Ideals and Realities in Russian Literature

Chapter 8 : Political Literature: Satire; Art-Criticism; Contemporary Novelists
Political Literature-Difficulties of Censorship-The Circles - Westerners and Slavophiles-Political Literature abroad: Herzen - Ogaryoff - Bakunin - Lavróff - Stepniak - The Contemporary and Tchernyshévskiy - SATIRE: Schedrin (Saltykóff) - ART CRITICISM: Its Importance in Russia - Byelinskiy - Dobroluboff - Pisareff - Mihailovskiy - Tolstoy's What is Art? - CONTEMPORARY NOVELISTS - Otel - Korolénko - Present Drift of Literature - Merezherovskiy - Boborykin - Potapenko - Tchéhoff. POLITICAL LITERATURE To speak of political literature in a country which has no political liberty, and where nothing can be printed without having been approved by a rigorous censorship, sounds almost like irony. And yet, notwithstanding all the efforts of the Government to prevent the discussion of political matters in the P... (From : Anarchy Archives.)

Chapter 7 : Folk-Novelists
Their Position in Russian Literature-The Early Folk-Novelists: -Grigoróvitch-Márko Vovtchók-Danilévskiy-Intermediate Period: Kókoreff-Písemskiy-Potyékhin-EthnographicaI Researches-The Realistic School:-Pomyalóvskiy-Ryeshétnikoff-Levítoff-Gleb Uspénskiy-Zlatovrátskiy and other Folk-Novelists-Naúmoff-Zasódimskiy-Sáloff-Nefédoff-Modern Realism: Maxím Górkiy. An important division of Russian novelists, almost totally unknown in Western Europe, and yet representing perhaps the most typical portion of Russian literature, "Folk-Novelists." It is under this name that we know them chiefly in Russia, and under this name the critic Skabitchévskiy has analyzed them-first, in a book bearing t... (From : Anarchy Archives.)

Chapter 6 : The Drama
Its Origin-The Czars Alexis and Peter I.-Sumarókoff-Pseudo-classical Tragedies: Knyazhnin, ; Ozeroff-First Comedies-The First Years of the Nineteenth Century-Griboyedoff-The Moscow Stage in the Fifties-Ostrovskiy; his first Dramas- "The Thunderstorm"-Ostrovskiy's later Dramas-Historical Dramas: A. K. Tolstóy-Other Dramatic Writers. The Drama in Russia, as everywhere else, had a double origin. It developed out of the religious "mysteries" on the one hand and the popular comedy on the other, witty interludes being introduced into the grave, moral representations, the subjects of which were borrowed from the Old or the New Testament. Several such mysteries were adapted in the seventeenth century by the teachers of the Graeco-Latin Theological Academy at Kieff for representation in Little Russian by the students of the Academy, and later on the... (From : Anarchy Archives.)

Chapter 5 : Goncharóff -- Dostoyévskiy -- Nekrasoff
GONCHARÓFF-Oblómoff-The Russian Malady of Oblómovism-Is it exclusively Russian?-The Precipice-Dostoyévskiy-His first Novel-General Character of his Work-Memoirs from a Dead House-Down-trodden and Offended-Crime and Punishment-The Brothers Karamazoff-Nekrasoff-Discussions about his Talent-His Love of the People-Apotheosis of Woman-Other Prose-writers of the same Epoch-Serghei Aksakov-Dahl-lvan Panaeff-Hvoschinskaya (V. Krestovskiy-pseudonyme). Poets of the same Epoch-Koltsoff-Nikitin Pleschéeff. The Admirers of Pure Art: Tutcheff-A Maykoff-Scherbina-Polonskiy-A. Fet-A. K. Tolstóy-The Translators. GONCHARÓFF. GONCHARÓFF occupies in Russian literature the next place after Turguéneff and Tolstóy, but this extremely interesting writer is almost entirely unknown to English readers. He was not a prolific writer and, apart from small sketches,... (From : Anarchy Archives.)

Chapter 4 : Turguéneff -- Tolstóy
TURGUÉNEFF: The main features of his Art-A Sportsman's Notebook-Pessimism of his early novels-His series of novels representing the leading types of Russian society--Rúdin-Lavrétskiy-Helen and Insároff -Bazároff-Why Fathers and Sons was misunderstood-Hamlet and Don Quixote-Virgin Soil: movement towards the people-Verses in Prose. TOLSTÓY: Childhood and Boyhood-During and after the Crimean War -Youth: In search of an ideal-Small stories-The Cossacks-Educational work-War and Peace-Anna Karénina-Religious crisis-His interpretation of the Christian teaching-Main points of the Christian ethics-Latest works of Art-Kreutzer Sonata-Resurrection. TURGUÉNEFF... (From : Anarchy Archives.)

Púshkin -- Lérmontoff
PÚSHKIN: Beauty of form -- Púshkin and Schiller -- His youth; his exile; his later career and death -- Fairy tales: Ruslán and Ludmíla -- His lyrics -- "Byronism" -- Drama -- Evghéniy Onyéghin -- LÉRMONTOFF:Púshkin or Lérmontoff? -- His life -- The Caucasus -- Poetry of Nature -- Influence of Shelley -- The Demon -- Mtzyri -- Love of freedom -- His death -- Púshkin and Lérmontoff as prose-writers -- Other poets and novelists of the same epoch.PÚSHKIN Púshkin is not quite a stranger to English readers. In a valuable collection of review articles dealing with Russian writers which Professor Coolidge, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, put at my disposal, I fo... (From : Anarchy Archives.)

Introduction: The Russian Language
The Russian Language--Early folk literature: Folklore-- Songs-Sagas-Lay of Igor's Raid-Annals-The Mongol Invasion; its consequences-Correspondence between John IV. and Kúrbiskíy-Split in the Church-Avvakúm's Memoirs- The eighteenth century: Peter I. and his contemporaries-Tretiakóvsky-Lomonósoff-Sumarókoff-The times of Catherine II.-Derzhávin-Von Wízin-The Freemasons: Novikóff; Radíscheff-Early nineteenth century: Karamzín and Zhukóvskiy-The Decembrists-Ryléeff. One of the last messages which Turguéneff addressed to Russian writers from his death-bed was to implore them to keep in its purity "that precious inheritance of ours.-the Russian Langu... (From : Anarchy Archives.)

Gógol
Little Russia-Nights on a Farm near Dikónka, and Mírgorod-Village life and humor-How Iván Ivánovitch quarreled with Iván Nikíforytch-Historical novel, Tarás Búlba- The Cloak-Drama, The Inspector-General-Its influence- Dead Souls: main types-realism in the Russian novel. With Gógol begins a new period of Russian literature. which is called by Russian literary critics "the Gógol period," which lasts to the present date. Gógol was not a Great Russian. He was born in 1809, in a Little Russian or Ukraïnian nobleman's family. His father had already dispayed some literary talent and wrote a few comedies in Little Russian, but Gógol lost him at an early age. Th... (From : Anarchy Archives.)