,*APT] #a 
,>E ,PRISONS ,NECESS>Y8 

#ahhgahhg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,KOJA*1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,IF WE TAKE 9TO CONSID]ATION ALL ! 9FLU5CES 
 BRIEFLY 9DICAT$ 9 ! ABOVE RAPID SKET*1 WE 
 >E B\ND TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ALL ( !M1 
 SEP>ATELY & COMB9$ TOGE!R1 ACT 9 ! 
 DIRECTION ( R5D]+ M5 :O HAVE BE5 
 DETA9$ = SEV]AL YE>S 9 PRISONS LESS & 
 LESS ADAPT$ = LIFE 9 SOCIETY2 & ?AT NONE 
 ( !M1 NOT A S+LE ONE1 ACTS 9 ! DIRECTION 
 ( RAIS+ ! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL FACULTIES1 
 ( LIFT+ MAN TO A HI<] CONCEPTION ( LIFE & 
 ITS DUTIES1 ( R5D]+ HIM A BETT]1 A MORE 
 HUMAN CREATURE ?AN HE WAS4 

,PRISONS DO NOT MORALIZE !IR 9MATES2 !Y 
 DO NOT DET] !M FROM CRIME4 ,& ! 
 QUE/ION >ISES3 ,:AT %ALL WE DO ) ?OSE 
 :O BREAK1 NOT ONLY ! WRITT5 LAW ?AT SAD 
 GR[? ( A SAD PA/ BUT ALSO ?OSE V]Y 
 PR9CIPLES ( MORALITY :I* EV]Y MAN FEELS 9 
 HIS [N HE>T8 ,?AT IS ! QUE/ION :I* 
 N[ PREOCCUPIES ! BE/ M9DS ( \R 
 C5TURY4 

,!RE WAS A TIME :5 ,M$IC9E CONSI/$ 
 9 ADM9I/]+ SOME EMPIRICALLY-DISCOV]$ 
 DRUGS4 ,! PATI5TS :O FELL 9TO ! H&S 
 ( ! DOCTOR MI<T BE KILL$ BY HIS DRUGS1 OR 
 !Y MI<T RISE UP NOT)/&+ !M1 ! 
 DOCTOR HAD ! EXCUSE ( DO+ :AT ALL HIS 
 FELL[S DID2 HE C\LD NOT \TGR[ HIS CONTEMPOR>IES4 

,BUT \R C5TURY :I* HAS BOLDLY TAK5 UP 
 SO MANY QUE/IONS1 BUT FA9TLY =ECA/ BY ITS 
 PR$ECESSORS1 HAS TAK5 UP ?IS QUE/ION TOO1 
 & APPROA*$ IT FROM ! O!R 5D4 ,9/EAD 
 ( M]ELY CUR+ DISEASES1 M$IC9E TRIES N[ 
 TO PREV5T !M2 & WE ALL KN[ ! IMM5SE 
 PROGRESS A*IEV$1 ?ANKS TO ! MOD]N VIEW 
 ( DISEASE4 ,HYGI5E IS ! BE/ ( M$IC9ES4 

,! SAME HAS TO BE DONE ) ! GREAT 
 SOCIAL PH5OM5ON :I* HAS BE5 CALL$ 
 ,CRIME UNTIL N[1 BUT WILL BE CALL$ ,SOCIAL 
 ,DISEASE BY \R *ILDR54 ,PREV5TION ( ! 
 DISEASE IS ! BE/ ( CURES3 SU* IS ! WAT*4 
 WORD ( A :OLE Y\NG] S*OOL ( WRIT]S1 
 :I* GREW UP ( LATE1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,ITALY1 
 REPRES5T$ BY ,POLETTI1.<#a.> 
 ,F]RI1.<#b.> ,COLAJANNI1 
 .<#c.> &1 
 TO SOME LIMIT$ EXT5T1 BY ,LOMBROSO2 ( ! 
 GREAT S*OOL ( PSY*OLOGI/S REPRES5T$ BY 
 ,GRIES+]1.<#d.> 
 ,KRAFFT-,EBB+1.<#e.> 
 ,DESP9E.<#f.> ON ! 
 ,CONT95T1 & ,MAUDSLEY.<#g.> 
 9 ?IS C\NTRY2 ( ! 
 SOCIOLOGI/S LIKE ,QUETELET & HIS UNHAPPILY 
 TOO SCANTY FOLL[]S2 & F9ALLY1 9 ! MOD]N 
 S*OOLS ( ,PSY*OLOGY ) REG>D TO ! 9DIVIDUAL1 
 & ( ! SOCIAL RE=M]S ) 
 REG>D TO SOCIETY4 ,9 !IR WORKS WE HAVE 
 ALREADY ! ELEM5TS ( A NEW POSITION TO BE 
 TAK5 ) REG>D TO ?OSE UNHAPPY PEOPLE 
 :OM WE HAVE HANG$1 OR DECAPITAT$1 OR S5T 
 TO JAILS UNTIL N[4 

,?REE GREAT CAUSES >E AT WORK TO PRODUCE 
 :AT IS CALL$ CRIME3 ! SOCIAL CAUSES1 ! 
 AN?ROPOLOGICAL1 &1 TO USE ,F]RI'S EXPRESSION1 
 ! COSMICAL4 

,! 9FLU5CE ( !SE LA/ IS BUT 9SUFFICI5TLY 
 KN[N1 & YET IT CANNOT BE D5I$4 ,WE KN[ 
 FROM ! ,PO/MA/]-,G5]AL'S ,REPORTS ?AT ! 
 NUMB] ( LETT]S CONTA9+ MONEY :I* >E 
 ?R[N 9TO ! PILL>-BOXES )\T ANY ADDRESS 
 IS V]Y MU* ! SAME FROM YE> TO YE>4 ,IF SO 
 CAPRICI\S AN ELEM5T 9 \R LIFE AS OBL9ON ( 
 A C]TA9 GIV5 K9D IS SUBJECT TO LAWS ALMO/ 
 AS /RICT AS ?OSE :I* GOV]N ! MOTIONS ( 
 ! HEAV5LY BODIES1 IT IS /ILL MORE TRUE ) 
 REG>D TO BREA*ES ( LAW4 ,WE CAN PR$ICT 
 ) A GREAT APPROXIMATION ! NUMB] ( 
 MURD]S :I* WILL BE COMMITT$ NEXT YE> 9 
 EA* C\NTRY ( ,EUROPE4 ,& IF WE %\LD 
 TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! DI/URB+ 9FLU5CES 
 :I* WILL 9CREASE1 OR DIM9I%1 NEXT YE> 
 ! NUMB] ( MURD]S COMMITT$1 WE MI<T 
 PR$ICT ! FIGURES ) A /ILL GREAT] ACCURACY4 

,!RE WAS1 SOME TIME AGO1 9 ,NATURE1 AN ESSAY 
 ON ! NUMB] ( ASSAULTS & SUICIDES COMMITT$ 9 
 ,9DIA ) RELATION TO TEMP]ATURE 
 & ! MOI/URE ( ! AIR4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S 
 ?AT AN EXCESSIVELY HOT & MOI/ TEMP]ATURE 
 R5D]S M5 MORE N]V\S ?AN !Y >E 
 :5 ! TEMP]ATURE IS MOD]ATE & A DRY 
 W9D BL[S OV] \R FIELDS4 ,9 ,9DIA1 :]E 
 ! TEMP]ATURE GR[S SOMETIMES EXCE$+LY 
 HOT1 & ! AIR AT ! SAME TIME GR[S 
 EXCE$+LY MOI/1 ! 5]VAT+ 9FLU5CE ( 
 ! ATMOSPH]E IS OBVI\SLY FELT /ILL MORE 
 /RONGLY ?AN 9 \R LATITUDES4 ,MR ,S4 ,A4 
 ,HILL1 !RE=E1 CALCULATE FROM FIGURES 
 EXT5D+ OV] SEV]AL YE>S1 A =MULA :I* 5ABLES 
 Y\1 :5 Y\ KN[ ! AV]AGE TEMP]ATURE & 
 HUMIDITY ( EA* MON?1 TO SAY1 ) 
 AN A/ONI%+ APPROXIMATION TO EXACTITUDE1 ! 
 NUMB] ( SUICIDES & W\NDS DUE TO VIOL5CE 
 :I* HAVE BE5 REGI/]$ DUR+ ! MON?4 
 .<#h.> 
 ,LIKE CALCULATIONS MAY SEEM V]Y /RANGE TO 
 M9DS UNACCU/OM$ TO TREAT PSY*OLOGICAL 
 PH5OM5A AS DEP5D5T UPON PHYSICAL CAUSES1 
 BUT ! FACTS PO9T TO ?IS DEP5D5CE SO 
 CLE>LY AS TO LEAVE NO ROOM = D\BT4 ,& 
 P]SONS :O HAVE EXP]I5C$ ! EFFECTS ( 
 TROPICAL HEAT ACCOMPANI$ BY TROPICAL MOI/URE 
 ON !IR [N N]V\S SY/EM1 WILL NOT WOND] 
 ?AT PRECISELY DUR+ SU* DAYS ,H9DUS >E 
 9CL9$ TO SEIZE A KNIFE TO SETTLE A DISPUTE1 OR 
 ?AT M5 DISGU/$ ) LIFE >E MORE 9CL9$ 
 TO PUT AN 5D TO IT BY SUICIDE4.<#i.> 

,! 9FLU5CE ( COSMICAL CAUSES ON \R 
 ACTIONS HAS NOT YET BE5 FULLY ANALYZ$2 BUT 
 SEV]AL FACTS >E WELL E/ABLI%$4 ,IT IS KN[N1 
 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT ATTEMPTS AGA9/ P]SONS 
 7VIOL5CE1 MURD]S1 & SO ON7 >E ON TILE 
 9CREASE DUR+ ! SUMM]1 & ?AT DUR+ 
 ! W9T] ! NUMB] ( ATTEMPTS AGA9/ 
 PROP]TY REA*ES ITS MAXIMUM4 ,WE CANNOT 
 GO ?R\< ! CURVES DRAWN BY ,PR(ESSOR ,E4 
 ,F]RI1.<#a.> & SEE 
 ON ! SAME %EET ! CURVES ( 
 TEMP]ATURE & ?OSE %[+ ! NUMB] ( 
 ATTEMPTS AGA9/ P]SONS1 )\T BE+ DEEPLY 
 IMPRESS$ ) !IR LIK5ESS3 ONE EASILY 
 MI/AKES !M = ONE ANO!R4 ,UNHAPPILY1 
 ?IS K9D ( RESE>* HAS NOT BE5 PROSECUT$ 
 ) ! EAG]NESS IT DES]VES1 SO ?AT FEW ( 
 ! COSMICAL CAUSES HAVE BE5 ANALYZ$ AS TO 
 !IR 9FLU5CE ON HUMAN ACTIONS4 

,IT MU/ BE ACKN[L$G$ ALSO ?AT ! 9QUIRY 
 (F]S MANY DIFFICULTIES1 BECAUSE MO/ COSMICAL 
 CAUSES EX]CISE !IR 9FLU5CE ONLY 9 AN 
 9DIRECT WAY2 ?US1 = 9/ANCE1 :5 WE SEE 
 ?AT ! NUMB] ( BREA*ES ( LAW FLUCTUATES 
 ) ! CROPS ( C]EALS1 OR ) ! W9E-CROPS1 
 ! 9FLU5CE ( COSMICAL AG5TS APPE>S ONLY 
 ?R\< ! M$IUM ( A S]IES ( 9FLU5CES ( 
 A SOCIAL *>ACT]4 ,/ILL1 NOBODY WILL D5Y ?AT 
 :5 WEA!R IS F9E1 ! CROPS GOOD1 & ! 
 VILLAG]S *E]FUL1 !Y >E F> LESS 9CL9$ TO 
 SETTLE !IR SMALL DISPUTES BY VIOL5CE ?AN 
 DUR+ /ORMY OR GLOOMY WEA!R1 :5 A 
 SPOIL$ CROP SPREADS MOREOV] G5]AL DISCONT5T4 
 ,I SUPPOSE ?AT WOM5 :O HAVE 
 CON/ANT OPPORTUNITIES ( CLOSELY WAT*+ ! 
 GOOD & BAD TEMP] ( !IR HUSB&S C\LD 
 TELL US PL5TY AB\T ! 9FLU5CE ( WEA!R ON 
 PEACE 9 !IR HOMES4 

,! SO-CALL$ 'AN?ROPOLOGICAL CAUSES' TO 
 :I* MU* ATT5TION HAS BE5 GIV5 ( LATE1 
 >E C]TA9LY MU* MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! 
 PREC$+4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( 9H]IT$ FACULTIES 
 & ( ! BODILY ORGANIZATION ON ! 9CL9ATION 
 T[>DS CRIME HAS BE5 ILLU/RAT$ ( LATE BY 
 SO MANY HI<LY 9T]E/+ 9VE/IGATIONS1 ?AT 
 WE SURELY CAN =M A NE>LY COMPLETE IDEA 
 AB\T ?IS CATEGORY ( CAUSES :I* BR+ M5 
 & WOM5 )9 \R P5AL JURISDICTION4 ,( 
 C\RSE1 WE CANNOT 5DORSE 9 FULL ! CONCLUSIONS 
 ( ONE ( ! MO/ PROM95T REPRES5TATIVES 
 ( ?IS S*OOL1 ,DR4 ,LOMBROSO1.<#a#a.> 
 ESPECIALLY ?OSE 
 HE >RIVES AT 9 ONE ( HIS WRIT+S4 
 .<#a#b.> ,:5 HE 
 %[S US ?AT SO MANY 9MATES ( \R PRISONS 
 HAVE SOME DEFECT 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( !IR 
 BRA9S1 WE MU/ ACCEPT ?IS /ATEM5T AS A M]E 
 FACT4 ,WE MAY EV5 ADMIT ) HIM ?AT ! 
 MAJORITY ( CONVICTS & PRISON]S HAVE LONG] 
 >MS ?AN PEOPLE AT LIB]TY4 ,AGA91 :5 HE 
 ALL[S US ?AT ! MO/ BRUTAL MURD]S HAVE 
 BE5 COMMITT$ BY M5 :O HAD SOME S]I\S 
 DEFECT 9 !IR BODILY /RUCTURE1 WE HAVE ONLY 
 TO 9CL9E BE=E ?IS /ATEM5T & RECOGNIZE 
 ITS ACCURACY4 ,IT IS A /ATEM5T NOT MORE4 

,BUT WE CANNOT FOLL[ ,MR4 ,LOMBROSO :5 HE 
 9F]S TOO MU* FROM ?IS & LIKE FACTS1 & 
 CONSID]S SOCIETY 5TITL$ TO TAKE ANY MEASURES 
 AGA9/ PEOPLE :O HAVE LIKE DEFECTS ( ORGANIZATION4 
 ,WE CANNOT CONSID] SOCIETY AS 5TITL$ 
 TO EXT]M9ATE ALL PEOPLE HAV+ DEFECTIVE 
 /RUCTURE ( BRA91 & /ILL LESS TO IMPRISON 
 ?OSE :O HAVE LONG >MS ,WE MAY ADMIT 
 ?AT MO/ ( ! P]PETRATORS ( ! CRUEL DE$S 
 :I* FROM TIME TO TIME /IR PUBLIC 9DIGNATION 
 HAVE NOT FALL5 V]Y F> %ORT ( BE+ SAD 
 IDIOTS4 ,! HEAD ( ,FREY1 = 9/ANCE1 AN 
 5GRAV+ ( :I* HAS MADE ( LATE ! T\R 
 ( ! ,PRESS1 IS AN 9/ANCE 9 PO9T4 ,BUT ALL 
 IDIOTS DO NOT BECOME ASSASS9S1 & /ILL LESS 
 ALL FEEBLE-M9D$ M5 & WOM52 SO ?AT ! 
 MO/ IMPETU\S CRIM9ALI/ ( ! AN?ROPOLOGICAL S*OOL W\LD RECOIL BE=E A :OLESALE 
 ASSASS9ATION ( ALL IDIOTS IF HE ONLY REMEMB]$ 
 H[ MANY ( !M >E FREE SOME ( !M 
 UND] C>E1 & V]Y MANY ( !M HAV+ 
 O!R PEOPLE UND] !IR C>E1 ! DIFF]5CE 
 BETWE5 !SE LA/ & ?OSE :O >E H&$ 
 OV] TO ! HANGMAN BE+ ONLY A DIFF]5CE ( 
 ! CIRCUM/ANCES UND] :I* !Y W]E BORN 
 & HAVE GR[N UP4 ,9 H[ MANY O!RWISE 
 RESPECTABLE HOMES1 & PALACES1 TOO1 NOT TO SPEAK 
 ( LUNATIC ASYLUMS1 %ALL WE NOT F9D ! V]Y 
 SAME FEATURES :I* ,DR4 ,LOMBROSO CONSID]S 
 *>ACT]I/IC ( 0CRIM9AL MADNESS08 ,BRA9 
 DISEASES MAY FAVOR ! GR[? ( CRIM9AL 
 PROP5SITIES2 BUT !Y MAY NOT1 :5 UND] 
 PROP] C>E4 ,! GOOD S5SE1 & /ILL MORE 
 ! GOOD HE>T ( ,*>LES ,DICK5S HAVE 
 P]FECTLY WELL UND]/OOD ?IS PLA9 TRU?4 

,C]TA9LY WE CANNOT FOLL[ ,DR4 ,LOMBROSO 9 
 ALL HIS CONCLUSIONS1 /ILL LESS ?OSE ( HIS 
 FOLL[]S2 BUT WE MU/ BE GRATEFUL TO ! 
 ,ITALIAN WRIT] = HAV+ DEVOT$ HIS ATT5TION 
 TO1 & POPUL>IZ$ HIS RESE>*ES 9TO1 ! 
 M$ICAL ASPECTS ( ! QUE/ION4 ,BECAUSE1 = 
 AN UNPREJUDIC$ M9D1 ! ONLY CONCLUSION ?AT 
 CAN BE DRAWN FROM HIS V>I$ & MO/ 9T]E/+ 
 RESE>*ES IS1 ?AT MO/ ( ?OSE :OM 
 WE TREAT AS CRIM9ALS >E PEOPLE AFFECT$ BY 
 BODILY DISEASES1 & ?AT !IR ILLNESS \<T TO 
 BE SUBMITT$ TO SOME TREATM5T1 9/EAD ( 
 BE+ AGGRAVAT$ BY IMPRISONM5T4 

,MR4 ,MAUDSLEY'S RESE>*ES 9TO 9SANITY ) 
 RELATION TO CRIME >E WELL KN[N 9 ?IS 
 C\NTRY4.<#a#c.> ,BUT NONE ( ?OSE :O HAVE 
 S]I\SLY READ HIS WORKS CAN LEAVE !M )\T 
 BE+ /RUCK BY ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT MO/ ( 
 ?OSE 9MATES ( \R JAILS :O HAVE BE5 
 IMPRISON$ = ATTEMPTS AGA9/ P]SONS >E 
 PEOPLE AFFECT$ ) SOME DISEASE ( ! M9D2 
 ?AT ! 0IDEAL MADMAN :OM ! LAW CREATES10 
 & ! ONLY ONE :OM ! LAW IS READY TO 
 RECOGNIZE AS IRRESPONSIBLE = HIS ACTS1 IS AS 
 R>E AS ! IDEAL 0CRIM9AL0 :OM ! LAW 
 9SI/S UPON PUNI%+4 ,SURELY !RE IS1 AS 
 ,MR4 ,MAUDSLEY SAYS1 A WIDE 0BORD]L& BETWE5 
 CRIME & 9SANITY1 NE> ONE B\ND>Y 
 ( :I* WE MEET ) SOME?+ ( MADNESS 
 BUT MORE ( S9 7( CONSCI\S DESIRE ( DO+ 
 SOME H>M1 WE PREF] TO SAY71 & NE> ! O!R 
 B\ND>Y ( :I* SOME?+ ( S9 BUT MORE ( 
 MADNESS40 ,BUT1 0A JU/ E/IMATE ( ! MORAL 
 RESPONSIBILITY ( ! UNHAPPY PEOPLE 9HABIT+ 
 ?IS BORD]L&0 WILL NEV] BE MADE AS LONG AS 
 TILE IDEA ( 0S910 OR ( 0BAD WILL10 IS NOT GOT 
 RID (4.<#a#d.> 

,UNHAPPILY1 HI!RTO \R P5AL 9/ITUTIONS 
 HAVE BE5 NO?+ BUT A COMPROMISE BETWE5 
 ! OLD IDEAS ( REV5GE1 ( PUNI%M5T ( ! 
 0BAD WILL0 & 0S910 & ! MOD]N IDEAS 
 ( 0DET]R+ FROM CRIME10 BO? S(T5$ TO A 
 V]Y SLI<T EXT5T BY SOME NOTIONS ( PHILAN?ROPY4 
 ,BUT ! TIME1 WE HOPE1 IS NOT F> DI/ANT :5 ! 
 NOBLE IDEAS :I* HAVE 9SPIR$ 
 ,GRIES+]1 ,KRAFFT-,EBB+1 ,DESP9E1 & SOME 
 ( ! MOD]N ,ITALIAN CRIM9ALI/1 LIKE ,COLAJANNI 
 & ,F]RI1 WILL BECOME ! PROP]TY ( 
 ! G5]AL PUBLIC1 & MAKE US A%AM$ ( 
 HAV+ CONT9U$ SO LONG TO H& OV] ?OSE 
 :OM WE CALL CRIM9ALS TO HANGM5 & 
 JAIL]S4 ,IF ! CONSCI5TI\S & EXT5SIVE 
 LABORS ( ! WRIT]S JU/ NAM$ W]E MORE 
 WIDELY KN[N1 WE %\LD ALL EASILY UND]/& 
 ?AT MO/ ( ?OSE :O >E KEPT N[ 9 JAILS1 
 OR PUT TO DEA?1 >E M]ELY PEOPLE 9 NE$ ( 
 ! MO/ C>EFUL FRAT]NAL TREATM5T4 ,I DO NOT 
 MEAN1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT WE \<T TO SUB/ITUTE 
 LUNATIC ASYLUMS = PRISONS4 ,F> BE IT FROM 
 ME TO 5T]TA9 ?IS ABHORR5T IDEA4 ,LUNATIC 
 ASYLUMS >E NO?+ ELSE BUT PRISONS2 & 
 ?OSE :OM WE KEEP 9 PRISONS >E NOT LUNATICS1 
 NOR EV5 PEOPLE APPROA*+ ! SAD B\ND>Y 
 ( ! BORD]L& :]E MAN LOSES CONTROL OV] 
 HIS ACTIONS4 ,F> BE FROM ME ! IDEA :I* IS 
 SOMETIMES BR\<T =W>D AS TO MA9TA9+ 
 PRISONS BY PLAC+ !M UND] P$AGOGI/S 
 & M$ICAL M54 ,:AT MO/ ( ?OSE :O 
 >E N[ S5T TO JAIL >E 9 NE$ ( IS M]ELY A 
 FRAT]NAL HELP FROM ?OSE :O SURR\ND !M1 
 TO AID !M 9 DEVELOP+ MORE & MORE ! 
 HI<] 9/9CTS ( HUMAN NATURE :I* HAVE 
 BE5 *ECK$ 9 !IR GR[? EI!R BY SOME 
 BODILY DISEASE ANEMIA ( ! BRA91 DISEASE ( 
 ! HE>T1 ! LIV]1 OR ! /OMA* OR1 /ILL 
 MORE1 BY ! ABOM9ABLE CONDITIONS UND] 
 :I* ?\S&S & ?\S&S ( *ILDR5 
 GR[ UP1 & MILLIONS ( ADULTS >E LIV+1 
 9 :AT WE CALL \R C5T]S ( CIVILIZATION4 
 ,BUT !SE HI<] FACULTIES CANNOT BE EX]CIS$ 
 :5 MAN IS DEPRIV$ ( LIB]TY1 ( 
 ! FREE GUIDANCE ( HIS ACTIONS1 ( ! 
 MULTIF>I\S 9FLU5CES ( ! HUMAN WORLD4 
 ,LET US C>EFULLY ANALYZE EA* BREA* ( ! 
 MORAL UNWRITT5 LAW1 & WE %ALL ALWAYS 
 F9D AS GOOD OLD ,GRIES+] SAID ?AT IT IS 
 NOT DUE TO SOME?+ :I* HAS SUDD5LY 
 SPRUNG UP 9 ! MAN :O ACCOMPLI%$ IT3 
 IT IS ! RESULT ( EFFECTS :I*1 = YE>S PA/1 
 HAVE DEEPLY /IRR$ )9 HIM4.<#a#e.> ,TAKE1 = 
 9/ANCE1 A MAN :O HAS COMMITT$ AN ACT ( 
 VIOL5CE4 ,! BL9D JUDGE ( \R DAYS COMES 
 =W>D & S5DS HIM TO PRISON4 ,BUT ! 
 HUMAN BE+ :O IS NOT OV]P[]$ BY ! 
 K9D ( MANIA :I* IS 9CULCAT$ BY ! /UDY 
 ( ,ROMAN JURISPRUD5CE :O ANALYZES 9/EAD 
 ( M]ELY S5T5C+ W\LD SAY1) ,GRIES+]1 
 ?AT AL?\< 9 ?IS CASE ! MAN HAS NOT 
 SUPPRESS$ HIS AFFECTIONS1 BUT HAS LEFT !M TO 
 BETRAY !MSELVES BY AN ACT ( VIOL5CE1 ?IS 
 ACT HAS BE5 PREP>$ LONG S9CE4 ,BE=E ?IS 
 TIME1 PROBABLY ?R\<\T HIS LIFE1 ! SAME 
 P]SON HAS (T5 MANIFE/$ SOME ANOMALY ( 
 M9D BY NOISY EXPRESSION ( HIS FEEL+S1 BY 
 CRY+ L\DLY AFT] SOME TRIFL+ DISAGREEABLE 
 CIRCUM/ANCE1 BY EASILY V5T+ HIS BAD TEMP] 
 ON ?OSE :O /OOD BY HIM2 &1 UNHAPPILY1 HE 
 HAS NOT FROM HIS *ILDHOOD F\ND ANYBODY 
 :O WAS ABLE TO GIVE A BETT] DIRECTION TO HIS 
 N]V\S IMPRESSIBILITY4 ,! CAUSES ( ! 
 VIOL5CE :I* HAS BR\<T HIM 9TO ! 
 PRISON]S' DOCK MU/ BE S\<T LONG YE>S 
 BE=E4 ,& IF WE PU% \R ANALYSIS /ILL 
 DEEP]1 WE DISCOV] ?AT ?IS /ATE ( M9D IS 
 ITSELF A CONSEQU5CE ( SOME PHYSICAL DISEASE 
 EI!R 9H]IT$ OR DEVELOP$ BY AN ABNORMAL 
 LIFE2 SOME DISEASE ( ! HE>T1 ! BRA91 OR 
 ! DIGE/IVE SY/EM4 ,= MANY YE>S !SE 
 CAUSES HAVE BE5 AT WORK BE=E RESULT+ 9 
 SOME DE$ :I* FALLS )9 ! REA* ( ! 
 LAW4 

,MORE ?AN ?AT4 ,IF WE ANALYZE \RSELVES1 
 IF EV]YBODY W\LD FRANKLY ACKN[L$GE ! 
 ?\<TS :I* HAVE SOMETIMES PASS$ ?R\< 
 HIS M9D1 WE %\LD SEE ?AT ALL ( US HAVE HAD 
 BE IT AS AN IMP]CEPTIBLE WAVE TRAV]S+ 
 ! BRA91 LIKE A FLA% ( LI<T SOME FEEL+S 
 & ?\<TS SU* AS CON/ITUTE ! MOTIVE ( 
 ALL ACTS CONSID]$ AS CRIM9AL4 ,WE HAVE 
 REPUDIAT$ !M AT ONCE2 BUT IF !Y HAD HAD ! 
 OPPORTUNITY ( RECURR+ AGA9 & AGA92 IF 
 !Y W]E NURTUR$ BY CIRCUM/ANCES1 OR BY A 
 WANT ( EX]CISE ( ! BE/ PASSIONS LOVE1 
 COMPASSION1 & ALL ?OSE :I* RESULT FROM 
 LIV+ 9 ! JOYS & SUFF]+S ( ?OSE :O 
 SURR\ND US2 !N !SE PASS+ 9FLU5CES1 
 SO BRIEF ?AT WE H>DLY NOTIC$ !M1 W\LD 
 HAVE DEG5]AT$ 9TO SOME MORBID ELEM5T 9 
 \R *>ACT]4 

,?AT IS :AT WE \<T TO TEA* \R *ILDR5 
 FROM ! E>LIE/ *ILDHOOD1 :ILE N[ WE 
 IMBUE !M FROM !IR T5D]E/ YE>S ) 
 IDEAS ( JU/ICE ID5TIFI$ ) REV5GE1 ( 
 JUDGES & TRIBUNALS4 ,& IF WE DID ?IS1 
 9/EAD ( DO+ AS WE DO N[1 WE %\LD NO 
 LONG] HAVE ! %AME ( AV[+ ?AT WE HIRE 
 ASSASS9S TO EXECUTE \R S5T5CES1 & PAY 
 W>D]S = P]=M+ A FUNCTION = :I* 
 NO $UCAT$ MAN W\LD LIKE TO PREP>E HIS [N 
 *ILDR54 ,FUNCTIONS :I* WE CONSID] SO 
 DEGRAD+ CANNOT BE AN ELEM5T ( MORALIZATION4 

,FRAT]NAL TREATM5T TO *ECK ! DEVELOPM5T 
 ( ! ANTI-SOCIAL FEEL+S :I* GR[ UP 
 9 SOME ( US NOT IMPRISONM5T IS ! ONLY 
 MEANS ?AT WE >E AU?ORIZ$ 9 APPLY+1 & 
 CAN APPLY1 ) SOME EFFECT TO ?OSE 9 :OM 
 !SE FEEL+S HAVE DEVELOP$ 9 CONSEQU5CE 
 ( BODILY DISEASE OR SOCIAL 9FLU5CES4 ,& 
 ?AT IS NOT A ,UTOPIA2 :ILE TO FANCY ?AT 
 PUNI%M5T IS ABLE TO *ECK ! GR[? ( 
 ANTISOCIAL FEEL+S IS A ,UTOPIA A WICK$ ,UTOPIA2 
 ! ,UTOPIA ( 0LEAVE ME 9 PEACE1 & LET ! 
 WORLD GO ON AS IT LIKES40 

,MANY ( ! ANTI-SOCIAL FEEL+S1 WE >E TOLD 
 BY ,DR4 ,J4 ,BRUCE ,?OMPSON.<#a#f.> & MANY O!RS1 
 >E 9H]IT$2 & FACTS AMPLY SUPPORT ?IS 
 CONCLUSION4 ,BUT :AT IS 9H]IT$8 ,IS IT A 
 C]TA9 BUMP ( CRIM9ALITY1 OR SOME?+ ELSE8 
 ,:AT IS 9H]IT$ IS 9SUFFICI5T SELF-CONTROL1 OR 
 A WANT ( FIRM WILL1 OR A DESIRE = RISK & 
 EXCITEM5T1.<#a#g.> OR 
 DISPROPORTIONATE VANITY4 ,VANITY1 
 = 9/ANCE1 C\PL$ ) A DESIRE = RISK 
 & EXCITEM5T1 IS ONE ( ! MO/ /RIK+ 
 FEATURES AMID ! POPULATION ( \R PRISONS4 
 ,BUT VANITY F9DS MANY FIELDS = ITS EX]CISE4 
 ,IT MAY PRODUCE A MANIAC LIKE ,NAPOLEON ! 
 ,FIR/1 OR A ,FREY2 BUT IT PRODUCES ALSO1 UND] 
 SOME CIRCUM/ANCES ESPECIALLY :5 9/IGAT$ 
 & GUID$ BY A S\ND 9TELLECT M5 :O PI]CE 
 TUNNELS & I/HMUSES1 OR DEVOTE ALL !IR 
 5]GIES T[>DS PU%+ ?R\< SOME GREAT 
 S*EME = :AT !Y CONSID] ! B5EFIT ( 
 HUMANITY2 5D !N IT MAY BE *ECK$1 & 
 EV5 R$UC$ ALMO/ TO NO?+NESS1 BY ! 
 P>ALLEL GR[? ( 9TELLIG5CE4 ,IF IT IS A WANT 
 ( FIRMNESS ( WILL :I* HAS BE5 9H]IT$ 
 WE KN[ ALSO ?AT ?IS FEATURE ( *>ACT] 
 MAY LEAD TO ! MO/ V>I$ CONSEQU5CES 
 ACCORD+ TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( LIFE4 ,H[ 
 MANY ( \R 0GOOD FELL[S0 SUFF] PRECISELY 
 FROM ?IS DEFECT8 ,IS IT A SUFFICI5T REASON = 
 S5D+ !M TO PRISON8 

,HUMANITY HAS SELDOM V5TUR$ TO TREAT ITS 
 PRISON]S LIKE HUMAN BE+S2 BUT EA* TIME 
 IT HAS DONE SO IT HAS BE5 REW>D$ = ITS 
 BOLDNESS4 ,I WAS SOMETIMES /RUCK AT ,CLAIRVAUX 
 ) ! K9DNESS BE/[$ ON SICK PEOPLE 
 BY SEV]AL ASSI/ANTS 9 ! HOSPITAL2 ,I WAS 
 T\*$ BY SEV]AL MANIFE/ATIONS ( A REF9$ 
 FEEL+ ( DELICACY4 ,DR4 ,CAMPBELL1 :O HAS 
 HAD MU* MORE OPPORTUNITY ( LE>N+ ?IS 
 TRAIT ( HUMAN NATURE DUR+ HIS ?IRTY YE>S' 
 EXP]I5CE AS PRISON-SURGEON1 GOES MU* 
 F>!R4 ,BY MILD TREATM5T1 HE SAYS1 '') AS 
 MU* CONSID]ATION AS IF !Y HAD BE5 DELICATE 
 LADIES 7,I QUOTE HIS [N WORDS71 ! GREATE/ 
 ORD] WAS G5]ALLY MA9TA9$ 9 ! HOSPITAL40 
 ,HE WAS /RUCK ) ?AT 0E/IMABLE 
 TRAIT 9 ! *>ACT] ( PRISON]S OBS]VABLE 
 EV5 AMONG ! R\<E/ CRIM9ALS2 ,I MEAN 
 ! GREAT ATT5TION !Y BE/[ ON ! SICK40 
 0,! MO/ H>D5$ CRIM9ALS10 HE ADDS1 0>E 
 NOT EXEMPT FROM ?IS FEEL+40 ,& HE SAYS 
 ELSE:]E3 0,AL?\< MANY ( !SE M51 
 FROM !IR =M] RECKLESS LIFE & HABITS ( 
 DEPR$ATION MI<T BE SUPPOS$ TO BE H>D5$ 
 & 9DIFF]5T1 !Y HAVE A KE5 S5SE ( :AT 
 IS RI<T OR WRONG40 ,ALL HONE/ M5 :O HAVE 
 HAD TO DO ) PRISON]S1 CAN BUT CONFIRM ! 
 EXP]I5CE ( ,DR4 ,CAMPBELL4 

,:AT IS ! SECRET ( ?IS FEATURE1 :I* 
 SURELY CANNOT FAIL TO /RIKE PEOPLE ACCU/OM$ 
 TO CONSID] ! CONVICT AS V]Y LITTLE %ORT ( A 
 WILD BEA/8 ,! ASSI/ANTS 9 HOSPITALS HAVE 
 AN OPPORTUNITY ( EX]CIS+ !IR GOOD FEEL+S4 
 ,!Y HAVE OPPORTUNITIES ( FEEL+ COMPASSION 
 = SOMEBODY1 & ( ACT+ ACCORD+LY4 
 ,MOREOV]1 !1 5JOY )9 ! HOSPITAL MU* 
 MORE FRE$OM ?AN ! O!R CONVICTS2 & 
 ?OSE ( :OM ,DR4 ,CAMPBELL SPEAKS W]E UND] 
 ! DIRECT MORAL 9FLU5CE ( A DOCTOR LIKE 
 HIMSELF NOT ( A SOLDI]4 

,9 %ORT1 AN?ROPOLOGICAL CAUSES ?AT IS1 
 DEFECTS ( ORGANIZATION PLAY A MO/ IMPORTANT 
 P>T 9 BR++ M5 TO JAIL2 BUT !SE CAUSES 
 >E NOT CAUSES ( 0CRIM9ALITY10 PROP]LY 
 SPEAK+4 ,! SAME CAUSES >E AT WORK AMID 
 MILLIONS & MILLIONS ( \R MOD]N 
 PSY*OPA?IC G5]ATION2 BUT !Y LEAD TO ANTI-SOCIAL 
 DE$S ONLY UND] C]TA9 UNFAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES4 
 ,PRISONS DO NOT CURE !SE PA?OLOGICAL 
 DE=MITIES1 !Y ONLY RE9=CE !M2 
 & :5 A PSY*OPA? LEAVES A PRISON1 AFT] 
 HAV+ BE5 SUBJECT$ = SEV]AL YE>S TO ITS 
 DET]IORAT+ 9FLU5CE1 HE IS )\T COMP>ISON 
 LESS FIT = LIFE 9 SOCIETY ?AN HE WAS 
 BE=E4 ,IF HE IS PREV5T$ FROM COMMITT+ 
 FRE% ANTI-SOCIAL DE$S1 ?AT CAN ONLY BE ATTA9$ 
 BY UNDO+ ! WORK ( ! PRISON1 BY OBLIT]AT+ 
 ! FEATURES ) :I* IT 9CULCATES 
 ?OSE :O HAVE PASS$ ?R\< ITS ORDEAL A 
 TASK :I* C]TA9LY IS P]=M$ BY SOME 
 FRI5DS ( HUMANITY1 BUT A TASK UTT]LY HOPELESS 
 9 SO MANY CASES4 

,!RE IS SOME?+ TO SAY ALSO ) REG>D 
 TO ?OSE :OM CRIM9ALI/ DESCRIBE AS QUALIFI$ 
 ASSASS9S1 & :O 9 SO MANY C\NTRIES 
 IMBU$ ) ! OLD ,BIBLICAL PR9CIPLE ( A 
 TOO? = A TOO?1 >E S5T TO ! GALL[S4 
 ,IT MAY SEEM /RANGE 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 BUT ! 
 FACT IS ?AT ?R\<\T ,SIB]IA :]E !RE IS 
 AMPLE OPPORTUNITY TO JUDGE DIFF]5T CATEGORIES 
 ( EXILES ! 0MURD]]S0 >E CONSID]$ AS 
 ! BE/ CLASS ( ! CONVICT POPULATION2 & ,I 
 WAS V]Y HAPPY TO SEE ?AT ,MR4 ,DAVITT1 :O 
 HAS SO ACUTELY ANALYZ$ CRIME & ITS CAUSES1 
 HAS ALSO BE5 ABLE TO MAKE A LIKE OBS]VATION4 
 .<#a#h.> 
 ,IT IS NOT KN[N AS G5]ALLY AS IT \<T TO BE 
 ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN LAW HAS NOT RECOGNIZ$ CAPITAL 
 PUNI%M5T = MORE ?AN A C5TURY4 ,H[EV] 
 FREELY POLITICAL (F5D]S HAVE BE5 S5T TO ! 
 GALL[S UND] ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 & ,I,I,I41 SO ?AT 
 #ca M5 HAVE BE5 PUT TO DEA? DUR+ ! 
 PREC$+ REIGN.<#a#i.> & AB\T #be S9CE #a#h#h#a1 
 CAPITAL PUNI%M5T DOES NOT EXI/ 9 ,RUSSIA = 
 COMMON-LAW (F5SES4 ,IT WAS ABOLI%$ 9 
 #a#g#e#c1 & S9CE ?AT TIME MURD]]S >E M]ELY 
 CONDEMN$ TO H>D-LABOR FROM EI<T TO TW5TY 
 YE>S 7P>RICIDES = LIFE71 AFT] ! EXPIRATION 
 ( :I* T]M !Y >E SETTL$ FREE = LIFE 9 
 ,SIB]IA4 ,!RE=E1 ,EA/]N ,SIB]IA IS FULL ( 
 LIB]AT$ ASSASS9S2 &1 NEV]!LESS1 !RE IS 
 H>DLY ANO!R C\NTRY :]E Y\ C\LD TRAVEL 
 & /AY ) GREAT] SECURITY4 ,DUR+ MY V]Y 
 EXT5SIVE J\RNEYS 9 ,SIB]IA ,I NEV] C>RI$ 
 ) ME A DEF5SIVE WEAPON ( ANY K9D1 
 & ! SAME WAS ! CASE ) MY FRI5DS1 
 EA* ( :OM EV]Y YE> TRAVEL$ SOME?+ 
 LIKE T5 ?\S& MILES ACROSS ?IS IMM5SE 
 T]RITORY4 ,AS M5TION$ 9 A PREC$+ *APT] 
 ! NUMB] ( MURD]S :I* >E COMMITT$ 
 9 ,EA/ ,SIB]IA BY LIB]AT$ ASSASS9S1 OR BY ! 
 NUMB]LESS RUNAWAYS1 IS EXCE$+LY SMALL2 
 :ILE ! UNCEAS+ ROBB]IES & MURD]S 
 ( :I* ,SIB]IA COMPLA9S N[1 TAKE PLACE 
 PRECISELY 9 ,TOMSK & ?R\<\T ,WE/]N 
 ,SIB]IA1 :]ETO NO MURD]]S1 & ONLY M9OR 
 (F5D]S >E EXIL$4 ,9 ! E>LI] P>TS ( ?IS 
 C5TURY IT WAS NOT UNCOMMON TO F9D AT AN 
 (FICIAL'S H\SE ?AT ! COA*MAN WAS A LIB]AT$ 
 MURD]]1 OR ?AT ! NURSE :O BE/[$ 
 SU* MO!RLY C>E UPON ! *ILDR5 BORE IMP]FECTLY 
 OBLIT]AT$ M>KS ( ! BR&+ IRON4 ,AS TO ?OSE 
 :O W\LD SUGGE/ ?AT 
 PROBABLY ! ,RUSSIANS >E A MILD] SORT ( M5 
 ?AN ?OSE ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 !Y HAVE ONLY 
 TO REMEMB] ! SC5ES :I* HAVE ACCOMPANI$ 
 ! \TBREAKS ( PEASANTS2 & !Y 
 MI<T BE ASK$ ALSO1 H[ F> ! ABS5CE ( 
 EXECUTIONS & ( ALL ?AT ABOM9ABLE TALK 
 :I* IS F$ BY DESCRIPTIONS ( EXECUTIONS  
 ! TALK 9 :I* ,5GLI% PRISON]S DELI<T 
 MO/ HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO FO/] A COLD CONTEMPT 
 = HUMAN LIFE4 

,! %AMEFUL PRACTICE ( LEGAL ASSASS9ATION 
 :I* IS /ILL C>RI$ ON 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 
 ! %AMEFUL PRACTICE ( HIR+ = A GU9EA 
 AN ASSASS9.<#b.> TO ACCOMPLI% A S5T5CE :I* 
 ! JUDGE W\LD NOT HAVE ! C\RAGE TO C>RY 
 \T HIMSELF ?IS %AMEFUL PRACTICE & ALL ?AT 
 H>DLY-IMAG9ABLE AM\NT ( CORRUPTION IT 
 CONT9UES TO P\R 9TO SOCIETY1 HAS NOT EV5 ! 
 EXCUSE ( PREV5T+ MURD]4 ,NO:]E HAS ! 
 ABOLITION ( CAPITAL PUNI%M5T 9CREAS$ ! 
 NUMB] ( MURD]S4 ,IF ! PRACTICE ( PUTT+ 
 M5 TO DEA? IS /ILL 9 USE1 IT IS M]ELY A RESULT 
 ( CRAV5 FE>1 C\PL$ ) REM9ISC5CES ( A 
 L[] DEGREE ( CIVILIZATION :5 ! 
 TOO?-=-A-TOO? PR9CIPLE WAS PREA*$ BY RELIGION4 

,BUT IF ! COSMICAL CAUSES EI!R DIRECTLY 
 OR 9DIRECTLY EX]CISE SO P[]FUL AN 9FLU5CE 
 ON ! YE>LY AM\NT ( ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS2 IF 
 PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSES1 DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ! 
 9TIMATE /RUCTURE ( ! BODY1 >E ALSO A P[]FUL 
 FACTOR 9 BR++ M5 TO COMMIT BREA*ES ( 
 ! LAW1 :AT WILL REMA9 ( ! !ORIES ( 
 ! WRIT]S ON ! CRIM9AL LAW AFT] WE HAVE 
 ALSO TAK5 9TO ACC\NT ! SOCIAL CAUSES ( 
 :AT WE CALL CRIME8 

,!RE WAS A CU/OM ( OLD BY :I* EA* 
 COMMUNE 7CLAN1 ,M>K1 ,GEME9DE7 WAS CONSID]$ 
 RESPONSIBLE AS A :OLE = ANY ANTISOCIAL ACT 
 COMMITT$ BY ANY ( ITS MEMB]S4 
 ,?IS OLD CU/OM HAS DISAPPE>$ LIKE SO MANY 
 GOOD REMNANTS ( ! COMMUNAL ,ORGANIZATION ( 
 OLD4 ,BUT WE >E RETURN+ TO IT2 & AGA91 
 AFT] HAV+ PASS$ ?R\< A P]IOD ( ! 
 MO/ UNBRIDL$ 9DIVIDUALISM1 ! FEEL+ IS 
 GR[+ AMONG US ?AT SOCIETY IS RESPONSIBLE 
 = ! ANTI-SOCIAL DE$S COMMITT$ 9 ITS MID/4 
 ,IF WE HAVE \R %>E ( GLORY 9 ! A*IEVEM5TS 
 ( ! G5IUSES ( \R C5TURY1 WE HAVE 
 \R P>T ( %AME 9 ! DE$S ( \R ASSASS9S4 

,FROM YE> TO YE> ?\S&S ( *ILDR5 
 GR[ UP 9 ! FIL? MAT]IAL & MORAL ( 
 \R GREAT CITIES1 COMPLETELY AB&ON$ AMID A 
 POPULATION DEMORALIZ$ BY A LIFE FROM H& TO 
 M\?1 ! 9C]TITUDE ( TO-MORR[1 & A 
 MIS]Y ( :I* NO =M] EPO* HAS HAD EV5 
 AN APPREH5SION4 ,LEFT TO !MSELVES & TO 
 ! WOR/ 9FLU5CES ( ! /REET1 RECEIV+ BUT 
 LITTLE C>E FROM !IR P>5TS GR\ND D[N BY 
 A T]RIBLE /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE1 !Y H>DLY 
 KN[ :AT A HAPPY HOME IS2 BUT !Y LE>N 
 FROM E>LIE/ *ILDHOOD :AT ! VISES ( \R 
 GREAT CITIES >E4 ,!Y 5T] LIFE )\T EV5 
 KN[+ A H&ICRAFT :I* MI<T HELP !M TO 
 E>N !IR LIV+4 ,! SON ( A SAVAGE LE>NS 
 HUNT+ FROM HIS FA!R2 HIS SI/] LE>NS H[ 
 TO MANAGE !"9 SIMPLE H\SEHOLD4 ,! *ILDR5 
 :OSE FA!R & MO!R LEAVE ! D5 !Y 
 9HABIT1 E>LY 9 ! MORN+1 9 SE>* ( ANY 
 JOB :I* MAY HELP !M TO GET ?R\< ! 
 NEXT WEEK1 5T] LIFE NOT EV5 ) ?AT KN[L$GE4 
 ,!Y KN[ NO H&ICRAFT2 !IR HOME 
 HAS BE5 ! MUDDY /REET2 & ! TEA*+S 
 !Y RECEIV$ 9 ! /REET W]E ( ! K9D 
 KN[N BY ?OSE :O HAVE VISIT$ ! :]EAB\TS 
 ( ! G9-PALACES ( ! POOR1 & ( 
 ! PLACES ( AMUSEM5T ( ! RI*] CLASSES4 

,IT IS ALL V]Y WELL TO ?UND] D5UNCIATIONS 
 AB\T ! DRUNK5 HABITS ( ?IS CLASS ( ! 
 POPULATION1 BUT IF ?OSE :O D5\NCE !M 
 HAD GR[N UP 9 ! SAME CONDITIONS AS ! 
 *ILDR5 ( ! LABOR] :O EV]Y MORN+ 
 CONQU]S BY MEANS ( HIS [N FI/S ! RI<T ( 
 BE+ ADMITT$ AT ! GATE ( A ,LONDON DOCKY>D1 
 H[ MANY ( !M W\LD NOT HAVE 
 BECOME ! CONT9UAL GUE/S ( ! G9-PALACES8 
 ! ONLY PALACES ) :I* ! RI* HAVE 
 5D[$ ! REAL PRODUC]S ( ALL RI*ES4 

,:5 WE SEE ?IS POPULATION GR[+ UP 9 
 ALL \R BIG MANUFACTUR+ C5T]S WE CANNOT 
 WOND] ?AT \R BIG CITIES *IEFLY SUPPLY PRISONS 
 ) 9MATES4 ,I NEV] CEASE TO WOND]1 ON ! 
 CONTR>Y1 ?AT RELATIVELY SO SMALL A PROPORTION 
 ( !SE *ILDR5 BECOME ?IEVES OR HI<WAY 
 ROBB]S4 ,I NEV] CEASE TO WOND] AT ! 
 DEEPROOT$NESS ( SOCIAL FEEL+S 9 ! HUMANITY 
 ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 AT ! GOODNESS ( 
 HE>T :I* /ILL PREVAILS 9 ! DIRTY /REETS1 
 :I* >E ! CAUSES ?AT RELATIVELY SO FEW ( 
 ?OSE :O GR[ UP 9 ABSOLUTE NEGLECT DECL>E 
 OP5 W> AGA9/ \R SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ,!SE 
 GOOD FEEL+S1 ?IS AV]SION TO VIOL5CE1 ?IS 
 RESIGNATION :I* MAKES !M ACCEPT !IR 
 FATE )\T HATR$ GR[+ 9 !IR HE>TS1 >E 
 ! ONLY REAL B>RI] :I* PREV5TS !M FROM 
 OP5LY BREAK+ ALL SOCIAL BONDS1 NOT ! 
 DET]R+ 9FLU5CE ( PRISONS4 ,/ONE W\LD 
 NOT REMA9 UPON /ONE 9 \R MOD]N PALACES1 
 W]E IT NOT = !SE FEEL+S4 

,& AT ! O!R 5D ( ! SOCIAL SCALE1 
 MONEY ?AT IS REPRES5TATIVE SIGNS ( HUMAN 
 WORK1 IS SQU&]$ 9 UNHE>D-( LUXURY1 V]Y 
 (T5 ) NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN TO SATISFY A 
 /UPID VANITY4 ,:ILE OLD & Y\NG HAVE NO 
 BREAD1 & >E REALLY />V+ AT ! V]Y DOORS 
 ( \R LUXURI\S %OPS1 !SE KN[ NO LIMITS 
 TO !IR LAVI% EXP5DITURE4 

,:5 EV]Y?+ R\ND AB\T US ! %OPS 
 & ! PEOPLE WE SEE 9 ! /REETS1 ! 
 LIT]ATURE WE READ1 ! MONEY-WOR%IP WE MEET ) 
 EV]Y DAY T5DS TO DEVELOP AN 9SATIABLE ?IR/ 
 = UNLIMIT$ WEAL?1 A LOVE = SP>KI% LUXURY1 
 A T5D5CY T[>DS SP5D+ MONEY FOOLI%LY 
 = EV]Y AV[ABLE & UNAV[ABLE PURPOSE2 
 :5 !RE >E :OLE QU>T]S 9 \R CITIES 
 EA* H\SE ( :I* REM9DS US ?AT MAN HAS 
 TOO (T5 REMA9$ A BEA/1 :ATEV] ! 
 DECORUM UND] :I* HE CONCEALS HIS BE/IALITY2 
 :5 ! WAT*WORD ( \R CIVILIZ$ WORLD IS3 
 0,5RI* Y\RSELVES ,I ,CRU% D[N EV]Y?+ Y\ 
 MEET 9 Y\R WAY1 BY ALL MEANS %ORT ( ?OSE 
 :I* MI<T BR+ Y\ BE=E A C\RT60 ,:5 
 AP>T FROM A FEW EXCEPTIONS1 ALL FROM ! 
 L&LORD D[N TO ! >TISAN >E TAU<T EV]Y 
 DAY 9 A ?\S& WAYS ?AT ! BEAU-IDEAL ( 
 LIFE IS TO MANAGE AFFAIRS SO AS TO MAKE O!RS 
 WORK = Y\2 :5 MANUAL WORK IS SO 
 DESPIS$ ?AT ?OSE :O P]I% FROM WANT ( 
 BODILY EX]CISE PREF] TO RESORT TO GYMNA/ICS1 
 IMITAT+ ! MOVEM5TS ( SAW+ & DIGG+1 
 9/EAD ( SAW+ WOOD & HOE+ ! SOIL2 
 :5 H>D & BLACK5$ H&S >E CONSID]$ 
 AS A SIGN ( 9F]IORITY1 & A SILK-DRESS & ! 
 KN[L$GE ( H[ TO KEEP S]VANTS UND] 
 /RICT DISCIPL9E IS A TOK5 ( SUP]IORITY2 :5 
 LIT]ATURE EXP5DS ITS >T 9 MA9TA9+ ! 
 WOR%IP ( RI*NESS & TREATS ! 0IMPRACTICAL 
 IDEALI/0 ) CONTEMPT :AT NE$ IS !RE 
 TO TALK AB\T 9H]IT$ CRIM9ALITY :5 SO 
 MANY FACTORS ( \R LIFE WORK 9 ONE DIRECTION  
 ?AT ( MANUFACTUR+ BE+S UNSUIT$ = A 
 HONE/ EXI/5CE1 P]MEAT$ ) ANTI-SOCIAL 
 FEEL+S6 

,LET US ORGANIZE \R SOCIETY SO AS TO ASSURE TO 
 EV]YBODY ! POSSIBILITY ( REGUL> WORK = 
 ! B5EFIT ( ! COMMONWEAL? & ?AT 
 MEANS ( C\RSE A ?OR\< TRANS=MATION ( 
 ! PRES5T RELATIONS BETWE5 WORK & CAPITAL2 
 LET US ASSURE TO EV]Y *ILD A S\ND $UCATION 
 & 9/RUCTION1 BO? 9 MANUAL LABOR & 
 SCI5CE1 SO AS TO P]MIT HIM TO ACQUIRE1 DUR+ 
 ! FIR/ TW5TY YE>S ( HIS LIFE1 ! KN[L$GE 
 & HABITS ( E>NE/ WORK & WE %ALL BE 
 9 NO MORE NE$ ( DUNGEONS & JAILS1 ( 
 JUDGES & HANGM54 ,MAN IS A RESULT ( ?OSE 
 CONDITIONS 9 :I* HE HAS GR[N UP4 ,LET HIM 
 GR[ 9 HABITS ( USEFUL WORK2 LET HIM BE 
 BR\<T BY HIS E>LI] LIFE TO CONSID] HUMANITY 
 AS ONE GREAT FAMILY1 NO MEMB] ( :I* CAN BE 
 9JUR$ )\T ! 9JURY BE+ FELT BY A WIDE 
 CIRCLE ( HIS FELL[S1 & ULTIMATELY BY ! :OLE 
 ( SOCIETY2 LET HIM ACQUIRE A TA/E = ! 
 HI<E/ 5JOYM5TS ( SCI5CE & >T MU* 
 MORE L(TY & DURABLE ?AN ?OSE GIV5 BY ! 
 SATISFACTION ( L[] PASSIONS1 & WE MAY 
 BE SURE ?AT WE %ALL NOT HAVE MANY BREA*ES 
 ( ?OSE LAWS ( MORALITY :I* >E AN 
 UNCONSCI\S AFFIRMATION ( ! BE/ CONDITIONS = 
 LIFE 9 SOCIETY4 

,TWO-?IRDS ( ALL BREA*ES ( LAW BE+ SO CALL$ 
 0CRIMES AGA9/ PROP]TY10 !SE CASES 
 WILL DISAPPE>1 OR BE LIMIT$ TO A QUITE TRIFL+ 
 AM\NT1 :5 PROP]TY1 :I* IS N[ ! 
 PRIVILEGE ( ! FEW1 %ALL RETURN TO ITS REAL 
 S\RCE ! COMMUNITY4 ,AS TO 0CRIMES 
 AGA9/ P]SONS10 ALREADY !IR NUMB]S >E 
 RAPIDLY DECREAS+1 [+ TO ! GR[? ( 
 MORAL & SOCIAL HABITS :I* NECESS>ILY 
 DEVELOP 9 EA* SOCIETY1 & CAN ONLY GR[ 
 :5 COMMON 9T]E/S CONTRIBUTE MORE & 
 MORE TO TI<T5 ! BONDS :I* 9DUCE M5 
 TO LIVE A COMMON LIFE4 

,( C\RSE1 :ATEV] BE ! ECONOMICAL BASES 
 ( ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 !RE WILL ALWAYS BE 
 9 ITS MID/ A C]TA9 NUMB] ( BE+S ) 
 PASSIONS MORE /RONGLY DEVELOP$ & LESS 
 EASILY CONTROLL$ ?AN ! RE/2 & !RE 
 ALWAYS WILL BE M5 :OSE PASSIONS MAY 
 OCCASIONALLY LEAD !M TO COMMIT ACTS ( AN 
 ANTI-SOCIAL *>ACT]4 ,BUT !SE PASSIONS CAN 
 RECEIVE ANO!R DIRECTION1 & MO/ ( !M 
 CAN BE R5D]$ ALMO/ OR QUITE H>MLESS BY 
 ! COMB9$ EF=TS ( ?OSE :O SURR\ND US4 
 ,WE LIVE N[ 9 TOO MU* ISOLATION4 ,EV]YBODY 
 C>ES ONLY = HIMSELF1 OR HIS NE>E/ RELATIVES4 
 ,EGOTI/IC ?AT IS1 UN9TELLIG5T 9DIVIDUALISM 
 9 MAT]IAL LIFE HAS NECESS>ILY BR\<T AB\T 
 AN 9DIVIDUALISM AS EGOTI/IC & AS H>MFUL 9 
 TILE MUTUAL RELATIONS ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,BUT 
 WE HAVE KN[N 9 HI/ORY1 & WE SEE /ILL1 
 COMMUNITIES :]E M5 >E MORE CLOSELY CONNECT$ 
 TOGE!R ?AN 9 \R ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN 
 CITIES4 ,*9A IS AN 9/ANCE 9 PO9T4 ,! 
 GREAT 0COMP\ND FAMILY0 IS !RE /ILL ! 
 BASIS ( ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION3 ! MEMB]S 
 ( ! COMP\ND FAMILY KN[ ONE ANO!R 
 P]FECTLY2 !Y SUPPORT ONE ANO!R1 !Y HELP 
 ONE ANO!R1 NOT M]ELY 9 MAT]IAL LIFE1 BUT 
 ALSO 9 MORAL TR\BLES2 & ! NUMB] ( 
 0CRIMES0 BO? AGA9/ PROP]TY & P]SONS1 
 /&S AT AN A/ONI%+LY L[ LEVEL 79 ! 
 C5TRAL PROV9CES1 ( C\RSE1 NOT ON ! 
 SEA%ORE74 ,! ,SLAVONIAN & ,SWISS AGR>IAN 
 COMMUNES >E ANO!R 9/ANCE4 ,M5 KN[ 
 ONE ANO!R 9 !SE SMALL] AGGREGATIONS3 !Y 
 MUTUALLY SUPPORT ONE ANO!R2 :ILE 9 \R 
 CITIES ALL BONDS BETWE5 ! 9HABITANTS HAVE 
 DISAPPE>$4 ,! OLD FAMILY1 BAS$ ON A 
 COMMON ORIG91 IS DIS9TEGRAT+4 ,BUT M5 
 CANNOT LIVE 9 ?IS ISOLATION1 & ! ELEM5TS 
 ( NEW SOCIAL GR\PS ?OSE TIES >IS+ BETWE5 
 ! 9HABITANTS ( ! SAME SPOT HAV+ MANY 
 9T]E/S 9 COMMON1 & ?OSE ( PEOPLE UNIT$ 
 BY ! PROSECUTION ( COMMON AIMS IS GR[+4 
 ,!IR GR[? CAN ONLY BE ACCEL]AT$ 
 BY SU* *ANGES AS W\LD BR+ AB\T A CLOS] 
 MUTUAL DEP5D5CY & A GREAT] EQUALITY 
 BETWE5 ! MEMB]S ( \R COMMUNITIES4 

,& YET1 NOT)/&+ ALL ?IS1 !RE 
 SURELY WILL REMA9 A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( P]SONS 
 :OSE ANTI-SOCIAL PASSIONS ! RESULT ( BODILY 
 DISEASES MAY /ILL BE A DANG] = ! COMMUNITY4 
 ,%ALL HUMANITY S5D !SE TO ! 
 GALL[S1 OR LOCK !M UP 9 PRISONS8 ,SURELY 
 IT WILL NOT RESORT TO ?IS WICK$ SOLUTION ( ! 
 DIFFICULTY4 

,!RE WAS A TIME :5 LUNATICS1 CONSID]$ 
 AS POSSESS$ BY ! DEVIL1 W]E TREAT$ 9 ! 
 MO/ ABOM9ABLE MANN]4 ,*A9$ 9 /ALLS 
 LIKE ANIMALS1 !Y W]E DREAD$ EV5 BY !IR 
 KEEP]S4 ,TO BREAK !IR *A9S1 TO SET !M 
 FREE1 W\LD HAVE BE5 CONSID]$ !N AS A 
 FOLLY4 ,BUT A MAN CAME ,P9EL :O D>$ TO 
 TAKE (F !IR *A9S1 & TO (F] !M BRO!RLY 
 WORDS1 BRO!RLY TREATM5T4 ,& ?OSE :O 
 W]E LOOK$ UPON AS READY TO DEV\R ?O 
 HUMAN BE+ :O D>$ TO APPROA* !M1 
 GA!R$ R\ND !IR LIB]ATOR1 & PROV$ 
 ?AT HE WAS RI<T 9 HIS BELIEF 9 ! BE/ 
 FEATURES ( HUMAN NATURE1 EV5 9 ?OSE :OSE 
 9TELLIG5CE WAS D>K5$ BY DISEASE4 ,FROM 
 ?AT TIME ! CAUSE ( HUMANITY WAS WON4 ,! 
 LUNATIC WAS NO LONG] TREAT$ LIKE A WILD BEA/4 
 ,M5 RECOGNIZ$ 9 HIM A BRO!R4 

,! *A9S DISAPPE>$1 BUT ASYLUMS  
 ANO!R NAME = PRISONS REMA9$1 & 
 )9 !IR WALLS A SY/EM AS BAD AS ?AT ( 
 ! *A9S GREW UP BY-&-BY4 ,BUT !N ! 
 PEASANTS ( A ,BELGIAN VILLAGE1 MOV$ BY !IR 
 SIMPLE GOOD S5SE & K9DNESS ( HE>T1 %[$ 
 ! WAY T[>DS A NEW DEP>TURE :I* LE>N$ 
 /UD5TS ( M5TAL DISEASE DID NOT P]CEIVE4 
 ,!Y SET ! LUNATICS QUITE FREE4 ,!Y TOOK 
 !M 9TO !IR FAMILIES1 (F]$ !M A B$ 9 
 !IR POOR H\SES1 A *AIR AT !IR PLA9 TABLES1 
 A PLACE 9 !IR RANKS TO CULTIVATE ! SOIL1 A 
 PLACE 9 !IR DANC+-P>TIES4 ,& ! FAME 
 SPREAD WIDE ( 0MIRACUL\S CURES0 EFFECT$ BY 
 ! SA9T TO :OSE NAME ! *UR* ( ,<EEL 
 WAS CONSECRAT$4 ,! REM$Y APPLI$ BY ! 
 PEASANTS WAS SO PLA91 SO OLD IT WAS LIB]TY  
 ?AT ! LE>N$ PEOPLE PREF]R$ TO TRACE ! 
 RESULT TO ,DIV9E 9FLU5CES 9/EAD ( TAK+ 
 ?+S AS !Y W]E4 ,BUT !RE WAS NO LACK ( 
 HONE/ & GOOD-HE>T$ M5 :O UND]/OOD 
 ! =CE ( ! TREATM5T 9V5T$ BY ! 
 ,<EEL PEASANTS1 ADVOCAT$ IT1 & GAVE ALL !IR 
 5]GIES TO OV]COME ! 9]TIA ( M9D1 ! 
 C[>DICE1 & ! 9DIFF]5CE ( !IR SURR\ND+S4 
 .<#b#a.> 

,LIB]TY & FRAT]NAL C>E HAVE PROV$ ! 
 BE/ CURE ON \R SIDE ( ! ABOVE-M5TION$ 
 WIDE BORD]L& 0BETWE5 9SANITY & CRIME40 
 ,!Y WILL PROVE ALSO ! BE/ CURE ON ! O!R 
 B\ND>Y ( ! SAME BORD]L&4 ,PROGRESS 
 IS 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,ALL ?AT T5DS ?AT WAY 
 WILL BR+ US NE>] TO ! SOLUTION ( ! 
 GREAT QUE/ION :I* HAS NOT CEAS$ TO PRE 
 OCCUPY HUMAN SOCIETIES S9CE ! REMOTE/ 
 ANTIQUITY1 & :I* CANNOT BE SOLV$ BY 
 PRISONS4 

  ,IL ,DEL9QU5TE2 ,UD9E1 #a#h#g#e4 
  
  ,NUOVI ORIZZONTI DEL ,DIRITTO E DELLA ,PROC$URE P5ALE 2 
 ,SOCIALISMO E ,CRIM9ALITA1 & SE,YCRAL O!RS4 

  ,L',ALCOOLISMO1 SUE CONSEQU5ZA MORALI E SUE CAUSE2 ,CATANIA1 
 #a#h#h#g4 ,A /UDY :I* ,I CANNOT BUT W>MLY RECOMM5D TO 
 ?OSE WRIT]S ON ! SUBJECT :O SO (T5 MI/AKE ! EFFECTS 
 = CAUSES4 
  
  ,GESAMMELTE ,ABH&LUNG51 ,B]L91 #a#h#h#b4 ,PA?OLOGIE 
  D] ,PSY*IS*5 ,KRANKHEIT54 

  ,ZWEIFELHAFFE ,GEI/ZU/&E1 ,]LANG51 #a#h#g#c2 ,GRUNDZUGE 
  D] ,CRIM9AL-,PSY*OLOGIE1 #a#h#g#b2 ,LEHRBU* D] G]I*TLI*5 
 ,PSY*OPATIE1 ,/UTTG>T1 #a#h#g#e4 
   
  ,PSYCIZOLOGIE ,NATURELLE1 ,P>IS1 #a#h#f#h2 ,CONGRES 
  ,P5IT5TIAIRE DE ,/OCKHOLM 5 #a#h#g#h1 VOL4 II4 

  0,9SANITY ) ,RELATION TO ,CRIME10 ,LONDON1 #a#h#h4 

  ,S4 ,A4 ,HILL1 0,! ,EFFECTS ( ! ,WEA!R UPON ! ,DEA? 
 ,RATE & ,CRIME 9 ,9DIA10 ,NATURE1 VOL4 #b#i1 #a#h#h#d1 P4 #c#c#h4 
 ,! =MULA %[S ?AT ! NUMB] ( SUICIDES & ACTS ( 
 VIOL5CE COMMITT$ EA* MON? IS EQUAL TO ! EXCESS ( ! 
 SV]AGE MON?LY TEMP]ATURE OV] #d#h8 ,FAHR4 MULTIPLI$ BY 
 #g #b1 PLUS ! AV]AGE MOI/NESS1 MULTIPLI$ BY #b4 L'HE 
 AU?OR ADDS3 0,CRIMES ( VIOL5CE 9 ,9DIA MAY !RE=E BE 
 SAID TO BE PROPORTIONAL 9 FREGU5CY TO ! T5D5CY TO 
 PRICKLY HEAT1 ?AT EXCRUCIAT+ CONDITION ( ! SK9 9DUC$ 
 BY A HI< TEMP]ATURE COMB9$ ) MOI/URE4 ,ANY ONE 
 :O HAS SUFF]$ FROM ?IS AILM5T1 & KN[S H[ IT AFFECT$ 
 HIS TEMP] WILL REALLY UND]/& H[ ! CONDITIONS :I* 
 PRODUCE IT MAY SOMETIMES LEAD TO HOMICIDE & O!R 
 CRIMES40 ,UND] COLD WEA!R ! 9FLU5CE IS ! REVORSE4 
  
  ,SEE ALSO ,MAYR1 ,GESETZMASSIGKEIT 9 ,GESELLS*AFTSLEB51 AS 
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  ,TEORIA DELL' IMPUTABILATA E LA ,NEGAZIONE DEL LIB]O >BITRIO1 
 ,BOLOGNA1 #a#h#h#a2 & MANY O!RS4 
  
  ,DAS ,F]BRE*5 9 SE9] ,ABHANGIGKEIT VON ,TEMP]ATUR1 
 ,B]L91 #a#h#h#b4 ,ALSO1 ,COLAJANNI'S ,OSCILLATIONS !RMOMETRIQUES1 
 ET DE'LITS CONTRE LES P]SONNES1 9 ,BIBL4 D',ANTILROPOLOGIE 
 ,CRIMISELLE1 ,LYONS1 #a#h#h#f4 
  
  ,L' ,UOMO DEL9QU5TE1 #cRD $ITION1 ,TOR9O1 #a#h#h#d4 
  
  ,SULL' ,9CREM5TO DEL ,DELITTO1 ,ROMA1 #a#h#g#i4 

  0,RESPONSIHILITY 9 ,M5TAL ,DISEASE10 ,LONDON1 #a#h#g#b2 0,BODY 
 & ,WILL10 ,LONDON1 #a#h#h#c4 

  ,MAUDSLEY'S 0,RESPONFIIBILITY 9 ,M5TAL ,DISEASE40 ,ON 
 PAGE #b#g1 ,MR4 ,MAUDSLEY SAYS3 0,9 LIKE MANN]1 ?\< A 
 CRIM9AL MI<T BE COMPASSIONAT$ IT W\LD /ILL BE NECESS>Y 
 TO DEPRIVE HIM ( ! P[] ( DO+ FUR!R MIS*IEF2 
 SOCIETY HAS CLE>LY ! RI<T TO 9SI/ ON ?AT BE+ DONE2 
 & ?\< HE MI<T BE K9DLY C>$ =1 ! TRUE/ K9DNESS 
 TO HIM & O!RS W\LD /ILL BE ! 5=CEM5T ( ?AT,IR9D 
  ( DISCIPL9A :I* IS BE/ FITT$ TO BR+ HIM1 IF POSSIBLE1 TO A 
  HEAL?Y /ATE ( M9D1 EV5 IF IT :]E H>D LABOR )9 ! 
  MEASURE ( HIS /R5G?40 ,LE>+ ASIDE ! 0RI<T0 ( 
 SOCIETY TO 5=CE H>D LABOR1 :I* MI<T BE D\BT$ UPON1 
 BECAUSE ,MR4 ,MAUDSLEY RECOGNIZES HIMSELF ?AT SOCIETY HAS 
 0MANUFACTUR$ ITS CRIM9ALS10 ,W,G WOND] ?AT SO OP5 A 
 M9D ADMITS1 EV5 = A MOM5T1 ?AT IMPRISONM5T ) 
 H>D LABOR MAY BE BE/ FITT$ TO BR+ ANYBODY TO A HEAL?Y 
 /ATE ( M9D4 
  
  ,VI]TELJAHRSS*RIFT FUR G]I*TLZ*E UND (F5TLI*E 
  ,M$IC91 #a#h#f#g4 
  
  
  ,J\RNAL ( ,M5TAL ,SCI5CE1 ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#g1 P4 #dhh SQ4 

  ,! IMPORTAUCE ( ?IS FACTOR1 WELL PO9T$ \T BY ,$4 
 ,DU ,CANE1 IS PROV$ BY ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT :AT !Y 
 CALL 0! CRIM9AL AGE0 IS ! AGE BETWE5 TW5TY-FIVE & 
 ?IRTY-F\R4 ,AFT] ?AT AGE1 A DESIRE = A QUIET] LIFE MAKES 
 ! BREA*ES ( LAW SUDD5LY DECREASE4 ,! PROPOSAL ( 
 ,$4 ,DU ,CANE 70IF ?OSE P]SONS :OSE C>E] EVID5CES 9 !M 
 M>K$ CRIM9AL T5D5CIES C\LD EI!R BE LOCK$ UP OR KEPT 
 UND] SUP]VISION UNTIL !Y HAD PASS$1 SAY1 ! ,DGE ( =TY07 
 IS TYPICAL ( ! PECULI> LOGICS DEVELOP$ 9 ?OSE PEOPLE 
 :O HAVE BE5 = SOME TIME SUP]9T5D5TS ( PRISONS4 
  
  ,HE SAYS3 0,MURD]S OCCASIONALLY OCCUR 9 CONNECTION ) 
 ROBB]Y1 IT IS TRUE2 BUT !Y >E AS A RULE ACCID5TAL TO ! 
 P]PETRATION ( ! LATT] CRIME1 & SC>CELY EV] PREM$ITAT$4 
 ,! MO/ HE9\S ( ALL (F5SES MURD] DELIB]ATELY 
 9T5D$ & PLANN$ BE=E ITS COMMISSION IS ORD9>ILY 
 ! (FSPR+ ( ! PASSIONS ( REV5GE & JEAL\SY1 OR ! 
 \TCONUE ( SOCIAL OR POLITICAL WRONGS2 & IS MORE FREQU5TLY 
 ! RESULT ( SOME D]ANGEM5T ( ! NOBL] 9/9CTS ( 
 HUMAN NATURE ?AN TRACEABLE TO ITS MORE DEBAS$ ORD]S OR 
 APPETITES40 ,LEAVES FROM A ,PRISON ,DI>Y1 VOL4 I1 PAGE #a#g4 

  ,NOBODY KN[S EXACTLY H[ MANY SCORES1 OR HUNDR$S1 
 ( ,POLES W]E EXECUT$ 9 #a#h#f#c-#f#e4 

  ^*,DU ,CANE'S 0,PUNI%M5T & ,PREV5TION ( ,CRIME10 
 P4 #c#c4 

  ,ONE ( !M1 ,DR4 ,>?UR ,MIT*ELL1 IS WELL KN[N 
 ,SCOTL&4 ,COMP>E HIS 0,9SANE 9 ,PRIVATE ,DWELL+S10 
 ,$9BUR<1 #a#h#f#d2 AS ALSO 0,C>E 5D TREATM5T ( ,9SANE 
 ,POOR10 9 ,$9B4 ,M$4 ,J\RNAL = #a#h#f#h4 
  
  

7,S\RCE3 ,9 ,RUSSIAN & ,FR5* ,PRISONS1 ,LONDON3 ,W>D & ,D[NEY2 #a#h#h#g47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhf 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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