,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #b 
,A,B,O,L,I,% ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L63 ,BEYOND ! ,M>XI/_/,AN>*I/ DIVIDE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX ,PRI*>D 

,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5OIT ,*ALL& 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY 

,AU?OR 3 ,*I>A ,BOTTICI 

,TEXT 3 

,A,B,O,L,I,% ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L63 ,BEYOND ! ,M>XI/_/,AN>*I/ DIVIDE 

,*RI/OPH] ,WELLBROOK 

,ALT]NATE TITLE3 ,PICK UP A BRICK & ?R[ IT AT A COP3 ,BEYOND ! AN>*I/_/,M>XI/ DIVIDE 

,:]E W\LD WE BE TODAY )\T ?OSE 'DEFEATS1' FROM :I* WE DRAW HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE1 UND]/&+1 P[] & IDEALISM 444 ,!RE IS BUT ONE CONDITION4 ,! QUE/ION ( :Y EA* DEFEAT OCCURR$ MU/ BE ANSW]$4 ,R4 ,LUXEMBURG 7#a#i#a#i7 

,IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! ,P>IS COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 ! SPLIT 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,RUSSIA #aiag & ,SPA9 #aicf >E ALL KEY REF]5CE PO9TS = MOD]N ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ !ORY4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! HI/ORICAL CONFLICTS BETWE5 AN>*I/S & ,M>XI/S CANNOT BE UND]/OOD 9 ISOLATION FROM !SE EV5TS4 ,!Y >E ROOT$ 9 ! EXP]I5CES & LESSONS DRAWN FROM A REAL1 CONT9U+ TRADITION ( CLASS-/RUGGLE4 ,:IL/ IT IS TRUE ?AT ! POLEMICS EX*ANG$ BETWE5 ,M>XI/S & AN>*I/S HAVE (T5 DEG5]AT$ 9TO C>ICATURE1 ! BETT] ( !SE HAVE ALWAYS DEALT 9 ! COMMON CURR5CY ( HI/ORY4 ,9 LI<T ( ?IS1 IT IS ! PURPOSE ( ?IS /UDY TO EXPLORE A PECULI> CONDITION ( !ORI/S ( 9 A REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION 9 ! ,WE/1 9 A P]IOD ( ADVANC$ CAPITALISM4 ,= ,LUXEMBURG & O!R TRADITIONAL PROPON5TS ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 ! QUE/ION WAS CLE>-CUT3 :AT WAS ! MO/ APPROPRIATE ANALYSIS TO BE D]IV$ FROM ! FAILURES1 & LIMIT$ SUCCESSES1 ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T8 ,H[EV]1 9 \R AGE1 ! L9E BETWE5 :AT ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T HAS GA9$ & :AT IT HAS LO/ IS BECOM+ EV] MORE BLURR$4 

,?IS BLURR+ IS DUE TO RECUP]ATION1 CAPITALISM'S ABILITY TO 9CORPORATE & CONTA9 RADICAL MOVEM5TS4 

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM1 RADICAL IDEAS HAVE NEV] BE5 SO ACCESSIBLE4 ,?IS /&S 9 />K CONTRA/ TO ! EXP]I5CES ( ! E>LY PIONE]S ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ CRITICISM4 ,FOLL[+ ! REVOLUTIONS ( #ahdh ,M>X WAS P]IODICALLY EXIL$ FROM MO/ MA9L& ,EUROPEAN /ATES DUE TO HIS RADICAL ACTIVITY & WRIT+S1 ,BAKUN9 W\LD SP5D SIX YE>S ROTT+ 9 ! 9FAM\S ,PET] & ,PAUL =TRESS = HIS P>T 9 ! ,MAY 9SURRECTION 9 ,DRESD5 7#a#h#d#i71 :ILE ,KROPOTK9 WAS ABLE TO ESCAPE >RE/ 9 #ahgf ONLY TO SP5D =TY-ONE YE>S 9 EXILE FROM HIS NATIVE L&4 ,ALL ?REE EXP]I5C$ C5SOR%IP1 SUPPRESSION & (T5 9C>C]ATION BECAUSE ( !IR WRIT+S & ACTIVITY 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,N[ADAYS ! TEA*+S ( ALL ( !SE1 & MANY O!RS1 CAN BE F\ND ?R\<\T ,UNIV]SITY C\RSES 9 ,SOCIOLOGY1 ,>T1 ,ECONOMICS1 ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CE1 ,PHILOSOPHY & O!RS4 ,EV5 S*OOL /UD5TS /UDY+ 9 ! ,U,K1 :OSE EXP]I5CE TYPICALLY CONTRA/S ) ! CRITICAL ?\<T 5C\RAG$ AT UND]GRADUATE LEVEL1 CAN BE TAU<T1 = EXAMPLE1 H[ ! AN>*I/ VIEW ( ! /ATE DIFF]S FROM ! ,M>XI/ ONE OR ! ,M>XI/ APPROA* TO RELIGION 7,MCNAU<TON1 #b#i74 ,\R IDEAS HAVE NOT ONLY BECOME ACCEPTABLE1 !Y >E /ATE-SANCTION$4 

,9 LI<T ( ?IS1 ?IS ESSAY 9T5DS TO EXPLORE A NUMB] ( KEY QUE/IONS2 ,:AT DO !SE DEVELOPM5TS MEAN = US AS REVOLUTION>Y !ORI/S & = \R CAPACITY = SOCIAL CRITICISM8 ,IS IT EV5 POSSIBLE TO BE A REVOLUTION>Y !ORI/8 ,CAN & DO WE POSE A CRITICAL *ALL5GE TO ! EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD]8 

,MAT]IALLY1 NO?+ SUB/ANTIVE HAS *ANG$ 9 ! CONDITION ( ! VA/ MAJORITY ( WORK+ PEOPLE ACROSS ! GLOBE4 ,CAPITALISM /ILL EXI/S1 EXPLOITATION /ILL EXI/S1 WAG$ LABOR EXI/S & ! /ATE & CLASS VIOL5CE /ILL EXI/S4 ,IF ANY?+ ! P]MISSIBILITY ( RADICAL IDEAS 9 ! ACADEMIC SPH]E HAS ACCOMPANI$ AN EQUIVAL5T 9TOL]ANCE1 EV5 \TRI<T ATTACK UPON1 BASIC NOTIONS ( WORKPLACE SOLID>ITY1 CRITIQUE & POLITICAL DISS5T 9 ! 0REAL WORLD40 ,P]MISSIBILITY 9 ACADEMIA HAS ALSO NOT BE5 )\T ITS CO/S4 ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM HAVE BECOME 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ TO FIT ! MOLD ( EXI/+ & ACCEPTABLE B\RGEOIS SY/EMS ( $UCATION4 ,IT IS NO LONG] NECESS>Y 7OR DESIRABLE7 TO ELABORATE !SE IDEAS 9 ! SPIRIT ( !IR ORIG9AL CONTEXT -- AS A GUIDE = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,9/EAD !Y M]ELY REPRES5T A COMM5T>Y1 AN ADD$ P]SPECTIVE1 :I* S]VES TO AUGM5T UND]/&+S ( EXI/+ SOCIAL PH5OM5A SU* AS CLASS1 ECONOMICS & POLITICAL AU?ORITY4 ,!IR KEY QUALITY1 !IR ABILITY TO MOBILIZE1 HAS BE5 /RIPP$ AWAY4 

,IT IS TRUE TO SAY ?AT ?IS PROCESS 9 ITSELF1 IS NOT A UNIQUE PH5OM5ON4 ,!RE HAS1 AFT] ALL1 BE5 A LONG TRADITION ( B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUALS WRIT+1 DISCUSS+ & UTILIZ+ RADICAL IDEAS4 ,9 FACT1 ! SOCIOLOGI/ ,VON ,/E9 WAS TO COMM5T AS E>LY AS #ahe ?AT1 

,IT IS ! GREAT M]IT ( SOCIALISM TO HAVE MADE US AW>E = ! FIR/ TIME ( ! RELATION%IP ( LABOR TO ! FREE P]SONALITY & TO HAVE DISCOV]$ ! EXI/5CE & ! P[] ( ! SOCIAL ORD] OV] M51 AS WELL AS ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! SOCIAL ORD] & ! FREE P]SONALITY4 
7,VON ,/E91 #a#h#e3 #b#g#i7 

,?IS WAS ! LANGUAGE ( :AT ,M>X & ,5GELS W\LD DESCRIBE AS 0,B\RGEOIS0 OR 0CONS]VATIVE SOCIALISM0 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O4 ,?AT IS1 IT REPRES5T$ EF=TS BY ! B\RGEOIS 9TELLIG5TSIA TO R$RESS SOCIAL GRIEVANCES CAUS$ BY CAPITALISM :ILE /ILL PRES]V+ ITS PRIVILEG$ CLASS /ATUS4 ,MOREOV]1 ACADEMIA HAS TRADITIONALLY BE5 ! =UM 9 :I* !SE IDEAS HAVE BE5 >TICULAT$4 ,H[EV] AS ,CLEAV] 7#a#i#h#c7 HAS NOT$1 B\RGEOIS RE=MISM DOES NOT SIMPLY CONSI/ ( :AT ,M>X 7#a#h#d#h3 #d#c7 ID5TIFI$ AS 0HOLE-&-CORN] RE=M]S ( EV]Y IMAG9ABLE K9D0 WORK+ !IR ?\<T 9TO 0COMPLETE SY/EMS10 BUT !RE HAS ALSO BE5 A WID] T5D5CY T[>DS ! APPROPRIATION ( PR(ITABLE ASPECTS ( ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ !ORY ITSELF4 ,AS ,CLEAV] IS ALSO KE5 TO EMPHASIZE1 NEI!R %\LD ?IS BE UND]/OOD SIMPLY AS AN EX]CISE 9 ,M>CUSIAN 0REPRESSIVE TOL]ANCE0 :]EBY 9SURG5T IDEAS CAN BE SAFELY CONTA9$ )9 ! ACADEMY4 ,!SE SOCIAL IDEAS1 ALBEIT 9 A DI/ORT$ =M1 CAN PLAY A REAL ROLE 9 ! MA9T5ANCE & CONT9UATION ( B\RGEOIS HEGEMONY4 ,9 ! ,WE/1 ,DAUVE IS KE5 TO EMPHASIZE ! UNIV]SITY /RUCTURE AS 9TEGRAL TO ?IS PROCESS3 

,ONE ( ! NATURAL *ANNELS ( ?IS EVOLUTION IS ! UNIV]SITY1 S9CE ! APP>ATUS 9 :I* IT IS A P>T BACKS A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ! RESE>* ON ! MOD]NIZATION ( CAPITAL4 ,(FICIAL 0REVOLUTION>Y0 ?\<T IS ! SC\T+ P>TY ( CAPITAL4 ,?\S&S ( APPO9T$ FUNCTION>IES CRITICIZE CAPITALISM FROM EV]Y DIRECTION4 7,DAUVE1 #a#i#g#i7 

,M>X'S ANALYSIS ( ECONOMIC CYCLES1 CRISES & SURPLUS VALUE >E WIDELY 9CORPORAT$ 9TO MANY MOD]N C\RSES 9 ECONOMICS4 ,ANY SAVVY /OCKBROK] WILL BE SURE TO HAVE A COPY ( ,CAPITAL ,VOL4 #a ALONGSIDE ! ,WEAL? ( ,NATIONS ON HIS BOOK%ELF4 ,CLEAV] 7#a#i#h#c7 EV5 PO9TS TO ! ROLE ( EXPLICITLY ANTI-CAPITALI/ ?\<T 9 BOL/]+ ! ANALYSIS ( ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITY1 AS EVID5C$ BY ! 9CREAS+ SPACE GIV5 OV] 9 PR(ESSIONAL ECONOMIC J\RNALS TO RADICAL IDEAS4 

,?IS PROCESS IS ALSO APP>5T 9 MORE SUBTLE WAYS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 MU* ( ! ,GRE5 MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE HAS ITS ORIG9S 9 ! RADICALISM & RADICAL MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i#fS4,YET ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL ECOLOGY PIONE]$ BY AN>*I/S SU* AS ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 IS BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY M>G9AL & ) IT ! C5TRALITY ( AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ CRITIQUE4 ,! ,GRE5 *ALL5GE ?AT IS POS$ TODAY IS NOT ONE ?AT CALLS = ! ABOLITION ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM BUT1 BY-&-L>GE1 A RE=M ( IT 9TO A C>BON-FREE ECONOMY4 ,A CONFLICT BETWE5 TWO COMPET+ ALT]NATIVES -- A ,GRE51 SU/A9ABLE SY/EM VS4 A C>BON-BAS$ ONE -- 9 FACT MASKS A %>$ GOAL3 ! CONT9U$1 /ABLE FUNCTION+ ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,EQUIVAL5T DEVELOPM5TS CAN BE SE5 9 ! CONTRA-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T4 ,! AUTONOMISM ( ,ITALIAN ,M>XI/S SU* AS ,NEGRI & ,TRONTI1 0FILT]$ VIA ,DELEUZE & ,GUATT>I0 7,WRI<T1 #b#b3 #b7 HAS RESULT$ 9 KEY COMPON5TS ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ CRITICISM1 = EXAMPLE1 ! CLASS RELATION%IP1 ! CAPITALI/ /ATE ETC4 BE+ REPLAC$ ) MORE AMBIGU\S CONCEPTS SU* AS 0GLOBAL P[]0 & ! 0MULTITUDE40 ,! RESULT ( :I* IS TO REPLACE A !ORETICAL N>RATIVE ?AT WAS ORIG9ALLY CONC]N$ *IEFLY ) CLASS P[] ON ! FACTORY FLOOR1 ) ONE ?AT HAS AS ITS C5TRAL CONC]N ! REGULATION ( GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T 9 ALL ( ITS EXCESSES -- SUMMITRY1 UN*ECK$ FREE TRADE1 SWEAT%OP LABOR1 LACK ( ACC\NTABILITY ETC4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY1 ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM CAN BE1 & HAVE BE51 UTILIZ$ AS IDEOLOGICAL 0FRI5D0 & 05EMY0 ( ! POLITICAL ORD] :ILE LEAV+ ! BASE CAUSE ( 9JU/ICE -- ! SOCIAL ORD] -- UNT\*$ BY !IR CRITICISM4 

,SO1 = EXAMPLE1 IF WE LOOK AT ! HI/ORY ( ,M>XISM1 :ILE ,M>X'S 9T5TION TO DEVELOP A CRITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y !ORY ( POLITICAL ECONOMY IS C5TRAL TO UND]/&+ HIS CONTRIBUTION1 EQUALLY1 TO FULLY GRASP ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( HIS !ORY1 ITS SUBSEQU5T RECUP]ATION CANNOT BE IGNOR$4 ,DAUVE %[S ?IS PROBLEM AT WORK 9 TWO KEY >EAS4 ,FIR/LY1 9 ,M>X'S T5D5CY TO \TL9E ! FUNCTION+ ( ! ECONOMY 09- ITSELF10 ?AT IS TO ATTRIBUTE ! ECONOMIC SY/EM ) C]TA9 LAWS ( MOTION ?AT LEAD TO A TELEOLOGICAL READ+ ( HI/ORY OR A CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY :I* IS ESS5TIALLY 0AG5T-LESS40 ,SECONDLY1 9 ,M>X'S T5D5CY1 DESPITE HIS 9SI/5CE ON ! NE$ = AN EXPLICITLY COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T1 TO >TICULATE RE=MI/ DEM&S1 I4E4 ?OSE LAT] ASSOCIAT$ ) ! P>TIES ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,SO1 = EXAMPLE1 ! PROGRAM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O 9CLUDES1 0A HEAVY PROGRESSIVE OR GRADUAT$ 9COME TAX10 0FREE $UCATION = ALL *ILDR5 9 PUBLIC S*OOLS0 & ! 0C5TRALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( COMMUNICATION & TRANSPORT 9 ! H&S ( ! /ATE0 ETC4.<#a#g#f.> ,CRUMP 7#a#i#g#f7 SITUATES !SE T5D5CIES 9 !IR HI/ORICAL CONTEXT4 ,HE PO9TS P>TICUL>LY TO ! COMM5T>Y ( ,5GELS 9 ,M>X & ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITGUNG 7#a#h#d#h-#i72 

,IF WE DID NOT DESIRE TO TAKE UP ! MOVEM5T FROM ITS ALREADY EXI/+1 MO/ ADVANC$1 ACTUALLY PROLET>IAN SIDE & PU% IT FUR!R1 !N NO?+ REMA9$ = US TO DO BUT TO PREA* COMMUNISM 9 A LITTLE PROV9CIAL %EET & TO F\ND A T9Y SECT 9/EAD ( A GREAT P>TY 9 ACTION4 ,BUT WE HAD ALREADY BE5 SPOIL$ = ! ROLE ( PREA*]S 9 ! WILD]NESS2 WE HAD /UDI$ ! UTOPIANS TOO WELL = ?AT4 ,WE HAD NOT DRAFT$ \R PROGRAM = ?AT4 7,5GELS1 #a#h#h#d7 

,:ILE ,M>X'S PRIME OBJECTIVE WAS TO PUT =W>D AN ADEQUATELY SCI5TIFIC ANALYSIS ?AT PRIVILEG$ CLASS /RUGGLE )9 AN 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T DOM9AT$ BY ! IDEOLOGY ( B\RGEOIS RE=MISM ?IS1 9 PRACTICE1 WAS NO EASY TASK4 ,M>X & ,5GELS W]E CAU<T1 ON ! ONE H&1 BETWE5 !IR [N COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES &1 ON ! O!R1 ! ACTUAL RE=MI/ BEHAVIOR1 & 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS ( ,EUROPE1 ( ! MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS4.<#a#g#g.> ,:AT RESULT$ WAS A MIXTURE ( 0/>Y-EY$ ROMANTICISM & H>D-HEAD$ REALISM10 ! WOR/ ASPECTS ( :I* W]E SEIZ$ & RECUP]AT$ BY PRACTITION]S ( B\RGEOIS !ORY4 ,SOME?+ :I* CAN BE SE5 MO/ CONCRETELY 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( 0DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM0 AS AN IDEOLOGICAL BYPRODUCT ( ?IS VULG>IZ$ ,M>XI/ !ORY2 

,DIALECTICAL ANALYSIS WAS A ME?OD ( CRITIQUE COMMON AMONG ,M>X'S G5]ATION & CAN BE CLE>LY TRAC$ FROM ! RADICAL DISCUSSION CIRCLES ?AT EM]G$ >\ND ,HEGEL'S ?\<T & ,G]MAN ,ROMANTICISM4 ,H[EV]1 ,M>X HIMSELF1 9 COMP>ISON TO SOME ( ! O!R ISSUES HE WROTE AB\T1 R>ELY GAVE ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD SPACE TO MAT* ! WEI<T & IMPORT ?AT IT HAD 9 HIS SEM9AL WORKS4 ,HE DEVOT$ A *APT] ( HIS ECONOMIC & PHILOSOPHIC MANUSCRIPTS ( #ahdd TO A MAT]IALI/ CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY & EMPHASIZ$ ! UTILITY ( ! DIALECTIC AS A ME?OD = COMPREH5D+ ! REPRODUCTION ( HUMANITY'S ALI5ATION BY LABOR4 ,HE RAIS$ ?IS AGA9 9 HIS CRITIQUE ( ,PR\DHON 9 ,! ,POV]TY ( ,PHILOSOPHY & ! DIALECTICAL *>ACT] ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T CONT9UALLY RESURFAC$ AS A METAPHYSICS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY ?R\<\T HIS WORKS4 ,H[EV]1 ! ONTOLOGICAL /ATUS ( ?IS DIALECTIC WAS L>GELY UNQUALIFI$ ASIDE FROM A FEW %ORT REM>KS 9 HIS CORRESPOND5CE4 ,IT WAS1 ,5GELS1 NOT ,M>X :O ATTEMPT$ TO REA* A POSITIVE RESOLUTION ( ?IS ISSUE 9 ,ANTI-,DUHR+ 7#a#h#g#g7 & LAT] 9 HIS PO/HUM\SLY PUBLI%$ ,DIALECTICS ( ,NATURE 7#a#h#h#c74 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ >TICULATION ( :AT CAME TO BE KN[N AS1 0DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM40 ,?IS MEANT ?AT1 AS ,CALL9ICOS 7#a#i#g#f7 EXPLA9S1 

9T]PRET+ ! DIALECTIC NOT SIMPLY AS PROVID+ ! /RUCTURES SPECIFIC TO ,M>X'S ANALYSIS ( SOCIAL =MATIONS LIKE CAPITALISM1 BUT AS ACTUALLY REPRES5T+ ! LAWS IMMAN5T 9 ALL REALITY1 NATURAL AS WELL AS SOCIAL & 9 ! REFLECTION ( ?\<T444 ,= ,5GELS1 !N1 ! DIALECTIC LAWS ,HEGEL HAD DISCOV]$ :]E ! G5]AL GOV]N+ NATURE1 HI/ORY & ?\<T4 ,M>X'S WOR? 
WAS ! TRIUMPHANT APPLICATION ( !SE LAWS TO HI/ORY4 7#a#b-#a#c7 

,PHILOSOPHICALLY1 ?IS WAS ! COMPLETION ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T PROJECT -- ! APPLICATION ( RATIONALITY TO ALL LIV+ ?+S -- &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 TO USE ,M>X'S [N CRITIQUE ( IDEALI/ ?\<T1 A REPRODUCTION )9 ,M>XISM ( ! CONT9U$ ALI5ATION ( HUMANITY AS SUBJECT TO NOT MA/] ( ! LAWS ( !IR SOCIAL UNIV]SE4 ,POLITICALLY1 SU* AN 9T]PRETATION1 S]V$ AS A LEGITIMIZ+ DISC\RSE = ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! 9TELLECTUALS ( ! ,G]MAN ,S,P,D 9 P>TICUL> -- ,B]N/E91 ,KAUTSKY & ,PLEKHANOV -- :O >GUABLY EX]CIS$ A HEGEMONIC 9FLU5CE OV] ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T W]E ABLE TO UTILIZE ,5GEL'S =MULATION TO JU/IFY AN 9CREM5TAL & RE=MI/ /RATEGY4 ,IF 0DIALECTIC LAWS0 PR$ICT$ ! 9EVITABLE VICTORY ( ! PROLET>IAT ?R\< A PRE-ORDA9$ C\RSE ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T !N ! TASK ( ! ,M>XI/ P>TY WAS TO =W>D ! SO-CALL$ 0B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION10 EV5 IF ?IS AIM HAPP5$ TO CONFLICT ) ?OSE ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL W]E EFFECTIVELY ABLE TO CONTA9 ! ASPIRATIONS ( !IR PROLET>IAN MEMB]S :ILE DIV]T+ !IR EF=TS T[>DS CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T AS P>T ( A 0B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION40 ,?IS WAS 0/>Y- EY$ ROMANTICISM & H>D-HEAD$ REALISM0 TAK5 TOGE!R & TO !IR EXTREME4 ,M>XI/ !ORI/S C\LD JU/IFY ! CONT9U$ PRES]VATION1 EV5 ! ACTIVE DEVELOPM5T1 ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY AS JU/IFI$ BY A !ORETICALLY AB/RACT VISION ( COMMUNISM ?AT HAD LITTLE RELATION TO HUMAN 5DEAVOR & EV]Y?+ TO DO ) ! PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T ( HIDD51 SCI5TIFIC LAWS4 ,! !ORY ( ,L59 & HIS FOLL[]S DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS M]ELY ! /RATEGIC APPLICATION ( !SE PR9CIPLES TO A MOM5T ( CLASS 9SURG5CY4 ,! !ORY & ! GOALS ELABORAT$ BY ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL W]E ESS5TIALLY RETA9$1 ADVOCAT+ /ATE-CAPITALI/ RE=MS & PREA*+ !ORETICAL LEAD]%IP ( ! P>TY OV] ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,AL?\< ,L59 W\LD 5GAGE 9 MANY SU/A9$ POLEMICS AGA9/ ,KAUTSKY & HIS FOLL[]S HE W\LD NEV] DEVIATE FROM ! ORIG9AL PHILOSOPHY & POLITICAL GOALS ( ! SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL 7,DAUVE1 #a#i#g#g74 ,! 9NOVATIONS =C$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN CONTEXT & ! CONDITIONS ( HEAVY REPRESSION UND] ! ,CZ> M]ELY L$ TO A P>TICUL>LY AU?ORIT>IAN BR& ( COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE4 ,MOREOV]1 AFT] ! ,BOL%EVIK SEIZURE ( P[] IT BECAME ALMO/ IMM$IATELY CLE> ?AT ! FACTORY C\NCILS' & PEASANT COMMITTEES' DESIRE = WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T OV] PRODUCTION W\LD CONFLICT ) ,L59'S UND]/&+ ( WORK]S' CONTROL AS 

A NATIONAL1 ALL-EMBRAC+1 OMNIPRES5T1 EXTREMELY PRECISE & EXTREMELY SCRUPUL\S 
ACC\NT+ .<EMPHASIS 9 ORIG9AL.> ( ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS4 7,L591 #a#i#a#g7.<#a#g#h.> 

,IT IS ?IS ROLE ?AT 0REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T0 HAS HI/ORICALLY PLAY$ AS AN IDEOLOGICAL SMOKESCRE5 = 
CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ?AT LEADS ,DEBORD 9 HIS ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE TO MAKE ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY4 ,IT %\LD BE MADE CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT SU* A DI/9CTION HAS NOT COME AS ! RESULT ( P]SI/5T 0MI/AKES0 MADE BY RADICAL 9TELLECTUALS & ACADEMICS OR ! EXI/5CE ( DEVIANT DOCTR9ES4 ,IT IS RA!R A NATURAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! CONT9U$ FUNCTION+ ( CAPITALISM & ! CONT9U+ EXPRESSION ( CLASS 9T]E/S4 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE1 TO ATTEMPT TO SEEK A ME?ODOLOGICAL REM$Y TO ?IS PROBLEM1 AS MANY RADICAL 9TELLECTUALS HAVE DONE1 ACTUALLY MISSES A F> MORE FUNDAM5TAL ISSUE4 ,CAPITALISM IS1 AFT] ALL1 A REAL LIV+ SY/EM CONTA9+ CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S &1 AS ,M>X ONCE OBS]V$1 9 EV]Y EPO*1 ! RUL+ IDEAS >E ?OSE ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,ACCORD+LY1 AS MU* AS RADICALS OP]AT+ )9 ! ACADEMIC SPH]E MAY HOPE TO ESCAPE OR EVADE IT1 !Y CANNOT IGNORE ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ?AT FRAME1 MUTATE & TRANS=M ! PRODUCTS ( 9TELLECTUAL LABOR4 

,! REHABILITATION ( RADICAL !ORI/S IS A SEEM+LY RATIONAL GOAL 9 ! FACE ( A SOCIAL SY/EM ?AT HAS CONT9UALLY RECUP]AT$ & VULG>IZ$ REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T4 ,FAC$ ) !SE !ORETICAL FAILURES AN 9TUITIVE RESPONSE IS TO RE-ASS]T ! ORIG9AL QUALITIES ?AT W]E SO 9TEGRAL TO ! 0TRUE0 ,M>X1 ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK9 ETC4 ,H[EV]1 ULTIMATELY1 )\T ANY APPRECIATION ( ! MAT]IAL & HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS ?AT FRAM$ !SE !ORIES 9 !IR ORIG9AL CONTEXT ?IS IS AN EX]CISE 9 FUTILITY4 ,:AT WEI<S UPON US N[ AS REVOLUTION>Y !ORI/S IS NOT SIMPLY ! HI/ORICAL FAILURE ( AN>*I/ & ,M>XI/ !ORY1 BUT ! ACCUMULAT$ EXP]I5CE ( ! REPEAT$ FAILURES ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 

,RECUP]ATION IS1 AFT] ALL1 A DEF5SIVE ME*ANISM4 ,ONLY AFT] REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS HAVE FAIL$ & ! IDEAS ?AT ACCOMPANI$ !M HAVE LO/ !IR MAT]IAL SUB/ANCE IS IT POSSIBLE = !M TO BECOME A USEFUL TOOL = ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,! 0ORIG9AL0 ,M>X1 ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK9 >E USELESS TO US PRECISELY BECAUSE !IR TEA*+S HAVE BE5 ABSORB$ 9TO ! IDEOLOGICAL APP>ATUS ( ! /ATE & ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 IT IS NO SURPRISE ?AT ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM >E N[ ON ! S*OOL CURRICULUM2 !Y >E BO? COMPON5TS 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL MANAGEM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?AT :I* CANNOT BE ABSORB$ & US$ 9 ! PRACTICAL MANAGEM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 I4E4 9 ECONOMICS1 MANAGEM5T !ORY & 9 ! PROVISION ( SOCIAL RE=MS1 CAN 9/EAD BE SAFELY DIFFUS$ )9 ! UNIV]SALI/IC GRASP ( B\RGEOIS HI/ORY OR E?ICS4 ,/UD5TS MAY COME TO A MORE CRITICAL APPRAISAL ( ! ROLE ( ! /ATE1 EV5 ! FUNCTION+ ( ! CLASS SY/EM1 BUT ULTIMATELY !Y >E DEAL+ ) RELICS ( FAIL$ REVOLUTION>Y PROJECTS -- DEAD !ORY4 

,RECUP]ATION IS JU/ AN EXPRESSION 9 IDEAS ( :AT HAS ALREADY OCCURR$ 9 PRACTICE4 ,IT IS AN 9DICATION ( H[ & :Y REVOLUTION>Y PROJECTS HAVE ALREADY FAIL$4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY1 :ILE IT IS IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 IDEOLOGY & !ORY & ! 9T]E/S !Y S]VE1 TO ATTEMPT TO LIMIT OR EV5 CUT (F ASPECTS ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T FROM RECUP]ATION1 AS ! SITUATIONI/S ATTEMPT$ TO1 REPRES5TS AS FRUITFUL C\RSE ( ACTION AS ATTEMPT+ TO ?9K ONESELF \T ( CAPITALISM4 

,RADICAL WRIT]S & 9TELLECTUALS MAY WORK \TSIDE ( A REVOLUTION>Y CONTEXT1 BUT IT IS ONLY 9 A REVOLUTION>Y CONTEXT1 OR AT LEA/ 9 AN ANALYSIS ( PA/ EPISODES1 ?AT !IR WORK HAS TRUE CRITICAL VALUE4 ,IT IS ONLY 9 UNITY ) ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T ?AT ! WORK ( !ORETICIANS CAN BE UND]/OOD TO BE G5U9ELY REVOLUTION>Y4 ,!ORI/S1 9 O!R WORDS1 %\LD ACCEPT RECUP]ATION = :AT IT IS & 9/EAD ( 
DESP]ATELY ATTEMPT+ TO KEEP ! REVOLUTION>Y FLAME ALI<T DUR+ P]IODS ( REACTION !Y FOCUS 9/EAD ON CRITICALLY EVALUAT+ ! LIMIT$ SUCCESSES ( ! WORK+ MOVEM5T4 ,! ROLE ( COMMUNI/ !ORI/S !RE=E IS TO 

REPRES5T & DEF5D ! G5]AL 9T]E/S ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 ALL SITUATIONS1 !Y DO NOT HESITATE TO EXPRESS ! :OLE MEAN+ ( :AT IS GO+ ON1 & TO MAKE PRACTICAL PROPOSALS4 ,IF ! EXPRESSION IS RI<T & ! PROPOSAL APPROPRIATE1 !Y >E P>TS ( ! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT & CONTRIBUTE TO BUILD ! 0P>TY0 ( ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION4 7,DAUVE & ,M>T91 #a#i#g#d7 

,\R IDEAL %\LD BE ( A P]MAN5T BANK ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORI/S :OSE IDEALS >E BR\<T 9TO UNITY ) ! PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ! COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T4 

,TO CONC5TRATE MORE SPECIFICALLY ON :AT ?IS (F]S 9 T]MS ( ! CAPACITY ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY ,I ?9K IT OP5S UP A NUMB] ( PO9TS = DEVELOPM5T4 ,! UTILITY ( ?IS APPROA* IS ULTIMATELY ON TAK+ HEAD ON ! (T5 AWKW>D POSITION ?AT !ORI/S HAVE TO NEGOTIATE BETWE5 !IR CAPACITY TO =W>D SOCIAL *ANGE & ! CON/RA9TS ?AT >E PUT UPON !M BY !IR GIV5 CIRCUM/ANCES1 AN IDEA ?AT ,M>X FAM\SLY EXPRESS$ 9 HIS ,EI<TE5? ,BRUMIAIRE ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE3 

,M5 MAKE !IR [N HI/ORY1 BUT !Y DO NOT MAKE IT AS !Y PLEASE2 !Y DO NOT MAKE IT UND] CIRCUM/ANCES ( !IR [N *OOS+1 BUT UND] CIRCUM/ANCES EXI/+ ALREADY1 GIV5 & TRANSMITT$ FROM ! PA/4 ,! TRADITION ( ALL DEAD G5]ATIONS WEI<S LIKE A NI<TM>E ON ! BRA9S ( ! LIV+4 

,FROM ?IS POSITION IT IS POSSIBLE TO UND]/& RECUP]ATION AS AN 9DICATION ( ! F> MORE S]I\S CON/RA9TS ?AT WEI< UPON US BO? HI/ORICALLY & MAT]IALLY4 ,! IDEOLOGICAL =CES ( ! /ATE & ! B\RGEOIS CLASS WILL ALWAYS ATTEMPT TO DIV]T & CONTA9 REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS1 & RECUP]ATION IS ! SUCCESSFUL 5D PRODUCT ( ?IS PROCESS4 ,IT IS ALSO NECESS>Y TO RECOGNIZE !ORI/S & ACTORS 7= WANT ( A BETT] WORD7 AS ELEM5TS ( ! SAME PROCESS4 ,IT IS CRITICAL TO REJECT ! ,L59I/ =MULATION ( SOCIALI/ 9TELLECTUALS \TSIDE & SOMEH[ IMMUNE TO ! ALI5AT+ EFFECTS ( ! CLASS SY/EM4 ,9 MANY RESPECTS1 ?IS IS AN IDEA ?AT HAS BE5 COMMON CURR5CY 9 AN>*ISM = SOME TIME1 ,! ,DIELO ,TRUDA GR\P1 = EXAMPLE1 /ATE 9 ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,PLAT=M ( ! ,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/S 7,DRAFT7 ?AT1 

,AN>*ISM 444 DEVELOP$1 NOT FROM ! AB/RACT REFLECTIONS ( SOME SCI5TI/ OR PHILOSOPH]1 BUT \T ( ! DIRECT /RUGGLE WAG$ BY ! WORK+ PEOPLE AGA9/ CAPITAL1 \T ( !IR NE$S & REQUIREM5TS1 \T ( !IR PSY*OLOGY1 !IR DESIRE = FRE$OM & EQUALITY1 ASPIRATIONS 
?AT BECOME ESPECIALLY VIVID 9 ! MO/ H]OIC /AGES ( ! WORK+ MASSES' LIFE & /RUGGLE4 ,AN>*ISM'S \T/&+ ?9K]S -- ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK91 & O!RS -- DID NOT 9V5T ! IDEA ( AN>*ISM1 BUT1 HAV+ DISCOV]$ IT AMONG ! MASSES1 M]ELY HELP$ DEVELOP & PROPAGATE IT ?R\< ! P[] ( !IR ?\<T & KN[L$GE4 7,DIELO ,TRUDA ,GR\P1 #a#i#b#f7 

,IT IS NONE!LESS AN IMPORTANT PO9T = UNITY4 ,9 DO+ SO1 WE REAFFIRM ! ORIG9AL S5TIM5T ( E>LY PIONE]S ( BO? AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM ?AT IT IS ACTIVITY -- SOLID>ITY1 ORGANIZATION & $UCATION -- ?AT IS ! REVOLUTION>Y COMPON5T ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY4 

,! K9D ( ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM ?AT ?OSE OP]AT+ FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE HOPE TO DEVELOP IS ONE BAS$ ON A CONT9UAL & EVOLV+ DIALOGUE BETWE5 9TELLECTUALS & WORK+ CLASS MILITANTS4 ,PRACTICALLY1 ?IS HAS TO BE ROOT$ 9 ! GRASSROOTS CONDITIONS ( EV]Y HI/ORICAL /RUGGLE1 BUILD+ FROM CONCRETE EXP]I5CES UPW>DS4 ,WE %\LD SEE IT AS POSSIBLE AT ALL TIMES TO CONT9UALLY CRITICALLY RE-APPRAISE ! CONDITION ( \R !ORY 9 COMMUNICATION ) ! EXI/+1 MO/ ADVANC$ EXPRESSIONS ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ RESI/ANCE1 H[EV] M9OR !SE MAY SEEM4 ,MOREOV]1 ,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM NE$ ?IS RELATION%IP TO AVOID /AGNATION4 ,)\T IT !RE MAY BE AN>*I/S & ,M>XI/S1 BUT !RE WON'T BE REVOLUTION>IES4 ,SO MANY ATTEMPTS TO ADDRESS RECUP]ATION HAVE PROCE$$ FROM A FLAW$ ASSUMPTION1 ?AT IT IS SOMEH[ POSSIBLE TO >TICULATE ! P]FECT !ORY1 IMMUNE FROM CO-OPTION1 REL5TLESS 9 ITS CRITICISM & >TICULATE 9 ITS GUIDE = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,H[EV]1 SU* AN 5DEAVOR />TS FROM AN IDEALI/ P]SPECTIVE -- ?AT SOMEH[ !ORY IS A =CE 9 ITSELF ?AT CAN BE %AP$ & MOLD$ BY 9TELLECTUAL EF=T ALONE4 ,!ORY1 H[EV]1 IS NO?+ BUT A RELIC ( PA/ /RUGGLES4 ,:E!R ?IS IS 9 ! =M ( ! T]MS & CONCEPTS WE DRAW FROM1 ! HI/ORICAL EV5TS AT ! CORE ( \R ANALYSIS OR EV5 ! RECUP]AT$ T]MS & NOTIONS WE HAVE TO /RUGGLE AGA9/1 !Y >E ALL ESS5TIALLY MAT]IAL 9 *>ACT]4 ,! CORPSES 9 \R M\?S >E ?OSE ( MURD]$ REVOLUTION>IES4 ,IF WE >E TRULY TO TAKE ON ! MAGNITUDE ( RECUP]ATION !N WE ALSO HAVE TO ACKN[L$GE ?AT ! ONLY !ORY ?AT HAS TRUE CRITICAL VALUE IS ONE ?AT IS ROOT$ 9 REAL & CONT9U+ SOCIAL /RUGGLES4 

,WE HAVE1 !RE=E1 TO TAKE ALT]NATIVE C\RSES ( ACTION4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 WE CAN WAIT1 SPECULATE1 ANALYZE & ANTICIPATE4 ,ON ! O!R1 WE CAN P>TICIPATE4 ,$UCATION IS A P[]FUL WEAPON1 IT NO CO9CID5CE ?AT IT HAS HI/ORICALLY BE5 SU* A C5TRAL COMPON5T ( SOCIALI/ ORGANIZ+4 ,SELF-$UCATION HAS ALWAYS BE5 AN IMPORTANT BASE ( \R MOVEM5T4 ,! DIFF]5CE N[ IS ?AT1 9 ! ,WE/1 CONTEMPOR>Y /UD5TS ( AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM >E NOT ONLY CONFRONT$ ) TRADITIONAL OB/ACLES -- POV]TY1 LACK ( TIME & RES\RCES -- BUT ALSO ! ADD$ DIFFICULTY ( HAV+ TO SURPASS ! VULG> ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM ?AT IS TAU<T 9 MA9/REAM $UCATION4 

,:5 E>LY AGITATORS CONCEIV$ !IR TASK AS 0BR++ REVOLUTION TO ! MASSES0 !Y MADE AN ]ROR4 
,!IR TASK WAS NOT SIMPLY TO DISSEM9ATE AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM AMONG ! WORK+ CLASSES1 BUT ALSO TO LE>N FROM !M4 ,REVOLUTION>IES1 :E!R !Y CONC$E ! IDEA OR NOT1 >E REPRES5TATIVES ( A CONT9U+ TRADITION ( CLASS /RUGGLE1 !Y >E ! PA/ MEET+ ! PRES5T CONFRONTATION ) CAPITALISM4 ,\R CRITICISM %\LD NOT BE SE5 AS TAK+ PLACE BETWE5 !ORETICALLY PRIVILEG$ 0\TSID]S0 & NAIVE 09SID]S0 7AS IS ! CASE ) MU* POSITIVI/IC SOCIAL SCI5CE71 BUT AS EQUALS )9 ! SAME /RUGGLE4 ,WE \TL9E CRITICAL P]SPECTIVES AS DEVELOP$ FROM \R [N PR9CIPLES :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY =W>D+ A WID] DISC\RSE AS BAS$ UPON \R COLLECTIVE EXP]I5CE4 ,IT IS CORRECT TO CRITICIZE 9TELLECTUALS = AGONIZ+ OV] !IR 0RELATION%IP0 TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! FACT IS ?AT !RE IS NO RELATION%IP1 !Y >E COMPON5TS ( ! SAME MOVEM5T OR !Y >E NOT4 ,?IS IS A P]SPECTIVE1 EV5 JU/ LOOK+ BRIEFLY AT SOME CONTEMPOR>Y EV5TS1 ?AT IS DESP]ATELY LACK+ 9 \R DISCIPL9E4 

,ON ! AFT]NOON ( ,SATURDAY #f? ,SEPTEMB] #b#h1 ,GREEK POLICE %OT DEAD A #a#e-YE>-OLD /UD5T 9 ! C5TRAL ,EX>*IA DI/RICT 9 ,A!NS4 ,POLICE R\T9ELY CLA%$ ) IMMIGRANT & WORK+ CLASS Y\?S ?R\<\T ! POOR] DI/RICTS ( ! CAPITAL1 H[EV]1 ?IS TIME ! CONFRONTATION W\LD TURN FATAL4 ,! EV5TS ?AT FOLL[$ CAME TO BE KN[N 9 ! MA9/REAM M$IA AS P>T ( ! 0,GREEK ,DECEMB]40 ,PUBLIC \TRAGE AT ! POLICE1 ALONG ) CONT9U+ ATTACKS ON WORK+ CONDITIONS FOLL[+ ! ECONOMIC CRISIS1 CAUS$ WIDESPREAD MOBILIZATIONS4 ,POLICE /ATIONS BURN$1 LUXURY %OPS W]E RANSACK$1 ROADS BLOCKAD$ & ! C5T] ( ,A!NS SAW CONT9U\S RUNN+ BATTLES ) AGGRESSIVE RIOT POLICE4 ,! FIR/ WORK TO COME \T ( ACADEMIA ON ?IS SUBJECT WAS FROM ! ,HELL5IC ,OBS]VATORY 9 ,L,S,E4 ,!Y PUBLI%$ A COLLECTION ( ESSAYS ON ! RIOTS TITL$1 ,! ,RETURN ( ,/REET ,POLITICS8 9 ,APRIL #b#i4 ,! CONTRIBUTORS W]E V>I$1 FROM PR(ESSORS & ECONOMI/S ?R\<\T ! ,U,K & ,EUROPE TO J\RNALI/S & PR(ESSIONAL ANALY/S1 !Y EV5 MANAG$ TO SQUEEZE 9 A FEW RADICAL PO/-/RUCTURALI/S4 ,YET1 DESPITE ! V>IETY ( POLITICAL POSITIONS ?AT W]E BE+ DRAWN FROM !RE WAS A S+LE ME?ODOLOGICAL AIM DISPLAY$ ?R\<\T ! COLLECTION4 ,EV]Y WRIT] /RUGGL$ TO DESCRIBE ! EV5TS ?R\< ! L5S ( !IR [N IDEOLOGICAL N>RATIVE1 :E!R ?IS MEANT SEE+ ! EV5TS AS AN 9DICATION ( ! AWAK5+ ( A DEMOCRATIC 0MULTITUDE10 A MASS PSY*OLOGICAL DISPLAY ( Y\?FUL REBELLION1 A NIHILI/ GLIMPSE 9TO A BLEAK FUTURE OR EV5 A CRY = PRIVATIZATION & FRE] ECONOMIC M>KETS4 ,NOT ONE ( ! AU?ORS *OSE TO GIVE ?OSE P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! REBELLION A VOICE4 ,?IS WAS1 EV5 = ?OSE DEF5D+ ! ACTIONS ( ! RIOT]S1 AN 5TIRELY ONE-WAY PROCESS4 ,EV5 ! ANALYSIS ( SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>IES RESORT$ TO SIMPLE & >BITR>Y AB/RACTIONS4 ,= ! ,L59I/S IT WAS ! AGE-OLD 0CRISIS ( LEAD]%IP0 RESURFAC+1 AS NAIVE & 09SURRECTION>Y0 Y\? W]E 0BETRAY$0 BY ! FAILURE ( ! POLITICAL ,LEFT & ! TRADE UNIONS TO TAKE UP ! MANTLE4 ,9 ! 5D1 ! MO/ >TICULATE EXPRESSION ( ! 5]GY BEH9D ! EV5TS WAS NOT TO COME FROM ! SOCIOLOGI/S1 POLITICAL SCI5TI/S OR EV5 ! RADICAL !ORI/S ( ,EUROPEAN UNIV]SITIES4 ,IT WAS TO COME FROM 9SIDE ! 9SURRECTION1 FROM ! TE/IMONY ( A 0HOT-HEAD$0 Y\?1 

,UNTIL ,I TURN$ EI<TE51 !Y ?\<T ,I WAS ON !IR SIDE4 ,EXCELL5T BEHAVIOR1 EXCELL5T M>KS1 
C]TIFICATES 9 =EIGN LANGUAGES1 Y\ KN[1 ALL !SE MAKE !M CALL Y\ A 0GOOD GIRL40 ,MEAN+ 
?AT Y\ WILL ATT5D A GOOD COLLEGE1 Y\ WILL HAVE A GOOD JOB1 Y\ WILL MAKE A NICE FAMILY BE A PEACE-LOV+ 9DIVIDUAL4 ,ON ,SATURDAYS Y\ WILL BE GO+ TO ! SUP]M>KET & ON ,SUNDAYS = A DRIVE TO ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,!Y HAVE DUG !IR [N GRAVE4 ,A GREAT SLAP WAS NECESS>Y = ME TO WAKE UP4 ,& H]E IT IS4 ,I'M SORRY1 ALL Y\ DE>E/4 ,BUT Y\'LL F9D ME AGA9/ Y\ ONCE AGA94 ,I AM JU/ #a4#g ( HEI<T & #e#eKG4 ,BUT Y\ DON'T HAVE ! SLI<TE/ CLUE ( :AT ,I AM CAPABLE (4 -- ,A GOOD /UD5T GIRL 

,REF]5CES 

,CLEAV]1 ,H4 7#a#i#h#c7 0,K>L ,M>X3 ,ECONOMI/ OR ,REVOLUTION>Y80 ,93 ,HELBURN1 ,S4,W4 & ,BRAMHALL1 ,D4,F4 7$S47 ,M>X1 ,S*UMPET] & ,KEYNES3 ,A ,C5T5>Y ,CELEBRATION ( ,DISS5T4 7,>MONK3 ,M4,E4 ,%>PE1 ,9C41 #a#i#h#f7 PP4 #a#b#a-#a#d#f4 

,CRUMP1 ,J4 7#a#i#g#e7 ,A ,CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,CRITIQUE ( ,M>X4 7,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION_/,SOLID>ITY71 VIEW$ #b#a/ ,AUGU/ #bi @< 
HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/A!NS_/ACROPOLIS_/#h#a#i#e_/M>X.-CRITIQUE4HTM@> 

,DAUVE1 ,G4 7AKA ,JEAN ,B>ROT7 & ,M>T91 ,F4 7#a#i#g#d7 ,! ,ECLIPSE & ,REEM]G5CE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MOVEM5T4 7,BLACK @& ,R$3 ,DETROIT1 ,U,S,A7 

,DAUVE1 ,G4 7AKA ,JEAN ,B>ROT7 7#a#i#g#i7 0,CRITIQUE ( ! ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL40 ,R$-EYE #a4 7,B]KELEY7 ,DEBORD1 ,G4 7#a#i#f#g7 ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE4 7,REBEL ,PRESS3 ,LONDON7 

,DIELO ,TRUDA ,GR\P 7#a#i#b#f7 ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,PLAT=M ( ! ,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/S 7,DRAFT74 ,VIEW$ #b#a/ ,AUGU/ #bi 

,5DNOTES 7#b#h7 0,PRELIM9>Y ,MAT]IALS = A ,BALANCE ,%EET ( ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY10 ,5DNOTES #a4 7,5DNOTES3 ,BRI<TON7 

,5GELS1 ,F4 7#a#h#h#d7 0,M>X & ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG 7#a#h#d#h-#d#i710 ,D] ,SOZIALDEMOKRAT4 ,M>* #a#c1 #ahhd ,5GELS1 ,F4 7#a#h#g#g7 ,ANTI-,DUHR+4 ,LAWR5CE & ,WI%>T ,LTD41 #aiee 

,5GELS1 ,F4 7#a#h#h#c7 ,DIALECTICS ( ,NATURE ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S1 #aigb 

,L591 ,V4,I4 7#a#i#a#g7 0,CAN ! ,BOL%EVIKS ,RETA9 ,/ATE ,P[]80 ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS -- ,VOL4 #b#f4 7,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S3 ,MOSC[1 #a#i#g#b71 PP4 #h#g-#a#c#f 

,LUXEMBURG1 ,R4 7#a#i#a#i7 0,ORD] PREVAILS 9 ,B]L940 ,GESAMMELTE ,W]KE1 ,VOL4#d 7,DIETZ ,V]LAG3 ,B]L97 

,M>X1 ,K4 ,& ,5GELS1 ,F4 7#a#h#d#h7 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O4 7,P5GU9 ,BOOKS3 ,LONDON1 #b#d7 

,MC,NAU<TON1 ,N4 7#b#i7 ,$EXCEL ,GOV]NM5T @& ,POLITICS = ,A#b3 ,IDEOLOGIES4 7,HODD] ,$UCATION7 

,VON ,/E91 ,L4 7#a#h#e7 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ! ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE1 #a#g#h#i-#a#h#e4 7,! ,B$M9/] PRESS3 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 #a#i#f#d7 

,WRI<T1 ,S4 7#b#b7 ,/ORM+ ,HEAV53 ,CLASS COMPOSITION & ,/RUGGLE 9 ,ITALIAN ,AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM4 7,PLUTO ,PRESS3 ,LONDON7 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/