,P>T #f1 ,*APT] #b ,CON/RUCT+ AN ALT]NATIVE TO ,M>XISM-,L59ISM3 ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/S & PREFIGURATIVE POLITICS ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX ,PRI*>D ,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON ,AU?OR 3 ,B5OIT ,*ALL& ,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY ,AU?OR 3 ,*I>A ,BOTTICI ,TEXT 3 ,CON/RUCT+ AN ALT]NATIVE TO ,M>XISM-,L59ISM3 ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/S & PREFIGURATIVE POLITICS ,J]EMY ,TRANM] ,I'D LIKE TO BEG9 ) A QUOTATION FROM AN >TICLE WRITT5 BY A =M] MEMB] ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA93 ,! M>XI/ & PO/-M>XI/ LEFT HAS AN E/ABLI%$ VIEW ( AN>*I/ POLITICS4 ,WE HALF REMEMB] READ+ AB\T ! SPLITS 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL BETWE5 ,M>X & ,BAKUN91 9 :I* ! SELF-C5T]$ AN>*I/S1 ) !IR UTOPIAN & UNREALI/IC PROPOSALS1 W]E DEFEAT$ BY A COMB9ATION ( H>D-HITT+ POLEMIC & H>D-NOS$ -- & SOMETIMES UND]H& -- TACTICAL MANEUV]+4 ,MORE REC5TLY1 AN>*ISM HAS BE5 ASSOCIAT$ ) ULTRA-LEFTI/ POLITICS -- ADV5TURI/ SOLUTIONS ( 9DIVIDUALI/ ACTIONS & /RATEGIES :I* >E ?\*I/ MASS ORGANIZATIONS & ,TROTSKYI/ P>TIES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 ?R\< TO ! T]RORI/ /UPIDITIES ( ! HALF-DOZ5 PEOPLE 9 ! '#gS ',ANGRY ,BRIGADE' 9 ,5GL&1 IT HAS SEEM$ ?AT AN>*I/S PO9T ONLY T[>DS DANG]\S1 SELF-DEFEAT+ DEAD 5DS4.<#c#i.> ,AL?\< HE WAS C>ICATUR+ ! VIEWS ( PEOPLE FROM ! ,M>XI/ TRADITION & W5T ON TO /ATE ?AT IT WAS 0TIME = A RE-CONSID]ATION10 MANY ,COMMUNI/S HAD PROBABLY EXPRESS$ SIMIL> OP9IONS AB\T AANR*ISM ?\<\T ! P>TY'S HI/ORY4 ,:AT HE OMITT$ TO M5TION WAS ?AT FROM ! MID #a#i#gS UNTIL ! E>LY #a#i#iS SOME ,COMMUNI/S HAD ESP\S$ PREFIGURATIVE POLITICS & ADVOCAT$ ! COMPLETE RE?9K+ ( ! P>TY'S !ORY & PRACTICE TO TAKE IT 9TO ACC\NT4 ,9 #aiia ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CEAS$ TO EXI/ & WAS 'TRANS=M$' 9TO ,DEMOCRATIC ,LEFT1 :I* ATTEMPT$ TO 9TEGRATE PREFIGURATIVE POLITICS 9TO ITS CON/ITUTION & EV]YDAY ACTIVITIES4 ,?IS PAP] AIMS TO EXAM9E H[ AN>*I/-9SPIR$ IDEAS TOOK ROOT 9 ! ,C,P,G,B1 H[ !Y W]E US$ BY C]TA9 ,COMMUNI/S & :AT IMPACT !Y HAD ON ! P>TY AS WELL AS ON ITS SUCCESSORS4 #a4 ,C,P & AN>*ISM ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 7,C,P,G,B7 WAS F\ND$ 9 #aib & WAS FULLY ',BOL%EVIZ$' BY ! 5D ( ! DECADE4 ,! ,C,P'S CON/ITUTION WAS BAS$ ON ,M>XISM- ,L59ISM1 A ,/AL9I/ COMB9ATION ( ,M>X'S VIEWS ON CLASS RELATIONS UND] CAPITALISM & ,L59'S VISION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4 ,9 ?IS PAP] ,I %ALL CONC5TRATE ON ! LATT]4 ,AT ! HE>T ( ! ,C,P'S ,L59ISM WAS ,DEMOCRATIC C5TRALISM3 9 V]Y BASIC T]MS ONCE A DECISION MADE DEMOCRATICALLY1 IT HAD TO BE IMPLEM5T$ BY ALL P>TY MEMB]S4 ,GIV5 ! V]TICAL ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES ( ! P>TY 7BRAN*1 DI/RICT1 ,EXCEUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 ,POLITICAL ,COMMITTEE1 ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS71 ! BANN+ ( HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION BETWE5 MEMB]S & ! DOM9ANT POSITION ( ! LEAD]%IP1 DECISIONS (T5 TAK5 9 UNDEMOCRATIC MANN] 9 ! UPP] E*ELONS ( ! P>TY & IMPOS$ ON RANK & FILE MEMB]S4 ,UNITY & DISCIPL9E WAS SE5 AS NECESS>Y FEATURES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4 ,! ,C,P ALSO CONSID]$ ITSELF AS A VANGU>D P>TY1 LEAD+ ! WORK+ CLASSES & ITS ALLIES T[>DS REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY & ! CON/RUCTION ( SOCIALISM & 9 TIME COMMUNISM4 ,COMMUNI/S BELIEV$ ?AT !IR LEGITIMATION AS A VANGU>D P>TY CAME FROM ! SCI5TIFIC UND]/&+ ( POLITICS & SOCIETY ?AT ,M>XISM-,L59ISM GAVE !M4 ,OV] ! YE>S *ANGES 9 IDEOLOGY & /RATEGY TOOK PLACE1 AS ! P>TY MOV$ AWAY FROM OR?ODOX ,L59ISM & BEGAN TO GIVE GREAT] IMPORTANCE TO ELECTIONS & CREAT+ BROAD ALLIANCES ) O!R SOCIAL & POLITICAL =CES1 = EXAMPLE4 ,YET ! ,C,P REMA9$ (FICALLY COMMITT$ TO ,M>XISM-,L59ISM & ITS BASIC /RUCTURES & FUNCTION+ REMA9$ UN*ANG$1 EV5 AFT] ! TRUAMATIC EV5TS ( #a#i#e#f4 ,BUT WOR? NOT+ ?AT ! ,C,P NOT HOMOG5\S1 MONOLI?IC AS ,C,P LEAD]%IP & OPPON5TS SUGGE/$ ,9 ,C,P PUBLICATIONS V]Y LITTLE AB\T AN>*ISM 7MORE AB\T DISSID5T BRAN*ES ( ,COMMUNI/ TRADITION EG ,TROTSKYISM 7,HITL]-,TROTSKYISM1 ,TROTSKYI/ SECTS7 & ,MAOISM2 P>TLY DUE TO ! RELATIVELY M>G9AL NATURE ( AN>*ISM 9 ,BRITIAN4 ,H[EV]1 SAFE TO ASSUME ?AT ! ,C,P'S PRO-,SOVIETISM W\LD HAVE L$ IT TO SEE AN>*I/S AS 5EMIES ( ! ,SOVIET /ATE & SUPPORT ! SUPPRESSION ( ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION1 ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E & AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES 9 G5]AL 9 ! ,U,S,S,R4 ,IT CAN ALSO BE ASSUM$ ?AT ! ,C,P VIEW$ AN>*I/S AS AN IRRESPONSIBLE1 DISRUPTIVE NUISANCE :O ALONG ) O!R SECTIONS ( :AT IT T]M$ ! 'ULTRA-LEFT' PREF]$ DIRECT ACTION TO ! CREATION ( BROAD ALLIANCES4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !RE W]E SOME HI/ORICAL L9KS BETWE5 ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/S & AN>*I/S AS WELL AS SOME COMMON GR\ND BETWE5 ! TWO GR\PS4 ,! ,C,P LAID CLAIM TO ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS AS P>T ( AN 9DIG5\S RADICAL TRADITION & A PRECURS] ( COMMUNISM1 ALL?\< ! IT AVOID$ M5TION+ ?AT ,MORRIS HAD BE5 OPPOS$ TO ! K9D ( ',/ATE ,SOCIALISM' ?AT IT ADVOCAT$ & HAD WORK$ ) AN>*I/S 9 ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,SYNDICALI/S SU* AS ,TOM ,MANN & ,A,J ,COOK W]E DRAWN TO ! ,C,P 9 ITS E>LY DAYS4 ,COMMUNI/S & AN>*I/S ALSO COOP]AT$ 9 ! PEACE MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY ,C,N,D1 DUR+ ! ,COLD ,W>4 ,& !Y W]E OBI\SLY BO? OPPOS$ TO CAPITALISM & UND]TOOK EXTRA-P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY1 EV5 ?\< ! K9D ( ALT]NATIVE SOCIETIES !Y 5VISAG$ DIV]G$ M>K$LY4 #b4 #a#i#gS1 ,C,P -- FEM9ISM1,GRAMSCI ,AS M5TION$ ABOVE1 ! ,C,P WAS NEV] A HOMOG5E\S ORGANIZATION4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#gS 9 P>TICUL> UN(FICAL GR\P+S BEGAN TO APPE> 9 ! P>TY4 ,ONE SU* GR\P+ BAS$ ON :AT HI/ORIAN ( ,C,P ,GE(F ,&REWS HAS CALL$ ',GRAMSCISM1' 9 O!R WORDS A P>TICUL> 9T]PRETATION ( ! WRIT+S ( ! ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,ANTONIO ,GRAMSCI4 ,US+ ! WORK ( ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( ,BRITI% ,CULTURAL ,/UDIES ,/U>T ,HALL1 !Y /RESS$ ! IMPORTANCE ( ! CONCEPT ( HEGEMONY1 ACCORD+ TO :I* 9 ADVANC$ WE/]N SOCIETIES ! RUL+ CLASS MANAG$ TO SECURE ! CONS5T ( O!R SECTIONS ( SOCIETY AS A RESULT ( ITS ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 CULTURAL & 9TELLECTUAL DOM9ATION4 ,! ALMO/ MILIT>Y ,L59I/ TYPE ( P>TY WAS DEEM$ TO BE 9APPROPRIATE BY ! ,GRAMSCIANS :O FAVOR$ ! CREATION ( A K9D ( ORGANIZATION ?AT W\LD EMBODY ! SOCIETY IT HOP$ TO CREATE & W\LD !RE=E 5ABLE ! P>TY TO E/ABLI% CLOS] L9KS ) O!R SECTIONS ( SOCIETY4 ,FEM9I/S ALSO HAD A DI/9CT PRES5CE 9 ! ,C,P4 ,WOM5 SU* AS ,BEA ,CAMPBELL & ,S>AH ,B5TON W]E LEAD+ ,COMMUNI/ FEM9I/S & HELP$ ATTRACT O!R FEM9I/S T[>DS ! P>TY4 ,9 #a#i#g#f1 = EXAMPLE1 A PUBLIC EV5T ORGANIZ$ BY ,COMMUNI/ FEM9I/S WAS ATT5D$ BY OV] #g PEOPLE4 ,COMMUNI/ FEM9I/S W]E ALSO 9VOLV$ 9 ! PUBLICATION & DI/RIBUTION ( ! MAGAZ9E ,R$ ,RAG4 ,LIKE ! ,GRAMSCIANS TO :OM !Y W]E CLOSELY L9K$1 FEM9I/S CRITICIZ$ ! FUNCTION+ ( ! P>TY4 ,9 AN >TICLE = ! REVIEW ,M>XISM ,TODAY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ FEM9I/ ,C>OL9E ,R[AN UND]L9$ ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! P>TY'S HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES & ITS AIM ( CREAT+ RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE NOT BAS$ ON SUBORD9ATION4 ,O!R FEM9I/S & ,GRAMSCIANS CRITICIZ$ TACTICS SU* AS CAUCUS+1 :]EBY ,COMMUNI/S WORK+ 9 ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS TRADE UNIONS OR ! PEACE MOVEM5T W\LD LIAISE BE=E IMPORTANT MEET+S 9 ORD] TO WORK \T A JO9T POSITION & COMMIT !MSELVES TO DEF5D+ IT TOGE!R4 ,BY PROCE$+ 9 ?IS WAY1 ,COMMUNI/S W]E ABLE TO HAVE !IR AIMS ADOPT$ AS !Y W]E A DISCIPL9$ & ORGANIZ$ M9ORITY EV5 ?\< ! MAJORITY MI1 IT RESI/$ ! IDEA ?AT BE=E !RE CAN BE ANY FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL *ANGE BE=E ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY MU/ HAVE /ATE P[]4 ,IT HAD -- & /ILL HAS -- ALL ! ATTRACTION ( DIRECT ACTION & A DEEPLY MORAL PURPOSE0 7#a#d#c74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 FEM9I/S & ,GRAMSCIANS EMPHASIZ$ *ANGE H]E & N[ RA!R ?AN WAIT+ = REVOLUTION & ! IMPORTANCE ( MORALITY :I* REPLAC$ ! TRADITIONAL ,COMMUNI/ EMPHASIS ON EFFICI5CY4 ,IT'S TEMPT+ TO SEE ! EVOLUTION ( ,COMMUNI/ FEM9I/S & ,GRAMSCIANS SIMPLY 9 T]MS ( ! ADOPTION ( AN>*I/S POSITIONS4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ONE HI/ORIAN ( AN>*ISM1 ! 0CREATION ( ! ELEM5TS ( ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! OLD & P>TICUL>LY )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ITSELF IS ( C\RSE A /RAI*I/ CONCEPT0 7P#h#h_/#i74 ,IT WAS ADOPT$ BY ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,SONVILLI] CIRCUL> ( #ahga & BY ,AN>*I/ ,/ ,IMI] ,9T]NATIONAL 9 A RESOLUTION 9 #ahgb WAS C5TRAL TO ,AN>*I/S SU* AS ,L&AU]4 ,MOREOV]1 AN>*I/S HAD = DECADES ADVOCAT$ HORIZONTAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY & DIRECT ACTION4 ,9 ADDITION1 9 ! #a#i#fS ,BRITI% AN>*I/S SU* AS ,COL9 ,W>D HAD ELABORAT$ ! CONCEPT ( 'P]MAN5T PROTE/4' ,BELIEV+ ?AT ! *ANCES ( A REVOLUTION 9 A ,WE/]N SOCIETY W]E M9IMAL1 !Y CONC5TRAT$ ON CREAT+ NEW RELATIONS & 9/ITUTIONS 9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD SOCIETY & ATTEMPT$ TO WORK \T PRACTICAL ALT]NATIVES ON SPECIFIC ISSUES )9 FRAMEWORK ( EXI/+ SOCIETY4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS !Y W]E 9VOLV$ 9 SQUATT+1 COMMUNES & COOP]ATIVES4 ,BRITI% ,EURCOMMUNI/S1 AS ! RE=M]S W]E (T5 CALL$1 ?US ADOPT$ POSITIONS PREVI\SLY HELD BY ,AN>*I/S4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! SITUATION ( ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/S 9 ! #a#i#gS WAS MORE COMPLEX4 ,GRAMSCIAN ,COMMUNI/S BELIEV$ ?AT 9 A W> ( POSITION AGA9/ B\RGEOIS HEGEMONY CLASSICAL REVOLUTION>Y SC5>IOS W]E NO LONG] RELEVANT & ?AT REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE W\LD BE A LONG1 PROTRACT$ AFFAIR -- :AT !Y CALL$ 'REVOLUTION AS A PROCESS4' ,! TRADITIONAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 BE=E & AFT] REVOLUTION !RE=E BECAME BLURR$ & LESS SIGNIFICANT4 ,?IS HAD IMPLICATIONS = A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 ITS ORGANIZATION & TACTICS1 SUGGE/+ ?AT ! ,L59/ P>TY WAS OBSOLETE4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( ,GRAMSCISM MU/ ALSO BE SE5 )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! EVOLUTION ( ! RADICAL LEFT 9 G5]AL & P>TICUL>LY ?AT ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT4 ,! E?ICAL1 MORAL APPROA* ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT & ITS ADOPTION ( A BROAD CONCEPTION ( POLITICS HAD L$ IT AWAY FROM OR?ODOX ,L59ISM4 ,9 #aig ,ROB9 ,BLACKBURN1 :O WAS CLOSELY 9VOLV$ ) ! ,NEW ,LEFT ,REVIEW1 ?US /AT$ ?AT ! AIM ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT %\LD BE TO 0BUILD A MOVEM5T :I* ALREADY %[S Y\ 9 ANTICIPATION ! SORT ( 9/ITUTIONS ?AT WILL *>ACT]IZE ! BE/ REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY0 7#h#a74 ,GRAMSCIAN ,COMMUNI/S W]E ?US P>T ( A BROAD] DRIFT AWAY FROM ,L59ISM AMONG =CES TO ! LEFT ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,LIKEWISE ,COMMUNI/ FEM9I/S W]E P>T ( A BROAD] MOVEM5T4 ,! ,BRITI% FEM9I/ MOVEM5T ( ! LATE #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS DEVELOP$ 9 OPPOSITION TO ! C5TRALIZ$1 HI]>*ICAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION ( ! TRADITIONAL LEFT1 9 ITS RE=MI/ & REVOLUTION>Y =MS & ADVOCAT$ 9DEP5D5T DIRECT ACTION4 ,! CLE>E/ EXPRESSION ( A CRITIQUE ( ! TRADITIONAL LEFT CAME 9 ! #aigi BOOK ,BEYOND ! ,FRAGM5TS P5N$ BY ,HIL>Y ,WA9WRIY ORGANIZATIONS REPRODUC$ ! P[] RELATION%IPS & BUREAUCRACY ( CAPITALISM & /AT$ ?AT1 0 WE NE$ TO /R5G!N & GIVE SPACE TO ! POSITIVE UND]/&+S :I* COME FROM ALL \R EXP]I5CES ( RESI/+ CAPITALISM0 7#a#c#b74 ,ONE ( ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT FEATURES ( ! FEM9I/ MOVEM5T WAS ! CREATION ( CONSCI\SNESS-RAIS+ GR\PS 9 :I* SMALL NUMB]S ( WOM5 W]E ABLE TO EX*ANGE !IR EXP]I5CES ( OPPRESSION1 CREATE A S5SE ( SOLID>ITY & UND]TAKE JO9T ACTION4 ,!SE GR\PS W]E SIMIL> TO ! AFF9ITY GR\PS ?AT AN>*I/S HAD CREAT$ 9 ,SPA9 DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 LEAD+ ONE HI/ORIAN TO CLAIM ?AT 0FEM9I/S >E ! ONLY EXI/+ PROTE/ GR\P ?AT CAN HONE/LY BE CALL$ PRACTIC+ AN>*I/S0 7,M>%ALL1 P #e#e#g74 ,9 FACT1 SOME FEM9I/S W]E ATTRACT$ TO AN>*I/ ANALYZES ( P[] & HI]>*IES & MIX$ ) AN>*O-FEM9I/S :OSE AV[$ AIM WAS ! ]OSION ( P[] & AU?ORITY RA!R ?AN ITS TRANSF] TO ANO!R GR\P OR CLASS4 ,!SE IDEAS SPREAD FROM ! FEM9I/ MOVEM5T 9TO O!R ORGANIZATIONS 9 :I* WOM5 W]E ACTIVE SU* AS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/S 7! =]UNN] ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY71 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,M>XI/ ,GR\P & ! ,C,P4 ,IT W\LD BE SIMPLI/IC TO /ATE ?AT A SECTION ( ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/S HAD SIMPLY CONV]T$ TO AN>*ISM4 ,!IR QUE/ION+ ( ,L59ISM & SE>* = AN ALT]NATIVE TO IT OCCURR$ AT A TIME :5 O!RS W]E ALSO QUE/ION+ HI]>*ICAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 LEAD+ TO ! CIRCULATION ( IDEAS )9 ?IS RADICAL MILIEU4 ,! CONJUNCTURE WAS !RE=E FAVORABLE TO ! PROPAGATION ( NEW IDEAS4 ,GRAMSCISM & FEM9ISM MOV$ T[>DS ! ADOPTION ( PREFIGURATIVE =MS AS A RESULT ( !IR [N MOM5TUM & !IR [N DEVELOPM5T1 AL?\< !RE WAS SOME AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE ON FEM9ISM4 ,! SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 SOME ASPECTS ( ! ,COMMUNISM PROPOS$ BY ,GRAMSCIANS & FEM9I/S 7OR ,EUROCOMMUNI/S AS !Y W]E (T5 JO9TLY CALL$7 & AN>*ISM W]E NOT OP5LY ADMITT$4 ,IT WAS MORE POLITICALLY EXP$I5T = ,EURCOMMUNI/S TO REF] BACK TO ,GRAMSCI1 :O WAS P>T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ TRADITION1 &_/OR TO FEM9ISM1 :I* WAS A SOCIAL MOVEM5T /RUGGL+ AGA9/ OPPRESSION4 ,9 ADDITION1 MO/ ,COMMUNI/S W]E NOT WELL V]S$ 9 AN>*I/ !ORY & POLITICS 7EG NO?+ 9 ,M>XISM ,TODAY7 & W]E UNAW>E ( ! SIMIL>ITIES ,I'VE JU/ M5TION$4 ,IT MU/ BE NOT$ ?AT !RE W]E SIGNIFICANT DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,COMMUNI/ & AN>*I/ CONCEPTIONS ( PREFIGURATIVE POLITICS1 ! LATT] BE+ P>T ( A PROJECT L9K$ TO A POLITICAL P>TY :I* CONTE/$ ELECTIONS & AIM$ TO A*IEVE /ATE P[]4 ,! ,EUROCOMMUNI/S MANAG$ TO HAVE SOME 9DIRECT REF]5CES TO ,GRASMCI & SOME MORE DIRECT REF]5CES TO FEM9ISM 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! #aigg V]SION ( ! P>TY'S PROGRAM1 ! ,BRITI% ,ROAD TO ,SOCIALISM4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !RE WAS NO?+ AB\T PREFIGURATIVE POLITICS4 ,A COMMISSION WAS APPO9T$ TO EXAM9E ALL ASPECTS ( 9N]-P>TY DEMOCRACY1 BUT ITS COMPOSITION WAS HEAVILY WEITY'S /RUCTURES4 ,! RE=M]S W]E R$UC$ TO SIGN+ ! (FICAL REPORT & SUBMITT+ A LI/ ( MORE RADICAL PROPOSALS4 ,! REJECTION ( !IR DEM&S WAS P>T ( A MORE G5]AL BACKLA% AGA9/ *ANGE AS ! C5TRI/ LEAD]SIP S\G9ALIZE & EXPEL !IR RIVALS4 ,IT WAS ONLY :5 IT WAS CONFRONT$ ) ITS [N T]M9AL DECL9E AS EWLL AS ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ REGIMES 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE ?AT ! ,C,P F9ALLY AB&ON$ ,M>XISM-,L59SM & DEMOCRATIC C5TRALISM4 ,DEMOCRATIC ,LEFT1 ! NEW PO/-COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION1 WAS COMMITT$ TO IMPLEM5T+ PREFIGURATIVE POLITICS4 ,! HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES ( ! ,C,P W]E REPLAC$ BY A HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATION ) NO 9T]M$IATE LEVELS BETWE5 LOCAL GR\PS & ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE4 ,! MEET+S ( ! LATT] W]E OP5 TO ALL MEMB]S4 ,MEMB]S W]E 5C\RAG$ TO CREATE HORIZONTAL ISSUE-BAS$ NETWORKS )9 ! ORGANIZATION AS WELL AS TRADITIONAL GEOGRAPHY-BAS$ GR\PS4 ,9 ITS RELATIONS ) O!RS1 ,DEMOCRATIC ,LEFT DID NOT SEEK A LEAD+ ROLE BUT SAW ITSELF AS A FACILITATOR1 BR++ TOGE!R PEOPLE FROM DIFF]5T GR\PS & ORGANIZATIONS4 ,H[EV]1 MEMB]S F\ND IT DIFFICULT TO ADAPT TO ?IS NEW CULTURE4 ,MANY /ILL EXPECT$ FULL-TIME P>TY WORK]S TO ORGANIZE ACTIVITIES & W]E RELUCTANT TO TAKE 9ITIATIVES !MSELVES4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! P>TY' ACTIVITIES SOON DECREAS$ RAPIDLY4 ,O!RS COMPLA9$ ?AT !Y HAD TO %ACKLE !IR [N POLITICAL ID5TITY 9 ORD] TO ACT AS FACILITATORS1 LIMIT+ ! VISIBILITY ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,LEFT4 ,A CYCLE ( DECL9E SET 91 & ! ! ,NEW ,POLITICS ,NETWORK1 ! SUCCESSOR TO ,DEMOCRATIC ,LEFT1 HAS M]G$ ) ,*>T] #hh 9 ! ,UNLOCK+ ,DEMOCRACY CAMPAIGN4 ,FROM ! E>LY #a#i#gS ! ,C,P WAS CAU* = A LESS AU?ORIT>IAN & LESS HI]>*ICAL ALT]NATIVE4 ,?IS MOVE WAS %AP$ V]Y M>G9ALLY BY ! 9FLU5CE ( AN>*ISM & MORE DIRECTLY BY FEM9ISM & ,GRAMSCISM4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ?AT ,EUROCOMMUNISM WAS SITUAT$ BETWE5 TRADITIONAL SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & OR?ODOX ,COMMUNISM1 IT WAS ALSO1 9 SOME WAYS1 BETWE5 ,COMMUNISM & ,AN>*ISM1 A HALF-H\SE POSITION :I* DI/URB$ SOME ,COMMUNI/S & =M] ,COMMUNI/S1 CONTRIBUT+ TO ! DECL9E ( ?IS P>TICUL> SECTION ( ! LEFT4 ,! CASE ( ,BRITI% ,COMMUNISM & PO/,COMMUNISM %[S ! DIFFICULTY ( COMB9+ R$ & BLACK :5 ?IS 9VOLVES *ANG+ +RA9$ POLITICAL HABITS & ATTITUDES4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,P>T #f1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,P>T #f1 ,*APT] #b -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/