,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,MEZHDUN>ODNYI D5' RABOTNITZ1 ,MOSC[ #a#i#b2 
,TRANSLAT$3 ,ALIX ,HOLT #a#i#g#b2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 ,TOM ,CONDIT = M>X4ORG1 #a#i#i#g2 
,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,*RIS ,CLAYTON #b#f4 
"9 "9 "9 

,A ,MILITANT ,CELEBRATION 

,WOM5'S ,DAY OR ,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY IS A DAY ( 9T]NATIONAL 
SOLID>ITY1 & A DAY = REVIEW+ ! /R5G? & ORGANIZATION 
( PROLET>IAN WOM54 

,BUT ?IS IS NOT A SPECIAL DAY = WOM5 ALONE4 ,! #h? ( ,M>* 
IS A HI/ORIC & MEMORABLE DAY = ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 = 
ALL ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & = ! WORK]S ( ! :OLE WORLD4 
,9 #a#i#a#g1 ON ?IS DAY1 ! GREAT ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION BROKE \T4.<#b.> 
,IT WAS ! WORK+ WOM5 ( ,PET]SBURG :O BEGAN ?IS REVOLUTION2 
IT WAS !Y :O FIR/ DECID$ TO RAISE ! BANN] ( OPPOSITION 
TO ! ,CZ> & HIS ASSOCIATES4 ,& SO1 WORK+ WOM5'S DAY IS A 
D\BLE CELEBRATION = US4 

,BUT IF ?IS IS A G5]AL HOLIDAY = ALL ! PROLET>IAT1 :Y DO 
WE CALL IT 0,WOM5'S ,DAY08 ,:Y !N DO WE HOLD SPECIAL 
CELEBRATIONS & MEET+S AIM$ ABOVE ALL AT ! WOM5 WORK]S 
& ! PEASANT WOM58 ,DOESN'T ?IS JEOP>DIZE ! UNITY & 
SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS8 ,TO ANSW] !SE QUE/IONS1 WE 
HAVE TO LOOK BACK & SEE H[ ,WOM5'S ,DAY CAME AB\T & = :AT 
PURPOSE IT WAS ORGANIZ$4 

,H[ & ,:Y WAS ,WOM5'S ,DAY ,ORGANIZ$8 

,NOT V]Y LONG AGO1 9 FACT AB\T T5 YE>S AGO1 ! QUE/ION ( 
WOM5'S EQUALITY1 & ! QUE/ION ( :E!R WOM5 C\LD TAKE 
P>T 9 GOV]NM5T ALONGSIDE M5 WAS BE+ HOTLY DEBAT$4 ,! 
WORK+ CLASS 9 ALL CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES /RUGGL$ = ! 
RI<TS ( WORK+ WOM53 ! B\RGEOISIE DID NOT WANT TO ACCEPT 
!SE RI<TS4 ,IT WAS NOT 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! B\RGEOISIE TO 
/R5G!N ! VOTE ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 P>LIAM5T2 & 9 
EV]Y C\NTRY !Y H9D]$ ! PASS+ ( LAWS ?AT GAVE ! 
RI<T TO WORK+ WOM54 

,SOCIALI/S 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA 9SI/$ UPON !IR DEM&S = ! 
VOTE ) P>TICUL> P]SI/5CE4 ,ON ! #b#h? ( ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#i1 
! WOM5 SOCIALI/S ( ! ,U4,S4,A4 ORGANIZ$ HUGE DEMON/RATIONS 
& MEET+S ALL OV] ! C\NTRY DEM&+ POLITICAL RI<TS = 
WORK+ WOM54 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ 0,WOMAN'S ,DAY04 ,! 
9ITIATIVE ON ORGANIZ+ A WOMAN'S DAY ?US BELONGS TO ! WORK+ WOM5 ( 
,AM]ICA4 

,9 #a#i#a1 AT ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONF]5CE ( ,WORK+ ,WOM51 
,CL>A ,ZETK9 .<#c.> BR\<T =W>D ! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZ+ AN 
,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY4 ,! CONF]5CE DECID$ ?AT 
EV]Y YE>1 9 EV]Y C\NTRY1 !Y %\LD CELEBRATE ON ! SAME 
DAY A 0,WOM5'S ,DAY0 UND] ! SLOGAN 0,! VOTE = WOM5 WILL 
UNITE \R /R5G? 9 ! /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM04 

,DUR+ !SE YE>S1 ! QUE/ION ( MAK+ P>LIAM5T MORE 
DEMOCRATIC1 I4E41 ( WID5+ ! FRAN*ISE & EXT5D+ ! 
VOTE TO WOM51 WAS A VITAL ISSUE4 ,EV5 BE=E ! FIR/ WORLD 
W>1 ! WORK]S HAD ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ALL B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES 
EXCEPT ,RUSSIA4 .<#d.> ,ONLY WOM51 ALONG ) ! 9SANE1 REMA9$ 
)\T !SE RI<TS4 ,YET1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ! H>% REALITY ( 
CAPITALISM DEM&$ ! P>TICIPATION ( WOM5 9 ! C\NTRY'S 
ECONOMY4 ,EV]Y YE> !RE WAS AN 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( WOM5 
:O HAD TO WORK 9 ! FACTORIES & WORK%OPS1 OR AS S]VANTS 
& *>WOM54 ,WOM5 WORK$ ALONGSIDE M5 & ! WEAL? ( ! 
C\NTRY WAS CREAT$ BY !IR H&S4 ,BUT WOM5 REMA9$ )\T 
! VOTE4 

,BUT 9 ! LA/ YE>S BE=E ! W> ! RISE 9 PRICES =C$ 
EV5 ! MO/ PEACEFUL H\SEWIFE TO TAKE AN 9T]E/ 9 QUE/IONS 
( POLITICS & TO PROTE/ L\DLY AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE'S 
ECONOMY ( PLUND]4 0,H\SEWIVES UPRIS+S0 BECAME 9CREAS+LY 
FREQU5T1 FL>+ UP AT DIFF]5T TIMES 9 ,AU/RIA1 ,5GL&1 
,FRANCE & 
,G]MANY4 

,! WORK+ WOM5 UND]/OOD ?AT IT WASN'T 5\< TO BREAK UP 
! /ALLS AT ! M>KET OR ?REAT5 ! ODD M]*ANT3 ,!Y 
UND]/OOD ?AT SU* ACTION DOESN'T BR+ D[N ! CO/ ( 
LIV+4 ,Y\ HAVE TO *ANGE ! POLITICS ( ! 
GOV]NM5T4 ,& TO A*IEVE ?IS1 ! WORK+ CLASS HAS TO SEE 
?AT ! FRAN*ISE IS WID5$4 

,IT WAS DECID$ TO HAVE A ,WOMAN'S ,DAY 9 EV]Y C\NTRY AS A =M 
( /RUGGLE 9 GETT+ WORK+ WOM5 TO VOTE4 ,?IS DAY WAS TO BE 
A DAY ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY 9 ! FI<T = COMMON 
OBJECTIVES & A DAY = REVIEW+ ! ORGANIZ$ /R5G? ( 
WORK+ WOM5 UND] ! BANN] ( SOCIALISM4 

,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY 

,! DECISION TAK5 AT ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS ( 
,SOCIALI/ ,WOM5 WAS NOT LEFT ON PAP]4 ,IT WAS DECID$ TO HOLD ! 
FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY ON ! #a#i? ( ,M>*1 #a#i#a#a4 

,?IS DATE WAS NOT *OS5 AT R&OM4 ,\R ,G]MAN COMRADES PICK$ 
! DAY BECAUSE ( ITS HI/ORIC IMPORTANCE = ! ,G]MAN 
PROLET>IAT4 ,ON ! #a#i? ( ,M>* 9 ! YE> ( #ahdh REVOLUTION1 
! ,PRUSSIAN K+ RECOGNIZ$ = ! FIR/ TIME ! /R5G? ( 
! >M$ PEOPLE & GAVE WAY BE=E ! ?REAT ( A PROLET>IAN 
UPRIS+4 ,AMONG ! MANY PROMISE HE MADE1 :I* HE LAT] FAIL$ 
TO KEEP1 WAS ! 9TRODUCTION ( VOTES = WOM54 

,AFT] ,JANU>Y #a#a1 EF=TS W]E MADE 9 ,G]MANY & ,AU/RIA TO 
PREP>E = ,WOM5'S ,DAY4 ,!Y MADE KN[N ! PLANS = A 
DEMON/RATION BO? BY WORD ( M\? & 9 ! PRESS4 ,DUR+ ! 
WEEK BE=E ,WOM5'S ,DAY TWO J\RNALS APPE>$3 ,! ,VOTE = 
,WOM5 9 ,G]MANY & ,WOM5'S ,DAY 9 ,AU/RIA4 ,! 
V>I\S >TICLES DEVOT$ TO ,WOM5'S ,DAY  -  0,WOM5 & 
,P>LIAM5T10 0,! ,WORK+ ,WOM5 & ,MUNICIPAL ,AFFAIRS10 0,:AT ,HAS 
! ,H\SEWIFE GOT TO DO ) ,POLITICS801 ETC4  -  ANALYZ$ 
?OR\<LY ! QUE/ION ( ! EQUALITY ( WOM5 9 ! 
GOV]NM5T & 9 SOCIETY4 ,ALL ! >TICLES EMPHASIZ$ ! SAME 
PO9T3 ?AT IT WAS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO MAKE P>LIAM5T MORE 
DEMOCRATIC BY EXT5D+ ! FRAN*ISE TO WOM54 

,! FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY TOOK PLACE 9 #a#i#a#a4 ,ITS 
SUCCESS SUCCE$$ ALL EXPECTATION4 ,G]MANY & ,AU/RIA ON ,WORK+ 
,WOM5'S ,DAY WAS ONE SEE?+1 TREMBL+ SEA ( WOM54 ,MEET+S 
W]E ORGANIZ$ EV]Y:]E  -  9 ! SMALL T[NS & EV5 9 ! 
VILLAGES HALLS W]E PACK$ SO FULL ?AT !Y HAD TO ASK MALE 
WORK]S TO GIVE UP !IR PLACES = ! WOM54 

,?IS WAS C]TA9LY ! FIR/ %[ ( MILITANCY BY ! WORK+ 
WOMAN4 ,M5 /AY$ AT HOME ) !IR *ILDR5 = A *ANGE1 & 
!IR WIVES1 ! CAPTIVE H\SEWIVES1 W5T TO MEET+S4 ,DUR+ ! 
L>GE/ /REET DEMON/RATIONS1 9 :I* #c1 W]E TAK+ P>T1 
! POLICE DECID$ TO REMOVE ! DEMON/RATORS' BANN]S3 ! 
WOM5 WORK]S MADE A /&4 ,9 ! SCUFFLE ?AT FOLL[$1 
BLOOD%$ WAS AV]T$ ONLY ) ! HELP ( ! SOCIALI/ 
DEPUTIES 9 ,P>LIAM5T4 

,9 #aiac ,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY WAS TRANSF]R$ TO ! #h? ( 
,M>*4 ,?IS DAY HAS REMA9$ ! WORK+ WOM5'S DAY ( 
MILITANCY4 

,IS ,WOM5'S ,DAY ,NECESS>Y8 

,WOM5'S ,DAY 9 ,AM]ICA & ,EUROPE HAD AMAZ+ RESULTS4 ,IT'S TRUE 
?AT NOT A S+LE B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5T ?\<T ( MAK+ 
CONCESSIONS TO ! WORK]S OR ( RESPOND+ TO ! WOM5'S 
DEM&S4 ,= AT ?AT TIME1 ! B\RGEOISIE WAS NOT ?REAT5$ BY 
A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 

,BUT ,WOM5'S ,DAY DID A*IEVE SOME?+4 ,IT TURN$ \T ABOVE ALL TO 
BE AN EXCELL5T ME?OD ( AGITATION AMONG ! LESS POLITICAL ( 
\R PROLET>IAN SI/]S4 ,!Y C\LD NOT HELP BUT TURN !IR 
ATT5TION TO ! MEET+S1 DEMON/RATIONS1 PO/]S1 PAMPHLETS & 
NEWSPAP]S ?AT W]E DEVOT$ TO ,WOM5'S ,DAY4 ,EV5 ! POLITICALLY 
BACKW>D WORK+ WOMAN ?\<T TO H]SELF3 0,?IS IS \R DAY1 ! 
FE/IVAL = WORK+ WOM510 & %E HURRI$ TO ! MEET+S & 
DEMON/RATIONS4 ,AFT] EA* ,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY1 MORE WOM5 JO9$ 
! SOCIALI/ P>TIES & ! TRADE UNIONS GREW4 ,ORGANIZATIONS 
IMPROV$ & POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS DEVELOP$4 

,WOM5'S ,DAY S]V$ YET ANO!R FUNCTION2 IT /R5G!N$ ! 
9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK]S4 ,! P>TIES 9 DIFF]5T 
C\NTRIES USUALLY EX*ANGE SPEAK]S = ?IS OCCASION3 ,G]MAN 
COMRADES GO TO ,5GL&1 ,5GLI% COMRADES GO TO ,HOLL&1 ETC4 ,! 
9T]NATIONAL COHESION ( ! WORK+ CLASS HAS BECOME /RONG & 
FIRM & ?IS MEANS ?AT ! FI<T+ /R5G? ( ! PROLET>IAT 
AS A :OLE HAS GR[N4 

,!SE >E ! RESULTS ( WORK+ WOM5'S DAY ( MILITANCY4 ,! 
DAY ( WORK+ WOM5'S MILITANCY HELPS 9CREASE ! CONSCI\SNESS 
& ORGANIZATION ( PROLET>IAN WOM54 ,& ?IS MEANS ?AT ITS 
CONTRIBUTION IS ESS5TIAL TO ! SUCCESS ( ?OSE FI<T+ = A 
BETT] FUTURE = ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,WOM5 ,WORK]S ,DAY ,9 ,RUSSIA 

,! ,RUSSIA WORK+ WOMAN FIR/ TOOK P>T 9 0,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY0 
9 #a#i#a#c4 ,?IS WAS A TIME ( REACTION :5 ,CZ>ISM HELD ! 
WORK]S & PEASANTS 9 ITS VISE LIKE A GRIP4 ,!RE C\LD BE NO 
?\<T ( CELEBRAT+ 0,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY0 BY OP5 
DEMON/RATIONS4 ,BUT ! ORGANIZ$ WORK+ WOM5 W]E ABLE TO M>K 
!IR 9T]NATIONAL DAY4 ,BO? ! LEGAL NEWSPAP]S ( ! WORK+ 
CLASS  -  ! ,BOL%EVIK ,PRAVDA & ! ,M5%EVIK 
,LOO*  -  C>RI$ >TICLES AB\T ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S 
,DAY3 .<#e.> !Y C>RI$ SPECIAL >TICLES1 PORTRAITS ( SOME ( 
?OSE TAK+ P>T 9 ! WORK+ WOM5'S MOVEM5T & GREET+S 
FROM COMRADES SU* AS ,BEBEL & ,ZETK94.<#f.> 

,9 ?OSE BLEAK YE>S MEET+S W]E =BIDD54 ,BUT 9 ,PETROGRAD1 
AT ! ,KALA%AIKOVSKY ,EX*ANGE1 ?OSE WOM5 WORK]S :O BELONG$ 
TO ! ,P>TY ORGANIZ$ A PUBLIC =UM ON 0,! ,WOMAN 
,QUE/ION40 ,5TRANCE WAS FIVE KOPECKS4 ,?IS WAS AN ILLEGAL MEET+ 
BUT ! HALL WAS ABSOLUTELY PACK$4 ,MEMB]S ( ! ,P>TY SPOKE4 
,BUT ?IS ANIMAT$ 0CLOS$0 MEET+ HAD H>DLY F9I%$ :5 ! 
POLICE1 AL>M$ AT SU* PROCE$+S1 9T]V5$ & >RE/$ MANY 
( ! SPEAK]S4 

,IT WAS ( GREAT SIGNIFICANCE = ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD ?AT 
! WOM5 ( ,RUSSIA1 :O LIV$ UND] ,CZ>I/ REPRESSION1 %\LD 
JO9 9 & SOMEH[ MANAGE TO ACKN[L$GE ) ACTIONS 
,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY4 ,?IS WAS A WELCOME SIGN ?AT ,RUSSIA 
WAS WAK+ UP & ! ,CZ>I/ PRISONS & GALL[S W]E P[]LESS 
TO KILL ! WORK]S' SPIRIT ( /RUGGLE & PROTE/4 

,9 #a#i#a#d1 0,WOM5 ,WORK]S ,DAY0 9 ,RUSSIA WAS BETT] ORGANIZ$4 ,BO? 
! WORK]S' NEWSPAP]S CONC]N$ !MSELVES ) ! 
CELEBRATION4 ,\R COMRADES PUT A LOT ( EF=T 9TO ! 
PREP>ATION ( 0,WOM5 ,WORK]S ,DAY40 ,BECAUSE ( POLICE 
9T]V5TION1 !Y DIDN'T MANAGE TO ORGANIZE A DEMON/RATION4 
,?OSE 9VOLV$ 9 ! PLANN+ ( 0,WOM5 ,WORK]S ,DAY0 F\ND 
!MSELVES 9 ! ,CZ>I/ PRISONS1 & MANY W]E LAT] S5T TO 
! COLD NOR?4 ,= ! SLOGAN 0= ! WORK+ WOM5'S VOTE0 HAD 
NATURALLY BECOME 9 ,RUSSIA AN OP5 CALL = ! OV]?R[ ( 
,CZ>I/ AUTOCRACY4 

,WOM5 ,WORK]S ,DAY ,DUR+ ! ,IMP]IALI/ ,W> 

,! FIR/ WORLD W> BROKE \T4 ,! WORK+ CLASS 9 EV]Y C\NTRY 
WAS COV]$ ) ! BLOOD ( W>4 .<#g.> ,9 #aiae & #aiaf 0,WORK+ 
,WOM5'S ,DAY0 ABROAD WAS A FEEBLE AFFAIR  -  LEFT W+ SOCIALI/ 
WOM5 :O %>$ ! VIEWS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY TRI$ 
TO TURN ,M>* #h? 9TO A DEMON/RATION ( WORK+ WOM5 AGA9/ 
! W>4 ,BUT ?OSE SOCIALI/ P>TY TRAITORS 9 ,G]MANY & O!R 
C\NTRIES W\LD NOT ALL[ ! SOCIALI/ WOM5 TO ORGANIZE 
GA!R+S2 & ! SOCIALI/ WOM5 W]E REFUS$ PASSPORTS TO GO 
TO NEUTRAL C\NTRIES :]E ! WORK+ WOM5 WANT$ TO HOLD 
,9T]NATIONAL MEET+S & %[ ?AT 9 SPITE ( ! DESIRE ( 
! B\RGEOISIE1 ! SPIRIT ( ,9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY LIV$ ON4 

,9 #a#i#a#e1 IT WAS ONLY 9 ,NORWAY ?AT !Y MANAG$ TO ORGANIZE AN 
9T]NATIONAL DEMON/RATION ON ,WOM5'S ,DAY2 REPRES5TATIVES FROM 
,RUSSIA & NEUTRAL C\NTRIES ATT5D$4 ,!RE C\LD BE NO ?\<T 
( ORGANIZ+ A ,WOM5'S ,DAY 9 ,RUSSIA1 = H]E ! P[] ( 
,CZ>ISM & ! MILIT>Y MA*9E WAS UNBRIDL$4 

,!N CAME ! GREAT1 GREAT YE> ( #a#i#a#g4 ,HUNG]1 COLD & TRIALS 
( W> BROKE ! PATI5CE ( ! WOM5 WORK]S & ! PEASANT 
WOM5 ( ,RUSSIA4 ,9 #a#i#a#g1 ON ! #h? ( ,M>* 7#b#cRD ( ,FEBRU>Y71 
ON ,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY1 !Y CAME \T BOLDLY 9 ! /REETS ( 
,PETROGRAD4 ,! WOM5  -  SOME W]E WORK]S1 SOME W]E WIVES ( 
SOLDI]S  -  DEM&$ 0,BREAD = \R *ILDR50 & 0,! RETURN ( 
\R HUSB&S FROM ! TR5*ES40 ,AT ?IS DECISIVE TIME ! 
PROTE/S ( ! WORK+ WOM5 POS$ SU* A ?REAT ?AT EV5 ! 
,CZ>I/ SECURITY =CES DID NOT D>E TAKE ! USUAL MEASURES 
AGA9/ ! REBELS BUT LOOK$ ON 9 CONFUSION AT ! /ORMY SEA 
( ! PEOPLE'S ANG]4 

,! #aiag ,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY HAS BECOME MEMORABLE 9 HI/ORY4 ,ON 
?IS DAY ! ,RUSSIAN WOM5 RAIS$ ! TOR* ( PROLET>IAN 
REVOLUTION & SET ! WORLD ON FIRE4 ,! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION 
M>KS ITS BEG9N+ FROM ?IS DAY4 

,\R ,CALL ,TO ,BATTLE 

0,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY0 WAS FIR/ ORGANIZ$ T5 YE>S AGO 9 ! 
CAMPAIGN = ! POLITICAL EQUALITY ( WOM5 & ! /RUGGLE = 
SOCIALISM4 ,?IS AIM HAS BE5 A*IEV$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS WOM5 
9 ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ! SOVIET REPUBLIC ! WORK+ WOM5 & PEASANTS 
DON'T NE$ TO FI<T = ! FRAN*ISE & = CIVIL RI<TS4 ,!Y 
HAVE ALREADY WON !SE RI<TS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & ! 
PEASANT WOM5 >E EQUAL CITIZ5S  -  9 !IR H&S IS A P[]FUL 
WEAPON TO MAKE ! /RUGGLE = A BETT] LIFE EASI]  -  ! RI<T 
TO VOTE1 TO TAKE P>T 9 ! ,SOVIETS & 9 ALL COLLECTIVE 
ORGANIZATIONS4 .<#h.> 

,BUT RI<TS ALONE >E NOT 5\<4 ,WE HAVE TO LE>N TO MAKE USE ( 
!M4 ,! RI<T TO VOTE IS A WEAPON :I* WE HAVE TO LE>N TO 
MA/] = \R [N B5EFIT1 & = ! GOOD ( ! WORK]S' 
REPUBLIC4 ,9 ! TWO YE>S ( ,SOVIET ,P[]1 LIFE ITSELF HAS NOT 
BE5 ABSOLUTELY *ANG$4 ,WE >E ONLY 9 ! PROCESS ( /RUGGL+ 
= COMMUNISM & WE >E SURR\ND$ BY ! WORLD WE HAVE 
9H]IT$ FROM ! D>K & REPRESSIVE PA/4 ,! %ACKLES ( ! 
FAMILY1 ( H\SEWORK1 ( PRO/ITUTION /ILL WEI< HEAVILY ON ! 
WORK+ WOMAN4 ,WORK+ WOM5 & PEASANT WOM5 CAN ONLY RID 
!MSELVES ( ?IS SITUATION & A*IEVE EQUALITY 9 LIFE ITSELF1 
& NOT JU/ 9 LAW1 IF !Y PUT ALL !IR 5]GIES 9TO MAK+ 
,RUSSIA A TRULY COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 

,& TO QUICK5 ?IS COM+1 WE HAVE FIR/ TO PUT RI<T ,RUSSIA'S 
%ATT]$ ECONOMY4 ,WE MU/ CONSID] ! SOLV+ ( \R TWO MO/ 
IMM$IATE TASKS  -  ! CREATION ( A WELL ORGANIZ$ & 
POLITICALLY CONSCI\S LABOR =CE & ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( 
TRANSPORT4 ,IF \R >MY ( LABOR WORKS WELL WE %ALL SOON HAVE 
/EAM 5G9ES ONCE MORE2 ! RAILWAYS WILL BEG9 TO FUNCTION4 
,?IS MEANS ?AT ! WORK+ M5 & WOM5 WILL GET ! BREAD & 
FIREWOOD !Y DESP]ATELY NE$4 

,GETT+ TRANSPORT BACK TO NORMAL WILL SPE$ UP ! VICTORY ( 
COMMUNISM4 ,& ) ! VICTORY ( COMMUNISM WILL COME ! 
COMPLETE & FUNDAM5TAL EQUALITY ( WOM54 ,?IS IS :Y ! 
MESSAGE ( 0,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY0 MU/ ?IS YE> BE3 0,WORK+ 
WOM51 PEASANT WOM51 MO!RS1 WIVES & SI/]S1 ALL EF=TS TO 
HELP+ ! WORK]S & COMRADES 9 OV]COM+ ! *AOS ( ! 
RAILWAYS & REE/ABLI%+ TRANSPORT4 ,EV]YONE 9 ! /RUGGLE 
= BREAD & FIREWOOD & RAW MAT]IALS40 

,LA/ YE> ! SLOGAN ( ! ,DAY ( ,WOM5 ,WORK]S WAS3 0,ALL TO ! 
VICTORY ( ! ,R$ ,FRONT40 .<#i.> ,N[ WE CALL WORK+ WOM5 TO RALLY 
!IR /R5G? ON A NEW BLOODLESS FRONT  -  ! LABOR FRONT6 ,! 
,R$ ,>MY DEFEAT$ ! EXT]NAL 5EMY BECAUSE IT WAS ORGANIZ$1 
DISCIPL9$ & READY = SELF SACRIFICE4 ,) ORGANIZATION1 H>D 
WORK1 SELF-DISCIPL9E & SELF SACRIFICE1 ! WORK]S' REPUBLIC 
WILL OV]COME ! 9T]NAL FOE  -  ! DISLOCATION 7(7 TRANSPORT 
& ! ECONOMY1 HUNG]1 COLD & DISEASE4 0,EV]YONE TO ! 
VICTORY ON ! BLOODLESS LABOR FRONT6 ,EV]YONE TO ?IS VICTORY60 

,! ,NEW ,TASKS ( ,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY 

,! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION GAVE WOM5 EQUALITY ) M5 AS F> AS 
CIVIL RI<TS >E CONC]N$4 ,! WOM5 ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 
:O W]E NOT SO LONG AGO ! MO/ UN=TUNATE & OPPRESS$1 >E 
N[ 9 ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC ABLE TO %[ ) PRIDE TO COMRADES 9 
O!R C\NTRIES ! PA? TO POLITICAL EQUALITY ?R\< ! 
E/ABLI%M5T ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT & SOVIET 
P[]4 

,! SITUATION IS V]Y DIFF]5T 9 ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES :]E 
WOM5 >E /ILL OV]WORK$ & UND]PRIVILEG$4 ,9 !SE 
C\NTRIES ! VOICE ( ! WORK+ WOMAN IS WEAK & LIFELESS4 ,IT 
IS TRUE ?AT 9 V>I\S C\NTRIES  -  9 ,NORWAY1 ,AU/RALIA1 
,F9L& & 9 SOME ( ! ,/ATES ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA  -  WOM5 HAD 
WON CIVIL RI<TS EV5 BE=E ! W>4 .<#a.> 

,9 ,G]MANY1 AFT] ! ,KAIS] HAD BE5 ?R[N \T & A B\RGEOIS 
REPUBLIC E/ABLI%$1 HEAD$ BY ! 0COMPROMIS]S10 .<#a#a.>  
?IRTY-SIX WOM5 5T]$ P>LIAM5T  -  BUT NOT A S+LE COMMUNI/6 

,9 #a#i#a#i1 9 ,5GL&1 A WOMAN WAS = ! FIR/ TIME ELECT$ A 
,MEMB] ( ,P>LIAM5T4 ,BUT :O WAS %E8 ,A 0LADY40 ,?AT MEANS A 
L&[N]1 AN >I/OCRAT4 .<#a#b.> 

,9 ,FRANCE1 TOO1 ! QUE/ION HAS BE5 COM+ UP LATELY ( 
EXT5D+ ! FRAN*ISE TO WOM54 

,BUT :AT USE >E !SE RI<TS TO WORK+ WOM5 9 ! FRAMEWORK 
( B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5TS8 ,:ILE ! P[] IS 9 ! H&S ( ! 
CAPITALI/S & PROP]TY [N]S1 NO POLITICAL RI<TS WILL SAVE 
! WORK+ WOMAN FROM ! TRADITIONAL POSITION ( SLAV]Y 9 ! 
HOME & SOCIETY4 ,! ,FR5* B\RGEOISIE >E READY TO ?R[ 
ANO!R SOP TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 9 ! FACE ( GR[+ 
,BOL%EVIK IDEAS AMONG ! PROLET>IAT3 !Y >E PREP>$ TO 
GIVE WOM5 ! VOTE4.<#a#c.> 

,MR4 ,B\RGEOIS1 ,SIR  -  ,IT ,IS ,TOO ,LATE6 

,AFT] ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 IT IS 
CLE> TO EV]Y WORK+ WOMAN 9 ,FRANCE1 9 ,5GL& & 9 O!R 
C\NTRIES ?AT ONLY ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 
ONLY ! P[] ( ! SOVIETS CAN GU>ANTEE COMPLETE 
& ABSOLUTE 
EQUALITY1 ! ULTIMATE VICTORY ( COMMUNISM WILL TE> D[N ! 
C5TURY-OLD *A9S ( REPRESSION & LACK ( RI<TS4 ,IF ! TASK 
( 0,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,WOM5'S ,DAY0 WAS E>LI] 9 ! FACE ( 
! SUPREMACY ( ! B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5TS TO FI<T = ! RI<T 
( WOM5 TO VOTE1 ! WORK+ CLASS N[ HAS A NEW TASK3 TO 
ORGANIZE WORK+ WOM5 >\ND ! FI<T+ SLOGANS ( ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9/EAD ( TAK+ P>T 9 ! WORK+ ( ! 
B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5T1 LI/5 TO ! CALL FROM ,RUSSIA -  

 0,WORK+ WOM5 ( ALL C\NTRIES6 ,ORGANIZE A UNIT$ PROLET>IAN 
FRONT 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?OSE :O >E PLUND]+ ! WORLD6 
,D[N ) ! P>LIAM5T>ISM ( ! B\RGEOISIE6 ,WE WELCOME 
SOVIET P[]6 ,AWAY ) 9EQUALITIES SUFF] BY ! WORK+ M5 
& WOM56 ,WE WILL FI<T ) ! WORK]S = ! TRIUMPH ( 
WORLD COMMUNISM60  

,?IS CALL WAS FIR/ HE>D AMID ! TRIALS ( A NEW ORD]1 9 
! BATTLES ( CIVIL W> IT WILL BE HE>D BY & IT WILL /RIKE A 
*ORD 9 ! HE>TS ( WORK+ WOM5 ( O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! 
WORK+ WOMAN WILL LI/5 & BELIEVE ?IS CALL TO BE RI<T4 
,UNTIL REC5TLY !Y ?\<T ?AT IF !Y MANAG$ TO S5D A FEW 
REPRES5TATIVES TO P>LIAM5T !IR LIVES W\LD BE EASI] & ! 
OPPRESSION ( CAPITALISM MORE BE>ABLE4 ,N[ !Y KN[ O!RWISE4 

,ONLY ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( SOVIET 
P[] WILL SAVE !M FROM ! WORLD ( SUFF]+1 HUMILIATIONS 
& 9EQUALITY ?AT MAKES ! LIFE ( ! WORK+ WOMAN 9 ! 
CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES SO H>D4 ,! 0,WORK+ ,WOMAN'S ,DAY0 TURNS 
FROM A DAY ( /RUGGLE = ! FRAN*ISE 9TO AN 9T]NATIONAL 
DAY ( /RUGGLE = ! FULL & ABSOLUTE LIB]ATION ( WOM51 
:I* MEANS A /RUGGLE = ! VICTORY ( ! SOVIETS & = 
COMMUNISM6 

,D[N ) ! WORLD ( ,PROP]TY & ! ,P[] ( ,CAPITAL6 

,AWAY ) ,9EQUALITY1 ,LACK ( ,R,I<TS & ! ,OPPRESSION ( ,WOM5 
 -  ,! ,LEGACY ( ! ,B\RGEOIS ,WORLD6 

,=W>D ,TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,UNITY ( ,WORK+ ,WOM5 & ,MALE 

,WORK]S 9 ! ,/RUGGLE = ! ,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,PROLET>IAT 

 - ,! ,PROLET>IAT ( ,BO? ,SEXES6 

,NOTES 

 #b4 ,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA /ILL US$ ! OLD 0,JULIAN0 CAL5D> ( ! 
,MIDDLE ,AGES1 :I* WAS #ac DAYS BEH9D ! 0,GREGORIAN0 CAL5D> 
US$ 9 MO/ ( ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,?US ,M>* #h WAS 0,FEBRU>Y 
#b#c0 9 ! OLD CAL5D>4 ,?IS IS :Y ! REVOLUTION ( ,M>* #aiag 
IS CALL$ 0! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION0 & ?AT ( ,NOVEMB] #aiag 
 0! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION40  

 #c4 ,CL>A ,ZETK9 WAS A LEAD] ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T & 
! MA9 LEAD] ( ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ WOM5'S MOVEM5T4 
,KOLLONTAI WAS A DELEGATE TO ! 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CE 
REPRES5T+ ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG TEXTILE WORK]S4  

 #d4 ,?IS IS NOT ACCURATE4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( UNSKILL$ WORK]S 
9 ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE & ,G]MANY C\LD NOT VOTE4 ,A SMALL] 
P]C5TAGE ( WORK+ CLASS M5 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES C\LD NOT 
VOTE  -  9 P>TICUL> IMMIGRANT M54 ,9 ! ,S\? ( ! ,U,S BLACK 
M5 W]E (T5 PREV5T$ FROM VOT+4 ,! MIDDLE CLASS SUFFRAGE 
MOVEM5TS 9 ALL ! ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES DID NOT FI<T TO GIVE 
VOTES TO EI!R WORK+ CLASS WOM5 OR M54  

 #e4 ,AT ITS #aic ,CONGRESS1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,LABOR 
,P>TY DIVID$ 9TO TWO W+S1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS 7:I* MEANS 
 0MAJORITY0 9 ,RUSSIAN7 & ! ,M5%EVIKS 7:I* MEANS 
 0M9ORITY074 ,9 ! P]IOD BETWE5 #aic & #aiab 7:5 ! 
DIVISION BECAME P]MAN5T7 ! TWO W+S WORK$ TOGE!R1 UNIFI$ 
= A :ILE1 SPLIT AGA94 ,MANY SOCIALI/S1 9CLUD+ 5TIRE LOCAL 
ORGANIZATIONS1 WORK$ ) BO? W+S OR TRI$ TO /AY NEUTRAL 9 
! DISPUTES4 ,KOLLONTAI1 AN ACTIVE SOCIALI/ & FI<T] = 
WOM5'S RI<TS S9CE #a#h#i#i1 WAS AT FIR/ 9DEP5D5T ( ! 
FACTIONS1 !N BECAME A ,M5%EVIK = SEV]AL YE>S4 ,%E JO9$ 
! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 #aiae & BECAME ! ONLY WOMAN MEMB] ( !IR 
C5TRAL COMMITTEE4 ,%E ALSO S]V$ AS ,COMMISS> ( ,WELF>E ( ! 
,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC & HEAD ( ! ,WOM5'S ,SECTION ( ! ,BOL%EVIK 
,P>TY4  

 #f4 ,AUGU/ ,BEBEL 7#a#h#d-#a#i#a#c7 WAS A LEAD] ( ! ,G]MAN 
,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC 
,P>TY4 ,HE WAS A WELL-KN[N SUPPORT] ( ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T & 
AU?OR ( A CLASSIC BOOK ON ,M>XISM & WOM5 7,DIE 
,FRAU5FRAGE1 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% AS ,WOMAN ,UND] 
,SOCIALISM1 :I* HAS BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO MANY LANGUAGES4  

 #g4 ,:5 W> BROKE \T 9 #a#i#a#d1 !RE WAS A MASSIVE SPLIT 9 ! 
9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! ,SOCIAL 
,DEMOCRATS 9 ,G]MANY1 ,AU/RIA1 ,FRANCE & ,5GL& SUPPORT$ ! 
W>4 ,O!R SOCIALI/S1 SU* ,KOLLONTAI1 ,L591 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY 
& ,TROTSKY 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,CL>A ,ZETK9 & ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 9 ,G]MANY 
& ,EUG5E ,DEBS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 TO NAME SOME ( ! 
LEAD]S1 D5\NC$ ! PRO-W> SOCIALI/S = BE+ TRAITORS TO 
! WORK+ CLASS & TO ! FI<T = A WORK]S' REVOLUTION4  

 #h4 ,! WORD 0SOVIET0 MEANS 0C\NCIL40 ,SOVIETS1 OR WORK]S' 
C\NCILS1 >E DEMOCRATIC BODIES 9 :I* DELEGATES >E ELECT$ 9 
FACTORY & NEI<BORHOOD MEET+S & >E CONTROLL$ BY !IR 
SI/] & BRO!R WORK]S4 ,! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! SOVIETS 
MU/ REPORT BACK TO !IR CON/ITU5CY & >E SUBJECT TO 
IMM$IATE RECALL4  

 #i4 ,AFT] ! WORK+ CLASS SEIZURE ( P[] 9 ,OCTOB]_/,NOVEMB] 
#a#i#a#g1 ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S' /ATE WAS FAC$ ) TWO MAJOR 
PROBLEMS4 ,ONE WAS AN 9VASION BY ?IRTE5 C\NTRIES1 9CLUD+ 
! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 ! SECOND WAS RESI/ANCE BY ! PRO-MON>*I/  
& PRO-CAPITALI/ ELEM5TS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,PRIM>ILY UND] 
! DIRECTION ( ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 ! SOVIETS CREAT$ A WORK]S & 
PEASANTS >MY1 ! ,R$ ,>MY1 :I* DEFEAT$ ! =CES ( 
C\NT]REVOLUTION4  

 #a4 ,WOM5 HAD WON ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 SEV]AL ( ! ,UNIT$ 
,/ATES PRIOR TO ,WORLD ,W> ,I4 ,A F$]AL AM5DM5T GU>ANTEE+ ALL 
WOM5 OV] #ba ! RI<T TO VOTE WAS PASS$ ON ,AUGU/ #b#f1 #a#i#b4 ,IT 
WAS NOT UNTIL ! #a#i#fS ?AT ! LA/ LEGAL B>RI]S TO WORK+ 
CLASS PEOPLE VOT+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W]E ABOLI%$4  

 #a#a4 ,! 0COMPROMIS]S0 ,KOLLONTAI IS REF]R+ TO >E ! ,SOCIAL 
,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S :O =M$ A NEW CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5T 9 
,G]MANY AFT] ! FALL ( ! ,KAIS] 9 #a#i#a#h4 ,!Y ACTIVELY 
SUPPORT$ C\NT]REVOLUTION AFT] COM+ TO (FICE4  

 #a#b4 ,:ILE ! >I/OCRATIC ,LADY ,A/OR WAS 9DE$ ! FIR/ WOMAN 
TO S]VE 9 ! ,BRITI% P>LIAM5T1 ! FIR/ WOMAN 
ELECT$ TO P>LIAM5T WAS ! ,IRI% REVOLUTION>Y 
,CON/ANCE ,M>KIEVICZ4 ,TOGE!R ) O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,S9N 
,FE9 P>TY1 %E REFUS$ TO TAKE H] SEAT 9 ! IMP]IAL 
P>LIAM5T4  

 #a#c4 ,FR5* WOM5 DID NOT F9ALLY GET ! VOTE UNTIL AFT] ,WORLD 
,W> ,I,I4  

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/