,P>T #d1 ,*APT] #c 
,SOCIALISM & ! ,LEXICOGRAPH]S 

#ahigahig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5JAM9 ,R4 ,TUCK] 

,TEXT 3 

,SOCIALISM & ! ,LEXICOGRAPH]S4 

.<,LIB]TY1 ,JANU>Y #c1 #a#h#i#b4.> 

,LIB]TY IS 9=M$ ?AT ! ,COLLECTIVI/S EXPECT TO PROVE !IR CLAIM TO A MONOPOLY ( ! NAME ,SOCIALISM BY REF]5CE TO ! ,C5TURY ,DICTION>Y AS AN 9DISPUTABLE AU?ORITY4 ,!Y WILL F9D ?AT ! ,AN>*I/IC ,SOCIALI/S >E NOT TO BE /RIPP$ ( ONE HALF ( !IR TITLE BY ! M]E DICTUM ( ! LA/ LEXICOGRAPH]4 ,IF ! DICTION>Y-MAK]S W]E 9 SUB/ANTIAL AGREEM5T 9 MAK+ ,SOCIALISM EXCLUSIVE ( ,AN>*ISM1 ! DEM& ?AT ,AN>*I/S %\LD CEASE TO CALL !MSELVES ,SOCIALI/S MI<T BE MADE ) SOME GRACE4 ,BUT ?AT !RE IS NO APPROA* TO UNANIMITY AMONG !M ON ?IS PO9T WILL BE SE5 FROM ! FOLL[+ DEF9ITIONS ( ,SOCIALISM TAK5 FROM V>I\S CYCLOPA$IAS & DICTION>IES1 = ! COMPILATION ( :I* ,LIB]TY IS L>GELY 9DEBT$ TO ! 9DU/RY ( ,COMRADE ,TR9KAUS47#a#b#a 8 #a7 

,/ORMON?'S ,DICTION>Y ( ! ,5GLI% ,LANGUAGE37#a#b#a 8 #b7  

,?AT SY/EM :I* HAS = ITS OBJECT ! RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY AS ! BASIS ( A COMMUNITY ( PROP]TY1 & ASSOCIATION 9/EAD ( COMPETITION 9 EV]Y BRAN* ( HUMAN 9DU/RY2 COMMUNION47#a#b#a 8 #c7  

,WORCE/]37#a#b#a 8 #d7  

,! SCI5CE ( RECON/RUCT+ SOCIETY ON 5TIRELY NEW BASES1 BY SUB/ITUT+ ! PR9CIPLE ( ASSOCIATION = ?AT ( COMPETITION 9 EV]Y BRAN* ( HUMAN 9DU/RY47#a#b#a 8 #e7  

,9 ! V>I\S =MS UND] :I* SOCIETY HAS EXI/$1 PRIVATE PROP]TY1 9DIVIDUAL 9DU/RY & 5T]PRISE1 & ! RI<T ( M>RIAGE & ! FAMILY HAVE BE5 RECOGNIZ$4 ,( LATE YE>S SEV]AL S*EMES ( SOCIAL >RANGEM5T HAVE BE5 PROPOS$1 9 :I* ONE OR ALL ( !SE PR9CIPLES HAVE BE5 AB&ON$ OR MODIFI$4 ,!SE S*EMES MAY BE COMPREH5D$ UND] ! G5]AL T]M ,SOCIALISM47#a#b#a 8 #f7  

,ALLGEME9E DEUTS*E ,REAL-,5CYKLOPADIE37#a#b#a 8 #g7  

,! BODY ( TEA*+S DEVELOP$ 9TO A SY/EM :I* AIM AT REMOV+ ! EVILS ( EXI/+ SOCIETY BY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A SOCIAL ORD] BAS$ ON A NEW DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?1 LABOR1 & 9DU/RY1 & !REBY CREAT+ ! LA/+ WELF>E ( ALL1 BUT ESPECIALLY ( ! CLASSES )\T CAPITAL1 )9 A G5]AL GR& DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANITY47#a#b#a 8 #h7  

,GLOBE ,5CYCLOPA$IA37#a#b#a 8 #i7  

,A T]M :I* IS PRACTICALLY SYNONYM\S ) ,COMMUNISM1 ?\<1 /RICTLY SPEAK+1 !RE IS DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! TWO WORDS1 :I* IS EXPLA9$ 9 ! >TICLE ,COMMUNISM47#a#b#a 8 #a7  

,COMMUNISM MEANS ! NEGATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY2 IT DESCRIBES A SOCIETY 9 :I* ! L& & 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION W\LD BE HELD AS JO9T PROP]TY & US$ = ! COMMON ACC\NT1 9DU/RY BE+ REGULAT$ BY A MAGI/RATE1 & ! PRODUCE BE+ PUBLICLY DIVID$ 9 EQUAL %>ES1 OR ACCORD+ TO WANTS1 OR ONE SOME O!R PR9CIPLE ( DI/RIBUTIVE JU/ICE47#a#b#a 8 #a#a7  

,SOCIALISM DOES NOT NECESS>ILY 9VOLVE ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY2 IT M]ELY 9SI/S 444 ?AT ! L& & 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION %\LD BE ! PROP]TY ( ! ASSOCIATION OR GOV]NM5T47#a#b#a 8 #a#b7  

,WEB/]37#a#b#a 8 #a#c7  

,A !ORY OR SY/EM ( SOCIAL RE=M :I* CONTEMPLATES A COMPLETE RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY1 ) A MORE JU/ & EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION ( LABOR47#a#b#a 8 #a#d7  

,5CYCLOPA$IA ,AM]ICANA37#a#b#a 8 #a#e7  

,SOCIALISM1 9 G5]AL1 MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS ?AT MOVEM5T :I* SEEKS BY ECONOMIC *ANGES TO DE/ROY ALL EXI/+ 9EQUALITIES ( ! WORLD'S SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 444 ,9TO ALL ,SOCIALI/IC S*EMES ! IDEA ( GOV]NM5TAL *ANGE 5T]S1 ) ?IS RADICAL DIFF]5CE1 H[EV]3 SOME ,SOCIALI/S RELY UPON ! F9AL ABOLITION ( EXI/+ =MS ( GOV]NM5T & SEEK ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A PURE DEMOCRACY1 :ILE O!RS 9SI/ UPON GIV+ TO GOV]NM5T A PAT]NAL =M1 ?US 9CREAS+ ITS FUNCTION 9/EAD ( DIM9I%+ IT47#a#b#a 8 #a#f7  

,5CYCLOPA$IA ,BRITANNICA37#a#b#a 8 #a#g7  

,A NEW =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 BAS$ ON A FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE 9 ! ECONOMIC ORD] ( SOCIETY4 ,SOCIALI/S BELIEVE ?AT ! PRES5T ECONOMIC ORD]1 9 :I* 9DU/RY IS C>RI$ ON BY PRIVATE COMPETITIVE CAPITAL1 MU/ & \<T TO PASS AWAY1 & ?AT ! NORMAL ECONOMIC ORD] ( ! FUTURE WILL BE ONE ) COLLECTIVE MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ASSOCIAT$ LABOR WORK+ = ! G5]AL GOOD4 .<,! ,BRITANNICA1 9 ! SAME >TICLE1 CATALOG+ ! V>IETIES ( ,SOCIALISM1 9CLUDES 9 ! LI/ ,AN>*ISM1 ( :I* IT CALLS ,PR\DHON ! ACKN[L$G$ FA!R4.>7#a#b#a 8 #a#h7  

,MEY]'S ,KONV]SATIONS-,LEXICON37#a#b#a 8 #a#i7  

,LIT]ALLY A SY/EM ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 COMMONLY A DESIGNATION = ALL ?OSE TEA*+S & ASPIRATIONS :I* CONTEMPLATE A RADICAL *ANGE ( ! EXI/+ SOCIAL & ECONOMICAL ORD]1 9 FAVOR ( A NEW ORD] MORE 9 H>MONY ) ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! G5]AL WELF>E & ! S5SE ( JU/ICE ?AN ! EXI/+ ORD]47#a#b#a 8 #b7  

,S&]'S ,WORT]BU* D] DEUTS*] ,SPRA*E37#a#b#a 8 #b#a7  

,A SY/EM ACCORD+ TO :I* CIVIL SOCIETY IS TO BE F\ND$ ON ! COMMUNITY ( LABOR & ! PROPORTIONAL DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCT47#a#b#a 8 #b#b7  

,JOHNSON'S ,UNIV]SAL ,CYCLOPA$IA37#a#b#a 8 #b#c7  

,SOCIALISM HOLDS AN 9T]M$IATE POSITION BETWE5 PURE ,COMMUNISM & SIMPLE COOP]ATION4 ,UNLIKE ,COMMUNISM1 IT DOES NOT ADVOCATE ! ABSOLUTE ABOLITION ( PROP]TY1 BUT AIMS SIMPLY AT A MORE JU/ & EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION ( IT4 ,EV]Y MAN ACCORD+ TO HIS CAPACITY1 & EV]Y CAPACITY ACCORD+ TO ITS WORK1 IS ! GREAT MAXIM LAID D[N BY ,SA9T ,SIMON1 & TO C>RY \T ?IS MAXIM IS ! GREAT GOAL ( ALL ,SOCIALI/IC MOVEM5TS47#a#b#a 8 #b#d7  

,*AMB]S'S ,5CYCLOPA$IA37#a#b#a 8 #b#e7  

,! NAME GIV5 TO A CLASS ( OP9IONS OPPOS$ TO ! PRES5T ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 & :I* SEEKS TO 9TRODUCE A NEW DI/RIBUTION ( PROP]TY & LABOR1 9 :I* ORGANIZ$ COOP]ATION RA!R ?AN COMPETITION %\LD BE ! DOM9AT+ PR9CIPLE47#a#b#a 8 #b#f7  

,AM]ICAN ,CYCLOPA$IA37#a#b#a 8 #b#g7  

,! DOCTR9E ?AT SOCIETY \<T TO BE ORGANIZ$ ON MORE H>MONI\S & EQUITABLE PR9CIPLES4 ,COMMUNISM & COOP]ATION >E ITS PR9CIPAL DIVISIONS OR V>IETIES4 ,COMMUNISM & ,SOCIALISM >E SOMETIMES US$ AS SYNONYM\S2 BUT G5]ALLY ! =M] T]M REF]S TO ! PLANS ( SOCIAL RE=M BAS$ ON OR EMBRAC+ ! DOCTR9E ( A COMPLETE COMMUNITY ( GOODS4 ,COOP]ATION IS UND]/OOD TO BE ?AT BRAN* ( ,SOCIALISM :I* IS 5GAG$ EXCLUSIVELY ) !ORIES ( LABOR & ME?ODS ( DI/RIBUT+ PR(ITS1 & :I* ADVOCATES A COMB9ATION ( MANY TO GA9 ADVANTAGES NOT TO BE REALIZ$ BY 9DIVIDUALS4 ,VIEW$ AS A :OLE1 ,SOCIALI/IC DOCTR9ES HAVE DEALT ) EV]Y?+ ?AT 5T]S 9TO ! LIFE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! FAMILY1 ! ,*UR*1 OR ! ,/ATE1 :E!R 9DU/RIALLY1 MORALLY1 OR SPIRITUALLY47#a#b#a 8 #b#h7  

,UNIV]SAL ,CYCLOPA$IA37#a#b#a 8 #b#i7  

,A SY/EM :I*1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! COMPETITIVE SY/EM AT PRES5T PREVAIL+1 SEEKS TO REORGANIZE SOCIETY ON ! BASIS1 9 ! MA91 ( A C]TA9 SECUL>ISM 9 RELIGION1 ( COMMUNITY ( 9T]E/1 & 9 COOP]ATION 9 LABOR = ! COMMON GOOD47#a#b#a 8 #c7  

,BLACKIE'S ,MOD]N ,CYCLOPA$IA37#a#b#a 8 #c#a7  

,! NAME APPLI$ TO V>I\S !ORIES ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 HAV+ = !IR COMMON AIM ! ABOLITION ( ?AT 9DIVIDUAL ACTION ON :I* MOD]N SOCIETIES DEP5D1 & ! SUB/ITUTION ( A REGULAT$ SY/EM ( COOP]ATIVE ACTION4 ,! WORD ,SOCIALISM1 :I* ORIG9AT$ AMONG ! ,5GLI% ,COMMUNI/S1 & WAS ASSUM$ BY !M TO DESIGNATE !IR [N DOCTR9ES1 IS N[ EMPLOY$ 9 A L>G] S5SE1 NOT NECESS>ILY IMPLY+ ANY SY/EM :I* REQUIRES ?AT ! L& & ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION %ALL BE ! PROP]TY NOT ( 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT ( COMMUNITIES1 OR ASSOCIATIONS1 ) ! VIEW TO AN EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS47#a#b#a 8 #c#b7  

,LALOR'S ,CYCLOPA$IA ( ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CE37#a#b#a 8 #c#c7  

,AN ANALYSIS ( ?IS WORD MAY BE R$UC$ TO ?IS3 ,9 EV]Y HUMAN SOCIETY1 :E!R IT ADVANCES OR RETROGRADES1 MODIFICATIONS MORE OR LESS PR(\ND >E ALWAYS GO+ ON1--MODIFICATIONS :I* >E MORE OR LESS P]CEPTIBLE1 & :I*1 ) OR )\T ! KN[L$GE ( SU* SOCIETY1 ACT UPON ITS ECONOMY4 ,APP>5TLY SU* A SOCIETY REMA9S ! SAME2 BUT 9 REALITY IT IS DAILY AFFECT$ BY *ANGES ( :I* IT BECOMES 5TIRELY CONSCI\S ONLY AFT] TIME HAS FIX$ !M 9 ! HABITS & CU/OMS ( ! PEOPLE1 & M>K$ !M BY ITS SANCTION4 ,?IS IS ! C\RSE ( CIVILIZATIONS :I* >E BE+ P]FECT$1 OR :I* >E DECL9+4 ,! HONOR ( A G5]ATION IS TO ADD SOME?+ TO ! 9H]ITANCE IT HAS RECEIV$1 & TO TRANSMIT IT IMPROV$ TO ! G5]ATION :I* COMES AFT] IT4 ,TO EMPLOY :AT HAS BE5 ACQUIR$ AS AN 9/RUM5T ( NEW ACQUISITION1 TO ADVANCE FROM ! V]IFI$ TO ! UNKN[N1--SU* IS ! IDEA ( PROGRESS AS IT PRES5TS ITSELF TO WELL-ORD]$ M9DS4 ,BUT SU* IS NOT ! IDEA ( ! ,SOCIALI/S4 ,9 !IR EYES ! SITUATION GIV5 IS A FALSE ONE1 & ! PROCESS TOO SIMPLE4 ,RE=MS 9 DETAIL DO NOT SEEM TO !M WOR?Y ( ATT5TION4 ,!Y HAVE PLANS ( !IR [N1 ! FIR/ CONDITION ( :I* IS TO MAKE A TABULA RASA ( EV]Y?+ ?AT EXI/S1 TO CA/ ASIDE EXI/+ LAWS1 MANN]S1 CU/OMS1 & ALL ! GU>ANTEES ( P]SONAL PROP]TY4 ,IT SEEMS TO !M ?AT WE HAVE LIV$ ?US F> UND] ! EMPIRE ( A MISCONCEPTION1 :I* IT IS URG5T %\LD CEASE2 \R GLOBE1 ACCORD+ TO !M1 IS AN ANTICIPAT$ HELL1 & \R CIVILIZATION A CO>SE \TL9E ONLY4 ,:AT IS ! REM$Y8 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE1--TO TRY ! TREATM5T ( :I* ! ,SOCIALI/S HOLD ! SECRET4 ,?AT TREATM5T V>IES ACCORD+ TO ! SECT4 ,!RE >E ,SOCIALI/S ) MILD REM$IES & ,SOCIALI/S ) VIOL5T REM$IES2 ! ONLY DIFFICULTY IS 9 ! *OICE4 ,BUT1 ) ALL !IR DIFF]5CES1 !RE IS ONE PO9T ON :I* !Y AGREE1--! =MAL CONDEMNATION ( HUMAN SOCIETIES AS !Y >E AT PRES5T CON/ITUT$1 & ! NECESSITY ( ]ECT+ ON ! RU9S ( ?+S MORE CON=MABLE TO ! 9/9CTS ( MAN & TO HIS DE/9Y H]E BEL[47#a#b#a 8 #c#d7  

,C5TURY ,DICTION>Y37#a#b#a 8 #c#e7  

,ANY !ORY OR SY/EM ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION :I* W\LD ABOLI%1 5TIRELY OR 9 GREAT P>T1 ! 9DIVIDUAL EF=T & COMPETITION ON :I* MOD]N SOCIETY RE/S1 & SUB/ITUTE = IT COOP]ATIVE ACTION1 W\LD 9TRODUCE A MORE P]FECT & EQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR1 & W\LD MAKE L& & CAPITAL1 AS ! 9/RUM5TS & MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! JO9T POSSESSION ( ! MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY47#a#b#a 8 #c#f7  

,LITTRE'S ,DICTION>Y ( ! ,FR5* ,LANGUAGE37#a#b#a 8 #c#g7  

,A SY/EM :I*1 SUBORD9AT+ POLITICAL RE=MS1 (F]S A PLAN ( SOCIAL RE=MS4 ,COMMUNISM1 ,MUTUALISM1 ,SA9T-,SIMONISM1 ,F\RI]ISM1 >E ,SOCIALISMS47#a#b#a 8 #c#h7  

,POITEV937#a#b#a 8 #c#i7  

,A POLITICAL DOCTR9E T5D+ TO E/ABLI% EGALITAIRE ASSOCIATION AS ! BASIS ( GOV]NM5T47#a#b#a 8 #d7  

,DICTION>Y ( ! ,FR5* ,ACADEMY37#a#b#a 8 #d#a7  

,! DOCTR9E ( ?OSE :O DESIRE TO *ANGE ! CONDITION ( SOCIETY & RECON/RUCT IT ON AN 5TIRELY NEW PLAN47#a#b#a 8 #d#b7  

,CASSELL @& ,CO4'S ,5CYCLOPA$IC ,DICTION>Y 7#a#h#h#g737#a#b#a 8 #d#c7  

,SCI5TIFIC ,SOCIALISM EMBRACES37#a#b#a 8 #d#d7  

,COLLECTIVISM3 ,AN IDEAL ,SOCIALI/IC /ATE ( SOCIETY1 9 :I* ! FUNCTIONS ( ! GOV]NM5T WILL 9CLUDE ! ORGANIZATION ( ALL ! 9DU/RIES ( ! C\NTRY4 ,9 A ,COLLECTIVI/ ,/ATE EV]Y P]SON W\LD BE A ,/ATE (FICIAL1 & ! ,/ATE W\LD BE COEXT5SIVE ) ! :OLE PEOPLE47#a#b#a 8 #d#e7  

,AN>*ISM 7MEAN+ MI/RU/ ( GOV]NM5T & NOT AB&ONM5T ( SOCIAL ORD]7 W\LD SECURE 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY AGA9/ 5CROA*M5T ON ! P>T ( ! ,/ATE 9 ! ,SOCIALI/IC COMMONWEAL?4 ,!Y >E DIVID$ 9TO ,MUTUALI/S1 :O HOPE TO ATTA9 !IR 5DS BY BANKS ( EX*ANGE & FREE CURR5CY1 & ,COMMUNI/S1 :OSE MOTTO IS1 ,FROM EV]Y MAN ACCORD+ TO HIS CAPACITY1 TO EV]Y MAN ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S47#a#b#a 8 #d#f7 
  

,FROM ?IS 9T]E/+ ASSORTM5T ( BROAD-GAUGE & N>R[-GAUGE DEF9ITIONS ! ,AN>*I/S CAN GLEAN AS MU* 5C\RAGEM5T AS ! ,COLLECTIVI/S4 ,NONE ( !M >E AU?ORITATIVE4 ,! MAK]S ( DICTION>IES >E DEP5D5T UPON SPECIALI/S = !IR DEF9ITIONS4 ,A SPECIALI/'S DEF9ITION MAY BE TRUE OR IT MAY BE ]RONE\S4 ,BUT ITS TRU? CANNOT BE 9CREAS$ OR ITS ]ROR DIM9I%$ BY ITS ACCEPTANCE BY ! LEXICOGRAPH]4 ,EA* DEF9ITION MU/ /& ON ITS [N M]ITS4 ,) ?IS REM>K AS A PREFACE1 ,I (F] ONCE MORE ! DEF9ITION ( ,SOCIALISM :I* ,I PR9T$ 9 !SE COLUMNS NE>LY TWO YE>S AGO1 & AM WILL+ TO AM WILL+ TO LEAVE IT TO ! READ] :E!R IT MEETS ! REQUIREM5TS ( A SCI5TIFIC DEF9ITION MORE OR LESS SATISFACTORILY ?AN ! DEF9ITIONS 9 ! DICTION>IES37#a#b#a 8 #d#g7  

,SOCIALISM IS ! BELIEF ?AT ! NEXT IMPORTANT /EP 9 PROGRESS IS A *ANGE 9 MAN'S 5VIRONM5T ( AN ECONOMIC *>ACT] ?AT %ALL 9CLUDE ! ABOLITION ( EV]Y PRIVILEGE :]EBY ! HOLD] ( WEAL? ACQUIRES AN ANTI-SOCIAL P[] TO COMPEL TRIBUTE47#a#b#a 8 #d#h7 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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