,IDEAS ON ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION #ahgf ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME ,TAGS 3 BANK ( EX*ANGE1 TOOLS ( PRODUCTION1 H\RS ( LABOR1 PACT ( SOLID>ITY1 BANKS ( EX*ANGE1 F$]ATION ( COMMUNES1 DIVISION ( LABOR1 F$]ATION ( GR\PS1 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 $UCATION ( *ILDR54 ,TEXT 3 ,WRITT53 ,AUGU/ #a#h#g#d2 ,S\RCE3 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 TRANSLAT$ & $IT$ BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F1 #a#i#g#a4 ,PHOTO BY ,SYN1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,BAKUN9 WAS ABOVE ALL PREOCCUPI$ ) ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( REVOLUTION & WROTE V]Y LITTLE AB\T H[ ! EV]YDAY PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION W\LD BE H&L$ IMM$IATELY FOLL[+ A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !SE PROBLEMS W]E 9T5SIVELY DISCUSS$ 9 ,BAKUN9'S CIRCLE & AMONG ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 0,IDEAS ON ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION01 ,GUILLAUME DISCUSSES ! TRANSITION FROM CAPITALISM TO AN>*ISM - A SYN!SIS ( 0,BAKUN9I/0 IDEAS ON H[ ?IS TRANSITION C\LD BE EFFECT$ )\T ! RE/ORATION ( AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTIONS40 ,ITS VALUE LIES NOT 9 ! SPECIFIC RECOMM5DATIONS 7MO/ ( !M \TDAT$1 SOME RA!R NAIVE1 AL?\< A NUMB] ( !M >E REM>KABLY SIMIL> TO MEASURES ADOPT$ BY AN>*I/ COLLECTIVES 9 ,SPA9 DUR+ ! LATE ?IRTIES7 BUT 9 ITS =MULATION ( ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM4 ,GUILLAUME'S ESSAY WAS WRITT5 9 #ahgd & PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#g#f1 ! YE> ( ,BAKUN9'S DEA?4 ,I ,! IDEAS \TL9$ 9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES CAN BE EFFECTIVELY A*IEV$ ONLY BY MEANS ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,IT TAKES MORE ?AN A DAY = ! GREAT FLOOD TO BREAK ! DYKE2 ! FLOODWAT]S M\NT SL[LY1 IMP]CEPTIBLY4 ,BUT ONCE ! CRE/ ( ! FLOOD IS REA*$1 ! COLLAPSE IS SUDD51 ! DYKE IS WA%$ AWAY 9 ! W9K+ ( AN EYE4 ,WE CAN DI/+UI%1 !N1 TWO SUCCESSIVE ACTS1 ! SECOND BE+ ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( ! FIR/4 ,AT FIR/ !RE IS ! SL[ TRANS=MATION ( IDEAS1 ( NE$S1 ( ! MOTIVES = ACTION G]M9AT+ 9 ! WOMB ( SOCIETY2 ! SECOND BEG9S :5 ?IS TRANS=MATION IS SUFFICI5TLY ADVANC$ TO PASS 9TO ACTION4 ,!N !RE IS A BRUSQUE & DECISIVE TURN+ PO9T - ! REVOLUTION - :I* IS ! CULM9ATION ( A LONG PROCESS ( EVOLUTION1 ! SUDD5 MANIFE/ATION ( A *ANGE LONG PREP>$ = & !RE=E4 9EVITABLE4 ,NO S]I\S-M9D$ MAN W\LD V5TURE TO PR$ICT EXACTLY H[ ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION = SOCIAL R5OVATION1 WILL COME AB\T4 ,REVOLUTION IS A NATURAL FACT1 & NOT ! ACT ( A FEW P]SONS2 IT DOES NOT TAKE PLACE ACCORD+ TO A PRECONCEIV$ PLAN BUT IS PRODUC$ BY UNCONTROLLABLE CIRCUM/ANCES :I* NO 9DIVIDUAL CAN COMM&4 ,WE DO NOT1 !RE=E1 9T5D TO DRAW UP A BLUEPR9T = ! FUTURE REVOLUTION>Y CAMPAIGN2 WE LEAVE ?IS *ILDI% TASK TO ?OSE :O2 BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY & ! EFFICACY ( A*IEV+ ! EMANCIPATION ( HUMANITY ?R\< P]SONAL DICTATOR%IP4 ,WE WILL CONF9E \RSELVES1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 TO DESCRIB+ ! K9D ( REVOLUTION MO/ ATTRACTIVE TO US & ! WAYS IT CAN BE FRE$ FROM PA/ ]RORS4 ,! *>ACT] ( ! REVOLUTION MU/ AT FIR/ BE NEGATIVE1 DE/RUCTIVE4 ,9/EAD ( MODIFY+ C]TA9 9/ITUTIONS ( ! PA/1 OR ADAPT+ !M TO A NEW ORD]1 IT WILL DO AWAY ) !M ALTOGE!R4 ,!RE=E1 ! GOV]NM5T WILL BE UPROOT$1 ALONG ) ! ,*UR*1 ! >MY1 ! C\RTS1 ! S*OOLS1 ! BANKS1 & ALL !IR SUBS]VI5T 9/ITUTIONS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! ,REVOLUTION HAS A POSITIVE GOAL1 ?AT ! WORK]S TAKE POSSESSION ( ALL CAPITAL & ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION4 ,LET US EXPLA9 :AT IS MEANT BY ! PHRASE 0TAK+ POSSESSION40 ,LET US BEG9 ) ! PEASANTS & PROBLEMS CONC]N+ ! L&4 ,9 MANY C\NTRIES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,FRANCE1 ! PRIE/S & ! B\RGEOISIE TRY TO FRIY1 IT W\LD GU>ANTEE FREE POSSESSION & LIQUIDATE ALL DEBTS >IS+ FROM ! L&4 ,?IS L& :I* ONCE 5RI*$ ! TREASURY & WAS OV]BURD5$ ) TAXES & WEI<$ D[N BY MORTGAGES W\LD1 LIKE ! PEASANT1 BE EMAN@9 CIPAT$4 ,NO MORE TAXES1 NO MORE MORTGAGES2 ! L& BECOMES FREE1 JU/ LIKE ! MAN6 ,AS TO ! L& [N$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 ! CL]GY1 & ! NOBLES - L& HI!RTO CULTIVAT$ BY L&LESS LABOR]S = ! B5EFIT ( !IR MA/]S - ! ,REVOLUTION WILL RETURN ?IS /OL5 L& TO ! RIMES1 & ! PROSECUTORS 5=C$ !M4 ,! REAL PEOPLE'S REVOLUTION WILL NOT FOLL[ ?IS MODEL2 IT WILL NOT RULE BY DECREES1 IT WILL NOT DEP5D ON ! S]VICES ( ! POLICE OR ! MA*9]Y ( GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS NOT ) DECREES1 ) WORDS WRITT5 ON PAP]1 ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WILL EMANCIPATE ! PEOPLE BUT ) DE$S4 ,I,I ,WE WILL N[ CONSID] H[ ! PEASANTS WILL GO AB\T D]IV+ ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE B5EFIT FROM !IR MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! L&4 ,IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION ! PEASANTS WILL BE FAC$ ) A MIX$ SITUATION4 ,?OSE :O >E ALREADY SMALL PROPRIETORS WILL KEEP !IR PLOTS ( L& & CONT9UE TO CULTIVATE IT ) ! HELP ( !IR FAMILIES4 ,! O!RS1 & !Y >E BY F> ! MO/ NUM]\S1 :O R5T$ ! L& FROM ! BIG L&[N]S OR W]E SIMPLY AGRICULTURAL WAGE LABOR]S EMPLOY$ BY ! [N]S1 WILL TAKE COLLECTIVE POSSESSION ( ! VA/ TRACTS ( L& & WORK !M 9 COMMON4 ,:I* ( !SE TWO SY/EMS IS BE/8 ,IT IS NOT A MATT] ( :AT IS !ORETICALLY DESIRABLE BUT ( />T+ ) ! FACTS & SEE+ :AT CAN BE IMM$IATELY A*IEV$4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 WE SAY FIR/ ?AT 9 ?IS MIX$ ECONOMY ! MA9 PURPOSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 A*IEV$3 ! L& IS N[ ! PROP]TY ( ?OSE :O CULTIVATE IT1 & ! PEASANTS NO LONG] WORK = ! PR(IT ( AN IDLE EXPLOIT] :O LIVES BY !IR SWEAT4 ,?IS GREAT VICTORY GA9$1 ! RE/ IS ( SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE4 ,! PEASANTS CAN1 IF !Y WI%1 DIVIDE ! L& 9TO 9DIVIDUAL P>CELS & GIVE EA* FAMILY A %>E4 ,OR ELSE1 & ?IS W\LD BE MU* BETT]1 !Y CAN 9/ITUTE COMMON [N]%IP & COOP]ATIVE CULTIVATION ( ! L&4 ,AL?\< SECOND>Y TO ! MA9 PO9T1 I4E41 ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PEASANT1 ?IS QUE/ION ( H[ BE/ TO WORK ! L& & :AT =M ( POSSESSION IS BE/ ALSO W>RANTS C>EFUL CONSID]ATION4 ,9 A REGION :I* HAD BE5 POPULAT$ BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION BY PEASANTS [N+ SMALL F>MS1 :]E ! NATURE ( ! SOIL IS NOT V]Y SUITABLE = EXT5SIVE1 L>GE-SCALE CULTIVATION1 :]E AGRICULTURE HAS BE5 CONDUCT$ 9 ! SAME WAY = AGES1 :]E MA*9]Y IS UNKN[N OR R>ELY US$ - 9 SU* A REGION ! PEASANTS WILL NATURALLY CONS]VE ! =M ( [N]%IP TO :I* !Y >E ACCU/OM$4 ,EA* PEASANT WILL CONT9UE TO CULTIVATE ! L& AS HE DID 9 ! PA/1 ) ?IS S+LE DIFF]5CE3 HIS =M] HIR$ H&S1 IF HE HAD ANY1 WILL BECOME HIS P>TN]S & %>E ) HIM ! PRODUCTS :I* !IR COMMON LABOR EXTRACTS FROM ! L&4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT 9 A %ORT TIME ?OSE PEASANTS :O REMA9 SMALL PROPRIETORS WILL F9D IT ADVANTAGE\S TO MODIFY !IR TRADITIONAL SY/EM ( LABOR & PRODUCTION4 ,IF SO1 !Y WILL FIR/ ASSOCIATE TO CREATE A COMMUNAL AG5CY TO SELL OR EX*ANGE !IR PRODUCTS2 ?IS FIR/ ASSOCIAT$ V5TURE WILL 5C\RAGE !M TO TRY O!RS ( A SIMIL> NATURE4 ,!Y W\LD !N1 9 COMMON1 ACQUIRE V>I\S MA*9ES TO FACILITATE !IR WORK2 !Y W\LD TAKE TURNS TO HELP EA* O!R P]=M C]TA9 LABORI\S TASKS :I* >E BETT] ACCOMPLI%$ :5 !Y >E DONE RAPIDLY BY A L>GE TEAM2 & !Y W\LD NO D\BT F9ALLY IMITATE !IR BRO!RS1 ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 & ?OSE WORK+ ON BIG F>MS1 & DECIDE TO POOL !IR L& & =M AN AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION4 ,BUT EV5 IF !Y L+] = SONIC YE>S ILL ! SAME OLD R\T9E1 EV5 IF A :OLE G5]ATION %\LD ELAPSE BE=E ! PEASANTS ILL SOME COMMUNES ADOPT ! SY/EM ( COLLECTIVE PROP]TY1 IT W\LD /ILL NOT CON/ITUTE A S]I\S H9DRANCE TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! GREAT A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,REVOLUTION WILL NOT BE AFFECT$2 ! ,REVOLUTION WILL HAVE ABOLI%$ AGRICULTURAL WAGE SLAV]Y & PEONAGE & ! AGRICULTURAL PROLET>IAT WILL CONSI/ ONLY ( FREE WORK]S LIV+ ILL PEACE & PL5TY1 EV5 9 ! MID/ ( ! FEW REMA9+ BACKW>D >EAS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 L>GE-SCALE AGRICULTURAL OP]ATIONS1 :]E A GREAT NUMB] ( WORK]S >E NE$$ TO F>M VA/ >EAS1 :]E COORD9ATION & COOP]ATION >E ABSOLUTELY ESS5TIAL1 COLLECTIVE LABOR WILL NATURALLY LEAD TO COLLECTIVE PROP]TY4 ,AN AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVE MAY EMBRACE AN 5TIRE COMMUNE . &1 IF ECONOMICALLY NECESS>Y = EFFICI5CY & GREAT] PRODUCTION1 MANY COMMUNES4 ,9 !SE VA/ COMMUNITIES ( AGRICULTURAL WORK]S1 ! L& WILL NOT BE WORK$ AS IT IS TODAY1 BY SMALL PEASANT [N]S TRY+ )\T SUCCESS TO RAISE MANY DIFF]5T CROPS ON T9Y P>CELS ( UNSUITABLE L&4 ,!RE WILL NOT BE GR[+ SIDE BY SIDE OIL ONE ACRE A LITTLE SQU>E ( :EAT1 A LITTLE SQU>E ( POTATOES1 ANO!R ( GRAPES1 ANO!R ( FODD]1 ANO!R ( FRUIT1 ETC4 ,EA* BIT ( L& T5DS1 BY VIRTUE ( ITS PHYSICAL PROP]TIES1 ITS LOCATION1 ITS *EMICAL COMPOSITION1 TO BE MO/ SUITABLE = ! SUCCESSFUL CULTIVATION ( C]TA9 SPECIFIC CROPS4 ,:EAT WILL NOT BE PLANT$ ON SOIL SUITABLE = GRAPES1 NOR POTATOES ON SOIL ?AT C\LD BE/ BE US$ = PA/URE4 ,! AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY1 IF IT HAS ONLY ONE TYPE ( SOIL1 WILL CONF9E ITSELF TO ! CULTIVATION ( CROPS :I* CAN BE PRODUC$ ILL QUANTITY & QUALITY ) LESS LABOR1 & ! COMMUNITY WILL PREF] TO EX*ANGE ITS PRODUCTS = ?OSE IT LACKS 9/EAD ( TRY+ TO GR[ !M 9 SMALL QUANTITY & POOR QUALITY ON UNSUITABLE L&4 ,! 9T]NAL ORGANIZATION ( !SE AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES NE$ NOT NECESS>ILY HE ID5TICAL2 ORGANIZATIONAL =MS & PROC$URES WILL V>Y GREATLY ACCORD+ TO ! PREF]5CES ( ! ASSOCIAT$ WORK]S4 ,SO LONG AS !Y CON=M TO ! PR9CIPLES ( JU/ICE & EQUALITY1 ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! COMMUNITY1 ELECT$ BY ALL ! MEMB]S1 C\LD BE 5TRU/$ EI!R TO AN 9DIVIDUAL OR TO A COMMISSION ( MANY MEMB]S4 ,IT WILL EV5 BE POSSIBLE TO SEP>ATE ! DIFF]5T ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTIONS1 ASSIGN+ EA* FUNCTION TO A SPECIAL COMMISSION4 ,! H\RS ( LABOR WILL BE FIX$ NOT BY A G5]AL LAW APPLICABLE TO AN 5TIRE C\NTRY1 BUT BY ! DECISION ( ! COMMUNITY ITSELF2 BUT AS ! COMMUNITY CONTRACTS RELATIONS ) ALL ! O!R AGRICULTURAL WORK]S ( ! REGION1 AN AGREEM5T COV]+ UNI=M WORK+ H\RS WILL PROBABLY BE REA*$4 ,:ATEV] ITEMS >E PRODUC$ BY COLLECTIVE LABOR WILL BELONG TO ! COMMUNITY1 & EA* MEMB] WILL RECEIVE REMUN]ATION = HIS LABOR EI!R 9 ! =M ( COMMODITIES 7SUBSI/5CE1 SUPPLIES1 CLO?+1 ETC47 OR 9 CURR5CY4 ,9 SOME COMMUNITIES REMUN]ATION WILL BE 9 PROPORTION TO H\RS WORK$2 9 O!RS PAYM5T WILL BE MEASUR$ BY BO? ! H\RS ( WORK & ! K9D ( WORK P]=M$2 /ILL O!R SY/EMS WILL BE EXP]IM5T$ ) TO SEE H[ !Y WORK \T4 ,! PROBLEM ( PROP]TY HAV+ BE5 RESOLV$1 & !RE BE+ NO CAPITALI/S PLAC+ A TAX ON ! LABOR ( ! MASSES1 ! QUE/ION ( TYPES ( DI/RIBUTION & REMUN]ATION BECOME SECOND>Y4 ,WE %\LD TO ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE EXT5T 9/ITUTE & BE GUID$ BY ! PR9CIPLE ,FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$4 ,:51 ?ANKS TO ! PROGRESS ( SCI5TIFIC 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE1 PRODUCTION COMES TO \T/RIP CONSUMPTION1 & ?IS WILL BE ATTA9$ SOME YE>S AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION1 IT WILL NO LONG] BE NECESS>Y TO /+ILY DOLE \T EA* WORK]'S %>E ( GOODS4 ,EV]YONE WILL DRAW :AT HE NE$S FROM ! ABUNDANT SOCIAL RES]VE ( COMMODITIES1 )\T FE> ( DEPLETION2 & ! MORAL S5TIM5T :I* WILL BE MORE HIE1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ?OSE CRAFTS 9 :I* ! TOOLS >E SIMPLE1 :]E ! DIVISION ( LABOR IS ALMO/ NONEXI/5T1 & :]E ! ISOLAT$ WORK] C\LD PRODUCE AS MU* ALONE AS HE W\LD BY ASSOCIAT$ LABOR4 ,!SE 9CLUDE1 = EXAMPLE1 TAILORS1 %OEMAK]S1 B>B]S1 UPHOL/]]S1 & PHOTOGRAPH]S4 ,IT MU/1 H[EV]1 BE REM>K$ ?AT EV5 9 !SE TRADES1 L>GE-SCALE MASS PRODUCTION CAN BE APPLI$ TO SAVE TIME & LABOR4 ,:AT WE SAY1 !RE=E1 APPLIES PRIM>ILY TO ! TRANSITIONAL P]IOD4 ,NEXT 9 ORD] >E ! TRADES REQUIR+ ! COLLECTIVE LABOR ( NUM]\S WORK]S US+ SMALL H&-OP]AT$ MA*9]Y & G5]ALLY EMPLOY$ 9 WORK%OPS & F\NDRIES1 PR9T+ PLANTS1 WOODWORK+ PLANTS1 BRICKWORKS1 ETC4 ,F9ALLY1 !RE IS ! ?IRD CATEGORY ( 9DU/RIES :]E ! DIVISION ( LABOR IS MU* GREAT]1 :]E PRODUCTION IS ON A MASSIVE SCALE NECESSITAT+ COMPLICAT$ & EXP5SIVE MA*9]Y & ! 9VE/M5T ( CONSID]ABLE CAPITAL2 = EXAMPLE1 TEXTILE MILLS1 /EEL MILLS1 METALLURGICAL PLANTS1 ETC4 ,= WORK]S OP]AT+ )9 ! FIR/ CATEGORY ( 9DU/RY1 COLLECTIVE WORK IS NOT A NECESSITY2 & 9 MANY CASES ! TAILOR OR ! COBBL] MAY PREF] TO WORK ALONE 9 HIS [N SMALL %OP4 ,IT IS QUITE NATURAL ?AT 9 EV]Y COMMUNE !RE WILL BE ONE OR P]HAPS SEV]AL WORK]S EMPLOY$ 9 EA* ( !SE TRADES4 ,)\T1 H[EV]1 WI%+ TO UND]E/IMATE 9 ANY WAY ! IMPORTANCE ( 9DIVIDUAL 9DEP5D5CE1 WE ?9K ?AT :]EV] PRACTICAL1 COLLECTIVE LABOR IS BE/2 9 A SOCIETY ( EQUALS1 EMULATION /IMULATES ! WORK] TO PRODUCE MORE & HEIN FROM ! EXP]I5CE & SKILL ( ! O!RS & ?IS R$\NDS TO ! B5EFIT ( ! UNIT AS A :OLE4 ,AS TO ! WORK]S 9 ! REMA9+ TWO CATEGORIES1 IT IS EVID5T ?AT COLLECTIVE LABOR IS IMPOS$ BY ! V]Y NATURE ( ! WORK &1 S9CE ! TOOLS ( LABOR >E NO LONG] SIMPLE 9DIVIDUAL TOOLS BUT MA*9ES ?AT MU/ BE T5D$ BY MANY WORK]S1 ! MA*9ES MU/ ALSO BE COLLECTIVELY [N$4 ,EA* WORK%OP1 EA* FACTORY1 WILL ORGANIZE ITSELF 9TO AN ASSOCIATION ( WORK]S :O WILL BE FREE TO ADM9I/] PRODUCTION & ORGANIZE !IR WORK AS !Y ?9K BE/1 PROVID$ ?AT ! RIE SAFEGU>D$ & ! PR9CIPLES ( EQUALITY & JU/ICE >E OBS]V$4 ,9 ! PREC$+ *APT]1 :ILE DISCUSS+ ! ASSOCIATIONS OR COMMUNITIES ( AGRICULTURAL WORK]S1 WE DEALT ) MANAGEM5T1 H\RS ( LABOR1 REMUN]ATION1 & DI/RIBUTION ( PRODUCTS4 ,! SAME OBS]VATIONS APPLY ALSO TO 9DU/RIAL LABOR1 & IT IS !RE=E UNNECESS>Y TO REPEAT !M H]E4 ,WE HAVE JU/ SAID ?AT P>TICUL>LY :]E AN 9DU/RY REQUIRES COMPLICAT$ MA*9]Y & COLLECTIVE LABOR1 ! [N]%IP ( ! MA*9]Y ( PRODUCTION %\LD ALSO BE COLLECTIVE4 ,BUT ONE PO9T REMA9S TO BE CL>IFI$4 ,WILL !SE TOOLS BELONG TO ALL ! WORK]S 9 EA* FACTORY1 OR WILL !Y BELONG TO ! CORPORATION COMPRIS+ ALL ! WORK]S 9 EA* P>TICUL> 9DU/RY8 .<,CORPORATION H]E IS EQUIVAL5T TO 9DU/RIAL UNION4.> ,\R OP9ION IS ?AT ! SECOND ( !SE ALT]NATIVES IS PREF]ABLE4 ,:51 = EXAMPLE1 ON ! DAY ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! TYPOGRAPHICAL WORK]S ( ,ROME TAKE POSSESSION ( ALL ! PR9T %OPS ( ,ROME1 !Y WILL CALL A G5]AL MEET+ & PROCLAIM ?AT ALL ! PR9T+ PLANTS 9 ,ROME >E ! PROP]TY ( ! ,ROMAN PR9T]S4 ,S9CE IT WILL BE 5TIRELY POSSIBLE & NECESS>Y1 !Y WILL GO A /EP FUR!R & UNITE 9 A PACT ( SOLID>ITY ) ALL ! PR9T+ WORK]S 9 EV]Y CITY ( ,ITALY4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS PACT WILL BE ! ORGANIZATION ( ALL ! PR9T+ PLANTS ( ,ITALY AS ! COLLECTIVE PROP]TY ( ! TYPOGRAPHICAL F$]ATION ( ,ITALY4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ,ITALIAN PR9T]S WILL BE ABLE TO WORK 9 ANY CITY 9 !IR C\NTRY & HAVE FULL RII\S FACTORIES HAVE NOT ! SLID-WON CONTROL ( ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION TO A SUP]IOR P[] CALL+ ITSELF ! 0CORPORATION40 ,:AT !Y WILL DO IS1 UND] C]TA9 SPECIFI$ CONDITIONS1 TO GU>ANTEE RECIPROCAL USE ( !IR TOOLS ( PRODUCTION & ACCORD TO !IR FELL[ WORK]S 9 O!R FACTORIES ! RIE !IR FACILITIES1 RECEIV+ 9 EX*ANGE ! SAME RIE ! FACILITIES ( ! FELL[ WORK]S ) :OM !Y HAVE CONTRACT$ ! PACT ( SOLID>ITY4 ,I,V ,! COMMUNE CONSI/S ( ALL ! WORK]S LIV+ 9 ! SAME LOCALITY4 ,DISREG>D+ V]Y FEW EXCEPTIONS1 ! TYPICAL COMMUNE CAN BE DEF9$ AS ! LOCAL F$]ATION ( GR\PS ( PRODUC]S4 ,?IS LOCAL F$]ATION OR COMMUNE IS ORGANIZ$ TO PROVIDE C]TA9 S]VICES :I* >E NOT )9 ! EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OR CAPACITY ( ANY P>TICUL> CORPORATION .<9DU/RIAL UNION.> BUT :I* CONC]NS ALL ( !M1 & :I* = ?IS REASON >E CALL$ PUBLIC S]VICES4 ,! COMMUNAL PUBLIC S]VICES CAN BE 5UM]AT$ AS FOLL[S3 ,A4 ,PUBLIC WORKS 7H\S+ & CON/RUCTION7 ,ALL H\SES >E ! PROP]TY ( ! COMMUNE4 ,! ,REVOLUTION MADE1 EV]YONE CONT9UES = ! TIME BE+ TO LIVE 9 ! SAME QU>T]S OCCUPI$ BY HIM BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION1 EXCEPT = FAMILIES :I* HAD BE5 =C$ TO LIVE 9 V]Y DILAPIDAT$ OR OV]CR[D$ DWELL+S4 ,SU* FAMILIES WILL BE IMM$IATELY RELOCAT$ AT ! EXP5SE ( ! COMMUNE 9 VACANT AP>TM5TS =M]LY OCCUPI$ OR [N$ BY ! RI*4 ,! CON/RUCTION ( NEW H\SES CONTA9+ HEAL?Y1 SPACI\S ROOMS REPLAC+ ! MIS]ABLE SLUMS ( ! OLD P5T]S1 IRONWORK]S1 TIL]S1 RO(]S1 ETC41 BUT WILL ALSO PROVIDE USEFUL WORK = ! MASS ( PEOPLE :O1 HAV+ NO TRADE1 LIV$ 9 IDL5ESS BE=E ! REVOLUTION4 ,!Y W\LD BE EMPLOY$ AS LABOR]S 9 ! IMM5SE CON/RUCTION & ROAD-BUILD+ AN D PAV+ PROJECTS :I* WILL !N BE 9ITIAT$ EV]Y:]E1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! CITIES4 ,! NEW H\S+ WILL BE CON/RUCT$ AT ! EXP5SE ( ! COMMUNE1 :I* MEANS ?AT 9 EX*ANGE = ! WORK DONE BY ! V>I\S BUILD+ CORPORATIONS !SE CORPORATIONS WILL RECEIVE FROM ! COMMUNE V\*]S 5ABL+ !M TO ACQUIRE ALL COMMODITIES NECESS>Y = ! DEC5T MA9T5ANCE & WELL-BE+ ( !IR MEMB]S4 ,& S9CE ! NEW H\S+ HAS BE5 CON/RUCT$ AT PUBLIC EXP5SE1 ?IS SY/EM WILL 5ABLE & REQUIRE FREE H\S+ TO BE AVAILABLE = ALL4 ,FREE H\S+ MI S]I\S FRICTION1 & = ! FOLL[+ REASONS3 ,FIR/ WE MU/ CONC$E ?AT ! DESIRE = NEW & BETT] H\S+ IS A LEGITIMATE & JU/ DEM&2 & ?IS JU/ DEM& WILL /IMULATE ! BUILD+ WORK]S TO MAKE EV5 GREAT] EF=TS TO SPE$ CON/RUCTION ( GOOD H\S+4 ,BUT :ILE AWAIT+ NEW CON/RUCTION PEOPLE WILL HAVE TO BE PATI5T & DO ! BE/ !Y CAN ) ! EXI/+ FACILITIES4 ,! COMMUNE WILL1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 ATT5D TO ! MO/ PRESS+ NE$S ( ! POORE/ FAMILIES1 RELOCAT+ !M 9 ! VA/ PALACES ( ! RI*2 & AS TO ! RE/ ( ! PEOPLE1 WE BELIEVE ?AT REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM WILL /IMULATE & 9SPIRE !M ) ! SPIRIT ( G5]OSITY & SELF-SACRIFICE1 & ?AT !Y WILL BE GLAD TO 5DURE = A LITTLE LONG] ! DISCOM=TS ( POOR H\S+2 NOR WILL !Y BE 9CL9$ TO QU>REL ) A NEITM5T A LITTLE SOON]4 ,9 A REASONABLY %ORT TIME1 ?ANKS TO ! PRODIGI\S EF=TS ( ! BUILD+ WORK]S P[]FULLY /IMULAT$ BY ! DEM& = NEW H\S+1 !RE WILL BE PL5TY ( H\S+ = ALL & EV]YONE WILL BE SURE TO F9D SATISFACTORY ACCOMMODATIONS4 ,ALL ?IS MAY SEEM FANTA/IC TO ?OSE :OSE VISION GOES NO FUR!R ?AN ! HORIZON ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY2 !SE MEASURES >E1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SO SIMPLE & PRACTICAL ?AT IT WILL BE HUMANLY IMPOSSIBLE = ?+S TO GO O!RWISE4 ,WILL ! LEGIONS ( MASONS & O!R BUILD+ WORK]S BE P]MAN5TLY & 9CESSANTLY OCCUPI$ ) ! CON/RUCTION ( NEW H\S+ WOR?Y ( A CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY8 ,WILL IT TAKE MANY YE>S ( 9CESSANT LABOR TO SUPPLY EV]YONE ) GOOD H\S+8 ,NO1 IT WILL TAKE A %ORT TIME4 ,& :5 !Y WILL HAVE F9I%$ ! MA9 WORK1 WILL !Y !N FOLD !IR >MS & DO NO?+8 ,NO1 !Y WILL CONT9UE TO WORK AT A SL[] PACE1 REMODEL+ EXI/+ H\S+2 & LITTLE BY LITTLE ! OLD SOMB] QU>T]S1 ! CROOK$ FIL?Y /REETS1 ! MIS]ABLE H\SES & ALLEYS ?AT N[ 9FE/ \R CITIES WILL DISAPPE> & BE REPLAC$ BY MANSIONS :]E ! WORK]S CAN LIVE LIKE HUMAN BE+S4 ,B4 ,EX*ANGE ,9 ! NEW SOCIETY !RE WILL NO LONG] BE COMMUNES 9 ! S5SE ?AT ?IS WORD IS UND]/OOD TODAY1 AS M]E POLITICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL 5TITIES4 ,EV]Y COMMUNE WILL E/ABLI% A ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE :OSE ME*ANICS WE WILL EXPLA9 AS CLE>LY AS POSSIBLE4 ,! WORK]S' ASSOCIATION1 AS WELL AS ! 9DIVIDUAL PRODUC]S 79 ! REMA9+ PRIVATELY [N$ PORTIONS ( PRODUCTION71 WILL DEPOSIT !IR UNCONSUM$ COMMODITIES 9 ! FACILITIES PROVID$ BY ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE1 ! VALUE ( ! COMMODITIES HAV+ BE5 E/ABLI%$ 9 ADVANCE BY A CONTRACTUAL AGREEM5T BETWE5 ! REGIONAL COOP]ATIVE F$]ATIONS & ! V>I\S COMMUNES1 :O WILL ALSO FURNI% /ATI/ICS TO ! ,BANKS ( ,EX*ANGE4 ,! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE WILL REMIT TO ! PRODUC]S NEGOTIABLE V\*]S REPRES5T+ ! VALUE ( !IR PRODUCTS2 !SE V\*]S WILL BE ACCEPT$ ?R\<\T ! T]RITORY 9CLUD$ 9 ! F$]ATION ( COMMUNES4 ,GOODS ( PRIME NECESSITY1 I4E41 ?OSE ESS5TIAL TO LIFE & HEAL?1 WILL BE TRANSPORT$ TO ! V>I\S COMMUNAL M>KETS :I*1 P5D+ NEW CON/RUCTION1 WILL USE ! OLD /ORES & W>EH\SES ( ! =M] M]*ANTS4 ,SOME ( ! M>KETS WILL DI/RIBUTE FOOD/UFFS1 O!RS CLO!S1 O!RS H\SEHOLD GOODS1 ETC4 ,GOODS DE/9$ = EXPORT WILL REMA9 9 ! G5]AL W>EH\SES UNTIL CALL$ = BY ! COMMUNES4 ,AMONG ! COMMODITIES DEPOSIT$ 9 ! FACILITIES ( ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE WILL BE GOODS = CONSUMPTION BY ! COMMUNE ITSELF1 SU* AS FOOD1 LUMB]1 CLO!S1 ETC41 & GOODS TO BE EX*ANG$ = ?OSE PRODUC$ BY O!R COMMUNES4 ,AT ?IS PO9T WE ANTICIPATE AN OBJECTION4 ,WE WILL PROBABLY BE ASK$3 ''! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE 9 EA* COMMUNE WILL REMIT TO ! PRODUC]S1 BY MEANS ( V\*]S1 ! VALUE ( !IR PRODUCTS1 BE=E BE+ SURE ?AT !Y >E 9 DEM&2 & IF !SE PRODUCTS >E NOT 9 DEM&1 & PILE UP UNUS$1 :AT WILL BE ! POSITION ( ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE8 ,WILL IT NOT RISK LOSSES1 OR EV5 RU91 & 9 ?IS K9D ( OP]ATION IS !RE NOT ALWAYS ! RISK ?AT ! V\*]S WILL BE OV]DRAWN80 ,WE REPLY ?AT EA* ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE MAKES SURE 9 ADVANCE ?AT !SE PRODUCTS >E 9 DEM& &1 !RE=E1 RISKS NO?+ BY IMM$IATELY ISSU+ PAYM5T V\*]S TO ! PRODUC]S4 ,!RE WILL BE1 ( C\RSE1 C]TA9 CATEGORIES ( WORK]S 5GAG$ 9 ! CON/RUCTION OR MANUFACTURE ( IMMOVABLE GOODS1 GOODS :I* CANNOT BE TRANSPORT$ TO ! REPOSITORIES ( ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE1 = EXAMPLE1 BUILD+S4 ,9 SU* CASES ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE WILL S]VE AS ! 9T]M$I>Y2 ! WORK]S WILL REGI/] ! PROP]TY ) ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE4 ,! VALUE ( ! PROP]TY WILL BE AGRE$ UPON 9 ADVANCE4 & ! BANK WILL DELIV] ?IS VALUE 9 EX*ANGE V\*]S4 ,! SAME PROC$URE WILL BE FOLL[$ 9 DEAL+ ) ! V>I\S WORK]S EMPLOY$ BY ! ADM9I/RATIVE S]VICES ( ! COMMUNES2 !IR WORK RESULT+ NOT 9 MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCTS BUT 9 S]VICES R5D]$4 ,!SE S]VICES WILL HAVE TO BE PRIC$ 9 ADVANCE1 & ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE WILL PAY !IR VALUE 9 V\*]S4 ,! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE WILL NOT ONLY RECEIVE PRODUCTS BELONG+ TO ! WORK]S ( ! COMMUNE2 IT WILL CORRESPOND ) O!R COMMUNES & >RANGE TO PROCURE GOODS :I* ! COMMUNE IS OBLIG$ TO GET FROM \TSIDE S\RCES1 SU* AS C]TA9 FOOD/UFFS1 FUELS1 MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCTS1 ETC4 ,!SE \TSIDE PRODUCTS WILL BE FEATUR$ SIDE BY SIDE ) LOCAL GOODS4 ,! CONSUM]S WILL PAY = ! COMMODITIES 9 ! V>I\S M>KETS ) V\*]S ( DIFF]5T D5OM9ATIONS1 & ALL GOODS WILL BE UNI=MLY PRIC$4 ,IT IS EVID5T FROM \R DESCRIPTION ?AT ! OP]ATIONS ( ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE DO NOT DIFF] ESS5TIALLY FROM ! USUAL COMM]CIAL PROC$URES4 ,!SE OP]ATIONS >E 9 EFFECT NO?+ BUT BUY+ & SELL+2 ! BANK BUYS FROM ! PRODUC]S & SELLS TO ! CONSUM]S4 ,BUT WE ?9K ?AT AFT] A C]TA9 L5G? ( TIME ! FUNCTIONS ( ! ,BANKS ( ,EX*ANGE WILL BE R$UC$ )\T 9CONV5I5CE & ?AT A NEW SY/EM WILL GRADUALLY REPLACE ! OLD SY/EM3 EX*ANGE 9 ! TRADITIONAL S5SE WILL GIVE WAY TO DI/RIBUTION1 PURE & SIMPLE4 ,:AT DO WE MEAN BY ?IS8 ,AS LONG AS A PRODUCT IS 9 %ORT SUPPLY IT WILL TO A C]TA9 EXT5T HAVE TO BE RATION$4 ,& ! EASIE/ WAY TO DO ?IS W\LD BE TO SELL !SE SC>CE PRODUCTS AT A PRICE SO HI< ?AT ONLY PEOPLE :O REALLY NE$ !M W\LD BE WILL+ TO BUY !M4 ,BUT :5 ! PRODIGI\S GR[? ( PRODUCTION1 :I* WILL NOT FAIL TO TAKE PLACE :5 WORK IS RATIONALLY ORGANIZ$1 PRODUCES AN OV]SUPPLY ( ?IS OR ?AT PRODUCT1 IT WILL NOT BE NECESS>Y TO RATION CONSUMPTION4 ,! PRACTICE ( SELL+1 :I* WAS ADOPT$ AS A SORT ( DET]R5T TO IMMOD]ATE CONSUMPTION1 WILL BE ABOLI%$2 ! COMMUNAL BANKS WILL NO LONG] SELL COMMODITIES1 !Y WILL DI/RIBUTE !M 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! NE$S ( ! CONSUM]S4 ,! REPLACEM5T ( EX*ANGE BY DI/RIBUTION WILL FIR/1 & 9 A COMP>ATIVELY %ORT TIME1 BE APPLI$ TO >TICLES ( PRIME NECESSITY1 = ! WORK]S WILL CONC5TRATE ALL !IR EF=TS TO PRODUCE !SE NECESSITIES 9 ABUNDANCE4 ,O!R COMMODITIES1 =M]LY SC>CE & TODAY CONSID]$ LUXURIES1 WILL 9 A REASONABLE L5G? ( TIME BE PRODUC$ 9 GREAT QUANTITY & WILL NO LONG] BE RATION$4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 R>E & USELESS BAUBLES1 SU* AS PE>LS1 DIAMONDS1 C]TA9 PRECI\S METALS1 ETC41 WILL CEASE TO HAVE ! VALUE ATTRIBUT$ TO !M BY PUBLIC OP9ION & WILL BE US$ = RESE>* BY SCI5TIFIC ASSOCIATIONS1 AS COMPON5TS ( C]TA9 TOOLS1 E4G41 9DU/RIAL DIAMONDS1 OR DISPLAY$ AS CURIOS 9 MUSEUMS ( NATURAL HI/ORY4 ,C4 ,FOOD ,SUPPLY ,! QUE/ION ( FOOD SUPPLY IS A SORT ( PO/SCRIPT TO \R DISCUSSION ( EX*ANGE4 ,:AT WE SAID AB\T ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE APPLIES 9 G5]AL TO ALL PRODUCTS1 9CLUD+ FOOD/UFFS4 ,H[EV]1 WE ?9K IT USEFUL TO ADD 9 A SPECIAL SECTION A MORE DETAIL$ ACC\NT ( ! MEASURES DEAL+ ) DI/RIBUTION ( ! PR9CIPAL FOOD PRODUCTS4 ,AT PRES5T ! BAKE%OPS1 MEAT /ORES1 W9E & LIQUOR %OPS1 IMPORT$ FOOD /ORES1 ETC41 >E ALL SURR5D]$ TO PRIVATE 9DU/RY & TO SPECULATORS & !SE1 BY ALL K9DS ( FRAUD1 5RI* !MSELVES AT ! EXP5SE ( ! CONSUM]S4 ,! NEW SOCIETY MU/ IMM$IATELY TRY TO CORRECT ?IS SITUATION BY PLAC+ UND] COMMUNAL PUBLIC S]VICE ! DI/RIBUTION ( ALL ! MO/ ESS5TIAL FOOD/UFFS4 ,?IS MU/ BE BORNE 9 M9D3 WE DO NOT MEAN TO IMPLY ?AT ! COMMUNE WILL TAKE POSSESSION ( C]TA9 BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,NO4 ,PRODUCTION 9 ! TRUE S5SE ( ! T]M WILL REMA9 9 ! H&S ( ! ASSOCIATIONS ( PRODUC]S4 ,BUT1 = EXAMPLE1 :AT IS 9VOLV$ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( BREAD8 ,NO?+ BEYOND ! GR[+ ( :EAT4 ,! F>M] S[S & REAPS ! GRA9 & TRANSPORTS IT TO ! W>EH\SES ( ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE2 HIS FUNCTION AS PRODUC] 5DS AT ?IS PO9T4 ,GR9D+ GRA9 9TO FL\R OR *ANG+ FL\R 9TO BREAD IS NOT PRODUCTION2 IT IS WORK SIMIL> TO ?AT P]=M$ BY V>I\S EMPLOYES 9 ! COMMUNAL M>KETS1 WORK DESIGN$ TO PUT A FOOD PRODUCT1 BREAD1 AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! CONSUM]4 ,! SAME GOES = MEAT1 ETC4 ,?US VIEW$1 IT IS ONLY LOGICAL ?AT ! PROCESS+ & DI/RIBUTION ( FOOD/UFFS - BAK+1 SLAUEH\SES ( ! COMMUNE WILL BE GR\ND 9TO FL\R 9 ! COMMUNAL FL\R MILL 7:I* WILL BE %>$ ) SEV]AL COMMUNES72 ! FL\R WILL BE TRANS=M$ 9TO BREAD 9 ! COMMUNAL BAK]IES & DELIV]$ TO ! CONSUM]S 9 ! COMMUNAL M>KETS4 ,IT WILL BE ! SAME = MEATS3 ! ANIMALS WILL BE SLAUS & BOTTL$ & DI/RIBUT$ BY SPECIAL EMPLOYES4 ,F9ALLY1 ALL ! O!R P]I%ABLE FOOD COMMODITIES WILL BE KEPT FRE% 9 COMMUNAL W>EH\SES & KEPT 9 GLASS 5CLOSURES 9 ! COMMUNAL M>KETS4 ,ABOVE ALL1 IMM$IATE EF=TS MU/ BE MADE TO 9/ITUTE ! FREE DI/RIBUTION ( C]TA9 ESS5TIAL FOODS1 SU* AS BREAD1 MEAT1 W9E1 DAIRY PRODUCTS1 ETC4 ,:5 ABUNDANT FOOD IS AVAILABLE & FREE = ALL11 CIVILIZATION 9 G5]AL WILL HAVE TAK5 A GIANT /EP =W>D4 ,D4 ,/ATI/ICS ,! MA9 FUNCTION ( ! ,COMMUNAL ,/ATI/ICAL ,COMMISSION WILL BE TO GA!R & CLASSIFY ALL /ATI/ICAL 9=MATION P]TA9+ TO ! COMMUNE4 ,! V>I\S CORPORATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS ( PRODUCTION WILL CON/ANTLY KEEP UP-TO-DATE RECORDS ( MEMB]%IP & *ANGES 9 P]SONNEL SO ?AT IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO KN[ 9/ANTLY ! NUMB] ( EMPLOYES 9 ! V>I\S BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE WILL PROVIDE ! ,/ATI/ICAL ,COMMISSION ) ! MO/ COMPLETE FIGURES & ALL O!R RELEVANT FACTS ON ! PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION ( GOODS4 ,BY MEANS ( /ATI/ICS GA!R$ FROM ALL ! COMMUNES 9 A REGION1 IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO SCI5TIFICALLY BALANCE PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,9 L9E ) !SE /ATI/ICS1 IT WILL ALSO BE POSSIBLE TO ADD MORE HELP 9 9DU/RIES :]E PRODUCTION IS 9SUFFICI5T & R$UCE ! NUMB] ( M5 :]E !RE IS A SURPLUS ( PRODUCTION4 ,/ATI/ICS WILL ALSO MAKE IT EASY TO FIT WORK+ H\RS TO ! PRODUCTIVE NE$S ( SOCIETY4 ,IT W9 BE EQUALLY POSSIBLE TO E/IMATE1 NOT P]FECTLY1 BUT 5\< = PRACTICAL PURPOSES1 ! RELATIVE VALUE ( ! LABOR TIME 9VOLV$ 9 ! V>I\S PRODUCTS1 :I* WILL S]VE AS ! CRIT]IA = ! PRICES ( ! ,BANKS ( ,EX*ANGE4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ALL4 ,! ,/ATI/ICAL ,COMMISSION WILL BE ABLE TO P]=M SOME ( ! FUNCTIONS ?AT >E TODAY EX]CIS$ BY ! CIVIL /ATE1 = EXAMPLE1 RECORD+ BIR?S & DEA?S4 ,WE DO NOT 9CLUDE M>RIAGE BECAUSE 9 A FREE SOCIETY1 ! VOLUNT>Y UNION ( A MAN & A WOMAN WILL NO LONG] BE AN (FICIAL BUT A PURELY P]SONAL MATT]1 NOT SUBJECT TO1 OR REQUIR+1 PUBLIC SANCTION4 ,!RE >E MANY O!R USES = /ATI/ICS3 9 RELATION TO DISEASES1 WEA!R PH5OM5A1 9 %ORT1 ALL FACTS :I* REGUL>LY GA!R$ & CLASSIFI$ CAN S]VE AS A GUIDE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( SCI5CE & LE>N+ 9 G5]AL4 ,E4 ,HYGI5E ,UND] ! G5]AL HEAD+ ,HYGI5E1 WE HAVE ASSEMBL$ ! V>I\S PUBLIC S]VICES :I* >E 9DISP5SABLE TO ! MA9T5ANCE ( PUBLIC HEAL?4 ,FIR/1 ( C\RSE1 >E M$ICAL S]VICES1 :I* WILL BE FREE ( *>GE TO ALL ! 9HABITANTS ( ! COMMUNE4 ,! DOCTORS WILL NOT BE LIKE CAPITALI/S1 TRY+ TO EXTRACT ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE PR(ITS FROM !IR UN=TUNATE PATI5TS4 ,!Y WILL BE EMPLOY$ BY ! COMMUNE & EXPECT$ TO TREAT ALL :O NE$ !IR S]VICES4 ,BUT M$ICAL TREATM5T IS ONLY ! CURATIVE SIDE ( ! SCI5CE ( HEAL? C>E2 IT IS NOT 5\< TO TREAT ! SICK1 IT IS ALSO NECESS>Y TO PREV5T DISEASE4 ,?IS IS ! TRUE FUNCTION ( HYGI5E4444 ,F4 ,SECURITY ,?IS S]VICE EMBRACES ! NECESS>Y MEASURES TO GU>ANTEE TO ALL 9HABITANTS ( ! COMMUNE ! SECURITY ( !IR P]SON & ! PROTECTION ( !IR HOMES1 !IR POSSESSIONS1 ETC41 AGA9/ DEPRIVATION & ACCID5T 7FIRE1 FLOODS1 ETC474 ,!RE WILL PROBABLY BE V]Y LITTLE BRIG&AGE & ROBB]Y 9 A SOCIETY :]E EA* LIVES 9 FULL FRE$OM TO 5JOY ! FRUITS ( HIS LABOR & :]E ALMO/ ALL HIS NE$S WILL BE ABUNDANTLY FULFILL$4 ,MAT]IAL WELL-BE+1 AS WELL AS ! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL PROGRESS :I* >E ! PRODUCTS ( A TRULY HUMANE $UCATION1 AVAILABLE TO ALL1 WILL ALMO/ ELIM9ATE CRIMES DUE TO P]V]SION1 BRUTALITY1 & O!R 9FIRMITIES4 ,IT WILL NEV]!LESS /ILL HE NECESS>Y TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS = ! SECURITY ( P]SONS4 ,?IS S]VICE1 :I* CAN BE CALL$ 7IF ! PHRASE HAS NOT TOO BAD A CONNOTATION7 ! ,COMMUNAL ,POLICE1 WILL NOT BE 5TRU/$1 AS IT IS TODAY1 TO A SPECIAL1 (FICIAL BODY2 ALL ABLE-BODI$ 9HABITANTS WILL BE CALL$ UPON TO TAKE TURNS 9 ! SECURITY MEASURES 9/ITUT$ BY ! COMMUNE4 ,IT WILL D\BTLESS BE ASK$ H[ ?OSE COMMITT+ MURD] & O!R VIOL5T CRIMES WILL BE TREAT$ 9 ! NEW EQUALIZATION SOCIETY4 ,OBVI\SLY SOCIETY CANNOT1 ON ! PRETEXT ( RESPECT = 9DIVIDUAL RIE DELICATE QUE/IONS ON :I* OP9IONS V>Y WIDELY4 ,WE MU/ LE>N FROM EXP]I5CE1 BUT ?IS MU* WE ALREADY KN[3 ?AT ?ANKS TO ! B5EFIC5T EFFECTS ( $UCATION 7SEE BEL[7 CRIMES WILL HE R>E4 ,CRIM9ALS BE+ AN EXCEPTION1 !Y WILL BE TREAT$ LIKE ! SICK & ! D]ANG$2 ! PROBLEM ( CRIME :I* TODAY GIVES SO MANY JOBS TO JUDGES1 JAIL]S1 & POLICE WILL LOSE ITS SOCIAL IMPORTANCE & BECOME SIMPLY A *APT] 9 M$ICAL HI/ORY4 ,G4 ,$UCATION ,! FIR/ PO9T TO BE CONSID]$ IS ! QUE/ION ( *ILD SUPPORT 7FOOD1 CLO!S1 TOYS1 ETC474 ,TODAY P>5TS NOT ONLY SUPPORT !IR *ILDR5 BUT ALSO SUP]VISE !IR $UCATION4 ,?IS IS A CU/OM BAS$ ON A FALSE PR9CIPLE1 A PR9CIPLE ?AT REG>DS ! *ILD AS ! P]SONAL PROP]TY ( ! P>5TS4 ,! *ILD BELONGS TO NO ONE1 HE BELONGS ONLY TO HIMSELF2 & DUR+ ! P]IOD :5 LIE IS UNABLE TO PROTECT HIMSELF & IS !REBY EXPOS$ TO EXPLOITATION1 IT IS SOCIETY ?AT MU/ PROTECT HIM & GU>ANTEE HIS FREE DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT IS ALSO SOCIETY ?AT MU/ SUPPORT HIM & SUP]VISE HIS $UCATION4 ,9 SUPPORT+ HIM & PAY+ = HIS $UCATION1 SOCIETY IS ONLY MAK+ AN ADVANCE 0LOAN0 :I* ! *ILD WILL REPAY :5 HE BECOMES AN ADULT PRODUC]4 ,IT IS SOCIETY & NOT ! P>5TS :O WILL BE RESPONSIBLE = ! UPKEEP ( ! *ILD4 ,?IS PR9CIPLE ONCE E/ABLI%$1 WE BELIEVE ?AT WE %\LD AB/A9 FROM SPECIFY+ ! EXACT MANN] 9 :I* ?IS PR9CIPLE %\LD BE APPLI$3 TO DO O!RWISE W\LD RISK TRY+ TO A*IEVE A ,UTOPIA4 ,!RE=E ! APPLICATION MU/ BE LEFT TO FREE EXP]IM5TATION & WE MU/ AWAIT ! LESSONS ( PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE4 ,WE SAY ONLY ?AT VIS-A-VIS ! *ILD1 SOCIETY IS REPRES5T$ BY ! COMMUNE1 & ?AT EA* COMMUNE WILL HAVE TO DET]M9E :AT W\LD BE BE/ = ! UPBR++ ( ! *ILD2 H]E !Y W\LD HAVE LIFE 9 COMMON1 !RE !Y W\LD LEAVE *ILDR5 9 C>E ( ! MO!R1 AT LEA/ UP TO A C]TA9 AGE1 ETC4 ,BUT ?IS IS ONLY ONE ASPECT ( ! PROBLEM4 ,! COMMUNE FE$S1 CLO!S1 & LODGES ! *ILDR51 BUT :O WILL TEA* !M1 :O WILL DEVELOP !IR BE/ *>ACT]I/ICS & TRA9 !M AS PRODUC]S8 ,ACCORD+ TO :AT PLAN & PR9CIPLES WILL !IR $UCATION BE CONDUCT$8 ,TO !SE QUE/IONS WE REPLY3 ! $UCATION ( *ILDR5 MU/ BE 9TEGRAT$2 ?AT IS1 IT MU/ AT ! SAME TIME DEVELOP BO? ! PHYSICAL & M5TAL FACULTIES & MAKE ! *ILD 9TO A :OLE MAN4 ,?IS $UCATION MU/ NOT BE 5TRU/$ SOLELY TO A SPECIALIZ$ CA/E ( TEA*]S2 ALL ?OSE :O KN[ A SCI5CE1 AN >T1 OR A CRAFT CAN & %\LD BE CALL$ UPON TO TEA*4 ,WE MU/ DI/+UI% TWO /AGES 9 ! $UCATION ( *ILDR53 ! FIR/ /AGE1 :]E ! *ILD ( FIVE OR SIX IS NOT YET OLD 5\< TO /UDY SCI5CE1 & :]E ! EMPHASIS IS ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PHYSICAL FACULTIES2 & A SECOND /AGE1 :]E *ILDR5 TWELVE TO SIXTE5 YE>S ( AGE W\LD BE 9TRODUC$ TO ! V>I\S DIVISIONS ( HUMAN KN[L$GE :ILE AT ! SAME TIME LE>N+ ONE OR MORE CRAFTS OR TRADES ?R\< PRACTICE4 ,! FIR/ /AGE1 AS JU/ M5TION$1 WILL BE DEVOT$ TO DEVELOPM5T ( ! PHYSICAL FACULTIES1 TO /R5G!N+ ! BODY & EX]CIS+ ! S5SES4 ,TODAY ! P[]S ( HE>+1 SEE+1 & MANUAL DEXT]ITY >E 9COMPLETELY & HAPHAZ>DLY DEVELOP$3 A RATIONAL $UCATION1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 WILL BY SPECIAL SY/EMATIC EX]CISES DEVELOP !SE FACULTIES TO ! HIE DEVELOP$ & BODILY VIGOR IS 5HANC$ BY 9TELLIG5T GYMNA/IC EX]CISES1 ! CULTURE ( ! M9D WILL BEG91 BUT 9 A SPONTANE\S MANN]2 ! *ILD W9 NATURALLY & UNCONSCI\SLY ABSORB A /ORE ( SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE4 ,P]SONAL OBS]VATION1 PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE1 CONV]SATIONS BETWE5 *ILDR51 OR ) P]SONS *>G$ ) TEA*+ - !SE WILL BE ! ONLY =M ( 9/RUCTION *ILDR5 WILL RECEIVE DUR+ ?IS FIR/ P]IOD4 ,NO LONG] WILL !RE BE S*OOLS1 >BITR>ILY GOV]N$ BY A P$AGOGUE1 :]E ! *ILDR5 WAIT IMPATI5TLY = ! MOM5T ( !IR DELIV]ANCE :5 !Y CAN 5JOY A LITTLE FRE$OM \TSIDE4 ,9 !IR GA!R+S ! *ILDR5 WILL BE 5TIRELY FREE4 ,!Y WILL ORGANIZE !IR [N GAMES1 !IR TALKS1 SY/EMIZE !IR [N WORK1 >BITRATE DISPUTES1 ETC4 ,!Y WILL !N EASILY BECOME ACCU/OM$ TO PUBLIC LIFE1 TO RESPONSIBILITY1 TO MUTUAL TRU/ & AID4 ,! TEA*] :OM !Y HAVE !MSELVES *OS5 TO GIVE !M LESSONS WILL NO LONG] BE A DETE/$ TYRANT BUT A FRI5D TO :OM !Y WILL LI/5 ) PLEASURE4 ,DUR+ ! SECOND /AGE1 ! *ILDR51 BE+ AGES TWELVE TO SIXTE51 WILL SUCCESSIVELY /UDY 9 A ME?ODICAL MANN] ! PR9CIPAL BRAN*ES ( HUMAN KN[L$GE4 ,!Y WILL NOT BE TAUE ALSO P>T-TIME MANUAL WORK]S2 & EA* BRAN* ( KN[L$GE WILL BE TAUN+ ! SCI5CES1 HE WILL BEG9 APPR5TICE%IP AS A PRODUC]4 ,9 ! FIR/ /AGE ( HIS $UCATION1 ! NE$ TO REPAIR OR MODIFY TOYS WILL 9TRODUCE ! *ILD TO ! USE ( SIMPLE TOOLS4 ,DUR+ ! SECOND /AGE1 HE WILL VISIT DIFF]5T FACTORIES &1 /IMULAT$ BY HIS LIK+ = ONE OR MORE TRADES1 WILL SOON F9ALLY *OOSE ! TRADE 9 :I* HE WILL SPECIALIZE4 ,! APPR5TICES WILL BE TAUE !MSELVES WORK+ 9 ! FACTORIES1 & ?IS PRACTICAL $UCATION WILL BE SUPPLEM5T$ BY LESSONS DEAL+ ) !ORY4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 BY ! TIME A Y\NG MAN REA*ES ! AGE ( SIXTE5 OR SEV5TE5 HE WILL HAVE BE5 9TRODUC$ TO ! RANGE ( HUMAN KN[L$GE1 LE>N$ A TRADE1 & *OS5 ! DISCIPL9E HE LIKES BE/4 ,?US HE WILL BE 9 A POSITION TO REIMBURSE SOCIETY = ! EXP5SES 9VOLV$ 9 HIS $UCATION1 NOT 9 MONEY BUT BY USEFUL WORK & RESPECT = ! RIKS ON ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! *ILD & HIS FAMILY4 ,!RE >C PEOPLE :O ASS]T ?AT ! PROGRAM ( PLAC+ ! *ILD 9 ! CU/ODY ( SOCIETY MEANS 0! DE/RUCTION ( ! FAMILY40 ,?IS DOCTR9E IS DEVOID ( S5SE4 ,AS LONG AS ! CONCURR5CE ( TWO 9DIVIDUALS ( DIFF]5T SEXES IS NECESS>Y = PROCREATION1 AS LONG AS !RE >E FA!RS & MO!RS1 ! NATURAL CONNECTION BETWE5 ! P>5TS & ! *ILD CAN NEV] BE OBLIT]AT$ BY SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,ONLY ! *>ACT] ( ?IS CONNECTION WILL BE MODIFI$4 ,9 ANTIQUITY ! FA!R WAS ! ABSOLUTE MA/] ( ! *ILD4 ,HE HAD ! P[] ( LIFE & DEA? OV] HIM4 ,9 MOD]N TIMES PAT]NAL AU?ORITY HAS BE5 SUBJECT TO C]TA9 RE/RICTIONS4 ,:AT1 !N1 C\LD BE MORE NATURAL1 ?AN ?AT A FREE EGALIT>IAN SOCIETY %\LD OBLIT]ATE :AT /ILL REMA9S ( ?IS AU?ORITY & REPLACE IT ) RELATIONS ( SIMPLE AFFECTION8 ,WE DO NOT CLAIM ?AT ! *ILD %\LD BE TREAT$ AS AN ADULT1 ?AT ALL HIS CAPRICES %\LD BE RESPECT$1 ?AT :5 HIS *ILDI% WILL /UBBORNLY FL\TS ! ELEM5T>Y RULES ( SCI5CE & COMMON S5SE WE %\LD AVOID MAK+ HIM FEEL ?AT HE IS WRONG4 ,WE SAY1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT ! *ILD MU/ BE TRA9$ & GUID$1 BUT ?AT ! DIRECTION ( HIS FIR/ YE>S MU/ NOT BE EXCLUSIVELY EX]CIS$ BY HIS P>5TS1 :O >E ALL TOO (T5 9COMPET5T & :O G5]ALLY ABUSE !IR AU?ORITY4 ,! AIM ( $UCATION IS TO DEVELOP ! LAT5T CAPACITIES ( ! *ILD TO ! FULLE/ POSSIBLE EXT5T & 5ABLE HIM TO TAKE C>E ( HIMSELF AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE4 ,IT IS PA9FULLY EVID5T ?AT AU?ORIT>IANISM IS 9COMPATIBLE ) AN 5LIE NO LONG] ?OSE ( MA/] TO SLAVE BUT ?OSE ( TEA*] TO /UD5T1 ( AN OLD] TO A MU* Y\NG] FRI5D1 DO Y\ ?9K ?AT ! RECIPROCAL AFFECTION ( P>5TS & *ILDR5 W\LD !REBY BE IMPAIR$8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 :5 9TIMATE RELATIONS ( !SE SORTS CEASE1 DO NOT ! DISCORDS SO *>ACT]I/IC ( MOD]N FAMILIES BEG98 ,IS NOT ! FAMILY DIS9TEGRAT+ 9TO BITT] FRICTIONS L>GELY BECAUSE ( ! TYRANNY EX]CIS$ BY P>5TS OV] !IR *ILDR58 ,NO ONE CAN !RE=E JU/LY CLAIM ?AT A FREE & REG5]AT$ SOCIETY WILL DE/ROY ! FAMILY4 ,9 SU* A SOCIETY ! FA!R1 ! MO!R1 & ! *ILDR5 WILL LE>N TO LOVE EA* O!R & TO RESPECT !IR MUTUAL RIR[ LIMITS ( FAMILY AFFECTION1 !REBY A*IEV+ A WID] & NOBL] LOVE3 ! LOVE ( ! GREAT HUMAN FAMILY4 ,V ,SOCIAL ORGANIZATION CANNOT BE RE/RICT$ TO ! LOCAL COMMUNE OR ! LOCAL F$]ATION ( PRODUC]S' GR\PS4 ,WE WILL SEE H[ SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IS EXP&$ & COMPLET$1 ON ! ONE H& BY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( REGIONAL CORPORATIVE F$]ATIONS COMPRIS+ ALL ! GR\PS ( WORK]S 9 ! SAME 9DU/RY2 & ON ! O!R BY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A F$]ATION ( COMMUNES4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY 9DICAT$ 9 ,SECTION ,I,I,I :AT A CORPORATIVE F$]ATION IS4 ,SU* ORGANIZATIONS 9 A RUDIM5T>Y =M EXI/ 9 PRES5T SOCIETY4 ,ALL WORK]S 9 A GIV5 TRADE OR CRAFT BELONG TO ! SAME ORGANIZATION1 = EXAMPLE1 ! F$]ATION ( TYPOGRAPHICAL WORK]S4 ,BUT !SE ORGANIZATIONS >E A V]Y CRUDE SKET* ( :AT !Y WILL BECOME 9 ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,! CORPORATIVE F$]ATIONS WILL UNITE ALL WORK]S 9 ! SAME 9DU/RY2 !Y WILL NO LONG] UNITE TO PROTECT !IR WAGES & WORK+ CONDITIONS AGA9/ ! ONSLAUILY TO GU>ANTEE ! MUTUAL USE ( ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION :I* >E ! PROP]TY ( EA* ( !SE GR\PS & :I* WILL BY A RECIPROCAL CONTRACT BECOME ! COLLECTIVE PROP]TY ( ! :OLE CORPORATIVE F$]ATION4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! F$]ATION ( GR\PS WILL BE ABLE TO EX]CISE CON/ANT CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION1 & REGULATE ! RATE ( PRODUCTION TO MEET ! FLUCTUAT+ CONSUM] NE$S ( SOCIETY4 ,! CORPORATIVE F$]ATION WILL OP]ATE 9 A V]Y SIMPLE FA%ION4 ,ON ! MORR[ ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! PRODUC]S' GR\PS . BELONG+ TO ! SAME 9DU/RY WILL F9D IT NECESS>Y TO S5D DELEGATES FROM CITY TO CITY TO EX*ANGE 9=MATION & LE>N FROM EA* O!R'S EXP]I5CE4 ,!SE P>TIAL CONF]5CES WILL PREP>E ! WAY = A G5]AL CONGRESS ( ! CORPORATIVE F$]ATION TO BE HELD AT SOME C5TRAL PO9T4 ,?IS CONGRESS WILL =MULATE A F$]ATIVE CONTRACT :I* WILL BE SUBMITT$ = ! CORRECTION & APPROVAL ( ALL ! GR\PS ( ! CORPORATIVE F$]ATION4 ,A P]MAN5T BUREAU1 ELECT$ BY ! CONGRESS & RESPONSIBLE TO IT1 WILL S]VE AS ! 9T]M$I>Y L9K BETWE5 ! GR\PS ( ! F$]ATION & BETWE5 ! F$]ATION & ALL ! O!R CORPORATIVE F$]ATIONS4 ,:5 ALL ! BRAN*ES .<9DU/RIES.>1 9CLUD+ ! AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS1 HAVE BE5 ORGANIZ$ 9 ?IS MANN]1 !Y WILL CON/ITUTE A VA/ F$]ATIVE NETWORK SPANN+ ! :OLE C\NTRY & EMBRAC+ ALL ! PRODUC]S1 & !RE=E ALL ! CONSUM]S4 ,! /ATI/ICS ( PRODUCTION1 COORD9AT$ BY ! /ATI/ICAL BUREAUS ( EV]Y CORPORATIVE F$]ATION1 WILL P]MIT ! DET]M9ATION 9 A RATIONAL MANN] ( ! H\RS ( LABOR1 ! CO/ PRICE ( PRODUCTS & !IR EX*ANGE VALUE1 & ! QUANTITIES 9 :I* !SE PRODUCTS %\LD BE PRODUC$ TO MEET ! NE$S ( ! CONSUM]S4 ,PEOPLE IMPRESS$ BY ! HOLL[ DECLAMATIONS ( ! SO-CALL$ DEMOCRATS WILL P]HAPS DEM& ?AT ALL !SE DETAILS %\LD BE SETTL$ BY A DIRECT VOTE ( ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! CORPORATIVE F$]ATIONS4 ,& :5 WE REPLY 9 ! NEGATIVE !Y WILL ACCUSE US ( DESPOTISM2 !Y WILL PROTE/ AGA9/ :AT !Y CONSID] TO BE ! AU?ORITY ( ! BUREAUS1 >GU+ ?AT ! BUREAUS %\LD NOT BE 9VE/$ ) ! EXCLUSIVE P[] TO DEAL ) SU* GRAVE PROBLEMS & TO MAKE DECISIONS ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE4 ,\R ANSW] WILL BE ?AT ! TASKS P]=M$ BY ! P]MAN5T BUREAUS DO NOT 9VOLVE ! EX]CISE ( ANY AU?ORITY :ATSOEV]4 ,!Y CONC]N ONLY ! GA!R+ & CLASSIFICATION ( 9=MATION FURNI%$ BY ! PRODUC]S' GR\PS4 ,ONCE ?IS 9=MATION IS COMB9$ & MADE PUBLIC1 IT WILL BE US$ TO HELP FIX PRICES & CO/S1 ! H\RS ( LABOR1 ETC4 ,SU* OP]ATIONS 9VOLVE SIMPLE MA!MATICAL CALCULATIONS :I* CAN YIELD ONLY ONE CORRECT RESULT1 V]IFIABLE BY ALL :O HAVE ACCESS TO ! FIGURES4 ,! P]MAN5T BUREAU IS SIMPLY *>G$ TO ASC]TA9 & MAKE ! FACTS KN[N TO EV]YONE4 ,EV5 N[1 = EXAMPLE1 ! PO/AL S]VICE P]=MS A SOME:AT SIMIL> S]VICE TO ?AT :I* ! BUREAUS ( ! CORPORATIVE F$]ATIONS WILL R5D] 9 ! FUTURE2 & WE KN[ ( NO P]SON :O COMPLA9S ?AT ! PO/ (FICE ABUSES ITS AU?ORITY BECAUSE IT COLLECTS1 CLASSIFIES1 & DELIV]S ! MAIL )\T SUBMITT+ EV]Y OP]ATION TO UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! PRODUC]S' GR\PS =M+ ! F$]ATION WILL 9T]V5E 9 ! ACTS ( ! BUREAU 9 A F> MORE EFFECTIVE & DIRECT MANN] ?AN SIMPLY BY VOT+4 ,= IT IS !Y :O WILL FURNI% ALL ! 9=MATION & SUPPLY ! /ATI/ICS1 :I* ! BUREAU ONLY COORD9ATES4 ,! BUREAU IS M]ELY ! PASSIVE 9T]M$I>Y ?R\< :I* ! GR\PS COMMUNICATE & PUBLICLY ASC]TA9 ! RESULTS ( !IR [N ACTIVITIES4 ,! VOTE IS A DEVICE = SETTL+ QUE/IONS :I* CANNOT BE RESOLV$ BY MEANS ( SCI5TIFIC DATA1 PROBLEMS :I* MU/ BE LEFT TO ! >BITR>Y DECISION ( NUMB]S4 ,BUT 9 QUE/IONS SUSCEPTIBLE TO A PRECISE SCI5TIFIC SOLUTION !RE IS NO NE$ TO VOTE4 ,! TRU? CANNOT BE DECID$ BY VOTE2 IT V]IFIES & IMPOSES ITSELF BY ! MIALLEL$ BY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,COMMUNES4 ,V,I ,! REVOLUTION CANNOT BE CONF9$ TO A S+LE C\NTRY3 IT IS OBLIG$ UND] PA9 ( ANNIHILATION TO SPREAD1 IF NOT TO ! :OLE WORLD1 AT LEA/ TO A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES4 ,9 FACT1 NO C\NTRY TODAY CAN BE SELF-SUFFICI5T2 9T]NATIONAL L9KS & TRANSACTIONS >E NECESS>Y = PRODUCTION & CANNOT BE CUT (F4 ,IF A REVOLUTION>Y C\NTRY IS BLOCKAD$ BY NEIIAT HAS MANAG$ TO FREE ITSELF FROM ! DOM9ATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ! NEWLY 9ITIAT$ SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS DO NOT HAVE TO CON=M TO A SET PATT]N & MAY DIFF] 9 MANY RESPECTS4 ,TO ?IS DAY !RE >E MANY DISAGREEM5TS BETWE5 ! SOCIALI/S ( ! ,G]MANIC NATIONS 7,G]MANY & ,5GL&7 & ?OSE ( ! ,LAT9 & ,SLAVIC C\NTRIES 7,ITALY1 ,SPA91 ,FRANCE1 & ,RUSSIA74 ,H5CE1 IT IS PROBABLE ?AT ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ADOPT$ BY ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTIONI/S1 = EXAMPLE1 WILL DIFF] ON SOME OR MANY PO9TS FROM :AT IS 9TRODUC$ BY ! ,ITALIAN OR ,FR5* REVOLUTION>IES4 ,BUT !SE DIFF]5CES >E NOT IMPORTANT 9S(> AS 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS >E CONC]N$2 ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ! ,REVOLUTION 7SEE ,SECTIONS ,I & ,I,I ABOVE7 BE+ ! SAME1 FRI5DLY RELATIONS & SOLID>ITY WILL NO D\BT HE E/ABLI%$ BETWE5 ! EMANCIPAT$ PEOPLES ( ! V>I\S C\NTRIES4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT >TIFICIAL FRONTI]S CREAT$ BY ! PRES5T GOV]NM5TS WILL BE SWEPT AWAY BY ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! COMMUNES WILL FREELY UNITE & ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR ECONOMIC 9T]E/S1 !IR LANGUAGE AFF9ITIES1 & !IR GEOGRAPHIC CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,& 9 C]TA9 C\NTRIES LIKE ,ITALY & ,SPA91 TOO VA/ = A S+LE AGGLOM]ATION ( COMMUNES & DIVID$ BY NATURE 9TO MANY DI/9CT REGIONS1 !RE WILL PROBABLY BE E/ABLI%$ NOT ONE BUT MANY F$]ATIONS ( COMMUNES4 ,?IS WILL NOT BE A RUPTURE ( UNITY1 A RETURN TO ! OLD FRAGM5TATION ( PETTY1 ISOLAT$1 & W>R+ POLITICAL /ATES4 ,!SE DIV]SE F$]ATIONS ( COMMUNES1 :ILE MA9TA9+ !IR ID5TITY1 WILL NOT BE ISOLAT$4 ,UNIT$ BY !IR 9T]TW9+ 9T]E/S1 !Y WILL CONCLUDE A PACT ( SOLID>ITY1 & ?IS VOLUNT>Y UNITY F\ND$ ON COMMON AIMS & COMMON NE$S1 ON A CON/ANT EX*ANGE ( 9=MAL1 FRI5DLY CONTACTS1 WILL BE MU* MORE 9TIMATE & MU* /RONG] ?AN ! >TIFICIAL POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION IMPOS$ BY VIOL5CE & HAV+ NO O!R MOTIVE ?AN ! EXPLOITATION ( PEOPLES = ! PR(IT ( PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahge 3 ,IDEAS ON ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #f1 #bag 3 ,IDEAS ON ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,IDEAS ON ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/