,*APT] #d ,\TCA/ ,RUSSIA #ahhgahhg ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ,CA?Y1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,SIB]IA-! L& ( EXILE-HAS ALWAYS APPE>$ 9 ! CONCEPTIONS ( ! ,EUROPEANS AS A L& ( HORRORS1 AS A L& ( ! *A9S & KNOOT :]E CONVICTS >E FLOGG$ TO DEA? BY CRUEL (FICIALS1 OR KILL$ BY OV]WORK 9 M9ES2 AS A L& ( UNUTT]ABLE SUFF]+S ( ! MASSES & ( HORRIBLE PROSECUTIONS ( ! FOES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T4 ,SURELY NOBODY1 ,RUSSIAN OR =EIGN]1 HAS CROSS$ ! ,URAL ,M\NTA9S & /OPP$ ON !IR WAT]-DIVIDE1 AT ! BORD]-PILL> ?AT BE>S ! 9SCRIPTION 0 ,EUROPE 0 ON ONE SIDE1 & 0 ,ASIA 0 ON ! O!R1 )\T %UDD]+ AT ! IDEA ?AT HE IS 5T]+ ! L& ( WOES4 ,MANY A TRAVEL] HAS C]TA9LY SAID TO HIMSELF ?AT ! 9SCRIPTION ( ,DANTE'S ,9F]NO W\LD BE MORE APPROPRIATE TO ! B\ND>Y-PILL> ( ,SIB]IA ?AN !SE TWO WORDS :I* PRET5D TO DEL9EATE TWO CONT95TS4 ,AS ! TRAVEL] DESC5DS1 H[EV]1 T[>DS ! RI* PRAIRIES ( ,WE/]N ,SIB]IA2 AS HE NOTICES !RE ! RELATIVE WELF>E & ! SPIRIT ( 9DEP5D5CE ( ! ,SIB]IAN PEASANT1 & COMP>ES !M ) ! WRET*$NESS & SUBJECTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANT2 AS HE MAKES ACQUA9TANCE ) ! HOSPITALITY ( ! SUPPOS$ EX-CONVICTS-! 0 ,SIB]YAKS 0-& ) ! 9TELLIG5T SOCIETY ( ! ,SIB]IAN T[NS1 & P]CEIVES NO?+ ( ! EXILES1 & HE>S NO?+ ( !M 9 CONV]SATIONS GO+ ON AB\T EV]Y?+ BUT ?IS SUBJECT2 AS HE HE>S ! BOA/+ REPLY ( ! ,EA/]N ,YANKEE :O DRYLY SAYS TO ! /RANG] ?AT 9 ,SIB]IA ! EXILES >E F> BOTT] (F ?AN PEASANTS 9 ,RUSSIA-HE FEELS 9CL9$ TO ADMIT ?AT HIS =M] CONCEPTTIONS AB\T ! GREAT P5AL COLONY ( ! ,NOR? W]E RA!R EXAGG]AT$1 & ?AT1 ON ! :OLE1 ! EXILES MAY BE NOT SO UN=TUNATE 9 ,SIB]IA1 AS !Y W]E REPRES5T$ TO BE BY S5TIM5TAL WRIT]S4 ,V]Y MANY VISITORS TO ,SIB]IA1 & NOT =EIGN]S ALONE1 HAVE MADE ?IS MI/AKE4 ,SOME OCCASIONAL CIRCUM/ANCE-SOME?+ LIKE A CONVOY ( EXILES MET ) ON ! MUDDY ROAD DUR+ AN AUTUMN /ORM1 OR A ,POLI% 9SURRECTION ON ! %ORES ( ,LAKE ,BAIKAL1 OR1 AT LEA/1 SU* A R5C\NT] ) AN EXILE 9 ! =E/S ( ,YAKUTSK1 AS ,ADOLF ,]MAN MADE & SO W>MLY DESCRIB$ 9 HIS ,TRAVELS-SOME OCCASIONAL /RIK+ FACT1 9 %ORT1 MU/ FALL UND] ! NOTICE ( ! TRAVEL]1 TO GIVE HIM ! NECESS>Y IMPULSE = DISCOV]+ ! TRU? AMID ! (FICIAL MISREPRES5TATION & ! NON-(FICIAL 9DIFF]5CE3 TO OP5 HIS EYES & TO DISPLAY BE=E !M ! ABYSS ( SUFF]+S ?AT >E CONCEAL$ BEH9D ?OSE ?REE WORDS3 ,EXILE TO ,SIB]IA4 ,!N HE P]CEIVES ?AT BESIDES ! (FICIAL /ORY ( ,SIB]IA !RE IS ANO!R SAD /ORY1 ?R\< :I* ! %RIEKS ( ! EXILES HAVE BE5 GO+ ON AS A BLACK ?READ FROM ! REMOTE/ TIMES ( ! CONQUE/ UNTIL N[4 ,!N HE LE>NS ?AT1 H[EV] D>K1 ! PLA9 POPUL> CONCEPTION ( ,SIB]IA IS /ILL BRID LONG AGO1 9 HIS *ILDHOOD1 & HAS SUPPOS$ S9CE TO BE TALES ( A REMOTE PA/1 9 REALITY >E TALES ( :AT IS GO+ ON N[1 9 \R C5TURY :I* WRITES SO MU*1 & C>ES SO LITTLE1 AB\T HUMANIT>IAN PR9CIPLES4 ,?IS /ORY ALREADY LA/S = ?REE C5TURIES4 ,AS SOON AS ! ,CZ>S ( ,MOSC[ LE>N$ ?AT !IR REBEL ,COSSACKS HAD CONQU]$ A NEW C\NTRY 0 BEYOND ! ,/ONE 0 7! ,URAL71 !Y S5T !RE BAT*ES ( EXILES2 & !Y ORD]$ !M TO SETTLE ALONG ! RIV]S & FOOTPA?S ?AT CONNECT$ TOGE!R ! BLOCKH\SES ]ECT$1 9 ! SPACE ( SEV5TY YE>S1 FROM ! S\RCES ( ! ,KAMA TO ! ,SEA ( ,OKHOTSK4 ,:]E NO FREE SETTL]S W\LD SETTLE1 ! *A9$ COLONIZ]S HAD TO UND]TAKE A DESP]ATE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! WILD]NESS4 ,AS TO ?OSE 9DIVIDUALS :OM ! RIS+ P[]S ( ! ,CZ>S CONSID]$ MO/ DANG]\S1 WE F9D !M ) ! MO/ ADVANC$ P>TIES ( ,COSSACKS :O W]E S5T 0 ACROSS ! M\NTA9S1 9 SE>* = NEWL&S40 ,NO DI/ANCE1 H[EV] IMM5SE1 NO WILD]NESS1 H[EV] UNPRACTICABLE1 SEEM$ SUFFICI5T TO ! SUSPICI\S RULE ( ! BOY>S TO BE PUT BETWE5 SU* EXILES & ! CAPITAL ( ! ,CZ>DOM4 ,&1 AS SOON AS A BLOCKH\SE WAS BUILT1 OR A CONV5T ]ECT$1 AT ! V]Y CONF9ES ( ! ,CZ>'S DOM9IONS-BEYOND ! ,>CTIC CIRCLE1 9 ! T\NDRAS ( ! ,OBI1 OR BEYOND ! M\NTA9S ( ,DA\RIA-! EXILES W]E !RE1 BUILD+ !MSELVES ! CELLS ?AT HAD TO BE !IR GRAVES4 ,EV5 N[1 ,SIB]IA IS1 ON ACC\NT ( ITS /EEP M\NTA9S1 ITS ?ICK =E/S1 WILD /REAMS1 & R\< CLIMATE1 ONE ( ! MO/ DIFFICULT C\NTRIES TO EXPLORE4 ,IT IS EASY TO CONCEIVE :AT IT WAS ?REE C5TURIES AGO4 ,EV5 N[ IT IS ?AT P>T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE :]E ! >BITR>9ESS & BRUTALITY ( (FIC]S >E ! MO/ UNLIMIT$4 ,:AT WAS IT1 !N1 DUR+ ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY8 0 ,! RIV] IS %ALL[2 ! RAFTS >E HEAVY2 ! *IEFS >E WICK$1 & !IR /ICKS >E BIG2 !IR :IPS CUT ?R\< ! SK91 & !IR TORTURES >E CRUEL2 FIRE & /RAPPADO2 BUT ! M5 >E HUNGRY1 & !Y DIE1 POOR CREATURES1 AT ONCE AFT] ! TORTURE10-WROTE ! PROTOPOPE ,AVVAKUM1 ! FANATIC PRIE/ ( ! 0 OLD RELIGION0 :OM WE MET ) ! FIR/ P>TIES GO+ TO TAKE POSSESSION ( ! ,AMOR4-0 ,H[ LONG1 MY MA/]1 WILL !SE TORTURES LA/ 80 ASKS HIS WIFE1 AS %E FALLS UNABLE TO MOVE F>!R ON ! ICE ( ! RIV]1 AFT] A J\RNEY ?AT ALREADY HAS LA/$ = FIVE YE>S4 .-0 ,UNTIL \R DEA?1 MY DE>2 UNTIL \R DEA?10 REPLIES ?IS PRECURSOR ( ! /EEL-*>ACT]S ( \R [N TIMES2 & BO?1 MAN & WIFE1 CONT9UE !IR M>* T[>DS ! PLACE :]E ! PROTO POPE WILL BE *A9$ TO ! WALLS ( AN ICY CELL> DUG \T BY HIS [N H&S4 ,S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 ! FL[ ( EXILES P\R$ 9TO ,SIB]IA HAS NEV] CEAS$4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ YE>S ( ! C5TURY1 WE SEE ! 9BABITANTS ( ,UGLIT* EXIL$ TO ,PELYM1 TOGE!R ) !IR BELL :I* RANG ! AL>M :5 IT BECAME KN[N ?AT ! Y\NG ,DEMETRIUS HAD BE5 ASSASS9AT$ BY ORD] ( ! REG5T ,BORIS ,GODUN(F4 ,M5 & BELL ALIKE HAVE TONGUES & E>S TORN AWAY1 & >E CONF9$ 9 A HAMLET ON ! BORD]S ( ! T\NDRA4 ,LAT] ON !Y >E FOLL[$ BY ! RASKOLNIKS 7NONCON=MI/S7 :O REVOLT AGA9/ ! >I/OCRATIC 9NOVATIONS ( ,NIKON 9 ,*UR* MATT]S4 ,?OSE :O ESCAPE ! MASSACRES1 LIKE ?AT 0 ( ! ,?REE ,?\S&10 GO TO PEOPLE ! ,SIB]IAN WILD]NESSES4 ,!Y >E SOON FOLL[$ BY ! S]FS :O MAKE DESP]ATE ATTEMPTS AT OV]?R[+ ! YOKE FRE%LY IMPOS$ ON !M2 BY ! LEAD]S ( ! ,MOSC[ MOB REVOLT$ AGA9/ ! RULE ( ! BOY>S2 BY ! MILITIA ( ! /RELTSY :O REVOLT AGA9/ ! ALL-CRU%+ DESPOTISM ( ,PET] ,I42 BY ! ,LITTLE ,RUSSIANS :O FIE DISPAT*$ TO ,SIB]IA BY ?\S&S AT ONCE1 AFT] EA* ATTEMPT AT RECOV]+ !IR 9DEP5D5CE444 ,LAT] ON1 ALL ?OSE :OM ,RUSSIA FE>S TO KEEP 9 H] T[NS & VILLAGES-MURD]]S & SIMPLE VAGRANTS1 NONCON=MI/S & REBELS2 ?IEVES & PAUP]S :O >E UNABLE TO PAY = A PASSPORT2 S]FS :O HAVE 9CURR$ ! DISPLEASURE ( !IR PROPRIETORS2 & /ILL LAT] ON1 0 FREE PEASANTS10 :O HAVE 9CURR$ ! DISGRACE ( AN ISPRAVNIK1 OR >E UNABLE TO PAY ! EV]-9CREAS+ TAXES-ALL !SE >E GO+ TO DIE 9 ! M>%Y L[L&S1 9 ! ?ICK =E/S1 9 ! D>K M9ES4 ,?IS CURR5T FL[S UNTIL \R [N DAYS1 /EADILY 9CREAS+ 9 AN AL>M+ PROPORTION4 ,SEV5 TO EI AT ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS C5TURY2 #a#i1 TO #b1 >E EXIL$ N[-NOT TO SPEAK ( ! YE>S :5 ?IS FIGURE WAS D\BL$1 AS WAS ! CASE AFT] ! LA/ ,POLI% 9SURRECTION-MAK+ ?US A TOTAL ( MORE ?AN #g1 PEOPLE :O HAVE CROSS$ ! ,URAL ,M\NTA9S S9CE #a#h#b#h1 :5 ! FIR/ RECORDS ( EXILE W]E TAK54 ,FEW ( ?OSE :O HAVE 5DUR$ ! HORRORS ( H>D LABOR & EXILE 9 ,SIB]IA HAVE COMMITT$ TO PAP] !IR SAD EXP]I5CE4 ,! PROTOPOPE ,AVVAKUM DID1 & HIS LETT]S /ILL FE$ ! FANATICISM ( ! RASKOLNIKS4 ,! MELAN*OLY /ORY ( ! ,M5%IK(F1 ! ,DOLGOR\KY1 ! ,BIRON1 & O!R EXILES ( HI< RANK HAVE BE5 TRANSMITT$ TO PO/]ITY BY !IR SYMPA?IZ]S4 ,\R Y\NG REPUBLICAN POET ,RYLEEFF1 BE=E BE+ HUNG 9 #a#h#b#g1 TOLD 9 A BEAUTIFUL POEM1 0 ,VO9>OVSKY10 ! SUFF]+S ( A ,LITTLE ,RUSSIAN PATRIOT4 ,SEV]AL MEMOIRS ( ! 0 ,DECEMBRI/S 0 7EXIL$ = ! 9SURRECTION ( ,DECEMB] #b#f? #a#h#b#e71 & ! POEM ( ,NEKRAS(F1 0 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,WOM510 >E /ILL 9SPIR+ ! Y\NG ,RUSSIAN HE>TS ) LOVE = ! PROSECUT$ & HATE TO ! PROSECUTORS4 ,DO/OEVSKY HAS TOLD 9 A REM>KABLE PSY*OLOGICAL /UDY ( PRISON-LIFE HIS EXP]I5CE AT ! =TRESS ( ,OMSK AFT] #a#h#d#h2 & SEV]AL ,POLES HAVE DESCRIB$ ! M>TYRDOM ( !IR FRI5DS AFT] ! REVOLUTIONS ( #ahca & #a#h#d#h4 4 4 ,BUT1 :AT >E ALL !SE PA9S 9 COMP>ISON ) ! SUFF]+S 5DUR$ BY HALF A MILLION ( PEOPLE1 FROM ! DAY :5 *A9$ TO IRON RODS1 !Y />T$ FROM ,MOSC[ = A TWO OR ?REE YE>S' WALK T[>DS ! M9ES ( ,TRANSBAIKALIA UNTIL ! DAY :51 BROK5 D[N BY H>D LABOR & PRIVATIONS1 !Y DI$ AT A DI/ANCE ( #e MILES FROM !IR NATIVE VILLAGES1 9 A C\NTRY :OSE SC5]Y & CU/OMS W]E AS /RANGE TO !M AS ITS 9HABITANTS-A /RONG1 9TELLIG5T BUT EGOTI/IC RACE6 ,:AT >E ! SUFF]+S ( ! FEW1 9 COMP>ISON ) ?OSE ( ! ?\S&S UND] ! CAT-O'-N9E-TAILS ( ! LEG5D>Y MON/] ,ROZLY UND]TAKE TO MAKE !IR ESCAPE FROM ,SIB]IA & WALK ?R\< ! VIRG9 =E/S1 LIV+ ON MU%ROOMS & B]RIES1 9SPIR$ ) ! HOPE ( AT LEA/ SEE+ AGA9 !IR NATIVE VILLAGE & !IR K9SFOLK8 ,:O HAS TOLD ! LESS /RIK+1 BUT NOT LESS DRAMATIC PA9S ( ?OSE ?\S&S :O SP9 \T AN AIMLESS LIFE 9 ! HAMLETS ( ! F> NOR? & PUT AN 5D TO !IR WE>ISOME EXI/5CE BY DR[N+ 9 ! CLE> WAT]S ( ! ,Y5ISEI8 ,M4 ,MAXIM(F HAS TRI$1 9 HIS WORK ON 0 ,H>D ,LABOR & ,SIB]IA10 TO RAISE A CORN] ( ! VEIL ?AT CONCEALS !SE SUFF]+S2 BUT HE HAS %[N ONLY A SMALL CORN] ( ! D>K PICTURE4 ,! :OLE REMA9S1 & PROBABLY WILL REMA91 UNKN[N2 ITS V]Y FEATURES >E OBLIT]AT$ DAY BY DAY1 LEAV+ BUT A FA9T TRACE 9 ! FOLK LORE & 9 ! SONGS ( ! EXILES2 & EA* DECADE BR+S ITS NEW FEATURES1 ITS NEW =MS ( MIS]Y = ! EV]-9CREAS+ NUMB] ( EXILES4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ,I SBALL NOT V5TURE TO DRAW ! :OLE ( ?IS PICTURE 9 ! N>R[ LIMITS ( !SE *APT]S4 ,I MU/ NECESS>ILY LIMIT MY TASK TO ! DESCRIPTION ( ! EXILE AS IT IS N[ -SAY1 DUR+ ! LA/ T5 YE>S4 ,NO LESS ?AN #a#f#e1 HUMAN BE+S HAVE BE5 TRANSPORT$ TO ,SIB]IA DUR+ ?IS %ORT SPACE ( TIME2 A V]Y HI< FIGURE ( CRIM9ALITY1 9DE$1 = A POPULATION NUMB]+ #h111 IF ALL EXILES W]E 0 CRIM9ALS40 ,LESS ?AN ONE HALF ( !M1 H[EV]1 CROSS$ ! ,URALS 9 ACCORDANCE ) S5T5CES ( ! C\RTS4 ,! O!RS W]E ?R[N 9TO ,SIB]IA )\T HAV+ SE5 ANY JUDGES1 BY SIMPLE ORD] ( ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE1 OR 9 ACCORDANCE ) RESOLUTIONS TAK5 BY !IR COMMUNES-NE>LY ALWAYS UND] ! PRESSURE ( ! OMNIPOT5T LOCAL AU?ORITIES4 ,\T ( ! #a#e#a1#a#h#d EXILES :O CROSS$ ! ,URAL DUR+ ?O YE>S #ahfg TO #a#h#g#f1 ,D,O LESS ?AN #g#h1#f#g#f BELONG$ TO ?IS LA/ CATEGORY4 ,! REMA9+ W]E CONDEMN$ BY C\RSE3 #a#h1#e#h#b TO H>D LABOR1 & #e#d1#c#a#f TO BE SETTL$ 9 ,SIB]IA1 MO/LY = LIFE1 ) OR )\T LOSS ( ALL !IR CIVIL RIS AGO1 ! EXILES TRAV]S$ ON FOOT ALL ! DI/ANCE BETWE5 ,MOSC[ & ! PLACE TO :I* !Y W]E DISPAT*$4 ,!Y HAD ?US TO WALK SOME?+ LIKE #dg MILES 9 ORD] TO REA* TILE H>D-LABOR COLONIES ( ,TRANSBAIKA.>IA1 & #e1#b MILES TO REA* ,YAKUTSK4 ,NE>LY A TWO YE>S' WALK = ! =M]1 & TWO YE>S' & A HALF = ! SECOND4 ,SOME AMELIORATION HAS BE5 9TRODUC$ S9CE4 ,AFT] HAV+ BE5 GA!R$ FROM ALL P>TS ( ,RUSSIA AT ,MOSC[1 OR AT ,NIJNIY-,NOVGOROD1 !Y >E TRANSPORT$ N[ BY /EAM] TO ,P]M1BY RAIL TO ,EKAT]9BURG1 9 C>RIAGES TO ,TUM51#c & AGA9 BY /EAM] TO ,TOMSK4 ,?US1 ACCORD+ TO A REC5T ,5GLI% BOOK ON EXILE TO ,SIB]IA1 !Y HAVE TO WALK 0 ONLY ! DI/ANCE BEYOND ,TOMSK40 ,9 PLA9 FIGURES1 ?IS TRILL+ DI/ANCE MEANS #bfe MILES TO ,K>A1 SOME?+ LIKE A N9E MON?S' FOOT J\RNEY4 ,IF ! PRISON] BE S5T TO ,YAKUTSK HE HAS 0 ONLY0 #bid MILES TO WALK2 &1 AS ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T1 HAV+ DISCOV]$ ?AT ,YAKUTSK IS A PLACE /ILL TOO NE> TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG TO KEEP POLITICAL EXILES !RE1 >E S5D+ !M N[ TO ,V]KHOYANSK & ,NIJNE ,KOLYMSK 79 ! NEIS' WALK RECON/ITUT$ 9 FULL4 ,H[EV]1 = ! GREAT MASS ( EXILES1 ! FOOT J\RNEY HAS BE5 R$UC$ BY ONE-HALF1 & !Y BEG9 !IR P]EGR9ATIONS 9 ,SIB]IA 9 SPECIAL C>RIAGES4 ,M4 ,MAXIM(F HAS V]Y VIVIDLY DESCRIB$ H[ ! CONVICTS AT ,IRKUTSK1 TO :OSE JUDGM5T SU* A MOV+ MA*9E WAS SUBMITT$1 DECL>$ AT ONCE ?AT IT WAS ! MO/ /UPID VEHICLE ?AT C\LD BE 9V5T$ = ! TORM5T ( BO? HORSES & CONVICTS4 ,SU* C>RIAGES1 :I* HAVE NO ACCOMMODATION = DEAD5+ ! %OCKS1 MOVE SL[LY ON ! RUGG$1 JOLT+ ROAD1 P.>\<$ OV] & OV] BY ?\S&S ( HEAVILY LOAD$ C>S4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,SIB]IA1 AMID ! M>%ES ON ! EA/]N SLOPE ( ! ,URAL1 ! J\RNEY BECOMES A TRUE TORTURE1 AS ! HID1 EV5 = ! TRAVEL] :O IS LY+ ON A ?ICK FELT MATTRESS 9 A COM=TABLE T>ANTASS1 & IT IS EASY TO CONCEIVE :AT ! CONVICT EXP]I5CES1 :O IS B\ND TO SIT MOTIONLESS = EIE EMB>K$ ON SPECIAL B>GES1 OR FLOAT+ PRISONS1 TAK5 9 T[ BY /EAM]S1 & 9 ! SPACE ( EIE BR\DLY NE$ SAY ?AT1 H[EV] EXCELL5T ! IDEA ( ?US R$UC+ BY ONE-HALF ! LONG J\RNEY ?R\< ,SIB]IA1 ITS P>TIAL REALIZATION HAS BE5 MO/ IMP]FECT4 ,! CONVICT B>GES >E USUALLY SO OV]CR[D$1 & >E USUALLY KEPT 9 SU* A /ATE ( FIL?9ESS1 ?AT !Y HAVE BECOME REAL NE/S ( 9FECTION4 0 ,EA* B>GE HAS BE5 BUILT = ! TRANSPORT ( #h CONVICTS & ! CONVOY10 WROTE ! ,TOMSK CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,MOSC[ ,TELEGRAPH1 ON ,NOVEMB] #a#e1 #a#h#h#a2 0! CALCULATION ( ! SIZE ( ! B>GES HAS NOT BE5 MADE1 H[EV]1 ACCORD+ TO ! NECESS>Y CUBICAL SPACE1 BUT ACCORD+ TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! [N]S ( ! /EAM]S1 ,M,M4 ,KURBAT(F & ,IGNAT(F4 ,!SE G5TLEM5 OCCUPY = !IR [N PURPOSES TWO COMP>T M5TS = A HUNDR$ M5 EA*1 & ?US EIE ( AN UNIMAG9ABLE NA/9ESS40 ,HE ADDS ?AT 0 ! MORTALITY ON !SE B>GES IS V]Y GREAT1 ESPECIALLY AMONG ! *ILDR510 & HIS 9=MATION IS FULLY CONFIRM$ BY (FICIAL FIGURES PUBLI%$ LA/ YE> 9 ALL NEWSPAP]S4 ,IT APPE>S FROM !SE FIGURES ?AT EID !SE B>GES2 ?AT IS1 SOME?+ LIKE SIXTY TO EIE ?R[N \T NE>LY AT EA* /ATION4 ,! HOSPITAL1 PLAC$ UND] ! SUP]VISION ( AN IGNORANT SOLDI]1 IS ALWAYS OV]CR[D$40 ,AT ,TOMSK ! CONVICTS /OP = A FEW DAYS4 ,ONE P>T ( !M-ESPECIALLY ! COMMON-LAW EXILES1 TRANSPORT$ BY ORD] ( ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE->E S5T TO SOME DI/RICT ( ! PROV9CE ( ,TOMSK :I* EXT5DS FROM ! SPURS ( ! ,ALTAY M\NTA9S ON ! S\? TO ! ,>CTIC ,OCEAN ON ! NOR?4 ,?O O!RS >E DISPAT*$ F>!R T[>DS ! EA/4 ,IT IS EASY TO CONCEIVE :AT A HELL ! ,TOMSK PRISON BECOMES :5 ! CONVICTS >RIV+ EV]Y WEEK CANNOT BE S5T ON TO ,IRKUTSK ) ! SAME SPE$1 ON ACC\NT ( 9UNDATIONS1 OR OB/ACLES ON ! RIV]S4 ,! PRISON WAS BUILT TO CONTA9 #if S\LS1 BUT IT NEV] HOLDS LESS ?AN #a1#c TO #a1#d1 & V]Y (T5 #b1#b1 OR MORE4 ,ONE-QU>T] ( ! PRISON]S >E SICK1 BUT ! 9FIRM>Y CAN %ELT] ONLY ONE-?IRD1 OR SO1 ( ?OSE :O >E 9 NE$ ( IT2 & SO ! SICK REMA9 9 ! SAME ROOMS1 UPON OR B5EA? ! SAME PLAT=MS :]E ! REMA9D] >E CRAMM$ TO ! AM\NT ( ?REE M5 = EA* FREE PLACE4 ,! %RIEKS ( ! SICK1 ! CRIES ( ! FEV]-/RICK5 PATI5TS1 & ! RATTLE ( ! DY+ MIX TOGE!R ) ! JOKES & LAUD]S4 ,! EXHALATIONS ( ?IS HUMAN HEAP MIX ) ?OSE ( !IR WET & FIL?Y CLO!S & ) ! EMANATIONS ( ! HOR RIBLE ,P>A%A4 0,Y\ >E SUFFOCAT$ AS Y\ 5T] ! ROOM1 Y\ >E FA9T+ & MU/ RUN BACK TO BREA! SOME FRE% AIR2 Y\ MU/ ACCU/OM Y\RSELF BY-&-BY TO ! HORRIBLE EMANATIONS :I* FLOAT LIKE A FOG ON ! RIV] 0 -SU* IS ! TE/IMONY ( ALL ?OSE :O HAVE 5T]$ UNEXPECT$LY A ,SIB]IAN PRISON4 ,! 0 FAMILIES ROOM 0 IS /ILL MORE HORRIBLE4 0 ,H]E Y\ SEE10 SAYS A ,SIB]IAN (FICIAL 9 *>GE ( ! PRISONS-,M4 ,MI%LO-0 HUNDR$S ( WOM5 & *ILDR5 CLOSELY PACK$ TOGE!R1 9 SU* A /ATE ( MIS]Y AS NO IMAG9ATION C\LD PICTURE40 ,! FAMILIES ( ! CONVICTS RECEIVE NO CLO? FROM ! ,/ATE4 ,MO/LY PEASANT WOM51 :O1 AS A RULE1 NEV] HAVE MORE ?AN ONE DRESS AT ONCE2 MO/LY R$UC$ TO />VA TION AS SOON AS !IR HUSB&S W]E TAK5 9TO CU/ODY1 !Y HAVE BUCKL$ ON !IR SOLE CLO? :5 />T+ FROM ,>KHANGELSK OR ,A/RAKHAN1 &1 AFT] !IR LONG P]EGR9ATIONS FROM ONE LOCK-UP TO ANO!R1 AFT] ! LONG YE>S ( PRELIM9>Y DET5TION & MON?S ( J\RNEY ONLY RAGS HAVE REMA9$ ON !IR %\LD]S FROM !IR WEA!R-WORN CLO!S4 ,! NAK$ EMACIAT$ BODY & ! W\ND$ FEET APPE> FROM B5EA? ! TATT]$ CLO!S AS !Y >E SITT+ ON ! NA/Y FLOOR1 EAT+ ! H>D BLACK BREAD RECEIV$ FROM COMPASSIONATE PEASANTS4 ,AMID ?IS MOV+ HEAP ( HUMAN BE+S :O COV] EA* SQU>E FOOT ( ! PLAT=MS & B5EA? !M1 Y\ P]CEIVE ! DY+ *ILD ON ! KNEES ( HIS MO!R1 & CLOSE BY1 ! NEW-BORN BABY4 ,! BABY IS ! DELID]S4 ,IT IS PASS$ FROM H& TO H&2 ! BE/ RAGS >E P>T$ ) TO COV] ITS %IV]+ LIMBS1 ! T5D]E/ C>ESSES >E = IT4444 ,H[ MANY HAVE GR[N UP 9 ?IS WAY6 ,ONE ( !M /&S BY MY SIDE AS ,I WRITE !SE L9ES1 & REPEATS TO ME ! /ORIES %E HAS HE>D SO MANY TIMES FROM H] MO!R AB\T ! HUMANITY ( ! 0SCEL]ATES0 & ! 9FAMY ( !IR 0*IEFS40 ,%E DESCRIBES TO ME ! TOYS ?AT ! CONVICTS MADE = H] DUR+ ! 9T]M9ABLE J\RNEY.-PLA9 TOYS 9SPIR$ BY A GOOD-HE>T$ HUMOR1 & SIDE BY SIDE1 ! MIS]ABLE PROCE$+S1 ! EXACTIONS ( MONEY1 ! CURSES & BL[S1 ! :I/L+ ( ! :IPS ( ! *IEFS4 ,! PRISON1 H[EV]1 IS CLE>$ BY-& BY1 AS ! P>TIES ( CONVICTS />T TO CONT9UE !IR J\RNEY4 ,:5 ! SEASON & ! /ATE ( ! RIV]S P]MIT IT1 P>TIES ( #e CONVICTS EA*1 ) WOM5 & *ILDR51 LEAVE ! ,TOMSK PRISON EV]Y WEEK1 & BEG9 !IR FOOT J\RNEY TO ,IRKUTSK & ,TRANSBAIKALIA4 ,?OSE :O HAVE SE5 SU* A P>TY ON M>* WILL NEV] =GET IT4 ,A ,RUSSIAN PA9T]1 ,M4 ,JACOBY1 HAS TRI$ TO REPRES5T IT ON CANVAS2 HIS PICTURE IS SICK5 + BUT ! REALITY IS /ILL WORSE4 ,Y\ SEE A M>%Y PLA9 :]E ! ICY W9D BL[S FREELY1 DRIV+ BE=E IT ! SN[ ?AT BEG9S TO COV] ! FROZ5 SOIL4 ,MORASSES ) SMALL %RUBS1 OR CRUMPL$ TREES1 B5T D[N BY W9D & SN[1 SPREAD AS F> AS ! EYE CAN REA*2 ! NEXT VILLAGE IS TW5TY MILES DI/ANT4 ,L[ M\NTA9S1 COV]$ ) ?ICK P9E =E/S1 M+L+ ) ! GRAY SN[-CL\DS1 RISE 9 ! DU/ ON ! HORIZON4 ,A TRACK1 M>K$ ALL ALONG BY POLES TO DI/+UI% IT FROM ! SURR\ND+ PLA91 PL[$ & RUGG$ BY ! PASSAGE ( ?\S&S ( C>S1 COV]$ ) RUTS ?AT BREAK D[N ! H>DE/ :EELS1 RUNS ?R\< ! NAK$ PLA94 ,! P>TY SL[LY MOVES ALONG ?IS ROAD4 ,9 FRONT1 A R[ ( SOLDI]S OP5S ! M>*4 ,BEH9D !M1 HEAVILY ADVANCE ! H>D-LABOR CONVICTS1 ) HALF-%AV$ HEADS1 WE>+ GRAY CLO!S1 ) A YELL[ DIAMOND ON ! BACK1 & OP5 %OES WORN \T BY ! LONG J\RNEY & EXHIBIT+ ! TATT]S 9 :I* ! W\ND$ FEET >E WRAPP$4 ,EA* CONVICT WE>S A *A91 RIVET$ TO HIS ANKLES1 ITS R+S BE+ TWI/$ 9TO RAGS-IF ! CONVICT HAS COLLECT$ 5\< ( ALMS DUR+ HIS J\RNEY TO PAY ! BLACKSMI? = RIVET+ IT LOOS] ON HIS FEET4 ,! *A9 GOES UP EA* LEG & IS SUSP5D$ TO A GIRDLE4 ,ANO!R *A9 CLOSELY TIES BO? H&S1 & A ?IRD *A9 B9DS TOGE!R SIX OR EID BY ! /RONG]1 & HE MU/ NOT /OP3 ! WAY-! ETAPE-IS LONG1 & ! AUTUMN DAY IS %ORT4 ,BEH9D ! H>D-LABOR CONVICTS M>* ! POSEL5TSY 7CONDEMN$ TO BE SETTL$ 9 ,SIB]IA7 WE>+ ! SAME GRAY CLO? & ! SAME K9D ( %OES4 ,SOLDI]S ACCOMPANY ! P>TY ON BO? SIDES1 M$ITAT+ P]HAPS ! ORD] GIV5 AT ! DEP>TURE3-0 ,IF ONE ( !M RUNS AWAY1 %OOT HIM D[N4 ,IF HE IS KILL$1 FIVE RUBLES ( REW>D = Y\1 & A DOG'S DEA? TO ! DOG60 ,9 ! RE> Y\ DISCOV] A FEW C>S ?AT >E DRAWN BY ! SMALL1 ATT5UAT$1 CAT-LIKE1 PEASANT'S HORSES4 ,!Y >E LOAD$ ) ! BAGS ( ! CONVICTS1 ) ! SICK OR DY+1 :O >E FA/5$ BY ROPES ON ! TOP ( ! LOAD4 ,BEH9D ! C>S HA/5 ! WIVES ( ! CONVICTS2 A FEW HAVE F\ND A FREE CORN] ON A LOAD$ C>1 & CR\* !RE :5 UNABLE TO MOVE FUR!R2 :IL/ ! GREAT NUMB] M>* BEH9D ! C>S1 LEAD+ !IR *ILDR5 BY ! H&S1 OR BE>+ !M ON !IR >MS4 ,DRESS$ 9 RAGS1 FREEZ+ UND] ! GU/S ( ! COLD W9D1 CUTT+ !IR ALMO/ NAK$ FEET ON ! FROZ5 RUTS1 H[ MANY ( !M REPEAT ! WORDS ( ,AVVAKUM'S WIFE3 0,!SE TORTURES1 H[ LONG WILL !Y LA/80 ,9 ! RE> COMES A SECOND DETA*M5T ( SOLDI]S1 :O DRIVE ) ! BUTT-5DS ( !IR RIFLES ?OSE WOM5 :O /OP EXHAU/$ 9 ! FREEZ+ MUD ( ! ROAD4 ,! PROCESSION IS CLOS$ BY ! C> ( ! COMM&] ( ! P>TY4#d ,AS ! P>TY 5T]S SOME GREAT VILLAGE1 IT BEG9S TO S+ ! ,MILOS]DNAYA-! 0 *>ITY SONG40 ,!Y CALL IT A SONG1 BUT IT H>DLY IS ?AT4 ,IT IS A SUCCESSION ( WOES ESCAP+ FROM HUNDR$S ( BREA/S AT ONCE1 A RECITAL 9 V]Y PLA9 WORDS EXPRESS+ ) A *ILDI% SIMPLICITY ! SAD FATE ( ! CONVICT-A HORRIBLE LAM5TATION BY MEANS ( :I* ! ,RUSSIAN EXILE APPEALS TO ! M]CY ( O!R MIS]ABLES LIKE HIMSELF4 ,C5TURIES ( SUFF]+S1 ( PA9S & MIS]Y1 ( P]SECUTIONS ?AT CRU% D[N ?O MO/ VITAL =CES ( \R NATION1 >E HE>D 9 !SE RECITALS & %RIEKS4 ,!SE TONES ( DEEP ,LATE 9 ! AFT]NOON1 AFT] HAV+ COV]$ SOME FIFTE5 OR TW5TY MILES1 ! P>TY REA*ES ! ETAPE :]E IT SP5DS ! NIS AGO1 & AFT] HAV+ RESI/$ ! 9CLEM5CIES ( ! CLIMATE1 & ! PASSAGE ( HUNDR$ ?\S& ( CONVICTS1 !Y HAVE BECOME N[ ROTT5 & F\L FROM TOP TO BOTTOM4 ,! OLD LOG-WOOD H\SE REFUSES %ELT] TO ! *A9$ TRAVEL]S BR\E ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! CORN]S ( ! ROOMS4 ,! ETAPE WAS BUILT TO %ELT] #ae CONVICTS2 ?AT BE+ ! AV]AGE SIZE ( P>TIES FIFTY YE>S AGO4 ,AT PRES5T ! P>TIES CONSI/ ( #de TO #e HUMAN BE+S1 & ! #e MU/ LODGE ON ! SPACE P>SIMONI\SLY CALCULAT$ = L#e4 ,! ,RUSSIAN LAW1 :I* MO/LY HAS BE5 WRITT5 )\T ANY KN[L$GE ( ! REAL CONDITIONS IT DEALS )1 =BIDS TO S5D \T SU* NUM]\S P>TIES4 ,BUT1 9 REALITY1 ! NORMAL P>TY NUMB]S N[ #dh P]SONS4 ,9 #a#h#h#a1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,GOLOS1 #ffg CONVICTS W]E S5T 9 SIXTE5 P>TIES1 MAK+ ?US AN AV]AGE ( #df CONVICTS P] P>TY4 ,SOME ( !M NUMB]$ #db M54 ,BESIDES1 #i$ WOM51 ) #hie *ILDR51 FOLL[$ !SE SIXTE5 P>TIES1 RAIS+ ?US ! AV]AGE NUMB] 9 EA* P>TY TO #eba P]SONS4 ,9 #a#h#h#d1! AV]AGE SIZE ( P>TIES WAS AB\T #d 7#c M5 & #a WOM5 & *ILDR574 ,! /RONG] ONES1 OR ! >I/OCRACY AMONG ! CONVICTS-! ELD] VAGRANTS & ! GREAT MURD]]S-COV] EA* SQU>E 9* ( ! PLAT=MS2 ! REMA9D]1 ?AT IS1 D\BLE ! NUMB] ( ! =M]1 LIE D[N ON ! ROTT5 FLOOR1 COV]$ ) AN 9* ( /ICKY FIL?1 B5EA? & BETWE5 ! PLAT=MS4 ,:AT BECOMES ( ! ROOMS :5 ! DOORS >E CLOS$1 & ! :OLE SPACE FILL$ ) HUMAN BE+S :O LIE NAK$ ON !IR NA/Y CLO!S IMPREGNAT$ ) WAT]1 WILL BE EASILY IMAG9$4 ,! ETAPES1 H[EV]1 >E PALACES :5 COM-P>$ ) ! HALF-ETAPES1 :]E ! P>TIES SP5D ONLY ! NIE /ILL SMALL]1 &1 AS A RULE1 /ILL MORE DILAPIDAT$1 /ILL MORE ROTT5 & F\L4 ,SOMETIMES !Y >E 9 SU* A /ATE AS TO COMPEL ! P>TY TO SP5D ! COLD ,SIB]IAN NIRACKS ]ECT$ 9 ! Y>D1 & )\T FIRE4 ,AS A RULE1 ! HALF-ETAPE HAS NO SPECIAL COMP>TM5T = ! WOM51 & !Y MU/ LODGE 9 ! ROOM ( ! SOLDI]S 7SEE ,MAXIM(F'S ,SIB]IA74 ,) ! RESIGNATION ( \R 0 ALL-5DUR+ 0 ,RUSSIAN MO!RS1 !Y SQUAT D[N ) !IR BABIES WRAPP$ 9 RAGS1 9 SOME CORN] ( ! ROOM BEL[ ! PLAT=MS OR CLOSE BY ! DOOR1 AMONG ! RIFLES ( ! ESCORT4 ,NO WOND] ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL /ATI/ICS1 \T ( ! #befa *ILDR5 LESS ?AN FIFTE5 YE>S OLD :O W]E S5T 9 #ahha TO ,SIB]IA ) !IR P>5TS1 0A V]Y SMALL P>T SURVIV$40 0 ,! MAJORITY10 ! ,GOLOS SAYS1 0 C\LD NOT SUPPORT ! V]Y BAD CONDITIONS ( ! J\RNEY1 & DI$ BE=E1 OR IMM$IATELY AFT]1 HAV+ REA*$ !IR DE/9ATION 9 ,SIB]IA40 ,9 SOB] TRU?1 ! TRANSPORTATION TO ,SIB]IA1 AS PRACTIC$ N[1 IS A REAL 0 ,MASSACRE ( ,9NOC5TS40 ,! NUMB] ( *ILDR5 ) ! CONVICT-P>TIES REA*ES N[ FROM #e TO #h4 ,MANY ( !M MU/ MAKE A TWO YE>S' J\RNEY BE=E REA*+ !IR DE/9ATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,YURIDIT*ESKIY ,VYE/NIK 70,LAW ,MESS5G]07 ( L#h#h#c1 NO GIRL ( F\RTE5 OR LESS REA*ES ! 5D ( ! J\RNEY )\T HAV+ BE5 SUBMITT$ TO A GROSS (F5SE4 ,%ALL ,I ADD ?AT !RE IS NO ACCOMMODATION = ! SICK1 & ?AT ONE MU/ HAVE EXCEPTIONALLY ROBU/ HEAL? TO SURVIVE AN ILLNESS DUR+ ! J\RNEY 8 ,!RE >E BUT FIVE SMALL HOSPITALS1 ) A TOTAL ( A HUNDR$ B$S1 ON ! :OLE /RET* BETWE5 ,TOMSK & ,IRKUTSK1 ?AT IS1 ON A DI/ANCE :I* REPRES5TS AT LEA/ A F\R MON?S' J\RNEY4 ,AS = ?OSE :O CANNOT HOLD \T UNTIL A HOSPITAL IS REA*$1 IT WAS WRITT5 TO ! ,GOLOS1 ON ,JANU>Y #e?1 #a#h#h#a3 -0 ,!Y >E LEFT AT ! ETAPES )\T ANY M$ICAL HELP4 ,! SICK-ROOM HAS NO B$/EADS1 NO B$S1 NO CU%IONS1 NO COV]+S1 & ( C\RSE NO?+ LIKE L954 ,! =TY-EIE ALL[$ = ! SICK1 REMA9 MO/LY 9 FULL 9 ! H&S ( ! AU?ORITIES40 ,%ALL ,I DWELL UPON ! EXACTIONS TO :I* ! CONVICTS >E SUBMITT$1 NOT)/&+ !IR DREADFUL MIS]Y1 BY ! W>D]S ( ! ETAPES8 ,IS IT NOT SUFFICI5T TO SAY ?AT ! W>D]S ( !SE BUILD+S >E PAID BY ! ,CR[N1 BESIDES ! ALL[ANCE ( CORN FL\R = BLACK BREAD1 ONLY ) ?REE RUBLES1 OR #fS4 P] YE>8 0 ,! /OVE IS \T ( ORD]1 Y\ CANNOT LITY >RIVES QUITE WET OR FROZ52 & ! P>TY PAYS ITS TRIBUTE = P]MISSION TO LIE UND] REPAIR10 & ! P>TY PAYS = HAV+ SOME RAGS TO FILL UP ! OP5+S ?R\< :I* FREELY BL[S ! ICY W9D4 0 ,WA% UP ! ETAPE BE=E LEAV+1 OR PAY SO MU*10 & ! P>TY PAYS AGA91 & SO ON1 & SO ON4 ,& %ALL ,I M5TION1 TOO1 ! MANN] 9 :I* ! CONVICTS & !IR FAMILIES >E TREAT$ DUR+ ! J\RNEY8 ,EV5 ! POLITICAL EXILES ONCE REVOLT$1 9 #a#h#h#a1 AGA9/ AN (FIC] :O HAD P]MITT$ HIMSELF TO ASSAULT 9 ! D>K CORRIDOR A LADY M>*$ TO ,SIB]IA = A POLITICAL (F5SE4 ,! COMMON-LAW EXILES SURELY >E NOT TREAT$ BETT] ?AN ! POLITICAL ONES4 ,ALL !SE >E NOT TALES ( ! PA/4 ,!Y >E REAL PICTURES ( :AT IS GO+ ON N[1 AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ,I WRITE !SE L9ES4 ,A ,RUSSIAN FRI5D1 :O MADE ! SAME J\RNEY A FEW YE>S AGO1 & TO :OM ,I HAVE %[N !SE PAGES1 FULLY CONFIRMS ALL ! ABOVE /ATEM5TS1 & ADDS MU* MORE :I* ,I DO NOT M5TION ONLY = ECONOMY ( SPACE4 ,:AT REALLY IS A TALE ( ! PA/-( A V]Y REC5T PA/-IS ! *A9+ TOGE!R ( EIY1 #a#h#h#a4 ,AT PRES5T1 EA* CONVICT HAS HIS H&S *A9$ SEP>ATELY FROM HIS COMRADES4 ,BUT /ILL ! *A91 BE+ V]Y %ORT1 GIVES SU* A PO/URE TO ! >MS AS R5D]S ! T5 & TWELVE H\RS' M>* V]Y DIFFICULT1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! 9SUPPORTABLE RHEUMATIC PA9 OCCASION$ 9 ! BONES BY ! CONTACT ( ! IRON R+S DUR+ ! H>D ,SIB]IAN FRO/S4 ,?IS PA91 ,I AM TOLD & READILY BELIEVE IT1 SOON BECOMES A REAL TORTURE4 ,I H>DLY NE$ ADD ?AT1 CONTR>Y TO ! /ATEM5TS ( A REC5T ,5GLI% TRAVEL] ?R\< ,SIB]IA1 ! POLITICAL CONVICTS P]=M ! J\RNEY TO ,K>A1 OR TO ! PLACES :]E !Y >E TO BE SETTL$ AS POSEL5TSY1 UND] ! SAME CONDITIONS AS1 & TOGE!R )1 ! COMMON-LAW CONVICTS4 ,! V]Y FACT ( ,IZBITSKIY & ,DEBAGORIO-,MOKRIEVIT* HAV+ EX*ANG$ NAMES ) TWO COMMON-LAW CONVICTS1 & HAV+ ?US ESCAP$ FROM H>D LABOR1 PROVES ?AT ! ,5GLI% TRAVEL]'S 9=MATION WAS FALSE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT A GREAT NUMB] ( ,POLI% EXILES ( #a#h#h#d1 & NOTABLY ALL NOBLEM5 & *IEF CONVICTS1 CONDEMN$ TO H>D LABOR1 W]E TRANSPORT$ 9 C>RIAGES1 ON PO/+ HORSES4 ,BUT1 S9CE #a#h#h#f1 ! POLITICAL CONVICTS 7CONDEMN$ BY C\RTS TO H>D LABOR OR EXILE7 HAVE MO/LY MADE ! J\RNEY ON FOOT1 TOGE!R ) COMMON-LAW CONVICTS4 ,AN EXCEPTION WAS MADE 9 #a#h#g#g-#a#h#g#i = ! FEW :O W]E TRANSPORT$ TO ,EA/]N ,SIB]IA DUR+ ?OSE ?REE YE>S4 ,!Y W]E TRANSPORT$ 9 C>S1 BUT FOLL[+ !L9E ( ! ETAPES4 ,S9CE #a#h#g#i1 H[EV]1 ALL POLITICAL CONVICTS-M5 & WOM5 ALIKE-HAVE MADE ! J\RNEY PRECISELY 9 ! WAY ,I HAVE DESCRIB$1 V]Y MANY ( !M *A9$1 CONTR>Y TO ! LAW ( #a#h#b#g4 ,! ONLY *ANGE WAS1 ?AT ! 0 POLITICALS0 W]E S5T 9 SEP>ATE P>TIES1 & HAD A FEW C>S = OCCASIONAL RELIEF ( ! SICK4 ,AS TO ?OSE EXIL$ BY SIMPLE ORD] ( ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE1 !Y W]E1 & >E N[1 TRANSPORT$ 9 C>S1 FOLL[+ ! SAME L9ES ( ! ETAPES1 & /OPP+ AT ! ETAPES & PRISONS ) COMMON-LAW PRISON]S4 ,:5 WRIT+ HIS REM>KABLE BOOK ON H>D LABOR1 ,MAXIM(F CONCLUD$ IT ) ! WI% ?AT ! HORRORS ( ! FOOT-J\RNEY HE HAD DESCRIB$ MIS AGO-A S\RCE ( UNUTT]ABLE SUFF]+S = NE>LY #b1 PEOPLE4 ,! %AMEFUL SY/EM1 BR&$ AT ?AT TIME BY ALL ?OSE :O HAD /UDI$ IT1 HAS MA9TA9$ ITSELF 9 FULL2 &1 :IL/ ! ROTT5 BUILD+S ON ! HIE FALL+ TO PIECES1 & ! :OLE SY/EM DIS9TEGRATES MORE & MORE1 NEW ?\S&S ( M5 & WOM5 TRANSPORT$ = SU* CRIMES AS ?OSE1 0! V]Y EXI/5CE ( :I* 0 WAS D\BT$ TW5TY YE>S AGO1 >E ADD$ ANNUALLY TO ! ?\S&S ALREADY TRANSPORT$ TO ,SIB]IA1 & !IR NUMB] IS 9CREAS+ EV]Y YE> 9 AN AWFUL PROPORTION4 ,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S #a,REPR9T$ FROM ,! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 BY P]MISSION4 #b ,\R CRIM9AL /ATI/ICS >E SO IMP]FECT ?AT A ?OR\< CLASSIFICATION ( EXILES IS V]Y DIFFICULT4 ,WE HAVE BUT ONE GOOD WORK ON ?IS SUBJECT1 BY ,M4 ,ANU*91 PUBLI%$ A FEW YE>S AGO BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY & CR[N$ ) ITS GREAT GOLD M$AL2 IT GIVES ! CRIM9AL /ATI/ICS = ! YE>S #ahbg TO #a#h#d#f4 ,H[EV] OLD1 !SE /ATI/ICS /ILL GIVE AN APPROXIMATE IDEA ( ! PRES5T CONDITIONS1 AS REC5T P>TIAL /ATI/ICS HAS %[N ?AT S9CE ?AT TIME ALL FIGURES HAVE D\BL$1 BUT ! RELATIVE PROPORTIONS ( DIFF]5T CATEGORIES ( EXILES HAVE REMA9$ NE>LY ! SAME4 ,?US TO QUOTE BUT ONE 9/ANCE1 \T ( ! #a#e#i1#g#e#e EXIL$ DUR+ ! YE>S #ahbg TO #a#h#d#f1 NO FESS !N #g#i1#i#i1 OR #e P]C5T1 W]E EXIL$ BY SIMPLE ORD]S ( ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE2 & ?IRTY YE>S LAT] WE F9D AGA9 NE>LY ! SAME RATE-SLIBITR>Y EXILE 7#g#h1#h#g#a \T ( #a#e#a1#a#h#d 9 #ahfg TO #a#h#g#f74 ,! SAME IS APPROXIMATELY TRUE ) REG>D TO O!R CATEGORIES4 ,IT APPE>S FROM ,M4 ,ANU*9'S RESE>*ES ?AT \T ( ! #g#i1#h#d#f CONDEMN$ BY C\RTS1 #a#d1#e#c#a 7#g#b#e P] YE>7 W]E CONDEMN$ AS ASSASS9S2 #a#d1#b#d#h = HEAVI] CRIMES1 SU* AS 9C5DI>ISM1 ROBB]Y1 & =G]Y2 #d1#f#f#f = /EAL+1 & #adbf = SMUGGL+1 MAK+ ?US A TOTAL ( #g1#h#g#a CASES 7AB\T #c$e P] YE>71 :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 CONDEMN$ BY ! ,CODES-AL?\< NOT ALWAYS BY A JURY- ( ALL C\NTRIES 9 ,EUROPE4 ,! REMA9D]1 H[EV] 7?AT IS1 NE>LY #h#i171 W]E EXIL$ = (F5SES :I* DEP5D$ *IEFLY1 IF NOT 5TIRELY1 UPON ! POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS ( ,RUSSIA2 !IR CRIMES W]E3 REBELLION AGA9/ ANY S]F-PROPRIE TORS & AU?ORITIES 7#a#f1#d#e#f CASES72 NONCON=MI/ FANATICISM 7#b#a#c#h CASES72 DES]TION FROM A TW5TY-FIVE YE>S' MILIT>Y S]VICE 7#a#f#e#a CASES72 & ESCAPE FROM ,SIB]IA1 MO/LY FROM ,ADM9I/RATIVE EXILE 7#a#h1#c#b#h CASES74 ,F9ALLY1 WE F9D AMONG !M ! 5ORM\S FIGURE ( #d#h1#d#f#f 0 VAGRANTS10 ( :OM ! LAUREATE ( ! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY SAYS3-0 ,VAGRANCY MO/LY MEANS SIMPLY GO+ TO A NEIVATION1 !Y HAD NOT ! NECESS>Y FIVE OR T5 RUBLES = TAK+ A PASSPORT1 & WALK$ FROM ,KAL\GA OR ,TULA1 TO ,ODESSA1 OR ,A/RAKHAN1 9 SE>* ( LABOR74 ,& HE ADDS3-0 ,CONSID]+ !SE #h1 EXIL$ BY ORD] ( ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE1 WE NOT ONLY D\BT !IR CRIM9ALITY1 WE SIMPLY D\BT ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( SU* CRIMES AS ?OSE IMPUT$ TO !M40 ,! NUMB] ( SU* 0 CRIM9ALS 0 HAS NOT DIM9I%$ S9CE4 ,IT HAS NE>LY D\BL$1 LIKE O!R FIGURES4 ,RUSSIA CONT9UES TO S5D EV]Y YE> TO ,SIB]IA = LIFE1 F\R TO FIVE ?\S& M5 & WOM51 :O 9 O!R ,/ATES W\LD BE SIMPLY CONDEMN$ TO A F9E ( A FEW %ILL+S4 ,TO !SE ''CRIM9ALS'' WE MU/ ADD NO LESS ?AN #a1#e WOM5 & #b1 TO #b1#e *ILDR5 :O FOLL[ EV]Y YE> !IR HUSB&S OR P>5TS1 5DUR+ ALL ! HORRORS ( A M>* ?R\< ,SIB]IA & ( ! EXILE4 #c4 ,! RAILWAY ACROSS ! ,URALS HAV+ BE5 OP5$ = TRAFFIC1 !Y WILL BE TRANSPORT$ BY RAIL4 #d ,ACCORD+ TO LAW ! FAMILIES ( ! CONVICTS MU/ NO BE SUBMITT$ TO ! CONTROL ( ! CONVOY4 ,9 REALITY !Y >E SUBMITT$ TO ! SAME TREATM5T AS ! CONVICT ,TO QUOTE BUT ONE 9/ANCE4 ,! ,TOMSK CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,MOSC[ ,TELEGRAPH WROTE ON ! #cRD ( ,NOVEMB] #a#h#h#a3-0,WE HAVE SE5 ON ! M>* ! P>TY :I* LEFT ,TOMSK ON ! #a#d? ( ,SEPTEMB]4 ,! EXHAU/$ WOM5 & *ILDR5 LIT]ALLY /UCK 9 ! MUD1 & ! SOLDI] DEALT !M BL[S TO MAKE !M ADVANCE & TO KEEP PACE ) ! P>TY40 SORR[ RECALL ! TORTURES ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 ! /IFL$ CRIES UND] ! /ICKS & :IPS ( \R [N TIME1 ! D>KNESS ( ! CELL>S1 ! WILDNESS ( ! WOODS1 ! TE>S ( ! />V+ WIFE4 ,! PEASANTS ( ! VILLAGES ON ! ,SIB]IAN HID & ,D[NEY2 #a#h#h#g47 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhf 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JANU>Y #b1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/