,*APT] #i ,A*IEVEM5T1 ,P>T #d3 ,SECOND & ,?IRD ,VOLUMES ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,OTTO ,RUHLE ,TEXT 3 ,A*IEVEM5T ,P>T ,I,V ,SECOND & ,?IRD ,VOLUMES ,9 ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 :I* 5DS ) A PROPHETIC GLIMPSE ?R\< ! GATES ( ! COM+ SOCIAL ORD]1 ,M>X DISCLOS$ ! ECONOMIC FUNDAM5TALS ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY4 ,HE SOLV$ ! PROBLEM ( ! ORIG9 ( PR(IT4 ,HE HAD NOT SOLV$ ?AT PROBLEM AFT] ! MANN] ( ! PETTY-B\RGEOIS DEF5D]S ( CAPITALISM1 :O USE SCI5CE = ! JU/IFICATION & SAFEGU>D+ ( SELFI% 9T]E/S1 & LOOK UPON PR(IT AS SOME?+ :I* RIX DEALT ) ! MATT] 9 A NEW WAY1 ONE PECULI> TO HIMSELF4 ,= HIM1 ! PUR*ASE ( ! COMMODITY1 LABOR P[]1 BY ! CAPITALI/ WAS A LEGITIMATE EX*ANGE ( VALUES2 ! CREATION ( SURPLUS VALUE BY SURPLUS LABOR WAS ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( AN OBJECTIVE SY/EM2 & ! APPROPRIATION ( ?IS SURPLUS VALUE BY ! CAPITALI/S FOLL[$ AS A MATT] ( C\RSE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! 9T]NAL LAWS REGULAT+ A CLASS SOCIETY4 ,PURSU+ ?IS TRA9 ( SCI5TIFIC REASON+1 HE WAS 9SPIR$ BY IT NEI!R ) LOVE = CAPITALISM1 AS W]E ! B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S1 NOR ) HATR$ = CAPITALISM1 AS W]E ! UTOPI/S4 ,HE M]ELY DREW ! 9F]5CE1 CLE>LY & COLDLY1 ?AT = ! ABOLITION ( ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN A FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE 9 ! SY/EM WAS ESS5TIAL4 ,TO HIM1 SU* A *ANGE SEEM$ TO BE AN 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! LAWS ( HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION4 ,HE EXPECT$ ! COMPLETION ( ?IS EVOLUTION TO BE EFFECT$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS1 GR[+ CONSCI\S ( ITS SITUATION AS A CLASS1 & TRA9$ TO PURSUE ITS AIMS AS A CLASS4 ,! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL EXAM9ES & ANALYZES CAPITALISM )9 ! FIELD ( ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,?AT PROCESS GOES ON 9 ! WORK%OP OR O!R PLACE :]E WORK IS C>RI$ ON4 ,! WORK] COMES TO ! WORK%OP AS BE>] ( ! COMMODITY1 LABOR P[]4 ,HE RECEIVES A WAGE1 & BEG9S TO PRODUCE4 ,COMMODITIES PROCE$ \T ( HIS H&S4 ,WE CANNOT TELL1 SIMPLY FROM LOOK+ AT !SE /RUCTURES ( IRON1 WOOD1 E>!NW>E1 LEA!R1 ETC41 TO :AT EXT5T !Y REPRES5T NEWLY CREAT$ VALUES1 & AT :AT PO9T 9 !M ! PROCESS ( EXP&+ VALUE HAS BEGUN4 ,WE KN[1 H[EV]1 ?AT SURPLUS VALUE IS 9CLUD$ 9 !IR VALUE2 ?AT1 FRE%LY MADE & /ILL DAMP ) ! SWEAT ( ! WORK] :O HAS MADE !M1 !Y HAVE HIDD5 AWAY )9 !M A WEAL? :I* LIVES ONLY = ! CAPITALI/4 ,?IS UNE>N$ SURPLUS VALUE ACCRU+ TO ! CAPITALI/ WILL BECOME PR(IT1 WILL ASSUME ! MONEY =M1 & WILL1 AS J+L+ CO9S1 F9D ITS WAY 9TO ! POCKET ( ! B5EFICI>Y4 ,BUT ! TRANS=MATION ( SURPLUS VALUE 9TO CA% CANNOT TAKE PLACE 9 ! WORK%OP4 ,= ?AT A *ANGE ( V5UE IS REQUISITE4 ,SURPLUS VALUE DOES NOT BECOME PR(IT UNTIL ! COMMODITY IS SOLD1 & !RE=E IT CAN ONLY BECOME PR(IT 9 ! M>KET1 9 ! %OP1 OR ON ! EX*ANGE4 ,?I!R WE >E TAK5 9 ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 :I* DISCUSSES ! PROCESS ( ! CIRCULATION ( CAPITAL 9 ?REE SECTIONS1 RESPECTIVELY 5TITL$3 0,! ,METAMORPHOSES ( ,CAPITAL & !IR ,CYCLES02 0,! ,TURN-,OV] ( ,CAPITAL02 0,! ,REPRODUCTION & ,CIRCULATION ( ! ,AGGREGATE ,SOCIAL ,CAPITAL40 ,9 ! M>KET1 ! FETI%I/IC P[] ( COMMODITIES AFFECTS ! CAPITALI/ DIFF]5TLY FROM 9 ! WORK%OP4 ,:]EAS PRODUCTION IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! DISCIPL9E ( AN >TIFICIALLY CON/RUCT$ ORD]1 9 ! M>KET ! MO/ P]PLEX+ AN>*Y PREVAILS4 ,!RE1 COMMODITIES ESCAPE FROM ! H&S ( !IR CREATOR1 5GAGE 9 ! MADDE/ DANCE4 ,!Y ASSUME PRICES ACCORD+ TO FANCIES ( !IR [N2 MAKE J\RNEYS2 *ANGE [N]S2 COLLECT !MSELVES 9TO HEAPS1 OR SCATT] !MSELVES TO ALL ! W9DS ( HEAV52 /ORE !MSELVES AWAY 9 W>EH\SES1 TO ROT !RE SOMETIMES & ?US FAIL TO A*IEVE !IR PURPOSE2 OR SPE$ FROM P]SON TO P]SON1 FROM T[N TO T[N1 TO BE CONSUM$ 9 ! PR$E/9$ WAY4 ,=M+ A FANTA/IC WORLD ( !IR [N1 !Y LEAD !RE9 AN AUTOCRATIC LIFE1 9DEP5D5T ( ! WILL ( ! PRODUC]4 ,IF A MAN IS NOT TO LOSE HIS S5SES AMID SU* A RIOT1 & IF1 ABOVE ALL1 HE IS NOT TO LOSE HIS MONEY1 HE MU/ LE>N H[ TO TAKE HIS BE>+S 9 ?IS PROCESS ( ! CIRCULATION ( COMMODITIES4 ,HE MU/ BE ABLE AS A CAPITALI/ TO F9D A BUY] = HIS W>ES AT ! PROP] TIME2 MU/ PROVIDE HIMSELF AT ! PROP] TIME ) ! RAW MAT]IALS NE$$ = ! PRODUCTION ( MORE COMMODITIES2 MU/ SUPPLY HIMSELF ) ADEQUATE FUNDS = ! HIR+ ( WORK]S2 &1 9 ! ET]NAL CIRCULATION ( COMMODITIES & MONEY1 MU/ NEV] MISS AN OPPORTUNITY1 NEV] ALL[ HIMSELF TO BE GOT ! BETT] ( BY HIS COMPETITORS4 ,9 A REALM :]E TIME & PLACE >E P]PETUALLY UNC]TA91 HE MU/ BE ALWAYS ON ! WAT* TO DO ! RIKET1 MU/ E/IMATE ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( ! CONSUM]S1 MU/ CALCULATE ! EXT5T ( DEM&4 ,!RE IS NO GUIDE BOOK HE CAN CONSULT1 = ! ECONOMICS ( ! M>KET >E AN>*ICAL4 ,! M>KET IS A CITY )\T A PLAN4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/ MU/ WORK ACCORD+ TO PLAN1 UNLESS HE IS TO GO D[N 9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,HE CANNOT COME TO AN UND]/&+ ) O!RS1 = HE MU/ NOT DISCLOSE HIS 9T5TIONS1 HIS BUS9ESS SECRETS1 TO HIS RIVALS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 HE MU/ CONDUCT HIMSELF AS IF HE W]E ACT+ ON ! BASIS ( AN UND]/&+ ) HIS RIVALS1 AS IF HE & !Y W]E SOLID>IZ$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,IT IS NOT )9 HIS P[] TO E/ABLI% ORD] 9 ! *AOS4 ,YET1 UND] PA9 ( DE/RUCTION1 HE MU/ SEE TO IT ?AT EV]Y?+ %ALL 0CLICK10 ?AT NO FAILURE 9 ! M>KET %ALL ROB HIM ( :AT HE HAS GA9$ 9 ! WORK%OP4 ,= ! PR(IT CREAT$ AS SURPLUS VALUE 9 ! WORK%OP DOES NOT COME TO LIFE UNTIL ! M>KET IS REA*$ & ! COMMODITY IS SOLD4 ,ONLY 9 ! M>KET DOES ?AT :I* HI!RTO HAS BE5 A M]E AB/RACT CALCULATION1 BECOME A CONCRETE GA94 ,ONLY 9 ! M>KET IS A MAN REPAID = BE+ A CAPITALI/1 = 5GAG+ 9 CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE4 ,! BUS9ESS AWAIT+ ! CAPITALI/ 9 ! M>KET IS DIFFICULT1 LABORI\S1 & RISKY4 ,IT DEM&S FROM HIM ! UTMO/ EFFICI5CY & P]SPICACITY1 GREAT RES\RCEFULNESS1 M>K$ SAGACITY4 ,HE MU/ HAVE F9E HE>+ & A ?ICK SK92 MU/ BE SIMULTANE\SLY CAUTI\S & V5TURESOME1 A SWA%BUCKL] & A CALCULATOR1 C>ELESS & C>EFUL4 ,HE MU/ DEVELOP ALL ! QUALITIES ( AN EXP]I5C$ MAN ( BUS9ESS4 ,NONE ! LESS1 ! 9DIVIDUAL1 H[EV] TAL5T$ HE MAY BE1 REMA9S EXPOS$ TO ! UNCALCULABLE VICISSITUDES ( ! M>KET4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 L>GE-SCALE COLLECTIVE SAFEGU>D+ MU/ REPLACE SMALL-SCALE 9DIVIDUAL SAFEGU>D+4 ,! CAPITALI/S1 :O >E 9DEP5D5T ( ONE ANO!R1 & 9DE$ HO/ILE TO ONE ANO!R1 HAVE TO COMB9E 9 ! ONE MATT] :I* = !M IS ( C5TRAL IMPORTANCE--9 ! MATT] ( MONEY4 ,!Y 5GAGE 9 MUTUAL AID BY E/ABLI%+ BANKS2 HELP ONE ANO!R \T BY ! JO9T PROVISION ( CR$IT2 AMALGAMATE !IR 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S 9TO A UNITY BY MEASURES CONCEIV$ 9 ! G5]AL CAPITALI/ 9T]E/4 ,!NCE=W>D ! MA9 PROCESS ( CIRCULATION CAN BE BETT] SUBJECT$ TO EXAM9ATION 9 ALL ITS PHASES4 ,9 A S5SE1 ! *AOTIC 9T]PLAY ( PH5OM5A & MOVEM5TS IS REGULAT$ TO ?IS EXT5T1 ?AT ! BASIC PILL>S ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY 7! CONT9UANCE ( COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 ! CREATION ( SURPLUS VALUE1 ! SUPPLY ( SUBSI/5CE TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ! 5RI*M5T ( ! B\RGEOISIE7 >E SECUR$4 ,?US A PRIM>Y PROVISION IS MADE = PROGRESSIVE ACCUMULATION1 = ! EVOLUTION ( CAPITALISM 9TO MILI] SIMPLICITY4 ,! CAPITALI/1 N[ADAYS1 IS NOT ONLY A PRODUC] ( COMMODITIES2 HE IS ALSO A SELL] ( COMMODITIES1 A MIDDLEMAN1 A M]*ANT1 A BANK]1 A L&[N]1 A PURVEYOR ( RAW MAT]IALS4 ,HE APPE>S 9 MANY %APES4 ,N[1 AS FROM ! FIR/1 9 SO F> AS HE IS A PRODUC] ( COMMODITIES HE IS A PRODUC] ( SURPLUS VALUE4 ,BUT1 AS ECONOMIC LIFE HAS GR[N MORE COMPLICAT$1 HE HAS DELEGAT$ HIS FUNCTIONS TO V>I\S P]SONS4 ,!Y ALL TAKE P>T1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 9 ! PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES1 ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WAGE WORK]S1 ! SALE ( COMMODITIES1 ! PROVISION ( CAPITAL1 ! CONT9UANCE ( ! CAPITALI/ PROCESS1 & ! ORIG9ATION ( PR(IT4 ,!Y ALL HELP TO 5SURE ?AT CAPITAL %ALL MAKE PR(IT4 ,!Y PRES5T !IR RESPECTIVE CLAIMS1 DEM& !IR APPROPRIATE %>ES 9 ! SPOIL4 ,!Y 9SI/ UPON BE+ SATISFI$4 ,PR(IT HAS TO BE DIVID$ AMONG A PACK ( HUNGRY WOLVES4 ,BUT :AT %>E 9 ! SPOILS IS ?IS OR ?AT 9DIVIDUAL TO GET8 ,H[ IS IT TO BE MEASUR$8 ,:O DECIDES8 ,H[ IS ! DI/RIBUTION SO REGULAT$ ?AT NO ONE %ALL GO %ORT8 ,! ANSW] IS ?AT ! WORLD ( COMMODITIES REGULATES !SE ?+S = ITSELF4 ,! ME*ANISM ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM IS SO CONTRIV$ ?AT1 \T ( ! 9T]PLAY ( ITS =CES1 FACTORS1 & TR5DS1 ! SATISFACTION ( ALL ! BE=E-M5TION$ CLAIMS SPONTANE\SLY 5SUES4 ,! SETTLEM5T OCCURS )\T PLAN OR SET S*EME1 )\T RULES & REGULATIONS1 SIMPLY AS ! EFFECT ( ! IMMAN5T LOGIC ( COMMODITIES1 & ! IMMAN5T JU/ICE ( !IR EX*ANGE1 :I* !MSELVES =MULATE ! PR9CIPLE 9 ACCORDANCE :]E) EA* GETS HIS %>E4 ,IT IS H]E ?AT ! FETI%I/IC *>ACT] ( COMMODITIES MANIFE/S ITS SUPREME TRIUMPH1 & IT IS TO ?IS MATT] ?AT ,M>X DEVOTES ! ?IRD VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL4 ,!RE HE F9DS ! ANSW] TO A RIDDLE OV] :I* ! PR(ESSIONAL ECONOMI/S HAD PREVI\SLY PUZZL$ !IR HEADS 9 VA94 ,HE UNRAVELS ! MY/]Y ( ! FACT ?AT ! CAPITALS 9VE/$ 9 DIFF]5T BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION1 AL?\< !Y 0WORK0 UND] ! MO/ WIDELY V>Y+ CONDITIONS1 NEV]!LESS1 AT ANY P>TICUL> TIME & )9 ! B\ND>IES ( ANY P>TICUL> C\NTRY1 SECURE MU* ! SAME GA9S1 PRODUCE AN AV]AGE RATE ( PR(IT4 ,?IS AV]AGE RATE ( PR(IT >ISES BECAUSE ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! PR(ITS CANCEL ONE ANO!R :5 ! COMMODITIES >E BE+ SOLD 9 ! M>KET4 ,! M9US :I* RESULTS :5 C]TA9 K9DS ( COMMODITIES >E SOLD AT LESS ?AN !IR VALUE IS COMP5SAT$ BY ! PLUS :5 C]TA9 O!R K9DS ( COMMODITIES >E SOLD ABOVE !IR VALUE4 ,?US !RE >ISES AN AV]AGE 9 :I* ALL V>IATIONS >E LEVEL$4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/ DOES NOT P\* ! PR(IT MADE BY HIM 9 9DIVIDUAL PRODUCTION1 BUT ONLY ! PROPORTIONAL %>E ?AT ACCRUES TO HIM \T ( ! G5]AL SPOIL4 0,AS F> AS PR(IT IS CONC]N$1 ! V>I\S CAPITALI/S PLAY ! P>T ( M]E %>EHOLD]S 9 A JO9T-/OCK COMPANY1 :OSE %>ES 9 ! PR(IT >E A P]C5TAGE ALLOTT$ PROPORTIONALLY TO !IR HOLD+S2 & ?US !SE %>ES DIFF] FROM CAPITALI/ TO CAPITALI/ ONLY 9 PROPORTION TO ! AM\NT ( ! CAPITAL :I* EA* HAS 9VE/$ 9 ! JO9T UND]TAK+40 ,AS IF 5D[$ ) MAGICAL P[]S1 AS IF DOM9AT$ BY ELEM5TAL =CES1 ! WORLD ( COMMODITIES REGULATES ITS AFFAIRS 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS [N WILL & 9 PURSUANCE ( ITS [N LAWS1 REGULATES ! C\RSE ( ! PROCESSES & ! BALANC+ ( ! PR(ITS 9 A WAY ?AT IS 9DEP5D5T ( 9DIVIDUAL 9TELLIG5CE & ) A C]TA9TY :I* IS F> BEYOND ! P[] ( HUMAN FUNCTION+4 ,ONLY ! FIRMAM5T ( HEAV51 :]E ! />S MOVE ON !IR C\RSES = ALL ET]NITY 9DEP5D5T ( ! HUMAN WILL1 (F]S A P>ALLEL TO ! MY/]Y ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,BUT JU/ AS ! SCI5CE ( A/RONOMY HAS DISCLOS$ ! WORK+ ( ! HEAV5S1 HAS DESCRIB$ ! PA?S ( ! />S1 HAS LE>N$ H[ TO PR$ICT COSMIC CATA/ROPHES1 & HAS ?US REVEAL$ TO US ! SECRETS ( ! FIRMAM5T1 SO ,M>X HAS ?R[N LIKNESS ( ECONOMIC HAPP5+S1 HAS DISCOV]$ ! LAWS ( ! WORLD ( COMMODITIES1 HAS DISCLOS$ ! ME*ANISMS ( ! W9N+ ( PR(ITS1 & HAS !REBY RESOLV$ ! MY/]I\S PR$E/9ATION ( MAN TO WEAL? OR POV]TY 9TO ! CALCULABLE CONSEQU5CES ( A MUTABLE SY/EM4 ,HE HAS %[N ?AT 9T]E/1 L&-R5T1 REV5UES ( ALL K9DS1 EV]Y =M ( CAPITALI/ GA91 >E ESS5TIALLY NO?+ MORE ?AN PR(IT UND] A MASQU]ADE4 ,( ! ?REE VOLUMES ( ,CAPITAL1 ! FIR/ IS ! MO/ /RAID1 ! MO/ COMPACT1 ! MO/ IMPRESSIVE1 & ! MO/ IMPORTANT4 ,?\< IT BE TRUE ?AT ! SECOND VOLUME SUPPLEM5TS ! ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM 9 WAYS ?AT >E ( V]Y GREAT SIGNIFICANCE1 & ?\< IT BE TRUE ?AT FROM ! SCI5TIFIC /&PO9T ! ?IRD VOLUME MU/ BE REG>D$ AS ! COMPLETION ( ! ,M>XIAN CRITICISM ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 IT IS UNQUE/IONABLE ?AT ! MA9 FEATURES ( ,M>X'S SCI5TIFIC A*IEVEM5T >E CONTA9$ 9 ! FIR/ VOLUME4 ,IT ANSW]S ! TWO C5TRAL PROBLEMS ) :I* SOCIALISM & ! LABOR MOVEM5T >E CONC]N$3 ! ORIG9 ( SURPLUS VALUE2 & ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,ONLY :5 WE HAVE LE>N$ H[ SURPLUS VALUE ORIG9ATES1 CAN WE SCI5TIFICALLY EXPLA9 H[ ! PROLET>IAT IS EXPLOIT$4 ,ONLY :5 WE HAVE UND]/OOD ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! LABOR PROCESS1 CAN WE SCI5TIFICALLY DEMON/RATE ! FUNDAM5TALS ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 ,! SOLUTION ( ! =M] PROBLEM REVEALS TO ! WORK] ! NATURE ( ! CAPITALI/ PRES5T2 ! SOLUTION ( ! SECOND PROBLEM DISCLOSES TO HIM ! WAY TO ! SOCIALI/ FUTURE4 ,!RE) ! MA9 NE$ ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 AS F> AS !ORY IS CONC]N$1 HAS BE5 SATISFI$4 ,REG>D$ FROM ! \TLOOK ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 !SE TWO PROBLEMS >E ( MORE PRIM>Y & MORE BASIC IMPORTANCE ?AN ANY O!RS1 H[EV] 9T]E/+ & NOTEWOR?Y O!RS MAY BE 9 RESPECT ( DETAIL4 ,?AT EXPLA9S :Y 9 SOCIALI/ CIRCLES1 AMONG ! 9TELLECTUALS & ! LEAD]S AS WELL AS AMONG ! RANK & FILE1 A KN[L$GE ( ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL IS USUALLY CONF9$ TO ! FIR/ VOLUME4 ,?IS FIR/ VOLUME IS CONT9UALLY BE+ DISCUSS$1 HAS BE5 POPUL>IZ$1 IS UTILIZ$ DAY BY DAY = PROPAG&A PURPOSES2 ! SECOND & ?IRD VOLUMES GA!R DU/ ON ! %ELVES ( LIBR>IES4 ,B]N>D ,%AW1 ! SEMI-SOCIALI/ ,FABIAN1 WAS RIXI/4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ,HYNDMAN WAS LIKEWISE RIRI$ ON ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ! ,M>XIAN S5SE4 ,9 ACTUAL FACT1 A KN[L$GE ( ! FIR/ VOLUME WAS FULLY ADEQUATE = ?AT PHASE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE :I* N[ LIES BEH9D US4 ,BUT ) EV]Y /EP WE TAKE BEYOND ?IS PHASE1 ! SECOND & ?IRD VOLUMES GA9 9 IMPORTANCE4 ,! VISAGE ( ,M>XISM *ANGES AS ! TIMES *ANGE4 ,AS AGA9/ ! VULG> ,M>XI/ ( ! OLD S*OOL1 :O BASES HIS !ORETICAL TR5D EXCLUSIVELY UPON ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL & UPON A CRUDELY ME*ANI/IC HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM1 ! MOD]N ,M>XI/1 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ,M>XISM IS LIKE ALL ELSE SUBJECT TO EVOLUTION1 IS (T5 TEMPT$ TO E*O ,M>X BY SAY+3 0,= MY P>T1 ,I AM NOT A ,M>XI/60 ,! ,EV5+ & ! ,5D ,FATE GRUDG$ ,M>X ! PRIVILEGE ( S5D+ ! SECOND & ?IRD VOLUMES ( ,CAPITAL TO ! PRESS4 ,DEA? /RUCK ! P5 FROM HIS H&4 ,HIS GREAT DESIGN ( PRODUC+ A /&>D TREATISE ON ECONOMICS REMA9$ UNFULFILL$4 ,5GELS1 HIS EXECUTOR 9 SCI5TIFIC MATT]S1 SAW TO IT ?AT AT LEA/ ,CAPITAL %\LD BE F9I%$4 ,TAK+ OV] ! $ITOR%IP ( ! MANUSCRIPTS LEFT BY ,M>X1 HE PREP>$ !M = ! PRESS1 PUBLI%+ ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL 9 #a#h#h#e1 & ! ?IRD VOLUME 9 #a#h#i#d4 ,FROM #ahg ONW>DS1 ! FRI5D%IP BETWE5 ,M>X & ,5GELS WAS YET FUR!R CEM5T$ BY PROXIMITY ( RESID5CE4 ,5GELS HAD RETIR$ FROM HIS POSITION 9 ! FIRM ( ,]M5 & ,5GELS1 HAD LEFT ,MAN*E/]1 & HAD SETTL$ D[N 9 ,LONDON4 ,UND] DATE ,NOVEMB] #b#i1 #a#h#f#h1 HE WROTE TO ,M>X3 0#a4 ,H[ MU* MONEY WILL Y\ NE$ TO PAY ALL Y\R DEBTS1 SO ?AT Y\ CAN MAKE A CLEAN />T8 #b4 ,CAN Y\ GET ALONG ) ,G,B,P#c#e A YE> = Y\R ORD9>Y NE$S 7EXCLUD+ EXTRAORD9>Y EXP5DITURE UPON ILLNESS & O!R UN=ESE5 HAPP5+S72 GET ALONG SO ?AT Y\ WILL NOT NE$ TO RUN 9TO DEBT ANY MORE8 ,IF ?AT SUM WILL NOT SUFFICE1 LET ME KN[ JU/ :AT Y\ WILL REQUIRE4 ,ALL ?IS ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ! OLD DEBTS >E FIR/ ( ALL PAID (F4 ,MY NEGOTIATIONS ) ,GOTTFRI$ ,]M5 HAVE TAK5 SU* A TURN ?AT HE WI%ES TO BUY ME \T :5 MY CONTRACT EXPIRES ON ,JUNE #c?2 ?AT IS TO SAY HE (F]S ME A SUM ( MONEY IF ,I PL$GE MYSELF NOT TO />T A COMPETITIVE BUS9ESS )9 ! NEXT FIVE YE>S1 & ALL[ HIM TO C>RY ON ! FIRM4 ,?AT IS ! V]Y PO9T TO :I* ,I WI%$ TO BR+ HIM4 444 ,! SUM HE (F]S ME WILL 5ABLE ME TO PAY Y\ ,G,B,P#c#e A YE> = ! NEXT FIVE OR SIX YE>S1 C]TA9LY1 & 9 SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES A LITTLE MORE40 ,M>X ANSW]$ BY RETURN ( PO/3 0,I AM QUITE OV]COME BY Y\R EXTREME K9DNESS4 ,MY WIFE & ,I HAVE GONE 9TO ! FIGURES TOGE!R1 & WE F9D ?AT ! AM\NT ( ! DEBTS IS MU* L>G] ?AN ,I HAD SUPPOS$1 ,G,B,P#b#a 7( :I* AB\T ,G,B,P#g#e >E = ! PAWN%OP & 9T]E/740 ,ON ,JULY #a1 #a#h#f#i1 ,5GELS1 ) AN HURRAH1 SAID F>EWELL TO 0SWEET COMM]CE10 BECAME A 0FREE MAN10 MADE A 0CLEAN SWEEP0 ( ,M>X'S DEBTS1 & A YE> LAT] REMOV$ TO ,LONDON1 SETTL+ D[N CLOSE TO ,M>X4 ,9 ! ,M>X H\SEHOLD1 MEAN:ILE1 !RE HAD BE5 MANY *ANGES4 ,SUITORS HAD COME = ! TWO ELD] DAUX HAD WRITT5 TO ,5GELS3 0,S9CE YE/]DAY1 ,LAURA IS HALF PL$G$ TO ,MONSIEUR ,LAF>GUE1 MY CREOLE M$ICAL /UD5T4 ,%E HAS BE5 TREAT+ HIM MU* LIKE ! O!RS1 BUT ! EMOTIONAL EXCESSES *>ACT]I/IC ( CREOLES1 A C]TA9 FE> ON H] P>T ?AT ! Y\NG MAN 7HE IS TW5TY-FIVE YE>S OLD7 W\LD DO HIMSELF A HURT1 & SO ON1 P]HAPS SOME PR$ILECTION = HIM1 COLD AS EV] 9 ,LAURA'S CASE 7HE IS A H&SOME1 9TELLIG5T1 & VIGOR\SLY DEVELOP$ FELL[71 HAVE L$1 MORE OR LESS1 TO A COMPROMISE4 ,! Y\NG MAN ATTA*$ HIMSELF TO ME AT ! \TSET1 BUT SOON TRANSF]R$ ! ATTRACTION FROM ! OLD MAN TO ! DAUIS ,UNIV]SITY = TWO YE>S ON ACC\NT ( ! ,LIEGE ,CONGRESS1 BUT 9T5DS TO PASS HIS EXAM9ATION 9 ,/RASBURG40 ,M>X ASK$ = PRECISE P>TICUL>S AS TO ! PROP]TY QUE/ION FROM ! W\LD-BE SON-9-LAW'S P>5TS1 &1 :5 !SE P>TICUL>S PROV$ SATISFACTORY1 CATEGORICALLY DECL>$ ?AT 0!RE MU/ BE NO QUE/ION ( A M>RIAGE0 UNTIL Y\NG ,LAF>GUE HAD PASS$ ALL HIS EXAM9ATIONS4 0,YE/]DAY ,I TOLD \R CREOLE ?AT UNLESS HE CAN CALM HIS MANN]S D[N TO ! ,5GLI% /&>D1 ,LAURA WILL UNC]EMONI\SLY DISMISS HIM4 ,HE MU/ MAKE ?IS P]FECTLY CLE> TO HIMSELF1 OR ! :OLE ?+ WILL BE BROK5 (F4 ,HE IS A ?OR\GUE PASS$ HIS EXAM9ATION1 & M>RI$ HIS ,LAURA4 ,HAV+ SETTL$ D[N TO PRACTICE 9 ,P>IS1 HE TOOK P>T 9 ! /RUGGLES ( ! ,COMMUNE1 BECAME A REFUGEE :5 ! ,COMMUNE WAS SUPPRESS$1 & RETURN$ TO ,LONDON4 ,HE AB&ON$ HIS M$ICAL C>E] ON ! GR\ND ?AT ?IS 0C\LD NOT BE C>RI$ ON )\T QUACK]Y10 & />T$ 9 BUS9ESS AS A PHOTOGRAPH]1 AT :I* HE MADE B>ELY 5\< TO LIVE UPON4 ,J5NY1 TOO1 HAD A WOO]4 ,?IS WAS ,*>LES ,LONGUET1 $ITOR ( A P]IODICAL RUN BY ! SOCIALI/ /UD5TS ( ,P>IS4 ,HE WAS S5T TO ,LONDON 9 #ahff AS A DELEGATE ( ! ,FR5* SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* WAS 9 OPPOSITION TO ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL4 ,%ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 ,LONGUET BECAME A MEMB] ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL4 ,DUR+ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 HE WAS $ITOR ( ! (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,COMMUNE1 & A MEMB] ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,COMMUNE4 ,9 #a#h#g#c1 HE M>RI$ ,J5NY1 & EV5TUALLY W5T BACK ) H] TO ,P>IS4 ,( ! ?REE DAUAY1 ! HI/ORIAN ( ! ,COMMUNE1 :O 9 #ahga HAD TAK5 REFUGE 9 ,LONDON2 BUT ,M>X DISAPPROV$ ( ! W\LD-BE SON-9-LAW4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY ,TUSSY 5T]$ 9TO A FREE UNION ) ,$W>D ,AVEL+1 WAS V]Y UNHAPPY ) HIM1 & AFT] A TIME COMMITT$ SUICIDE4 ,B]N>D ,%AW TOOK ,AVEL+ AS ! MODEL = ,DUB$AT 9 ,! ,DOCTOR'S ,DILEMMA4 ,MANY YE>S LAT]1 ,LAURA ,LAF>GUE & H] HUSB& COMMITT$ SUICIDE 9 ,P>IS1 TO ESCAPE ! DISAGREEABLES ( OLD AGE4 ,JEAN ,LONGUET1 A SON ( ,*>LES ,LONGUET1 LEAD] ( ! LEFT W+ ( ! ,FR5* SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 IS ! ONLY LIV+ DESC5DANT ( ,M>X :O PLAYS AN ACTIVE P>T 9 PUBLIC LIFE4 ,:5 ! H\SEHOLD HAD BE5 R$UC$ BY ! M>RIAGES ( ,J5NY & ,LAURA1 ,M>X REMOV$ TO #da ,MAITL& ,P>K ,ROAD1 ,HAV]/OCK ,HILL4 ,H]E HE SP5T ! CLOS+ YE>S ( HIS LIFE1 :I* W]E 0A SL[ DEA?40 ,FROM #ahgc ONW>DS1 HE SUFF]$ T]RIBLY FROM HEADA*E1 :I* (T5 UNFITT$ HIM = WORK4 ,HIS LONG-/&+ LIV] TR\BLE HAD ALSO RECURR$4 ,5GELS SUMMON$ HIS OLD FRI5D & DOCTOR ,GUMP]T FROM ,MAN*E/]1 & ,GUMP]T ORD]$ A CURE 9 ,K>LSBAD4 ,) ,5GELS' F9ANCIAL HELP1 ,M>X WAS ABLE TO VISIT ,K>LSBAD 9 #a#h#g#d1 #a#h#g#e1 & #a#h#g#f1 & D]IV$ MU* B5EFIT4 ,9 #a#h#g#g1 HE TOOK A C\RSE ( ! WAT]S AT ,NEU5AHR4 ,! LIV] TR\BLE WAS N[ BETT]1 BUT *RONIC /OMA* DISORD]1 9 ASSOCIATION ) HEADA*E1 SLEEPLESSNESS1 N]V\S EXHAU/ION1 & 9CAPACITY = WORK1 W]E AILM5TS ?AT DEFI$ M$ICAL SKILL4 ,A /AY AT ! SEASIDE BR\Y IMPROVEM5T4 ,HIS HEAL? GREW WORSE FROM YE> TO YE>4 ,!RE IS GOOD GR\ND = ! SUPPOSITION ?AT HIS UNSATISFACTORY G5]AL CONDITION WAS AS MU* DEP5D5T UPON PSY*ICAL AS UPON PHYSICAL CAUSES4 ,HIS ILLNESS WAS *>ACT]IZ$ BY PR(\ND DEPRESSION1 BO? BODILY & M5TAL4 ,! COLLAPSE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAD SEEM$ TO HIM TANTAM\NT TO A FAILURE ( HIS LIFE WORK1 AL?\< HIS REASON TOLD HIM ?AT ! BREAKUP ( ! ORGANIZATION HAD BE5 ! \TCOME ( OBJECTIVE NECESSITIES1 JU/ AS ITS F\NDATION HAD BE54 ,FUR!RMORE1 HE HAD HOP$ ?AT ,CAPITAL W\LD HAVE A SIGNAL SUCCESS1 & ! REALITY LAGG$ F> BEH9D HIS EXPECTATIONS4 ,! BOOK WAS TO HAVE PROV$ A LEV] :I* W\LD LIFT ! WORLD \T ( ITS OLD RUT2 BUT ! WORLD W5T ROLL+ ALONG 9 ?AT RUT JU/ AS BE=E1 & AS IF ! BOOK HAD NEV] BE5 WRITT54 ,= YE>S1 ,CAPITAL WAS IGNOR$2 & :5 0!SE TACTICS W]E NO LONG] ACCORDANT ) ! CONDITIONS ( ! TIME10 IT WAS MAUL$ UNCOMPREH5D+LY BY 0! MEALY-M\!D BABBL]S ( ,G]MAN VULG> ECONOMICS40 ,EV5 SU* A MAN AS ,FREILIGRA? C\LD F9D NO?+ BETT] TO SAY ?AN ?AT 0ON ! ,RH9E MANY M]*ANTS & FACTORY [N]S WILL DISPLAY GREAT 5?USIASM = ! BOOK40 ,9 VIEW ( SU* WIDESPREAD LACK ( UND]/&+1 IT WAS A POOR CONSOLATION TO ,M>X TO F9D 0ONE READ] :O REALLY UND]/OOD ,CAPITAL10 ,JOSEPH ,DIETZG51 A MAN ( PROLET>IAN ORIG91 MAK+ HIS LIVELIHOOD 9 ,RUSSIA AS A TANN]4 ,!RE W]E ADDITIONAL REASONS = ,M>X'S DEPRESSION4 ,9 ,G]MANY A VIGOR\S SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T HAD DEVELOP$2 BUT IT W5T ITS [N WAY1 F\ CORRESPOND5CE ) ,M>X & ,5GELS1 ASK+ C\NSEL & HELP UPON DIFFICULT POLITICAL PROBLEMS1 & PAY+ DUE RESPECT TO ! ORACLE 9 ,LONDON4 ,BUT ,LIEBKNE*T WAS NOT ! ,G]MAN P>TY1 :I* 9 IMPORTANT MATT]S WAS APT TO DISREG>D HIS WI%ES1 & TO FOLL[ ITS [N B5T4 ,?US IT CAME TO PASS ?AT ,LIEBKNE*T (T5 9CURR$ ,M>X'S WRA?4 ,9 LETT]S EX*ANG$ BETWE5 ,M>X & ,5GELS WE F9D MU* ANGRY & EV5 CONTEMPTU\S CRITICISM ( HIM & HIS DO+S4 ,= !SE DIFF]5CES & DI%>MONIES !RE WAS A DEEP-SEAT$ CAUSE4 ,M>X1 :O HAD N[ BE5 LIV+ 9 ,5GL& = SEV]AL DECADES1 HAD LO/ T\* ) ,G]MANY1 & NO LONG] POSSESS$ AN 9TIMATE UND]/&+ ( ! PECULI>ITIES ( ! ,G]MAN SITUATION4 ,HE SAW EV]Y?+ ,G]MAN 9 A DI/ORT$ P]SPECTIVE1 ) ! 9EVITABLE RESULT ?AT MANY ( HIS JUDGM5TS W]E ]RONE\S1 & MU* ( ! ADVICE HE T5D]$ FROM ,LONDON WAS 9JUDICI\S OR IMPRACTICABLE4 ,!SE DISCREPANCIES BECAME CONSPICU\S :5 ! ,LASSALLI/S & ! ,EIS5A*]S1 WE>Y ( P]PETUAL WRANGL+1 & YIELD+ TO ! PRESSURE ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 CAME TOGE!R AT ,GO?A 9 #a#h#g#e1 & F\ND$ ! UNIT$ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 ,M>X /R5U\SLY OPPOS$ ?IS /EP1 SUBJECT$ ! PROGRAM ( UNIFICATION TO A FI]CELY DE/RUCTIVE CRITICISM1 &1 9 A LETT] TO ,LIEBKNE*T1 TRI$ TO GIVE ! C\RSE ( EV5TS ! TURN HE DESIR$4 ,LIEBKNE*T DID ! BE/ ?+ HE C\LD :5 HE KEPT ! LETT] 9 HIS POCKET2 BUT ,M>X WAS AFFRONT$1 FELT HIMSELF %UT \T & ROBB$ ( HIS 9FLU5CE1 WAS W\ND$ 9 HIS MO/ S5SITIVE SPOT1 HIS VANITY4 ,HIS RELATIONS ) ! ,FR5* SOCIALI/S W]E NO HAPPI]4 ,NOT EV5 HIS SONS-9-LAW W\LD M>* 9 ACCORDANCE ) HIS ORD]S1 AL?\< ! ORD]S W]E S5T (T5 5\<4 ,?\< !Y REMA9$ CORDIAL 9 PRIVATE RELATIONS1 !Y TOOK ! LIB]TY ( GO+ !IR [N WAY4 0,LONGUET IS ! LA/ ,PR\DHONI/10 WRITES ,M>X TO ,5GELS 9 #a#h#h#b2 0& ,LAF>GUE IS ! LA/ ,BAKUN9I/6 ,TO ! DEVIL ) !M BO?60 ,MO/ PA9FUL ( ALL TO ,M>X WAS ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 ,5GL&4 ,HE HAD LIV$ & WORK$ !RE = ?IRTY YE>S1 BUT NOT A S+LE GRA9 ( ! SE$ HE HAD CA/ UPON ?IS GR\ND HAD SPR\T$4 ,!RE WAS1 9DE$1 A LABOR MOVEM5T1 BUT IT TOOK NO NOTICE ( ,M>X OR HIS TEA*+4 ,P]SONAL RELATIONS ) ! LEAD]S ( ! MOVEM5T HAD BE5 BROK5 (F2 ) ACRIMONY1 AS A RULE4 ,NO:]E WAS ,M>X HELD SO COMPLETELY AT >MS' L5G? AS H]E4 ,! S5SE ( BE+ =SAK51 ! SPIRITUAL ISOLATION1 MADE HIS ILLNESS MORE & MORE 9TOL]ABLE2 &1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! PROGRESSIVE DET]IORATION 9 HIS BODILY CONDITION MADE HIS MOOD MORE & MORE IRRITABLE4 ,AFT] #a#h#g#h1 ,M>X WAS NO LONG] ABLE TO DO ANY USEFUL SCI5TIFIC WORK4 ,HE C\LD NOT F9I% ANY?+4 ,HIS SELF-CONFID5CE HAD BE5 %ATT]$4 ,AT AB\T ?IS TIME1 ,FRAU ,M>X BEGAN TO FALL ILL4 ,H] LIFE HAD BE5 A H>D ONE1 & N[ ! 5D WAS COM+1 SL[LY & T]RIBLY1 FROM CANC]4 ,MAK+ A LA/ H]OIC EF=T1 %E FULFILL$ A LONG FELT WI% 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#h#h#a1 BY GO+ TO ,P>IS TO VISIT H] DAUX WAS LAID UP ) BRON*ITIS & PLEURISY4 ,TUSSY & ,L5*5 ,DEMU? HAD DEVOT$ !MSELVES TO ! C>E ( ! 9VALID1 & HAD HAD ! PLEASURE ( SEE+ HIM ON HIS FEET ONCE MORE4 ,WRIT+ TO A FRI5D1 ,TUSSY SAYS3 0,MO!R WAS 9 B$ 9 ! BIG FRONT ROOM1 & ,MOHR 9 ! BACK ROOM4 ,!SE TWO1 :OSE LIVES HAD BE5 SO CLOSELY 9T]TW9$1 C\LD NO LONG] BE TOGE!R4 ,MOHR GOT OV] HIS ILLNESS4 ,I %ALL NEV] =GET ! MORN+ :5 HE FELT /RONG 5\< TO GO 9TO MO!R'S ROOM4 ,IT WAS AS IF !Y HAD BE5 QUITE Y\NG AGA9--%E A LOV+ GIRL & HE A LOV+ Y\?1 5T]+ UPON LIFE TOGE!R1 9/EAD ( AN OLD MAN RAVAG$ BY ILLNESS1 & A DY+ OLD WOMAN1 TAK+ LEAVE ( ONE ANO!R = EV]40 ,FRAU ,M>X DI$ ON ,DECEMB] #b1 #a#h#h#a4 ,:5 ,5GELS 5T]$ ! H\SE1 HE SAID3 0,MOHR IS DEAD TOO40 ,H[ TRUE ?IS WAS WAS %[N BY ! RAPID EBB :I* N[ SET 9 9 ,M>X'S =CES4 ,WRIT+ TO ,SORGE 9 ,DECEMB]1 ,M>X SAID3 0,I HAVE COME \T ( ! LA/ ILLNESS D\BLY CRIPPL$1 MORALLY BY ! DEA? ( MY WIFE1 PHYSICALLY BECAUSE IT HAS LEFT A ?ICK5+ ( ! DIAPHRAGM & GREAT IRRITABILITY ( ! BRON*IAL TUBES40 ,5GELS DID EV]Y?+ 9 HIS P[] TO PROMOTE A CURE4 ,UND] M$ICAL ORD]S ,M>X VISIT$ ! ,ISLE ( ,WI* & ,APRIL #a#h#h#b1 HE W5T TO ,ALGI]S1 :]E ! WEA!R WAS UNK9D1 BE+ RA9Y & COLD4 ,MAY HE SP5T 9 ,CANNES1 ,NICE1 & ,MONTE ,C>LO4 ,9 ,JUNE & ,JULY1 HE WAS ) HIS DAUG5TEUIL NE> ,P>IS2 & HE /AY$ DUR+ ,AUGU/ ) ,LAURA AT ,VEVEY ON ! ,LAKE ( ,G5EVA4 ,9 ! 5D ( ,SEPTEMB] HE GOT BACK TO ,LONDON1 OBVI\SLY MU* BETT]1 & 9 ! MOOD = WORK4 ,TO AVOID ! ,LONDON FOGS1 HE W5T AGA9 TO ! ,ISLE ( ,WIY #a#b1 #a#h#h#c1 ,M>X'S FAVORITE DAU* #a#d?4 ,WRIT+ TO ,SORGE1 LATE ON ! FOLL[+ EV5+1 ,5GELS SAID3 0,= ! LA/ SIX WEEKS1 EV]Y MORN+ AS ,I TURN$ ! CORN] 9TO ! /REET1 ,I WAS 9 T]ROR LE/ ,I %\LD SEE ! BL9DS D[N4 ,YE/]DAY AFT]NOON 7! AFT]NOON WAS ! BE/ TIME TO VISIT HIM7 :5 ,I >RIV$ AT #b3#c ,I F\ND EV]Y ONE 9 TE>S1 = IT SEEM$ ?AT ! 5D WAS AT H&4 ,I ASK$ :AT HAD HAPP5$1 & TRI$ TO MAKE !M LOOK AT ! HOPEFUL SIDE4 ,HE HAD ONLY HAD A SLI$ = A SICK *ILD1 W5T UP/AIRS1 & CAME BACK TO TELL ME ?AT HE WAS 9 A DOZE1 BUT ,I MIIAN MOVEM5T ( TWO WORLDS ) HIS MIE1 WE >E ?R\< HIM2 :AT ! CONTEMPOR>Y MOVEM5T IS1 IT IS ?ANKS TO HIS ACTIVITY 9 ! FIELDS ( !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,)\T HIM1 WE %\LD /ILL BE W&]+ 9 A MAZE ( CONFUSION40 ,ON ,M>* #a#g?1 ,M>X WAS BURI$ 9 ,HIGUE1 & ONE OR TWO O!R FRI5DS4 ,5GELS DELIV]$ A FUN]AL ORATION1 :I* MAY BE GIV5 AT FULL L5G?1 = IT CONTA9S AN ADMIRABLE SUMM>Y ( ,M>X'S LIFE WORK4 0,ON ,M>* #a#d?1 AT A QU>T] TO ?REE 9 ! AFT]NOON1 ! GREATE/ ( LIV+ ?9K]S CEAS$ TO ?9K4 ,HE HAD BE5 LEFT ALONE = B>ELY TWO M9UTES2 BUT :5 WE 5T]$ HIS ROOM WE F\ND ?AT1 SEAT$ 9 HIS *AIR1 HE HAD QUIETLY GONE TO SLEEP--= EV]4 0,! LOSS :I* HIS DEA? HAS 9FLICT$ UPON ! FIIAT 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA1 & UPON ! SCI5CE ( HI/ORY1 IS IMMEASURABLE4 ,! GAPS ?AT WILL BE MADE BY ! DEA? ( ?IS TITAN WILL SOON BE FELT4 0,JU/ AS ,D>W9 DISCOV]$ ! LAW ( EVOLUTION 9 ORGANIC NATURE1 SO ,M>X DISCOV]$ ! LAW ( EVOLUTION 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,HE DISCOV]$ ! SIMPLE FACT 7H]ET(ORE HIDD5 B5EA? IDEOLOGICAL EXCRESC5CES7 ?AT HUMAN BE+S MU/ HAVE FOOD & DR9K1 CLO?+ & %ELT]1 FIR/ ( ALL1 BE=E !Y CAN 9T]E/ !MSELVES 9 POLITICS1 SCI5CE1 >T1 RELIGION1 & ! LIKE4 ,?IS IMPLIES ?AT ! PRODUCTION ( ! IMM$IATELY REQUISITE MAT]IAL MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 & !RE) ! EXTANT ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5TAL PHASE ( A NATION OR AN EPO*1 CON/ITUTE ! F\NDATION UPON :I* ! ,/ATE 9/ITUTIONS1 ! LEGAL \TLOOKS1 ! >TI/IC & EV5 ! RELIGI\S IDEAS1 ( ?OSE CONC]N$1 HAVE BE5 BUILT UP4 ,IT IMPLIES ?AT !SE LATT] MU/ BE EXPLA9$ \T ( ! =M]1 :]EAS USUALLY ! =M] HAVE BE5 EXPLA9$ AS ISSU+ FROM ! LATT]4 0,NOR WAS ?IS ALL4 ,M>X LIKEWISE DISCOV]$ ! SPECIAL LAW ( MOTION PROP] TO ! CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALI/ ME?OD ( PRODUCTION & TO ! B\RGEOIS SOCIETY :I* ?AT ME?OD ( PRODUCTION HAS BR\K4 0,TWO SU* DISCOV]IES MIX MADE 9DEP5D5T DISCOV]IES--EV5 9 MA!MATICS4 0,I HAVE PICTUR$ ! MAN ( SCI5CE4 ,BUT ! MAN ( SCI5CE WAS /ILL ONLY HALF ! MAN4 ,= ,M>X1 SCI5CE WAS A MOTIVE =CE ( HI/ORY1 WAS A REVOLUTION>Y =CE4 ,:IL/ HE TOOK A PURE DELIY 9FLU5CE ON 9DU/RY1 ON HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION 9 G5]AL4 ,= 9/ANCE1 HE PAID CLOSE ATT5TION TO ! ADVANCES ( ELECTRICAL SCI5CE1 &1 ( LATE YE>S1 TO ! DISCOV]IES ( ,M>CEL ,DEPREZ4 0,=1 BE=E ALL ELSE1 ,M>X WAS A REVOLUTIONI/4 ,TO COLLABORATE 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R 9 ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY & ( ! ,/ATE 9/ITUTIONS CREAT$ BY ?AT SOCIETY2 TO COLLABORATE 9 ! FREE+ ( ! MOD]N PROLET>IAT1 :I* HE WAS ! FIR/ TO 9SPIRE ) A CONSCI\SNESS ( ITS NE$S1 ) A KN[L$GE ( ! CONDITIONS REQUISITE = ITS EMANCIPATION--?IS WAS HIS TRUE MISSION 9 LIFE4 ,FIISIAN ',VORW>TS' 9 #a#h#d#d1 ON ! ',DEUTS*E ,BRUSSEL] ,ZEITUNG' 9 #a#h#d#g1 ON ! ',NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG' 9 #ahdh & #a#h#d#i1 ON ! ',NEW ,YORK ,TRIBUNE' FROM #aheb TO #a#h#f#a2 A GREAT NUMB] ( PAMPHLETS2 MULTIF>I\S ACTIVITIES 9 ,P>IS1 ,BRUSSELS1 & ,LONDON2 F9ALLY1 AS CR[N ( HIS LABORS1 ! F\NDATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION3 !RE Y\ HAVE HIS RECORD4 ,HAD ,M>X DONE NO?+ BUT F\ND ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ?AT WAS AN A*IEVEM5T ( :I* HE MIX WAS ! BE/ HAT$ & MO/ CALUMNIAT$ MAN ( HIS TIME4 ,HE WAS %[N ! DOOR BY V>I\S GOV]NM5TS1 REPUBLICAN AS WELL AS ABSOLUTE4 ,B\RGEOIS1 ULTRA-DEMOCRATS AS WELL AS CONS]VATIVES1 VI$ ) ONE ANO!R 9 SPREAD+ LIBELS AB\T HIM4 ,HE BRU%$ !SE ASIDE LIKE COBWEBS1 IGNOR$ !M1 ONLY TR\BL$ TO ANSW] !M :5 HE POSITIVELY HAD TO4 ,YET HE HAS GONE D[N TO HIS DEA? HONOR$1 LOV$1 & M\RN$ BY MILLIONS ( REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S ALL OV] ! WORLD1 9 ,EUROPE & ,ASIA AS F> EA/W>D AS ! ,SIB]IAN M9ES1 & 9 ,AM]ICA AS F> WE/W>D AS ,CALI=NIA4 ,I CAN BOLDLY ASS]T ?AT1 :ILE HE MAY /ILL HAVE MANY ADV]S>IES1 HE HAS N[ H>DLY ONE P]SONAL 5EMY4 0,HIS NAME & HIS WORKS WILL LIVE ON ?R\< ! C5TURIES40 ,! 9SCRIPTION ON ! TOMB READS AS FOLL[S3 ,J5NY VON ,WE/PHAL5 ,! ,BELOV$ ,WIFE ( ,K>L ,M>X ,BORN #a#b4 ,FEBRU>Y #ahad ,DI$ #b4 ,DECEMB] #ahha ,& ,K>L ,M>X ,BORN ,MAY #e4 #a#h#a#h2 ,DI$ ,M>* #a#d4 #ahhc ,& ,H>RY ,LONGUET ,!IR ,GR&SON ,BORN ,JULY #d4 #a#h#g#h2 ,DI$ ,M>* #b4 #ahhc ,& ,HEL5E ,DEMU? ,BORN ,JANU>Y #a4 #a#h#b#c2 ,DI$ ,NOVEMB] #d4 #a#h#i4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/