,9DIVIDUALI/ ,P]SPECTIVES 

#aieg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMILE ,>M& 

,TEXT 3 

,! AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALI/S DO NOT PRES5T !MSELVES AS PROLET>IANS1 ABSORB$ ONLY 9 ! SE>* = MAT]IAL AMELIORATION1 TI$ TO A CLASS DET]M9$ TO TRANS=M ! WORLD & TO SUB/ITUTE A NEW SOCIETY = ! ACTUAL ONE4 ,!Y PLACE !MSELVES 9 ! PRES5T2 !Y DISDA9 TO ORI5T ! COM+ G5]ATIONS T[>DS A =M ( SOCIETY ALLEG$LY DE/9$ TO ASSURE !IR HAPP9ESS1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT FROM ! 9DIVIDUALI/ PO9T ( VIEW HAPP9ESS IS A CONQUE/1 AN 9DIVIDUALS 9T]NAL REALIZATION4  

,EV5 IF ,I BELIEV$ 9 ! EFFICACY ( A UNIV]SAL SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 ACCORD+ TO A WELL-DEF9$ SY/EM1 )\T DIRECTION1 SANCTION1 OR OBLIGATION1 ,I DO NOT SEE BY :AT RI<T ,I C\LD P]SUADE O!RS ?AT IT IS ! BE/4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,I WANT TO LIVE 9 A SOCIETY FROM :I* ! LA/ VE/IGE ( AU?ORITY HAS DISAPPE>$1 BUT1 TO SPEAK FRANKLY1 ,I AM NOT C]TA9 ?AT ! 0MASS10 TO CALL IT :AT IT IS1 IS CAPABLE ( DISP5S+ ) AU?ORITY4 ,I WANT TO LIVE 9 A SOCIETY 9 :I* ! MEMB]S ?9K BY & = !MSELVES1 BUT ! ATTRACTION :I* IS EX]CIS$ ON ! MASS BY PUBLICITY1 ! PRESS1 FRIVOL\S READ+ & BY ,/ATE-SUBSIDIZ$ DI/RACTIONS IS SU* ?AT ,I ASK MYSELF :E!R M5 WILL EV] BE ABLE TO REFLECT & JUDGE ) AN 9DEP5D5T M9D4  

,I MAY BE TOLD 9 REPLY ?AT ! SOLUTION ( ! SOCIAL QUE/ION WILL TRANS=M EV]Y MAN 9TO A SAGE4 ,?IS IS A GRATUIT\S AFFIRMATION1 ! MORE SO AS !RE HAVE BE5 SAGES UND] ALL REGIMES4 ,S9CE ,I DO NOT KN[ ! SOCIAL =M :I* IS MO/ LIKELY TO CREATE 9T]NAL H>MONY & EQUILIBRIUM 9 SOCIAL UNITY1 ,I REFRA9 FROM !ORIZ+4  

,:5 0VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION0 IS SPOK5 (1 VOLUNT>Y ADHESION TO A PLAN1 A PROJECT1 A GIV5 ACTION1 ?IS IMPLIES ! POSSIBILITY ( REFUS+ ! ASSOCIATION1 ADHESION OR ACTION4 ,LET US IMAG9E ! PLANET SUBMITT$ TO A S+LE SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC LIFE2 H[ W\LD ,I EXI/ IF ?IS SY/EM DID NOT PLEASE ME8 ,!RE REMA9S TO ME ONLY ONE EXP$I5T3 TO 9TEGRATE OR TO P]I%4 ,IT IS HELD ?AT1 0! SOCIAL QUE/ION0 HAV+ BE5 SOLV$1 !RE IS NO LONG] A PLACE = NON-CON=MISM1 RECALCITRANCE1 ETC44444 BUT IT IS PRECISELY :5 A QUE/ION HAS BE5 RESOLV$ ?AT IT IS IMPORTANT TO POSE NEW ONES OR TO RETURN TO AN OLD SOLUTION1 IF ONLY TO AVOID /AGNATION4  

,IF !RE IS A 0,FRE$OM0 /&+ OV] & ABOVE ALL 9DIVIDUALS1 IT IS SURELY NO?+ MORE ?AN ! EXPRESSION ( !IR ?\<TS1 ! MANIFE/ATION & DIFFUSION ( !IR OP9IONS4 ,! EXI/5CE ( A SOCIAL ORGANIZATION F\ND$ ON A S+LE IDEOLOGICAL UNITY 9T]DICTS ALL EX]CISE ( FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( IDEOLOGICALLY CONTR>Y ?\<T4 ,H[ W\LD ,I BE ABLE TO OPPOSE ! DOM9ANT SY/EM1 PROPOS+ ANO!R1 SUPPORT+ A RETURN TO AN OLD] SY/EM1 IF ! MEANS ( MAK+ MY VIEW-PO9T KN[N OR ( PUBLICIZ+ MY CRITIQUES W]E 9 ! POSSESSION ( ! AG5TS ( ! REGIME 9 P[]8 ,?IS REGIME MU/ EI!R ACCEPT REPROA* :5 COMP>$ TO O!R SOCIAL SOLUTIONS SUP]IOR TO ITS [N1 OR1 DESPITE ITS T]M9ATION 9 0I/10 IT IS NO BETT] ?AN ANY O!R REGIME4 ,EI!R IT WILL ADMIT OPPOSITION1 SECESSION1 S*ISM1 FRACTIONALISM1 COMPETITION1 OR NO?+ WILL DI/+UI% IT SIGNIFICANTLY FROM A DICTATOR%IP4 ,?IS 0I/0 REGIME W\LD UND\BT$LY CLAIM ?AT IT HAS BE5 9VE/$ ) ITS P[] BY ! MASSES1 ?AT IT DOES NOT EX]CISE ITS P[] OR CONTROL EXCEPT BY ! DELEGATION ( ASSEMBLIES OR CONGRESSES2 BUT AS LONG AS IT DID NOT ALL[ ! 9TRANSIG5TS & REFRACTORIES TO EXPRESS ! REASONS = !IR ATTITUDE & = !IR CORRESPOND+ BEHAVIOR1 IT W\LD BE ONLY A TOTALIT>IAN SY/EM4 ,! MAT]IAL B5EFITS ON :I* A DICTATOR%IP PRIDES ITSELF >E ( NO IMPORTANCE4 ,REG>DLESS ( :E!R !RE IS SC>CITY OR ABUNDANCE1 A DICTATOR%IP IS ALWAYS A DICTATOR%IP4  

,IT IS ASK$ ( ME :Y ,I CALL MY 9DIVIDUALISM 0AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALISM08 ,SIMPLY BECAUSE ! ,/ATE CONCRETIZES ! BE/ ORGANIZ$ =M ( RESI/ANCE TO 9DIVIDUAL AFFIRMATION4 ,:AT IS ! ,/ATE8 ,AN ORGANISM :I* BILLS ITSELF AS REPRES5TATIVE ( ! SOCIAL BODY1 TO :I* P[] IS ALLEG$LY DELEGAT$1 ?IS P[] EXPRESS+ ! WILL ( AN AUTOCRAT OR ( POPUL> SOV]EIGNTY4 ,?IS P[] HAS NO REASON = EXI/+ O!R ?AN ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! EXTANT SOCIAL /RUCTURE4 ,BUT 9DIVIDUAL ASPIRATIONS >E UNABLE TO COME TO T]M ) ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,/ATE1 P]SONIFICATION ( ,SOCIETY1 =1 AS ,PALANTE SAYS3 0,ALL SOCIETY IS & WILL BE EXPLOITATIVE1 USURPACI\S1 DOM9AT+1 & TYRANNICAL4 ,?IS IT IS NOT BY ACCID5T BUT BY ESS5CE40 ,YET ! 9DIVIDUALI/ W\LD BE NEI!R EXPLOIT$1 USURP$1 DOM9AT$1 TYRANNIZ$ NOR DISPOSSESS$ ( HIS SOV]EIGNTY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,SOCIETY IS ABLE TO EX]CISE ITS CON/RA9T ON ! 9DIVIDUAL ONLY ?ANKS TO ! SUPPORT ( ! ,/ATE1 ADM9I/RATOR & DIRECTOR ( ! AFFAIRS ( ,SOCIETY4 ,NO MATT] :I* WAY HE TURNS ! 9DIVIDUAL 5C\NT]S ! ,/ATE OR ITS AG5TS ( EXECUTION1 :O DO NOT C>E 9 ! LEA/ :E!R ! REGULATIONS :I* !Y 5=CE CONCUR OR NOT ) ! DIV]SITY ( TEMP]AM5TS ( ! SUBJECTS UPON :OM !Y >E ADM9I/]$4 ,FROM !IR ASPIRATIONS AS FROM !IR DEM&S1 ! 9DIVIDUALI/S ( \R S*OOL HAVE ELIM9AT$ ! ,/ATE4 ,?AT IS :Y !Y CALL !MSELVES 0AN>*I/S40  

,BUT WE DECEIVE \RSELVES IF WE IMAG9E ?AT ! 9DIVIDUALI/S ( \R S*OOL >E AN>*I/S 7,A,N-,>,*,Y1 ETYMOLOGICALLY1 MANS ONLY NEGATION ( ! /ATE1 & DOES NOT P]TA9 TO O!R MATT]S7 ONLY 9 RELATION TO ! ,/ATE - SU* AS ! WE/]N DEMOCRACIES OR ! TOTALIT>IAN SY/EMS4 ,?IS PO9T CANNOT BE OV]EMPHASIZ$4 ,AGA9/ ALL ?AT :I* IS P[]1 ?AT IS1 ECONOMIC AS WELL AS POLITICAL DOM9ATION1 ES!TIC AS WELL AS 9TELLECTUAL1 SCI5TIFIC AS WELL AS E?ICAL1 ! 9DIVIDUALI/S REBEL & =M SU* FRONTS AS !Y >E ABLE1 ALONE OR 9 VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION4 ,9 EFFECT1 A GR\P OR F$]ATION CAN EX]CISE P[] AS ABSOLUTE AS ANY ,/ATE IF IT ACCEPTS 9 A GIV5 FIELD ALL ! POSSIBILITIES ( ACTIVITY & REALIZATION4  

,! ONLY SOCIAL BODY 9 :I* IT IS POSSIBLE = AN 9DIVIDUALI/ TO EVOLVE & DEVELOP IS ?AT :I* ADMITS A CONCURR5T PLURALITY ( EXP]I5CES & REALIZATIONS1 TO :I* IS OPPOS$ ALL GR\P+S F\ND$ ON AN IDEOLOGICAL EXCLUSIV5ESS1 :I*1 WELL-MEANT ?\< !Y MAY BE1 ?REAT5 ! 9TEGRITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FROM ! MOM5T ?AT ?IS EXCLUSIV5ESS AIMS TO EXT5D ITSELF TO ! NON-ADH]5TS ( ! GR\P+4 ,TO CALL ?IS ANTI-/ATI/ W\LD BE DO+ NO MORE ?AN PROVOK+ A MASK = AN APPETITE = DRIV+ A H]D ( HUMAN %EEP4  

,I HAVE SAID ABOVE ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO 9SI/ ON ?IS PO9T4 ,= EXAMPLE1 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM D5IES1 REJECTS & EXPELS ! ,/ATE FROM ITS IDEOLOGY2 BUT IT RESUSCITATES IT ! MOM5T ?AT IT SUB/ITUTES SOCIAL ORGANIZATION = P]SONAL JUDGM5T4 ,IF AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALISM ?US HAS 9 COMMON ) AN>*I/ COMMUNISM ! POLITICAL NEGATION ( ! ,/ATE1 ( ! 0,>*E10 IT ONLY M>KS A PO9T ( DIV]G5CE4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM PLACES ITSELF ON ! ECONOMIC PLANE1 ON ! T]RA9 ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 UNIT$ ) SYNDICALISM1 ETC4 7?IS IS ITS RI<T71 BUT AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALISM SITUATES ITSELF ON ! PSY*OLOGICAL PLANE1 & ON ?AT ( RESI/ANCE TO SOCIAL TOTALIT>IANISM1 :I* IS SOME?+ 5TIRELY DIFF]5T4 7,NATURALLY1 AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALISM FOLL[S ! MANY PA?S ( ACTIVITY & $UCATION3 PHILOSOPHY1 LIT]ATURE1 E?ICS1 ETC41 BUT ,I HAVE WANT$ TO MAKE PRECISE H]E ONLY SOME PO9TS ( \R ATTITUDE TO ! SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T47  

,I DO NOT D5Y ?AT ?IS IS NOT V]Y NEW1 BUT IT IS TAK+ A POSITION TO :I* IT IS GOOD TO RETURN FROM TIME TO TIME4  

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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