 L& CULTIVAT$ EI!R 9 COMMON OR HELD UND] A DEF9ITE R5T PAID TO ! COMMUNITY1 ?AT WAS ANNEX$ BY ! NEI<BOR+ L&LORDS UND] PRETEXT ( 5CLOSURE444' 

0',:51' SAYS ,DR4 ,PRICE1 '?IS L& GETS 9TO ! H&S ( A FEW GREAT F>M]S1 ! CONSEQU5CE MU/ BE ?AT ! LITTLE F>M]S0 7E>LI] DESIGNAT$ BY HIM 'A MULTITUDE ( LITTLE PROPRIETORS & T5ANTS1 :O MA9TA9 !MSELVES & FAMILIES BY ! PRODUCE ( ! GR\ND !Y OCCUPY BY %EEP KEPT ON A COMMON1 BY P\LTRY1 HOGS1 @&C41 & :O !RE=E HAVE LITTLE OCCASION TO PUR*ASE ANY ( ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE'7 'WILL BE CONV]T$ 9TO A BODY ( M5 :O E>N !IR SUBSI/5CE BY WORK+ = O!RS1 & :O WILL BE UND] A NECESSITY ( GO+ TO M>KET = ALL !Y WANT4444 ,!RE WILL1 P]HAPS1 BE MORE LABOR1 BECAUSE !RE WILL BE MORE COMPULSION TO IT4444 ,T[NS & MANUFACTURES WILL 9CREASE1 BECAUSE MORE WILL BE DRIV5 TO !M 9 QUE/ ( PLACES & EMPLOYM5T4 ,?IS IS ! WAY 9 :I* ! 5GROSS+ ( F>MS NATURALLY OP]ATES4 ,& ?IS IS ! WAY 9 :I*1 = MANY YE>S1 IT HAS BE5 ACTUALLY OP]AT+ 9 ?IS K+DOM4' ,HE SUMS UP ! EFFECT ( ! 5CLOSURES ?US3 ',UPON ! :OLE1 ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! L[] RANKS ( M5 >E ALT]$ 9 ALMO/ EV]Y RESPECT = ! WORSE4 ,FROM LITTLE OCCUPI]S ( L&1 !Y >E R$UC$ TO ! /ATE ( DAY-LABOR]S & HIREL+S2 &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 !IR SUBSI/5CE 9 ?AT /ATE HAS BECOME MORE DIFFICULT4' ,9 FACT1 USURPATION ( ! COMMON L&S & ! REVOLUTION 9 AGRICULTURE ACCOMPANY+ ?IS1 TOLD SO ACUTELY ON ! AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S ?AT1 EV5 ACCORD+ TO ,$51 BETWE5 #agfe & #a#g#h1 !IR WAGES BEGAN TO FALL BEL[ ! M9IMUM1 & TO BE SUPPLEM5T$ BY (FICIAL POOR-LAW RELIEF4 ,!IR WAGES1 HE SAYS1 'W]E NOT MORE ?AN 5\< = ! ABSOLUTE NECESS>IES ( LIFE444' 

0,9 ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ! V]Y MEMORY ( ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ! AGRICULTURAL LABOR] & ! COMMUNAL PROP]TY HAD1 ( C\RSE1 VANI%$4 ,TO SAY NO?+ ( MORE REC5T TIMES1 HAVE ! AGRICULTURAL POPULATION RECEIV$ A F>?+ ( COMP5SATION = ! #c1#e#a#a1#g#g ACRES ( COMMON L& :I* BETWE5 #aha & #ahca W]E /OL5 FROM !M & BY P>LIAM5T>Y DEVICES PRES5T$ TO ! L&LORDS BY ! L&LORDS80 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 *4 #b#g74 

,= ! LA/ EXP$I5TS ( GREAT HI/ORIC IMPORTANCE1 = EXPROPRIAT+ RURAL WORK]S1 ONE MU/ RI<TLY LOOK TO ! ,HI<L&S ( ,SCOTL&1 :]E !Y HAD ! MO/ SAVAGE APPLICATION4 ,GEORGE ,5SOR1 9 A BOOK PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#a#h1 SAYS3 

0,! ,SCOT* GR&EES DISPOSSESS$ FAMILIES AS !Y W\LD GRUB UP COPPICE-WOOD1 & !Y TREAT$ VILLAGES & !IR PEOPLE AS ,9DIANS H>ASS$ ) WILD BEA/S DO1 9 !IR V5GEANCE1 A JUNGLE ) TIG]S4444 ,MAN IS B>T]$ = A FLEECE OR A C>CASS ( MUTTON1 NAY1 HELD *EAP]4444 ,:Y1 H[ MU* WORSE IS IT ?AN ! 9T5TION ( ! ,MOGULS1 :O1 :5 !Y HAD BROK5 9TO ! NOR!RN PROV9CES ( ,*9A1 PROPOS$ 9 C\NCIL TO EXT]M9ATE ! 9HABITANTS1 & CONV]T ! L& 9TO PA/URE4 ,?IS PROPOSAL MANY ,HI<L& PROPRIETORS HAVE EFFECT$ 9 !IR [N C\NTRY AGA9/ !IR [N C\NTRYM50 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#g1 FN4 #b#i74 

0,AS AN EXAMPLE ( ! ME?OD OBTA9+ 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ! 0CLE>+0 MADE BY ! ,DU*ESS ( ,SU!RL& WILL SUFFICE H]E4 ,?IS P]SON1 WELL 9/RUCT$ 9 ECONOMY1 RESOLV$1 ON 5T]+ UPON H] GOV]NM5T1 TO EFFECT A RADICAL CURE1 & TO TURN ! :OLE C\NTRY1 :OSE POPULATION HAD ALREADY BE51 BY E>LI] PROCESSES ( ! LIKE K9D1 R$UC$ TO #a#e11 9TO A %EEP-WALK4 ,FROM #ahad TO #ahb !SE #a#e1 9HABITANTS1 AB\T #c1 FAMILIES1 W]E SY/EMATICALLY HUNT$ & ROOT$ \T4 ,ALL !IR VILLAGES W]E DE/ROY$ & BURNT1 ALL !IR FIELDS TURN$ 9TO PA/URAGE4 ,BRITI% SOLDI]S 5=C$ ?IS EVICTION1 & CAME TO BL[S ) ! 9HABITANTS4 ,ONE OLD WOMAN WAS BURNT TO DEA? 9 ! FLAMES ( ! HUT1 :I* %E REFUS$ TO LEAVE4 ,?US ?IS F9E LADY APPROPRIAT$ #g#i#d1 ACRES ( L& ?AT HAD FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL BELONG$ TO ! CLAN4 ,%E ASSIGN$ TO ! EXPELL$ 9HABITANTS AB\T #f1 ACRES ON ! SEA-%ORE -- #b ACRES P] FAMILY4 ,! #f1 ACRES HAD UNTIL ?IS TIME LA9 WA/E1 & BR\<T 9 NO 9COME TO !IR [N]S4 ,! ,DU*ESS1 9 ! NOBILITY ( H] HE>T1 ACTUALLY W5T SO F> AS TO LET !SE AT AN AV]AGE R5T ( #bS4 #fD4 P] ACRE TO ! CLANSM51 :O = C5TURIES HAD %$ !IR BLOOD = H] FAMILY4 ,! :OLE ( ! /OL5 CLANL& %E DIVID$ 9TO #bi GREAT %EEP F>MS1 EA* 9HABIT$ BY A S+LE FAMILY1 = ! MO/ P>T IMPORT$ ,5GLI% F>M-S]VANTS4 ,9 ! YE> #ahce ! #a#e1 ,GAELS W]E ALREADY REPLAC$ BY #a#c#a1 %EEP4 ,! REMNANT ( ! ABORIG9ES FLUNG ON ! SEA-%ORE TRI$ TO LIVE BY CAT*+ FI%4 ,!Y BECAME AMPHIBI\S & LIV$1 AS AN ,5GLI% AU?OR SAYS1 HALF ON L& & HALF ON WAT]1 & )AL ONLY HALF ON BO?4 

0,BUT ! BRAVE ,GAELS MU/ EXPIATE YET MORE BITT]LY !IR IDOLATRY1 ROMANTIC & ( ! M\NTA9S1 = ! 0GREAT M50 ( ! CLAN4 ,! SMELL ( !IR FI% ROSE TO ! NOSES ( ! GREAT M54 ,!Y SC5T$ SOME PR(IT 9 IT1 & LET ! SEA-%ORE TO ! GREAT FI%MONG]S ( ,LONDON4 ,= ! SECOND TIME ! ,GAELS W]E HUNT$ \T4 

0,BUT1 F9ALLY1 P>T ( ! %EEP-WALKS >E TURN$ 9TO DE] PRES]VES0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 *4 #b#g74 

0,9 ,APRIL #a#h#f#f1 #ah YE>S AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ! WORK ( ,ROB]T ,SOM]S QUOT$ ABOVE1 ,PR(ESSOR ,LEONE ,LEVI GAVE A LECTURE BE=E ! ,SOCIETY ( ,>TS ON ! TRANS=MATION ( %EEP-WALKS 9TO DE]-=E/1 9 :I* HE DEPICTS ! ADVANCE 9 ! DEVA/ATION ( ! ,SCOTTI% ,HI<L&S4 ,HE SAYS1 ) O!R ?+S3 ',DEPOPULATION & TRANS=MATION 9TO %EEP-WALKS W]E ! MO/ CONV5I5T MEANS = GETT+ AN 9COME )\T EXP5DITURE444 ,A DE]-=E/ 9 PLACE ( A %EEP-WALK WAS A COMMON *ANGE 9 ! ,HI<L&S4 ,! L&[N]S TURN$ \T ! %EEP AS !Y ONCE TURN$ \T ! M5 444 ,IMM5SE TRACTS ( L&1 MU* ( :I* IS DESCRIB$ 9 ! /ATI/ICAL ACC\NT ( ,SCOTL& AS HAV+ A PA/URAGE 9 RI*NESS & EXT5T ( V]Y SUP]IOR DESCRIPTION1 >E ?US %UT \T FROM ALL CULTIVATION & IMPROVEM5T1 & >E SOLELY DEVOT$ TO ! SPORT ( A FEW P]SONS = A V]Y BRIEF P]IOD ( ! YE>4' ,! ,LONDON ,ECONOMI/ ( ,JUNE #b1 #a#h#f#f1 SAYS1 ',AMONG ! ITEMS ( NEWS 9 A ,SCOT* PAP] ( LA/ WEEK1 WE READ444 0,ONE ( ! F9E/ %EEP F>MS 9 ,SU!RL&%IRE1 = :I* A R5T ( ,G,B,P#a1#b A YE> WAS REC5TLY (F]$1 ON ! EXPIRY ( ! EXI/+ LEASE ?IS YE>1 IS TO BE CONV]T$ 9TO A DE]-=E/40'07,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#g1 ,NOTE TO ! SECOND $ITION74 

,O!R NEWSPAP]S1 FROM ! SAME ]A1 SPEAK FUR!R ( !SE FEUDAL 9/9CTS1 :I* >E MORE DEVELOP$ 9 ,5GL&2 BUT !N SOME ( !SE CONCLUDE1 PROV+ ) FIGURES1 ?AT SU* A FACT HAS NOT LESS5$ ! NATIONAL WEAL? AT ALL4 

0,! PROLET>IAT CREAT$ BY ! BREAK+ UP ( ! B&S ( FEUDAL RETA9]S & BY ! =CIBLE EXPROPRIATION ( ! PEOPLE FROM ! SOIL1 ?IS 'FREE' PROLET>IAT C\LD NOT POSSIBLY BE ABSORB$ BY ! NASC5T MANUFACTURES AS FA/ AS IT WAS ?R[N UPON ! WORLD4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !SE M51 SUDD5LY DRAGG$ FROM !IR WONT$ MODE ( LIFE1 C\LD NOT AS SUDD5LY ADAPT !MSELVES TO ! DISCIPL9E ( !IR NEW CONDITION4 ,!Y W]E TURN$ 5 MASSE 9TO BEGG>S1 ROBB]S1 VAGABONDS1 P>TLY FROM 9CL9ATION1 9 MO/ CASES FROM /RESS ( CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,H5CE AT ! 5D ( ! #a#e? & DUR+ ! :OLE ( ! #a#f? C5TURY1 ?R\<\T ,WE/]N ,EUROPE A BLOODY LEGISLATION AGA9/ VAGABONDAGE4 ,! FA!RS ( ! PRES5T WORK+ CLASS W]E *A/IS$ = !IR 5=C$ TRANS=MATION 9TO VAGABONDS & PAUP]S4 ,LEGISLATION TREAT$ !M AS 'VOLUNT>Y' CRIM9ALS1 & ASSUM$ ?AT IT DEP5D$ ON !IR [N GOOD WILL TO GO ON WORK+ UND] ! OLD CONDITIONS ?AT NO LONG] EXI/$4 

0,9 ,5GL& ?IS LEGISLATION BEGAN UND] ,H5RY ,V,I,I4 

0,H5RY ,V,I,I,I4 #a#e#c3 ,BEGG>S OLD & UNABLE TO WORK RECEIVE A BEGG>'S LIC5SE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 :IPP+ & IMPRISONM5T = /URDY VAGABONDS4 ,!Y >E TO BE TI$ TO ! C>T-TAIL & :IPP$ UNTIL ! BLOOD /REAMS FROM !IR BODIES1 !N TO SWE> AN OA? TO GO BACK TO !IR BIR?PLACE OR TO :]E !Y HAVE LIV$ ! LA/ ?REE YE>S & TO 'PUT !MSELVES TO LABOR4' ,:AT GRIM IRONY6 ,9 #bg ,H5RY ,V,I,I,I4 ! =M] /ATUTE IS REPEAT$1 BUT /R5G!N$ ) NEW CLAUSES4 ,= ! SECOND >RE/ = VAGABONDAGE ! :IPP+ IS TO BE REPEAT$ & HALF ! E> SLIC$ (F2 BUT = ! ?IRD RELAPSE ! (F5D] IS TO BE EXECUT$ AS A H>D5$ CRIM9AL & 5EMY ( ! COMMON WEAL0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#h74 

0,?OMAS ,MORE SAYS 9 HIS ',UTOPIA'3 ',!R=E ?AT ON COVET\S & UNSATIABLE CORM>AUNTE & V]Y PLAGE ( HIS NATIVE CONTREY MAYE COMPASSE AB\TE & 5CLOSE MANY ?\S& AK]S ( GR\NDE TOGE!R )9 ONE PALE OR H$GE1 ! HUSB&MAN BE ?RU/ [TE ( !IR [NE1 OR ELS EI!R BY CONEYNE & FRAUDE1 OR BY VIOL5T OPPRESSION !Y BE PUT BESYDES IT1 OR BY WRONGS & 9IURIES !I BE SO W]I$ ?AT !Y BE COMPELL$ TO SELL ALL3 BY ONE MEANES1 !R=E1 OR BY O!R1 EI!R BY HOOKE OR CROOKE !Y MU/E NE$ES DEP>TE AWAYE1 POORE1 SELYE1 WRET*$ S\LES1 M51 WOM51 HUSB&S1 WIUES1 FA!RLESSE *ILDR51 WID[ES1 W(ULL MO!RS ) !IR YONGE BABES1 & !IR :OLE H\SEHOLD SMAL 9 SUB/ANCE1 & MU*E 9 NUMBRE1 AS HUSB&RYE REQUIRE? MANY H&ES4 ,AWAYE !I TRUDGE1 ,I SAY1 [TE ( !IR KN[5 ACCU/OM$ H\SES1 FYNDYNGE NO PLACE TO RE/E 94 ,ALL !IR H\%OLDE /UFFE1 :I* IS V]Y LITTLE WOOR!1 ?\<E IT MI<T WELL ABIDE ! SALE3 YET BEEYNGE SODA9ELY ?RU/E [TE1 !Y BE CON/RAYN$ TO SELL IT = A ?+ ( NAU<T4 ,& :5 !Y HAUE W&]$ ABRODE TYLL ?AT BE SP5T1 :AT CANT !Y !N ELS DOE BUT /EALE1 & !N IU/LY P>DY BE HANG$1 OR ELS GO AB\T BEGGYNG4 ,& YET !N ALSO !Y BE CA/E 9 PRISON AS VAGAB\NDES1 BECAUSE !Y GO AB\TE & WORKE NOT3 :OM NO MAN WYL SET A WORKE ?\< !I NEU] SO WILLYNGLY PR(] !MSELUES !RTO4' ,( !SE POOR FUGITIVES ( :OM ,?OMAS ,MORE SAYS ?AT !Y W]E =C$ TO ?IEVE1 '#g1#b GREAT & PETTY ?IEVES W]E PUT TO DEA?1' 9 ! REIGN ( ,H5RY ,V,I,I,I1 .<AS ,HOLL9%$ SAYS 9 HIS ',DESCRIPTION ( ,5GL&'.>0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#h1 FN4 #b74 

0,$W>D ,V,I43 ,A /ATUTE ( ! FIR/ YE> ( HIS REIGN1 #a#e#d#g1 ORDA9S ?AT IF ANYONE REFUSES TO WORK1 HE %ALL BE CONDEMN$ AS A SLAVE TO ! P]SON :O HAS D5\NC$ HIM AS AN IDL]4 ,! MA/] %ALL FE$ HIS SLAVE ON BREAD & WAT]1 WEAK BRO? & SU* REFUSE MEAT AS HE ?9KS FIT4 ,HE HAS ! RI<T TO =CE HIM TO DO ANY WORK1 NO MATT] H[ DISGU/+1 ) :IP & *A9S4 ,IF ! SLAVE IS ABS5T A =TNI<T1 HE IS CONDEMN$ TO SLAV]Y = LIFE & IS TO BE BR&$ ON =EHEAD OR BACK ) ! LETT] ,S2 IF HE RUNS AWAY ?RICE1 HE IS TO BE EXECUT$ AS A FELON4 ,! MA/] CAN SELL HIM1 BEQUEA? HIM1 LET HIM \T ON HIRE AS A SLAVE1 JU/ AS ANY O!R P]SONAL *ATTEL OR CATTLE4 ,IF ! SLAVES ATTEMPT ANY?+ AGA9/ ! MA/]S1 !Y >E ALSO TO BE EXECUT$4 ,JU/ICES ( ! PEACE1 ON 9=MATION1 >E TO HUNT ! RASCALS D[N4 ,IF IT HAPP5S ?AT A VAGABOND HAS BE5 IDL+ AB\T = ?REE DAYS1 HE IS TO BE TAK5 TO HIS BIR?PLACE1 BR&$ ) A R$-HOT IRON ) ! LETT] ,V ON ! BREA/ & BE SET TO WORK1 9 *A9S1 9 ! /REETS OR AT SOME O!R LABOR4 ,IF ! VAGABOND GIVES A FALSE BIR?PLACE1 HE IS !N TO BECOME ! SLAVE = LIFE ( ?IS PLACE1 ( ITS 9HABITANTS1 OR ITS CORPORATION1 & TO BE BR&$ ) AN ,S4 ,ALL P]SONS HAVE ! RI<T TO TAKE AWAY ! *ILDR5 ( ! VAGABONDS & TO KEEP !M AS APPR5TICES1 ! Y\NG M5 UNTIL ! #b#d? YE>1 ! GIRLS UNTIL ! #b?4 ,IF !Y RUN AWAY1 !Y >E TO BECOME UP TO ?IS AGE ! SLAVES ( !IR MA/]S1 :O CAN PUT !M 9 IRONS1 :IP !M1 @&C41 IF !Y LIKE4 ,EV]Y MA/] MAY PUT AN IRON R+ R\ND ! NECK1 >MS OR LEGS ( HIS SLAVE1 BY :I* TO KN[ HIM MORE EASILY & TO BE MORE C]TA9 ( HIM4 ,! LA/ P>T ( ?IS /ATUTE PROVIDES1 ?AT C]TA9 POOR PEOPLE MAY BE EMPLOY$ BY A PLACE OR BY P]SONS1 :O >E WILL+ TO GIVE !M FOOD & DR9K & TO F9D !M WORK4 ,?IS K9D ( P>I% SLAVES WAS KEPT UP 9 ,5GL& UNTIL F> 9TO ! #a#i? C5TURY UND] ! NAME ( 'R\NDSM5'0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#h74 

0,! AU?OR ( ! ',ESSAY ON ,TRADE1 ETC41' #a#g#g1 SAYS1 ',9 ! REIGN ( ,$W>D ,V,I4 9DE$ ! ,5GLI% SEEM TO HAVE SET1 9 GOOD E>NE/1 AB\T 5C\RAG+ MANUFACTURES & EMPLOY+ ! POOR4 ,?IS WE LE>N FROM A REM>KABLE /ATUTE :I* RUNS ?US3 0,?AT ALL VAGRANTS %ALL BE BR&$1 @&C0'0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#h1 FN4 #a74 

0,ELIZABE?1 #a#e#g#b3 ,UNLIC5S$ BEGG>S ABOVE #ad YE>S ( AGE >E TO BE SEV]ELY FLOGG$ & BR&$ ON ! LEFT E> UNLESS SOME ONE WILL TAKE !M 9TO S]VICE = TWO YE>S2 9 CASE ( A REPETITION ( ! (F5SE1 IF !Y >E OV] #a#h1 !Y >E TO BE EXECUT$1 UNLESS SOME ONE WILL TAKE !M 9TO S]VICE = TWO YE>S2 BUT = ! ?IRD (F5SE !Y >E TO BE EXECUT$ )\T M]CY AS FELONS0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#h74 

0,9 ,ELIZABE?'S TIME1 'ROGUES W]E TRUSS$ UP APACE1 & ?AT !RE WAS NOT ONE YE> COMMONLY :]E9 ?REE OR F\R HUNDR$ W]E NOT DEV\R$ & EAT5 UP BY ! GALL[ES4' 7,/RYPE'S ',ANNALS ( ! ,RE=MATION & ,E/ABLI%M5T ( ,RELIGION & O!R ,V>I\S ,OCCURR5CES 9 ! ,*UR* ( ,5GL& DUR+ ,QUE5 ,ELIZABE?'S ,HAPPY ,REIGN4' ,SECOND $41 #a#g#b#e1 ,VOL4 #b47 ,ACCORD+ TO ?IS SAME ,/RYPE1 9 ,SOM]SET%IRE1 9 ONE YE>1 #d P]SONS W]E EXECUT$1 #ce ROBB]S BURNT 9 ! H&1 #cg :IPP$1 & #ahc DIS*>G$ AS '9CORRIGIBLE VAGABONDS4' ,NEV]!LESS1 HE IS ( OP9ION ?AT ?IS L>GE NUMB] ( PRISON]S DOES NOT COMPRISE EV5 A FIF? ( ! ACTUAL CRIM9ALS1 ?ANKS TO ! NEGLIG5CE ( ! JU/ICES & ! FOOLI% COMPASSION ( ! PEOPLE2 & ! O!R C\NTIES ( ,5GL& W]E NOT BETT] (F 9 ?IS RESPECT ?AN ,SOM]SET%IRE1 :ILE SOME W]E EV5 WORSE0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#h1 FN4 #b74 

0,JAMES #a3 ,ANY ONE W&]+ AB\T & BEGG+ IS DECL>$ A ROGUE & A VAGABOND4 ,JU/ICES ( ! PEACE 9 PETTY SESSIONS >E AU?ORIZ$ TO HAVE !M PUBLICLY :IPP$ & = ! FIR/ (F5SE TO IMPRISON !M = #f MON?S1 = ! SECOND = #b YE>S4 ,:IL/ 9 PRISON !Y >E TO BE :IPP$ AS MU* & AS (T5 AS ! JU/ICES ( ! PEACE ?9K FIT444 ,9CORRIGIBLE & DANG]\S ROGUES >E TO BE BR&$ ) AN ,R ON ! LEFT %\LD] & SET TO H>D LABOR1 & IF !Y >E CAU<T BEGG+ AGA91 TO BE EXECUT$ )\T M]CY4 ,!SE /ATUTES1 LEGALLY B9D+ UNTIL ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#h? C5TURY1 W]E ONLY REPEAL$ .<9 #a#g#a#d.>0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #b#h74 

,& H]E BY MEANS ( SU* HORRORS1 BY MEANS ( SO MU* BLOOD ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! AGRICULTURAL POPULATION IS COMPLET$1 & ! =MATION ( ?AT WORK+ CLASS1 DE/9$ TO FE$ MOD]N 9DU/RY4 ,LESS ?AN IDYLLIC6 ,IT WAS SWORD & FIRE ?AT W]E ! ONLY ORIG9 ( PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION2 IT WAS SWORD & FIRE ?AT PREP>$ ! NECESS>Y 5VIRONM5T = CAPITAL TO DEVELOP1 ! MASS ( HUMAN =CE DE/9$ TO N\RI% IT2 & IF TODAY SWORD & FIRE >E NO LONG] ! ORD9>Y MEANS ( ! EV]-GR[+ ACCUMULATION1 IT IS BECAUSE IT HAS ANO!R ME?OD1 9 ITS /EAD1 MU* MORE 9EXORABLE & T]RIBLE1 ONE ( ! GLORI\S MOD]N A*IEVEM5TS ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 A ME?OD ?AT =MS A NECESS>Y P>T ( ! ME*ANISM ITSELF ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 A ME?OD ?AT ACTS BY ITSELF1 )\T MAK+ MU* NOISE1 )\T PRODUC+ SC&AL1 9 %ORT A P]FECTLY CIVIL ME?OD3 HUNG]4 ,& = HIM ?AT REBELS AGA9/ HUNG]1 ALWAYS & =EV] SWORD & FIRE4 

,! MODE/ SIZE ( ?IS SUMM>Y DOES NOT P]MIT ME TO TELL ALSO ( ! GLORIES ( CAPITAL 9 ! COLONIES4 ,I REF] ! READ] TO ! HI/ORY ( DISCOV]IES1 />T+ FROM ?AT ( ,*RI/OPH] ,COLUMBUS1 & ( ALL ! COLONIZATIONS1 LIMIT+ MYSELF ONLY TO CITE 9 ?IS REG>D ! WORDS ( 

0,W4 ,H[ITT1 A MAN :O MAKES A SPECIALTY ( ,*RI/IANITY1 .<:O.> SAYS3 ',! B>B>ITIES & DESP]ATE \TRAGES ( ! SO-CALL$ ,*RI/IAN RACE1 ?R\<\T EV]Y REGION ( ! WORLD1 & UPON EV]Y PEOPLE !Y HAVE BE5 ABLE TO SUBDUE1 >E NOT TO BE P>ALLEL$ BY ?OSE ( ANY O!R RACE1 H[EV] FI]CE1 H[EV] UNTAU<T1 & H[EV] RECKLESS ( M]CY & ( %AME1 9 ANY AGE ( ! E>?4' 

0,IF MONEY1 ACCORD+ TO ,AUGI]1 'COMES 9TO ! WORLD ) A CONG5ITAL BLOOD-/A9 ON ONE *EEK1' CAPITAL COMES DRIPP+ FROM HEAD TO FOOT1 FROM EV]Y PORE1 ) BLOOD & DIRT40 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #c#a74 

,& ?IS IS PURE1 OR B\RGEOIS1 HI/ORY1 A SAD HI/ORY ( BLOOD1 :I* W\LD DES]VE TO BE WELL READ & M$ITAT$ ON BY Y\1 :O KN[ 9 Y\R VIRTUE H[ TO CONCEIVE A HOLY HORROR = ! LU/ ( ! BLOOD ( MOD]N REVOLUTION>IES2 BY Y\1 :O DECL>E NOT BE+ ABLE TO ALL[ ! WORK]S ! SOLE USE ( ! MORAL MEANS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ah< 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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