,H[ TO ,GET444 ,:AT ,Y\ ,WANT 

#ahig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

,! HI/ORY ( ! /RUGGLES ?AT WON ! PRES5T TYPE ( SUFFRAGE 9 ,BELGIUM IS 9T]E/+ & V]Y 9/RUCTIVE4 ,IT %[S H[1 ?R\< VIGOR & CON/ANCY ASSOCIAT$ ) CAUTION1 A POPUL> P>TY MANAG$1 9 ! SPACE ( A FEW YE>S1 TO BR+ A SELFI%1 >ROGANT CLASS TO SURR5D]1 EV5 ?\< ?AT CLASS WAS DET]M9$ TO RESI/ EV]Y CONCESSION & C\LD CALL UPON ! ECONOMIC & MILIT>Y MI<T ( ! 5TIRE NATION 9 ! DEF5SE ( ITS PRIVILEGES4 ,& ?IS HI/ORY MI<T S]VE AS AN EXAMPLE = FUR!R /RUGGLES T>GET+ MU* MORE EFFECTIVE GA9S = ! GOOD ( ! PEOPLE4 

,AVANTI6 HAS RECEIV$ FROM ITS ,BELGIAN CORRESPOND5T 7,A4 ,DEW9NE7 AN ACC\NT ( ?OSE EV5TS1 :I* WE KN[ TO BE TRU?FUL4 ,WE ?9K IT MI<T BE USEFUL TO REPR9T IT H]E1 SUMM>IZ+ SOME PO9TS = REASONS ( SPACE1 AFT] :I* WE %ALL (F] \R [N OBS]VATIONS4 

,FROM #ahca TO #a#h#i#c1 ,BELGIUM HAD AN ELECTORAL >RANGEM5T REF]R$ TO AS C5SUS SUFFRAGE4 ,9 ORD] TO QUALIFY = ! VOTE1 ONE HAD TO PAY A POLL TAX LEVY1 :I* AFT] ! '#d#h RIOTS WAS R$UC$ TO #d#b4#c#b ,ITALIAN LIRE4 

,! LEVY WAS ORDA9$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 :I* CAN ONLY BE *ANG$ ) ! CONS5SUS ( TWO-?IRDS ( ! MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T1 & ! K+'S 5DORSEM5T4 ,!RE=E1 S9CE IT C\LD NOT BE EXPECT$ = ! B\RGEOISIE TO BE SUFFICI5TLY SELF-SACRIFIC+ AS TO R5\NCE ITS POLITICAL PRIVILEGES1 ELECTORAL RE=M LOOK$ UNATTA9ABLE BY LEGAL MEANS4 

,= #b YE>S1 ! RADICALS PRESS$ = A REVISION ( ,>TICLE #dg ( ! CON/ITUTION PRESCRIB+ ! POLL TAX LEVY4 ,9 #ahg !Y /OOD #d C&IDATES 9 ,BRUSSELS & W]E DEFEAT$4 ,SOME RADICALS1 ELECT$ 9 ! PROV9CES1 PROPOS$ ! REVISION BUT ! ,*AMB] REFUS$ TO GIVE IT ANY CONSID]ATION4 

,9 #a#h#h#a1 ,JANSON1 ! LEAD] ( ! RADICAL P>TY1 MOV$ ?AT ! ADM9I/RATIVE VOTE BE WID5$ TO 9CLUDE ALL :O HAD REA*$ ! AGE ( #ba & :O C\LD READ & WRITE2 BUT1 COM+ UND] ATTACK 9 ! ,CA?OLIC & ,LIB]AL PRESS & %[]$ ) 9SULTS1 HE )DREW ?AT MOTION4 0,ABILITY TO READ & WRITE0 REMA9$ ! RADICALS' =MULA1 UP UNTIL ! EM]G5CE ( ! WORK]S' P>TY ?AT =C$ !M 9TO CAMPAIGN+ = UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 

,9 #a#h#h#c1 ,JANSON AGA9 MOV$ A REVISION ( ,>TICLE #d#g1 & ! MOTION1 AFT] A /ORMY DEBATE1 G>N]$ ONLY #aa VOTES1 ) #aaf AGA9/4 

,9 #a#h#h#d1 ! ,BELGIAN ,WORK]S' ,P>TY WAS F\ND$ 9 ,ANTW]P1 & 9/EAD ( ASK+ ! B\RGEOIS SITT+ 9 ,P>LIAM5T TO GRANT WORK]S ! VOTE1 ! ,BELGIAN SOCIALI/S ADDRESS$ ! WORK]S DIRECTLY1 ORGANIZ+ !M ON A S\ND ECONOMIC FOOT+4 

,9 #a#h#h#e1 AT ! P>TY CONGRESS HELD 9 ,<5T1 ,DR4 ,CES> DE ,PAEPE1 ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T ,BELGIAN SOCIALI/1 FIR/ LAUN*$ ! IDEA ( ! G5]AL /RIKE 9 ORD] TO SECURE UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE--AN IDEA ?AT WAS 5?USIA/ICALLY EMBRAC$ BY ! ,WALLOON WORK]S4 

,! FOLL[+ YE>1 =MIDABLE /RIKES ]UPT$ AMONG ! M9]S ( ! ,BOR9AGE1 ,LIEGE1 & ,*>L]OI2 ! /RIK]S DEM&$ BETT] PAY & UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,VIOL5CE BROKE \T PRETTY MU* EV]Y:]E2 >M$ MOBS ROAM$ ! ,*>L]OI BAS91 SMA%+ UP MA*9]Y1 LOOT+ (FICES1 & TOR*+ CA/LES4 

,! REPRESSION WAS T]RIBLE4 ,TROOPS OP5$ FIRE ON ! /RIK]S1 !RE W]E MANY DEAD1 & A GREAT NUMB] ( MASS >RE/S W]E MADE4 

,ONCE CALM HAD RETURN$1 ! F]OCITY EXHIBIT$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE WAS PROPORTIONAL TO ITS E>LI] SC>E4 ,! C\RTS W]E M]CILESS1 & FREQU5T S5T5CES RA9$ D[N ON ! POOR REBELS4 

,! 5TIRE B\RGEOISIE REALIZ$ ?AT !RE WAS A LESSON TO BE LE>N$ FROM !SE EV5TS4 ,9 FACT1 #ahhf M>KS ! BEG9N+ ( ! FIR/ SOCIAL LEGISLATION1 BEH9D :I* ! ,CA?OLIC GOV]NM5T TODAY %IELDS ITSELF1 BUT :I* !Y GRANT$ ONLY \T ( FE> ( FRE% UPHEAVALS4 ,& SO ! REGULATION ( FEMALE & *ILD LABOR BEGAN4 ,JU/ A LITTLE BIT1 ?\<6 ,YET = ! PREVI\S HALF C5TURY IT HAD NOT EV5 BE5 A CONSID]ATION4 

,H[EV]1 ! GOV]NM5T REMA9$ HO/ILE TO ANY REVISION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION &1 ABOVE ALL1 TO UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 

,! FOLL[+ YE>1 ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY DEBAT$ :E!R OR NOT ! ?REAT ( A G5]AL /RIKE %\LD BE C>RI$ \T4 ,A P>TY CONGRESS WAS CONV5$ TO DECIDE1 & ! DEBATES W]E V]Y ANIMAT$4 

,! M9]S' DELEGATES WANT$ WORK AB&ON$ IMM$IATELY2 O!R DELEGATES1 ESPECIALLY ! ONES FROM ,BRUSSELS & ,<5T1 VIGOR\SLY OPPOS$ ! IDEA ( A G5]AL /RIKE1 F9D+ IT PREMATURE & ! PREP>ATIONS 9ADEQUATE4 ,! CONGRESS REJECT$ ! PROPOSAL BY A SLI<T MAJORITY4 

,! M9]S' DELEGATES WALK$ \T1 DECL>+ ?AT !Y W\LD IGNORE ! DECISION MADE & PROMOTE ! /RIKE4 

,& SO ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY WAS SPLIT 9TO TWO FACTIONS4 

,! DISSID5TS HELD A NEW CONGRESS & A G5]AL /RIKE WAS APPROV$4 

,)9 DAYS1 ?\S&S ( M9]S /RUCK4 ,! DI/URBANCES1 VIOL5CE & RIOTS ( #ahhf RESUM$4 ,9 ! M9+ BAS9S 9 ,HA9AUT REVOLV]S W]E FIR$ & DYNAMITE BOMBS W]E GO+ (F PRETTY MU* EV]Y:]E4 

,! GOV]NM5T DISPAT*$ ITS MO/ T]RIFY+ BUT*]1 ,G5]AL ,V&]SMISS5 TO ! /RIKE >EA ) ABSOLUTE P[]S4 ,:5 IT CAME TO ! CRACKD[N1 ?IS SAB]-RATTL] WAS RU?LESS2 HE ORD]$ HIS TROOPS TO OP5 FIRE ON ! /RIK]S )\T--AS REQUIR$ BY LAW--ISSU+ ANY W>N+ FIR/4 

,9 ?AT 9/ANCE1 A GREAT NUMB] ( SOLDI]S1 WORK$ UP BY ! SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A1 FIR$ BLANKS2 ?IS WAS A S]I\S *OICE1 = :I* !Y C\LD BE %OT ON ! SPOT IF !Y W]E CAU<T4 ,MANY WORK]S W]E KILL$ & W\ND$1 MASS >RE/S W]E MADE1 & ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! DISSID5T SOCIALI/ P>TY WAS ?R[N 9 PRISON4 

,! PR$ICTIONS CAME TRUE3 ! /RIKE CAME TO A PA9FUL & 9EFFECTUAL 5D4 

,BUT ! NEWSPAP] ,LE ,PEUPLE HAD PO9T$ TO ! PRES5CE ( AG5TS PROVOCATEURS AMONG ! >M$ GANGS ?AT ROAM$ ! 9DU/RIAL REGIONS1 & ! TRIAL ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL PROV$ ?AT ,LE ,PEUPLE HAD IT RI<T4 ,IT WAS PROV$ ?AT A C]TA9 ,LALO91 :O HAD *AIR$ ! CONGRESS AT :I* ! G5]AL /RIKE WAS APPROV$1 WAS AN AG5T PROVOCATEUR4 ,& IT WAS ALSO PROV$ ?AT ONE ,P\RBAIX1 :O HAD SET (F DYNAMITE BOMBS & ISSU$ REVOLV]S TO /RIK]S1 HAD HAD A SECRET NI<TTIME AUDI5CE ) ! PRIME M9I/]1 ,BE]NA]T4 

,! UP%OT ( ! TRIAL WAS ! RECONCILIATION ( ! TWO FACTIONS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY1 :I* HAS ALWAYS BE5 9DISSOLUBLY UNIT$ EV] S9CE4 

,! ,BELGIAN SOCIALI/S !N LAID ! GR\NDWORK = A NEW G5]AL /RIKE4 ,HUNDR$S ( COMRADES CAME =W>D AS MAKE%IFT ORATORS1 WRIT]S1 & ORGANIZ]S4 

,= F\R YE>S1 MEET+S W]E HELD 9 EV]Y REGION ( ! C\NTRY--ALL ( !M CALL+ = UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #a1 #a#h#i1 ,BRUSSELS WITNESS$ A DEMON/RATION1 :I* EV5 ! B\RGEOIS PRESS E/IMAT$ WAS #h1-/RONG2 !Y M>*$ ?R\< ! /REETS ( ! CITY UND] TORR5TIAL RA9FALL & A V]ITABLE HURRICANE )\T DISP]S+4 

,ONCE ! HUGE CR[D >RIV$ AT A SUBURBAN OP5 SPACE ?AT HAD A COMM&+ VIEW ( ! 5TIRE CITY1 BE=E BREAK+ UP !Y MADE ! FOLL[+ SOLEMN PL$GE1 ( :I* EV]YONE HAD A COPY 9 WRIT+3 0,BELGIAN WORK]S SWE> ?AT !Y %ALL NOT /OP & %ALL NOT RE/ = A MOM5T UNTIL !Y HAVE WON UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE40 

,SC>CELY HAD ! P>TY'S ORATORS READ \T ! PL$GE ?AN A =MIDABLE CRY >OSE FROM ! *E/S ( ALL WORK]S ASSEMBL$ 9 ! VA/ CLE>+4 0,WE SWE> IT10 !Y SAID1 TO 5DLESS APPLAUSE1 :ILE ! RA9 CONT9U$ TO FALL 9 TORR5TS4 

,IT WAS AN UN=GETTABLE SI<T4 

,FROM ?AT DAY ON1 ?+S HAPP5$ QUICKLY4 

,9 ,NOVEMB]1 ! SOCIALI/S ORGANIZ$ ANO!R DEMON/RATION1 ! DELEGATES FROM :I* W]E RECEIV$ AT ! T[N HALL BY ,BULS1 ! CITY BURGOMA/]1 & BY ,JANSON4 

,BULS & ,JANSON1 BO? ( !M DEPUTIES REPRES5T+ ! CAPITAL1 W]E APPROA*$ BY ,VOLD]S ON BEHALF ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY1 & PROMIS$ TO TABLE A MOTION = REVIEW4 ,!Y W]E TRUE TO !IR WORD & ?IS TIME ! MOTION WAS UNANIM\SLY ADD$ TO ! AG5DA2 BUT DESPITE ! LOBBY+ BY ! LEFT1 ! DISCUSSION ( IT WAS PO/PON$ UNTIL ! #a#h#i#a-#a#h#i#b SITT+4 

,IT BEGAN 9DE$ DUR+ ! PROCE$+S ( ,FEBRU>Y #b1 #a#h#i#b4 

,AFT] L5G?Y1 NITPICK+ DEBATE1 ! ,*AMB] PASS$ A RESOLUTION 9 :I* IT /AT$ ?AT ,>TICLE #dg & SEV]AL O!RS FROM ! ,CON/ITUTION RELAT+ TO ! RE=M ( ! ,S5ATE W]E 9 NE$ ( AM5DM5T4 

,! ,H\SES W]E !N DULY DISSOLV$4 ,ON ,JUNE #ad ELECTIONS W]E HELD4 ,! SOCIALI/S RESOLV$ TO VOTE = ! LIB]ALS SO AS TO D5Y ! ,CA?OLICS A TWO-?IRDS MAJORITY 9 ! ,*AMB]4 

,! SOCIALI/S' TACTICS HAD ! DESIR$ \TCOME3 ! EI<TE5 ,CA?OLIC DEPUTIES FROM ,BRUSSELS W]E REPLAC$ BY EI<TE5 LIB]ALS4 

,SO ! GOV]NM5T NO LONG] HAD ITS TWO-?IRDS MAJORITY4 

,! LEFT'S SUPPORT WAS NE$$ TO GET ! ELECTORAL RE=M PASS$4 

,! ,H\SES MET ON ,JULY #a#b1 #a#h#i#b1 & APPO9T$ A #b#a-MEMB] COMMISSION TO DRAW UP1 9 AGREEM5T ) ! GOV]NM5T1 PROPOSALS TO PUT BE=E P>LIAM5T4 ,PROCE$+S W]E !N ADJ\RN$ UNTIL ! ,NOVEMB] #h SESSION4 

,! PROCE$+S ?AT DAY W]E TO BE OP5$ BY ! K+4 ,! SOCIALI/S ORGANIZ$ A L>GE DEMON/RATION4 

,IT WAS A ,TUESDAY4 ,MO/ ( ! WORK]S FROM ,BRUSSELS & SURR\ND+ >EAS W5T ON /RIKE4 ,AT >\ND HALF PA/ ONE ?AT AFT]NOON1 A HUGE CR[D GA!R$ 9 ! /REETS4 

,ALL ! DEMON/RATORS WORE LEAFLETS ON !IR CAPS ?AT READ3 ,LONG LIVE UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 

,SIMIL> PO/]S W]E AFFIX$ TO ! BUILD+S L9+ ! R\TE ( ! PROCESSION4 

,AT AB\T TWO O'CLOCK1 \T CAME ! K+ ) HIS /AFF3 9/ANTLY1 AN IMM5SE *ORUS W5T UP FROM ! CR[D3 ,LONG LIVE UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE--A CRY ?AT ACCOMPANI$ ! K+ EV]Y /EP ( ! WAY4 

,:5 ! K+ PASS$1 ,EMILE ,V&]VELDE1 :O WAS /&+ AMONG POLICEM51 9/EAD ( PRES5T+ >MS %\T$ \T ! FATEFUL SLOGAN & TOSS$ A BAT* ( LEAFLETS BETWE5 ! LEGS ( ! K+'S HORSE4 ,?IS WAS ! SIGNAL = C\NTLESS LEAFLETS TO />T RA9+ D[N ON ! K+ & ! RE/ ( ! PROCESSION3 ! QUE5'S C>RIAGE FILL$ UP ) !M4 ,AT ONE PO9T1 ! K+'S HORSE1 FRI<T5$1 RE>$ & LOOK$ AS IF IT WAS AB\T TO ?R[ ITS RID] :O1 AS :ITE AS A %EET1 FL$ UND] ! TORR5T ( R$ LEAFLETS & ! DEAF5+ CLAMOR ( ! CR[D4 

,9 P>LIAM5T1 ,LEOPOLD ,I,I READ A SPEE* WRITT5 BY ,BE]NA]T1 SETT+ \T ! GOV]NM5T'S PROPOSALS3 ! K+ WAS ACCLAIM$ BY ALL ! DEPUTIES EXCEPT = SIX RADICALS FROM ,BRUSSELS :O *ANT$ ,LONG LIVE UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 

,\TSIDE1 MEAN:ILE1 ! CR[DS C>RI$ ON DEMON/RAT+4 ,AT ONE PO9T ALONG ! K+'S R\TE /OOD ! /ATUE ( ! ,FR5* G5]AL :O HAD COME TO ! ,BELGIANS' AID BACK 9 #a#h#c2 ONE WORK] CLAMB]$ UP IT & PLAC$ A R$ FLAG 9 ! G5]AL'S H&4 ,:5 ! K+ SAW1 HE TURN$ HIS HEAD & LOOK$ AWAY AS ! CR[D LAU<$ UNCONTROLLABLY4 

,SO MU* = ! FIR/ DAY4 

,9 ,DECEMB]1 ! GOV]NM5T SET \T ITS PROPOSALS1 ACCORD+ TO :I* EV]Y CITIZ5 C\LD VOTE :O HAD REA*$ ! AGE ( #b#e1 HAD BE5 LIV+ 9 ! SAME MUNICIPALITY = A YE>1 & [N$ PROP]TY TO ! VALUE ( AT LEA/ #b1 FRANCS OR HAD BE5 LIV+ = A YE> 9 A H\SE ( A C]TA9 VALUE DET]M9$ BY ! LAW1 OR HAD A HI<] $UCATION QUALIFICATION1 OR C\LD %[ BY EXAM9ATION ?AT HE C\LD READ1 WRITE1 & CALCULATE4 

,! V>I\S P>TIES1 TOO1 TABL$ A NUMB] ( BILLS4 

,! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY1 :I* HAD NO REPRES5TATIVES 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 CLUNG TO ITS =MULA3 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 #ba YE>S ( AGE1 & #f MON?S' RESID5CY4 ,& AT ONE ( ITS CONGRESSES IT HAD RESOLV$ ON A G5]AL /RIKE %\LD ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY REJECT UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 

,! GOV]NM5T'S BILL WAS APPROV$ BY ! TW5TY-ONE-MAN ,COMMISSION BUT NONE ( ! ,LIB]ALS BACK$ IT1 & ?AT 5SUR$ ?AT IT W\LD BE REJECT$ BY ! ,*AMB]4 

,! DEBATES RESUM$ ON ,FEBRU>Y #bh & CONT9U$ UNTIL ,APRIL #ah )\T ANY VOTES BE+ TAK54 

,ON ,M>* #b#i1 A RADICAL ,BRUSSELS DEPUTY1 ,F]ON1 PRES5T$ A NEW DRAFT PROCLAIM+ UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE BUT AW>D+ TWO VOTES TO M5 ) A FAMILY4 

,ON ,M>* #a#i1 ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY'S ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ISSU$ A MANIFE/O 9 :I* IT URG$ WORK]S TO PREP>E !MSELVES = ! G5]AL /RIKE4 

,ON ,APRIL #aa & #a#b1 ! ,*AMB] REJECT$ ALL ( ! DRAFTS SUBMITT$ TO IT1 9CLUD+ ! ONES ?AT 9CLUD$ UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 

,?IS WAS ! SIGNAL = ! /RIKE ?AT )9 TWO OR ?REE DAYS HAD SPREAD IMPRESSIVELY TO ,BRUSSELS1 ,<5T1 ,ANTW]P1 & ! C5T]S ( 9DU/RY4 

,BRUSSELS WAS PLAC$ UND] A /ATE ( SIEGE4 ,CONSCRIPTS W]E RECRUIT$1 & ! CIVIL GU>D WAS KEPT ON /&-BY = EI<T DAYS4 

,9 ,<5T1 /RIK]S 5T]$ FACTORIES :]E WORK WAS /ILL GO+ ON & SLA%$ ! MA*9E-BELTS1 =C+ ! 5TIRE WORK=CE TO /OP4 ,F\R DAYS 91 9 ,<5T ALONE1 !RE W]E #b#e1 /RIK]S4 ,9 ,ANTW]P1 ! DOCK WORK]S DUMP$ GOODS 9TO ! SEA & SET ! DOCKY>D ON FIRE4 

,9 ,BRUSSELS1 >M$ GANGS ROAM$ ! /REETS1 SMA%+ ! W9D[S ( ! MAJOR /ORES ) /ONES & %OOT+ IT \T ) ! POLICE4 

,ON ,APRIL #a#c1 ! POLICE >RE/$ ?REE MEMB]S ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL :O W]E LEAD+ A DEMON/RATION3 ,VOLD]S1 ,NAIS1 & ,V&]VELDE4 

,! NEWS ( !IR >RE/S ADD$ TO ! MAYHEM3 EV5 ! LABOR UNIONS ?AT DID NOT FOLL[ ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY DECID$ TO /RIKE4 ,! C\RT1 H[EV]1 ?\<T IT PRUD5T TO RELEASE \R ?REE FRI5DS4 ,?AT SAME DAY1 AS HE LEFT ! ,*AMB]1 ,WOE/E1 A M9I/] ( /ATE & LEAD] ( ! ,CA?OLIC P>TY1 WAS BEAT5 UP BY A ,BRUSSELS SOCIALI/1 CITIZ5 ,LEVEQUE1 :O WAS PROMPTLY >RE/$ & S5T5C$ TO #ah MON?S 9 PRISON4 

,DE ,MOT1 ,LIB]AL DEPUTY = ,BRUSSELS AT ! TIME1 :O HAD VOT$ AGA9/ UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 WAS =C$ TO RETREAT 9TO A !AT] TO ESCAPE MOB VIOL5CE4 

,ON ,APRIL #a#d1 ! G5D>MES KILL$ A WOMAN 9 ,LA ,L\VI]E1 AN IMPORTANT M9+ T[N ) AB\T #c1 /RIK]S4 

,9 ,V]VI]S1 !RE W]E ANO!R #c1 /RIK]S4 ,! )DRAWAL ( LABOR WAS COMPLETE3 ! DEPUTIES FROM ?AT CITY DID NOT D>E COME BACK HOME = FE> ( HO/ILE DEMON/RATIONS BY ! WORK]S1 :O W\LD WAIT = !M EV]Y DAY AT ! /ATION4 

,ON ! #a#f?1 ,BULS1 BURGOMA/] ( ,BRUSSELS1 :ILE \T WALK+ ! B\LEV>DS1 RECEIV$ SU* A VIOL5T :ACK FROM A CANE WIELD$ BY A P]SON UNKN[N ?AT HE COLLAPS$1 UNCONSCI\S1 &--9 DANG] ( DEA?--WAS OBLIG$ TO REMA9 9 B$ = TWO MON?S4 

444 

,AVANTI HAS SO F> NOT PUBLI%$ ! RE/ ( ! ACC\NT & WE DO NOT HAVE ! DETAILS ( ! EV5TS FOLL[+ ?OSE REC\NT$ ABOVE4#a#f#a ,BUT ! ESS5CE1 ALL 9 ALL1 IS ?IS3 ?AT 9 ! FACE ( ! UNRE/ 9 ! C\NTRY1 ! ,P>LIAM5T FE>$ REVOLUTION & LOOK$ QUICKLY = A SETTLEM5T1 GRANT+1 NOT QUITE UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 BUT A GREAT DEAL4 ,NOT FEEL+ /RONG 5\< TO 9SI/ ON UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE PURE & SIMPLE1 ! SOCIALI/S MADE DO1 = ! MOM5T1 ) SU* SUCCESS AS !Y HAD A*IEV$ & PO/PON$ ! FI<T UNTIL LAT]4 

,N[ LET US TAKE A LOOK AT ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! :OLE /ORY4 

,IT WAS BY MEANS ( 9SURRECTION ?AT ,BELGIUM GA9$ H] 9DEP5D5CE & CON/ITUTION BACK 9 #a#h#c1 & IT WAS ?R\< ! RIOTS 9 '#d#h ?AT %E SECUR$ A R$UCTION 9 ! POLL TAX4 ,!REAFT]1 = #cf YE>S BETWE5 '#d#h & '#h#d1 ! FATE ( ! C\NTRY WAS 5TRU/$ TO ! GOOD 9T5TIONS ( ! ,P>LIAM5T & NOT ANO!R S+LE /EP =W>D WAS MADE 9 RESPECT ( EI!R POLITICAL RE=M OR SOCIAL RE=M4 

,9 #a#h#h#d1 ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY WAS =M$1 :I* IS TO SAY1 ! WORK]S />T$ TO TAKE C>E ( !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,9 '#h#e ! IDEA ( A G5]AL /RIKE TO PRESS = UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE WAS LAUN*$4 ,9 '#h#f VIOL5T /RIKES ]UPT$1 ) ACCOMPANY+ >M$ GANGS1 MA*9E-BREAK+1 RANSACK+ ( PLANTS1 >SON ATTACKS ON CA/LES4 0,ORD]0 WAS RE/OR$3 ! REPRESSION WAS T]RIBLE444 BUT ! V]Y FIR/ 0SOCIAL LEGISLATION0 DATES FROM ?AT YE>3 9ADEQUATE & D]ISORY ?\< IT MAY BE1 ! B\RGEOISIE W\LD NEV] HAVE PASS$ IT HAD !Y NOT BE5 SPURR$ TO IT BY FE> ( FUR!R UNRE/4 

,9 '#h#g !RE W]E FUR!R /RIKES1 FUR!R VIOL5CE1 FUR!R REVOLTS4 ,US+ AG5TS PROVOCATEURS1 ! GOV]NM5T TRI$ TO F9D A PRETEXT = SNUFF+ \T ! MOVEM5T BE=E IT C\LD BECOME /RONG 5\< TO W94 ,BUT1 AS IS (T5 ! CASE1 GOV]NM5T 9TRIGUES BACKFIR$ BECAUSE !Y S]V$ ONLY TO CEM5T ! UNION BETWE5 ! WORK]S1 :I* HAD ONLY MOM5T>ILY BE5 %ATT]$1 & !REBY IT GAVE R5EW$ IMPETUS TO ! FE>$ MOVEM5T4 

,S9CE !N1 WORK] ORGANIZATION HAS GONE FROM /R5G? TO /R5G? & ?R\< DEMON/RATIONS1 RALLIES1 /RIKES & REVOLTS1 ! DAY CAME :5 ! B\RGEOISIE HAD NO OPTION BUT TO REL5T 9 ORD] TO AV]T REVOLUTION4 

,LET US N[ ASK ! P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S3 IF ! PEOPLE1 D5I$ SO-CALL$ POLITICAL RI<TS1 W]E ABLE1 BY VIRTUE ( ! /R5G? ( !IR ORGANIZATION1 TO IMPOSE !IR WI%ES UPON ! GOV]NM5T1 :Y DO Y\ SAY ?AT NO?+ CAN BE A*IEV$ UNLESS DEPUTIES >E APPO9T$8 ,& :Y1 HAV+ MANAG$ TO W9 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE ) ADMIRABLE VIGOR1 HAVE !Y NOT MANAG$ TO W9 ANY?+ WOR?:ILE S9CE !N8 ,MI<T IT BE BECAUSE1 :5EV] ! PEOPLE VOTE1 !Y GR[ ACCU/OM$ TO LOOK+ TO ,P>LIAM5T = EV]Y?+ & CEASE DO+ ?+S = !MSELVES8 

,!N AGA91 ALL ! EF=T PUT 9TO SECUR+ ! VOTE--= ! RI<T TO APPO9T ! PEOPLE TO :OM !Y LOOK = C]TA9 RE=MS--MI<T ?AT NOT HAVE BE5 EF=T BETT] 9VE/$ 9 GO+ AFT] ! DESIR$ RE=MS DIRECTLY8 

,BUT ! P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S C\LD JU/IFIABLY ANSW] ?US3 :AT Y\ W\LD HAVE US DO--:Y HAV5'T Y\ DONE IT Y\RSELF8 

,WE %ALL EXPLA9 ?AT NEXT TIME4 

7,S\RCE3 ,TRANSLAT$ FROM 0,COME SI CONQUI/A444 QUEL *E SI VUOLE10 P>TS #a & #b1 ,L',AGITAZIONE1 ,ANCONA1 ,VOL4 #a1 NO4 #e1 ,APRIL #a#b1 #a#h#i#g2 ,L',AGITATORE ,SOCIALI/A ,AN>*ICO1 ,APRIL #b#e1 #a#h#i#g1 S+LE ISSUE1 REPLACEM5T = ,NO4 #g ( ,L',AGITAZIONE47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#e1 #ahig 3 ,H[ TO ,GET444 ,:AT ,Y\ ,WANT -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,H[ TO ,GET444 ,:AT ,Y\ ,WANT -- ,ADD$4 
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