,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a 
7,NEW7 ,NEW ,LEFT83 RADICAL CONSID]ATIONS 9 ,CANADA & ,QUEBEC FROM ! PO/-#a#i#f#h MOM5T TO TODAY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX ,PRI*>D 

,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5OIT ,*ALL& 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY 

,AU?OR 3 ,*I>A ,BOTTICI 

,TEXT 3 

,CONV]G5CE ,?R\< ,PRACTICE #a3 ,! ,NEW ,LEFT 

7,NEW7 ,NEW ,LEFT83 RADICAL CONSID]ATIONS 9 ,CANADA & ,QUEBEC FROM ! PO/-#a#i#f#h MOM5T TO TODAY 

,MIKE ,M[BRAY 

,9TRODUCTION 

,?IS PAP] BEG9S ) SO-CALL$ ',NEW ,LEFT' 9 ! P>TICUL> CONTEXT ( ,CANADA & ( ,QUEBEC -- AS SE5 ?R\< ! L5S ( SOME RADICAL PUBLICATIONS4 ,I WILL BEG9 ) A NOTE ON ! NOTIONS ( ! ',NEW ,LEFT' ITSELF1 & ) A ?UMBNAIL SKET* ( ! LOCAL SOCIO-POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS & PROM95T ASPECTS ( RADICAL CONT5TION RELEVANT TO ! ,QUEBEC-,CANADA CONTEXT4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY1 ,I EXAM9E SOME IDEAS & EXPRESSIONS ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT1 AS EM]G$ 9 ! PAGES ( ! TW9 ,MONTREAL PUBLICATIONS ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE 9 ! EXPLOSIVE CLIMATE ( ! LAT] #a#i#fS1 A P]IOD REF]R$ TO 9 ,FR5* AS 0LES ANNEES #a#i#f#h40 ,DISCUSS+ ! NOTION ( ! 0REVOLUTION>Y Y\? MOVEM5T0 7& ITS E>LY !ORIZATION BY ,QUEBEC SOCIOLOGI/ ,M>CEL ,RI\X 9 P>TICUL>7 9 RELATION SOME ( ! BROAD] CURR5TS & DEBATES 9 ,QUEBEC LEFT RADICALISM AT ! TIME1 ,I HOPE TO 9DICATE SOME ( CONT\RS ( ?IS P>TICUL> CASE4 ,9 SO DO+1 ,I WILL PO9T TO SOME ASPECTS ( CONV]G5CE1 & ( FRICTION1 BETWE5 ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/-9FLU5C$ 9T]PRET]S ( :AT MANY SAW AS A POT5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORICAL MOM5T -- P>TICUL>LY OV] QUE/IONS ( NATIONALISM1 ORGANIZATION & C\NT]-CULTURE1 CONSID]ATIONS :I* ,I HOPE TO %[ HAVE MOLD$ SOME ( ! PROBLEMATICS EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ! RADICAL PRESS TODAY4 ,9 CONCLUD+1 ,I WILL TRY TO T\* ON A CONTEMPOR>Y C\NT]PO9T1 FLIPP+ ! CAL5D> =W>D #ce YE>S FROM ! 5D PO9T ( ?IS EXT5D$ HI/ORICAL MOM5T1 & NOTE REC5T EF=TS TO CONCEPTUALIZE A ',NEW ,NEW ,LEFT' 9 ! PAN-,CANADIAN J\RNAL ,UPP+ ! ,ANTI4 ,F9ALLY1 ,I BR+ ! DISCUSSION BACK TO ,QUEBEC4 ,9 ?IS P>TICUL> CONTEXT1 ,I SUGGE/ 7DRAW+ ON ! AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS ,RUPTURES & ,LA ,MAUVAISE ,H]BE7 ?AT AL?\< ! CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/ CONTRIBUTIONS HAVE PR$OM9ANTLY REJECT$ ,QUEBECOIS NATIONALISM 7AT LEA/ EXPLICITLY71 MANY CURR5T T5SIONS -- P>TICUL>LY OV] ORGANIZATION & ! DEBATES PITT+ 'SOCIAL' OR CLASS-/RUGGLE AGA9/ 'LIFE/YLE' OR RADICAL-PLURALI/ 7& (T5 'C\NT]-CULTURAL'7 AN>*ISM -- REMA9 AS VE/IGES ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT PROBLEMATIC EXEMPLIFI$ BY REC\RSE TO ! 0REVOLUTION>Y Y\? MOVEM5T40 

,NEW ,LEFT3 'LES ANNEES #a#i#f#h' 9 ,QUEBEC @& '! REVOLUTION>Y Y\? MOVEM5T' 

',NEW ,LEFT' IS A T]M BROADLY APPLI$ TO ?OSE MOVEM5TS & POLITICAL IDEAS :I* EM]G$ 9 OPPOSITION TO BO? 0AN 'OBSOLETE COMMUNISM' & A 'SOLD-\T SOCIAL DEMOCRACY'7,MC,KAY #b#e3#a#h#c70 DUR+ ! #a#i#fS & #gS4 ,HI<LI<T$ 9T]NATIONALLY BY SU* P>OXYSMAL MOM5TS AS ,MAY #aifh & ! ,*ICAGO ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION1 A TYPICAL ,NEW ,LEFT POLITICS REJECT$ ,WE/]N 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM 7ASSOCIAT$ ) ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM1 CON=MITY & CRASS EXPLOITATION7 AS WELL AS ! 'REAL-EXI/+' SOCIALISM ( ! ,U,S,S,R 79 LI<T ( ! #aief REVELATIONS & AN ANALYSIS ( ,SOVIET BUREAUCRATIC /ATISM74 ,V]Y G5]ALLY1 ELEM5TS ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT S\<T TO TRANSC5D ! ALI5ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ECONOMIC1 CULTURAL & PSY*OLOGICAL T]MS ?R\< CREATIVE ACTION & ! PROGRESSIVE ELIM9ATION ( BO? /RUCTURAL CON/RA9TS & 9/ITUTIONAL AU?ORITY1 & T5D$ ALSO TO PRIORITIZE DECOLONIZATION & AN 5D TO MILIT>Y AGGRESSION4 

,9 ,CANADA1 AS ELSE:]E1 ! ,NEW ,LEFT MOV$ AWAY FROM PREVI\S POLITICAL =MATIONS' EMPHASIS ON ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT AS REVOLUTION>Y AG5T1 & FROM ! /ATE-PLANN+ SOCIALISM ( ! TRADITIONAL ,C,C,F_/,N,D,P 7,CANADA'S LEFTMO/ P>LIAM5T>Y P>TY74 ,MANY ,NEW ,LEFT EXPRESSIONS T5D$ TO BE M>K$ BY A SPONTANAEI/ T5D5CY1 & AN ANTICIPATORY ORI5TATION -- \TL9+ A PREFIGURATIVE 
POLITICS SUPPLEM5T$ BY 'DIRECT ACTION' OR PROTE/ ?AT S\<T TO CONFRONT ! REPRESSIVE AU?ORITY ( PREVAIL+ 'B\RGEOIS' 9/ITUTIONS & EVADE ! HOLL[ HOMOG5AEITY ( COOKIE-CUTT] CONSUM]ISM 7,MC,KAY #b#e74 

,9 ,QUEBEC1 ! 9FLU5CE ( ,MAY #aifh -- :I* ONE MI<T EXPECT TO BE GREAT GIV5 %>$ LANGUAGE & NATIONAL HI/ORY -- WAS L>GELY SECOND>Y TO ,AM]ICAN 9FLU5CES1 C\NT]-CULTURAL & POLITICAL & TO 5DEMIC T5D5CIES TI$ TO A NEWLY AWAK5$ ,M>XI/ & ANTI-COLONIAL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! PROV9CE HAS A L>GE FRANCOPHONE MAJORITY :I* HAS ALWAYS BE5 CONSCI\S ( ITS SUBORD9ATE POSITION 9 BO? PRE-& PO/-,CONF$]ATION ,CANADA1 & Y\NG RADICALS 9CREAS+LY CAME TO VIEW ?IS AS ANALOG\S BO? TO ,?IRD ,WORLD COLONIZATION &1 FAM\SLY1 TO ! SITUATION ( ,AM]ICAN BLACKS -- A POSITION PROP\ND$ BY ,PI]RE ,VALLI]ES 9 HIS BOOK ',LES ,NEGRES ,BLANCS D',AM]IQUE4' ,BY ! MID-#a#i#fS1 A CONC]T$ '9DEP5DANTI/E' MOVEM5T1 ITSELF HI<LY DIVID$1 HAD TAK5 HOLD1 & LIFE 9 ,MONTREAL WAS M>K$ BY ! SIMM]+ L[-LEVEL T]RORI/ ACTIVITIES ( ! ,FRONT DE ,LIB]ATION DE ,QUEBEC 7,F,L,Q74 

,! SO-CALL$ ',QUIET ,REVOLUTION' ( ! #a#i#fS SAW SECUL> S(T-NATIONALI/ ELEM5TS 9 ! PROV9CIAL ,LIB]AL P>TY PULL ! PROV9CE ( \T ( ITS DECID$LY CONS]VATIVE ,CA?OLIC PA/ 9 FAVOR ( A TE*NOCRATIC PLANN+-/ATE :I* QUICKLY BUILT UP A ,KEYNESIAN BASE = ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC BETT]M5T ( ! ,QUEBECOIS & U%]$ 9 AN 9T5SE CULTURAL LIB]ALIZATION4 ,! P]IOD WAS ALSO M>K$ BY SIGNIFICANT RADICALIZATION & CONSOLIDATION ( PEACE1 /UD5TS1' WORK]S1' & FEM9I/ GR\PS 9 ,QUEBEC1 SIMULTANE\SLY & SOMETIMES 9 CONJUNCTION ) ,QUEBEC NATIONAL-LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS L9K$ TO A LOGIC ( DECOLONIALIZATION & :I* SAW ! PROGRESS ( ! ,QUIET ,REVOLUTION AS DECID$LY 9SUFFICI5T4 ,! CASE ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT 9 ,QUEBEC IS COMPLICAT$ BY ! NATIONAL MOVEM5TS' SP>R+ IDEOLOGICAL /ANCES1 DRAW+ ON ANTI-COLONIAL DISC\RSE & A H>D-WR\<T S5SE ( NATIONAL 7COLLECTIVE7 ID5TITY =G$ 9 ! CRUCIBLE ( ! RELATIVE CULTURAL & ECONOMIC M>G9ALIZATION ( ! PROV9CE'S ,FR5*-SPEAK+ MAJORITY -- & BY T5SIONS BETWE5 !SE MOVEM5TS & A BROAD] PAN-,CANADIAN ',NEW ,LEFT4' 

,P]IODIZATION IS1 ( C\RSE1 A PROBLEMATIC EXPLOIT1 P>TICUL>LY ) RESPECT TO ! ,NEW ,LEFT1 SO (T5 LUMP$ UND] ! BANN] ( A DECADE -- ! #a#i#fS -- OR FOCUS$ ON A S+LE YE>1 #a#i#f#h4 ,= ! SAKE ( EXP$I5CY1 ,I FRAME MY DISCUSSION 9 T]MS ( ! R\< P]IODIZATION ( 'LES ANNEES #a#i#f#h1' 7! #aifh YE>S7 COMPRIS+ R\<LY #a#i#f#h-#a#i#g4 ,?IS IS A P]IOD M>K$ BY AN 9T5SE DEMOGRAPHIC SPIKE -- ! 'BABY -- BOOM' G5]ATION -- & ! EXT5SION ( $UCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES TO PORTIONS ( ! POPULATION PREVI\SLY EXCLUD$1 :I* CONC5TRAT$ MU* ( ! ACTION 9 ! /UD5T MILIEU4 ,COMM5TATORS ON 'LES ANNEES #a#i#f#h' 9 ,QUEBEC PO9T TO RADICALS' EMPHASIS ON 'DIRECT ACTION' & ! REFUSAL ( COOP]ATION OR 'P>TICIPATION' 79 RUPTURE ) PRIOR LEFT /UD5T UNION LOBBY+7 :I* 9VOK$ SPONTANEISM1 UTOPIAN IDEALISM & 9T5SE COLLECTIVE FRU/RATION4 ,! V]Y CONCEPT ( REPRES5TATIVE ORGANIZATION WAS PUT 9 QUE/ION1 AS ! MA9 /UD5T UNION1 ,U,G,E,Q1 DISSOLV$ ITSELF AS 0UNREPRES5TATIVE10 & FAIL$ TO RECON/ITUTE4 ,H]E WE SEE A PORTION ( ! /UD5T OR 'Y\?' CON/ITU5CY 5GAG+ A LOOSELY 'AN>*I/' 7MORE PROP]LY RADICAL LIB]T>IAN7 CURR5T COMMON TO ! LESS POLITICALLY A/UTE ,COHN-,B5DIT & ,J]RY ,RUB9-9SPIR$ PROTE/]S -- ?\< (T5 ) A M9IMUM ( CONCEPTUAL >TICULATION4 ,AS ONE 'CONTE/ATAIRE' PUT IT 0,L'AN>*IE1 C'E/ FAIRE CE QUE TU ES1 ET RI5 
D'AUTRE 7,PAIEM5T #a#i#f#i1 CF4 ,W>R5 #b#hA3 #a#a#g74 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 T5SIONS EM]G$ NOT ONLY AMONG ,QUEBEC LEFT-NATIONALI/ MOVEM5TS & BETWE5 SU* MOVEM5TS & A BROAD] ',NEW ,LEFT1' BUT ALSO BETWE5 DIFF]5T ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/-9FLU5C$ 9T]PRET]S ( REVOLUTION>Y PROSPECTS = 'LES ANNEES #a#i#f#h1' & BETWE5 ! LESS >TICULAT$ POLITICS ( AN EXPLOSIVE C\NT]-CULTURE & ?OSE :O S\<T A WELL-CONSID]$ PA? TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,ACTIONS AT PO/-SECOND>Y 9/ITUTIONS 7& MANY HI< S*OOLS7 W]E PROM95T1 9CLUD+ A WIDESPREAD /UD5T /RIKE 9 ,QUEBEC JUNIOR COLLEGES 7OR ,C,E,G,E,P,S7 9 #a#i#f#h1 NUM]\S OCCUPATIONS & CONFRONTATIONS ) 9/ITUTIONAL ADM9I/RATIONS1 GOV]NM5T1 & SOMETIMES POLICE1 CAPP$ BY ! SO-CALL$ 0,OP]ATION ,MC,GILL FRANCAIS10 9 :I* #a#b1 PEOPLE DEM&$ (FICIAL UNIL+UALISM & ?AT ! PRE/IGI\S UNIV]SITY 7,MC,GILL7 BE PUT 9 S]VICE ( ! FRANCOPHONE MAJORITY4 ,A HI< PO9T ( RADICAL POPUL> CONTE/ATION1 'LES ANNEES #a#i#f#h' BR\<T TOGE!R A HO/ ( IMM$IATE DEM&S 7= FREE S*OOL+1 UNIL+UALISM1 BETT] T]MS ( COLLECTIVE B>GA9+7 & WID] POLITICAL OBJECTIVES 7NATIONAL LIB]ATION & 9DEP5D5CE1 AN 5D TO CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 CULTURAL LIB]ALIZATION74 ,! ,OCTOB] #aifh /UD5T /RIKES & OCCUPATIONS 9 ,QUEBEC 7MA9LY C5T]$ 9 ,MONTREAL71 :ILE (T5 9VOK+ ! NAME & ORGANIZ+ FRAME ( AN>*ISM1 SEEM TO M>K AN 9VOCATION ( ! OPTIMI/IC BELIEF ?AT SPONTANE\S RADICALIZATION & MASS SOCIAL SOLID>ITY ) ACTIVI/ /RUGGLES W\LD BR+ ! /ATE & CORPORATE P[]S TO !IR KNEES 7,W>R5 #b#hA72 ?IS IS NOT DISSIMIL> TO SOME ACC\NTS ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ,MAY #aifh & AN>*ISM 9 ,FRANCE 7E4G4 ,BAILL>GEON #b#d7 -- ?\< SU* ACC\NTS FAIL TO ACKN[L$GE ! POLITICAL COMMITM5TS ( EV5 ! MO/ FAM\SLY IRREV]5T1 SU* AS ! ,SITUATIONI/S4 ,= SOME RADICAL PUBLICATIONS1 ?IS E?OS /AY$ ON AS AN ANIMAT+ !ME2 = O!RS1 IT /OOD \T AS A HOPEFUL SIGN1 ?\< ONE ASSOCIAT$ ) A P]CEIV$ LACK ( A FIRM !ORETICAL BASE1 :I* PROMPT$ ',NEW ,LEFT' PUBLICATIONS SU* AS ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE TO !ORIZE & SEEK TO MOLD A 0REVOLUTION>Y Y\? MOVEM5T40 

,RADICAL @& ',NEW ,LEFT' PUBLICATIONS 

,! EM]G5CE ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT 9T]NATIONALLY WAS M>K$ BY 0A MASSIVE \TP\R+ ( PUBLICATIONS 7,MC,KAY #b#e3 #a#h#c702 BY ! LATE #a#i#fS1 ! DESIRE ( OPPOSITION GR\PS1 (T5 CONT5D+ AMONG !MSELVES1 = EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS GAVE RISE TO A NUMB] ( 9DEP5D5T PUBLICATIONS 9 ,QUEBEC 7,RABOY #a#i#h#c74 ,AS IT HAPP5S1 ONE ( ! MO/ PROM95T ',NEW ,LEFT' PUBLICATIONS ) A PAN-,CANADIAN ORI5TATION WAS BAS$ 9 ,MONTREAL -- :I* 5TAIL$ TAK+ A /AB AT ! ,GORDIAN KNOT ( COMPLICATIONS AFFECT+ RADICAL-LEFT ANALYSIS 9 ,QUEBEC4 ,\R ,G5]ATION EM]G$ FROM ! /UD5T_/ANTI-W> MOVEM5T1 SELF-ID5TIFI$ ) ! ',NEW ,LEFT1' ESP\S$ AN ADMIXTURE ( M>XI/1 LEFT-LIB]T>IAN1 & AN>*I/ >GUM5TS UND] ! RUBRIC ( A NONVIOL5T EXTRA-P>LIAM5T>Y OPPOSITION MOVEM5T ) REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS4 ,! ,SEPTEMB] #aiff $ITION BEG9S ) AN 0$ITORIAL /ATEM5T ON ,QUEBEC0 AV[+ A COMMITM5T TO MAKE 0SOCIAL DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,QUEBEC .<444.> A P]MAN5T FEATURE10 & CONT5T DUR+ 'LES ANNEES #a#i#f#h' REFLECTS ?IS COMMITM5T -- ?\< ! EMPHASIS ON 'Y\?' AS REVOLUTION>Y 
AG5T SEEMS TO REPRES5T AN ATTEMPT TO BRIDGE CLASS1 E?NIC & NATIONAL T5SIONS4 ,AS SU*1 IT BR+S 9 A /RONG UNIV]SALISM 9 T5SION ) P>TICUL> GR\P CLAIMS4 

,! %ORT-LIV$ ,NOIR ET ,R\GE 70LA REVUE TRIME/RIELLE DE LA N\VELLE GAU*E QUEBECOISE07EM]G$ AS A K9D ( ,FR5*-LANGUAGE SI/] PUBLICATION 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! /UD5T REVOLT & ADVANC$ SIMIL> POSITIONS1 ) SEV]AL >TICLES CROSS-PUBLI%$ 9 TRANSLATION4 ,! LATT] PUBLICATION1 AL?\< IT DOES NOT 9CLUDE ! K9DS ( EXPLICIT REPUDIATION ( NATIONAL-LIB]ATION AS A PA? TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION :I* SOMETIMES MADE ! PAGES ( ,\R ,G5]ATION 7?\< NOTABLY ALONGSIDE MORE POSITIVE EVALUATIONS ACKN[L$G+ ! REALITY REPRES5T$ BY ! COMPOSITION ( ,QUEBEC RADICAL CON/ITU5CIES71 DOES RELEGATE SU* CONSID]ATIONS TO SECOND>Y /ATUS 9 ITS 9SI/5CE ON ! /UD5T MOVEM5T AS A KEY ACTOR :I* REQUIR$ A MOVE BACK TO ! ORGANIZATIONAL DRAW+ BO>D 7RECON/ITUT+ & REVITALIZ+ A DISSOLV$ PROV9CIAL /UD5T UNION74 ,ITS PRIM>Y CONC]N LAY ) ! ,QUEBEC /UD5T MOVEM5T -- ) TWO ( ?REE ISSUES DEVOT$ 5TIRELY TO ! TOPIC -- & ) DISSEM9AT+ A VISION ( NONVIOL5T DIRECT ACTION & A SYN!SIS ( ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ !ORETICAL P]SPECTIVES 7(T5 ADAPT$ TO 9CLUDE CRITIQUES ( BUREAUCRACY & HOMOG5IZATION 9 CONSUM] SOCIETY7 9CLUD+ WORK BY ,DANIEL ,GU]91 ,?OREAU & ,RAMUS4 

,BO? PUBLICATIONS EXHIBIT$ A SOMETIMES T5SE 9T]PLAY BETWE5 ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ CURR5TS 9 ! ?\<T ( RADICAL MOVEM5TS1 =EGR\ND+ BO?444 

,:ILE MY WORK FOCUSES ON !SE TWO J\RNALS1 !RE >E ( C\RSE MANY O!RS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ANY DISCUSSION ( ,QUEBEC RADICAL PUBLICATIONS 9 ! #a#i#fS CANNOT FAIL TO ACKN[L$GE ! IMPORTANCE ( ! REVIEW ,P>TI ,PRIS4 ,:E!R AS A S\RCE ( 9SPIRATION OR AS ! FOIL AGA9/ :I* O!RS W]E =C$ TO DEF9E !IR POSITIONS1 ! J\RNAL ESP\S$ A REVOLUTION>Y ETAPISME 7/AGE-ISM71 AN APPROA* :I* PRIVILEG$ ,QUEBEC 9DEP5D5CE AS A PRE-CONDITION = AN EQUITABLE SOCIALISM4 ,SOME1 SU* AS ! J\RNAL ,MOBILIZATION 7L9K$ TO ! ,M\VEM5T P\R UNE ,LIB]ATION ,POPULAIRE1 OR ,M,L,P & TO ! DISSID5T ,MC,GILL ,UNIV]SITY PR(ESSOR & AV[$ ,M>XI/ ,/ANLEY ,GRAY71 BY CONTRA/1 TOOK A /& AGA9/ ! ,P>TI ,PRIS POSITION & >GU$ ?AT ! 'NEO-NATIONALISM' & TE*NOCRATIC MANAGEM5T ASC5DANT 9 ! ,QUIET ,REVOLUTION W\LD SIMPLY SEE TO ! =MATION ( AN 5DEMIC B\RGEOISIE & LEAVE ! ECONOMIC BASES ( EXPLOITATION UNT\*$ 7A POSITION ADVANC$ BY SOME AU?ORS 9 ,\R ,G5]ATION & IMPLICIT 9 ! QUE/ = A MORE UNIV]SAL CON/RUCTION ( REVOLUTION>Y AG5CY ?R\<\T BO? ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE74 ,S]I\S-M9D$ ,M>XI/ !ORY & NATIONAL LIB]ATION /RATEGY1 H[EV]1 W]E NOT ALWAYS ! MA9 FOCUS ( PUBLI%+ EF=TS ON ! LEFT4 ,! ,QU>TI] ,LAT91 TO PROVIDE JU/ ONE O!R EXAMPLE1 ?RIV$ ON IRREV]5T POLITICAL COMM5T>Y1 >TS COV]AGE1 POETRY1 HUMOR & C>TOON+3 DESPITE CRITICISM = IT'S 0SPONTANEITY & LACK ( IDEOLOGICAL PRECISION10 IT PR9T$ #c1 COPIES SEMIMON?LY AT ! 5D ( ! #fS -- F> MORE ?AN ! 'S]I\S' J\RNALS4 

,! 'REVOLUTION>Y Y\? MOVEM5T' 9 ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE 

,AS AN 5SEMBLE1 ! RADICAL PUBLICATIONS ( ?IS HI/ORICAL MOM5T 7LIKE ! /UD5T /RUGGLES7 REPRES5T$ A CONV]G5CE ( IDEAS & 9T]E/S CONC]N$ ) REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE -- ?\< BY NO MEANS ONE 9 :I* CONSI/5T POSITIONS ON 
RELATIVE PRIORITIES OR TACTICS4 ,BO? ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE TOOK !IR DI/ANCE FROM ! SEX-DRUGS-&-ROCK'N'ROLL ASPECTS ( ! EM]G5T ,AM]ICAN-9SPIR$ C\NT]-CULTURE 7UNLIKE ! ,QU>TI] ,LAT9721 & 7NOM9ALLY7 FROM ! LOOSE RADICAL LIB]T>IAN SPONTANEISM NOT$ ) REG>D TO ELEM5TS ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T2 :ILE 9CORPORAT+ ! G5]AL E?OS ( A 'PEACE & LOVE' REVOLUTION & A M>K$ CONC]N = ISSUES ( P]SONAL AUTONOMY1 ITS CONTRIBUTORS G5]ALLY MA9TA9$ A FOCUS ON :AT MI<T BE CALL$ ! 'S]I\S BUS9ESS' ( POLITICS4 ,! C\NT]-CULTURE 9 ! /UD5T MOVEM5T WAS SE5 AS A RES\RCE1 A POOL ( ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN 5]GY & FEEL+4 ,AS ,\R ,G5]ATION $ITOR-9-*IEF ,DIMITRI\S ,R\SSOP\LOS 7LAT] PUBLI%] ( ,BLACK ,ROSE BOOKS1 & LONG-TIME ACTIVI/7 PUT IT 9 HIS #aig >TICLE ',T[>DS A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,Y\? ,MOVEM5T1' :I* %>ES A TITLE ) ,MIKE ,KLONSKY'S RESOLUTION TO ! ,DECEMB] #aifh ,S,D,S C\NCIL & CLAIMS ?AT 0AL?\< PUT TOGE!R BY ONE P]SON1 .<IT.> REFLECTS ! G5]AL ?RU/ AS WELL AS POT5TIAL DIRECTIONS ( ! NEW LEFT'S ?9K+ .<9 ,CANADA.>03 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT PROCESS GO+ ON 9 \R SOCIETY TODAY IS ! SWEEP+ DE-9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL /RUCTURE4 .<444.> ,?IS MOLECUL> MOVEM5T CREATES AN ATMOSPH]E ( G5]AL LAWLESSNESS2 A GR[+ P]SONAL1 DAY-TO-DAY DISOB$I5CE1 A T5D5CY NOT TO 0GO ALONG0 ) ! EXI/+ SY/EM1 A SEEM+LY 0PETTY0 BUT NEV]!LESS CRITICAL ATTEMPT TO CIRCUMV5T RE/RICTION 9 EV]Y FACET ( DAILY LIFE4 

,! LOCUS ( ?IS PROCESS1 & ! MA9 CON/ITU5CY ASCRIB$ TO ! ,NEW ,LEFT  --  ! COLLECTIVE ACTOR ON :OM HOPES >E P9N$ -- IS DESCRIB$ 9 ! CATEGORY ( 'Y\?4' ,! 'REVOLUTION>Y Y\? MOVEM5T' IS SE5 AS A POT5TIAL -- CONCEPTUAL & PRACTICAL -- EXT5SION ( ! '/UD5T MOVEM5T1' DRAW+ ON :AT ONE AU?OR T]MS ! 0?IRD COMBAT0 AGA9/ 0DEP]SONALIZATION 9 A HYP]-RATIONAL & OV]ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY0 & UPON ! /RUCTURAL POSITION ( Y\? 9 A DRAWN-\T P]IOD ( PRE-EMPLOYM5T4 ,R\SSOPOL\S1 H[EV]1 \TL9ES A REJECTION ( ! VISION ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS REVOLUTION>Y AG5T /RONG] ?AN ANY?+ 9 ,KLOSKY'S ESSAY ( ! SAME TITLE1 RETROSPECTIVELY E*O+ ,WALL]/E9'S 7#a#i#h#i7 CLAIM ?AT #aifh WAS 0! IDEOLOGICAL TOMB ( ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT0 9 WRIT+ ?AT 0! Y\NG WORK] BECOMES RADICAL NOT BY BECOM+ MORE A WORK] BUT BY UNDO+ HIS 'WORK]NESS4'0 ,BE+ A WORK]1 !N1 IS AN IMPOS$ & CON/RA9+ P>TICUL>ITY1 BUT 'Y\?' HOLDS A VALORIZ$ CA*ET 7EXPLICABLE1 9 AMBIVAL5T FA%ION1 ?R\< ! WORK ( ,M>CEL ,RI\X1 DISCUSS$ 9 ! NEXT SECTION74 

,AGA9/ /]ILE BUREAUCRATIC MOD]NITY1 BUT ALSO AGA9/ TRADITION1 9CLUD+ RELIGION & ELEM5TS ( SECUL> MORALITY1 ! FAMILY /RUCTURE1 & SEXUAL MORES1 AN IDEALI/ ?RU/ P]VADES ?IS PO9T ( VIEW 7EV5 IF ,R\SSOPOL\S SUGGE/S 9 ! SAME >TICLE ?AT ! C\NT]-CULTURE HAS 0REACTION>Y0 T5D5CIES71 AS WELL AS PO/-OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ VIEW ( CAPITALISM 9 :I* ! MIDDLE CLASSES & Y\? JO9$ ! WORK+ CLASS & OPPRESS$ GR\PS 9 A LOOSE ASSEMBLAGE ( POT5TIALLY 'REVOLUTION>Y' AG5TS74 ,AS ,FRANCOIS ,RIC>D 7#a#i#i#b7 HAS >GU$ ( ! BABY-BOOM G5]ATION 9 G5]AL1 & 9 ,QUEBEC 9 P>TICUL>1 !RE WAS A MANIFE/ DESIRE TO DISSOLVE ! WORLD & CREATE ANEW1 >TICULAT$ 9 G5]ATIONAL T]MS -- A K9D ( MESSIANISM1 A SELF-VALORIZ+ GR\P ID5TIFICATION 7P>TICUL>LY 9 ! /UD5T MILIEU71 & AN IDEALI/ 9CL9ATION TO VIEW 'IDEAS' AS ! T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE4 ,A VALORIZ$ ES!TIC ( ! 'NEW1' ( ! UNCON/RA9$ & AU!NTICALLY CREATIVE1 WAS 
SE5 AS KEY TO DIFF]5TIAT+ ! ',NEW ,LEFT' 9 ?IS CONTEXT1 & TO ! HOPEFUL EFF]VESC5CE ?AT SO MANY AU?ORS 9 ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE S\<T TO *ANNEL & REF9E 9TO ORGANIZ$ & SU/A9$ POLITICAL ACTION4 

,?IS NOTION ?AT 'IDEAS' >E A PRIM>Y FIELD ( /RUGGLE1 & ?AT ! FRE% IDEAS ( A Y\?FUL MOVEM5T CON/ITU5CY CAN SOMEH[ SOLVE 9TRACTABLE PROBLEMS IS EMPHASIZ$ 9 BO? PUBLICATIONS4.<#a.> 

7NOTE CONC]N ) REPRODUCTION ?R\< $UCATION1 AS WELL AS C\NT]-CULTURAL CONCEPTIONS ( RESI/ANCE 9 DE ,LUCY #a#i#g1 ,O,G $ITORIAL ( #a#i#f#h17 

,9VOK+ ! EV5TS ( ,MAY #aifh 9 ,FRANCE1 A K9D ( 'ORGANIC' OR SPONTANE\S REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS IS DESCRIB$3 

,MAGNIFIC5TLY APPOSITE & POETIC SLOGANS EM]G$ FROM ! ANONYM\S CR[D4 ,*ILDR5 EXPLA9$ TO !IR ELD]S :AT ! FUNCTION ( $UCATION %\LD BE4 ,! $UCATORS W]E $UCAT$4 ,)9 A FEW DAYS1 Y\NG PEOPLE ( #b ATTA9$ A LEVEL ( UND]/&+ & A POLITICAL & TACTICAL S5SE :I* MANY :O HAD BE5 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T = #c YE>S OR MORE W]E /ILL SADLY LACK+ 7,P,A,G,E74 

,NOIR ET ,R\GE M>K$ \T A SIMIL> IDEOLOGY 9 ?AT IT *OSE TO FOCUS SO 9T5SELY ON /UD5T ISSUES 7! ,C,E,G,E,P /RIKE1 ! /ATE ( ! PROV9CIAL /UD5T UNION1 ETC47 & EXPLICITLY CALL$ = ! /UD5T MOVEM5T TO TAKE A LEAD+ ROLE 9 A MOVEM5T ( UNIONS :I* W\LD BR+ ITS =CES TOGE!R ) ?OSE ( LABOR &44470,LA REVOLTE DES ETUDIANTS0 #a#i#f#i3 ,P,A,G,E74 ,9 0,PAIX1 ,LIB]TE1 ,AM\R1 

,FRAT]NITE10 7#a#i#g71 ,NOIR ET ,R\GE $ITOR ,FRANCOIS DE ,LUCY DESCRIBES ! SAME FUNDAM5TAL QUE/ION+ ( VALUES1 NOTES !IR VIOL5T MANIFE/ATIONS 9 ! CONTEXT ( T]RORI/ '9DEP5DANTI/E' MOVEM5TS1 

,! VISION ( ! 0REVOLUTION>Y Y\? MOVEM5T0 =W>D$ 9 !SE PUBLICATIONS1 ,I %\LD NOTE1 DOES NOT SEEM TO FIT ) EI!R ( ! MAJOR FACTIONS BY ! SAME NAME :I* EM]G$ \T ( ! SPLIT 9 ! ,S,D,S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES' ,S,D,S2 ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE SOLIDLY REJECT$ BO? ! CL&E/9E ACTIVITIES ADVOCAT$ BY ! ,R,Y,N #a 7LAT] ,WEA!RMAN7 & ! VANGU>DI/ P>TY-BUILD+ ( ! ,MAOI/ ,R,Y,N #b -- LIKELY 9 NO SMALL P>T DUE TO ! PREVAIL+ ANALYSIS ( ! ,F,L,Q /RA9 ( ! ,QUEBEC NATIONAL-LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 :I* HAD PRESAG$ ! ,WEA!RMAN /RATEGY ( EXEMPL>Y ACTION 9 A T]RORI/ VE91 9T5D$ TO SP>K ! POPULATION TO ACTION1 & TO AN AN>*I/ COMMITM5T TO DEC5TRALIZATION & AUTONOMY :I* PRECLUD$ A ,M>XI/-,L59I/ P>TY /RATEGY4 ,ULTIMATELY PUTT+ !IR FAI? 9 A LOOSE COALITION ( MOVEM5TS1 /IRR$ 9 !IR RADICALISM BY MOVEM5T 9TELLECTUALS SU* AS ! CONTRIBUTORS TO !SE V]Y J\RNALS & SWELL$ BY ! RANKS ( ! BABY-BOOM G5]ATION1 ! ,NEW ,LEFT 9 ,CANADA SUFF]$ SIGNIFICANTLY FROM A FAILURE TO SOLVE ORGANIZATIONAL & COALITION-BUILD+ PROBLEMS4 ,RESOLV$ NOT TO TAKE /ATE P[] 7NOR TO OV]?R[ IT BY VIOL5T MEANS71 !Y TOOK ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T MODEL ( NONVIOL5T DIRECT ACTION1 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATION1 AGITATION & ! BUILD+ ( P>ALLEL /RUCTURES 79CLUD+ MUNICIPALI/ MOVEM5TS7 
AS F> AS !Y C\LD4 ,SI<TS W]E SET HI<1 CONSONANT ) ! VISION ( A WORLD COMPLETELY DISSOLV$ & MADE ANEW4 ,AS ,R\SSOP\LOS PUTS IT3 

,REVOLUTION CANNOT 5D ) .<444.> ! 0SEIZURE ( P[]02 IT MU/ CULM9ATE 9 
! H]E & N[ ) ! DISSOLUTION ( P[] AS SU*4 

,SPONTANEITY1 ! C\NT]-CULTURE @& ! ,SOCIOLOGY ( ,M>CEL ,RI\X 

,DRAW+ ON MODIFI$ ,M>XI/ PRECEPTS1 ,UNIV]SITE DE ,MONTREAL SOCIOLOGI/ ,M>CEL ,RI\X P5N$ AN >TICLE = ,\R ,G5]ATION 9 #a#i#f#f1 PR$ICT+ -- 9 CONC]T ) ! LAT] POSITIONS ( ! $ITORS -- ?AT 'Y\?' W]E 9 ! PROCESS ( EFFECTIVELY SUPPLANT+ ! WORK+ CLASS AS ! MOTOR ( SOCIAL *ANGE 9 9DU/RIALIZ$ SOCIETIES4 ',Y\?' IS1 = ,RI\X1 *>ACT]IZ$ BY 0LAG1 PLA/ICITY1 AVAILABILITY1 PLIABILITY40 ,!SE >E ! *>ACT]I/ICS :I* SUIT A CONTEXT REQUIR+ FLEXIBLE ACTORS1 A CONTEXT 9 :I* TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGE REQUIRES CON/ANT ADAPTATION1 9 :I* P]MAN5T $UCATION WAS JU/ EM]G+ AS A MA9/REAM IDEA4 ,! DIFF]5CE ,RI\X ASCRIBES TO ! Y\? ( ! LATE #a#i#fS 7RELATIVE TO PREVI\S G5]ATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS7 IS ?AT !Y REJECT & RALLY AGA9/ ! B\RGEOIS CULTURE & SOCIETY 0AFT] KN[+ IT & BELONG+ TO IT40 

,RI\X HOLDS ?AT 0*ANGE IS WELCOME0 9 7!N-7 CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETIES FOCUS$ EV]-MORE ON KN[L$GE PRODUCTION & ! PROVISION ( S]VICES4 ,DRAW+ A P>ALLEL BETWE5 ! 'SOCIAL CLASS' & ! 'SOCIAL G5]ATION1' HE 9DICATES ?AT BO? >E 0ACTUAL GR\P+S :I* CAN EI!R CON/ITUTE REAL COLLECTIVE UNITS OR CONTA9 ONLY ! POT5TIAL = UNIFICATION1 .<4:I*.> DO NOT NECESS>ILY EMBODY GR\P CONSCI\SNESS40 #a#i#fS PROTE/ MOVEM5TS1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 WAS LESS 9T]E/$ 9 'CAT*+ UP' TO ! ECONOMIC /ATUS ( !IR PR$ECESSORS OR OPPRESSORS ?AN 9 LIV+ DIFF]5TLY1 9 MAK+ ( SOCIETY SOME?+ COMPLETELY NEW4 ,( C\RSE1 9 ,QUEBEC1 ?IS SITUATION WAS COMPLICAT$ AT ! TIME BY ! QUE/ION ( :E!R ! PROV9CE 7OR NATION7 IS PRIM>ILY AN 'UND]DEVELOP$ NATION' 7= :I* !RE W]E GOOD ECONOMIC >GUM5TS7 OR 'AN ADVANC$ 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4' ,RI\X CONCLUDES ?AT ,QUEBEC IS BO?1 & ?AT ONE ( ITS UNIQUE ASPECTS IS ?AT ECONOMICALLY WELL-PLAC$ SECTORS ( ITS Y\? 7COLLEGE & UNIV]SITY /UD5TS7 P]CEIVE ! COLONIAL *>ACT] ( !IR PR$ICAM5T 7& >E PR(\NDLY AFFECT$ BY IT7 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT !Y >E IMM]S$ 9 A WID] ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN Y\? CULTURE TI$ TO ! 'AFFLU5T SOCIETY4' 

,AFT] 'LES ANNEES #a#i#f#h'3 CO-OPTATION & M>G9ALIZATION 

,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! SELF-ID5TIFI$ ,NEW ,LEFT 9 ,QUEBEC1 ASSOCIAT$ ) ! J\RNALS ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE1 ALWAYS EXI/$ 9 T5SION ) ! MORE RADICAL ,QUEBEC NATIONALI/S1 NOT BECAUSE ( AMBIVAL5T ATTITUDES T[>DS NATIONALISM AS SU* BUT BECAUSE ( TACTICAL DIFF]5CES CONC]N+ NONVIOL5CE1 ! EFFICACY ( CL&E/9E & VIOL5T EXEMPL>Y ACTIONS4 ,! 0SWEEP+ DE9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL /RUCTURE0 DESCRIB$ HOPEFULLY 9 ,\R ,G5]ATION WAS P>TICUL>LY SWEEP+ 9 ,QUEBEC4 ,TWO HUNDR$ YE>S ( CONS]VATIVE CL]ICALI/ RULE UND] AN ESS5TIALLY COLONIAL ECONOMIC & CULTURAL OPPRESSION COMB9$ ) A DOSE ( LIB]ALIZATION UND] ! ,QUIET ,REVOLUTION TO UNLEA% A BROAD RE/RUCTUR+ ( LEGAL & NORMATIVE /&>DS2 H[EV]1 ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURES REMA9$ RIGIDLY CAPITALI/1 ALBEIT UND] A V5E] ( 'SOCIAL CONSULTATION' :I* PRET5DS AT A NEO-CORPORATI/ CONS5SUS4 ,! AV]SION TO 
C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION TYPICAL ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT ORGANIZ$ >\ND ,\R ,G5]ATION & ,NOIR ET ,R\GE TURN$ \T TO BE A DEAD 5D AFT] A BRIEF SPIKE 9 RADICALIZ$ LABOR ACTIONS 9 ! E>LY #a#i#gS1 AS DEC5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATIONS F\ND]$ AMID A POL>IZATION ON ! LEFT BETWE5 AN 9CREAS+LY LIB]AL-C5TRI/ SOV]EIGNTI/ P>TY1 ! ,P,>TI ,QUEBECOIS1 & ,M>XI/-,L59I/ FACTIONS ,5 ,LUTTE & ! ,P,C,O4 ,M>XI/-,L59I/ P>TIES DREW ! MO/ RADICAL /UD5TS1 BUT SOON F\ND]$ AMID !IR FAILURE TO 9CORPORATE O!R /RUGGLES1 !IR SUPPORT = AU?ORIT>IAN REGIMES1 & RIGIDLY AU/]E & (T5 DOGMATIC T5D5CIES -- NOT TO M5TION !IR LACK ( IMPACT -- :I* FO/]$ BO? DIS9TEGRATION 9TO RIVAL FACTIONS & BURN\T1 DISSOLV+ ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS >\ND #a#i#h4 ,AFT] ! ,OCTOB] CRISIS ( #aig 9 :I* ! ,CANADIAN /ATE IMPOS$ M>TIAL LAW & JAIL$ HUNDR$S ( NATIONALI/ & RADICAL ACTIVI/S & CONDUCT$ ?\S&S ( 9TRUSIVE W>RANTLESS SE>*ES1 PUBLIC OP9ION %IFT$ 9 AN EV] MORE NATIONALI/ DIRECTION1 BUT ONE 9 :I* ! OPTION ( POLITICAL REVOLUTION WAS (F ! TABLE4 ,MANY ( ! PREVI\S /UD5T RADICALS1 C[$ BY ! %[ ( =CE OR %IFT+ \T ( P]IODS ( BIOGRAPHICAL AVAILABILITY1 MOV$ ON FROM RADICAL POLITICAL ACTIVITY -- ESPECIALLY ?OSE ASSOCIAT$ ) ! C\NT]-CULTURAL MOVEM5TS1 AS EVID5C$ BY ! QUICK DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! ,QU>TI] ,LAT94 

,AS IT HAPP5S1 ! ANTI-NATIONALI/ ANALYSIS ( ! WRIT]S 9 ,MOBILIZATION & ,\R ,G5]ATION :O PR$ICT$ ! =MATION ( AN 5DEMIC B\RGEOISIE W]E NOT F> (F4 ,! ,P>TI ,QUEBECOIS1 HAV+ 9CORPORAT$ RADICAL LABOR & A WIDE SWA! ( ! NATIONALI/ MOVEM5T1T WON ! ELECTIONS ( #aigf 7?\< FAIL+ TO A*IEVE SOV]EIGNTY74 ,ULTIMATELY1 !Y CONT9U$ ! ,LIB]AL /RATEGY ( BUILD+ UP :AT IS REF]R$ TO AS ',QUEBEC ,9C' BY SUPPORT+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN E?NIC-,FR5* CAPITALI/ ELITE1 & DA%$ ! HOPES ( ITS MORE RADICAL SUPPORT]S BY 9VOK+ ! ECONOMIC CRISIS ( ! LATE #a#i#gS AS JU/IFICATION TO REIGN 9 ! UNIONS 7:O HAD ALREADY LO/ MU* ( !IR B>GA9+ P[]74 ,BY ! MID-#a#i#iS1 ! ,P,Q CAME TO POSITIONS L>GELY 9DISC]NIBLE FROM !IR ,LIB]AL ,P>TY RIVALS ) :OM !Y N[ ALT]NATE P[] -- ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! NATIONAL QUE/ION4 

,T[>DS A ,NEW ,NEW ,LEFT8 

,! (F%OOT ( ALL ( ?IS IS ?AT ! RADICAL LEFT 9 ,QUEBEC 7ESPECIALLY AMONG AN>*I/S ( V>I\S /RIPES7 HAVE T5D$ TO TAKE A /RONG ANTI-NATIONALI/ /ANCE1 P>TICUL>LY >\ND ! #aiie REF]5DUM ON SOV]EIGNTY -- 9 CONTRA/ TO ?AT ( #aih :I* T5D$ TO SPLIT OP9ION4 ,! AN>*I/ PRESS 9 ! 9T]V5+ YE>S HAD (T5 DISPLAY$ ITS AMBIVAL5CE1 = EXAMPLE 9 ! #aih REF]5DUM ISSUE ( ,LA ,Q-,LOTTE 7A PUBLIC-SECTOR UNION-ASSOCIAT$ PAP] :I* EM]G$ 9 ! MID #gS7 :]E CONTRIBUTORS RESOLV$ SIMPLY TO ALL[ EA* TO PRES5T >GUM5TS 7SOME S]I\S1 O!R HUM\R\S7 = & AGA9/4 ,YET BY ! NEXT TIME >\ND1 A NUMB] ( AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS :I* HAD POPP$ UP 9 ! MID-#a#i#iS DISPLAY$ :AT CONT9UES TO BE A CONTEMPTU\S ATTITUDE T[>DS A PROJECT :I* HAD BE5 ?OR\<LY CO-OPT$4 ,9/EAD1 ! FOCUS IS AGA9 ON ! 0H]E & N[0 -- ?\< COMMON DEBATES RAGE1 AS ELSE:]E1 BETWE5 CLASS-/RUGGLE & RADICAL PLURALI/ AN>*I/S1 OV] QUE/IONS ( ORGANIZATION & ! QUE/ION ( REVOLUTION>Y AG5CY4 ,NONE!LESS1 !RE HAVE BE5 SOME REC5T SUCCESSES1 P>TICUL>LY >\ND A REVITALIZ$ /UD5T MOVEM5T & WORK ) M>G9ALIZ$ COMMUNITIES OV] POLICE BRUTALITY4 ,H[EV]1 ! PROBLEM ( ORGANIZATION1 & H[ TO GA9 A WIDE IMPACT ?R\< IMPLICATION 9 A DIV]SE >RAY ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 REMA9S ON ! TABLE4 

,?,I,S ,I,S ,! ,P,O,9,T ,:,],E ,! ,P,A,P,] ,N,E,$,S ,T,O ,B,E ,E,X,T,5,D,$ ,T,O ,9,C,L,U,D,E ,! ,D,I,S,C,U,S,S,I,O,N,S ,I ,9,D,I,C,A,T,E ,9 ,! ,9,T,R,O1 ,B,U,T ,I ,H,A,V,5'T ,! ,T,I,M,E ,T,O ,9,T,E,G,R,A,T,E ,?,I,S ,N,[4 ,S,P,E,C,I,F,I,C,A,L,L,Y1 ,I ,9,T,5,D ,T,O ,A,D,D,R,E,S,S3 

,UPP+ ! ,ANTI HAS EXPLICITLY FRAM$ ITS MISSION 79 AN E>LY $ITORIAL 9 #b#f7 AS CON/ITUT+ A ',NEW ,NEW ,LEFT02 ,I WILL DISCUSS H[ !Y ASSESS ! ,CANADIAN ,NEW ,LEFT1 P>TICUL>LY 9 T]MS ( ITS FAILURES TO OV]COME PROBLEMS ( ORGANIZATION1 & H[ ?IS PAN-,CANADIAN RADICAL J\RNAL BR+S TOGE!R IMPORTANT 9SI<TS ( BO? AN>*I/ & ,M>XI/ P]SPECTIVES ALONG ) 9SI<TS FROM ANTI-OPPRESSION POLITICS :I* EMPHASIZE ! NE$ TO 9CORPORATE SPECIFIC /RUGGLES )\T 9CORPORAT+ !M 9TO A UNIV]SAL -- BUT ALL ! :ILE 5SUR+ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ DYNAMICS DEEPLY IMPLICAT$ 9 SO MANY =MS ( OPPRESSION & DOM9ATION >E EXPLICITLY =EGR\ND$ & !ORIZ$ 7,I AM SUGGE/+ ?AT ?IS IS A F9E & PROMIS+ PROJECT1 & WILL >TICULATE :Y 9 SOME MORE DETAIL444BUT NOT TOO MU*7 

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! SOCIAL VS4 LIFE/YLE AN>*I/ DEBATE 7A LA ,BOOK*9_/,BLACK1 BUT MORE G5]ALLY LOCAT$ 9 DEBATES BETWE5 PLAT=MI/S & O!RS & RADICAL PLURALI/S_/SYN!SI/S 9 ANO!R ( ITS IMPORTANT DIM5SIONS1 BETWE5 ?OSE :O 9SI/ ON A LIMIT$ -- USUALLY 'WORK+ CLASS' -- REVOLUTION>Y AG5T & ?OSE :O CONCEPTUALIZE A PLURALITY ( AG5TS1 BETWE5 AN>*I/S 9SI/+ ON 'H]E & N[' PROJECTS :I* >E MORE ATTUN$ TO A R5EW$ MICRO-COMMUNALISM & SUB- OR C\NT]-CULTURAL FOCUS VS4 ?OSE :O (T5 ES*EW SU* PROJECTS 9 FAVOR ( 'S]I\S' POLITICS7 D]IVES 9 MANY WAYS FROM ! T5SIONS DESCRIB$ 9 ! ,NEW ,LEFT >\ND C\NT]CULTURE444& ,I WILL BRIEFLY SUMM>IZE H[ ?IS DEBATE REMA9S C5TRAL 9 ,QUEBEC1 & EASILY SUMM>IZ$ ?R\< POLEMIC 7& MORE SUBTLE CUES7 ON ! PAGES ( ,RUPTURES 7,N,E,F,A,C-,QUEBEC MAGAZ9E7 & ,MAUVAISE ,H]BE 7A RADICAL PLURALI/_/PRIMITIVI/-SYMPA!TIC AN>*I/ MAGAZ9E7 

,I WILL CONCLUDE BY SUGGE/+ ?AT ! PROBLEMATIC IS A /ICKY ONE1 AS SMALL1 RIGID ORGANIZATIONS 7SU* AS SOME PLAT=MI/ ONES7 (T5 SEEM EXCLUSIVE & ?US FAIL EXP& !IR REA* 7VS41 SAY SOME ( ! COALITIONS >\ND ! #ba ,F,T,A,A PROTE/S 9 ,QUEBEC ,CITY71 BUT ?AT LOOSE -- RADICAL PLURALI/ -- =MS EASILY SUFF] ATTRITION AN CO-OPTATION 

,I F9ALLY SUGGE/ ?AT SOME ASPECTS ( ?IS CAN ACTUALLY BE BR\<T BACK TO ,RI\X'S #aiff EXPLANATION ( H[ ! FUNCTIONAL SOCIAL REQUIREM5T = 0PLA/ICITY0 IS IMPLICAT$ 9 PATT]NS ( SOCIAL REPRODUCTION ?AT MAKE 'Y\?' LOOK LIKE A GOOD C&IDATE = 'REVOLUTION>Y AG5T' 9 ! #a#i#fS1 & ?AT GIV5 ?IS1 & ,RIC>D'S PO9TS AB\T ! BABY-BOOM G5]ATION1 WE GET A GLIMPSE ( A KEY CONTEMPOR>Y DIFFICULTY -- ! FACT ?AT ! SOCIAL DYNAMICS ?AT FO/] P>TICUL> K9DS ( MOVEM5T P>TICIPATION >E TI$ TO CULTURAL PRACTICES :I* (T5 H+E ON PATT]NS ( WORK & CONSUMPTION 

,?IS IS SOME?+ :I* ,UPP+ ! ,ANTI IS ACTIVELY 5GAG+ )1 & :I* REC5T DEVELOPM5TS ) ,N,E,F,A,C-,QUEBEC RE=M+ AS ! ,UNION ,COMMUNI/E ,LIB]TAIRE SEEM TO 9DICATE A BETT] ACKN[L$GM5T (444SO HOPE = ! BE/6 

,BIBLIOGRAPHY 

7,I NE$ TO D\BLE-*ECK & ADD REF]5CES TO ?IS TEXT7 

0,AGRESSION CONTRE LES SCI5CES SOCIALES40 ,NOIR ET ,R\GE #a7#a73 #f-#a#a4 

,BAILL>GEON1 ,NORM&4 #b#d4 .<ON HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM.> 

,BIBEAU1 ,JEAN-,PI]RE4 #b#d4 0,DE LA CONTRE-CULTURE AU M>XISME-L59ISME40 ,BULLET9 D'HI/OIRE POLITIQUE #a#c7#a73 #a#g-#b#d4 

,BOY]1 ,JEAN-,PI]RE ET AL4 #b#g4 ,PO/]S ( ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS 9 ,QUEBEC #a#i#f#f-#b#g4 ,MONTREAL3 ,CUMULUS ,PRESS4 

,CALOR51 ,F]D4 #a#i#f#h4 0,BOOK REVIEW3 ,LES ,QUEBECOIS40 ,\R ,G5]ATION #f7#a-#b73 #a#i#f-#b4 

,*AMB]L&1 ,PAUL4 #a#i#f#i84 0,T,I,T,L,E40 ,QU>TI] ,LAT94 

,DE ,LUCY1 ,FRANCOIS4 #a#i#g4 0,PAIX1 ,LIB]TE1 ,AM\R1 ,FRAT]NITE40 ,NOIR ET ,R\GE #a7#c73 #f-#a#a4 

,DO/IE1 ,R5E4 #a#i#f#i4 0,COMMUNIQUE DE CONSULTANT 5 MATI]E CULTURELLE DE LA COMMUNAUTE DE LA REGION DE ,MONTREAL40 ,QU>TI] ,LAT91 #a ,DECEMB] #a#i#f#i3 #e#c4 

,DUPUIS-,D]I1 ,FRANCIS4 #b#f4 0,IDEES NOIRS4 ,LES AN>*I/ES ET LEUR J\RNAUX AU ,QUEBEC 7#b#b#f70 9 ,M>C-,&RE ,CYR1 ,LA PRESSE AN>*I/E AU ,QUEBEC3 #a#i#g#f-#b#a4 ,MONTREAL3 ,$ITIONS ,R\GE ET ,NOIR4 

0,$ITORIAL40 #a#i#g4 ,NOIR ET ,R\GE #a7#c73 #c-#e4 

,EP/E91 ,B>B>A4 #b#a4 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,ANTI-,GLOBALIZATION ,MOVEM5T40 ,! ,MON?LY ,REVIEW #e#c7#d74 

,]IKSON1 ,KAI4 #a#i#f#f4 ,NOTES ON ! ,SOCIOLOGY ( DEVIANCE 

,DUPUIS-,D]I1 ,FRANCIS4 #b#g4 0,CONTE/ATION ALT]MONDIALI/E AU ,QUEBEC ET R5\VEAU DE 

L'AN>*ISME40 9 ,ANNE ,MORELLI & ,JOSE ,GOTOVIT* 7$S47 ,CONTE/] DANS UN PAYS PROSP]E3 ,L'EXTREMEGAU*E 5 ,BELGIQUE ET AU ,CANADA4 ,BRUSSELS3 ,PET] ,LANG4 

,F\CAULT1 ,MI*EL4 #a#i#g#i4 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,SEXUALITY 3 VOLUME ONE4 

,FRI$5B]G1 ,$G> ,Z4 #a#i#f#h4 0,COMM5T>Y .<ON ,JOHN & ,MAG>ET ,R\NDTREE1 ',! POLITICAL ECONOMY ( Y\? 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES'.>40 ,\R ,G5]ATION #f7#a-#b73 #a#i#b-#a#i#c4 

,GAGNON1 ,*>LES4 #b#h4 ,5 ,LUTTE63 ECRITS POLITIQUES #a#i#g#b-#a#i#h#b4 ,MONTREAL3 ,LUX4 

,GAUDET1 ,L\IS-,FR$]IC & ,RA*EL ,S>RAS94 #b#h4 0,FRAGM5TS D'AN>*ISME AU ,QUEBEC 7#b-#b#f70 9 ,QUEBEC 5 ,M\VEM5TS3 IDEES ET CRITIQUES MILITANTES CONTEMPORA9ES $IT$ BY ,FRANCIS ,DUPUIS-,D]I4 ,MONTREAL3 ,LUX4 

,GILB]T1 ,J]EMY4 #b#h4 ,ANTICAPITALISM & ,CULTURE3 

,GORDON1 ,URI4 #b#g4 0,AN>*ISM RELOAD$40 ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,IDEOLOGIES #a#b7#a74 

,GOSSE1 ,VAN4 #b#e4 ,RE?9K+ ! ,NEW ,LEFT4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,PALGRAVE ,MACMILLAN4 

0,LA REVOLTE DES ETUDIANTS40 #a#i#f#i4 ,NOIR ET ,R\GE #a7#a73 #c-#e4 

,LAUZON1 ,ADELE4 #a#i#f#i4 0,! ,C,E,G,E,P G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,QUEBEC40 ,\R ,G5]ATION #f7#d73 #a#d#i-#a#e#h4 

,LAUZON1 ,ADELE4 #a#i#g4 0,! ,NEW ,LEFT 9 ,QUEBEC40 ,\R ,G5]ATION #g7#a73 #a#d-#c4 

,MC,KAY1 ,IAN4 #b#e4 ,REBELS1 ,R$S1 ,RADICALS3 ,RE?9K+ ,CANADA'S ,LEFT ,HI/ORY4 ,TORONTO3 ,BETWE5 ! ,L9ES4 

,MILLS1 ,SEAN 0,LA GAU*E MONTREALAISE1 LE NATIONALISME1 ET LES ANNEES SOIXANTE0 9 ,ANNE ,MORELLI & ,JOSE ,GOTOVIT* 7$S47 ,CONTE/] DANS UN PAYS PROSP]E3 ,L'EXTREME GAU*E 5 ,BELGIQUE ET AU ,CANADA4 ,BRUSSELS3 ,PET] ,LANG4 

,NEVEU1 ,PI]RE4 #b#e4 ,SOCIOLOGIE DES M\VEM5TS SOCIAUX4 

,PALM]1 ,BRYAN4 #b#i4 ,CANADA'S #a#i#fS3 

,PIOTTE1 ,JEAN-,M>C4 ,LA COMMUNAUTE P]DUE4 

,PR\LX1 ,S]GE4 #a#i#h#b4 .<ON C\NT]-CULTURE 9 ,QUEBEC.> 

,RABOY1 ,M>C4 #a#i#h#d4 ,MOVEM5TS & ,MESSAGES3 ,M$IA & ,RADICAL ,POLITICS 9 ,QUEBEC4 ,TORONTO3 ,BETWE5 ! ,L9ES4 

,RI\X1 ,M>CEL4 #a#i#f#f4 0,Y\? 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y WORLD & 9 ,QUEBEC40 ,\R ,G5]ATION #c7#d73 #e-#a#d4 

,RI\X1 ,M>CEL4 #a#i#f#h4 0,COMM5T>Y .<ON ,JOHN & ,MAG>ET ,R\NDTREE1 ',! POLITICAL 

ECONOMY ( Y\? 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES'.>40 ,\R ,G5]ATION #f7#a-#b73 #a#i-#a#i#b4 

,RI\X1 ,M>CEL4 #a#i#f#i4 ,JEUNESSE ET SOCIETE CONTEMPORA9E4 ,MONTREAL3 ,PRESSES DE L',UNIV]SITE DE ,MONTREAL4 

,RI\X1 ,M>CEL4 #a#i#g#c4 0,UNE 5T]]VUE DE PR(ESSEUR ,M>C]L ,RI\X AVEC ,H]B]T ,M>CUSE40 

,=CES NO4 #b#b3 #d#f-#f#c4 

,RI\X1 ,M>CEL4 #a#i#h#d4444 ,CANADIAN ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIOLOGY 

,R\SSOP\LOS1 ,DIMITRIOS4 0,T[>DS A REVOLUTION>Y Y\? MOVEM5T40 

,R\SSOP\LOS1 ,DIMITRIOS4 #b#g4 ,! ,NEW ,LEFT3 ,LEGACY & ,CONT9UITY4 ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS4 

0,/RUGGLE IS ,FRE$OM3 IT'S JU/ A BEG9N+40 ,\R ,G5]ATION #f7#a-#b73 #c-#f4 

0,T,I,T,L,E40 #a#i#f#i7874 ,MOBILIZATION NO4 #d3 #h-#i#a4 

,VALLI]ES1 ,PI]RE4 #a#i#f#g4 ,LES NEGRES BLANC DE L'AM]IQUE4 ,MONTREAL3 ,P>TI ,PRIS4 

,WALL]/E91 ,IMMANUEL4 #a#i#h#i4 0#a#i#f#h1 ,REVOLUTION 9 ! ,WORLD-,SY/EM3 ,!SES & ,QU]IES40 ,!ORY & ,SOCIETY #a#h7#d74 

,W>R51 ,JEAN-,PHILIPPE4 #b#g4 ,ILS V\LAI5T *ANG] LA MONDE4 ,MONTREAL3 ,V,L,B ,$ITEUR4 

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