,9TRODUCTION TO 0,ANTI-,BOL%EVIK ,COMMUNISM0 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,ANTI-,BOL%EVIK ,COMMUNISM BY ,PAUL ,MATTICK1 PUBLI%$ BY ,M]L9 ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c4 

,! REPR9T+ ( ?IS COLLECTION ( ESSAYS & REVIEWS1 :I* 
W]E WRITT5 DUR+ ! LA/ #d YE>S1 MAY F9D ITS JU/IFICATION 9 ! 
CURR5T F]M5T ( IDEAS BY :I* A NEW LEFT-W+ )9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 
ATTEMPTS TO D]IVE A !ORY & PRACTICE MORE ADEQUATE TO ! PRES5T SITUATION 
& ! NE$S ( SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,AS YET M]ELY ( A !ORETICAL NATURE1 ?IS 
TR5D HAS L$ TO A GR[+ 9T]E/ 9 ! COMPREH5SION ( PA/ REVOLUTION>Y 
MOVEM5TS4 ,H[EV]1 AL?\< ITS PROPON5TS TRY TO DIFF]5TIATE !MSELVES 
FROM ! OLD & DISCR$IT$ LABOR MOVEM5T1 !Y HAVE NOT AS YET BE5 ABLE TO 
EVOLVE A !ORY & PRACTICE ( !IR [N :I* C\LD BE CONSID]$ SUP]IOR TO 
?OSE ( ! PA/4 ,9 FACT1 ! 'LESSONS ( HI/ORY' SEEM TO BE 
L>GELY WA/$ ON ! NEW G5]ATION1 :I* (T5 M]ELY REPEATS 9 A MORE 
9SOL5T FA%ION & ) LESS SOPHI/ICATION ! PROV5 MI/AKES ( ! PA/4 
,9/EAD ( F9D+ !IR ORI5TATION 9 ! ACTUAL SOCIAL CONDITIONS & !IR 
POSSIBILITIES1 ! NEW LEFTI/S BASE !IR CONC]NS MA9LY ON A SET ( 
IDEOLOGIES ?AT HAVE NO RELEVANCE TO ! REQUIREM5TS ( SOCIAL *ANGE 9 
CAPITALI/ NATIONS4 ,!Y F9D !IR 9SPIRATION NOT 9 ! DEVELOPM5TAL 
PROCESSES ( !IR [N SOCIETY BUT 9 ! H]OES ( POPUL> REVOLUTION 9 
F>AWAY C\NTRIES1 !REBY REVEAL+ ?AT !IR 5?USIASM IS NOT AS YET A REAL 
CONC]N = DECISIVE SOCIAL *ANGE4 

,( C\RSE1 !RE /&S A !ORY BEH9D ?IS /RANGE AB]RATION1 NAMELY1 ! 
ASSUMPTION ?AT ANTI-IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLES ( ! ',?IRD ,WORLD' 
WILL ABET ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 CAPITALI/ NATIONS1 ?US LEAD+ TO 
WORLD-WIDE SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,AL?\< ?IS !ORY MAY ONLY 9DICATE ! 
REVOLUTION>IES' PRES5T FRU/RATION 9 ! GIV5 NON-REVOLUTION>Y 
SITUATION1 IT WAS AT ONE TIME ! ACCEPT$ DOCTR9E ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 
:I* BRIEFLY TRI$1 BUT FAIL$1 TO EXT5D ! ,RUSSIAN 9TO A WORLD REVOLUTION4 
,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ! IDEAS ( ! NEW REVOLUTION>IES /ILL RELATE TO ! OLD 
,L59ISM1 :I* ,/AL9 DESCRIB$ AS ! 0,M>XISM ( ! P]IOD ( 
IMP]IALISM40 

,9 ,L59'S VIEW1 IT WAS NOT ! /RONGE/ BUT ! WEAKE/ L9K 9 ! 
*A9 ( IMP]IALI/ NATIONS ?AT W\LD1 ?R\< ITS [N REVOLUTION1 RELEASE A 
WORLD-REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,MOREOV]1 AS IMP]IALISM HAD BECOME AN ABSOLUTE 
NECESSITY = CAPITALISM1 ! ANTI-IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLE WAS AT ONCE A /RUGGLE 
AGA9/ WORLD CAPITALISM4 ,HE 5VISION$ ! WORLD REVOLUTION AS A K9D ( 
REPETITION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ON A GLOBAL SCALE4 ,JU/ AS ! ,RUSSIAN 
,REVOLUTION HAD BE5 A 'PEOPLES' REVOLUTION'1 EMBRAC+ 
WORK]S1 PEASANTS & ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE1 )\T !RE=E1 9 
,L59'S M9D1 LOS+ ITS SOCIALI/ *>ACT]1 SO ! WORLD REVOLUTION 
C\LD BE SE5 AS A UNIT>Y FI<T ( NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS & 
WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLES 9 ! IMP]IALI/ NATIONS4 ,& JU/ AS1 ACCORD+ TO 
,L591 ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY 9 ,RUSSIA GU>ANTE$ ! 
TRANS=MATION ( ! 'PEOPLES' REVOLUTION' 9TO A COMMUNI/ 
REVOLUTION1 SO1 ON ! WORLD SCALE1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,9T]NATIONAL WAS TO 
TRANS=M ! NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES 9TO /RUGGLES = 9T]NATIONAL 
SOCIALISM4 

,MORE ?AN HALF A C5TURY HAS PASS$ S9CE ?IS !ORY WAS CELEBRAT$ AS A 
NECESS>Y EXT5SION ( ! !ORIES ( ,M>X1 :O DID NOT EMPHASIZE ! 
IMP]IALI/IC DIFFICULTIES ( CAPITALISM BUT BAS$ HIS HOPES = A SOCIALI/ 
REVOLUTION ON ! 9H]5T CONTRADICTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( 
PRODUCTION4 ,9 ,M>X'S VIEW1 A FULLY DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM WAS A 
PRECONDITION = A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION1 EV5 ?\< HE ?\<T IT POSSIBLE 
?AT SU* A REVOLUTION MAY RECEIVE ITS IMPETUS FROM ! \TSIDE1 ?AT IS1 FROM 
REVOLUTION>Y OCCURR5CES 9 LESS DEVELOP$ NATIONS4 ,:AT ,M>X HAD SPECIFICALLY 
9 M9D WAS A REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA :I* C\LD CONCEIVABLY LEAD TO A ,EUROPEAN 
REVOLUTION4 ,%\LD ! LATT] SUCCE$1 IT WAS REASONABLE TO ASSUME ?AT ! 
*>ACT] ( ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION AS A :OLE W\LD BE DET]M9$ BY ! 
CAPITALI/ICALLY-ADVANC$ NATIONS4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION DID NOT 
SPREAD TO ! ,WE/ & 9 ITS ISOLATION C\LD NOT REALIZE A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY 
BUT M]ELY A =M ( /ATE-CAPITALISM UND] ! AU?ORIT>IAN RULE ( ! 
,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY4 

,IT IS ( C\RSE TRUE ?AT B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS 9 ! TRADITIONAL S5SE >E 
NO LONG] POSSIBLE4 ,! MONOPOLI/IC CONTROL ( ! WORLD ECONOMY BY ! GREAT 
CAPITALI/ P[]S & !IR PRODUCTIVE PREPOND]ANCE EXCLUDES AN 9DEP5D5T 
NATIONAL CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T 9 UND]DEVELOP$ NATIONS4 ,TO ASPIRE TO ?IS 
GOAL NONE!LESS REQUIRES !IR POLITICAL LIB]ATION FROM IMP]IALI/ RULE1 AS 
WELL AS FROM !IR NATIVE RUL+ CLASSES1 ALLI$ AS !Y >E ) ! =EIGN 
OPPRESSORS4 ,BECAUSE ! /RUGGLE = LIB]ATION HAS TO BASE ITSELF ON ! BROAD 
MASSES1 IT CANNOT USE TRADITIONAL CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGIES1 BUT MU/ BE C>RI$ ON 
) ANTI-IMP]IALI/ & !RE=E ANTI-CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGIES4 

,!SE NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS >E NOT SIGNS ( AN IMP5D+ 
WORLD-WIDE SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION1 BUT JU/ SO MANY ATTEMPTS AT AN 9DEP5D5T 
CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T -- ALBEIT 9 A /ATE-CAPITALI/ =M4 ,TO ! 
DEGREE TO :I* ! LIB]AT$ NATIONS SUCCE$ 9 FREE+ !MSELVES FROM 
=EIGN CONTROL1 !Y DO 9CREASE ! DIFFICULTIES ( CAPITALISM & FUR!R 
ITS DISSOLUTION4 ,TO ?AT EXT5T1 !Y MAY ALSO AID ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ! 
DOM9AT+ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,BUT ?IS DOES NOT ALT] ! FACT ?AT ! 
GOALS ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 9 ! CAPITALI/ NATIONS >E NECESS>ILY 
DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ?AT CAN BE REALIZ$ 9 BACKW>D C\NTRIES4 

,IT W\LD BE IDEAL1 NO D\BT1 TO COMB9E ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ & 
ANTI-IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLES 9TO ONE GREAT MOVEM5T AGA9/ ALL =MS ( 
EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS IS ONLY AN IMAG9>Y 
POSSIBILITY2 UNREALIZABLE BECAUSE ( ! ACTUAL MAT]IAL & SOCIAL DIFF]5CES 
BETWE5 ! V>I\S DIFF]5TLY DEVELOP$ NATIONS4 ,! HI/ORY ( ,RUSSIA S9CE 
#a#i#a#g1 AS ! PROTOTYPE ( 'SOCIALI/ REVOLUTIONS' 9 BACKW>D 
C\NTRIES1 ILLUM9ATES ! OBJECTIVE LIMITATIONS TO !IR TRANS=MATION4 
,TODAY1 WE EV5 EXP]I5CE ! SORRY SPECTACLE ( SO-CALL$ SOCIALI/ C\NTRIES1 
ALL ( !M ADH]+ TO ! ,L59I/ IDEOLOGY1 FAC+ ONE ANO!R 9 DEADLY 
5MITY & PREP>+ TO DE/ROY ONE ANO!R4 ,IT IS QUITE OBVI\S ?AT ! 
NATIONAL 9T]E/S ( /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EMS -- LIKE ALL NATIONAL 
9T]E/S -- CONTA9 9 !MSELVES !IR [N IMP]IALI/IC T5D5CIES4 ,IT 
IS ?US NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( COMMON NE$S ( ! 
NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y & ! 9T]NATIONAL-SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 

,! 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T MU/ ( C\RSE BE AN ANTI-IMP]IALI/ 
MOVEM5T4 ,BUT IT HAS TO ACTUALIZE ITS ANTI-IMP]IALISM ?R\< ! DE/RUCTION 
( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM 9 ! ADVANC$ C\NTRIES4 ,W]E ?IS ACCOMPLI%$1 
ANTI-IMP]IALISM W\LD BECOME MEAN+LESS & ! SOCIAL /RUGGLES 9 ! 
UND]DEVELOP$ P>T ( ! WORLD W\LD FOCUS ON 9T]NAL CLASS DIFF]5CES4 ,TO 
BE SURE1 ! WEAKNESS ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ! DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES 
IS ONE MORE REASON = ! EXI/5CE ( NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,= 
! LATT] CANNOT WAIT = ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 9 ! DOM9AT+ 
CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES2 YET1 :]E !Y SUCCE$1 !Y CAN REA* AT BE/ ONLY 
P>TIAL RELEASE FROM =EIGN EXPLOITATION BUT NOT ! CONDITIONS ( SOCIALISM4 
,ON ! O!R H&1 SUCCESSFUL PROLET>IAN REVOLUTIONS 9 ! CAPITALI/ICALLY 
DEVELOP$ NATIONS C\LD LEAD TO ! 9T]NATIONALIZATION ( ALL SOCIAL 
/RUGGLES & PROGRESSIVELY HA/5 ! 9TEGRATION ( UND]DEVELOP$ NATIONS 
9TO A SOCIALI/ WORLD SY/EM4 

,?AT !RE >E NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS 9 ! BACKW>D NATIONS BUT 
NOT AS YET SOCIALI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ! IMP]IALI/ C\NTRIES IS DUE TO ! 
GREAT] & MORE PRESS+ MIS]Y 9 ! =M]4 ,IT IS ALSO DUE TO ! 
DISSOLUTION ( ! COLONIAL /RUCTURE RESULT+ FROM ! SECOND WORLD W> & 
! RE-ORGANIZATION & MODIFICATION ( IMP]IALI/ RULE 9 ! PO/W> WORLD4 
,=CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES 9T]CONNECTS ! NATIONAL MOVEM5TS ) ! CURR5TLY 
WAG$ IMP]IALI/ P[] /RUGGLES & 'LIB]ATION' FROM ONE TYPE ( 
IMP]IALISM LEADS TO SUBORD9ATION TO ANO!R4 ,UND] PRES5T CONDITIONS1 9 
BRIEF1 NATIONAL REVOLUTIONS REMA9 ILLUSORY1 ) RESPECT BO? TO REAL NATIONAL 
9DEP5D5CE & TO ITS APP>5T SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGY4 ,!Y MAY1 H[EV]1 BE 
PRECONDITIONS = FUTURE /RUGGLES = MORE REALI/IC GOALS4 ,BUT ?IS1 TOO1 
DEP5DS ON ! C\RSE ( EV5TS 9 ! CAPITALI/ICALLY-ADVANC$ NATIONS4 

,! PREOCCUPATION ) NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ?AT /ILL 
*>ACT]IZES LEFT-W+ RADICALISM HAS L$1 ON AN 9T]NATIONAL SCALE1 TO A 
RE-D$ICATION TO ,L59I/ PR9CIPLES 9 EI!R A ,RUSSIAN OR ,*9ESE G>B & 
DISSIPATES ! 5]GIES !REBY RELEAS$ 9TO MEAN+LESS & (T5 GROTESQUE 
ACTIVITIES4 ,BY TRY+ TO ACTUALIZE ! ,L59I/ IDEAS ( REVOLUTION & ITS 
ORGANIZATION 9 CAPITALI/ICALLY-ADVANC$ NATIONS1 W\LD-BE RADICALS 
NECESS>ILY H9D] ! DEVELOPM5T ( A REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS ADEQUATE TO 
! TASKS ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 ,BECAUSE NEW REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ 
MOVEM5TS MAY >ISE 9 RESPONSE TO CAPITALISM'S 9CREAS+ SOCIAL & 
ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES1 IT IS ESS5TIAL TO PAY R5EW$ ATT5TION TO ! 
ASPIRATIONS & ACCOMPLI%M5TS ( =M] SIMIL> MOVEM5TS & H]E1 9 
P>TICUL>1 TO ,BOL%EVISM & ITS ,L59I/ CRE$4 

,9 ?IS CONNECTION1 IT IS P>TICUL>LY APT TO RECALL ANO!R MOVEM5T :I* 
EM]G$ \T ( ! %AMBLES ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & ! EXPECTATIONS 
BAS$ ON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,MO/ ( ! ITEMS 9 ?IS AN?OLOGY CONC]N 
!MSELVES ) ! PROBLEMS ( ! 9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T AT ! TURN 
( ! C5TURY -- ?AT IS1 ) ! REASONS =1 & ! CONSEQU5CES (1 
! GR[? ( A LABOR MOVEM5T ?AT CEAS$ TO BE REVOLUTION>Y BECAUSE ( ! 
RESILI5CE ( CAPITALISM & ITS ABILITY TO IMPROVE ! LIV+ CONDITIONS ( 
! LABOR+ POPULATION4 ,/ILL1 ! IMMAN5T CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM L$ 
TO ! FIR/ WORLD W> & :ILE LEAD+ TO ! P>TIAL COLLAPSE ( ! OLD 
LABOR MOVEM5T1 ALSO GAVE RISE TO A NEW RADICALISM CULM9AT+ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN 
& ,C5TRAL ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS4 

,!SE REVOLUTIONS 9VOLV$ ! ORGANIZ$ AS WELL AS UNORGANIZ$ MASSES ( 
WORK]S1 :I* CREAT$ !IR [N & NEW =M ( ORGANIZATION = ACTION & 
CONTROL 9 ! SPONTANE\SLY->IS+ WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' 
C\NCILS4 ,BUT 9 BO? ,RUSSIA & ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE ! ACTUAL CONT5T ( ! 
REVOLUTION WAS NOT EQUAL TO ITS NEW REVOLUTION>Y =M4 ,:]EAS 9 ,RUSSIA IT 
WAS MA9LY ! OBJECTIVE UNREAD9ESS = A SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION1 9 ,C5TRAL 
,EUROPE1 & H]E P>TICUL>LY 9 ,G]MANY1 IT WAS ! SUBJECTIVE UNWILL+NESS 
TO 9/ITUTE SOCIALISM BY REVOLUTION>Y MEANS1 :I* L>GELY ACC\NTS = ! 
SELF-LIMITATION & F9ALLY ! ABDICATION ( ! C\NCIL MOVEM5T 9 FAVOR ( 
B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,! IDEOLOGY ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY HAD LEFT ITS M>K2 ! 
GREAT MASS ( WORK]S MI/OOK ! POLITICAL = A SOCIAL REVOLUTION2 ! 
SOCIALIZATION ( PRODUCTION WAS SE5 AS A GOV]NM5TAL CONC]N1 NOT AS ?AT ( 
! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 IT IS TRUE1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY ADVANC$ ! 
SLOGAN ',ALL P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS1' BUT ONLY = OPPORTUNI/IC 
REASONS1 9 ORD] TO REA* ITS TRUE GOAL 9 ! AU?ORIT>IAN RULE ( ! 
,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY4 

,BY ITSELF1 ! WORK]S' SELF-9ITIATIVE & SELF-ORGANIZATION (F]S 
NO GU>ANTEE = !IR EMANCIPATION4 ,IT HAS TO BE REALIZ$ & MA9TA9$ 
?R\< ! ABOLITION ( ! CAPITAL-LABOR RELATION%IP 9 PRODUCTION1 ?R\< 
A C\NCIL SY/EM1 :I* DE/ROYS ! SOCIAL CLASS DIVISIONS & PREV5TS ! 
RISE ( NEW ONES BAS$ ON ! CONTROL ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION BY ! 
NATIONAL /ATE4 ,H[EV] DIFFICULT ?IS MAY PROVE TO BE1 ! HI/ORY ( ! 
EXI/+ /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EMS LEAVES NO D\BT ?AT ?IS IS ! ONLY WAY TO 
A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,?IS HAD ALREADY BE5 RECOGNIZ$ BY SMALL M9ORITIES 9 
! RADICAL MOVEM5T PRIOR TO1 DUR+1 & AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & WAS 
BR\<T 9TO ! OP5 )9 ! COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T AS AN OPPOSITION TO 
,BOL%EVISM & ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT IS ?IS 
MOVEM5T & ! IDEAS IT BR\<T =?1 :I* ?IS VOLUME RECALLS1 NOT1 
H[EV]1 TO DESCRIBE A P>TICUL> P>T & PHASE ( LABOR HI/ORY1 BUT AS A 
W>N+1 :I* MAY ALSO S]VE AS A GUIDE = FUTURE ACTIONS4 

,! REVOLUTIONS :I* SUCCE$$1 FIR/ ( ALL1 9 ,RUSSIA & ,*9A1 W]E NOT 
PROLET>IAN REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,M>XI/ S5SE1 LEAD+ TO ! 'ASSOCIATION 
( FREE & EQUAL PRODUC]S'1 BUT /ATE-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTIONS1 :I* 
W]E OBJECTIVELY UNABLE TO ISSUE 9TO SOCIALISM4 ,M>XISM S]V$ H]E AS A M]E 
IDEOLOGY TO JU/IFY ! RISE ( MODIFI$ CAPITALI/ SY/EMS1 :I* W]E NO 
LONG] DET]M9$ BY M>KET COMPETITION BUT CONTROLL$ BY WAY ( ! 
AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE4 ,BAS$ ON ! PEASANTRY1 BUT DESIGN$ ) ACCEL]AT$ 
9DU/RIALIZATION TO CREATE AN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT1 !Y W]E READY TO 
ABOLI% ! TRADITIONAL B\RGEOISIE BUT NOT CAPITAL AS A SOCIAL RELATION%IP4 
,?IS TYPE ( CAPITALISM HAD NOT BE5 =ESE5 BY ,M>X & ! E>LY ,M>XI/S1 
EV5 ?\< !Y ADVOCAT$ ! CAPTURE ( /ATE-P[] TO OV]?R[ ! 
B\RGEOISIE -- BUT ONLY 9 ORD] TO ABOLI% ! /ATE ITSELF4 

,AL?\< DESIGNAT$ AS SOCIALISM1 /ATE-CONTROL ( ! ECONOMY & OV] 
SOCIAL LIFE G5]ALLY1 EX]CIS$ BY A PRIVILEG$ SOCIAL LAY] AS A NEWLY 
EM]G+ RUL+ CLASS1 HAS P]PETUAT$ = ! 9DU/RIAL AS WELL AS 
AGRICULTURAL LABOR+ CLASSES ! CONDITIONS ( EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION 
:I* HAD BE5 !IR LOT UND] ! SEMI-FEUDAL SOCIAL RELATIONS ( 
CAPITALI/ICALLY-UND]DEVELOP$ NATIONS4 ,?AT ?IS NEW SOCIAL SY/EM C\LD ALSO 
BE APPLI$ 9 CAPITALI/ICALLY MORE ADVANC$ NATIONS WAS DEMON/RAT$ AFT] ! 
SECOND WORLD W>1 ?R\< ! EXT5SION ( /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EM 9TO ! 
,WE/ BY WAY ( IMP]IAL CONQUE/4 ,9 EI!R CASE1 'SOCIALISM' 
BECAME QUITE G5]ALLY ID5TIFI$ ) ! PREVAIL+ /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EMS4 
,MOVEM5TS EXI/ EV]Y:]E :OSE PROCLAIM$ GOALS >E PRECISELY ! 
E/ABLI%M5T ( SIMIL> REGIMES 9 ADDITIONAL C\NTRIES1 EV5 ?\<1 = 
OPPORTUNI/IC REASONS1 !SE GOALS MAY BE TON$ D[N AT TIMES1 OR EV5 TOTALLY 
DISCLAIM$4 ,!RE EXI/S !N ! DANG] ?AT POSSIBLE NEW REVOLUTION>Y 
\TBREAKS MAY ONCE AGA9 BE SIDE-TRACK$ 9TO /ATE-CAPITALI/ 
TRANS=MATIONS4 

,?IS POSSIBILITY F9DS ITS SUPPORT 9 ! C5TRALIZ+ T5D5CIES 9H]5T 
9 CAPITALISM ITSELF4 ,! CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL1 ITS MONOPOLIZATION1 & ! 
RISE ( CORPORATIONS 9 :I* [N]%IP IS SEP>AT$ FROM DIRECT CONTROL1 &1 
F9ALLY1 ! RELUCTANT 9TEGRATION ( /ATE & CAPITAL 9 ! MIX$ ECONOMY1 
) ITS FISCAL & MONET>Y MANIPULATIONS1 SEEM TO SPELL A T5D5CY 9 ! 
DIRECTION ( A FULLFL$G$ /ATE-CAPITALISM4 ,:AT ONCE CON/ITUT$ A VAGUE HOPE 
ON ! P>T ( SOCIAL RE=M]S & :AT 9 BACKW>D C\NTRIES BECAME A REALITY 
?R\< REVOLUTION1 APPE>S N[ AS AN UNAVOIDABLE REQUIREM5T = SECUR+ ! 
SOCIAL RELATIONS ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION4 

,AL?\< ! SO-CALL$ MIX$ ECONOMY WILL NOT AUTOMATICALLY TRANS=M ITSELF 
9TO /ATE-CAPITALISM1 NEW SOCIAL UPHEAVALS MAY WELL LEAD TO IT 9 ! NAME ( 
SOCIALISM4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ',M>XISM-,L59ISM' PRES5TS ITSELF TODAY 
AS A PURELY RE=MI/ MOVEM5T1 :I*1 LIKE ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ( OLD1 
PREF]S ! DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES ( SOCIAL *ANGE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y 
OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM4 ,9 SOME C\NTRIES1 ,FRANCE & ,ITALY1 = 9/ANCE1 
RELATIVELY /RONG COMMUNI/ P>TIES (F] !IR S]VICES TO CAPITALISM TO HELP 
IT OV]COME ITS CRISIS CONDITIONS4 ,BUT %\LD EV]Y?+ FAIL1 & AN 
9T5SIFI$ CLASS /RUGGLE POSE ! QUE/ION ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 !RE CAN BE 
NO D\BT ?AT !SE P>TIES WILL OPT = /ATE-CAPITALISM1 :I* 9 !IR 
VIEWS1 IS ! ONLY POSSIBLE =M ( SOCIALISM4 ,?US1 ! REVOLUTION W\LD BE AT 
ONCE A C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,! 5D ( CAPITALISM DEM&S !RE=E1 FIR/ ( 
ALL1 ! 5D ( ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY & ! RISE ( AN ANTI-,BOL%EVIK 
REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 SU* AS HAS BE5 ATTEMPT$ AT ! E>LI] REVOLUTION>Y 
SITUATION TO :I* ?IS BOOK TRIES TO DRAW ATT5TION4 

,P4,M4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION TO 0,ANTI-,BOL%EVIK ,COMMUNISM0 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,9TRODUCTION TO 0,ANTI-,BOL%EVIK ,COMMUNISM0 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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