,9TEGRAL ,$UCATION ,I #ahfi ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 ,TAGS 3 MASSES ( ! PEOPLE1 P[] ( ! /ATE1 SCI5CE & ! >TS1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL1 ADVANCES ( SCI5CE1 REJECT & RESI/1 PROGRESS ( 9DU/RY1 PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 PETITE B\RGEOISIE1 B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S4 ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ,JURG5 ,TELKMANN1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,! FIR/ TOPIC = CONSID]ATION TODAY IS ?IS3 WILL IT BE FEASIBLE = ! WORK+ MASSES TO KN[ COMPLETE EMANCIPATION AS LONG AS ! $UCATION AVAILABLE TO ?OSE MASSES CONT9UES TO BE 9F]IOR TO ?AT BE/[$ UPON ! B\RGEOIS1 OR1 9 MORE G5]AL T]MS1 AS LONG AS !RE EXI/S ANY CLASS1 BE IT NUM]\S OR O!RWISE1 :I*1 BY VIRTUE ( BIR?1 IS 5TITL$ TO A SUP]IOR $UCATION & A MORE COMPLETE 9/RUCTION8 ,DOES NOT ! QUE/ION ANSW] ITSELF8 ,IS IT NOT SELF-EVID5T ?AT ( ANY TWO P]SONS 5D[$ BY NATURE ) R\N+ & :O1 HAV+ ! BETT] GRASP$ ! 9T]- RELATION%IPS ( NATURAL & SOCIAL PH5OM5A 7:AT WE MIITY ( $UCATION & $UCATION & LE>N+ ! ONLY ONE TO EXI/ BETWE5 TWO CLASSES1 W\LD NOT ALL ! O!RS SWIFTLY FOLL[ UNTIL ! WORLD ( M5 ITSELF 9 ITS PRES5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 ?AT IS1 UNTIL IT WAS AGA9 DIVID$ 9TO A MASS ( SLAVES & A T9Y NUMB] ( RUL]S1 ! =M] LABOR+ AWAY AS !Y DO TODAY1 TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! LATT]8 ,N[ WE SEE :Y ! B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S DEM& ONLY A LITTLE $UCATION = ! PEOPLE1 A S\PCAN MORE ?AN !Y CURR5TLY RECEIVE2 :]EAS WE SOCIALI/ DEMOCRATS DEM&1 ON ! PEOPLE'S BEHALF1 COMPLETE & 9TEGRAL $UCATION1 AN $UCATION AS FULL AS ! P[] ( 9TELLECT TODAY P]MITS4 ,SO ?AT1 H5CE=?1 !RE MAY NOT BE ANY CLASS OV] ! WORK]S BY VIRTUE ( SUP]IOR $UCATION & !RE=E ABLE TO DOM9ATE & EXPLOIT !M4 ,! B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S WANT TO SEE ! RET5TION ( ! CLASS SY/EM ) EA* CLASS1 !Y CONT5D1 FULFILL+ A SPECIFIC SOCIAL FUNCTION2 ONE SPECIALIZ+1 SAY1 9 LE>N+1 & ! O!R 9 MANUAL LABOR4 ,WE1 ON ! O!R H&1 SEEK ! F9AL & ! UTT] ABOLITION ( CLASSES2 WE SEEK A UNIFICATION ( SOCIETY & EQUALITY ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC PROVISION = EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL ON ?IS E>?4 ,! B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S1 :IL/ RETA9+ ! HI/ORIC BASES ( ! SOCIETY ( TODAY1 W\LD LIKE TO SEE !M BECOME LESS />K1 LESS H>% & MORE PRETTIFI$4 ,:]EAS WE %\LD LIKE TO SEE !IR DE/RUCTION4 ,FROM :I* IT FOLL[S ?AT !RE CAN BE NO TRUCE OR COMPROMISE1 LET ALONE ANY COALITION BETWE5 ! B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S & US SOCIALI/ DEMOCRATS4 ,BUT1 ,I HAVE HE>D IT SAID & ?IS IS ! >GUM5T MO/ FREQU5TLY RAIS$ AGA9/ US & AN >GUM5T :I* ! DOGMATI/S ( EV]Y %ADE REG>D AS IRREFUTABLE - IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! :OLE ( MANK9D %\LD DEVOTE ITSELF TO LE>N+1 = WE %\LD ALL DIE ( />VATION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY :ILE SOME /UDY O!RS MU/ LABOR SO ?AT !Y CAN PRODUCE :AT WE NE$ TO LIVE - NOT JU/ PRODUC+ = !IR [N NE$S1 BUT ALSO = ?OSE M5 :O DEVOTE !MSELVES EXCLUSIVELY TO 9TELLECTUAL PURSUITS2 ASIDE FROM EXP&+ ! HORIZONS ( HUMAN KN[L$GE1 ! DISCOV]IES ( !SE 9TELLECTUALS IMPROVE ! CONDITION ( ALL HUMAN BE+S1 )\T EXCEPTION1 :5 APPLI$ TO 9DU/RY1 AGRICULTURE &1 G5]ALLY1 TO POLITICAL & SOCIAL LIFE2 AGRE$8 ,& DO NOT !IR >TI/IC CREATIONS 5HANCE ! LIVES ( EV]Y ONE ( US8 ,NO1 NOT AT ALL4 ,& ! GREATE/ REPROA* :I* WE CAN LEVEL AGA9/ SCI5CE & ! >TS IS PRECISELY ?AT !Y DO NOT DI/RIBUTE !IR FAVORS & DO NOT EX]CISE !IR 9FLU5CE1 EXCEPT UPON A T9Y FRAGM5T ( SOCIETY1 TO ! EXCLUSION &1 ?US1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! VA/ MAJORITY4 ,TODAY ONE MITS1 JU/ :AT HAS ALREADY & SO PROP]LY BE5 SAID ( ! PRODIGI\S PROGRESS ( 9DU/RY1 TRADE1 CR$IT1 &1 9 A WORD1 ( ! WEAL? ( SOCIETY 9 ! MO/ CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES ( ! MOD]N WORLD4 ,?AT WEAL? IS QUITE EXCLUSIVE1 & ! T5D5CY IS = IT TO BECOME MORE SO EA* DAY1 AS IT BECOMES CONC5TRAT$ 9TO AN EV] %R9K+ NUMB] ( H&S1 %UNN+ ! L[] E*ELONS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS & ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE1 DEPRESS+ !M 9TO ! PROLET>IAT1 SO ?AT ! GR[? ( ?IS WEAL? IS ! DIRECT CAUSE BEH9D ! GR[+ MIS]Y ( ! LABOR+ MASSES4 ,?US ! \TCOME IS ?AT ! GULF :I* YAWNS BETWE5 ! PRIVILEG$1 CONT5T$ M9ORITY & MILLIONS ( WORK]S :O E>N !IR KEEP BY ! /R5G? ( !IR >M1 YAWNS EV] WID] & ?AT ! HAPPI] ! CONT5T$ - :O EXPLOIT ! PEOPLE'S LABOR - BECOME ! MORE UNHAPPY ! WORK]S BECOME4 ,ONE HAS ONLY TO LOOK AT ! FABUL\S OPUL5CE ( ! >I/OCRATIC1 F9ANCI]1 COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL CLIQUE 9 ,5GL& & COMP>E IT ) ! MIS]ABLE CONDITION ( ! WORK]S ( ! SAME C\NTRY2 ONE HAS ONLY TO RE-READ ! SO NAIVE & HE>TR5D+ LETT] LATELY P5N$ BY AN 9TELLIG5T & UPRIILY TAK5 POISON ALONG ) HIS WIFE & !IR SIX *ILDR51 SIMPLY AS A MEANS ( ESCAPE FROM ! DEGRADATION'S ( POV]TY & ! TORM5TS ( HUNG] 7#a7 - & ONE WILL F9D ONESELF OBLIG$ TO CONC$E ?AT ! MU* VAUNT$ CIVILIZATION MEANS1 9 MAT]IAL T]MS1 TO ! PEOPLE1 ONLY OPPRESSION & RU9ATION4 ,& ! SAME HOLDS TRUE = ! MOD]N ADVANCES ( SCI5CE & ! >TS4 ,HUGE /RIDES1 9DE$1 IT IS TRUE ,BUT ! GREAT] ! ADVANCES1 ! MORE !Y FO/] 9TELLECTUAL S]VITUDE & ?US1 9 MAT]IAL T]MS1 FO/] MIS]Y & 9F]IORITY AS ! LOT ( ! PEOPLE2 = !SE ADVANCES M]ELY WID5 ! GULF :I* ALREADY SEP>ATES ! PEOPLE'S LEVEL ( UND]/&+ FROM ! LEVELS ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 ,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( NATURAL CAPACITY1 ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! =M] IS1 TODAY1 OBVI\SLY LESS /UNT$1 LESS EX]CIS$1 LESS SOPHI/ICAT$ & LESS CORRUPT$ BY ! NE$ TO DEF5D UNJU/ 9T]E/S1 & IS1 CONSEQU5TLY1 NATURALLY ( GREAT] POT5CY ?AN ! BRA9 P[] ( ! B\RGEOISIE3 BUT1 !N AGA91 ! BRA9 P[] ( ! B\RGEOIS DOES HAVE AT ITS DISPOSAL ! COMPLETE >S5AL ( SCI5CE FILL$ ) WEAPONS ?AT >E 9DE$ =MIDABLE4 ,IT IS V]Y (T5 ! CASE ?AT A HIN$ FOOL :O DEFEATS HIM1 NOT BY D9T ( 9TELLECT 7( :I* HE HAS NONE7 BUT BY D9T ( HIS $UCATION1 AN $UCATION D5I$ ! WORK+MAN BUT GRANT$ ! FOOL BECAUSE1 :ILE ! FOOL WAS ABLE TO DEVELOP HIS FOOLI%NESS SCI5TIFICALLY 9 S*OOLS1 ! WORK+ MAN'S LABORS W]E CLO?+1 H\S+1 FE$+ HIM & SUPPLY+ HIS EV]Y NE$1 HIS TEA*]S & HIS BOOKS1 EV]Y?+ NECESS>Y TO HIS $UCATION4 ,EV5 )9 ! B\RGEOIS CLASS1 AS WE KN[ ONLY TOO WELL1 ! DEGREE ( LE>N+ IMP>T$ TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL IS NOT ! SAME4 ,!RE1 TOO1 !RE IS A SCALE :I* IS DET]M9$1 NOT BY ! POT5TIAL ( ! 9DIVIDUAL BUT BY ! AM\NT ( WEAL? ( ! SOCIAL /RATUM TO :I* HE BELONGS BY BIR?2 = EXAMPLE1 ! 9/RUCTION MADE AVAILABLE TO ! *ILDR5 ( ! L[] PETITE B\RGEOISIE1 :IL/ ITSELF SC>CELY SUP]IOR TO ?AT :I* WORK]S MANAGE TO OBTA9 = !MSELVES1 IS NEXT TO NO?+ BY COMP>ISON ) ! $UCATION ?AT SOCIETY MAKES READILY AVAILABLE TO ! UPP] & MIDDLE B\RGEOISIE4 ,:AT1 !N1 DO WE F9D8 ,! PETITE B\RGEOISIE1 :OSE ONLY ATTA*M5T TO ! MIDDLE CLASS IS ?R\< A RIDICUL\S VANITY ON ! ONE H&1 & ITS DEP5D5CE UPON ! BIG CAPITALI/S ON ! O!R1 F9DS ITSELF MO/ (T5 9 CIRCUM/ANCES EV5 MORE MIS]ABLE & EV5 MORE HUMILIAT+ ?AN ?OSE :I* AFFLICT ! PROLET>IAT4 ,SO :5 WE TALK ( PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 WE NEV] HAVE 9 M9D ?IS POOR PETITE B\RGEOISIE :I*1 IF IT DID BUT HAVE A LITTLE MORE SPIRIT & GUMPTION1 W\LD NOT DELAY 9 JO9+ =CES ) US TO COMBAT ! BIG & M$IUM B\RGEOISIE :O CRU% IT TODAY NO LESS ?AN !Y CRU% ! PROLET>IAT4 ,& %\LD SOCIETY'S CURR5T ECONOMIC TR5DS CONT9UE 9 ! SAME DIRECTION = A FUR!R T5 YE>S 7:I* WE DO1 H[EV]1 REG>D AS IMPOSSIBLE7 WE MAY YET SEE ! BULK ( ! M$IUM B\RGEOISIE TUMBLE FIR/ ( ALL 9TO ! CURR5T CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE ONLY TO SLIP A LITTLE LAT] 9TO ! PROLET>IAT - AS A RESULT1 ( C\RSE1 ( ?IS 9EVITABLE CONC5TRATION ( [N]%IP 9TO AN EV] SMALL] NUMB] ( H&S - ! 9ELUCTABLE CONSEQU5CES ( :I* W\LD BE TO P>TITION SOCIETY ONCE & = ALL 9TO A T9Y1 OV]WEAN+LY OPUL5T1 $UCAT$1 RUL+ M9ORITY & A VA/ MAJORITY ( IMPOV]I%$1 IGNORANT1 5SLAV$ PROLET>IANS4 ,!RE IS ONE FACT :I* %\LD MAKE AN IMPRESSION UPON EV]Y P]SON ( CONSCI5CE1 UPON ALL :O HAVE AT HE>T A CONC]N = HUMAN DIGNITY & JU/ICE2 ?AT IS1 = ! LIB]TY ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL AMID & ?R\< A SETT+ ( EQUALITY = ALL4 ,?AT IS ! FACT ?AT ALL ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 ALL ( ! GREAT APPLICATIONS ( SCI5CE TO ! PURPOSE ( 9DU/RY1 TRADE & TO ! LIFE ( SOCIETY 9 G5]AL HAVE ?US F> PR(IT$ NO ONE1 SAVE ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES & ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE1 ?AT TIMELESS *AMPION ( ALL POLITICAL & SOCIAL 9IQUITY4 ,NEV]1 NOT ONCE1 HAVE !Y BR\ATUS TODAY !IR (FSPR+ HOLD1 ALWAYS1 EV]Y KEY POSITION 7& EV5 EV]Y L[] & MIDDLE RANGE POSITION7 EXCEPT+ ?AT ( SOLDI] & WORK]4 ,& 9 ?IS DAY & AGE :AT IS IT ?AT CON/ITUTES ! PR9CIPLE UND]LY+ ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE8 ,:Y1 IT IS SCI5CE4 ,YES1 SCI5CE - ,SCI5CE ( GOV]NM5T1 SCI5CE ( ADM9I/RATION & F9ANCIAL SCI5CE2 ! SCI5CE ( FLEEC+ ! FLOCKS ( ! PEOPLE )\T !IR BLEAT+ TOO L\DLY &1 :5 !Y />T TO BLEAT1 ! SCI5CE ( URG+ SIL5CE1 PATI5CE & OB$I5CE UPON !M BY MEANS ( A SCI5TIFICALLY ORGANIZ$ =CE3 ! SCI5CE ( DECEIV+ & DIVID+ ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE & KEEP+ !M ALLAYS 9 A SALUT>Y IGNORANCE LE/ !Y EV] BECOME ABLE1 BY HELP+ ONE ANO!R & POOL+ !IR EF=TS1 TO CONJURE UP A P[] CAPABLE ( OV]TURN+ ,/ATES2 &1 ABOVE ALL1 MILIT>Y SCI5CE ) ALL ITS TRI$ & TE/$ WEAPONRY1 !SE =MIDABLE 9/RUM5TS ( DE/RUCTION :I* 'WORK WOND]S' 7#b73 & LA/LY1 ! SCI5CE ( G5IUS :I* HAS CONJUR$ UP /EAM%IPS1 RAILWAYS & TELEGRAPHY :I*1 BY TURN+ EV]Y GOV]NM5T 9TO A HUNDR$ >M$1 A ?\S& >M$ ,BRI>EOS 7#c71 GIV+ IT ! P[] TO BE1 ACT & >RE/ EV]Y:]E AT ONCE - HAS BR\ BR\IAT8 ,BUT1 WE WILL HE> ! OBJECTION1 DO NOT ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE PR(IT BY ?IS ALSO8 ,>E !Y NOT MU* MORE CIVILIZ$ 9 ?IS SOCIETY ( \RS ?AN !Y W]E 9 ! SOCIETIES ( BYEGONE C5TURIES8 ,WE %ALL REPLY TO ?AT ) AN OBS]VATION BORR[$ FROM ! NOT$ ,G]MAN SOCIALI/1 ,LASSALLE4 ,9 MEASUR+ ! PROGRESS MADE BY ! WORK+ MASSES1 9 T]MS ( !IR POLITICAL & SOCIAL EMANCIPATION1 ONE %\LD NOT COMP>E !IR 9TELLECTUAL /ATE 9 ?IS C5TURY ) :AT IT MAY HAVE BE5 9 C5TURIES GONE BY4 ,9/EAD1 ONE \ISON ) SOME GIV5 TIME1 ! GAP :I* !N EXI/$ BETWE5 ! WORK+ MASSES & ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES HAV+ BE5 NOT$1 ! MASSES HAVE PROGRESS$ TO ! SAME EXT5T AS !SE PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 ,=1 IF ! PROGRESS MADE BY BO? HAS BE5 R\ATES ! MASSES FROM ! PRIVILEG$ 9 TODAY'S WORLD WILL BE ! SAME AS IT EV] WAS2 BUT IF ! PROLET>IAT HAS PROGRESS$ FUR!R & MORE RAPIDLY ?AN ! PRIVILEG$1 !N ! GAP MU/ NECESS>ILY HAVE N>R[$2 BUT IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! WORK]'S RATE ( PROGRESS HAS BE5 SL[] &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 LESS ?AN ?AT ( A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! RUL+ CLASSES OV] ! SAME P]IOD1 !N ?AT GAP WILL HAVE GR[N4 ,! GULF :I* SEP>ATES !M WILL HAVE 9CREAS$ & ! MAN ( PRIVILEGE GR[N MORE P[]FUL & ! WORK]'S CIRCUM/ANCES MORE ABJECT1 MORE SLAVE LIKE ?AN AT ! DATE ONE *OSE AS ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE4 ,IF ! TWO ( US SET (F FROM TWO DIFF]5T PO9TS AT ! SAME TIME & Y\ HAVE A LEAD ( ONE HUNDR$ PACES OV] ME & Y\ MOVE AT A RATE ( SIXTY PACES P] M9UTE1 & ,I AT ONLY ?IRTY PACES P] M9UTE1 !N AFT] ONE H\R ! DI/ANCE :I* SEP>ATES US WILL NOT BE JU/ OV] ONE HUNDR$ PACES1 BUT JU/ OV] ONE ?\S& N9E HUNDR$ PACES4 ,?AT EXAMPLE GIVES A R\IAT4 ,?US F> ! B\RGEOISIE HAS RAC$ ALONG ! TRACK ( CIVILIZATION AT A QUICK] RATE ?AN ! PROLET>IAT1 NOT BECAUSE !Y >E 9TELLECTUALLY MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! LATT] 9DE$ ONE MIGUE ! CONTR>Y CASE - BUT BECAUSE ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY HAS BE5 SU* ?AT1 HI!RTO1 ! B\RGEOISIE ALONE HAVE 5JOY$ ACCESS TO LE>N+ & SCI5CE HAS EXI/$ ONLY = !M1 & ! PROLET>IAT HAS F\ND ITSELF DOOM$ TO A =C$ IGNORANCE1 SO ?AT IF ! PROLET>IAT HAS1 NEV]!LESS1 MADE PROGRESS 7& !RE IS NO D5Y+ IT HAS7 !N ?AT PROGRESS WAS MADE NOT ?ANKS TO SOCIETY1 BUT RA!R 9 SPITE ( IT4 ,TO SUM UP4 ,9 SOCIETY AS PRES5TLY CON/ITUT$1 ! ADVANCES ( SCI5CE HAVE BE5 AT ! ROOT ( ! RELATIVE IGNORANCE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 JU/ AS ! PROGRESS ( 9DU/RY & COMM]CE HAVE BE5 AT ! ROOT ( ITS RELATIVE IMPOV]I%M5T4 ,?US1 9TELLECTUAL PROGRESS & MAT]IAL PROGRESS HAVE CONTRIBUT$ 9 EQUAL MEASURE T[>DS ! EXAC]BATION ( ! SLAV]Y ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,MEAN+ :AT8 ,MEAN+ ?AT WE HAVE A DUTY TO REJECT & RESI/ ?AT B\RGEOIS SCI5CE1 JU/ AS WE HAVE A DUTY TO REJECT & RESI/ B\RGEOIS WEAL?4 ,& REJECT & RESI/ !M 9 ?IS S5SE - ?AT 9 DE/ROY+ ! SOCIAL ORD] :I* TURNS IT 9TO ! PRES]VE ( ONE OR ( SEV]AL CLASSES1 WE MU/ LAY CLAIM TO IT AS ! COMMON 9H]ITANCE ( ALL ! WORLD4 .<,EGALITE1 #ca ,JULY #a#h#f#i.> ,FROM3 AN ESSAY PUBLI%$ 9 ,EGALITE1 ,BAKUN91 ,MIKHAEL7,G5EVA7 ,JULY #c#a1 #a#h#f#i4 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JULY #c#a1 #ahfi 3 ,9TEGRAL ,$UCATION ,I -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JANU>Y #b#e1 #bag 3 ,9TEGRAL ,$UCATION ,I -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,9TEGRAL ,$UCATION ,I -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/