,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,HAYWOOD 

,TAGS 3 IRON & /EEL1 F$]ATION ( M9]S1 M5 & WOM51 KNI<TS ( LABOR1 9DU/RIAL & POLITICAL1 /UDY ( SOCIALISM1 AM]ICAN WORK+ PEOPLE1 WOM5 & *ILDR51 WORK OR />VE1 9V5TION ( MA*9ES4 

,TEXT 3 

,=,E,W,O,R,D 

  

,PHOTO BY ,FELIPE ,G>CIA1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,SOCIALISM IS ! FUTURE SY/EM ( 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 ,T[>D IT ,AM]ICA1 ,EUROPE1 ,AU/RALASIA1 ,S\? ,AFRICA & ,JAPAN >E RAPIDLY MOV+4 ,UND] CAPITALISM TODAY ! MA*9ES & O!R MEANS ( WEAL? PRODUCTION >E PRIVATELY [N$4 ,UND] ,SOCIALISM TOMORR[ !Y WILL BE COLLECTIVELY [N$4 ,UND] CAPITALISM ALL POPUL> CON/ITUTIONAL GOV]NM5T IS M]ELY POLITICAL4 ,ITS MA9 PURPOSE IS ! PROTECTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 ,9DU/RY IS AT PRES5T GOV]N$ BY A FEW TYRANTS4 ,ITS PURPOSE IS TO TAKE FROM ! WORK]S AS MU* WEAL? AS POSSIBLE4 ,UND] ,SOCIALISM 9DU/RIAL GOV]NM5T AS WELL AS POLITICAL GOV]NM5T WILL BE DEMOCRATIC4 ,ITS PURPOSE WILL BE TO MANAGE PRODUCTION & TO E/ABLI% & CONDUCT ! GREAT SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS REQUIR$ BY CIVILIZ$ HUMANITY4 ,POLITICAL GOV]NM5T WILL !N1 ( C\RSE1 HAVE CEAS$ TO EXI/4 

,?IS BOOKLET IS PRIM>ILY AN 9TRODUCTION TO ! /UDY ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,ITS TITLE HAS BE5 *OS5 ADVIS$LY4 ,BUT ! AU?ORS HAVE ALSO 9 M9D A SECOND PURPOSE4 ,:ILE !RE HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ A NUMB] ( BOOKLETS ) ! CONT5TS ( :I* !Y >E 9 5TIRE AGREEM5T1 NONE HAS YET APPE>$ 9 ,5GLI% :I* ATTEMPTS TO COV] ! :OLE MATT] ( ,SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLES & TACTICS FROM ! 9DU/RIAL /&PO9T4 ,! PO9T ( VIEW ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM IS TO !M ! MO/ ESS5TIAL FACTOR 9 ! /UDY ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,)\T ?AT ! :OLE LIT]ATURE ( ECONOMICS1 POLITICS & HI/ORY IS 5TIRELY WOR?LESS TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,) IT ! ,SOCIALI/ $UCATION ( ! WORK]S BEG9S4 ,! AU?ORS >E CON/ANTLY PRES5T+ ?IS PO9T ( VIEW FROM ! RO/RUM4 ,?IS BOOKLET MAKES IT ACCESSIBLE TO ALL ?OSE :O WI% TO UND]/& IT4 

,I-,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,S,L,A,V,],Y 

,! ,MO/ ,WOND]FUL ,?+ 9 ! ,WORLD4-,! MO/ WOND]FUL ?+ 9 ! WORLD TODAY IS NOT AT ALL 0GR&10 0BEAUTIFUL10 NOR 09SPIR+40 ,IT IS ! MO/ T]RIBLE AS WELL AS ! MO/ WOND]FUL ?+ 9 ! WORLD4 ,AT FIR/ IT EXCITES ONLY FE> & HORROR4 ,WE DO NOT H]E MEAN SOME FRI<TFUL E>?QUAKE1 NOR PLAGUE ( DISEASE1 NOR W>4 ,! MO/ WOND]FUL & T]RIBLE FACT 9 ! WORLD IS ! PRES5T CONDITION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES #c11 PEOPLE WORK = O!R PEOPLE1 TO :OM !Y PAY MORE ?AN TWO-?IRDS ( !IR PRODUCT = ! PRIVILEGE ( WORK+4 

,!SE WORK+ PEOPLE HAVE USUALLY NO?+ AT ALL TO SAY AS REG>DS ! AM\NT !Y RECEIVE1 ! CONDITIONS ( !IR LABOR & :5 !Y %ALL BE AT WORK & :5 AT LEISURE4 ,!Y >E P]MITT$ TO LIVE 9 ?IS C\NTRY ONLY SO LONG AS ! FEW CAPITALI/S 9 IT GIVE !M WORK & ?US P]MIT !M TO /AY4 

,! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRODUCE MORE WEAL? 9 ONE YE> ?AN WAS EV] PRODUC$ 9 ANY O!R NATION 9 ! SAME P]IOD 9 ! WORLD'S HI/ORY4 ,BUT !SE WORK]S >E BECOM+ ?9N]1 %ORT]1 WEAK] -?AT IS1 !Y HAVE LESS LIFE-?AN ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE ( FIFTY YE>S AGO4 

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES #g#e1 WORK]S >E KILL$ & W\ND$ 9 ! %OPS & M9ES & ON ! RAILROADS EV]Y YE>4 

,! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! TOIL]S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DIE PREMATURE DEA?S ( DISEASES CAUS$ BY OV]WORK1 BY UND]FE$+ & DISEASES CAUS$ BY DIRT-DIRT 9 !AIR1 DIRT 9 ! DR9K+ WAT]1 DIRT & POISON 9 ! WORK]S' FOOD4 

,! IDLE RI* ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WA/E MORE WEAL? ?AN ANY O!R IDLE RI* CLASS HAVE WA/$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! WORLD4 ,ONE WOMAN SP5DS @s#a#b#g1 A YE> = 0CLO?+40 ,DOGS :I* CO/ @s#a1 OR @s#a#e1 >E N[ FA%IONABLE AS PETS AMONG ! RI*4 ,! IDLE RI* ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IMPORT ANNUALLY NE>LY @s#d11 WOR? ( PRECI\S /ONES4 ,MANY ( !M HAVE1 BESIDE A GREAT MANSION 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,*ICAGO1 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 & ONE OR MORE L>GE C\NTRY E/ATES H]E1 A T[N H\SE 9 ,P>IS OR ,LONDON1 & A C\NTRY E/ATE OR TWO 9 ,5GL& OR ,FRANCE4 ,= ALL ?IS !Y PRODUCE NO?+4 ,!IR TIME IS OCCUPI$ SP5D+ ! MILLIONS O!RS HAVE PRODUC$4 

,! GREAT WEAL? ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BE5 CREAT$ BY ITS TOIL]S ALONE4 ,IT IS BE+ WA/$ BY ITS IDL]S4 ,! WORK+ PEOPLE >E SWEAT+1 />V+ & DY+4 

,! MO/ WOND]FUL ?+ 9 ! WORLD IS ! FACT ?AT ?IS GREAT WORK+ CLASS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 #c11 /RONG1 %\LD SO PEACEABLY & QUIETLY GO ON 9 ! SAME OLD WAY4 

,! ,L,I,F,E ,( ,! ,W,O,R,K,] 

,! AV]AGE WAGE E>N] ( TODAY IS BORN ( POOR P>5TS :O WORK = A LIV+4 ,!SE MAY BE 0WELL PAID0 OR 0POORLY PAID40 ,?AT IS1 ! FA!R MAY RECEIVE @s#e4 A DAY & KEEP HIS FAMILY 9 A COM=TABLE COTTAGE4 ,HE MAY RECEIVE ONLY @s#a4#g#e P] DAY & BE (T5 \T ( A JOB4 ,!N ! MO!R & ! OLD] *ILDR5 MU/ WORK 9 ORD] TO GET 5\< = ! FAMILY TO LIVE UPON4 ,9 EI!R CASE1 SOON] OR LAT]1 ! *ILDR5 ( ! WAGE WORK] HUNT = JOBS ( !IR [N4 

,:5 ! WORK] GETS HIS FIR/ JOB ! WORLD AB\?IM TAKES (F ITS MASK4 ,HE SEES IT AS IT IS4 ,H\RS >E LONG & MO/ WORK IS MONOTON\S4 ,ANY *ILD OR Y\NG P]SON NATURALLY V]Y MU* DISLIKES ?IS FIR/ H>% EXP]I5CE ( ! WORLD ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,HIS GAMES & FUN-MAK+ >E GIV5 UP4 ,HIS PHYSICAL GR[? IS /UNT$ & HIS M9D DW>F$ MORE OR LESS4 ,LONG AGO NE>LY ALL ( ! Y\NG M5 :O W5T TO WORK = WAGES1 BEGAN BY LE>N+ A TRADE4 ,?IS TRADE WAS V]Y (T5 EXTREMELY 9T]E/+ TO !M4 ,IT $UCAT$ !IR M9DS & DEVELOP$ !IR BODIES4 ,IF !Y W]E APPR5TIC$ AT EI<TE51 !N1 P]HAPS AT TW5TY ONE1 !Y W]E SURE ( /EADY WORK & GOOD WAGES4 ,TODAY V]Y FEW ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE LE>N A TRADE4 ,!Y WORK 9 SOME FACTORY1 /ORE OR (FICE AT TASKS :I* !Y P]=M AS WELL 9 A MON? AS !Y DO 9 T5 YE>S4 ,IF ! Y\NG WAGE E>N] IS VIGOR\S 9 M9D & BODY HE REVOLTS AT ?IS LABOR & MAKES A DESP]ATE /RUGGLE TO SECURE AN $UCATION OR O!RWISE MAKE IT POSSIBLE = HIMSELF TO RISE \T ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! /RONG] & HEAL?I] HIS BODY & ! KE5] HIS M9D1 ! H>D] DOES HE FI<T4 ,BUT HE F9DS1 EXCEPT 9 V]Y R>E 9/ANCES1 ?AT ! DOORS ( OPPORTUNITY >E CLOS$ TO ! *ILDR5 ( ! WORK]S4 

,IF ! Y\NG WORK] LE>NS ONE ( ! TRADES :I* /ILL REMA9 9 MOD]N 9DU/RY1 HE F9DS AFT] HE HAS LE>N$ IT ?AT IT ALSO IS BE+ ABOLI%$ BY ! 9V5TION ( NEW MA*9]Y4 ,HE MAY GO TO NI<T S*OOL & COMPLETE A C\RSE ( /UDY1 OR TAKE A CORRESPOND5CE C\RSE 9 ME*ANICS OR SOME O!R =M ( APPLI$ SCI5CE4 ,IF HE DOES HE WILL DISCOV] ?AT HIS KN[L$GE1 GOTT5 AT SU* SACRIFICE ( TIME1 SAV+S & EF=T1 WILL NOT RAISE HIS WAGES4 ,!RE >E N[ SO MANY $UCAT$ POOR PEOPLE ?AT !IR PAY IS ON ! AV]AGE MU* LESS ?AN ?AT ( SKILL$ WORK]S 9 ! TRADES4 ,ANO!R HOPE ( ! Y\NG WORK]S1 M5 & WOM51 IS TO SAVE MONEY & />T 9 SOME SMALL BUS9ESS4 ,O!RS HAVE RIS5,I & BECOME WEAL?Y4 ,:Y NOT !Y8 ,SO1 BY GIV+ UP ALL PLEASURES1 BY OV]WORK & PITIFUL ECONOMIES1 DOES ! Y\NG WORK] MAKE HIS />T 9 BUS9ESS4 ,IF HE HAS BE5 =TUNATE 5\< NOT TO LOSE HIS MONEY ?R\<1 SOME BANK SW9DLE1 HE AT LA/1 AFT] YE>S ( EF=T1 TRIES HIS LUCK4 ,! BE/ DATA WE HAVE %[ ?AT MORE ?AN N9E-T5?S ( ?OSE :O 5GAGE 9 SMALL BUS9ESS FAIL UTT]LY4 ,! SMALL PORTION :O 0SUCCE$0 DO SO BY WORK+ NI<T & DAY1 ,SUNDAYS & HOLIDAYS4 ,EV5 !Y MAKE BUT MEAG] LIV+S1 NO BETT] ON ! AV]AGE ?AN ! WAGE-WORK]S4 

,! HE>TS & M9DS ( NE>LY ALL Y\NG ,AM]ICAN WORK+ PEOPLE >E FULL ( HOPE4 ,!Y CANNOT CONCEIVE ?AT IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE = !M TO TOIL ON ?R\<\T !IR LIFETIME '= SMALL WAGES & EV]Y DAY F9D ! WORK GETT+ H>D]4 ,!Y DO NOT AT FIR/ REALIZE :AT IT IS TO BE A WAGE-WORK]4 ,!Y >E UNM>RI$ & H5CE (T5 HAVE A LITTLE MORE MONEY ?AN IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO KEEP !M4 ,?IS ! Y\NG WORK]S USUALLY SP5D = GOOD CLO!S & = AN OCCASIONAL HOLIDAY4 ,! DAILY GR9D ( LABOR HAS NOT YET DEAD5$ !IR M9DS NOR CRU%$ !IR SPIRITS4 ,PLANS = ADVANCEM5T >E CON/ANTLY BE+ =M$4 

,!N COME M>RIAGE & RESPONSIBILITY = A FAMILY4 ,P]HAPS ! C>E ( AG$ P>5TS ADDS TO ! BURD54 ,9 ANY CASE BY ! TIME ! WORK] IS TW5TY-FIVE YE>S ( AGE HE HAS LO/ HIS GRIP ON HIS HOPE = SOME?+ BETT]4 ,AT ?IRTY1 ) GR[+ BURD5S1 HE GETS TO BE QUITE CONT5T TO WORK ALONG DAY BY DAY )\T LOOK+ =W>D TO ANY?+ BUT HIS ,SATURDAY PAY 5VELOPE4 ,HE IS LIKELY TO BE AFFLICT$ BY SOME *RONIC ILLNESS DUE TO ! NATURE ( HIS WORK OR ! 9SANIT>Y CONDITION ( HIS FACTORY OR HOME4 ,P]HAPS ILLNESS 9 HIS FAMILY1 OR ! BIR? ( A NUMB] ( *ILDR51 SO 9CREASE HIS BURD5 ?AT HIS /RUGGLE BECOMES A PITILESS DAILY CONFLICT TO LIVE4,AT ?IRTY-FIVE YE>S ( AGE !SE CONDITIONS1 C\PL$ ) OCCASIONAL UNEMPLOYM5T1 DRIVE ! WORK] (T5 TO DESPAIR4 ,BUT LAT] HE GETS US$ TO IT4 ,POOR FOOD1 %ODDY CLO?+1 A %ACK TO LIVE 91 UNEMPLOYM5T-!SE >E HIS LOT 9 LIFE & HE MAKES ! BE/ ( IT4 ,! OLD SAY+ ( ! POET1 0,HOPE SPR+S ET]NAL 9 ! HUMAN BREA/10 IS NOT AT ALL TRUE ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( TODAY4 ,9 !M HOPE DIES4 ,AT =TY OR FIFTY YE>S ( AGE ! AV]AGE WORK] PLODS ALONG RA!R C>ELESSLY4 ,IF HE SUFF]S AN 9JURY 9 ! FACTORY HE EATS )\T WORRY ! BREAD ( *>ITY4 :I*1 TW5TY YE>S BE=E1 HE W\LD HAVE DESPIS$4 LIE KN[S ?AT HE CANNOT $UCATE HIS *ILDR54 LIE MAY SEE !M GO E>LY TO WORK & 9JURE !IR HEAL?4 ,BUT HE IS SO HAPPY TO RECEIVE !IR WEEKLY WAGE TO HELP \T AT HOME ?AT HE =GETS ?AT !Y >E Y\NG & %\LD BE AT PLAY OR AT S*OOL4 

,?IS MAN IS EXACTLY :AT ! [N]S & RUL]S ( ,AM]ICA N[ WI% HIM TO BE4 ,HE IS /RONG 5\< TO DO ! WORK !Y WANT DONE4 ,HE DOES NOT DEM& VACATIONS & AMUSEM5T1 A BETT] HOME & $UCATION = HIS *ILDR54 ,SO HE WILL NOT /RIKE = MORE WAGES4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK+ PEOPLE OV] =TY YE>S ( AGE CANNOT BE MADE TO UND]/& !IR CONDITION4 ,LIFE = !M HAS LO/ ALL LI<T & BEAUTY & H5CE ALL DESIRE = MORE ( ITS GOOD ?+S4 ,QUITE AS HOPELESS IS ! '/ATE ( M9D ( SOME ( ! Y\NG] WORK]S4 ,A PORTION ( !SE1 BORN ( P>5TS BROK5 ,& WE>Y FROM WORK1 & !MSELVES UND]F$ & S5T E>LY TO FACTORIES1 >E AS C>ELESS AB\T !IR CONDITIONS ( LIFE AS >E !IR P>5TS4 ,BUT ) A MAJORITY ( ! Y\NG & A CONSID]ABLE M9ORITY ( ! OLD] FOLKS ?IS IS NOT TRUE4 ,!Y WANT MORE WAGES & LESS WORK4 ,!Y DESIRE RE/ & LEISURE1 A *ANCE TO KN[ !IR FAMILY & FRI5DS BETT]1 & AN OCCASIONAL VACATION 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,!Y WI% TO READ1 HE> GOOD MUSIC& GO TO !AT]S4 ,ABOVE ALL !Y CRAVE BETT] FOOD & MORE ( IT & !Y KN[ ?AT !IR LIMBS >E /IFF BECAUSE ( ! LACK ( 5\< RE/ & EX]CISE4 

,TO SU*1 & SU* ONLY1 >E ! FOLL[+ PAGES ADDRESS$4 ,?OSE :O >E UTT]LY BROK5 9 BODY & DECAY$ 9 M9D1 ?OSE :O >E DEAD5$ BEYOND BE+ MOV$ BY ! FACTS ( LIFE1 ?OSE :O ?9K ?AT !Y SOMEH[ DES]VE ALL ! LABOR & PA9 & MIS]Y ( ! WORLD & ?AT A FEW O!RS %\LD 5JOY PL5TY & PEACE & OPPORTUNITY1 WE E>NE/LY REQUE/ TO AT ONCE PASS ?IS BOOKLET ALONG TO SOMEONE ELSE4 ,= IT CAN BE ( NO 9T]E/ TO !MSELVES4 

,WE SEE TODAY A WORK+ CLASS B[$ D[N BY LABOR4 ,WE SEE IT />V$ BY POV]TY4 ,WE SEE ALL ITS EF=TS TO IMPROVE ITS CONDITION MET BY BL[S 9 ! FACE4 ,WE SEE BABIES DY+ BECAUSE !IR P>5TS CANNOT SUPPORT !M4 ,WE SEE T5D] *ILDR5 5SLAV$ BECAUSE !Y TOIL = L[ WAGES4 ,WE SEE /RONG M5 COMMITT+ CRIMES BECAUSE !Y CANNOT F9D MA/]S4 ,WE SEE ! AG$1 AFT] LIVES ( LONG & LOV+ S]VICE1 BEGG+ = BREAD & CRAV+ DEA?4 

,SOCIALISM IS A MESSAGE ( HOPE4 ,IT IS ADDRESS$ TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT WILL SAVE ! WORK+ CLASS1 OR RA!R1 %[ ! WORK+ CLASS H[ TO SAVE ITSELF4 ,! WORLD DOES NOT NE$ TO BE CURS$ BY LONG LABOR1 BY L[ WAGES1 BY />VATION1 BY WORRY1 & BY DISEASE4 ,MILLIONS N[ KN[ ?AT !SE CONDITIONS MAY BE COMPLETELY *ANG$4 ,:5 5\< ( ! WORK]S UND]/& ,SOCIALISM1 BELIEVE 9 IT1 & >E FIRMLY RESOLV$ TO HAVE IT1 ! TIME WILL BE RIPE = ! *ANGE4 ,?AT *ANGE IS COM+4 ,IT IS COM+ SOON ,EV]Y ADD$ RECRUIT :O WILL READ & ?9K4 BR+S IT NE>]4 

0,ON WE M>* !N1 WE ! WORK]S & ! RUMOR ?AT YE HE> ,IS ! BL5D$ S\ND ( BATTLE & DELIV'RANCE DRAW+ NE>2 ,= ! HOPE ( EV]Y CREATURE IS ! BANN] ?AT WE BE>1 ,& ! WORLD IS M>*+ ON40  

,I,I-,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,P,R,O,G,R,E,S,S 

,! ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY ,SUP]/ITION4-,! WORK+ CLASS IS TODAY 5SLAV$ *IEFLY BECAUSE IT DOES NOT UND]/& ! CONDITIONS ( ITS LIFE & LABOR4 ,A FEW RI* PEOPLE [N ! L&S & MA*9ES4 ,! MANY LABOR & HAVE NO?+4 ,?IS EV]Y WORK] KN[S4 ,BUT :Y IS ?IS SO8 ,H[ LONG HAS IT BE5 ?US8 ,H[ LONG IS IT LIKELY TO CONT9UE8 ,& MO/ IMPORTANT ( ALL1 :AT >E ! WORK]S GO+ TO DO 9 ORD] TO HELP !MSELVES8 ,:5 WE ASK !SE QUE/IONS1 WE F9D ?AT V]Y FEW WORK]S CAN GIVE A CLE> & SATISFACTORY ANSW]4 ,ONLY :5 !Y CAN ANSW] !SE QUE/IONS WILL ! FIR/ GREAT /EP T[>D A BETT] CONDITION HAVE BE5 TAK54 

,! ,/ORY ( ! ,ISL&4-,LET US SIMPLIFY ! PROBLEM4 ,IMAG9E ?AT1 9/EAD ( CONT9U+ TO WORK H]E 9 ,AM]ICA AMONG ! #c1#f1 WORK]S ON ?IS GREAT CONT95T1 T5 WORK]S %\LD GO (F TO AN UN9HABIT$ TROPICAL ISL& :I* IS ONLY T5 SQU>E MILES 9 >EA4 ,!RE !Y W\LD NOT NE$ EXP5SIVE H\SES & CLO?+1 NOR W\LD !Y HAVE TO LAY BY GREAT SUPPLIES ( FOOD = ! W9T]4 ,A V]Y SMALL AM\NT ( LABOR W\LD BE 5\< TO SUPPORT A FAMILY4 ,N[ LET US SUPPOSE ?AT :5 ! T5 W5T A%ORE ON ?AT ISL&1 ONE ( !IR NUMB] %\LD /EP =W>D & SAY3 

0,?IS IS MY ISL&4 ,I HOLD H]E A DOCUM5T :I* PROVES IT4 ,?IS DOCUM5T WAS RECEIV$ BY MY GREATGREAT-GR&FA!R FROM '! ,K+ ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 9 #a#g#f4 ,( C\RSE ! ,K+ NEV] SAW ! ISL&1 NEI!R DID MY GREAT-GREAT-GR&FA!R4 ,BUT ,I AM HIS ONLY LIV+ HEIR4 ,SO ! ISL& IS ALL M9E4 ,! LAW P]MITS ME TO DO ) IT :AT ,I WI%4 ,I AM NOT GO+ TO DRIVEY\ AWAY4 ,9 FACT1 ,I %ALL NOT /AY MYSELF UNLESS Y\ DO4 ,I SEE ?AT Y\ HAVE TOOLS ) :I* TO CULTIVATE ! SOIL4 ,GO TO WORK AT ONCE4 ,I %ALL *>GE Y\ = R5T ONLY ?REE-F\R?S ( :AT Y\ PRODUCE4 ,?AT IS1 IF ANY ( Y\ PRODUCE A HUNDR$-BU%ELS ( SWEET POTATOES1 ,I %ALL TAKE SEV5TY-FIVE & LEAVE Y\ TW5TY-FIVE1 ,EA* ( Y\ WILL NE$ ALL ?AT IS LEFT Y\1 BUT ( C\RSE ,I %ALL NOT NE$ ALL ?AT ,I RECEIVE4 ,I %ALL BE PAID AS R5T TW5TY-SEV5 TIMES AS MU* AS ANY ( Y\ >E P]MITT$ TO KEEP4 ,I %ALL USE ( ?IS ONE P>T1 & S5D TW5TY-SIX P>TS TO ,AM]ICA4 ,!RE IT WILL BE SOLD & = ! MONEY ,I %ALL BUY MA*9ES4 ,:5 ! MA*9ES COME Y\ NE$ NO LONG] PAY ME R5T4 ,EA* ( Y\ WILL !N PRODUCE #a1 BU%ELS4 ,9/EAD ( LETT+ Y\ KEEP TW5TY-FIVE BU%ELS1 AS ,I DID :5 Y\ R5T$ ! L& ( ME1 ,I %ALL PAY Y\ ONLY 5\< MONEY TO BUY BACK FIFTE5 BU%ELS4 ,IF Y\ DO NOT WI% TO WORK = ME Y\ NE$ NOT4 ,Y\ WILL /ILL BE FREE CITIZ5S ( ?IS ISL&4 ,?OSE :O ?9K ,I AM NOT LEAV+ !M 5\< MAY /OP WORK+4 ,!RE IS ! SEA4 ,Y\ MAY JUMP 9TO IT4 ,9 ?AT CASE ,I CAN GET PL5TY O!RS FROM ! CITIES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :O WILL GLADLY COME H]E & TAKE Y\R PLACES4 ,I %ALL1 H[EV]1 AT ONCE MAKE ONE ( Y\ A POLICEMAN1 :O WILL CLUB ! REMA9D] ( Y\ & IMPRISON Y\ IF Y\ GET TO BE UNRULY & DISOBEY ! LAWS ,I MAKE4 ,I %ALL V]Y SOON BR+ A LAWY] H]E4 ,HE WILL TEA* Y\ TO RESPECT ?IS HOLY DOCUM5T ,I HOLD 9 MY H&4 ,IT IS ! F\NDATION ( \R PROP]TY & ( \R LIB]TIES4 ,! FIR/ TASK TO BE P]=M$ IS TO BUILD ME A MANSION ON ! HILL4 ,AFT] ?AT1 IF !RE BE ANY TIMB] LEFT1 Y\ MAY BUILD Y\RSELF SOME %ACKS H]E ON ! BEA*40 

,SO SITUAT$ ! PROP]TYLESS WORK]S W\LD QUICKLY UND]/& !IR CONDITION4 ,UNLESS !Y W]E B]EFT ( REASON BY RESPECT = ! PROP]TY RI<TS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 !Y W\LD SIMPLY LAU< AT ! DOCUM5T & ITS [N]4 ,!Y W\LD PROBABLY GO TO WORK = !MSELVES1 EA* TAK+ HIS :OLE PRODUCT & LEAV+ ! 0[N]0 ONLY :AT HE HIMSELF PRODUC$4 

,NOR? ,AM]ICA ,NO ,DIFF]5T4-,! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA >E 9 MU* ! SAME CONDITION AS ! N9E WORK]S ON ! ISL& W\LD HAVE BE5 HAD !Y QUIETLY CONS5T$ TO BECOME 5SLAV$4 ,BUT ! ISL& WAS V]Y SMALL & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA IS V]Y GREAT4 ,! ISL& HAD T5 PEOPLE1 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA HAS MORE ?AN #a114 ,ON ! ISL& !RE WAS BUT ONE OLD WORM-EAT5 PAP] :I* E/ABLI%$ ! [N]'S RI<T TO PROP]TY 9 ! L&4 ,9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ! WORK]S BEHOLD A GREAT MASS ( LAWS1 OLD & NEW1 :I* !Y HAVE BE5 C>EFULLY TAU<T TO RESPECT & OBEY4 ,!SE LAWS W]E MADE BY ! POLITICAL & LEGAL S]VANTS ( ! MA/]S4 ,!Y W]E CREAT$ = ! PURPOSE ( PROTECT+ PROP]TY :I* EXI/$ LONG BE=E ! LAW GAVE ! [N]S A 0RI<T0 TO IT4 ,YET ALL ! RI<TS :I* ! CAPITALI/S CLAIM >E BAS$ ON !SE LAWS4 ,AS SOON AS ! WORK]S DET]M9E TO ABOLI% !M1 OR IGNORE !M1 ! CAPITALI/S' 0RI<T0 TO :AT ! WORK]S HAVE PRODUC$ WILL CEASE TO EXI/4 

,IF ?IS SEEMS V]Y /RANGE & H>D TO UND]/& IT IS BECAUSE ( ! GREAT >EA & POPULATION ( ,AM]ICA & ! LONG TIME IT HAS TAK5 TO CREATE ! PRES5T GIGANTIC SY/EM ( 9DU/RY ) ITS PROTECT+ LAWS & GOV]NM5T4 ,SO ! FIR/ MATT] TO DEAL ) & UND]/& IS ! NATURE ( ?IS SY/EM ( 9DU/RY4 

,! ,G,R,[,? ,( ,! ,M,A,*,9,E ,P,R,O,C,E,S,S 

,H[ HAVE \R M9ES & FACTORIES & RAILROADS COME TO BE JU/ :AT !Y >E8 ,!RE WAS A TIME 9 ,AM]ICA :5 EV]Y Y\NG MAN C\LD />T \T & MAKE A LIV+ = HIMSELF )\T BEGG+ WORK FROM SOME ONE:O HAD IT TO (F]4 ,! COBBL] [N$ HIS %OP & SMALL TOOLS4 ,! C>P5T] BUILT ! COBBL]'S %OP & ! COBBL] M5D$ ! C>P5T]'S %OES4 ,?IS WAS A FAIR EX*ANGE ( LABOR4 ,NO ONE WAS ROBB$4 ,H[ DIFF]5T IT IS TODAY4 ,! %OE WORK]S 9 SOME ( \R L>GE FACTORIES MAKE ON ! AV]AGE TWELVE PAIRS ( %OES = EA* WORK] 9 A DAY1 BUT !Y GET ONLY ! PRICE ( ONE1 OR LESS1 AS WAGES4 ,! C>P5T]S BUILD MANSIONS = ! RI* & LIVE 9 MIS]ABLE T5EM5TS1 :I* >E ALSO [N$ BY ?OSE SAME RI*4 ,H[ DID ALL ?IS COME AB\T8 

,FROM ,H& ,LABOR TO ,MA*9E ,LABOR4-,! /ORY ( ! PA/ IS ONE LONG TALE ( CON/ANT *ANGES 9 HUMAN LABOR & HUMAN LIFE4 ,MORE ( !SE *ANGES OCCURR$ 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ?AN 9 ANY O!R C5TURY 9 HUMAN EXI/5CE4 ,GREAT] *ANGES OCCURR$ 9 ,AM]ICA DUR+ ?IS C5TURY ?AN 9 ANY O!R C\NTRY4 ,9 ,AM]ICA !Y W]E1 9 FACT1 SO GREAT & F>-REA*+ 9 !IR EFFECTS ?AT ! COM+ *ANGE TO ,SOCIALISM WILL NOT BE1 9 ITSELF1 NE>LY SO WOND]FUL4 ,TO BEG9 )1 9 #agi ! POPULATION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES NUMB]$ LESS ?AN #d11 ,NE>LY ALL !SE PEOPLE LIV$ ON A N>R[ /RIP ( L& ALONG ! ,ATLANTIC COA/4 ,9 #aia ! POPULATION HAD SPREAD OV] ! :OLE CONT95T4 ,9 ?IS %ORT P]IOD ( TIME ,NOR? ,AM]ICA WAS WON FROM ! WILD]NESS & TURN$ 9TO A NATION ( F>MS1 FACTORIES & RAILROADS4 ,IT WAS SURELY A GREAT] TASK = ! ,AM]ICAN WORK+ PEOPLE TO CONQU] ! WILD]NESS ?AN IT WILL BE = !IR DESC5DANTS ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY TO RECONQU] ,AM]ICA FROM ! FEW CAPITALI/S :O HAVE TAK5 IT FROM !M4 ,BUT ?IS GREAT *ANGE BR\<T AB\T BY ! WORK]S ( ! LA/ C5TURY C\LD NOT HAVE TAK5 PLACE HAD IT NOT BE5 = A *ANGE 9 ! ME?ODS ( WORK :I* EV]Y:]E CAME ) IT4 ,WE REF] TO ! *ANGE FROM H& LABOR TO MA*9E LABOR4 

,?IS WAS ! MO/ IMPORTANT REVOLUTION ?AT ! WORLD HAS EV] KN[N4 ,WE MU/ RELATE BRIEFLY H[ IT TOOK PLACE 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,= UNLESS IT IS UND]/OOD1 ,SOCIALISM & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T CANNOT BE UND]/OOD4 

,CLO?-,MAK+4-,BE=E ! YE> #ah MO/ ( TILE CLO? WORN 9 ,AM]ICA WAS SPUN & WOV5 9 ! HOMES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,A F>M] W\LD [N A FEW %EEP & HIMSELF CLIP !IR WOOL4 ,HIS WIFE & DAU<T]S !N TOOK ?IS WOOL1 CLEAN$1 SPUN & C>D$ IT1 & WOVE IT 9TO CLO?4 ,( ! CLO? !Y MADE CLO?+ = ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! FAMILY4 ,?US NO CAPITALI/ WAS P]MITT$ TO TAKE A L>GE P>T ( !IR PRODUCT = P]MITT+ !M TO WORK4 

,TWO MA*9ES BR\<T AB\T A GREAT *ANGE 9 ?IS IMPORTANT WORK4 ,! FIR/ WAS ! SP9N+ MA*9E1 :I* WAS 9V5T$ 9 ,5GL& 9 #a#g#f#d4 ,A WEAV] NAM$ ,H>GREAVES1 :O C\LD NEI!R READ NOR WRITE1 GOT ! IDEA & SUCCESSFULLY WORK$ IT \T4 ,IT WAS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT 9V5TIONS ( ALL HI/ORY & !RE=E ,H>GREAVES WAS ONE ( ! GREATE/ M5 :O EV] LIV$4 ,BUT ! HI/ORIANS HAVE NOT BE5 MU* 9T]E/$ 9 :AT ! WORK+ PEOPLE HAVE DONE1 AL?\< !Y HAVE DONE ALMO/ EV]Y?+ WOR? :ILE 9 ! WORLD4 

,?IS MA*9E WAS IMPROV$ BY O!RS & F9ALLY BR\<T TO A /ATE ( GREAT P]FECTION4 ,! FIR/ ,AM]ICAN FACTORY TO USE COTTON SP9N+ MA*9]Y WAS BUILT 9 ,RHODE ,ISL& 9 #a#g#i#a4 ,!SE FACTORIES W\LD PROBABLY HAVE NOT BE5 V]Y SUCCESSFUL 9 ,AM]ICA HAD IT NOT BE5 = ANO!R IMPORTANT MA*9E 9V5T$ 9 #a#g#i#c4 ,?IS WAS ,:ITNEY'S COTTON-G94 ,LIKE ,H>GREAVES1 & NE>LY ALL O!R 9V5TORS1 ,:ITNEY WAS A POOR MAN1 BE+ A S*OOL TEA*]4 ,HE DI$ POOR4 ,! COTTON-G9 MADE IT POSSIBLE TO RAISE COTTON OV] ! :OLE ( ! ,S\!RN /ATES4 ,IT WAS PROBABLY ! MO/ IMPORTANTMA*9E EV] 9V5T$ 9 ,AM]ICA1 AS IT GAVE LONG LIFE TO *ATTEL SLAV]Y & ?US BR\<T AB\T ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,!SE MA*9ES MADE COTTON & COTTON CLO? *EAP4 ,! :OLE 9DU/RY ( CLO?-MAK+ WAS TAK5 FROM ! HOMES TO FACTORIES4 ,9 #ahd !RE W]E ONLY F\R TEXTILE MILLS 9 OP]ATION4 ,9 #ahaa !RE W]E #hg MILLS1 ) #h1 SP9DLES & #d1 WAGE-WORK]S4 ,9 #ahae !RE W]E #g#f1 WORK]S 9 ! TEXTILE FACTORIES4 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T WAS BR\<T AB\T PRACTICALLY BY ! ,W> ( #ahab & ! TR\BLE ) ,GREAT ,BRITA9 LEAD+ UP TO IT1 :I* KEPT ,BRITI% GOODS \T ( ! ,AM]ICAN M>KET4 ,S9CE ?AT TIME ?IS 9DU/RY HAS GR[N WOND]FULLY4 ,! MA*9ES HAVE BE5 CON/ANTLY IMPROV$4 ,AT FIR/ IT TOOK A WORK] TO T5D EA* MA*9E4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME MU* ( ! COTTON & WOOL IS SPUN & WOV5 ALMO/ AUTOMATICALLY4 ,9 SOME CASES ! WORK] T5DS TWELVE MA*9ES1 ! PRODUCT ( !SE BE+ #c Y>DS ( CLO? A DAY4 ,IT WAS ( A GREAT B5EFIT TO ! CAPITALI/S ?AT WOM5 & *ILDR5 C\LD OP]ATE TEXTILE MA*9]Y4 '1,?IS MADE WAGES L[ & PR(ITS L>GE4 ,& :]E WAGES >E L[ & PR(ITS >E L>GE WE HAVE A HEAV5 = ! CAPITALI/ & A HELL = ! WAGE-WORK]4 ,H\RS >E USUALLY LONG-T5 H\RS A DAY BE+ ! RULE 9 ! ,NOR? & TWELVE H\RS 9 ! ,S\?4 ,9 ! ,S\? T5S ( ?\S&S ( V]Y SMALL *ILDR51 MANY UND] EI<T YE>S ( AGE1 >E EMPLOY$ 9 ?IS 9DU/RY4 ,9 SOME CASES WAGES >E SO L[ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ TAKES MORE 9 PR(ITS EV]Y YE> ?AN HIS :OLE PLANT IS WOR?4 ,A GREAT MANY K9DS ( CLO? >E N[ MADE BY MA*9ES4 ,! WORK]S PRODUCE SILKS & F9E WOOL5S = !IR IDLE MA/]S4 ,= !MSELVES !Y BUY1 ) !IR SMALL WAGES1 *EAP COTTONS & %ODDY GOODS MADE \T ( OLD RAGS4 

,WORK+ PEOPLE 9V5T$ PRACTICALLY ALL ( ! MA*9ES1 ,WORK+ PEOPLE RAISE ALL ( ! COTTON &WOOL4 ,WORK+ PEOPLE MANUFACTURE ! CLO?4 ,BUT ! IDLE CAPITALI/S [N ! MA*9ES4 ,?AT IS ! CAUSE ( ! GREAT 9JURY DONE ! WORK]S4 

,P[] ,MA*9]Y4-,:O %ALL DO ! WORK8 ,WE HAVE ALREADY ASK$ & P>TIALLY ANSW]$ ?IS QUE/ION4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 PEOPLE DO NOT WORK ANY MORE ?AN !Y MU/4 ,! POOR MU/ WORK OR />VE4 ,?AT IS :Y ONE F9DS !M ALWAYS SO BUSY4 ,BUT MA*9ES >E *EAP] TO KEEP ?AN PEOPLE4 ,?AT IS :Y MA*9ES HAVE BE5 SO MU* 9TRODUC$ BY ! CAPITALI/S4 ,MA*9ES DO NOT HAVE TO BE F$ & CLO!D4 ,ALSO1 IT DOES NOT CO/ SO MU* TO MAKE MA*9ES AS IT DOES TO RAISE *ILDR54 ,SO ! MA*9E PROCESS P]MITS ! CAPITALI/S TO PAY ! WORK] JU/ 5\< TO KEEP HIMSELF4 ,L[ WAGES1 !RE=E1 =CE ! WORK+ PEOPLE TO TAKE !IR *ILDR5 TO ! FACTORY4 ,V]Y (T5 ! *ILDR5 CAN SECURE WORK :5 !RE IS NONE TO BE HAD = ! P>5TS4 ,HE WILL DO ! WORK :O WILL'WORK *EAPE/4 

,WANT$1 ,*EAP ,P[]4-,MO/ WAGE-WORK]S >E TODAY OCCUPI$ 9 T5D+ MA*9ES4 ,?AT IS1 !Y SET ! MA*9ES TO WORK1 FE$ 9 ! RAW MAT]IAL1 & TAKE AWAY ! PRODUCT4 ,! FIR/ MA*9ES W]E RUN BY H&4 ,H& P[] OR HUMAN P[] HAS BE5 ! OLDE/ & MO/ COMMON =M ( P[]4 ,BUT TO ! EMPLOY] ?IS ME?OD IS V]Y EXP5SIVE1 BECAUSE HE MU/ PAY BACK SO L>GE A PORTION ( ! WORK]'S PRODUCT 9 WAGES4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 MANY =MS ( P[] DEVELOP$ TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ! /R5G? ( ! 9DIVIDUAL WORK]4 ,!SE HAVE BE51 *IEFLY1 ! P[] ( ANIMALS1 ( FALL+ WAT]1 ( ! W9DS1 ( /EAM1 ( ELECTRICITY1 & ( IGNIT$ FUEL GASES1 SU* AS GASOL9E4 ,ALL ( !SE HAVE BE5 ( TREM5D\S IMPORTANCE 9 ! HI/ORY ( 9DU/RY4 ,)\T ! HELP ( DRAFT ANIMALS 9 AGRICULTURE & L& TRANSPORTATION1 & ( ! SAIL+ VESSEL = WAT] TRANSPORTATION1 IT IS D\BTFUL :E!R CIVILIZATION C\LD EV]HAVE DEVELOP$4 ,/EAM P[] CAME TO BE US$ AB\T ! SAME TIME ?AT CLO?-MAK+ MA*9]Y WAS 9V5T$4 ,IT WAS SOON APPLI$ TO ! MANY O!R MA*9ES :I* W]E DEVELOP$ 9 RAPID SUCCESSION4 ,! N9ETE5? C5TURY WAS ! C5TURY ( ! /EAM 5G9E4 ,9 ,5GL& IT WAS US$ TO OP]ATE TEXTILE MA*9]Y AS E>LY AS #a#g#g#i4 ,EV5 BE=E ?AT TIME IT HAD BE5 US$ TO PUMP WAT] \T ( ! COAL M9ES & TO BR+ COAL TO ! SURFACE4 ,?IS GREATLY *EAP5$ ! PRODUCTION ( COAL & !RE=E ( IRON4 ,*EAP IRON MADE POSSIBLE *EAP /EAM-5G9ES & O!R MA*9ES4 ,SO ! V>I\S 9DU/RIES ?AT W]E DEVELOP+ HELP$ ONE ANO!R ALONG4 

,! ,/EAMBOAT & ,LOCOMOTIVE4-,9 ,AM]ICA ! /EAMBOAT WAS FIR/ DEVELOP$ AB\T #a#g#h#e1 BUT NOT MADE PR(ITABLE UNTIL ,FULTON NAVIGAT$ UP ! ,HUDSON 9 #a#h#g4 ,! MANY EXCELL5T /REAMS = WAT] P[] LONG KEPT ! /ATION>Y /EAM-5G9E FROM COM+ 9TO USE AS RAPIDLY 9 ,AM]ICA AS 9 ,5GL&4 ,9 #ahbi ! FIR/ LOCOMOTIVE WAS OP]AT$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,9 #ahc !RE W]E ONLY TW5TY-?REE MILES ( RAILROAD2 9 #a#h#d1 EI<TE5 HUNDR$ MILES2 9 #a#h#e1 SEV5 ?\S& MILES2 9 #a#h#f1 ?IRTY ?\S& MILES2 9 #a#h#g1 SEV5TY-TWO ?\S& MILES4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CONTA9S #b#d1 MILES ( RAILROAD4 ,?IS GREAT GR[? 9 ! MEANS ( TRANSPORTATION1 TOGE!R ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PO/AL SY/EM1 TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE1 HAS DEVELOP$ ! NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL M>KET4 ,SO LONG AS MA*9ES MU/ BE RUN BY H&1 BY HORSE P[] OR BY WAT] P[]1 FACTORIES W]E SMALL & !RE=E !IR \TPUT WAS LIMIT$4 ,A L>GE NUMB] ( !SE SMALL FACTORIES C\LD NOT BE LOCAT$ 9 ONE PLACE1 EV5 IF WAT] P[] C\LD BE HAD1 BECAUSE ( ! GREAT CO/ ( TRANSPORTATION4 ,SMALL FACTORIES W]E !RE=E SCATT]$ AB\T ! C\NTRY :]EV] !RE WAS GOOD WAT] P[] & ! M>KETS W]E NE> AT H&4 ,! BRA9S ( A CAPITALI/ MI<T HAVE BE5 EV] SO GREAT1 !Y C\LD NOT \TRUN ! CONDITIONS ( 9DU/RY4 ,! :OLE NATION W5T =W>D TOGE!R1 EV]YBODY EXCEPT ! IDL]S AMONG ! CAPITALI/S HELP+ 9 ! PROGRESS4 ,( C\RSE ! GREAT 9V5TORS1 DID MORE ?AN ANYBODY ELSE1 BUT A L>GE NUMB] W\LD BE WORK+ AT ONE 9V5TION AT A TIME1 & MANY FAILURES W]E USUALLY REQUIR$ TO DEVELOP ! KN[L$GE :I* F9ALLY MADE ONE 9V5TOR SUCCESSFUL4 

,SO P[] MA*9]Y HAS GR[N TO ITS PRES5T GREAT PROPORTIONS4 ,! REAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,AM]ICA ( TODAY & ! ,AM]ICA ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W> P]IOD1 IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AN OX-TEAM HAUL+ A TON & A GREAT LOCOMOTIVE HAUL+ #e1 TONS4 ,! GREATE/ ( ! MOD]N LOCOMOTIVES ?US DOES ! WORK ( #a1 OX5 OR HORSES41 ,9 ! FACTORIES1 MEAN:ILE1 ! /ATION>Y /EAM-5G9E & ! ELECTRIC DYNAMO HAVE DEVELOP$ TO ! SAME DEGREE4 ,ONE MAN WORK+ ) MOD]N MA*9ES IS ?US ABLE TO DO ! WORK ( ONE HUNDR$1 ONE ?\S& OR EV5 FIVE ?\S& M5 WORK+ )\T MA*9ES4 ,BUT !SE FOOLI% WORK]S WORK H>D] ?AN EV] !Y DID BE=E4 ,IF !Y CANNOT KEEP UP ) ! MA*9ES !Y >E DIS*>G$ & O!RS HIR$4 

,F>M+ ,MA*9]Y4-,9 AGRICULTURE ! *ANGE FROM SMALL TOOLS TO MA*9ES HAS BE5 ALMO/ AS GREAT AS 9 MANUFACTUR+4 ,NE>LY ALL ( ! WORK N[ DONE ON F>MS IS DONE BY MA*9ES4 ,IT WAS ! SECOND QU>T] ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ?AT WITNESS$ ! GREAT *ANGES ON ! ,AM]ICAN F>M4 ,MC,CORMICK1 A F>M BOY 9 ,VIRG9IA1 9V5T$ ! REAP]4 ,?IS MADE IT POSSIBLE = TILE ,WE/]N /ATES TO BECOME ! GREATE/ GRA9 PRODUC+ >EA 9 ! WORLD1 ,*EAP FOOD MEANT *EAP WORK+ PEOPLE 9 ! CITIES4 ,SO ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S W]E P]MITT$ TO COMPETE = ! WORLD'S M>KETS4 

,= A LONG TIME1 D[N EV5 TILL #a#i1 F>M]S :O[N$ ONE HUNDR$ OR TWO HUNDR$ ACRES ( L& C\LD MAKE GOOD USE ( ! MA*9ES :I* HAD BE5 9V5T$4 ,!IR *ILDR5 C\LD HELP RUN ! MA*9ES & ?US !Y KEPT ALL ! PR(ITS4 ,AT MO/ !Y HIR$ ONE OR TWO WAGE-WORK]S1 ) A FEW EXTRA DUR+ ! SUMM] MON?S4 ,BUT ! MA*9E PROCESS HAS N[ \TGR[N ! SIZE ( ! OLD-FA%ION$ F>M4 ,PL[S >E BE+ DRAWN BY TRACTION 5G9ES4 ,GRA9 IS BE+ REAP$ & ?RE%$ BY GREAT MA*9ES :I* ! SMALL F>M] CANNOT AF=D TO BUY & C\LD NOT PR(ITABLY USE EV5 IF HE POSSESS$ !M4 ,ABOVE ALL1 SCI5CE IS BE+ APPLI$ TO F>M+4 ,! RAIS+ ( CROPS1 ! BRE$+ & C>E ( CATTLE1 & ALL ! O!R WORK ( ! F>M MU/ BE C>EFULLY /UDI$4 ,ONE MAN CANNOT POSSIBLY KN[ ALL ?AT MU/ BE KN[N 9 ?IS GREAT & EV] *ANG+ 9DU/RY4 ,SO WE MU/ HAVE F>MS ( GREAT] & GREAT] >EA1 :]E WORK MAY BE SPECIALIZ$ & :]E ALL ! MOD]N MA*9ES & SCI5TIFIC ME?ODS MAY BE PUT TO GOOD USE4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT V]Y SOON ONLY GREAT CAPITALI/S CAN GET PR(ITS \T ( A F>M4 ,! F>M HAS BE5 ! LA/ PLACE :]E A MAN ) A SMALL AM\NT ( MONEY C\LD GO TO WORK1 BE HIS [N BOSS & MAKE A GOOD LIV+4 ,BUT SOON ?IS WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,9 FACT1 9 MANY /ATES IT IS ALREADY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,:5EV] ! F>M] MU/ R5T HIS F>M HE IS NO BETT] (F ?AN ! WAGE-WORK] 9 ! CITY4 ,IT IS SAFE TO SAY ?AT HALF ! F>M]S 9 ,AM]ICA RECEIVE NO MORE = !IR LONG DAYS ( H>D WORK ?AN ! UNSKILL$ DAY LABOR]4 

,M9+4-,BE=E ! COM+ ( /EAM-P[]1 COAL M9+ WAS ( V]Y LITTLE IMPORTANCE4 ,N[ IT IS ONE ( ! MO/ NECESS>Y 9DU/RIES WE HAVE4 ,COAL IS NOT ONLY US$ = /EAM4 ,IT IS ALSO ! MO/ IMPORTANT DOME/IC FUEL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,9 ! =M ( COKE IT IS NECESS>Y TO ! MANUFACTURE ( IRON4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS N[ FIR/ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( COAL4 

,A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 :5 COAL M9+ BEGAN 9 ?ISC\NTRY1 ANY F>M] ON :OSE L& !RE CROPP$ \T A VE91 MI<T OP5 A M9E & SELL ! PRODUCT4 ,TODAY ! COAL-M9]S WORK = GREAT TRU/S4 ,!Y USE MA*9ES & O!R EXP5SIVE APP>ATUS4 ,! M9ES :I* EMPLOY ! L>GE/ NUMB] ( WORK]S TURN \T ! COAL MO/ *EAPLY4 ,EV5 IF A MAN ) A SMALL TRACT ( COAL L& C\LD OP]ATE A M9E SUCCESSFULLY1 HE C\LD NOT DISPOSE ( HIS PRODUCT1 BECAUSE ! GREAT COMPANIES & TRU/S [N ! T]M9ALS1 GET BETT] RATES FROM ! RAILROADS & HAVE ! M>KETS MONOPOLIZ$4 

,9 METAL M9+ GREAT CAPITAL IS EV5 MORE /RONGLY 5TR5*$4 ,:5 GOLD WAS FIR/ DISCOV]$ 9 ,CALI=NIA1 A WORK+MAN1 IF =TUNATE 5\< TO F9D A DEPOSIT1 C\LD WA% \T ! PRECI\S METAL 9 A PAN4 ,BUT ?IS ME?OD IS N[ A ?+ ( ! PA/4 ,9 ! ,WE/1 GOLD1 SILV] & COPP] >E TAK5 FROM ROCK & SOIL :I* MU/ BE WORK$ BY EXP5SIVE MA*9ES4 ,ALL ( ! GREAT COPP] M9ES ( ,MONTANA >E [N$ BY ! ,/&>D ,OIL 9T]E/S4 ,! ,SMELT] ,TRU/1 UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,GUGG5HEIMS1 HAS POSSESSION ( A L>GE P>T ( BO? ! M9+ & SMELT] 9DU/RIES4 ,IF A MAN 9 ! ,WE/1 AFT] A LONG SE>*1 DISCOV]S A RI* M9E1 HE CAN NOT WORK IT )\T L>GE CAPITAL4 ,IF HE REFUSES TO SELL IT = A SMALL SUM1 ONE ( ! GREAT COMPANIES WILL SW9DLE HIM \T ( IT4 ,ALL HE CAN !N DO IS TO GO TO WORK = WAGES 9 ! M9E4 

,! ,MAK+ ( ,IRON & ,/EEL4-,9 ?IS GREAT & IMPORTANT 9DU/RY WE HAVE ! BE/ EXAMPLE ( 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS4 ,A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO IT WAS CONDUCT$ LIKE ALL O!R SMALL BUS9ESS4 ,ONE MAN W\LD [N A M9E & ANO!R W\LD BURN *>COAL ON HIS F>M4 ,!SE M5 W\LD SELL !IR PRODUCT TO A ?IRD MAN :O [N$ A =GE & MADE ! IRON4 ,?IS RAW IRON WAS SOLD TO A MAN :O HAD A %OP = WORK+ IT4 ,F9ALLY A MAN ) A ROLL+ & SLITT+ MILL1 :O PUT IT 9TO %APE = ! NAIL-MAK] OR ! BLACKSMI?4 

,) EV]Y DEVELOPM5T ( NEW MA*9ES = WORK+ IRON & /EEL ?IS 9DU/RY HAS GR[N4 ,?IRTY YE>S AGO !RE W]E /ILL A L>GE NUMB] ( HI<-PAID WORK]S 9 ! IRON & /EEL 9DU/RIES4 ,/R5G? & SKILL W]E REQUIR$ TO PUDDLE1 ! MOLT5 METAL OR WORK IT 9TO ! F9I%$ PRODUCT4 ,!N CAME ! BLA/ FURNACE1 & F9ALLY ! ,M>T9-,SIEMANS PROCESS ( MAK+ OP5 HE>? /EEL4 ,!SE DROVE ! OLD-FA%ION$ /EEL WORK] TO ! SCRAP HEAP ALONG ) ! SMALL TOOLS HE US$4 ,! IRON ORE N[ GOES 9TO ONE 5D ( ! MILL & ! F9I%$ PRODUCT COMES \T ( ! O!R4 ,= A MAN ) A FEW HUNDR$ OR A FEW ?\S& DOLL>S TO />T 9 ! IRON OR /EEL BUS9ESS W\LD BE RIDICUL\S4 ,! GREAT ,/EEL ,TRU/ N[ [NS ITS [N EXT5SIVE M9ES1 L9ES ( RAILROAD1 & A FLEET ( VESSELS ON ! ,GREAT ,LAKES4 ,IT HAS A L>GE NUMB] ( GIGANTIC IRON & /EEL PLANTS :I* PRODUCE FROM SIXTY P]C5T TO SEV5TY P]C5T ( ! IRON & /EEL ( ,AM]ICA4 ,! ,TRU/ C\LD1 IF IT ?\<T IT WISE TO DO SO1 CRU% \T ALL COMPETITORS 9 A YE>'S TIME4 

,IT IS PLA9 EV5 FROM ?IS %ORT SURVEY ( ,AM]ICAN 9DU/RIES ?AT ! DAY ( ! SMALL PRODUC] IS PA/4 ,9TELLIG5T PEOPLE ALWAYS DO !IR WORK 9 ! EASIE/ & QUICKE/ WAY4 ,! MANUFACTUR] :O PRODUCES HIS PRODUCT ! MO/ *EAPLY1 SURVIVES4 ,O!RS P]I%4 ,SO ?OSE :O LIVE & MA9TA9 !IR /&+ 9 MOD]N BUS9ESS >E SU* AS CONTROL ! L>GE CAPITAL NECESS>Y TO BUY ! BE/ & MO/ MA*9ES & ORGANIZE ! GREATE/ BUS9ESS4 

,! ,MA*9ES ,>E ,H]E TO ,/AY4-,:5 MA*9ES W]E FIR/ 9V5T$ SOME V]Y FOOLI% WORK+ PEOPLE ATTEMPT$ TO DE/ROY !M4 ,IT WAS SE5 ?AT ! MA*9ES W\LD TAKE ! PLACE ( WORK]S & ?US DO !M H>M4 ,! WORK]S DID NOT !N UND]/& ?AT ! TIME W\LD COME :5 !Y C\LD JO9 TOGE!R & [N & CONTROL ! MA*9ES & ?US BE ABLE TO WORK MU* %ORT] H\RS4 ,ALL !Y SAW WAS ?AT ! MA*9ESW]E DO+ !M H>M AT ! TIT-LIE4 ,BUT WORK+M51 EI!R ORGANIZ$ OR UNORGANIZ$1 CAN NEV] FI<T ! MA*9ES SUCCESSFULLY4 ,!Y MU/ ALWAYS ACCEPT ! NEW MA*9E & LE>N TO WORK IT4 ,MA*9ES >E N[ DISPLAC+ GLASS WORK]S ( ALL K9DS1 PLUMB]S1 C>P5T]S & O!R WOODWORK]S1 PR9T]S1 &1 9 FACT1 ALMO/ EV]Y K9D ( WORK] !RE IS4 ,?IS PROCESS WILL NOT /OP4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y IT WILL GO ON EV] MORE RAPIDLY4 ,! UNEMPLOY$ >MY WILL GR[ GREAT] & GREAT]4 ,WOM5 & *ILDR5 WAGE-E>N]S WILL MORE & MORE TAKE TILE PLACE ( M54 ,ALREADY !RE >E AT WORK = WAGES 9 ,AM]ICA1 #d11 *ILDR5 & #g11 WOM54 ,!RE IS NO *IVALRY 9 ! WORK%OP4 ,CAPITALISM COMPELS SEX EQUALITY4 ,AT PRES5T IT IS EQUALITY 9 A COMMON SLAV]Y4 

,LET ! ,MA*9ES ,WORK = ! ,WORK]S4-,ONE ( ! WOR/ FEATURES AB\T ! MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS ?AT !Y DO NOT ?9K !MSELVES HAPPY UNLESS !Y >E H>D AT WORK4 ,9/EAD ( LETT+ ! MA*9ES DO ! WORK MANY WORK]S W\LD RA!R DO IT !MSELVES4 ,?IS COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT !RE WAS A TIME :5 !RE W]E V]Y FEW IDL]S & :5 ALL ! WORK]S1 BO? M5 & WOM51 W]E =C$ TO TOIL CON/ANTLY 9 ORD] TO LIVE4 ,! WORK+ CLASS ?US GOT 9TO ! HABIT ( WORK4 ,IT N[ F9DS IT V]Y H>D TO GIVE TIP ! BAD HABIT1 EV5 ?\< ONLY A LITTLE WORK IS NECESS>Y4 

,MA*9ES HAVE COME TO FREE ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,UNTIL ! 9V5TION ( MA*9ES PEOPLE W]E 5SLAV$ BY SMALL TOOLS TO ! SOIL4 ,= !M IT WAS WORK OR />VE4 ,WORK OR />VE IT IS /ILL1 NOT BECAUSE NATURE =CES US TO DO SO1 BUT BECAUSE WE HAVE NOT YET SE5 \R WAY \T ( IT4 ,WE >E 5SLAV$ NOT TO ! SOIL BUT TO ! PEOPLE :O [N ! MA*9ES4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T HAS COME TO PLACE ! MA*9ES1 ! %OPS1 ! RAILROADS1 ! L& & !4 M9ES 9 ! POSSESSION ( ! WORK]S4 ,?AT WILL MEAN FRE$OM1 SECURITY & OPPORTUNITY = ALL :O LIVE4 

,I,I,I-,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N 

,! ,F\NDATIONS ( ,GOV]NM5T4-,! WORLD IS RUL$ BY P[]4 ,! F\NDATION ( ?IS P[] IS CONTROL OV] A L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE4 ,! CAPITALI/S RULE ! WORLD TODAY BECAUSE !Y HAVE ORGANIZ$ ! WORK]S 9 ! %OPS & CONTROL !M4 ,!Y [N & DIRECT ! 9DU/RIES4 

,A VISITOR TO AN 9SANE ASYLUM SAW ?REE W>D5S TAKE ?REE HUNDR$ ( ! 9MATES \T = EX]CISE4 ,! VISITOR EXPRESS$ SURPRISE AT ! P]FECT CONTROL :I* ! ?REE HAD OV] ! ?REE HUNDR$4 ,HE ASK$ = AN EXPLANATION & WAS TOLD ?AT ! ?REE W>D5S W]E ORGANIZ$ & ?AT ! ?REE HUNDR$ 9SANE W]E UNORGANIZ$4 ,?AT IS1 ! ?REE HAD !IR M9DS MADE TIP AS TO JU/ :AT !Y WANT$ TO DO & DID IT4 ,! ?REE HUNDR$ DID NOT HAVE !IR M9DS MADE UP4 ,!Y DID NOT C>E :AT !Y DID NOR :AT WAS DONE ) !M4 

,SOCIETY DEVELOPS ) ! ADVANCE ( SCI5CE & ! 9V5TION ( MA*9ES4 ,9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T PRODUCES EV5 HI<] =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,WE %ALL FIR/ DISCUSS ! GR[? & NATURE ( ! PRES5T OR CAPITALI/ ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY4 

,! ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,/ 

,AT FIR/1 :5 MA*9ES >E SMALL & FEW1 AN 9DU/RY IS CONTROLL$ BY SMALL CAPITALI/S4 ,9DIVIDUALS [N ! MA*9ES1 ! RAW MAT]IALS & P]HAPS ! L& ON :I* & ! %OP 9 :I* ! WORK IS C>RI$ ON4 ,9 ?IS FIR/ /AGE ! CAPITALI/ (T5 WORKS ALONG ) HIS EMPLOYES4 ,HE AT LEA/ IS USEFUL 9 ?AT HE DIRECTS 9DU/RY4 ,HE BUYS ! RAW MAT]IAL4 ,HE SUP]9T5DS! %OP4 ,HE SELLS ! F9I%$ PRODUCT4 ,BUT EV5 AT ?IS /AGE ! PORTION LIE TAKES AS PR(ITS IS MU* GREAT] ?AN HIS P>T 9 PRODUCTION4 ,HIS 9COME IS NOT AT ALL DET]M9$ BY ! WORK LIE P]=MS4 ,LET US SEE :AT DOES FIX ! AM\NT LIE TAKES FROM ! WORK]S AS PR(ITS & ! AM\NT HE GIVES ! WORK]S AS WAGES4 

,WAGES & ,PR(ITS4-,:5 ! CAPITALI/ EMPLOYS ! WORK] HE ( C\RSE PAYS AS LITTLE 9 WAGES AS POSSIBLE4 ,IF ! WORK] IS SKILL$ HE WILL USUALLY GET MORE WAGES ?AN IF UNSKILL$ BECAUSE IT REQUIR$ TIME & LABOR TO DEVELOP HIS SKILL4 ,IF WORK]S >E SC>CE !IR PRICE 9 ! M>KET WILL GO TIP = A TIME4 ,IF1 H[EV]1 !RE >E MANY UNEMPLOY$1 WAGES WILL DECL9E4 ,WAGES IS ! PRICE PAID 9 ! M>KET = ! LABOR P[] ( ! ,WORK]4 ,! AM\NT ( WAGES DOES NOT DEP5D AT ALL UPON ! AM\NT ( ! WORK]S' PRODUCT4 ,ON ! AV]AGE1 WAGES AM\NT TO JU/ 5\< TO KEEP ! WORK] 9 GOOD %APE = HIS WORK4 ,IF !RE W]E NO GREAT UNEMPLOY$ >MY1 IF MA*9ES DID NOT CON/ANTLY TAKE ! PLACE ( MORE & MORE WORK]S1 !N ! AV]AGE MALE WORK] W\LD HAVE TO RECEIVE 5\< TO SUPPORT A WIFE1 & *ILDR5 TO TAKE TILE PLACE ( ! P>5TS4 ,BUT ! UNEMPLOY$ >MY & ! NEW MA*9ES >E CON/ANTLY =C+ WAGES 9 MANY 9DU/RIES D[N TO A PO9T BEL[ :AT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO SUPPORT A WIFE ALONE1 NOT TO M5TION *ILDR54 ,ALSO1 UNTIL AB\T TW5TY YE>S AGO !RE WAS ANO!R FACTOR 9 ,AM]ICAN LIFE ?AT T5D$ TO KEEP WAGES UP4 ,!RE WAS PL5TY ( FREE L& 9 ! ,WE/4 ,! /RONGE/1 BOLDE/ WORK]S1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O HAD A LITTLE MONEY 9 ! BANK1 C\LD ALWAYS GO ,WE/ & TAKE TIP FREE L& OR GET A GOOD JOB4 ,9 ! ,WE/ !RE WAS MU* WORK TO BE DONE & WORK]S W]E SC>CE4 ,AS SOME LEFT TILE ,EA/ ! WAGES ( O!RS W5T UP OR W]E PREV5T$ FROM GO+ D[N4 ,SO !RE DEVELOP$ AMONG ! WORK+ PEOPLE 9 ,AM]ICA :AT HASBE5 KN[N AS 0! ,AM]ICAN /&>D ( LIV+10 ,BUT DUR+ ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S ,AM]ICAN WORK]S HAVE BE5 CON/ANTLY GETT+ LESS & LESS = !IR WORK4 

,H[ ,WAGES ,HAVE ,GONE ,D[N4-,9 DOLL>S & C5TS ! AV]AGE WAGES HAVE PROBABLY NOT GONE D[N AT ALL DUR+ ! PA/ FIFTE5 YE>S4 ,9 MANY CASES !Y HAVE ACTUALLY RIS54 ,BUT MEASUR$ BY ! FOOD1 CLO?+ & %ELT] ! WORK] CAN BUY ) HIS WAGES1 :I* IS ! ONLY TRUE WAY TO MEASURE AN 9COME1 WAGES HAVE GONE D[N AT LEA/ FIFTY P]C5T 9 ?IS TIME4 ,PRICES HAVE GONE UP NOT BECAUSE ! TRU/S >E ABLE TO *>GE ANY PRICE !Y PLEASE1 BUT = A :OLLY DIFF]5T REASON4 ,GOLD IS \R /&>D MEASURE ( VALUE & GOLD IS BECOM+ EV] *EAP] & *EAP]4 ,IT IS N[ PRODUC$ BY MA*9ES & ! CYANIDE PROCESS4 ,AS MU* GOLD CAN BE TURN$ \T BY TWO DAYS' LABOR N[ AS BY ?REE DAYS' LABOR FIFTE5 YE>S AGO4 ,!RE=E1 :5 GOODS ( ANY K9D >E SOLD 9 ! M>KET1 IT TAKES ?REE DOLL>S 9 GOLD TODAY TO BUY AS MU* AS TWO DOLL>S W\LD BUY =M]LY4 

,BUT WAGES1 ! PRICE ( LABOR P[] 9 ! M>KET1 HAVE NOT G5]ALLY GONE UP4 ,MR4 ,JAMES ,J4 ,HILL1 ONE ( ! GREATE/ RAILROAD MAGNATES 9 ,AM]ICA1 HAS DECL>$ ?AT ! TIME HAS COME = ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE TO LIVE *EAP]1 LIKE ,EUROPEAN PEASANTS4 ,?AT /ATEM5T IS ABSOLUTELY TRUE4 ,! WAGES ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK] HAVE GONE D[N FIFTY P]C5T 9 FIFTE5 YE>S BECAUSE HE CAN NO4 LONG] GET1 AWAY FROM HIS MA/]4 ,MA*9ES >E TAK+ HIS PLACE & HE CAN NO LONG] GO ,WE/1 TAKE UP GOV]NM5T L& & BE FREE4 ,HAD ! VALUE ( GOLD REMA9$ AS IT WAS1 WAGES W\LD HAVE GONE D[N JU/ ! SAME4 ,HI<] PRICES IS SIMPLY A =M :I* L[] WAGES TAKES4 

,NO?+ BUT ,SOCIALISM CAN PREV5T ! CONDITION ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S FROM BECOM+ JU/ AS BAD AS ?AT ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE1 OR EV5 WORSE4 

,! ,PORTION ( ,LABOR4-,WAGE41 >E ! PRICE ( ! FOOD1 CLO?+ & %ELT] NE$$ BY ! WORK] :O HAS ! JOB4 ,PR(ITS >E ALL ?AT PORTION ( ! LABOR]'S PRODUCT :I* IS LEFT TO ! CAPITALI/ AFT] ! WAGES1 HAVE BE5 TAK5 \T4 ,LET US SUPPOSE ?AT A CAPITALI/ SELLS A YE>'S PRODUCT ( HIS %OP = @s#a14 ,SUPPOSE ?AT RAW MAT]IALS & %OP EXP5SES AM\NT TO @s#b#e14 ,! PRODUCT ( ! WORK]S 9 ! %OP IS !RE=E @s#g#e14 ,IF !RE >E FIFTY WORK]S 9 ! %OP :O RECEIVE1 ON ! AV]AGE1 @s#e A YE>1 ?AT W\LD AM\NT TO @s#b#e1 9 WAGES4 ,!RE IS /ILL LEFT ! SUM ( @s#e14 ,?AT IS PR(ITS & IS POCKET$ BY ! CAPITALI/1 :O MAY NOT HAVE WORK$ A S+LE 7LAY 9 ! %OP OR (FICE4 ,N[ LET US SAY ?AT NEXT YE> FIVE MA*9ES >E PUT 9 & ?AT !Y REPLACE =TY WORK]S4 ,!SE FIVE MA*9ES REQUIRE ONLY FIVE WORK]S4 ,?AT MEANS ?AT FIFTE5 WORK]S WILL BE LEFT 9 ! %OP4 ,!IR WAGES1 AT @s#e EA*1 WILL BE @s#g1#e4 ,SO NEXT YE> ! CAPITALI/ WILL POCKET @s#a#g1#e MORE 9 PR(ITS1 OR @s#f#g1#e4 ,BY & BY ! />V+ WORK]S :O HAVE LO/ !IR JOBS WILL COME BACK & (F] TO WORK = LESS4 ,WAGES >E CUT TO @s#d A YE>4 ,?AT MEANS @s#a1#e MORE 9 PR(ITS4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME ?IS IS JU/ :AT IS TAK+ PLACE EV]Y:]E 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,! P]C5TAGE & AM\NT ( PR(ITS IS GETT+ TO BE GREAT] & GREAT] & GREAT]1 &1 ON ! AV]AGE1 WAGES >E GETT+ TO BE LESS & LESS & LESS4 

,PR(ITS DO NOT GO TIP BECAUSE ! CAPITALI/S DO MORE4 ,! MANAG]'S BRA9S >E UND] ! WORKMAN'S CAP4 ,9 FACT1 AS 9DU/RY DEVELOPS1 ! CAPITALI/ DOES LESS & LESS USEFUL WORK4 ,PR(ITS GO UP BECAUSE ! CAPITALI/S [N & CONTROL ! 9DU/RIES4 

,WAGES DO NOT GO D[N BECAUSE ! WORK]S PRODUCE LESS4 ,!Y >E PRODUC+ EV] MORE & MORE4 ,WAGES GO D[N & EV] D[N1 BECAUSE ! CAPITALI/ CAN BUY ! WORK]S AT EV] *EAP] & *EAP] PRICES 9 !M>KET4 ,WAGES >E GO+ D[N BECAUSE MA*9ES >E TAK+ ! PLACE ( WORK]S2 BECAUSE WOM5 & *ILDR5 >E LEAV+ ! HOME & WORK+ 9 ! FACTORIES & (FICES2 BECAUSE ! WORK]S CAN NO LONG] WORK = !MSELVES BUT >E *A9$ 9 !IR MA/]'S S]VICE4 ,F9ALLY1 WAGES GO D[N BECAUSE IT TAKES LESS FOOD1 CLO?+ & %ELT] TO KEEP A WORK] ALIVE TODAY ?AN HIS FA!R REQUIR$1 DEM&$ & RECEIV$ FIFTY YE>S AGO4 

,! ,NATURE ( A ,CAPITALI/4-,! CAPITALI/S & !IR AG5TS >E CON/ANTLY TELL+ ! WORK]S ?AT !Y GOT !IR />T BY SAV+ !IR MONEY & WISELY 9VE/+ IT4 ,A LONG TIME AGO ?IS MAY HAVE BE5 TRUE 9 SOME CASES4 ,!SE FEW CASES ( CAPITALI/S :O BEGAN HONE/LY HAVE BE5 CON/ANTLY PO9T$ \T UNTIL ! WORK]S W]E L$ TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y C\LD SAVE SOME ( !IR WAGES & />T 9 BUS9ESS ,( C\RSE TODAY ! TRU/S >E SO P[]FUL ?AT V]Y FEW WORK]S >E FOOLI% 5\< TO TRY TO BECOME CAPITALI/S4 ,BUT MAN ( !M /ILL BELIEVE ! FOOLI% TALES ! ?IEV+ CAPITALI/S TELL AB\T !MSELVES4 ,A CAPITALI/ DOES NO?+ EXCEPT = PR(ITS4 ,= MORE PR(ITS !RE IS NO?+ HE WILL NOT DO4 

,! ,TRUE ,HI/ORY ( ,SOME ( ,!SE ,CAPITALI/S4-,9 ,GU/AVUS ,MY]S' 0,HI/ORY ( ! ,GREAT ,AM]ICAN ,=TUNES10 WE F9D A TRUE ACC\NT ( ! LIVES ( ! MO/ NOT$ ( ! ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S4 ,MR4 ,MY]S HAS MO/ C>EFULLY EXAM9$ ! RECORDS ( C\RTS & LEGISLATURES1 FAMILY HI/ORIES & NEWSPAP] FILES DEAL+ ) ! SUBJECT4 

,= 9/ANCE1 ! ,A/OR FAMILY1 :I* [NS MORE ?AN @s#d11 WOR? ( REAL E/ATE 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 GOT ITS />T ?R\< ! FUR TRADE ) ! ,9DIANS4 ,! ,A/OR AG5TS COMMITT$ A CRIME EV]Y TIME !Y GAVE ! ,9DIANS LIQUOR4 ,BUT !Y REGUL>LY MADE ! ,9DIANS DRUNK & (T5 /OLE !IR FURS4 ,! F\ND] ( ! FAMILY1 ,JOHN ,JACOB ,A/OR1 BUILT UP ?IS GREAT SY/EM ( CRIM9AL TRADE & MADE MILLIONS4 ,HE !N /OLE GREAT QUANTITIES ( REAL E/ATE FROM ! CITY ( ,NEW ,YORK4 ,9 ! ,W> ( #ahab HIS AG5T PROV$ A TRAITOR TO HIS C\NTRY1 IMP>T+ VALUABLE GOV]NM5T SECRETS TO ! ,BRITI% 9 RETURN = PROTECTION TO ! ,A/OR PROP]TIES 9 ,CANADA4 ,S9CE !N ! ,A/ORS HAVE ALWAYS C>EFULLY OBS]V$ ?AT PASSAGE ( ,SCRIPTURE :I* READS3 0,CONSID] ! LILIES ( ! FIELD1 H[ !Y GR[2 !Y TOIL NOT1 NEI!R DO !Y SP940 ,!IR =TUNE 9 VALUABLE ,NEW ,YORK REAL E/ATE GR[S :ILE !Y SLEEP4 ,BUT 9/EAD ( BE+ F$ BY ! ,HEAV5LY ,FA!R !Y >E BE+ F$ BY ! SWEAT+ WORK+ CLASS ( ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 

,! MO/ P[]FUL CAPITALI/ 9 ,AM]ICA TODAY IS ,J4 ,PI]PONT ,MORGAN4 ,HE IS SAID TO CONTROL T5 BILLIONS ( DOLL>S4 ,HE HIMSELF POSSESSES AN E/ATE WOR? @s#b#e114 

,H[ DID HE GET IT8 ,MR4 ,MY]S HAS TOLD US4 

,9 #ahfa ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS EV]Y:]E HURRI$LY PUR*AS+ >MS TO PUT 9 ! H&S ( ITS SOLDI]S4 ,ALSO IT SOLD MU* WORN-\T MAT]IAL TO MAKE PLACE = NEW4 ,AMONG ! JUNK (F]$ = SALE WAS A SUPPLY ( #e1 RIFLES 9 AN >S5AL 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 ,!Y W]E MORE DANG]\S TO ! M5 BACK ( !M ?AN TO ?OSE 9 FRONT ( !M1 AS !Y W\LD BUR/ ON ! FIR/ FIRE4 ,BUT ?IS FACT DID NOT WORRY ,J4 ,PI]PONT ,MORGAN4 ,9/EAD ( GO+ TO ! FRONT AS A SOLDI] HE /AID AT HOME & MADE MONEY4 ,?R\< AN AG5T HE PUR*AS$ !SE RIFLES FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T AT @s#c4#e APIECE4 ,HE !N RESOLD !M TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T AT @s#b#e4 APIECE4 ,! GOV]NM5T PAID HIM @s#a#g4#e = EA* RIFLE BUT REFUS$1 UPON LE>N+ ( ,MR4 ,MORGAN'S SW9DL+ GAME1 TO PAY MORE4 ,9 #ahfd ! :OLE ,NATION WAS WORN \T BY ! AWFUL ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,MO/ ( ! ABLE BODI$ M51 EXCEPT A CR[D ( ?IEV+1 GRAFT+ CAPITALI/S :O /AID AT HOME &GOT RI*1 W]E 9 ! >MY4 ,YET AT ?AT TIME1 9 ! V]Y CRISIS ( ! W>1 ! UNSPEAKABLE ,MORGAN WON HIS SUIT AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T & COLLECT$ ! EXTRA BLOOD MONEY4"9 

,:51 A FEW YE>S AGO1 ! 0MUCK-RAK]S0 W]E EXPOS+ ! CRIMES ( ! GREAT CAPITALI/S1 ?OSE :O TRI$ TO DEF5D !M PO9T$ TO ,RUSSELL ,SAGE AS A MAN ( SPOTLESS HONOR1 AN IDEAL = ,AM]ICAN Y\?4' ,MR4 ,MY]S %[S ?AT ,RUSSELL ,SAGE1 AS A Y\NG MAN1 />T$ \T 9 LIFE BY /EAL+ A RAILROAD4 ,HE !N TOOK ! MONEY MADE \T ( IT & BRIB$ ! GOV]NOR & LEGISLATURE ( ,WISCONS9 9TO GIV+ HIM VALUABLE L&S4 ,SO IT IS ) ALL ( !M1 ! ,V&]BILTS1 ! ,G\LDS & ! ,ROCKEFELL]S4 ,!Y GET !IR GREAT WEAL? NOT ONLY BY TAK+ !IR PR(ITS FROM ! WORK]S DIRECTLY4 ,!Y DEGRADE CITY1 /ATE & NATIONAL GOV]NM5TS BY BRIB+ ! (FICIALS & US+ !M 9 !IR BUS9ESS4 ,!Y /EAL FROM ONE ANO!R4 ,!Y ROB ! IGNORANT & ! WEAK4 ,BUT ( C\RSE ! GREATE/ & MO/ LA/+ 9JURY DONE ! WORK]S CONSI/S 9 PAY+ !M WAGES AS L[ AS POSSIBLE & TAK+ AS MU* PR(IT AS POSSIBLE 9 ! %OPS & M9ES & ON ! RAILROADS :]E ! WORK]S TOIL4 

,NO ONE EV] PRODUC$ @s#a11 NOR @s#a114 ,IF A MAN HAS ANY SU* AM\NT ( WEAL? HE GOT IT BY GRABB+ & KEEP+ PR(ITS \T ( ! PRODUCT ( ! WORK]S4 ,HE MAY HAVE GOTT5 IT DIRECTLY FROM ! WORK]S1 OR 9DIRECTLY BY ROBB+ O!R CAPITALI/S OR GAMBL+ 9 ! /OCK M>KET4 

,! ,SOCIAL & ,MORAL ,DIFF]5CE ,BETWE5 ,CAPITALI/ & ,WORK]4-,NO WORK] %\LD WI% TO BECOME A CAPITALI/4 ,! SMALL CAPITALI/ CANNOT ?RIVE AS A CAPITALI/ )\T LY+ & *EAT+2 )\T PAY+ L[ WAGES & SWEAT+ HIS WORK]S ?R\< LONG H\RS2 )\T LY+ AWAKE NI<TS PLANN+ H[ TO HELP HIMSELF BY 9JUR+ O!RS4 

,! WORK] CANNOT RISE AS A WORK] )\T JO9+ 9 UNITY ) O!R WORK]S & HELP+ ALL4 ,?IS MUTUAL DEP5D5CE ( WORK] UPON WORK]1 TAU<T !M BY !IR EV]YDAY EXP]I5CES 9 ! %OP1 IS ! BE/ & F9E/ ?+ 9 MOD]N LIFE4 ,IT LEADS TO BRO!RHOOD4 ,IT DEVELOPS ! M9D ( ! WORK]4 ,IT RAISES HIM \T ( A /ATE ( 9DIVIDUAL SELFI%NESS & MEANNESS & PO9TS TO ! GOAL ( CIVILIZATION-,SOCIALISM4 

,! ,C,O,R,P,O,R,A,T,I,O,N 

,! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/ SOON F\ND ?AT HE WAS P[]LESS TO CONTROL ! GR[+ GOV]NM5T ( ! %OP1 ! M9E & ! /ORE4 ,! SIZE & GREAT NUMB] ( ! MA*9ES 9V5T$ & ! GR[+ M>KET DUE TO RAILROADS & O!R MEANS ( TRANSPORTATION L$ TO ?IS4 ,!SE =CES BECAME TOO GREAT = HIM TO CONTROL ?R\< HIS [N P]SONAL WEAL?4 ,SO !RE CAME ! NEXT HI<] =M 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY! CORPORATION4 ,A BUS9ESS CORPORATION IS AN ASSOCIATION ( CAPITALI/S1 :I*1 BECAUSE ( ! RI<TS GRANT$ TO IT BY ! GOV]NM5T ?R\< ITS *>T]1 CAN DO BUS9ESS V]Y MU* AS DOES AN 9DIVIDUAL4 ,!RE W]E V]Y GREAT CORPORATIONS :I* 5GAG$ 9 COMM]CE LONG BE=E MOD]N MA*9ES W]E 9V5T$4 ,! FIR/ ,5GLI% SETTLEM5TS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA W]E MADE BY SU* CORPORATIONS AS ! ,VIRG9IA ,COMPANY & ! ,PLYM\? ,COMPANY4 ,SO ! CORPORATION IS A V]Y OLD =M ( ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT AT FIR/ IT WAS CONF9$ ALMO/ :OLLYTO TRADE UPON ! HI< SEAS4 ,BE=E ! 9V5TION ( MA*9ES !RE W]E BUT FEW CORPORATIONS 9 ! PRODUCTIVE 9DU/RIES4 ,9 ,5GL&1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY PO9T$ \T1 MA*9ES BEGAN TO BE US$ 9 ! MAK+ ( CLO? 9 #a#g#f#d4 ,!Y W]E NOT SET TIP 9 ,AM]ICA UNTIL AB\T #a#h4 ,AFT] ?AT TIME CORPORATIONS DEVELOP$ V]Y RAPIDLY4 ,SOON1 ) ! COM+ ( MA*9ES1 CORPORATIONS W]E 5GAG$ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( IRON1 ( LUMB] & ( MANY O!R COMMODITIES4 ,) ! 9V5TION ( ! /EAMBOAT 9 #ahg & ! RAILWAY 9 #a#h#b#i1 ! SIZE ( ! M>KET :I* C\LD BE REA*$ BY A CORPORATION GREW TO 9CLUDE ! :OLE ,NATION4 ,SO ! CORPORATIONS DEVELOP$ RAPIDLY 9 BO? NUMB]S & 9 SIZE4 ,AS LONG AGO AS :5 ,&REW ,JACKSON BECAME ,PRESID5T1 9 #a#h#b#i1 !Y BECAME SO P[]FUL AS TO DICTATE ! POLICIES ( ! GOV]NM5T AT ,WA%+TON4 ,&REW ,JACKSON SAW ! DANG]4 ,HE SAW H[ ! OLD POLITICAL GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE WAS US$ BY ! NEW 9DU/RIAL GOV]NM5T1 ! CORPORATIONS4 ,AL?\< HE SMA%$ ! MO/4 P[]FUL ( !SE1 ! GREAT ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,BANK1 HE C\LD NOT /AY ! PROGRESS ( 9DU/RY4 ,! CORPORATIONS W]E B\ND TO GR[ BECAUSE ! ,NATION'S 9DU/RIES NE$$ A GOV]NM5T ( !IR [N4 ,! WORK+ PEOPLE W]E NOT PREP>$ AT ?AT TIME TO TAKE OV] & [N ! MA*9ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,SO !Y W]E [N$ & CONTROLL$ BY ! RI*4 ,( C\RSE MANY 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/S /ILL [N$ FACTORIES1 BUT NO 9DIVIDUAL EV] [N$ ANY RAILWAY L9E ( ANY CONSEQU5CE4 ,BY #a#h#f#a1 :5 ! ,CIVIL ,W> BROKE \T1 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 COMPOS$ ( 9DIVIDUALS & CORPORATIONS1 WAS QUITE AS /RONG AS ! GREAT F>M+ CLASS4 ,:5 ! ,CIVIL ,W> 5D$1 9 #a#h#f#e1 IT HAD GR[N SO RI* ?R\< *EAT+ ! GOV]NM5T1 ?R\< HI< T>IFFS1 HI< PRICES & L[ WAGES1 ?AT IT WAS BY F> ! MO/ P[]FUL CLASS 9 ! C\NTRY4 

,! ,COM+ ( ! ,TRU/S 

,:5 ! MOD]N ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T WAS FIR/ />T$1 ! ,SOCIALI/S AIM$ TO DO TWO ?+S4 ,FIR/1 !Y WI%$ TO ABOLI% COMPETITION & E/ABLI% COOP]ATION4 ,SECOND1 !Y WI%$ TO HAVE ! WORK+ CLASS SO ORGANIZ$ ?AT !Y C\LD CONTROL ! MA*9ES ( PRODUCTION & TAKE ! :OLE PRODUCT4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE PURPOSES WAS CONSID]$ TO BE AS IMPORTANT AS ! SECOND4 ,COMPETITION WAS KN[N TO BE A V]Y GREAT EVIL4 ,IT IMM5SELY 9CREAS$ ! :OLE AM\NT ( WORK TO BE DONE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9/EAD ( HAV+ ONE F9E L>GE DEP>TM5T /ORE 9 A CITY ( #b#e1 PEOPLE1 ! ,SOCIALI/S SAW A HUNDR$ SMALL /ORES4 ,! ,SOCIALI/S SAW ! COMPET+ BUS9ESS M5 *EAT ONE ANO!R & ! PUBLIC4 ,!Y SAW T5 DO+ WORK :I* ONE C\LD DO4 ,SURELY ?IS1 SAID ! ,SOCIALI/S1 IS A MO/ FOOLI% & WA/EFUL WAY ( DO+ BUS9ESS4 ,SOCIALISM W\LD MAKE AN 5D ( IT4 ,SOCIALISM W\LD BR+ AB\T COOP]ATION 9/EAD ( COMPETITION4 ,IT W\LD 5D COMPETITION NOT ONLY 9 ! /ORE1 BUT ALSO 9 ! %OP4 

,COMPETITION4-,AT ?IS ! SMALL BUS9ESS M5 LAU<$ & JE]$4 0,COMPETITION10 SAID !Y1 0IS ! LIFE ( TRADE4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT4 ,! ,SOCIALI/S >E MO/LY LUNATICS & AT BE/ A LOT ( DREAM]S4 ,)\T COMPETITION !RE W\LD BE NO BUS9ESS DONE & CONSEQU5TLY NO?+ PRODUC$4 ,EV]Y ONE W\LD GO NAK$ & />VE40 ,SO SAID ! 'SMALL %OP KEEP]S & FACTORY [N]S =TY YE>S AGO4 

,!N ! NATURAL GR[? ( 9DU/RY BR\<T ! TRU/4 ,! TRU/ IS NEI!R 0BAD0 NOR 0GOOD40 ,IT IS SIMPLY NATURAL1 LIKE A TREE OR A RIV]4 ,IT COMES :5 CONDITIONS =CE IT TO COME4 ,?OSE :O ORGANIZE A TRU/ MU/ DO SO 9 ORD] TO PROTECT & ADVANCE !IR 9T]E/S1 

,AS ! MA*9E PROCESS DEVELOPS1 COMPETITION BECOMES 9/EAD ( 0! LIFE ( TRADE10 MU* MORE ! DEA? ( TRADE4 ,EA* COMPETITOR TRIES TO \TDO ! O!RS4 ,HE GOES BEYOND HIS MEANS4 ,! M>KETS >E GLUT$ ) GOODS :I* ! WORK]S HAVE PRODUC$ BUT >E TOO POOR TO BUY FROM ! CAPITALI/S4 ,ONE COMPETITOR AFT] ANO!R GOES BANKRUPT4 ,! %OPS BECOME IDLE & ! /ORES F9D NO PUR*AS]S4 ,?IS IS CALL$ A 0CRISIS0 OR A 0 PANIC40 ,MEAN:ILE ! WORK]S >E IDLE & ! SMALL BUS9ESS M5 >E RU9$4 ,:OLE >MIES ( PEOPLE />VE4 ,IT SOMETIMES TAKES YE>S TO \TGR[ A PANIC4 

,) ! GR[? ( COMPETITIVE 9DU/RY PANICS BECOME WORSE & WORSE4 ,! WOR/ ONE WE HAD 9 ?IS C\NTRY WAS ?AT ( #a#h#i#c-#h4 ,! GR[? ( RAILROADS1 ! TELEGRAPHS & MAIL S]VICE HAD 9CREAS$ ! RANGE ( ! M>KET TO 9CLUDE ! :OLE ,NATION4 ,A SMALL FACTORY WAS BR\<T 9TO COMPETITION ) ALL O!R FACTORIES TURN+ \T ! SAME K9D ( GOODS4 ,AMONG ! RAILROADS ! WORDS 0COMPETITION0 & 0RU90 MEANT ! SAME ?+4 ,TWO OR MORE COMPET+ L9ES W\LD =CE ONE ANO!R TO ! V]GE ( BANKRUPTCY4 ,RUNN+ EXP5SES W]E CUT4 ,! RAILROAD WORK]S W]E %AMELESSLY UND]PAID & OV]WORK$4 ,! LIVES ( ! TRA9M5 & ( PASS5G]S W]E SACRIFIC$ AS 9 W>4 ,:5 ! [N]S ( ! RAILROADS TRI$ TO ABOLI% ?IS FOOLI% & DANG]\S COMPETITION1 ! IGNORANT PEOPLE DEM&$ LAWS =C+ IT TO BE CONT9U$4 

,!RE WAS ONLY ONE ?+ TO DO4 ,TRU/S MU/ BE =M$ TO CONTROL ! M>KETS4 ,! FIR/ GREAT GR\P ( TRU/S W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 #a#h#i#i4 

,:AT ,IS A ,TRU/8-,TRU/S >E =M$ 9 ! FOLL[+ WAY4 ,A NUMB] ( ! L>GE/ PRODUC]S 9 ANY 9DU/RY1 BO? 9DIVIDUALS & CORPORATIONS1 BR+ !IR HOLD+S TOGE!R4 ,SUPPOSE ?AT ONE HUNDR$ SEP>ATE PIECES ( PROP]TY >E TO BE TAK5 94 ,A BO>D ( TRU/EES IS *OS54 ,! [N]S AGREE UPON A VALUE1 9 EA*CASE1 ) ?IS BO>D ( TRU/EE-4 ,!N !Y PLACE !IR PROP]TIES 9 0TRU/ 0 & RECEIVE /OCKS1 BONDS OR MONEY FROM ! C5TRAL ORGANIZATION4 ,! TRU/ IS SIMPLY A LAT] & BETT] ORGANIZATION ?AN ! CORPORATION4 ,IT IS JU/ AS FOOLI% TO TRY TO SMA% TRU/S AS IT W\LD BE TO SMA% CORPORATIONS & P>TN]%IPS4 ,! BIGG] ! MA*9ES & ! L>G] ! M>KET1 ! GREAT] MU/ BE ! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY4 ,! P>TN]%IP MAY BE COMP>$ TO ! =MATION ( A FAMILY4 ,TWO PEOPLE UNITE = !IR MUTUAL WELF>E4 ,A CORPORATION IS LIKE A VILLAGE OR SMALL T[N4 ,!N COMES A COMB9E ( CORPORATIONS & 9DIVIDUALS :I* RESEMBLES A C\NTY4 ,F9ALLY A TRU/ IS ORGANIZ$4 ,A TRU/ CONTROLS SOME BRAN* OR GREAT DEP>TM5T ( 9DU/RY4 ,IT MAY BE COMP>$ TO A /ATE LIKE ,NEW ,YORK1 ,MISS\RI OR ,CALI=NIA4 ,9/EAD ( CONTROLL+ A DEF9ITE SECTION ( ! ,NATION'S T]RITORY1 IT CONTROLS A BRAN* ( ! ,NATION'S 9DU/RY4 

,H[ ! ,TRU/ ,BECOMES A ,MONOPOLY4-,A TRU/ 9 ANY 9DU/RY />TS ) ! L>GE/ & BE/ FACTORIES & CONTROLS ! WIDE/ M>KETS4 ,P]HAPS IT POSSESSES ALSO L>GE SUPPLIES ( RAW MAT]IALS1 A P>T ( :I* ITS SMALL COMPETITORS MU/ PUR*ASE4 ,AT FIR/ IT IS NOT LIKELY TO BE A MONOPOLY4 ,IT MAY NOT EV5 CONTROL A MAJORITY ( ! TRADE4 ,SUPPOSE ?AT IT CONTROLS #c.0 & ITS SMALL] RIVALS1 TOGE!R1 #g.04 ,BUT ! TRU/ SOON BEG9S TO SWALL[ ITS COMPETITORS4 ,IT MAY UND]SELL !M 9 !IR M>KETS4 ,IT HIRES !IR MO/ ABLE WORK+M5 & SELL+ AG5TS4 ,IT SECURES VALUABLE RAILROAD REBATES1 AN ADVANTAGE 9 :I* ! SMALL PRODUC] CANNOT %>E4 ,IT SPIES UPON ! SMALL PRODUC] UNTIL IT KN[S JU/ :AT BE IS DO+ & PLANS TO DO4 ,V]Y SOON MO/ ( ! SMALL PRODUC]S >E WILL+ TO GIVE UP ! FI<T & SELL \T TO ! TRU/4 ,IF NOT1 !Y >E =C$ 9TO BANKRUPTCY4 ,?US ! TRU/ BECOMES A MONOPOLY4 ,!N COMES ITS P]IOD ( PROSP]ITY4 ,AS A MONOPOLY A TRU/ MAY (T5 RAISE ITS PRICESCONSID]ABLY )\T 5DANG]+ ITS HOLD ON ! M>KET1 = SMALL COMPETITORS DO NOT D>E TO />T UP AGA94 ,!Y KN[ ?AT ! TRU/ WILL QUICKLY L[] PRICES 9 !IR DI/RICT & AGA9 BR+ !M TO RU94 

,! ,TRU/ & ! ,WORK]S4-,! TRU/S NOT ONLY CRU% !IR BUS9ESS COMPETITORS4 ,!Y >E ABLE TO SMA% ! OLD-FA%ION$ UNIONS :I* GREW UP 9 ! DAYS ( SMALL MA*9ES & SMALL %OPS4 ,!SE UNIONS W]E COMPOS$ ( SKILL$ WORK]S4 ,! PROGRESS ( MA*9E 9DU/RY1 MAK+ !IR SKILL UNNECESS>Y1 DE/ROY$ !IR EFFECTIV5ESS1 EV5 AS IT DID ?AT ( ! SMALL CORPORATION4 ,ONLY !RE IS ?IS DIFF]5CE4 ,9 PLACE ( ! SMALL CORPORATION HAS COME ! TRU/4 ,9 PLACE ( ! OLD-FA%ION$ UNION ! TRU/ HAS1 SO F>1 P]MITT$ FEW NEW UNIONS TO GR[4 ,! MO/ /RIK+ EXAMPLE ( ?IS IS 9 ! IRON & /EEL 9DU/RY4 ,?IS GIGANTIC TRU/ POSSESSES GREAT M9ES1 %IPS1 RAILROADS1 /EEL PLANTS & 9 SOME CASES ! T[NS 9 :I* ! PLANTS >E LOCAT$4 ,IT HAS @s#a1#d11 ( CAPITAL4 ,IT EMPLOYS1 :5 WORK+ TO ITS FULL CAPACITY1 #b1 WORK]S4 ,9 ! OLD DAYS ( SMALL PRODUCTION ! WORK]S W]E PROTECT$ BY ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,ASSOCIATION ( ,IRON & ,/EEL ,WORK]S4 ,?IS UNION SECUR$ ! EI<T-H\R DAY = MANY ( ITS MEMB]S4 ,TODAY MO/ ( ! SLAVES ( ! ,/EEL ,TRU/ TOIL TWELVE H\RS A DAY1 SEV5 DAYS A WEEK4 ,ON ! ,GREAT ,LAKES ! ,/EEL ,TRU/ HAS KILL$ ! ,SEAM5'S ,UNION & MADE S]FS ( ! SAILORS4 ,9 ! ,LAKE ,SUP]IOR M9ES ! WORK]S >E NOT P]MITT$ TO ORGANIZE4 ,!Y >E NOT EV5 P]MITT$ TO HOLD PUBLIC MEET+S = ! DISCUSSION ( !IR CONDITION4 

,! ,TRU/S ,>E ,GOV]NM5TS ( ,9DU/RY4-,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! TRU/S GR[ NATURALLY-?AT IT CANNOT BE O!RWISE4 ,!Y CAN NEV] BE DE/ROY$4 ,!RE W\LD 9 FACT BE ONLY ONE POSSIBLE WAY ( MAK+ AN 5D TO !M4 ,?AT W\LD BE TO SMA% ! L>GE MA*9ES (PRODUCTION & ! GREAT RAILWAY SY/EMS4 ,! TR\BLE IS NOT ?AT WE HAVE TRU/S4 ,! WORK]S' CONDITION COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT ! TRU/S >E [N$ & GOV]N$ BY A FEW PEOPLE4 ,V]Y (T5 !Y >E DOM9AT$ BY ONE MAN4 ,?US ,MORGAN GOV]NS ! ,/EEL ,TRU/4 ,MORGAN CAN MAKE A LAW 9CREAS+ ! H\RS OR DECREAS+ ! WAGES4 ,HE CAN PREV5T ! WORK]S FROM PROTECT+ !MSELVES 9 ! FACTORIES & ?US KILL & 9JURE ?\S&S ( !M4 ,9 FACT #ef /EEL WORK]S W]E KILL$ 9 ! MILLS ( ,PITTSBURG 9 A S+LE YE>4 

,9DU/RIAL ,TYRANNY4-,! WORK]S ?US LIVE UND] AN AWFUL TYRANNY4 ,!Y >E RUL$ )\T !IR CONS5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T :I* OPPRESSES !M IS ! GOV]NM5T ( ! %OPS1 ! M9ES & ! RAILROADS4 ,?IS GOV]NM5T DECL>ES :5 !Y %ALL WORK & :5 !Y %ALL BE IDLE4 ,ALL ( ! PR(ITS TAK5 BY ! CAPITALI/ CLASS >E 94 REALITY TAXES PAID BY ! WORK]S4 ,!SE TAXES >E NOT VOT$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,!Y >E SEIZ$ BY ! EMPLOY]S4 ,! IDEA ?AT WE HAVE FRE$OM 9 ,AM]ICA IS RIDICUL\S4 ,:AT ! CAPITALI/S CALL 0FRE$OM10 IS NO?+ BUT FRE$OM TO 5?RALL$ ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS !Y CAN N[ DO )\T LET OR H9DRANCE4 

,! ,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,E,M,P,I,R,E ,( ,A,M,],I,C,A 

,WE HAVE COMP>$ ! TRU/ TO AN 9DU/RIAL /ATE4 ,MANY /ATES MAKE UP ! ,NATION4 ,9 ! SAME WAY MANY TRU/S COMPOSE \R PRES5T GREAT NATION ( 9DU/RY4 ,! TRU/S >E RAPIDLY ORGANIZ+ 9TO ONE GREAT SY/EM4 ,SO ! ,NATION IS COM+ TO BE GOV]N$ AS AN EMPIRE4 ,J4 ,PI]PONT ,MORGAN IS N[ ! *IEF RUL] ( ?IS EMPIRE4 ,HE IS ! EMP]OR ( ! TRU/S4 ,UND] HIM !RE >E K+S & DUKES :O RULE SEP>ATE TRU/S & CORPORATIONS4 ,?IS GREAT GOV]NM5T ( 9DU/RY IS SAID1 UPON V]Y GOOD AU?ORITY1 TO HAVE BR\<T ON ! PANIC ( #aig 9 ORD] TO SEIZE SEV]AL GREAT CORPORATIONS :I*W]E FI<T+ IT4 ,DUR+ ?IS PANIC IT GRABB$ HUNDR$S ( SMALL BUS9ESSES4 

,NO CAPITALI/1 EV5 ?\< LIE MI<T POSSESS T5 MILLIONS OR TW5TY MILLIONS ( MONEY1 CAN TODAY />T ANY NEW BUS9ESS ( HIS [N UNLESS HE GOES TO ,WALL ,/REET1 APPE>S AT C\RT1 & GETS ! CONS5T ( ! ,EMP]OR ( ,AM]ICA4 ,:ATEV] SMALL SEP>ATE 9DU/RIES EXI/1 /ILL REMA9 ALIVE BECAUSE ! 9DU/RIAL EMPIRE DOES NOT WI% TO CRU% !M \T TOO FA/4 ,TO DO ?IS W\LD BE TO RAISE A CRY ( REVOLT AMONG ! MIDDLE CLASS4 ,UNTIL N[ ! WORK]S HAVE BE5 SO 5SLAV$1 SO HELPLESS1 SO DEAD5$1 ?AT ! ,WALL ,/REET MAGNATES HAVE NOT EV5 ?\<T ( !IR OPPOSITION S]I\SLY4 ,BUT IT W\LD NOT DO TO GO TOO F> & TOO FA/4 ,SO SOME SMALL BUS9ESS M5 >E /ILL P]MITT$ TO 5JOY A H&-TO-M\? EXI/5CE4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,EMPIRE & ! ,GOV]NM5T AT ,WA%+TON4-,MORGAN & HIS ASSOCIATES ON ,WALL ,/REET USE ! GOV]NM5T AT ,WA%+TON AS A TOOL TO S]VE !IR 5DS4 ,!Y RI<TLY DESPISE ! ,PRESID5T1 ! MEMB]S ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT & ,CONGRESS1 = !SE POLITICIANS >E F> B5EA? !M 9 P[] & IMPORTANCE4 ,:AT LAWS ,WALL ,/REET WANTS >E PASS$4 ,9 CASE ( A /RIKE1 ! GOV]NOR ( A /ATE IS US$ TO CONTROL ! MILITIA & CRU% ! /RIKE4 ,! F$]AL & /ATE JUDGES ISSUE 9JUNCTIONS1 ?AT IS' 1 !Y MAKE SU* NEW LAWS AS ! TRU/S WANT4 ,! P[]S ( ! SEP>ATE /ATES >E USUALLY QUITE /RONG 5\< TO DEAL ) ! DIVID$ & BL9D$ WORK+ CLASS4 ,BUT IF !SE DO NOT SUFFICE1 !N ! P[]S ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GOV]NM5T >E US$4 ,GROV] ,CLEVEL&1 A ,DEMOCRATIC ,PRESID5T1 BROKE ! GREAT ,A4 ,R4 ,U4 /RIKE 9 #a#h#i#d4 ,!ODORE ,ROOSEVELT1 A ,REPUBLICAN ,PRESID5T1 BROKE ! ,GOLDFIELD ,M9]S' /RIKE 9 #a#i#g4 ,! ,REPUBLICAN /ATE ( ,P5NSYLVANIA HAS E/ABLI%$ A /&+ >MY ( ITS [N 9 ORD] TO HAVE IT READY TO %OOT WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,! ,DEMOCRATIC LEGISLATURE ( ,FLORIDA1 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#a#a1 REFUS$ TO PASS A LAW =BIDD+ ! EMPLOYM5T ( *ILDR5 UND] EI<T YE>S ( AGE4 ,ALL ! ,DEMOCRATIC & ,REPUBLICAN (FICIALS1 FROM DOGCAT*] TO ,PRESID5T1 >E BUT ! HIR$ AG5TS ( ! EMPIRE ( 9DU/RY4 

,! ,REAL ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4-,AM]ICA IS GOV]N$ FROM ,WALL ,/REET1 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,?IS IS ! REAL SEAT ( PUBLIC P[]4 ,UND] ITS TYRANNICAL LAWS ALL ( US >E =C$ TO LIVE4 ,:5 LABOR RAISES ITS HEAD IT IS QUICKLY CLUBB$ 9TO SUBMISSION4 ,! 9DU/RIAL OLIG>*S >E N[ ATTEMPT+ TO DE/ROY FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS4 ,PR(ESSORS 9 ! UNIV]SITIES & COLLEGES & TEA*]S 9 ! PUBLIC S*OOLS DO NOT ATTEMPT TO TELL ! TRU? AB\T GOV]NM5T4 ,SU* AS DO QUICKLY LOSE !IR POSITIONS4 ,CL]GYM5 & PRIE/S DO NOT D>E PREA* ! TRU? AB\T ! WORK+ CLASS 9 !IR S]MONS1 = ! 9DU/RIAL EMPIRE IS GA9+ CONTROL ( ! *UR*ES4 ,ALL ( ! NEWSPAP]S 9 ! L>G] CITIES1 EXCEPT ! ,SOCIALI/ PAP]S1 >E [N$ \T & \T BY ! CAPITALI/S4 ,!Y >E US$ TO KEEP ! WORK]S 9 IGNORANCE & TO 5T]TA9 !M ) PICTURES1 *EAP SPORT+ NEWS & S5SATIONAL REPORTS ( SC&ALS4 

,?US ! TRU/S CONTROL ! >MY1 ! NAVY1 ! POLICE1 ! POLITICAL GOV]NM5T1 ! S*OOLS1 ! PRESS1 ! *UR*1 & EV5 ! !AT]S4 ,! 9DU/RIAL EMPIRE IS A P[] ) ITS =CES 5CAMP$ 9 EV]Y CITY & /ATE ( ! L&1 >M$ NOT ONLY ) ! WEAPONS :I* SLAY ! BODY1 BUT ALSO ) ?OSE MI<TI] WEAPONS :I* DE/ROY ! FREE M9D ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,IS ALL HOPE LO/8 

,LET US SEE4 

,! ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,L,A,B,O,R 

,CAPITALI/S CANNOT LIVE )\T WAGE-WORK]S4 ,:]E ONE CLASS EXI/S !RE ! O!R WILL BE F\ND4 ,FUR!RMORE1 !RE IS SURE TO BE TR\BLE BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,! MA/] IS ALWAYS S*EM+ TO GET MORE PR(ITS \T ( ! WORK]4 ,! WORK] FI<TS = MORE WAGES FROM HIS BOSS4 ,! LESS ONE GETS ! MORE !RE IS = ! O!R4 ,H5CE WE HAVE1 BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ & HIS WORK]1 :AT IS KN[N AS ! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE4 

,AT FIR/ ?IS /RUGGLE DOES NOT SEEM TO BE IMPORTANT4 ,! SMALL CAPITALI/ & HIS WORK]S ASSOCIATE TOGE!R & MAY = A TIME BE GOOD P]SONAL FRI5DS4 ,?IS SMALL CAPITALI/ IS NOT V]Y RI* NOR IS ! WORK] V]Y POOR4 ,! P]SONAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! TWO PREV5TS VIOL5T \TBREAKS4 ,AT ?IS /AGE ( PRODUCTION1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,AM]ICA1 ! MORE GRE$Y & CALCULAT+ WORK]S W]E CON/ANTLY 0RIS+0 & BECOM+ SMALL CAPITALI/S4 

,BUT ) EV]Y /EP 9 ! GR[? ( 9DU/RY1 PEACE BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ & WORK] BECOMES LESS LIKELY4 ,SOON ! CAPITALI/ LIVES AN ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T LIFE FROM ! WORK]4 ,HE ASSOCIATES ONLY ) HIS [N K9D4 ,HE BUILDS HIMSELF A PALACE & TRAVELS AB\T ! WORLD4 ,MEAN:ILE ! WORK] CONT9UES TO WORK & SWEAT 9 ! %OP4 ,NEI!R HE NOR ANY ( ! MEMB]S ( HIS FAMILY MEET ! CAPITALI/ OR HIS FAMILY4 ,! CAPITALI/'S *ILDR5 GO TO COLLEGE4 ,! WORK]'S *ILDR5 GO TO WORK4 

,! ,GR[? ( ! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE4-,& ?US ! TWO CLASSES COME TO BE :OLLY SEP>AT$ AS REG>DS EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE4 ,! CAPITALI/ :O NEV] WORKS COMES TO DESPISE WORK & ! WORK]S4 ,! WORK] NATURALLY HATES ! CAPITALI/ :O IS TAK+ SU* HUGE PR(ITS & PAY+ SU* L[ WAGES4 ,BUT AT FIR/ ! WORK]'S OP9IONS >E NOT CLE> 9 HIS [N M9D4 ,9 FACT1 FEW WORK]S EV5 N[ UND]/& ! REAL PROBLEM :I* CONFRONTS !M4 

,! ,PROBLEM ( ,LABOR4-,H[EV]1 IT WAS V]Y E>LY DISCOV]$ ?AT ! ONLY WAY = ! WORK]S TO MAKE HEAD AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/S WAS TO ORGANIZE4 ,! PURPOSE ( LABOR UNIONS HAS BE5 TO CONTROL OR P>TLY CONTROL1 ! CONDITIONS ( LABOR & ! DIVISION ( LABOR'S PRODUCT4 ,?AT IS1 ! WORK]S SEEK1 ?R\< !IR UNIONS1 TO HELP GOV]N ! 9DU/RIES1 9/EAD ( LETT+ ! CAPITALI/ DO JU/ AS LIE PLEASES4 ,EV]Y DEM& MADE BY ORGANIZ$ LABOR UPON ! CAPITALI/S IS 9 ! NATURE ( A PROPOS$ LAW = ! %OP4 ,:5 ! CAPITALI/ SURR5D]S & GIVES 9 TO ! DEM&S ( ! WORK]S ! LAW1 IS PASS$4 

,! ,TWO ,K9DS ( ,LABOR ,UNIONS4-,FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! LABOR UNION MOVEM5T 9 ,AM]ICA1 AB\T #a#h#b#e1 !RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 TWO VIEWS AS REG>DS ! ME?ODS & PURPOSES ( UNIONS4 ,SOME UNIONI/S ALWAYS WI%$ TO ORGANIZE ONLY ! SKILL$ WORK]S 9 SMALL GR\PS & ?US ADVANCE ! PRICE ( !IR LABOR4 ,SU* UNIONS >E CRAFT UNIONS OR TRADE UNIONS4 ,!SE DO NOT C>E MU* = ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE4 ,!Y M]ELY WI% TO HELP !MSELVES TO BETT] CONDITIONS4 ,IF ONLY ! CAPITALI/S GIVE 9 TO !IR DEM&S1 !Y MAY CONT9UE TO OPPRESS MEMB]S ( O!R CRAFTS OR UNORGANIZ$ WORK]S AS MU* AS !Y PLEASE4 ,( C\RSE SO LONG AS ! MEMB]S ( A CRAFT MAY BETT] !IR CONDITION 9 ?IS WAY !RE IS NO >GUM5T AGA9/ CRAFT UNIONISM4 ,CRAFT UNIONS WILL EXI/ AS LONG AS !Y >E SUCCESSFUL4 

,E>LY ,CLASS ,UNIONISM4-,BUT ANO!R K9D ( UNIONISM 9 SOME =M OR O!R HAS ALWAYS1 FROM ! BEG9N+1 BE5 ADVOCAT$4 ,?IS IS CLASS UNIONISM4 ,A CLASS UNION IS ONE :I* ATTEMPTS TO UNITE ALL ! WORK]S AGA9/ ALL ! CAPITALI/S4 ,IT RECOGNIZES ! FACT ?AT ALL ! WORK]S >E SUFF]+ FROM ! SAME CAUSE4 ,IT SEES ! CAPITALI/S1 :5EV] DRIV5 TO IT BY !IR 9T]E/S1 UNITE SOLIDLY AGA9/ ! WORK]S4 ,& USUALLY ! ADVOCATES ( CLASS UNIONISM HAVE BE5 WISE 5\< TO =ESEE ?AT IF ! WORK]S WI% P]MAN5T RELIEF FROM WAGE-SLAV]!Y MU/ SECURE COMPLETE CONTROL ( ! 9DU/RIES4 ,BUT :5 ?IS DOCTR9E WAS FIR/ ADVOCAT$ 9 ,AM]ICA1 EI<TY YE>S AGO1 ! TIME WAS NOT RIPE = IT4 ,! MA*9ES W]E TOO SMALL1 ! M>KETS W]E TOO LIMIT$1 & !RE=E CAPITALISM WAS NOT HI<LY 5\< ORGANIZ$4 ,IT WAS AT ?AT TIME A BEAUTIFUL & 9SPIR+ VISION ( :AT ! FUTURE WAS TO BR+1 RA!R ?AN A PRACTICAL POLICY = ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! ,GR[? ( ! ,CRAFT ,UNIONS4-,! GREAT ]ROR ( ! CRAFT UNIONI/S HAS BE5 9 ?9K+ ?AT !Y CAN P]MAN5TLY BETT] ! CONDITION ( ALL ! MEMB]S ( !IR CRAFT4 ,! SKILL$ WORK] CAN G5]ALLY SELL HIMSELF 9 ! OP5 M>KET = ONLY A LITTLE MORE ?AN ! UNSKILL$ WORK]1 AT MO/ FROM T5 TO TW5TY P]C5T MORE4 ,LET US TAKE1 = EXAMPLE1 A MA*9I/4 ,A MAN ( AV]AGE 9TELLIG5CE CAN LE>N ! MA*9I/ TRADE 9 ?REE YE>S4 ,IF ! MA*9I/S RECEIVE V]Y MU* MORE ?AN ! AV]AGE ( ! UNSKILL$ WORK]S1 L>GE NUMB]S ( ! UNSKILL$ WILL SET !MSELVES TO BECOM+ MA*9I/S4 ,BY & BY ! NUMB] ( MA*9I/S WILL \TRUN ! NUMB] ( JOBS TO BE HAD4 ,!N ! WAGES ( ! MA*9I/S WILL FALL UNTIL IT IS BUT LITTLE MORE ?AN ?AT ( UNSKILL$ LABOR4 

,TO MEET ?IS DIFFICULTY ! CRAFT UNIONI/S DO NOT ATTEMPT TO KEEP UP WAGES *IEFLY BY FI<T+ ! EMPLOY]S4 ,!Y SEEK TO MAKE ( !IR UNION A JOB TRU/4 ,?IS IS DONE1 FIR/1 BY RE/RICT+ ! NUMB] ( APPR5TICES4 ,SOME UNIONS P]MIT ONLY ! SONS & BRO!RS ( ! MEMB]S TO LE>N !IR TRADE4 ,BUT ?IS ME?OD CANNOT BE 5TIRELY SUCCESSFUL4 ,! EMPLOY]S WILL ALWAYS F9D WAYS ( SECUR+ MORE SKILL$ WORK]S4 ,SOME COME FROM O!R C\NTRIES4 ,BUT MO/ ( ! NEWCOM]S 9 ! TRADE >E ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 HELP]S4 ,?US BLACKSMI?S' HELP]S SOON BECOME BLACKSMI?S & MA*9I/S' HELP]S BECOME MA*9I/S4 ,TIME & AGA9 HAVE !SE TRADES GONE ON/RIKE ONLY TO F9D ?AT !IR HELP]S HAVE TAK5 !IR PLACES & DONE !IR WORK4 ,!RE REMA9S BUT ONE ?+ = ! UNION TO DO4 ,IT MAY KEEP \T NEW MEMB]S BY HI< 9ITIATION FEES & CLOS$ BOOKS4 ,?IS IS V]Y COMMONLY DONE & ! UNION SCALE ( WAGES = A TIME MA9TA9$4 ,BUT IT CANNOT BE P]MAN5T4 ,SOON] OR LAT]1 9 EV]Y TRADE1 COMES ! MA*9E4 ,! MA*9E IS ! GREAT LEVEL]4 ,IT HAS BROK5 '! RANKS ( UNION AFT] UNION BY MAK+ AN 5D ( ! TRADE4 ,9 ! FEW REMA9+ CRAFTS :]E HI< WAGES >E PAID & ! EI<T-H\R DAY IS MA9TA9$1 AS 9 ! BUILD+ TRADES1 !RE >E SO MANY WORK]S ?AT UNEMPLOYM5T BR+S D[N ! AV]AGE YE>LY WAGE TO F> BEL[ ! UNION SCALE4 ,ALSO1 :ILE ! CO/ ( LIV+ GOES UP FIFTY P]C5T1 ! CRAFT UNION MAY RAISE WAGES TW5TY P]C5T4 ,!RE APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 A RISE :5 9 FACT !RE HAS BE5 A FALL 9 WAGES4 ,9 ! FACE ( ALL !SE FACTS CRAFT UNIONS CANNOT MA9TA9 ! /&>D ( LIV+ ( !IR MEMB]S4 

,BUT ! GREATE/ WEAKNESS ( CRAFT UNIONS FL[S FROM ! V]Y NATURE ( !IR ORGANIZATION & PURPOSE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 :I* 9CLUDES NE>LY ALL ( ! CRAFT UNIONS ( ! ,NATION1 HAS NEV] AT ANY TIME CLAIM$ TO HAVE HAD MORE ?AN SEV5 P]C5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK+ CLASS )9 ITS RANKS4 ,IT DOES NOT EXI/ = ! PURPOSE ( ORGANIZ+ ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT IS A LOOSE ASSOCIATION ( CRAFT UNIONS1 EA* ( :I* M]ELY DESIRES TO KEEP UP ! /&>D ( WAGES & H\RS 9 ITS [N TRADE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR HAS NO MESSAGE = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT DOES NOT SEEK TO MAKE AN 5D ( UNEMPLOYM5T1 ( *ILD LABOR1 & ( ALL ! O!R FRI<TFUL CONDITIONS ( LABOR4 ,TO ACCOMPLI% ?IS IT W\LD HAVE TO MAKE AN 5D ( ! WAGES SY/EM4 ,IT W\LD HAVE TO FI<T ! CAPITALI/S AS A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE4 ,BUT 9/EAD ( FI<T+ ! CAPITALI/S1 CRAFT UNIONISM :5EV] POSSIBLE1 MAKES PEACE ) !M & SUPPORTS ! WAGES SY/EM4 ,\T ( ?IS ATTITUDE GR[S ONE ( ! GREATE/ ]RORS ( CRAFT UNIONISM1 ! SIGN+ ( AGREEM5TS ) ! EMPLOY]S4 ,!SE AGREEM5TS TIE ! H&S ( ! WORK]S & PREV5T !M FROM /RIK+ = BETT] CONDITIONS4 ,BUT !Y DO NOT PREV5T ! CAPITALI/ FROM %UTT+ UP HIS %OP & TURN+ ! WORK]S 9TO ! /REET :5EV] HE PLEASES4 ,!RE %\LD BE NO AGREEM5TS BETWE5 CAPITALI/S & WAGE WORK]S :I* B9D ! WORK]S TO !IR WORK4 ,LIKE ! BL9D1 ! CRAFT UNIONS HOBBLE ALONG A /EP AT A TIME1 SEE+ NOT :]E !Y GO4 ,EV]Y NEW 9V5TION ( MA*9]Y MAKES ! J\RNEYMAN ( TODAY ! APPR5TICE ( TOMORR[4 ,:ILE 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS IS DE/ROY+ UNION AFT] UNION1 ?OSE ?AT REMA9 HUG ! DELUSION ?AT !Y >E GO+ TO LA/ =EV]4 ,IT WAS ( !SE UNIONS ?AT ,K>L ,M>X SAID =TY-SIX YE>S AGO1 ?AT !Y G5]ALLY FAIL$ 0FROM LIMIT+ !MSELVES TO A GU]RILLA W> AGA9/ ! EFFECTS ( ! EXI/+ SY/EM 9/EAD ( TRY+ TO *ANGE IT1 9/EAD ( US+ !IR ORGANIZ$ =CES = ! ABOLITION ( ! WAGES SY/EM40 

,! ,GR[? ( ! ,CLASS ,UNIONS4-,9 ALL ( ! P>TICUL>S ABOVE 5UM]AT$1 CLASS UNIONISM IS ! OPPOSITE ( CRAFT UNIONISM4 ,! E>LY =M ( ! CLASS UNION MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR4 ,IT WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 #a#h#f#i4 ,IT ROSE TO ITS P]IOD ( GREATE/ /R5G? FROM #ahh TO #ahi & PRACTICALLY W5T \T (-EXI/5CE 9 #a#h#i#e4 ,ITS POSITION WAS FUNDAM5TALLY CORRECT4 ,IT S\<T TO BR+ TOGE!R ALL WORK]S 9 ONE BIG UNION4 ,IT KEPT /EADILY BE=E IT A GREAT G5]AL PR9CIPLE-! UNIV]SAL EI<T-H\R DAY4 ,BUT ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR1 AS REG>DS TWO MATT]S1 WAS 9 ]ROR4 ,FIR/1 :ILE IT PROVID$ = ONE BIG UNION = ALL ! WORK]S1 IT P]MITT$ NO 9DU/RIAL DEP>TM5TS1 NOR CRAFT LOCALS )9 ! UNION4 ,IT GA!R$ 9TO ONE LOCAL ! BUT*]1 ! BAK] & ! C&LE/ICK MAK]4 ,!RE >E (T5 SEP>ATE PROBLEMS ( 9DU/RIAL DEP>TM5TS1 & SOMETIMES ( CRAFT LOCALS1 :I* ! :OLE UNION CANNOT SOLVE SO WELL AS ! MEMB]S ( ! P>TICUL> 9DU/RY OR CRAFT AFFECT$4 ,9 FAIL+ TO PROVIDE = 9DU/RIAL %OP ORGANIZATIONS1 ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR PAV$ ! WAY = ITS [N DE/RUCTION4 ,SECONDLY1 ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR ADMITT$ TO ITS RANKS SMALL CAPITALI/S1 MEMB]S ( ! PR(ESSIONS & O!R NON WAGE-WORK]S4 ,?IS WAS A V]Y GREAT ]ROR4 ,A UNION %\LD CONTA9 ONLY MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,I 

,9/EAD ( MAK+ PEACE ) ! CAPITALI/ :5EV] IT CAN1 CLASS UNIONISM FI<TS ! CAPITALI/ :5EV] IT CAN4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ SATISFI$ ) ! PRES5T 5SLAV$ CONDITION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 CLASS UNIONISM HAS ALWAYS = A GOAL A P]MAN5TLY BETT] CONDITION = ALL ! WORK]S4 ,TODAY 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM1 :I* IS ! =M CLASS UNIONISM HAS TAK51 MU/ AGITATE CEASELESSLY = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM4-,! MOTTO ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM IS-,ONE UNION ( ALL WORK]S 9 AN 9DU/RY2 ALL 9DU/RIES 9 ONE UNION4 ,! QUE/ION IS1 NOT :AT TOOL DO Y\ USE1 BUT :AT K9D ( PRODUCT DO Y\ HELP TURN \T8 ,9DU/RIAL UNIONISM HAS BE5 DEVELOP$ TO MEET ! CONDITIONS CONFRONT+ ! WORK]S S9CE ! COM+ ( ! LATE/ MA*9ES & ! ORGANIZATION ( ! TRU/S4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y 9DU/RIAL UNION IS EV] ACTIVE1 ALWAYS FI<T+4 ,! PROSP]ITY ( A MOD]N LABOR ORGANIZATION IS MEASUR$ BY ITS ACTIVITY4 ,ACTIVITY = IMPROV$ CONDITIONS OR AGA9/ TILE L[]+ ( EXI/+ /&>DS ( LIV+ MEANS ?AT ! MEMB]%IP IS 9 >MS AGA9/ ! EXPLOIT]S4 

,ACTION AGA9/ EXPLOITATION REQUIRES AGITATION1 PUBLICITY1 /RIKES1 BOYCOTTS1 POLITICAL =CE-ALL ! ELEM5TS & EXPRESSIONS ( DISCONT5T4 ,DISCONT5T IS LIFE4 ,ITIMPELS TO ACTION4 ,CONT5TM5T MEANS /AGNATION & DEA?4 

,! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S4-,AS AN EXAMPLE ( :AT 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM CAN DO WE %ALL BRIEFLY TRACE ! HI/ORY ( ! MO/ SUCCESSFUL ( ALL ,AM]ICAN LABOR UNIONS1 ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S4 ,IT WAS ORGAN IZ$ 9 #ahib = ! PURPOSE ( BR++ TOGE!R ALL ! WORK]S 9 ! 9DU/RY ( METAL M9+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IT UNIT$ ! MAN :O US$ ! PICK & %OVEL & ! MAN :O US$ ! MA*9E4 ,IT 9CLUD$ ! 5G9E]S1 ! MILL & SMELT] M5 & ALL O!R WORK]S 9 & AB\T ! METAL M9ES4 

,?IS UNION ( C\RSE DEVELOP$ /R5G? ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE AMONG CRAFT UNIONS4 ,:5 A /RIKE IS DECL>$ ALL ! WORK]S /RIKE AT ONCE4 ,AGREEM5TS ) ! BOSSES >E NEV] SIGN$4 ,! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S NEV] FURNI%ES ! RIDICUL\S SPECTACLE ( ONE P>T ( ITS MEMB]S BE+ ON /RIKE AGA9/ ! EMPLOY] & ANO!R P>T AT WORK BREAK+ ! /RIKE4 ,?IS =M ( ORGANIZATION HELP$ TO DEVELOP ! FI<T+ SPIRIT = :I* ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S HAS BE5 NOT$4 ,:]E ! 9T]E/ ( EA* IS ! CONC]N ( ALL1 A SPIRIT ( G5U9E SOLID>ITY PREVAILS4 ,NO /RIKE CAN BE LONG & BITT] 5\< TO DI%E>T5 ! M9]S4 

,BY FI<T+ A S]IES ( ! GREATE/ BATTLES 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN LABOR1 ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S HAS WON ! EI<T-H\R DAY1 NOT = A FEW CRAFT UNIONI/S1 BUT = ALL ! WORK]S 9 & AB\T ! M9ES1 SKILL$ & UNSKILL$ ALIKE4 ,IT HAS OBTA9$ ALMO/ EV]Y:]E ! M9IMUM WAGE ( @s#c4 A DAY1 & 9 MANY M9+ T[NS ! M9IMUM WAGE IS @s#c4#e4 ,:]E WAGES GO UP IT IS F\ND ?AT IT IS MU* EASI] TO RAISE ?OSE ( ! SKILL$ LABOR] HI<] ?AN :]E ! UNSKILL$ >E UNORGANIZ$ & UNPROTECT$4 ,= 9/ANCE1 :]E ! UNSKILL$ WORK] RECEIV$ @s#c4#e1 ! MA*9E RUNN] @s#d4& ! 5G9E] @s#e41 TILE PICK & %OVEL M5 >E NOT ALL /RUGGL+ TO BECOME MA*9E RUNN]S & 5G9E]S4 

,! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE4-,!RE >E ?REE PHASES ( A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,!Y >E3 

G5]AL /RIKE 9 AN 9DU/RY4 

G5]AL /RIKE 9 A COMMUNITY1 OR 

G5]AL NATIONAL /RIKE4 

,! RI<T CONDITIONS = ANY ( ! ?REE ON A L>GE SCALE HAVE NEV] EXI/$4 ,SO NO ONE CAN LOGICALLY TAKE ! POSITION ?AT A G5]AL /RIKE W\LD NOT BE EFFECTIVE & NOT BE GOOD TACTICS = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,WE KN[ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ USES ! G5]AL /RIKE TO GOOD ADVANTAGE4 ,H]E IS ! POSITION ?AT WE F9D ! WORK+ CLASS & ! CAPITALI/S 93 ,! CAPITALI/S HAVE WEAL?4 ,!Y HAVE MONEY4 ,!Y 9VE/ ! MONEY 9 MA*9]Y & 9 ! RES\RCES ( ! E>?4 ,!Y OP]ATE A M9E1 A FACTORY1 OR A RAILROAD4 ,!Y KEEP ?AT FACTORY RUNN+ JU/ AS LONG AS !RE >E PR(ITS COM+ 94 ,:5 ANY?+ HAPP5S TO DI/URB ! PR(ITS1 :AT DO ! CAPITALI/S DO8 ,!Y GO ON /RIKE4 ,!Y )DRAW !IR F9ANCIAL SUPPORT FROM ?AT P>TICUL> MILL4 ,!Y CLOSE IT D[N BECAUSE !RE >E NO PR(ITS TO BE MADE !RE4 ,!Y C>E NOT :AT BECOMES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,BUT ! WORK+ CLASS1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAS ALWAYS BE5 TAU<T TO TAKE C>E ( ! CAPITALI/'S 9T]E/ 9 ! PROP]TY4 ,IT C>ES TOO LITTLE = ITS [N 9T]E/S4 ,A G5]AL /RIKE W\LD IGNORE ! CAPITALI/'S 9T]E/S & CONC]N ITSELF ) ! WORK]S' 9T]E/S ONLY4 

,P[] 9 ! ,9DU/RIES4-,! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION IS CAPABLE NOT ONLY ( ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,IT PREV5TS ! CAPITALI/S FROM DISFRAN*IZ+ ! WORK]S 9 ! %OPS4 ,IT GIVES ! VOTE TO WOM54 ,IT RE-5FRAN*ISES ! BLACK M5 & PLACES ! BALLOT 9 ! H&S ( EV]Y BOY & GIRL EMPLOY$ 9 A %OP1 MAK+ !M ELIGIBLE TO TAKE P>T 9 ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,IT MAKES !M ELIGIBLE TO LEGISLATE = !MSELVES :]E !Y >E MO/ 9T]E/$ 9 *ANG+ CONDITIONS1 NAMLY1 9 ! PLACE :]E !Y WORK4 

,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM ,GR[S4-,AT ! PRES5T TIME PRACTICALLY ! :OLE ,AM]ICAN WORK+ CLASS ACCEPTS ! PR9CIPLES ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM4 ,ALL AGREE ?AT ! WORK]S %\LD HAVE ONE BIG UNION4 ,ALL >E COM+ TO AGREE ?AT ?IS UNION MU/ MORE & MORE CONTROL 9DU/RY1 UNTIL F9ALLY IT RULES & ADM9I/]S ! 9DU/RIES ( ! ,NATION4 ,EV]Y:]E ! IDEA >\SES 9T5SE 5?USIASM4 ,! GR[? & PROGRESS ( 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION ITSELF MU/ SOON FOLL[4 ,ONCE UNIT$1 9DU/RIALLY & POLITICALLY1 & RESOLV$ TO MAKE AN 5D ( WAGE SLAV]Y1 NO?+ CAN PREV5T ! F9AL VICTORY ( ! WORK]S4 

,I,V-,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,F,R,E,$,O,M 

,SOCIALISM IS 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY IS ,SOCIALISM4 

,UND] ,SOCIALISM ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,NATION WILL BE AN 9DU/RIAL GOV]NM5T1 A %OP GOV]NM5T4 ,! POLITICAL GOV]NM5T ( TODAY1 COMPOS$ ( PRESID5T1 CONGRESS & ! C\RTS1 ) ! GOV]NM5TS ( ! V>I\S /ATES1 IS PURELY A CLASS GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS ! GOV]NM5T ( ! PROP]TY HOLD+ CLASSES4 ,ITS PURPOSE IS TO PROTECT PRIVATE PROP]TY & KEEP ! WORK]S1 :O HAVE NO PROP]TY1 9 SUBJECTION4 ,ITS MO/ IMPORTANT LAWS >E LAWS ( OPPRESSION4 ,ITS MO/ IMPORTANT BUILD+S >E C\RT H\SES & PRISONS4 ,ITS MO/ IMPORTANT S]VANTS >E POLICEM51 DETECTIVES & SOLDI]S4 

,SOCIALISM1 OR %OP GOV]NM5T BY ! WORK]S1 WILL NE$ NO >MIES1 NAVIES1 POLICE1 DETECTIVES & PRISONS4 JUDGES TODAY >E ALMO/ :OLLY CONC]N$ ) TWO K9DS ( WORK ,ONE IS TO TRY CASES AT LAW :I* GR[ \T ( PRIVATE PROP]TY RELATIONS4 ,:5 TWO PROP]TY HOLD]S QU>REL AB\T A PIECE ( PROP]TY !Y GO TO C\RT 9 ORD] TO HAVE ! FI<T SETTL$ AS *EAPLY AS POSSIBLE4 ,ANO!R FUNCTION ( ! C\RTS IS TO SIT 9 JUDGM5T UPON & DET]M9E ! PUNI%M5T ( SU* ( ! POOR AS MAY HAVE BE5 0GUILTY0 ( DISRESPECT = PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,( C\RSE EV]YBODY N[ KN[S ?AT RI* (F5D]S PUR*ASE ?IS 0JU/ICE10 :ILE POOR (F5D]S GET IT PRES5T$ TO !M4 ,DO ! />V+ POOR TAKE FOOD8 ,!Y >E S5T TO JAIL4 ,DO !Y /RIKE = MORE WAGES8 ,!Y >E CLUBB$1 %OT OR IMPRISON$4 ,SU* IS ! NATURE & PURPOSE ( ! POLITICAL GOV]NM5T TODAY4 

,UND] ,SOCIALISM !RE WILL BE NO LAWLESS RI* TO KEEP!IR PLACE BY CRU%+ ! POOR4 ,!RE WILL BE NO 5SLAV$ POOR TO BE KEPT D[N4 ,!RE WILL BE NO GREAT PRIVATE =TUNES TO FI<T AB\T 9 ! C\RTS4 ,H5CE GOV]NM5T WILL CONC]N ITSELF ONLY ) ! MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY1 ) ! PROMOTION ( PUBLIC $UCATION & ) O!R PUBLIC ACTIVITIES :I* >E ( B5EFIT TO ! WORK]S4 

,! ,G,R,[,? ,( ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,S,M 

,UNITY ( ! ,LABOR ,UNION & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ! LABOR UNION WILL COME CLOS] & CLOS] TOGE!R4 ,! LABOR UNION WILL COME TO /& = ,SOCIALISM4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY WILL ?US BECOME A M]E PHASE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! UNION & ! P>TY TOGE!R MAKE W> UPON ! 5EMY1 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,?IS FI<T IS1 FIR/ ( ALL1 A %OP FI<T4 ,IT TAKES PLACE AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION :]E ! WORK]S >E AT PRES5T 5SLAV$4 ,UNTIL ?IS IS UND]/OOD !RE CAN BE NO REAL UND]/&+ ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,TO UND]/& ! WORLD & ! WORLD'S /RUGGLE AT ! PRES5T TIME WE MU/ LOOK AT IT ?R\< %OP W9D[S4 ,?AT IS :Y COLLEGE PR(ESSORS1 PREA*]S1 AU?ORS & BUS9ESS M5 MU/ TAKE ! WORK+ CLASS PO9T ( VIEW BE=E !Y CAN UND]/& ,SOCIALISM4 ,!Y MU/ UND]/& ! /RUGGLE 9 ! %OP4 ,!N ONLY CAN !Y UND]/& ! NE$S ( ! WORK]S & ! P[] ( ! WORK]S4 ,O!RWISE !SE UPP] CLASS PEOPLE WILL BE WEAK-KNE$ RE=M]S & NOT ,SOCIALI/S4 ,MANY CL]GYM51 COLLEGE PR(ESSORS & LAWY]S1 & WORK]S :O HAVE LE>N$ !IR ,SOCIALISM FROM !SE1 IMAG9E ?AT ,SOCIALISM IS 0GOV]NM5T [N]%IP40 0,UND] ,SOCIALISM10 !Y SAY1 0! GOV]NM5T WILL [N ! RAILROADS1 ! M9ES & ! FACTORIES40 

,GOV]NM5T ,[N]%IP ,NOT ,SOCIALISM4-,GOV]NM5T [N]%IP CAN NEV] LEAD TO ,SOCIALISM4 ,IT IS NOT A /EPT[>D ,SOCIALISM4 ,IT HAS NO?+ ,SOCIALI/IC AB\T IT1 BECAUSE ALL POLITICAL GOV]NM5T IS ADM9I/RATION FROM ! TOP4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME ! EMPLOYES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,PO/-(FICE >E TREAT$ WORSE ?AN MANY EMPLOYES ( PRIVATE CAPITALI/S4 ,! RAILWAY MAIL CL]KS >E LESS PROTECT$ & WORK = LESS WAGES ?AN MO/ ( ! O!R TRA9M54 ,:]EV] ! CAPITALI/S >E BE+ DRIV5 BY ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T !Y >E CRY+ \T = 0GOV]NM5T [N]%IP0 TO SAVE !M4 ,! RAILROAD ?IEVES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WILL SOON WANT NO?+ SO MU* AS TO TURN OV] !IR WAT]$ /OCKS TO ! ,NATIONAL ,GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y W\LD !N DRAW !IR PR(ITS AS 9T]E/ ON GOV]NM5T BONDS4 ,NO PR(ITS 9 ! WORLD C\LD BE SAF]4 ,! GOV]NM5T W\LD !N HAVE TO ROB ! RAILROAD WORK]S & TURN OV] ! /OL5 MONEY TO ! IDLE GOV]NM5T RAILROAD BONDHOLD]S4 

,! PRES5T GOV]NM5TS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ( ! SEP>ATE /ATES W]E DEVELOP$ LONG BE=E ,SOCIALISM WAS ?\<T (4 ,EV5 IF ! WORK]S PUT ,SOCIALI/S ( PROV$ WISDOM & HONE/Y 9 (FICE1 ! PRES5T GOV]NM5T C\LD NOT POSSIBLY BECOME A ,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS NOT MADE = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,! WORK]S MI<T AS WELL TAKE A CANNON LEFT OV] FROM ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W>1 RUN IT ON ! /REET C> TRACK & PRET5D ?AT IT IS AN UP-TO-DATE ELECTRIC C>1 AS TO TRY TO MAKE OV] ! PRES5T GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9TO A ,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T4 ,A WISE TAILOR DOES NOT PUT /IT*ES 9 ROTT5 CLO?4 

,! POLITICAL GOV]NM5T ( CAPITALISM HAS S]V$ ITS PURPOSE4 ,ITS DAY IS DONE4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY CAN SEIZE IT1 PREV5T ITS DO+ FUR!R H>M TO ! WORK]S & AT ! PROP] TIME ?R[ IT ON ! SCRAP HEAP :]E IT WILL REPOSE ) ! \TWORN TOOLS = ! PROTECTION ( :I* IT WAS ORGANIZ$4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,EMPIRE4-,WE HAVE ALREADY DESCRIB$! NEW GOV]NM5T--! GOV]NM5T ( 9DU/RY4 ,! DEVELOPM5T BEGAN ) ! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RIAL CORPORATIONS4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME IT IS RAPIDLY BECOM+ C5TRALIZ$4 ,ITS CAPITAL IS AT ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 ,!RE ITS EXECUTIVE & LEGISLATIVE DEP>TM5TS >E LOCAT$4 ,IT IS A PLUTOCRACY1 A =M ( GOV]NM5T BY ! GREAT RI*4 ,IT IS RAPIDLY BECOM+ AN EMPIRE4 

,?IS 9DU/RIAL GOV]NM5T MAKES ! REAL LAWS ( ! L&4 ,IT DET]M9ES :O %ALL & :O %ALL NOT WORK & H[ LONG & = :AT WAGES4 ,?AT IS1 IT HAS ! P[] TO SAY :O %ALL LIVE & :O %ALL NOT LIVE4 ,IT LEGISLATES AS REG>DS ! AM\NT ( PROTECTION ! WORK] %ALL RECEIVE :ILE AT WORK4 ,IT HOLDS 9 ITS H&S ! P[]S ( BO? ! 9DU/RIAL & POLITICAL GOV]NM5TS4 ,IT HAS DECRE$1 9 ORD] ?AT PR(ITS MAY BE 9CREAS$1 ?AT ! WORK]S %ALL SUFF] SLAV]Y1 />VATION1 DISEASE & DEA?4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,REPUBLIC4-,! WORK]S' GOV]NM5T ( ! FUTURE WILL REALIZE ,SOCIALISM4 ,NO GOV]NM5T IS CREAT$ 9 A DAY4 ,ANY NEW SY/EM ( SOCIETY1 ) ITS PECULI> GOV]NM5T1 MU/ GR[ ?R\< MANY YE>S TO ITS F9AL & P]FECT$ =M4 ,9 ?IS ,SOCIALISM CANNOT BE DIFF]5T FROM O!R =MS ( GOV]NM5T4 ,SOCIALISM CANNOT BE REALIZ$ UNTIL ! WORK]S1 ?R\< !IR 9DU/RIAL GOV]NM5T1 [N & MANAGE ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS GOV]NM5T IS N[ DEVELOP+-9 ! WORK%OPS1 ( C\RSE4 ,:]EV] ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S GA9 P>TIAL CONTROL OV] ! %OP 9 :I* !Y WORK1 WE HAVE ! GR[? ( 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,IF ! WORK]S HAVE BE5 EMPLOY$ TWELVE H\RS A DAY & !Y =CE !IR EMPLOY] TO GRANT !M ! T5-H\R DAY1 !Y >E PASS+ AN IMPORTANT LAW ( ! %OP4 ,?AT LAW SPR+S FROM ! P[] ( ! WORK]S TO GOV]N ! %OP4 

,SUPPOSE ?AT ! WORK]S ( ! :OLE ,NATION DEM&$ & 5=C$ ! EI<T-H\R DAY4 ,?AT W\LD BE A MI<TI] LAW 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! WORK+ CLASS ?AN ALL ! LAWS EV] PASS$ BY ,CONGRESS & ! /ATE LEGISLATURES4 

,) ! GR[? ( ! ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIAL & POLITICAL P[] ( ! WORK]S1 ! CLASS /RUGGLE WILL BECOME4 EV] KE5]4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( ! CAPITALI/S WILL MAKE W> ON ! WORK]S4 ,! BATTLE WILL RAGE ?R\<\T ! L&1 9 EV]Y CITY & T[N1 9 EV]Y %OP & M9E4 ,IT WILL CONT9UE UNTIL ! WORK]S >E /RONG 5\< TO GA9 COMPLETE CONTROL ( ! ,NATION'S 9DU/RIES4 ,! TRU/ IS ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RY4 ,! LABOR UNION WILL BECOME ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 

,! ,C,L,A,S,S ,/,R,U,G,G,L,E ,9 ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,S 

,9 !IR W> UPON ! WORK+ CLASS1 ONE ( ! MO/ EFFECTIVE WEAPONS ( ! CAPITALI/S HAS BE5 ! PHYSICAL =CE WIELD$ BY !IR POLITICAL GOV]NM5T4 ,EV]Y:]E ! WORK]S HAVE BE5 FOOL$ 9TO SUPPORT+ ?IS GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,REPUBLICAN & ,DEMOCRATIC P>TIES & ! V>I\S RE=M P>TIES >E MA9TA9$ TO KEEP ! WORK]S DIVID$4 ,:I*EV] ( !SE CAPITALI/ P>TIES IS VICTORI\S1 ! WORK]S >E ALWAYS DEFEAT$4 ,DEMOCRATIC1 ,REPUBLICAN & RE=M POLITICIANS ALIKE USE ! P[]S ( GOV]NM5T 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! MA/] CLASS1 :]EV] ! WORK]S SEEK TO CONTROL ! %OP4 ,:5EV] ! WORK]S /RIKE !Y >E BRUTALLY CLUBB$1 /ABB$ & %OT BY POLICE & SOLDI]S4 ,:5EV] !Y DECL>E A BOYCOTT !Y MAY BE PUT 9 JAIL4 ,9JUNCTIONS PREV5T !M FROM PICKET+ A /RUCK %OP & TALK+ TO ! /RIKE BREAK]S4 ,! C\RTS SEIZE ! FUNDS ( ! UNION & TURN !M OV] TO ! CAPITALI/S4 

,=TUNATELY ! MALE WORK]S HAVE ! RI<T TO VOTE4 ,AT FIR/ !Y FOOLI%LY TRY TO DEF5D !MSELVES BY DEFEAT+ ?IS OR ?AT OBNOXI\S POLITICIAN ( ! OLD P>TIES4 ,!Y VOTE = SU* POLITICIANS AS CALL !MSELVES 0! FRI5DS ( LABOR40 ,BUT !Y SOON F9D \T AGA9 ?AT 0! FRI5DS ( LABOR0 \T ( (FICE1 BECOME ! 5EMIES ( LABOR :5 9 (FICE4 ,SO F9ALLY1 9 EV]Y C\NTRY UND] ! SUN1 ! WORK]S >E =C$ TO ORGANIZE A P>TY ( !IR [N4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4-,9 ,AM]ICA ?IS P>TY ( ! WORK]S IS ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,IT HAS N[ BE5 DEVELOP+ = NE>LY TW5TY YE>S4 ,= MANY WORK]S IT SEEMS TO GR[ TOO SL[LY4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ( ! GREAT WORK & MISSION ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,A LABOR RE=M P>TY MI<T ELECT (FIC]S V]Y QUICKLY & 9 A FEW YE>S CONTROL ! C\NTRY4 ,9 ,AU/RALIA ?IS HAS ACTUALLY TAK5 PLACE4 ,BUT ! WORK]S ( ,AU/RALIA HAVE F\ND ?AT !IR ,LABOR ,P>TY IS NO BETT] ?AN ANY O!R CAPITALI/ P>TY4 ,?IS IS SO BECAUSE IT IS NOT A ,SOCIALI/ P>TY4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY /&S NOT M]ELY = ! ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L SUPREMACY ( LABOR4 ,IT /&S = ! ,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L SUPREMACY ( LABOR4 ,ITS PURPOSE IS NOT TO SECURE OLD AGE P5SIONS & FREE MEALS = S*OOL *ILDR54 ,ITS MISSION IS TO HELP OV]?R[ CAPITALISM & E/ABLI% ,SOCIALISM4 

,:AT ,WILL ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ,DO8-,! GREAT PURPOSE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY IS TO SEIZE ! P[]S ( GOV]NM5T & ?US PREV5T !M FROM BE+ US$ BY ! CAPITALI/S AGA9/ ! WORK]S4 ,) ,SOCIALI/S 9 POLITICAL (FICES ! WORK]S CAN /RIKE & NOT BE %OT4 ,!Y CAN PICKET %OPS & NOT BE >RE/$ & IMPRISON$4"9 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS1 N[ (T5 ABOLI%$ BY ! TYRANNICAL CAPITALI/S1 WILL BE SECUR$ TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!N !Y CAN CONT9UE ! %OP ORGANIZATION & ! $UCATION ( ! WORK]S4 ,TO W9 ! DEM&S MADE ON ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO CONTROL ! GOV]NM5T1 AS EXP]I5CE %[S /RIKES TO HAVE BE5 LO/ ?R\< ! 9T]F]5CE ( C\RTS &MILITIA4 ,! SAME FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T1 CONTROLL$ BY A CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK+ CLASS1 WILL BE US$ TO 9SPIRE CONFID5CE & COMPEL ! :EELS ( 9DU/RY TO MOVE 9 SPITE ( ! DEVICES & /UMBL+ BLOCKS ( ! CAPITALI/S4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY IS NOT A POLITICAL P>TY 9 ! SAME S5SE AS O!R P>TIES4 ,! SUCCESS ( ,SOCIALISM W\LD ABOLI% PRACTICALLY EV]Y (FICE EXI/+ UND] ! PRES5T =M ( GOV]NM5T4 ,C\NCILS1 LEGISLATURES & CONGRESSES W\LD NOT BE COMPOS$ PR9CIPALLY ( LAWY]S1 AS !Y >E N[1 :OSE HI<E/ AMBITION SEEMS TO BE TO 5ACT LAWS ) LOOP-HOLES 9 !M = ! RI*4 ,BUT ! LEGISLATURES ( ! WORK]S W\LD BE COMPOS$ ( M5 & WOM5 REPRES5T+ ! DIFF]5T BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY & !IR WORK W\LD BE TO IMPROVE ! CONDITIONS ( LABOR1 TO M9IMIZE ! EXP5DITURE ( LABOR-P[]1 & TO 9CREASE PRODUCTION4 

,! ,M,E,S,S,A,G,E ,( ,! ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,/ ,P,>,T,Y 

,! MO/ PRICELESS 9TELLECTUAL POSSESSION ( ! WORLD'S WORK]S HAS BE5 ! GIFT ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T4 ,?IS 9CLUDES A COMPLETE SY/EM ( ?\<T ) REG>D TO HUMAN SOCIETY & SOCIAL PROGRESS4 ,IT WAS WORK$ \T BY ! FIR/ GREAT SCI5TIFIC ,SOCIALI/S1 ,K>L ,M>X & ,FR$]ICK ,5GELS4 ,!IR MA9 IDEAS >E 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS SY/EM4 ,WE %ALL BRIEFLY DISCUSS EA* ( !SE4 

,SURPLUS ,VALUE4-,LONG BE=E ! COM+ ( ! MOD]N ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T IT WAS UND]/OOD BY ! ECONOMI/S ?AT ALL WEAL? IS PRODUC$ BY LABOR4 ,H[ !N1 IT WAS QUE/ION$1 CAN PR(ITS BE ACC\NT$ =8 ,IF LABOR PRODUCES ALL WEAL? :Y DO NOT ! LABOR]S RECEIVE !IR FULL PRODUCT8 ,! ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION WAS NOT KN[N UNTIL IT CAME FROM ,K>L ,M>X4 ,WAGES1 SAID ,M>X1 >E NOT ! FULL PRODUCT ( LABOR4 ,NOR >E WAGES ANY1DEF9ITE P>T ( ! PRODUCT4 ,WAGES >E SIMPLY ! SELL+ PRICE ( ! WORK] 9 ! M>KET4 ,?IS SELL+ PRICE1 ON ! AV]AGE1 IS JU/ 5\< TO KEEP ! WORK] 9 GOOD CONDITION TO DO HIS WORK & PRODUCE SOME ONE TO TAKE HIS PLACE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 IF ! WORK] TOILS T5 H\RS & PRODUCES @s#a4 WOR? ( WEAL?1 HE DOES NOT RECEIVE @s#a41 NOR @s#e44 ,IF @s#b4 WILL SUPPORT HIM HE RECEIVES @s#b41 & NO MORE4 ,!SE @s#b4 >E HIS WAGES & ! REMA9+ @s#h4 >E ! PR(ITS ( ! CAPITALI/4 ,IF ! H\RS ( ! WORK] BE 9CREAS$1 & BETT] MA*9ES 9TRODUC$1 ! WORK]S' PRODUCT IS 9CREAS$1 LET US SAY1 TO @s#a#e44 ,DO ! WORK]S' WAGES GO UP8 ,NO4 ,9/EAD ( RIS+ !Y FALL4 ,!Y >E N[ BUT @s#a4#e4 

,! !ORY ( SURPLUS VALUE IS ! BEG9N+ ( ALL ,SOCIALI/ KN[L$GE4 ,IT %[S ! CAPITALI/ 9 HIS TRUE LI<T1 ?AT ( AN IDL] & P>ASITE4 ,IT PROVES TO ! WORK]S ?AT CAPITALI/S %\LD NO LONG] BE P]MITT$ TO TAKE ANY ( !IR PRODUCT4 ,)\T ?IS KN[L$GE ! WORK] WILL NEV] FI<T ALONG CORRECT L9ES4 ,) ?IS KN[L$GE HE WILL NEV] /OP FI<T+ UNTIL ,SOCIALISM1 :I* WILL GIVE TO ! WORK+ CLASS ! :OLE ( ITS PRODUCT1 %ALL BE FULLY REALIZ$4 

,ECONOMIC ,DET]M9ISM4-,UNTIL ,M>X IT WAS G5]ALLY ?\<T ?AT HI/ORY WAS MADE BY GREAT M54 ,GREAT M5 WON BATTLES1 MADE TREATIES ( PEACE1 CREAT$ CON/ITUTIONS & LAWS1 RUL$ NATIONS1 & SAV$ HUMANITY FROM DE/RUCTION4 ,M>X & ,5GELS %[$1 ?R\< !IR /UDY ( HI/ORY1 ?AT ?IS WAS A *ILDI% VIEW ( LIFE & ( GOV]NM5T4 ,! GREAT FACTS ( HI/ORY-ITS W>S1 ITS GOV]NM5TS1 ITS >T1 SCI5CE & LIT]ATURE-!SE W]E CREAT$ BY A DEEP] SOCIAL =CE4 ,?IS =CE1 SAID ,M>X1 WAS ! ECONOMIC OR MAT]IAL =CE4 ,PEOPLE LIV$ AS !Y DID & ACT$ AS !Y DID1 BECAUSE !Y MADE !IR LIV+ 9 A C]TA9 WAY4 ,IF !Y US$ SMALL1 RUDE TOOLS1 & ! SOIL !Y WORK$4 WAS POOR1 !IR IDEASW\LD BE MU* DIFF]5T FROM :AT !Y W\LD BE IF !Y US$ L>G] & MORE PRODUCTIVE TOOLS UPON RI*] SOIL4 ,! NATURE ( MAN'S SOCIAL LIFE DEP5DS *IEFLY UPON ! PHYSICAL CONDITIONS UND] :I* HE IS LIV+4 ,?IS SAME PR9CIPLE IS TRUE 9 MATT]S ( MORALITY4 ,AN 9DIVIDUAL1 OR NATION1 OR A CLASS1 WILL F9ALLY COME TO ?9K ?AT RI<T :I* IS TO HIS MAT]IAL ADVANTAGE4 ,NATIONS MAKE W> 9 ORD] TO ADD TO !IR POSSESSIONS4 ,9DIVIDUALS 5GAGE 9 SU* WORK OR BUS9ESS AS WILL YIELD !M ! L>GE/ PAY OR PR(ITS4 ,A CLASS WILL FI<T TO ! DEA? ) ANO!R CLASS OV] PR(ITS OR WAGES4 

,9 W>1 KILL+ PEOPLE & BURN+ CITIES IS ?\<T TO BE A PATRIOTIC WORK4 ,IF SUCCESSFUL IT IS CONSID]$ TO BE RI<T & F9E4 ,9 9DU/RY ! CAPITALI/S WILL 5?RALL$ SMALL *ILDR51 & ! PR(ITS WRUNG FROM !IR PITIFUL TOIL GOES TO BUILD *UR*ES & UNIV]SITIES & SUPPORT ,*RI/IAN MISSIONS4 ,! MURD]\S CAPITALI/ :O ROBS CRADLES TO GET HIS GOLD COMES TO BE PRAIS$ AS MO/ 0B5EVOL5T10 0VIRTU\S10 0RELIGI\S10 ETC4 

,:5 ! WORK]1 EI!R ?R\< EXP]I5CE OR A /UDY ( ,SOCIALISM1 COMES TO KN[ ?IS TRU?1 HE ACTS ACCORD+LY4 ,HE RETA9S ABSOLUTELY NO RESPECT = ! PROP]TY 0RI<TS0 ( ! PR(IT-TAK]S4 ,HE WILL USE ANY WEAPON :I* WILL W9 HIS FI<T4 ,HE KN[S ?AT ! PRES5T LAWS ( PROP]TY >E MADE BY & = ! CAPITALI/S4 ,!RE=E HE DOES NOT HESITATE TO BREAK !M4 ,HE KN[S ?AT :ATEV] ACTION ADVANCES ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS RI<T1 BECAUSE IT WILL SAVE ! WORK]S FROM DE/RUCTION & DEA?4 ,A KN[L$GE ( ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM PLACES ! WORK] SQU>ELY OIL HIS 9TELLECTUAL FEET & MAKES HIM BOLD & 9DEP5D5T ( M9D4 

,! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE4-,AN UND]/&+ ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 :I* WE HAVE REPEAT$LY DISCUSS$ BE=E1 COMES ONLY FROM A KN[L$GE ( ! ECONOMIC 9T]PRETATION ( HI/ORY4 ,IF ! CONDITIONS ( A PEOPLE >E DET]M9$ BY ! NATURE ( ! TOOLS !Y USE1 ( ! WORK !Y DO1 & BY !IR RELATION TO !SE TOOLS 7?AT IS1 :E!R !Y [N !M OR NOT71 !N WE MAY EASILY OBTA9 AN 9SI<T 9TO ! WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,ALL ! GREAT REVOLUTIONS ( HI/ORY1 SAID ,M>X1 HAVE BE5 CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,SO1 TOO1 MU/ BE ! MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S4 ,NO CLASS HAS BE5 REALLY FREE UNTIL IT HAS RUL$ SOCIETY4 ,!RE=E ! WORK+ CLASS1 TO BE FREE1 MU/ RULE SOCIETY4 ,BUT ! WORK]S1 :5 !Y FREE !MSELVES1 WILL MAKE SLAVES ( NO ONE4 ,MA*9ES WILL BE SO DEVELOP$ ?AT EV]Y ONE CAN LABOR & LIVE 9 FRE$OM4 ,LONG AGO SLAV]Y WAS NECESS>Y TO ! 5D ?AT ! MA/] MI<T DEVELOP CIVILIZATION4 ,UND] ,SOCIALISM A HI<] & BETT] CIVILIZATION WILL BE OP5 TO ALL4 

,! ,GR[? ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4-,! NECESSITY & VALUE ( A KN[L$GE ( ,SOCIALISM TO ! WORK+ CLASS NE$ NOT BE EMPHASIZ$4 ,9TO EV]Y C\NTRY HAS GONE ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ) ITS MESSAGE ( 5LI<T5M5T & HOPE4 ,?IS P>T ( ITS WORK HAS JU/ BEGUN4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 ON ,APRIL #a1 #a#i#a#a1 EI<TY ?\S& PEOPLE HAD ACCEPT$ ! PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIALISM & JO9$ ! ,P>TY4 ,9 #a#i#a1 ITS C&IDATES RECEIV$ #f1 VOTES4 ,BUT MILLIONS REMA9 TO BE $UCAT$ TO A KN[L$GE ( ,SOCIALISM BE=E FRE$OM CAN BE OBTA9$4 ,9 ?IS WORK BO? ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ! LABOR UNION WILL BE> A PROM95T P>T4 ,DUR+ ! POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS ! $UCATIONAL WORK ( ! ,P>TY IS ESPECIALLY EFFECTIVE4 ,IT CAN !N GET ! E> ( ! WORK+ CLASS & EMPHASIZE ! GREAT TRU?S IT BE>S4 ,POLITICAL VICTORIES >E !MSELVES ( GREAT VALUE 9 DRAW+ ! ATT5TION ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO ,SOCIALISM & SPREAD+ A DESIRE TO UND]/& IT4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,CITIES4,!4 ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY HAS A FUR!R FUNCTION4 ,MOD]N 9DU/RIAL CITIES >E A PRODUCT ( ,CAPITALISM4 ,!Y >E GR[+ & WILL CONT9UE TO GR[ CON/ANTLY L>G]4 ,! GOV]NM5TS ( CITIES >E MU* MORE ?AN ! AG5TS ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,!Y DEVELOP SOCIAL S]VICE DEP>TM5TS1 SU* AS ! FIRE DEP>TM5T1 ! WAT]WORKS1 PUBLIC S*OOLS & P>KS4 ,?R\< A DEP>TM5T ( PUBLIC HEAL?1 !Y CAN1 BY MEANS ( SCI5TIFIC HYGI5E1 PROTECT & PROMOTE ! HEAL? ( ! COMMUNITY4 

,!SE GOV]NM5TS ( CITIES >E AT PRES5T RUN BY POLITICIANS1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! CAPITALI/S1 = GRAFT4 ,!Y MU/ BE CAPTUR$ & US$ 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! WORK]S4 ,BUT AT PRES5T1 CITY GOV]NM5T 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! WORK]S IS MADE ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?R\< ! CAPITALI/ CONTROL ( ! /ATES4 ,) ! GR[? ( ! ,SOCIALI/ POLITICAL P[] !Y CAN MORE & MORE BE LIB]AT$ TO S]VE ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! MISSION ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY IS !RE=E ?REEFOLD3 

,FIR/1 IT MU/ LAY BOLD ( ALL ! P[]S ( POLITICAL GOV]NM5T & PREV5T !M FROM BE+ US$ AGA9/ ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S4 

,SECOND1 IT MU/ BE ! BE>] ( S\ND KN[L$GE1 US+ ITS GREAT & GR[+ ORGANIZATION TO TEA* ,SOCIALISM4 

,?IRD1 IT MU/ USE ! GOV]NM5TS ( ! CITIES TO ADVANCE ! SOCIAL 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! ,S,O,C,I,A,L ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

,! ,SOCIALI/1 ?R\< HIS KN[L$GE ( ! LAW GOV]N+ SOCIAL PROGRESS1 GA9S AN 9SI<T 9TO ! FUTURE :I* IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ?OSE IGNORANT ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,?R\< HIS /UDY ( HI/ORY LIE COMES TO UND]/& ! P>T PLAY$ BY REVOLUTIONS4 ,:5EV] A SOCIAL CLASS HAS BECOME P[]FUL 5\< TO RULE SOCIETY IT HAS SEIZ$ ! RE9S ( GOV]NM5T4 ,?US ! CAPITALI/ CLASS 9 WE/]NK+S4 ,!Y HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ ?IS ?R\< A NUMB] ( REVOLUTIONS4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT ( !SE W]E ! ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA HAS MADE AN 5D ( ! P[] ( ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#f#d#b1 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#g#h#i1 & ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#g#g#f4 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS A V]Y GREAT REVOLUTION4 ,IT MADE AN 5D ( ! P[] ( ! ,S\!RN SLAVEHOLD+ CLASS & E/ABLI%$ CAPITALISM 9 ! ,S\?4 

,:5 ! WORK+ CLASS IS /RONG 5\< BO? 9 ITS UNION & AT ! BALLOT BOX1 IT WILL MAKE AN 5D ( CAPITALISM4 ,?AT P]IOD 9 :I* IT WILL BE 5GAG$ 9 ! WORK ( SEIZ+ ALL ! P[]S ( 9DU/RIAL & POLITICAL GOV]NM5T1 WILL BE ! P]IOD ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,( C\RSE WE CANNOT TELL :5 ?IS WILL COME4 ,NEI!R CAN WE TELL :E!R ! P]IOD ( REVOLUTION WILL BE LONG OR %ORT4 ,BO? WILL DEP5D UPON SEV]AL FACTS4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT QUE/ION IS1 H[ LONG WILL IT TAKE TO $UCATE & ORGANIZE ! WORK+ CLASS8 ,?IS WILL DEP5D MU* ON :AT ! CAPITALI/S WILL DO4 ,! REVOLUTION MI<T BE HA/5$ BY A PANIC4 ,IT MI<T BE RET>D$ BY A =EIGN W> OR BY CAPITALI/ RE=MS4 ,BUT IT IS B\ND TO COME4 ,?AT ! WELL 9=M$ ,SOCIALI/S CAN CLE>LY SEE4 

,SOCIALI/ ,GOV]NM5T ,WILL ,BE ,9DU/RIAL ,GOV]NM5T4 -,= ! REVOLUTION TO BE SUCCESSFUL1 IT WILL HAVE TO RESULT 9 ! [N]%IP & CONTROL ( ! L&1 %OPS1 M9ES & RAILROADS BY ! WORK]S4 ,! GOV]NM5T GIV5 TO ! ,NATION BY ! ,SOCIALI/S MU/ BE AN 9DU/RIAL GOV]NM5T4 ,! NEW ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,NATION MU/ ORGANIZE ! 9DU/RIES4 ,! PRES5T 9DU/RIAL EMPIRE WILL BE *ANG$ 9TO AN 9DU/RIAL REPUBLIC4 ,! CONGRESS OR LEGISLATURE ( ! WORK]S WILL MAKE LAWS = ! MANAGEM5T ( ! 9DU/RIES4 

,POLITICAL ,/ATES ,M]G$ BY ,9DU/RY4-,! SEP>ATE /ATES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE LONG S9CE CEAS$ TO BE NE$$4 ,AT ONE TIME ! PEOPLE ( DIFF]5T /ATES W]E WIDELY SEP>AT$ BECAUSE IT TOOK SO LONG TO TRAVEL FROM ONE TO ANO!R4 ,N[ !Y >E CONNECT$ BY RAILROADS1 TELEGRAPH1 ! PO/-(FICE & BY ! TRU/S & LABOR UNIONS4 ,AN OLD-FA%ION$ F>M] W\LD 9H]IT HIS FA!R'S F>M & LEAVE IT TO HIS SON4 ,HIS FAMILY W]E P]MAN5T CITIZ5S ( ! /ATE 9 :I* HE LIV$4 ,BUT ! MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVE FROM /ATE TO /ATE 9 SE>* ( EMPLOYM5T1 C>+ LITTLE 9 :I* ONE !Y HAPP5 TO BE4 ,LET US SAY ?AT A WORK] IS EMPLOY$ BY ! ,P5NSYLVANIA ,RAILROAD ,COMPANY4 ,HIS EMPLOY] IS ! /ATE ( :I* HE IS A MEMB]1 & :I* GOV]NS HIM4 ,HE MAY LIVE 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 ,P5NSYLVANIA1 OR ANY ( SIX O!R POLITICAL /ATES4 ,AS A TRA9MAN HE GOES ?R\< !M BUT DOES NOT RECOGNIZE !IR B\ND>IES4 

,SIMILI>LY1 A WORK] = ! ,GR& ,TRUNK ,RAILWAY 9 ,CANADA MAY LIVE 9 ,MI*IGAN1 ,ONT>IO OR ,NEW ,YORK4 ,BUT ! PLACE ( HIS RESID5CE IS NOT IMPORTANT AT ALL :5 COMP>$ ) ! PROV9CE ( ! ,GR& ,TRUNK SY/EM TO :I* HE IS SUBJECT1 ,! GREAT ,SMELT] ,TRU/ EXT5DS ITS OP]ATIONS FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9TO ,CANADA & ,MEXICO4 ,CANADA & ,MEXICO >E P>TS ( ! ,AM]ICAN 9DU/RIAL EMPIRE4 ,! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S HAS MORE LOCALS 9 ,BRITI% ,COLUMBIA ?AN 9 ANY ,AM]ICAN /ATE4 ,MEMB]S ( ! ,W4 ,F4 ( ,M4 GO BACK & =? OV] ! ,CANADIAN BORD]1 WORK+ (T5 = ! SAME TRU/ ON BO? SIDES ( ! L9E & SUPPORT+ ALWAYS ! SAME UNION4 ,SO ) ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM4 ,IT WILL RECOGNIZE NO POLITICAL B\ND>Y L9ES4 ,TO ! WORK+ CLASS !RE IS NO =EIGN] BUT ! CAPITALI/4 

,NO ,SOCIALISM BUT ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM4-,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T WILL CONC]N ITSELF 5TIRELY ) ! %OP4 ,SOCIALISM CAN DEM& NO?+ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL \TSIDE ! %OP4 ,IT WILL NOT SAY TO ! WORK] H[ LIE %ALL USEHIS PRODUCT4 ,SOCIALISM HAS ABSOLUTELY NO?+ TO DO ) EI!R RELIGION OR ! FAMILY4 ,IT HAS NO CONC]N ) ! NUMB]LESS SOCIAL RE=MS :I* ! CAPITALI/S >E N[ PREA*+ 9 ORD] TO SAVE !IR MIS]ABLE PR(IT SY/EM4 

,OLD AGE P5SIONS >E NOT ,SOCIALISM4 ,! WORK]S HAD MU* BETT] FI<T = HI<] WAGES & %ORT] H\RS4 ,OLD AGE P5SIONS UND] ! PRES5T GOV]NM5T >E EI!R *>ITY DOL$ \T TO PAUP]S1 OR BRIBES GIV5 TO VOT]S BY POLITICIANS4 ,SELF-RESPECT+ WORK]S DESPISE SU* MEANS ( SUPPORT4 ,FREE MEALS OR C5T MEALS = POV]TY-/RICK5 S*OOL *ILDR5 >E NOT ,SOCIALISM4 ,9DU/RIAL FRE$OM WILL 5ABLE P>5TS TO GIVE !IR *ILDR5 SOLID FOOD AT HOME4 ,FREE FOOD TO ! WORK]S CUTS WAGES & KILLS ! FI<T+ SPIRIT4 

,Q,U,E,/,I,O,N,S ,C,O,N,C,],N,+ ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,S,M 

,:5 A WORK] UND]/&S ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM1 HE DOES NOT ASK :O WILL DO ! H>D WORK1 WILL ,SOCIALISM DIVIDE UP1 WILL ,SOCIALISM DE/ROY 9C5TIVE1 & SIMIL>1 FOOLI% QUE/IONS4 ,YET SOME S]I\S QUE/IONS REMA9 TO BE ANSW]$4 ,:5 ,SOCIALISM IS EXPLA9$ AS A POLITICAL S*EME1 TO BE BR\<T AB\T BY ! PASS+ ( LAWS 9 ! LEGISLATURES & ,CONGRESS1 !SE QUE/IONS >E NATURALLY MANY & H>D4 ,BUT ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM IS ,SOCIALISM ) ITS WORK+ CLO!S ON4 ,IT IS EASILY UND]/OOD BY ! WORK]S4 ,AS WE LOOK FROM %OP W9D[S UPON ! WORLD AB\T US1 ! QUE/IONS :I* COME 9TO \R M9DS AB\T ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM >E FEW & SIMPLE4 

,! ,TIME & ,DURATION ( ,WORK ,UND] ,SOCIALISM4,EV]YBODY N[ REALIZES ?AT IT IS RIDICUL\S = SANE PEOPLE TO WORK ALL DAY & EV]Y DAY4 0,! LESS WORK ! BETT]10 IS ! MOTTO :I* ! WORK]S MU/ SET !MSELVES4 ,LET ! IMM5SE PR(ITS :I* N[ GO TO ! CAPITALI/S BE TAK5 BY ! WORK]S4 ,LET ALL ! LAWY]S1 MO/ ( ! PHYSICIANS1 ! DRUMM]S1 & ! HO/( SMALL /OREKEEP]S & ! UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S BUT GO TO WORK & PRODUCE WEAL?4 ,LET ALL ! WEAL? N[ WA/$ 9 W>S1 9 /RIKES1 9 COMPETITIVE BUS9ESS-LET ALL ?IS WA/E /OP4 ,LET ! NEWE/ & BE/ MA*9ES & SCI5TIFIC ME?ODS BE EV]Y:]E US$4 ,LET ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! WORK]S BE LIB]AT$ = ! MANY 9V5TIONS & ! DEVELOPM5T ( BETT] PROCESSES1 :I* W\LD RAPIDLY FOLL[ UND] ,SOCIALISM4 ,IF ALL ?IS W]E TO BE DONE1 IT IS READILY SE5 ?AT A SMALL PORTION ( ! DAY1 OR A FEW DAYS P] MON?1 OR A FEW MON?S /EADY WORK P] YE>1 WILL YIELD WEAL? 9 ABUNDANCE4 ,IT W\LD BE FOOLI% = US TO SAY H[ MU* A WORK] %\LD WORK1 BECAUSE WE DO NOT KN[ H[ MU* WEAL? LIE WILL DESIRE = HIMSELF & HIS FAMILY4 ,IT IS NOT = US TO DET]M9E ?AT4 ',BUT IT IS MO/ REASONABLE TO SUPPOSE ?AT UND] ,SOCIALISM AN 9DIVIDUAL WORK+ EI<T H\RS A DAY = F\R MON?S 9 ! YE> WILL PRODUCE FOOD1 CLO?+ & %ELT] 9 ABUNDANCE = A FAMILY ( FIVE PEOPLE4 

,VOTES = ,WOM54-,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T WILL BE A DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T ( 9DU/RY BY ALL ! WORK]S4 ,( C\RSE BO? M5 & WOM5 WILL WORK4 ,FREE PEOPLE DO NOT WI% TO BE SUPPORT$1 NOR SUPPORT IDL]S & P>ASITES4 ,!RE=E1 :5 ?OSE :O WORK RULE1 WOM5 WILL TAKE P>T 9 GOV]NM5T4 

,?OSE ,:O ,WILL ,NOT ,WORK4-,?OSE :O WILL NOT WORK WILL PROBABLY NOT BE P]MITT$ TO />VE4 ,!Y WILL UND\BT$LY BE T5D]LY C>$ = 9 9SANE HOSPITALS & NURS$ BACK TO HEAL?4 ,AT PRES5T1 EV51 ALL HEAL?FUL PEOPLE WI% TO WORK1 YET NONE DESIRE LIFELONG SLAV]Y TO ! PR(IT ( O!RS4 

,! ,C,O,M,+ ,F,R,E,$,O,M 

,9 ! %OP !RE MU/ BE GOV]NM5T1 ,9 ! S*OOL !RE MU/ BE GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ! CONDUCT ( ! GREAT PUBLIC S]VICES !RE MU/ BE GOV]NM5T4 ,WE HAVE%[N ?AT ,SOCIALISM WILL MAKE GOV]NM5T ?R\<\T DEMOCRATIC4 ,! BASIS ( ?IS FRE$OM WILL BE ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO DEVELOP HIS P[]S4 ,PEOPLE WILL BE $UCAT$ 9 FRE$OM4 ,!Y WILL WORK 9 FRE$OM4 ,!Y WILL LIVE 9 FRE$OM4 ,MO/ ( ! DISEASES :I* N[ AFFLICT HUMANITY WILL BE UNKN[N BECAUSE !IR CAUSES WILL HAVE BE5 REMOV$4 ,:]E !RE IS PL5TY = ALL1 NONE WILL BE DRIV5 TO SW9DLE1 TO /EAL OR TO TAKE PR(ITS4 ,HI<] $UCATION WILL BE )9 ! REA* ( EV]Y ONE4 ,SCI5CE & ! >TS WILL FL\RI%4 

,SOCIALISM WILL E/ABLI% DEMOCRACY 9 ! %OP4 ,DEMOCRACY 9 ! %OP WILL FREE ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 ?R\< SECUR+ FRE$OM = ITSELF1 WILL LIB]ATE ! RACE4 ,SOCIALISM WILL FREE NOT ONLY ! SLAVE 4BUT ! SLAVE-DRIV] & ! SLAVE-[N]4 ,SOCIALISM TODAY MAKES W> UPON ! 5EMIES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,:5 IT IS VICTORI\S1 ! 5EMIES ( ! WORK+ CLASS WILL EMBRACE IT4 ,PEACE & BRO!RHOOD WILL COME ) FRE$OM4 ,!N WE %ALL HAVE ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM4 

,P,U,B,L,I,%,],S' ,A,N,N,\,N,C,E,M,5,T4 

,IF Y\ >E 9 SYMPA?Y ) ! IDEAS EXPLA9$ 9 ?IS BOOK1 & WANT TO HELP ! FI<T ALONG1 Y\ %\LD BE A REGUL> READ] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,REVIEW1 ( :I* ,WILLIAM ,D4 ,HAYWOOD & ,FRANK ,BOHN >E ASSOCIATE $ITORS4 ,IT IS 9 ! ?ICK ( EV]Y 9DU/RIAL & POLITICAL FI<T TO HELP ! WAGE-WORK]S4 ,IT IS ! BE/ & BIGGE/ ,SOCIALI/ MAGAZ9E 9 ! WORLD1 PR(USELY ILLU/RAT$ ) PHOTOGRAPHS ( 9CID5TS 9 ! GREAT ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE1 MON? BY MON?4 ,MON?LY1 #aC A COPY1 @s#a4 A YE>4 ,*>LES ,H4 ,K]R @& ,COMPANY1 #aah ,WE/ ,K9ZIE /REET1 ,*ICAGO4 

,! GREATE/ ,SOCIALI/ WEEKLY 9 ! WORLD IS ! ,APPEAL TO ,REASON1 ,GIR>D1 ,KANSAS1 $IT$ BY ,F]D ,D4 ,W>R5 & ,EUG5E ,V4 ,DEBS2 #eC A YE>2 SAMPLE FREE ON REQUE/4 

"9 ,SEE ,GU/AVUS ,MY]S' 0,HI/ORY ( ! ,GREAT ,AM]ICAN ,=TUNES40 ,?IS GREAT & VALUABLE WORK %\LD BE READ BY EV]Y ,AM]ICAN4 ,IT CAN BE SECUR$ FROM ! PUBLI%]S ( ?IS PAMPHLET4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #f1 #bag 3 ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/