,9 ,DEF5CE ( ,MALATE/A ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,SCOTT ,NAPPOLAS ,TEXT 3 0,LET !RE BE AS MU* CLASS /RUGGLE AS ONE WI%ES1 IF BY CLASS /RUGGLE ONE MEANS ! /RUGGLE ( ! EXPLOIT$ AGA9/ ! EXPLOIT]S = ! ABOLITION ( EXPLOITATION4 ,?AT /RUGGLE IS A WAY ( MORAL & MAT]IAL ELEVATION1 & IT IS ! MA9 REVOLUTION>Y =CE ?AT CAN BE RELI$ ON40 ,MALATE/A ,REC5TLY !RE HAVE BE5 V>I\S REF]5CES TO ! IDEAS ( ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,]RICO ,MALATE/A EI!R 9 BOOKS & PAMPHLETS OR 9 BLOGS4 ,= EXAMPLE ! BLOG ( ,SCOTT ,NAPPALOS HAS ! FOLL[+3 ',AN>*ISM & ! UNIONS3 A CRITIQUE ( ,MALATE/A'S AHI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE'4 ,I QUOTE 9 L5G? FROM ! >TICLE3 0,!RE >E ?REE MA9 ]RORS 9 ,MALATE/A'S >GUM5T ?AT WILL LEAD US TO DIFF]5T CONCLUSIONS4 ,MALATE/A BOT*ES ! ROLE ( HI/ORY 9 UNION'S /RUCTURE1 ! FUNCTION ( /RUGGLE 9 TRANS=M+ ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ITS P>TICIPANTS1 & ! V>IATIONS 9 ! =MS ( WORK]S ORGANIZATIONS4 #a4 ,IDEOLOGY IS LESS A PRODUCT ( WILL ?AN ( HI/ORY4 ,9 HIS REPLY TO DE ,SANTILLAN1 ,MALATE/A CLAIMS HE RECOGNIZES ?IS PO9T4 ,IT MAY BE ?AT HE DID1 BUT HE FAILS TO SEE ! PROBLEM = HIS >GUM5T4 ,! BASIC IDEA IS ?AT UNIONS CAN BE REVOLUTION>Y TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! CLASS OR SECTIONS ( ! CLASS >E REVOLUTION>Y4 ,?IS IS A HI/ORICAL MATT]4 ,HI/ORY & SOCIETY DEVELOPS UNEV5LY1 !RE WILL ALWAYS BE SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOV+ 9TO & AWAY FROM V>I\S REVOLUTION>Y PRAXIS EMB$D$ 9 !IR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,LIKEWISE ! SUCCESS & FAILURE ( !SE MOVEM5TS DEP5D ON !IR CONTEXT1 I4E4 ,! RUL+ CLASS1 ! O!R WORK]S ORGANIZATIONS1 ! REGION'S POSITION 9 GLOBAL CAPITAL1 ETC4 ,:5 WE MOVE AWAY FROM ! AB/RACT & TIMELESS P]SPECTIVE ,MALATE/A USES1 ONE LEG ( HIS >GUM5T CRUMBLES 7?AT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO HAVE MASS UNIONS ?AT HAVE REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS & PRACTICE74 #b4 ,MALATE/A MISSES ! ROLE ( /RUGGLE RADICALIZ+ WORK]S CONSCI\SNESS4 ,?IS MAKES GR[? )\T WAT]+ D[N PR9CIPLES POSSIBLE1 S9CE WORK]S 9 P>TICIPAT+ CAN BE RADICALIZ$ 7NOT SAY+ IT WILL1 JU/ ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE1 :I* DE/ROYS ! =K 9 HIS >GUM5T74 ,?IS IS A SIMIL> ISSUE AS ABOVE ) ,MALATE/A'S LACK ( UND]/&+ ( /RUGGLE ACROSS TIME4 ,WORK]S' IDEAS >E NOT /ATIC1 BUT RA!R %IFT 9 A DYNAMIC BETWE5 ! NOTIONS !Y HAVE1 !IR ACTIVITY1 & ! IDEAS !Y 5C\NT]4 ,?R\<\T HI/ORY WORK]S HAVE BUILT LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONS NOT NECESS>ILY FROM AN>*I/ AGITATION )9 MOVEM5TS SO MU* AS BE+ RADICALIZ$ BY ! DYNAMICS ( /RUGGLE ITSELF 7?\< ( C\RSE !RE >E O!R EXAMPLES TOO74 ,?IS MEANS ?AT IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE = WORK]S 9 LIB]T>IAN UNIONS TO DEVELOP REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS )\T BE+ REQUIR$ TO BE AN>*I/S BE=E JO9+4 ,S9CE LIB]T>IAN UNIONS' /RUCTURE_/PR9CIPLES >E VOLUNT>ILY BUILT1 !RE IS ALWAYS A /RUGGLE >\ND ! ORI5TATION ( ! UNION4 ,?AT DOESN'T MEAN H[EV] 7AS ,MALATE/A >GUES7 ?AT UNIONS BY !IR NATURE WILL CEASE BE+ REVOLUTION>Y :5 /RUGGLE PROGRESSES4 ,O!RWISE WE W\LD NOT HAVE SE5 LIB]T>IAN 9/ITUTIONS GR[ AT ALL1 !Y W\LD HAVE TURN$ RE=MI/ :ILE GR[+ & NEV] HAD ! *ANCE TO BE REPRESS$4 ,?IS ISN'T NEGAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT ! ,C,N,T OR :OEV] DID 9 FACT TURN T[>DS RE=MI/ ACTIVITIES1 S9CE 9 FACT ?AT WAS TRUE BY DEFAULT4 ,ALL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS EI!R PRODUC$ RE=MISM OR W]E DE/ROY$4 ,!RE >E O!R FACTORS ?AT EXPLA9 COOPTATION 7& ?IS WAS NOT 9 FACT ,MALATE/A'S >GUM5T1 HE >GUES UNIONS WILL BECOME RE=MI/ BE=E REA*+ REVOLUTION>Y CONCLUSIONS74 ,IT IS ALSO WOR? PO9T+ \T ?AT ALT]NATIVE LIB]T>IAN 9/ITUTIONS SU* AS AN>*OSYNDICALI/ UNIONS1 WORK]S C\NCILS1 MILITIAS1 PEASANTS' C\NCILS1 ETC41 =M$ P]HAPS ! ONLY SIGNIFICANT AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS4 ,GIV5 ?IS HI/ORY1 ! BURD5 ( PRO( FALLS ON ?OSE :O CLAIM ,MALATE/A'S /RATEGY1 :I* AS ( YET HAS NO SIGNIFICANT HI/ORICAL PREC$5T4 #c4 ,NOT ALL UNIONS W]E CREAT$ EQUAL4 ,S9CE ,MALATE/A DI$ BE=E SEE+ ! 9TEGRATION ( UNIONS 9TO ! SOCIAL P>TN]%IP ( ! /ATE & CAPITAL1 IT IS NOT USEFUL TO VIEW ,MALATE/A'S UNIONS AS ID5TICAL TO \RS4 ,= ?AT REASON1 IT IS LIKEWISE NAIVE TO ?9K ?AT ONE CAN M]ELY EXI/ )9 ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >E SETUP = & S*OOL$ 9 REPRESS+ RADICAL ORGANIZ+ & C>RY \T PROPAG&A EFFECTIVELY4 ,OV] #h YE>S ( COMMUNI/ 9FILTRATION 9TO ! UNIONS FAIL$ TO PRODUCE ANY SIGNIFICANT %IFTS 9 ! UNIONS NOR REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,AGA9 ! BURD5 ( PRO( LIES ) AN>*I/S :O ?9K O!RWISE1 & :O HAVE NEXT TO NO?+ TO %[ = AN>*I/ ATTEMPTS AT SU*4 ,MALATE/A'S >GUM5TS RELY ON ! IDEA ?AT ALL UNIONS >E ! SAME1 SOME JU/ WANT IDEOLOGY4 ,BUT 9 FACT ! /RUCTURE1 ME?ODS1 & AIMS ( UNIONS V>Y CONSID]ABLY4 ,! FUNDAM5TAL DIVISION 9 \R TIME IS BETWE5 UNIONS 7OR WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS7 ?AT SEEK TO M$IATE BETWE5 CAPITAL & WORK]S1 & ?OSE ?AT >E SPACES = AUTONOM\S ORGANIZ+ ?AT DON'T EXI/ BEYOND ! ACTIVITIES ( WORK]S4 ,! =M] IS ! TRADITIONAL ,AM]ICAN UNION1 :I* EXI/S MO/LY AS A BUREAUCRATIC LAY] ( PAID /AFF ) SPECIALIZ$ SKILLS :O NEGOTIATE A CONTRACT = ! WORK]S4 ,! CONTRACTS EX*ANGE WORK]S CONTROL = L>GELY ECONOMIC GA9S4 ,WORK]S 9T]ACT ) ! UNIONS1 & /RUGGLE = *ANGES ?R\< 7& SOMETIMES AGA9/ IT71 BUT ! UNION REMA9S A ?IRD P>TY ) SEP>ATE 9T]E/S ( ITS [N4 ,! #b? C5TURY IS FILL$ ) EXAMPLES ( ! UNIONS >E HIATE /RUCTURES TO ORGANIZE )7 OR Y\ DON'T4 ,IF Y\ WORK )9 ! UNION'S FRAMEWORK1 Y\ WORK ON !IR T]MS & MU/ FIE SUCCESSFUL4 ,IF Y\ BUILD A P>ALLEL /RUCTURE1 !N Y\ >E PURSU+ :AT ,MALATE/A >GU$ AGA9/1 IT IS A UNION ( ONE =M OR ANO!R40 ,N[ 9 FACT ,MALATE/A BELIEV$ ! OPPOSITE ( MU* ( ! ABOVE4 ,9 FACT IT WAS HE :O PROVID$ AN 9SPIRATION = MANY ( ! LEAD+ LIALLEL ,B\RSES DE ,TRAVAIL 7LABOR EX*ANGES CONTROLL$ BY WORK]S71 LIKE ,EMILE ,P\G] & ,F]N& ,PELL\TI]4 ,BETWE5 #ahhe & #ahhi HE WAS LIV+ 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES 9 ,>G5T9A4 ,H]E HE TOOK P>T 9 HELP+ ORGANIZE ! BAK]S' UNION :I* WAS F\ND$ BY ,ETTORE ,MATTEI & ,FRANCESSO ,MOMO4 ,HE DREW UP ! *>T] & PROGRAM ( ! UNION & SUPPORT$ ITS SUCCESSFUL /RIKES4 0,HIS & ,MATTEI'S ROLES 9 ! UNION W]E FUNDAM5TAL2 !Y F\G5T9E AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ,OSVALDO ,BAY]74 ,9 #ahhi ,MALATE/A MOV$ TO ,LONDON & REMA9$ !RE1 (F & ON1 = ! NEXT DECADE4 ,%ORTLY AFT] HIS >RIVAL1 ! ,GREAT ,DOCK /RIKE BROKE \T4 ,?IS RAN FROM #a#d? ,AUGU/ TO #a#f? ,SEPTEMB]4 ,LIKE HIS FELL[ AN>*I/ ,KROPOTK91 ,MALATE/A WAS MU* IMPRESS$ BY ! ACTION ( ! WORK]S4 ,AS ,DI,PAOLA NOTES1 HE HAD 3 0 CLOSE CONTACT ) AN>*I/1 LABOR & TRADE UNION MILITANTS4 444,?ANKS TO HIS DEEP KN[L$GE ( ,BRITI% TRADE UNIONISM HE C\LD EXAM9E BO? ITS POSITIVE & NEGATIVE ASPECTS1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE >IS+ FROM ! DANG] ( GREAT] BUREAUCRACY 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,?IS CONTRIBUT$ TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( HIS IDEAS AB\T ! ORGANIZATION & POLITICAL ROLE ( LABOR & TRADE UNIONS 9 ,ITALY4 ,HE US$ ! EXP]I5CE HE A*IEV$ 9 ,BRITA9 :5 HE PUBLI%$ ! NEWSPAP] ,L',AGITAZIONE 9 ,ANCONA 9 #a#h#i#g1 & LAT] :5 ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S L$ ! ,UNIONE ,S9DACALE ,ITALIANA40 ,9 ! PAP] HE BR\TICLE BY HIM ,A ,PROPOSITO DI ,UNO ,SCIOP]O 7 ,REG>D+ ,A ,/RIKE74 ,HE NOT$ ?AT SOON AS ! CASUAL WORK]S /RIKE WAS CALL$1 ALL O!R TRADES CONNECT$ TO LOAD+ & UNLOAD+ ( C>GOES /OPP$ WORK1 SOME ( !M PURELY 9 SYMPA?Y4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY O!R TRADES NOT CONNECT$ TO ! DOCKS PUT =W>D !IR [N DEM&S & W5T \T ON /RIKE1 AM\NT+ TO A TOTAL NUMB] ( #a#h1 ON /RIKE4 ,! GAS WORK]S (F]$ TO COME \T ON /RIKE ) ! PROSPECT ( ,LONDON 0PLUNG$ 9TO D>KNESS AT NIKABLE0 ABILITY TO GET ORGANIZ$4 ,FE$+ A POPULATION ( HALF A MILLION1 MANAG+ DONATIONS & COLLECTIONS1 ORGANIZ+ MEET+S & DEMON/RATIONS1 & KEEP+ WAT* ON ! BOSSES' ATTEMPTS TO EMPLOY SCABS1 0,ALL ?IS WAS DONE M>VEL\SLY & SPONTANE\SLY1 BY ! WORK ( VOLUNTE]S04 ,ABOVE ALL ! WORK]S' COLLECTIVE ACTION E>N$ HIS ADMIRATION4 0,?OSE WORK]S W]E NOT LACK+ A BROAD & (T5 9/9CTIVE NOTION ( !IR RIOSE 9 !M4440 ,TURCATO NOTES ?AT3 0 ,! POSITIVE IMPLICATIONS ( ! ,GREAT ,DOCK ,/RIKE & ! TACTICS ( NEW UNIONISM CAN H>DLY BE OV]-E/IMAT$4 ,HE 7,MALATE/A7 CAME TO REG>D /RIKES AS ! MO/ PROMIS+ PA? TO REVOLUTION1 9 CONTRA/ TO ANY O!R MEANS ?AT AN>*I/S HAD PRACTIC$ UNTIL !N04 ,AS ,MALATE/A HIMSELF WROTE 9 HIS >TICLE AFT] CONSID]+ BO? MOVEM5TS ORIG9ALLY 9ITIAT$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE & W>S AS CATALY/S = SOCIAL UNRE/1 :]E RELIANCE ON !M L$ TO FATALISM3 0,=TUNATELY !RE >E O!R WAYS BY :I* A REVOLUTION CAN COME1 & IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ! MO/ IMPORTANT AMONG !M >E WORK]S' AGITATIONS ?AT MANIFE/ !MSELVES 9 ! =M ( /RIKES444,! MO/ FRUITFUL LESSON ( ALL WAS ! HUGE DOCK LABOR] /RIKE :I* REC5TLY OCCURR$ 9 ,LONDON04 ,MALATE/A FUR!R EXP&$ !SE IDEAS 9 HIS PAP]1 CALL+ = ! 9T]V5TION ( AN>*I/S 9 /RUGGLES = IMM$IATE ECONOMIC GA9S44 ,FUR!R1 HE /AT$ ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WAS A LONG] PROCESS ?AN AN>*I/S HAD BELIEV$4 ,:AT WAS NE$$ WAS A DAILY & LONG T]M 9VOLVEM5T 9 UNIONS1 COOP]ATIVES & $UCATIONAL SOCIETIES4 ,= ,MALATE/A ECONOMIC /RUGGLE IMPLI$ A POLITICAL ONE4 ,HE US$ ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY MOBILIZATIONS TO ILLU/RATE A PO9T4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ WAS = WORK]S TO COLLECTIVELY ASS]T !MSELVES1 NOT ! LIMIT$ RE=MS !Y DEM&$4 ,FUR!RMORE1 IT WAS A MI/AKE TO DISMISS AGITATION >\ND ! EIT ( ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAT1 EV5 :5 !Y DO NOT COMPREH5D OR ACCEPT \R G5]AL PR9CIPLES1 CAN DEVISE ! WAY ?AT MU/ LEAD TO ! 5D ( HUMAN EXPLOITATION04 ,MALATE/A REPEAT$LY EMPHASIZ$ ?AT !SE =MS ( /RUGGLE W]E MEANS T[>DS SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,?IS FLIES 9 ! FACE ( ! /ATEM5T ( ,NAPPALOS ?AT ,MALATE/A MISSES ! ROLE ( /RUGGLE RADICALIZ+ WORK]S CONSCI\SNESS1 AS EV5 A CURSORY LOOK AT ,MALATE/A'S IDEAS PROVES ! FALSITY ( ?IS /ATEM5T4 ,FUR!R1 WE HAVE TO ADDRESS ! ASS]TIONS MADE 9 ! ,SOLID>ITY ,F$]ATION BOOKLET ,FILY AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S DID NOT FOCUS PRIM>ILY ON ! LABOR MOVEM5T04 ,AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S ( ! P]IOD ALSO 5GAG$1 QUITE CORRECTLY1 9 AGITATION AMONG :AT WAS !N A SIZABLE CLASS1 ! PEASANTRY1 C>EFUL OBS]VATION REVEALS ?IS NOT TO BE TRUE4 ,! BOOKLET 9CLUDES ,MALATE/A AMONG !SE E>LY AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 ,MALATE/A WAS AN E>LY ADVOCATE ( 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,TURCATO UND]L9ES ?IS3 0 ,ORGANIZATION WAS A WORK]'S MEANS TO GRADUALLY & COLLECTIVELY APPROA* AN>*ISM ?R\< CLASS CONSCI\SNESS04 ,HE !N QUOTES ,MALATE/A 0 ,TO BECOME AN AN>*I/ = GOOD1 & NOT ONLY NOM9ALLY1 HE MU/ />T TO FEEL ! SOLID>ITY ?AT L9KS HIM TO HIS COMRADES2 LE>N TO COOP]ATE ) ! O!RS = ! DEF5SE ( ! COMMON 9T]E/S2 &1 /RUGGL+ AGA9/ ! MA/]S & ! GOV]NM5T ?AT SUPPORTS ! MA/]S1 UND]/& ?AT MA/]S & GOV]NM5TS >E USELESS P>ASITES & ?AT WORK]S C\LD MANAGE BY !MSELVES ! SOCIAL 5T]PRISE4 ,:5 HE HAS UND]/OOD ALL ?IS1 HE IS AN AN>*I/1 EV5 IF HE DOES NOT C>RY ! D5OM9ATION04,FUR!RMORE1 ,EMILE ,P\GET1 :O WAS AN >*ITECT ( ,FR5* SYNDICALISM1 TRAVEL$ TO ,LONDON & HAD MEET+S ) ,MALATE/A 9 #a#h#i#c4 ,! FOLL[+ YE> HE WAS AGA9 9 ,LONDON1 LIV+ AT ! H\SE ( ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,DEF5DI FAMILY1 :]E ,MALATE/A ALSO RESID$4 ,BO? ( !M CONTRIBUT$ TO ! ,BRITI% AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ PAP] ,! ,TOR* 4 ,! ,AUGU/ #ahid ISSUE HAD >TICLES FROM !M BO?1 BUT SIGNIFICANTLY ,MALATE/A'S WAS ,! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE & ,! ,REVOLUTION :]E HE ADVOCAT$ ! G5]AL /RIKE AS A REVOLUTION>Y WEAPON4 ,IT IS APP>5T ?AT ,P\GET HAD BECOME 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,ITALIAN'S IDEAS ON ! SUBJECT4 ,9 #ahie HE & ,F]N& ,PELL\TI]1 DESCRIB$ BY ,MAX ,NETTLAU AS AN 09TRANSIG5T AN>*I/ COMMUNI/0 W5T ON AN 9T5SE PROPAG&A DRIVE TO 9TRODUCE !SE NEW SYNDICALI/ ME?ODS TO ,FR5* WORK]S4 ,9DE$ ,PELL\TI] 9 HIS #ahii ,LETTRE ,AUX ,AN>*I/ES 7 ,LETT] ,TO ! ,AN>*I/S7 PRAIS$ ,MALATE/A 0,! WORDS ,I AM GO+ TO SAY HAVE A P]FECT ILLU/RATION 9 PROPAG&I/S LIKE ,MALATE/A1 :O KN[S H[ WELL TO UNITE AN 9DOMITABLE REVOLUTION>Y PASSION ) ! ME?ODICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT04 ,IT %\LD BE RECOGNIZ$ ?AT IT WAS 9 ?IS CONTEXT ?AT ,MALATE/A1 :O1 AS WE HAVE SE5 WAS 9/RUM5TAL 9 ADVANC+ ! IDEA ( ! G5]AL /RIKE AMONG AN>*I/S1 CRITICIZ$ IT AT ! #aif ,AM/]DAM AN>*I/ CONGRESS4 ,HE /AT$ ?AT ! G5]AL /RIKE ON ITS [N C\LD NOT OV]?R[ CAPITALISM1 BUT ?AT :AT WAS NE$$ WAS COMPLEM5T>Y 9SURRECTION>Y ACTION TO DE/ROY ! ,/ATE4 ,9 FACT HE HAD EMPHASIZ$ ?IS 9 HIS FIR/ >TICLE ON ! SUBJECT BACK 9 #a#h#h#i4 ,HE WAS AW>E ?AT SOME SYNDICALI/S W]E SUB/ITUT+ ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE = G5]ALIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y ACTION & 9DE$ ?IS SPURI\S NOTION REA*$ ITS APOGEE ) ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE BE+ SE5 AS A NONVIOL5T ALT]NATIVE TO ! FAIL$ UPRIS+S DUR+ ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION BY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,FREIE ,>BEIT] ,UNION ,DEUTS*L&S 1 :I* 9CLUD$ ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]4 ,ON ! SUBJECT ( ! UNIONS :I* ,NAPPALOS ADDRESSES4 ,MALATE/A WAS AW>E ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 DIFF]5T TYPES ( UNIONS4 ,9 HIS >TICLES ON ! ,NEW ,UNIONISM ( #ahhi HE HEAVILY CRITICIZ$ ! 0OLD0 UNIONS4 ,:5 HE ATTEMPT$ TO 9TRODUCE !SE NEW TACTICS 9 ,ITALY1 HE WAS ACCUS$ BY SOME AN>*I/S ( +LESISMO 7,5GLI%ISM74 ,HE REPLI$3 0,=GET AB\T +LESISMO4 ,IF ?IS T]M MEANS ANY?+ AT ALL1 IT MEANS ECONOMIC RESI/ANCE = ITS [N SAKE1 AS IT WAS PRACTIC$ BY ! 'OLD' TRADE UNIONS1 :I*-?\< !Y WANT$ TO IMPROVE ! WORK]S' CONDITIONS- ACCEPT$ & RESPECT$ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ALL B\RGEOIS 9/ITUTIONS04 ,MALATE/A WAS AN EXTRAORD9>Y PRAGMATIC & FLEXIBLE ACTIVI/ & ?9K]1 ADAPT+ TO SITUATIONS AS !Y UNFOLD$4 ,?US1 AFT] ! F\ND+ ( ! ,U,S,I 9 #a#i#a#b1 ,MALATE/A GAVE SUPPORT SAY+ ?AT IT CORRESPOND$ BE/ TO AN>*I/ IDEAS & TACTICS4 ,HE DID EMPHASIZE ?AT !RE W]E /ILL MANY AN>*I/S 9 ! MA9/REAM UNION C5TRAL1 ! ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,G,L7 & ?AT :AT WAS NE$$ WAS UNITY ( ACTION BETWE5 !SE COMRADES4 ,! ORGANIZATION CREAT$ BY ,MALATE/A & O!R ORGANIZATIONAL AN>*I/S 9 #a#i#b1 ! ,UNIONE ,AN>*ICA ,ITALIANA 7,U,A,I7 WORK$ CLOSELY ) ! ,U,S,I 9 ! P]IOD ( SOCIAL UNRE/ ?AT GAVE BIR? TO ! ,ITALIAN FACTORY C\NCIL MOVEM5T4 ,MALATE/A DID NOT HAVE ! H9DSI*I/S MAY HAVE AB\T ! ROLE ( ! UNIONS1 AS ,NAPPALOS SEEMS TO ?9K HE %\LD HAVE1 BUT HE WAS AW>E FROM ! />T ( ! G5]AL DRIFT ( TRADE UNIONS T[>DS PURE ECONOMISM1 RE=MISM & BUREAUCRATIZATION4 ,F9ALLY1 ON ! QUE/ION ( WILL V]SUS HI/ORY4 ,9 FACT ,MALATE/A WAS HI*ISM AS A SCI5CE1 9FLU5C$ AS HE WAS BY POSITIVI/ IDEAS4 0,SCI5CE1 LIKE ANY O!R SY/EM ( IDEAS1 MU/ NOT BE BL9DLY ACCEPT$ AS 9FALLIBLE2 IT IS A /UDY ?AT ONLY CONC]NS ITSELF ) :AT IS1 & NOT ) :AT \*Y IS A PRODUCT ( ! WILL1 NOT ( NECESSITY4 ,& AS SU*1 SCI5CE CANNOT EMBRACE IT1 BECAUSE SCI5CE 0/OPS :]E 9EVITABILITY 5DS & FRE$OM BEG9S0 7 ,JULIUS ,GAVRO*E1 ,AUTONOMY ,NO#a74 ,ON ! O!R H& HE WAS EQUALLY CRITICAL ( ,BAKUN9'S BELIEF ?AT ! MASSES HAD A NATURAL T5D5CY T[>DS AN>*ISM4 ,AS HE WROTE3 ,! GREAT MAJORITY ( AN>*I/S1 IF ,I AM NOT MI/AK51 HOLD ! VIEW ?AT HUMAN P]FECTIBILITY & AN>*Y W\LD NOT BE A*IEV$ EV5 9 A FEW ?\S& YE>S1 IF FIR/ ONE DID NOT CREATE BY ! REVOLUTION1 MADE BY A CONSCI\S M9ORITY1 ! NECESS>Y 5VIRONM5T = FRE$OM & WELL BE+4 ,WE DO NOT WANT TO 0WAIT = ! MASSES TO BECOME AN>*I/ BE=E MAK+ ! REVOLUTION10 ! MORE SO S9CE WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT !Y WILL NEV] BECOME AN>*I/ IF ! 9/ITUTIONS :I* KEEP !M 5SLAV$ >E NOT FIR/ VIOL5TLY DE/ROY$4 ,& S9CE WE NE$ ! SUPPORT ( ! MASSES TO BUILD UP A =CE ( SUFFICI5T /R5G? & TO A*IEVE \R SPECIFIC TASK ( RADICAL *ANGE ( ! SOCIAL ORGANISM BY ! DIRECT ACTION ( ! MASSES1 WE MU/ GET CLOS] TO !M1 ACCEPT !M AS !Y >E1 & FROM )9 !IR RANKS SEEK TO 0PU%0 !M =W>D AS MU* AS POSSIBLE40 ,AS ,TURCATO REM>KS ON ! CONCEPTS ( ,MALATE/A AS REG>DS WILL & MAT]IAL CONDITIONS3 0,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ,MALATE/A COMMITT$ REVOLUTION & AN>*Y TO CONSCI\S *OICES1 HE CORRESPOND+LY REFRA9$ FROM COM=T+ ANALYZES ?AT COMMITT$ SOCIAL PROGRESS TO ALLEG$LY EMPIRICAL TR5DS1 BE !Y KROPOTK9IAN EVOLUTION>Y LAWS OR M>XI/ HI/ORICAL NECESSITIES4,MALATE/A HELD A REALI/IC \TLOOK ON CLASS CONSCI\SNESS =MATION4 ,HE REALIZ$ ?AT PROPAG&A HAD LIMIT$ P[] ON MASSES CON/RA9$ BY H>% MAT]IAL CONDITIONS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 HE DID NOT EXPECT CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T TO CREATE ! PROLET>IAT AS A REVOLUTION>Y =CE1 NOR M]E ECONOMIC 9T]E/S TO UNITE ! WORK+ CLASS 9TO A COMPACT >MY40 ,WE DO NOT B[ D[N TO ,MALATE/A AS SOME SORT ( T9 IDOL4 ,HE HAD HIS FAULTS1 :I* %\LD BE RECOGNIZ$4 ,BUT A FALSE REPRES5TATION ( HIS IDEAS DOES NO FAVORS TO ?OSE AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S :O WI% TO >GUE AGA9/ ,MALATE/A'S IDEAS ON SPECIFIC AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS & SYNDICALISM4 ,9 ! NEXT ISSUE ( ,ORGANIZE6 WE WILL TAKE A MORE 9-DEP? LOOK AT ,MALATE/A'S CONCEPTS ( ! RELATION%IP ( CONSCI\S AN>*I/ GR\PS TO MASS ORGANIZATION ,FUR!R READ+ ,MALATE/A3 ,LIFE & ,IDEAS4 7$7 ,V]NON ,RI*>DS ,MAK+ ,S5SE ( ,AN>*ISM3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A'S ,EXP]IM5TS ,) ,REVOLUTION4 ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO4 ,AN>*ISM & ,AU?ORITY3 ,A ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,9TRODUCTION TO ,CLASSICAL ,AN>*ISM4 ,PAUL ,MC,LAU*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b#b1 #bba 3 ,9 ,DEF5CE ( ,MALATE/A -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,9 ,DEF5CE ( ,MALATE/A -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/