,H[ ,%ALL ,WE ,LIVE ,!N8 7MANUSCRIPT ,NOTES7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,:AT ,I HAVE TO SAY TO Y\ RELATES TO MATT]S ?AT MAY BE DISCUSS$ AMONG 
,SOCIALI/S1 M+L$ OR NOT ) !IR DECL>$ OPPON5TS1 BUT 
IS CAN NOT BE ALTOGE!R A MATT] ( 
CONTROV]SY AMONG ,SOCIALI/S4 ,I WANT TO GIVE Y\ MY P]SONAL VIEW 
( ! ,PROMIS$ ,L& ( ,SOCIALISM1 ) ! HOPE ( ELICIT+ AN ACC\NT 
( ! VIEWS ( SEV]AL ( ?IS AUDI5CE2 & ,I DO NOT ?9K ! H\R & 
A HALF SO EMPLOY$ \<T TO BE WA/E TIME IF WE TELL EA* O!R HONE/LY & AS 
CLE>LY AS WE CAN :AT \R IDEALS >E1 IF WE HAVE ANY1 OR CONFESS TO \R HAV+ 
NONE IF ?AT IS ! CASE4 ,WE >E 5GAG$ 9 A COMMON ADV5TURE = ! PRES5T1 
! DE/RUCTION ABOLITION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 
[N]%IP OR MONOPOLY ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION2 ! ATTA9M5T ( 
?AT IMM$IATE 5D WILL BR+ AB\T SU* A PRODIGI\S & 
OV]:ELM+ ,*ANGE 9 ,SOCIETY1 ?AT ?OSE ( US ) A GRA9 ( IMAG9ATION 9 
!M CANNOT HELP SPECULAT+ AS TO H[ WE %ALL LIVE !N3 & ! 
EXPRESSION ( ! RESULTS ( \R SPECULATIONS1 ( \R HOPES & 
FE>S WILL C]TA9LY GIVE \R FRI5DS & ASSOCIATES SOME 9SI<T 9TO \R 
*>ACT]S1 & TEMP]AM5TS1 WILL MAKE US KN[ EA* O!R BETT]2 & ?AT 9 
TURN WILL SAVE MU* FRICTION & LOSS ( TIME1 WILL 9 %ORT MAKE US BETT] 
FRI5DS2 TO COME SOMETIMES FROM \T ( ! H$GE ( P>TY =MULAS 
& %[ EA* O!R \R REAL DESIRES & HOPES \<T TO BE SOME?+ ( A 
SAFEGU>D AGA9/ ! BESETT+ DANG]S ( 
P$ANTRY :I* BESETS ! 9TELLECTUAL SIDE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T & ! 
DANG] ( MA*9E POLITICS :I* BESETS ITS PRACTICAL & WORK-A-DAY 
SIDE4 

 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT AS SOME ( Y\ MAY ?9K 
?AT HAVE ANTICIPAT$ MY PAP] MU/ NECESS>ILY UND] !SE CONDITIONS 
TAKE A P]SONAL *>ACT] & BE SOME:AT EGOI/ICAL4 ,I DO NOT (F] AN APOLOGY 
= ?AT BUT ,I MAY (F] #b AN EXPLANATION4 ,I HAVE HAD SOME #ee YE>S EXP]I5CE1 ,I 
WON'T SAY ( ! WORLD1 BUT ( MYSELF2 ! RESULT ( :I* IS ?AT ,I AM ALMO/ 
PREP>$ TO D5Y ?AT !RE IS SU* A ?+ AS AN 9DIVIDUAL HUMAN BE+3 ,I 
HAVE F\ND \T ?AT MY VALUABLE SK9 COV]S SAY AB\T A DOZ5 P]SONS1 :O 9 
SPITE ( !IR LONG ALLIANCE DO OCCASIONALLY A/ONI% EA* O!R V]Y MU* BY 
!IR /RANGE & UNACC\NTABLE VAG>IES2 BY !IR PR(\ND WISDOM1 !IR 
EXTREME FOLLY1 !IR HEI<T ( ELEVATION1 & !IR DEP? ( BAS5ESS4 ,SO ?AT 
?\< IT MAY BE POSSIBLE ?AT ! COMPLEX ANIMAL :O HAS N[ ! PLEASURE ( 
ADDRESS+ Y\ HAS NOT HIS D\BLE 9 ! WORLD1 7?\< ,I DECL9E TO ADMIT ?AT 
ALSO7 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE BUT ?AT SOME ( ! M5 9SIDE MY 
SK9 :O GO TO MAKE UP ?AT COMPLEXITY >E BUT TYPES ( MANY O!RS 9 
! WORLD1 & ! PROBABLY EV5 SOME ( ?OSE >E 9 ?IS 
ROOM AT PRES5T4 ,SO ?AT :5 ,I TELL Y\ ( MY SO CALL$ P]SONAL 
DESIRES = & HOPES ( ! FUTURE ! VOICE IS M9E1 BUT ! DESIRES & 
HOPES >E NOT ONLY M9E1 BUT >E ?OSE (1 ,I REALLY ?9K1 MANY O!RS1 & Y\ 
AS PRACTICAL M51 AS ,I HOPE Y\ >E1 CANNOT AF=D TO DISREG>D !M4    

 ,N[ ,I WILL ASK :AT CREATES DRAWS M5 9TO ! ,SOCIALI/ 
RANKS AT ?IS /AGE ( ! MOVEM5T8 ,I MEAN ( C\RSE :AT MAKES 
!M G5U9E SOCIALI/S4 ,I DO 
NOT ?9K IT CAN BE ANY HOPE ( P]SONAL ADVANCEM5T2 SU* HOPES W\LD BE MU* 
TOO WILD TO BE 5T]TA9$ BY ANYONE :O HAD WITS 5\< TO FE$ HIMSELF 
) A =K2 = ! MO/ SANGU9E ( US KN[ ?AT !RE WILL BE 
SU* HEAPS ( TR\BLE ( ONE K9D OR ANO!R BE=E ! FIR/ S]I\S BL[ HAS 
GOT ANY REASON AT ALL \T ( ! MONOPOLI/S1 ?AT M]E TR\BLE IS PRETTY 
C]TA9 TO BE P>T ( \R REW>D = D>+ TO HOPE ?AT SOCIETY CAN 
BE IMPROV$4 ,IS IT 9TELLECTUAL CONVICTION D$UC$ FROM ! /UDY ( PHILOSOPHY 
OR FROM ?AT ( POLITICS OR ECONOMICS 9 ! AB/RACT8 ,I SUPPOSE ?AT !RE >E 
MANY PEOPLE :O ?9K ?AT ?IS HAS BE5 ! MEANS ( !IR CONV]SION2 BUT ON 
REFLECTION !Y WILL SURELY F9D ?AT ?IS WAS ONLY ! ITS 
SECOND /AGE ( !IR CONV]SION3 ! FIR/ /AGE MU/ HAVE 
BE5 ! OBS]VATION ?AT !RE IS A #c GREAT DEAL ( SUFF]+ 9 ! WORLD ?AT 
MI<T BE DONE AWAY )4 ,?AT IS ,I ?9K ! FIR/ ?+ ?AT DRAWS A MAN 
T[>D ! SOCIALI/S1 :E!R HE FEELS ! SUFF]+ 9 HIS [N P]SON1 & 
BECOMES CONSCI\S ( A WRONG DONE TO HIM BY :AT WE N[ CALL SOCIETY2 A WRONG 
:I* IS NOT ACCID5TAL BUT CAN BE FIX$ ON A C]TA9 SET ( EV5TS2 OR :E!R 
HE HIMSELF IS UNCONSCI\SLY ONE ( ?OSE :O DO ! WRONG1 BUT HAS ! ORD9>Y 
GOOD-NATUR$ WI% :I* ANY ONE :O IS NOT A M]E ILL-CONDITION$ BLACKG>D 
WILL HAVE1 TO SEE ALL M5 AS HAPPY AS !Y CAN BE4  

,N[ 9 ?IS RESPECT ! CORPORATION :I* ,I CALL ,I IS NOT AT ALL PECULI>3 
FROM ! E>LIE/ TIME ?AT ,I CAN REMEMB] CAT*+ MYSELF ?9K+ 7AN 
OP]ATION :I* ALL HEAL?Y @& HAPPY Y\NG PEOPLE AVOID AS MU* AS POSSIBLE7 
! ?\<T WAS FROM TIME TO TIME ?RU/ UPON ME ?AT ! GREAT] P>T ( 
PEOPLE W]E ILL-F$ ILL-CLAD ILL-H\S$ OV]WORK$1 & AS A CONSEQU5CE NA/Y 
& DISAGREEABLE4 ,!SE ?\<TS MADE ME UNCOM=TABLE & DISC\RAG$ & TOOK 
! FLAVOR \T ( MY AMUSEM5TS & MY WORK 7!RE WAS NOT MU* DI/9CTION 
BETWE5 ! TWO7 SO ( C\RSE ,I ?RU/ !M ASIDE AS MU* AS ,I C\LD4 ,YET ,I WAS 
CONSCI\S ?AT ,I WAS ACT+ A %ABBY P>T 9 DO+ SO1 = ,I WAS NOT SU* A 
FOOL AS NOT TO SEE CLE>LY ?AT !SE DEGRAD$ P]SONS ?AT CAME BETWE5 ME & 
MY PLEASURE HAD NOT DEGRAD$ !MSELVES1 & ?AT CONSEQU5TLY !RE 
WAS SOME?+ OR O!R :I* A /RONG & HONE/ MAN C\LD ATTACK4 ,9 ALL ?IS 
!RE WAS NO?+ PECULI>3 Y\ W\LD SAY ?AT A NATURAL S5SE ( ! 9JU/ICE 
( \R ,SOCIETY WAS GR[+ UP 9 ME1 AS IT HAS SURELY 9 MANY O!RS ( MY 
CLASS & CONDITION4 ,BUT 9 :AT FOLL[$ ,I WAS P]HAPS PECULI>4 ,I WAS 
9DIFF]5T HONE/1 ,I WAS BY NO MEANS /RONG2 = ,I MU/ TELL Y\ ?AT ONE ( 
?OSE P]SONS 9SIDE MY SK9 IS ! PEACEABLE/1 & ANO!R ! 
LAZIE/ ( ALL P]SONS --  9 ?AT AGA9 ,I AM NOT PECULI>4 
ILLEGIBLE ,SO IT IS PROBABLE ?AT ?AT RIS+ S5SE ( 
9JU/ICE W\LD HAVE BE5 DAMP$ D[N TILL ,I HAD GR[N OLD 5\< @& T\< 
5\< TO BE> IT EASILY3 BUT SOME?+ HAPP5$ TO ME ?AT PREV5T$ 
?AT4 ,?\< MY WORK WAS PRETTY MU* MY AMUSEM5T1 
?\<YET IT WAS S]I\S 5\< TO ME3 ,I D>ESAY 
SOME ( Y\ #d W\LD BE A/ONI%$ IF Y\ C\LD UND]/& ! PLEASURE IT HAS 
GIV5 ME2 BUT AT LA/ IT GAVE ME P]HAPS AS KE5 A PA94 ,IT WAS A BIG JOB ?AT 
,I HAD TAK5 9 H&2 NO LESS ?AN ! REG5]ATION ( POPUL> >T AS IT US$ TO 
BE CALL$4 ,I WAS NOT FULLY CONSCI\S H[ BIG A JOB IT WAS = A LONG TIME2 
?\< ,I WAS FULLY CONSCI\S ( ! COMPLETE DEGRADATION ( ! >TS 9 
G5]AL4 ,WELL ! TIME CAME :5 ,I F\ND \T ?AT ?OSE UNPLEASANT ?\<TS 
AB\T ! GREAT] P>T ( ! POPULATION W]E 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) ! 
V]Y ESS5CE ( MY WORK1 & AT LA/ ?AT ,I HAD UND]TAK5 A 
QUITEJOB QUITE IMPOSSIBLE JOB 
UND] ! PRES5T CONDITIONS ( LIFE4 ,Y\ MAY WELL ?9K ?AT ,I DID NOT COME TO 
?AT CONCLUSION ALL AT ONCE2 9 FACT ,I TRI$ TO WRIGGLE \T ( IT = A LONG 
TIME TILL AT LA/ ,I WAS P9N$1 & !RE WAS ! GREAT] P>T GONE ( MY 
PLEASURE 9 MY WORK3 :I* 9DE$ WAS A S]I\S MATT] = ME1 S9CE ,I C>$ 
= IT SO MU* & SO HE>TILY4 ,WELL ,I CANNOT TELL Y\ :E!R IT WAS AB\T 
?IS TIME ?AT ,I FIR/ HE>D ( SOCIALISM AS A DEF9ITE MOVEM5T1 BUT ,I KN[ 
?AT ,I HAD COME TO !SE CONCLUSIONS A GOOD DEAL ?R\< READ+ 
! ,JOHN ,RUSK9'S WORKS1 & ?AT ,I FOCUS$ SO TO SAY HIS 
VIEWS ON ! MATT] ( MY WORK & MY RIS+ S5SE ( 9JU/ICE1 PROBABLY MORE 
?AN HE 9T5D$1 & ?AT ! RESULT ( ALL ?AT WAS ?AT ,I WAS QUITE READY 
= ,SOCIALISM :5 ,I CAME ACROSS IT 9 A DEF9ITE =M1 AS A POLITICAL P>TY 
) DI/9CT AIMS = ! A REVOLUTION 9 SOCIETY4 ,MY 
POSITION !N :I* ,I AM SURE HAS BE5 & IS ! POSITION ( MANY O!RS1 WAS 
PR(\ND DISCONT5T ) ! :OLE ( MOD]N LIFE1 A FEEL+ ( ! DEADLY 
SICKNESS ( ! WORLD ( CIVILIZATION1 :I* IF ,I C\LD HAVE F\ND NO \TLET 
= IT W\LD HAVE RESULT$ 9 %E] PESSIMISM1 AS ,I ?9K IT (T5 DOES4 ,?AT 
\TLET AS Y\ KN[ ,I F\ND1 & ,I WAS H9D]$ FROM COM+ TO ! 
CONCLUSION ?AT ! >T TO :I* ,I HAD DEVOT$ MYSELF WAS A M]E IDLE FOLLY1 
?AT ,I MU/ GO ON ) P>TLY BECAUSE ,I KNEW NO O!R WAY ( E>N+ MY 
LIVELIHOOD1 P>TLY BECAUSE ,I MU/ HAVE SOME?+ MORE OR LESS PLEASANT TO DO ON 
SOME T]MS OR O!R4 ,I BECAME A ,MY ,SOCIALISM BEGAN :]E ?AT 
#e ( SOME O!RS 5D$1 ) AN 9T5SE DESIRE = COMPLETE EQUALITY ( CONDITION 
= ALL M52 = ,I SAW & AM /ILL SEE+ ?AT )\T ?AT EQUALITY1 :ATEV] 
ELSE ! HUMAN RACE MI<T GA9 IT W\LD AT ALL EV5TS HAVE TO REL9QUI% >T 
& IMAG9ATIVE LIT]ATURE1 & ?AT TO MY TEMP]AM5T DID & DOES IMPLY ! 
REAL DEA? ( MANK9D --  ! SECOND DEA?4 ,( C\RSE ) ! 
LONG+ = EQUALITY W5T ! P]CEPTION ( ! NECESSITY = ! 
ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY2 SO ?AT ,I BECAME A ,COMMUNI/ BE=E ,I KNEW 
ANY?+ AB\T ! HI/ORY ( ,SOCIALISM OR ITS IMM$IATE AIMS4 ,& ,I HAD TO SET 
TO WORK TO READ BOOKS DECID$LY DI/A/EFUL TO ME1 & TO DO WORK :I* ,I 
?\<T MYSELF QUITE UNFIT =1 NOT9 .<SIC.> GET MYSELF 
9TO ABSURD MESSES & QU>REL LIKE A S*OOLBOY ) PEOPLE ,I LIK$ 9 
ORD] TO BECOME A PRACTICAL ,SOCIALI/ --  :I* RANK ,I HAVE NO D\BT SOME 
( Y\ DON'T ?9K ,I HAVE GA9$ YET4 ,BUT ALL ?AT DID NOT MATT] BECAUSE ,I HAD 
ONCE AGA9 FITT$ A HOPE TO MY WORK & C\LD TAKE MORE ?AN ALL ! OLD 
PLEASURE 9 IT2 MY BITT]NESS DISAPPE>$ & --  9 %ORT ,I WAS BORN 
AGA94   

,N[ ,I REPEAT ?AT ,I W\LD NOT HAVE SAID A WORD ( ALL ?IS1 BUT ?AT ,I KN[ 
?AT :AT HAS HAPP5$ TO ME HAS HAPP5$ TO O!R PEOPLE ?\< NOT QUITE 9 
! SAME WAY4 ,WE1 7,I WILL SAY WE N[7 >E ALIVE 9 ! WORLD & NOT 9 ! 
LEA/ PESSIMI/S1 BUT WE >E MO/ SORELY DISCONT5T$ ) ALL ?+S AS !Y 
>E1 EXCEPT ! B>E ELEM5TS ( LIFE1 & ! HOPE = ! FUTURE :I* WE 
HAVE SOMEH[ OR O!R GOT 9TO \R HEADS4  

,WE >E ALIVE & WE CAN TAKE ! KE5E/ PLEASURE 9 ALL ?OSE ELEM5TS ( 
LIFE :I* ! B>B>IAN HAS !9 FULL MEASURE 
( BUT :I* CIVILIZATION HAS 9 A MEASURE 
L>GELY DEPRIV$ US (3 ! S5SU\S PLEASURES ( LIFE IS ! 
TE*NICAL WORD = !M2 OR %ALL ,I SAY ! 9NOC5T S5SU\S PLEASURES8 
,E4G4 ,WE KEEP \R EYES 9 \R HEADS & TAKE 9 IMPRESSIONS ?R\< 
!M2 :]EAS CIVILIZATION BIDS US PUT !M 9 \R POCKETS1 & IS MO/LY 
OBEY$4 ,& IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT !RE IS REASON 9 ?IS S9CE ,CIVILIZATION IS 
SU* A F\L SLUT1 & :]EV] %E CAN MANAGE IT GIVES US NO?+ PLEASANT TO 
LOOK #f AT1 SO ?AT WE >E DRIV5 TO HAVE TO ?ANK H]1 LIKE MY FRI5D ,%AW1 = 
! WREA?S ( /EAM :I* FLOAT FROM ! FUNNEL ( A LOCOMOTIVE2 AT ALL EV5TS 
:5 IT IS !Y >E NOT DEFIL$ BY ! SMOKE ( ! 
COAL :I* ! ,COMPANY HAS NO BUS9ESS TO BURN BUT :I* IT G5]ALLY DOES4 
,H[EV] 9 FROM SU* ?+S 
IMPRESSIONS1 WE TAKE \R PLEASURE AS WELL AS \R PA92 BUT !RE IS 
SO MU* PA9 9 !M ?AT ON ! :OLE !Y DO BUT ADD TO \R DISCONT5T2 = 
AS ?+S GO :ATEV] WE SEE ALMO/ HAVE HAS SOME 
%>E ( ?AT SICKNESS 9 !MIT1 & WE LONG & 
LONG TO BETT] !M!SE ?+S3 WE CANNOT LOOK 
UPON ! WORLD M]ELY AS IF IT W]E AN IMPRESSIONI/ PICTURE1 OR BE PLEASANTLY 
SATISFI$ ) SOME RU9\S PIECE ( PICTURESQUE :I* IS BUT ! 5VELOPE = 
DULLNESS & FAM9E4 ,BUT !RE AGA9 COMES 9 \R HOPE3 = IF WE LIVE 9 ! 
PRES5T ON SU* CRUMBS AS WE CAN PICK UP AMID ! G5]AL WA/E & RU91 WE 
LIVE G5]\SLY 5\< 9 ! FUTURE2 & ONE P>T ( \R PLEASURE 9 ! 
ORD9>Y LIFE ( TODAY1 ! LIFE ( ! FIELDS! ANIMAL 
LIFE ,I MEAN & ! GO+S ON 9 FIELD & FLOOD & SKY & ! RE/ ( 
IT1 COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT WE SEE 9 !M ! ELEM5TS ( :I* ! LIFE ( 
! FUTURE WILL BE BUILT UP F> MORE ?AN ( ! ?\<T ( TO DAY1ITS 
LIT]ATURE1 ITS SO-CALL$ >T1 ITS SO-CALL$ SCI5CE4   

,9 SUM \R HOPE IS SO G5]\S ?AT :ATEV] !RE IS :I* IS DI/9CTIVE 
( ! SICKNESS ( CIVILIZATION WILL DISAPPE> BE=E \R REGA9$ 
FRE$OM3 :AT WE AIM AT1 :AT! PURPOSE = :I*WE WANT TO USE ! 
9/RUM5T ( ! TRANSITION1 888888 :I* IS :AT SOME UND]/& BY ! WORD 
,SOCIALISM IS NO M]E RECTIFICATION ( \R PRES5T SOCIETY1 BUT ! CON/RUCTION 
( A NEW SOCIETY 9 :I* WE %ALL ADORE :AT WE US$ TO BURN1 & BURN :AT WE 
US$ TO ADORE4  

,H[ %ALL WE LIVE !N8 
,:ATEV] SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE WE MAY COME TO1 H[EV] JU/LY WE 
MAY >RANGE ! RELATIONS ( M5 TO ONE ANO!R WE %ALL NOT BE HAPPY UNLESS WE 
LIVE LIKE GOOD ANIMALS1 UNLESS WE 5JOY ! EX]CISE ( ! ORD9>Y FUNCTIONS 
( LIFE3 EAT+ SLEEP+ LOV+ WALK+ RUNN+ SWIMM+ RID+ SAIL+ WE MU/ 
BE 9 ! HABIT (FREE TO 5JOY+ 
ALL !SE EX]CISES ( ! BODY )\T ANY S5SE ( %AME2 )\T ANY 
#g SUSPICION ?AT \R M5TAL P[]S >E SO REM>KABLE & GODLIKE ?AT WE >E 
RA!R ABOVE SU* COMMON ?+S4  ,ALSO ,I WILL SAY 9 ! TEE? ( ! V]Y 
NATURAL REPULSION TO BODILY LABOR ?AT \R PRES5T CONDITIONS =CE UPON US WE 
MU/ BE /RONG & HEAL?Y 5\< TO 5JOY BODILY LABOR1 A GOOD /\T WRE/LE 
) ! =CES ( NATURE :I* WILL MAKE US FEEL \R P[]4 ,I DO E4G4 HOPE 
MO/ S9C]ELY ?AT WE %ALL MANAGE NOT TO .<BE.> SO DRIV5 = ! PRODUCTION ( 
FOOD AS NOT TO ALL[ \RSELVES ! PLEASURE ( GETT+ 9 ! H>VE/ BY H&1 
OR1 A GREAT MANY ( US1 RAIS+ \R [N PO!RBS1 ( C\RSE ) DUE KN[L$GE 
& SKILL4 7,ALSO ,I %\LD HOPE ?AT WE %\LD NOT F9D IT NECESS>Y TO %ORT5 
\R LIVES AS WE DO N[ BY SP5D+ A GREAT P>T ( !M 9 ! CONDITION ( 
P>CELS S5T FROM ONE PLACE TO ANO!R4 ,I HOLD ?AT GO+ FROM ONE PLACE TO 
ANO!R 7ON ! SURFACE 
( ! E>?7 ISMAY BE MADE BY NO MEANS A 
WA/E ( TIME IF WE DON'T DO IT AS P>CELS1 ESPECIALLY IF ONE CAN BE 
HAPPY 5\< NOT TO ?9K ON ! ROAD4 ,9DE$ EV5 :5 ,I AM S5T ON 
AS A P>CEL ,I DO MY BE/ TO GET MY EYES \T ( ! BR[N PAP] SOMETIMES47 ,N[ 
ALL ?IS W\LD MEAN ?AT ! \R VIEWS ON ! SUBJECT ( 
$UCATION W\LD HAVE TO *ANGE SOME:AT3 ! EQUIPM5T = LIFE ON ! 
NEW T]MS W\LD NOT & C\LD NOT BE ! SAME AS ON ! OLD3 IT IS TRUE ?AT 
! CAPACITIES = DEAL+ PROP]LY ) ! BODILY SIDE ( LIFE W\LD GR[ TO 
BE A K9D ( HABIT3 /ILL ,I SUPPOSE EXCEPT AMONG ! ,S\?-SEA ISL&S & SU* 
LIKE PLACES M5 HAVE TO 8888 LE>N SWIMM+1 & EXCEPT 9 ! 
,PAMPAS1 RID+4 ,& ,I CANNOT EASILY CONCEIVE A LAD KN[+ H[ TO DIG & 
PL[ & REAP & S[ )\T LE>N+1 AL?\< ?AT LE>N+ 
W\LD NOT BE GA9$ 9 ! TE*NICAL S*OOL ME?OD1 BUT AS APPR5TICES LE>N 
:5 IT IS ANYBODY'S BUS9ESS TO TEA* !M4 ,BESIDES ,I ?9K MO/ PEOPLE W\LD 
WANT TO LE>N TWO OR ?REE ( ! ELEM5T>Y CRAFTS :E!R !Y 9T5D$ TO 
PRACTICE !M AS A MA9 OCCUPATION OR NOT1 SMI?Y+ C>P5T]+ 7NOT 
CAB9ETMAK+7 & MASON'S OR BRICKLAY]S WORK1 ,I AM ?9K+ AB\T1 & ?AT 
W\LD NE$ DEF9ITE 9/RUCTION1 LA/+ SOME TIME4 ,V>I\S M9OR >TS LIKE 
#h COOK+ & SEW+ W\LD BE LE>N$ V]Y EASILY BY *ILDR5 :5 !Y >E V]Y 
Y\NG2 & !Y AGA9 W\LD MEAN LITTLE MORE ?AN ! 
EXP]IM5T GA9+ ( AN EASILY ACQUIR$ HABIT4  ,H]E 
!N,! $UCATION SET ON FOOT WE %\LD HAVE 
FIR/ A GREAT BODY ( \T-DOOR OCCUPATIONS1DEAL+ ) 
WORK NECESS>Y TO BE DONE 9 SOME WAY OR O!R1 
AGREEABLE TO HEAL?Y @& /RONG P]SONS1 & CAPABLE ( 
DEVELOP+ BE+ DONE EXCELL5TLY1 ?AT IS ( 
DEVELOP+ REAL PLEASURE 9 ! DO+1 SOME ( !M P]HAPS TO BE DONE BY 
9DIVIDUAL EF=T WORK BUT MO/ BY MEANS ( COOP]ATIVE 
EF=T2 & ALL ! P>TS ( !M 9 :I*8888 88888 EXCELL5CE WAS NOT POSSIBLE TO BE MU* DEVELOP$ 
8888 C\LD BE DONE ) LITTLE EF=T1 ALMO/ AS A 
HABIT3 ,ADD TO !SE OCCUPATIONS A FEW ( :AT = %ORTNESS ,I W\LD CALL 
9DOOR WORK1 & Y\ 
WILL HAVEALSO 7AN IMPORTANT ADDITION7 :AT WE CALL >T1 9 
:I* ,I W\LD 9CLUDE BESIDE ! PLA/IC & DECORATIVE >TS 
IMAG9ATIVE & MEASUR$ LIT]ATURE & ! PURSUAL ( KN[L$GE = ITS [N 
SAKE1 &:I* ,I ?9K WILL GIVE Y\ WILL HAVE 
.<SIC.> ALLMO/ ( ! OCCUPATIONS NECESS>Y = A HAPPY 
COMMUNITY3 & = ! LIFE ( ME ,I CANNOT SEE :Y WE %\LD BO!R \RSELVES 
) OCCUPATIONS :I* >E UNNECESS>Y4  ,LET ME TRY IF ,I CANNOT 
>RANGE !SE NECESS>Y OCCUPATIONS 9 GR\PS A LITTLE MORE 
SY/EMATICALLY ADD+ SOME FEW P]HAPS D\BTFUL ONES4   

#a/4 ,! OP5 AIR >TS2 7,I HAD BETT] CALL !M >TS AT ONCE1 BECAUSE TO MY 
M9D ALL WORK :I* IS DONE BY A MAN 9 ! C\RSE ( ! DUE 
EX]CISE ( HIS FACULTIES & !RE=E PLEASURABLY IS AN >T47  

,AGRICULTURE & ITS K9DR$ >TS2 ,G>D5+1 ,FI%+1 ,BUT*]+1 ,%IP 
@& BOAT-SAIL+4 ,DRIV+ C>TS1 TRA9S1 OMNIBUSES & ! LIKE 7A 
CROSS DIVISION H]E ) DI/RIBUTION74 ,! HABITS ( SWIMM+1 GOOD WALK+ 
@& RUNN+1 & RID+ W\LD BE MIX$ UP ) !SE1 & ALSO AN HABITUAL 
KN[L$GE ( ! WAYS & MANN]S ( NON-HUMAN BEA/S4   

,N[ AS WE %ALL LIVE !N ,I DECL>E ?AT ANYBODY :O DID NOT TAKE A 
PLEASURABLE 9T]E/ 9 !SE SOME P>T ( !SE >TS & WAS 
NOT CAPABLE ( WORK+ 9 !M1 W\LD HAVE TO BE CONSID]$ AS A DISEAS$ 
P]SON --  SOME?+ LESS ?AN A MAN1A BURD5 ON ! COMMUNITY4"9  

#bND4 ,! DOME/IC >TS3 ,! >RANGEM5T ( A H\SE9 ALL ITS  
DETAILS ,CLEAN+ ,M>KET+ ,COOK+ BAK+ @& SO ON2 SEW+ ) ITS  
NECESS>Y CONCOMITANT ( EMBROID]Y & SO =?4 ,ONCE MORE :OEV] WAS  
#i 9CAPABLE ( TAK+ 9T]E/ & A %>E 9 SOME P>TS ( SU* WORK  
W\LD HAVE TO BE CONSID]$ DISEAS$2 & ! EXI/5CE ( MANY SU*  
DISEAS$ P]SONS W\LD T5D TO ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ! WEAK] SEX4 

#cRD4 ,! BUILD+ >TS3 ,MASONS1 BRICKLAY]S1 SMI?S1 C>P5T]S 
@& ! LIKE & ALSO ! PLANN]S ( BUILD+S1 5G9E]S1 & SO 
=?4 ,( !SE >TS :AT WE N[ CALL >T1 I4E4 DECORATION1 APPEALS TO ! 
PLEASURE ( ! EYE 9TELLECT ?R\< ! EYESI<T1 
W\LD =M A NECESS>Y & 9TEGRAL P>T2 !RE=E POSSIBILITIES ( EXCELL5CE 
W\LD H]E RUN HI<1 & CONSEQU5TLY ONLY ?OSE W\LD TAKE A P>T 9 !M :O 
HAD SOME FACULTY = CREATION1 AS ,I BELIEVE MO/ FREE M5 HAVE2 BUT D\BTLESS !RE 
W\LD BE SOME LACK+ ?IS FACULTY OR POSSESS+ ITSELF BUT 
LITTLE ( IT1 :O W\LD PREF] ! R\<] >TS ABOVE M5TION$2 BUT AS !Y 
W\LD BE DO+ SOME !IR %>E ( ! NECESS>Y WORK & ) 
PLEASURE1 !Y W\LD NOT BE 9JUR+ ANY ONE BY DISEASE4 ,= ! RE/ IT IS 
CLE> ?AT !SE >TS >E COOP]ATIVE 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE1 NO ONE NECESS>Y 
P]SON'S WORK BE+ REALLY SEP>ABLE FROM ! :OLE MASS ( IT4   

#d?4 ,! WORK%OP >TS WEAV+1 POTT]Y1 DYE+1 PR9T+ 
7TEXTILES & BOOK7 ETC4 ,9TO MO/ ( !SE ALSO >T W\LD 5T] & MU* 
! SAME ?+ IS TO BE SAID ( !SE AS ( ! LA/ GR\P4 ,9 CASES :]E >T 
C\LD NOT BE AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! WORK IT W\LD IF IT 
TURN$ \T TO BE NECESS>Y WORK IT W\LD HAVE TO BE DONE BY MA*9ES AS NE>LY 
AUTOMATIC AS POSSIBLE2 BUT ,I %\LD CONSID] IT A MATT] ( C\RSE ?AT 
IF ?OSE :O T5D$ SU* MA*9ES W\LD HAVE 
DO O!R WORK AT ONCE MORE PLEASURABLE & MORE RESPONSIBLE2 & :ATEV] 
DRUDG]Y( ?IS SORT WE C\LD DO )\T WE %\LD DROP AT ONCE4 

#e?4 ,! DISAGREEABLE >TS4 ,I WILL ASSUME ?AT 
?\< ,I AM NOT SURE ?AT IT IS SO1 ?AT !RE >E W\LD BE 
SU* 9DISP5SABLE >TS1 & !N PROCE$ TO DIVIDE !M 9TO3 

A4 ,! R\< DISAGREEABLE >TS4 
B4 ,! SMOO? DISAGREEABLE >TS4 

,BY ! FIR/ ,I MEAN SU* MATT]S OCCUPATIONS AS M9+1 
SK9DRESS+1 SCAV5G]+1 & SO ON4 ,BY ! SECOND ,I MEAN --  WELL 
QUILL-DRIV+ ( ! LESS AMUS+ K9D1 CL]KS WORK1 #a (FICIAL SAUNT]+ @& 
SO ON4 ,( BO? !SE GR\PS ,I SAY ! SAME ?+2 AS ABOVE1 MA*9ES :]E 
POSSIBLE1 & ! WORK]S TO HAVE O!R OCCUPATION3 BUT ALSO /RICT 9QUIRY AS 
TO :E!R !Y >E NECESS>Y2 & IF NOT1 ABOLITION4   

#f?4 ,! >TS CONC]N+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS2 %IPP+ ( 
GOODS %OPKEEP+ & M>KET-MANAG+ ( ALL K9DS4 ,I D>ESAY IT WILL BE 
POSSIBLE TO F9D PEOPLE :O TO LIKE SU* WORK & LET !M DO 
!IR BE/ AT IT2 BUT ,I AM SURE ?AT !Y WILL F9D DIGG+ @& REAP+1 OR 
EV5 P]HAPS SK9N+ FILL.<8.> MORE LEA!R-DRESS+ RE/FUL TO 
!M3 & SU* RE/ !Y \<T TO HAVE4 

#g?4 ,! F9EOR 9TELLECTUAL >TS3 I4E4 PICTURE 
PA9T+1 SCULPTURE1 & ! LESS] OR REPRODUCTIVE F9E >TS1 SU* AS 
5GRAV+4  ,ALSO IMAG9ATIVE LIT]ATURE1 & ! /UDY ( HI/ORY & NATURE4 
,SOME ( !SE 9 :I* A GOOD DEAL ( ACTUAL MANUAL LABOR1 IS NECESS>Y MI<T 
BE FOLL[$ EXCLUSIVELY2 ! O!RS C]TA9LY NOT2 & EV5 9 ! 
FIR/1 OR MANUAL F9E >TS1 R\<] MANUAL WORK W\LD BE DESIRABLE1 UNLESS 9 
CASES1 IF !RE BE ANY SU*1 7:I* AGA9 ,I D\BT7 :]E EXTREME 
F9ESSE ( H& IS SO NECESS>Y ?AT IT W\LD NOT DO TO R\<5 ! H& BY 
H>D] LABOR4 ,9 ANY CASE ,I FEEL SURE ?AT IT W\LD NOT DO = M5 TO BE 
ABSORB$ 5TIRELY 9 SU* >TS4 ,IT W\LD T5D TO DISEASE1 TO ANTI-SOCIAL HABITS 
:I* W\LD BURD5 ! COMMUNITY ) A NEW SET ( IDL]S1 & 7IF ! O!RS 
W]E SU* FOOLS7 9 ! LONG RUN TO A NEW SET ( MA/]S4   

,BE=E ,I GO FUR!R ,I \<T TO SAY ?AT ?\< ,I DON'T D\BT ?AT A DUE 
AM\NT ( ORGANIZATION & DIRECTION W\LD BE REQUIR$ 9 ALL 
! DIV]SE BRAN*ES ( OCCUPATION ,I AM V]Y F> FROM ?9K+ ?AT IT W\LD BE 
EI!R NECESS>Y OR DESIRABLE TO PRESCRIBE TO PEOPLE :AT OCCUPATION 
!Y %\LD FOLL[2 ,I AM ASSUM+ ONLY ?AT OPPORTUNITY WILL BE AF=D$ = 
PEOPLE TO DO :AT !Y CAN DO WELL1 & ?AT ! WORK AS F> AS ! RELATIONS 
( M5 GO WILL BE VOLUNT>Y2 NATURE WILL BE ! COMPELL]1 9 A S5SE ! ONLY 
5EMY3 YET AN 5EMY ?AT ASKS TO BE VANQUI%$4   

,N[ HAV+ GIV5 Y\ MY IDEAL AS TO ! OCCUPATIONS ( M5 9 A FREE 
COMMUNITY1 ,I HAVE BUT TO ADD MY VIEWS AS TO ! POSSIBILITY ( ITS 
COM BE+ REALIZ$ SOMETIME OR O!R3 IE4 #aa :AT MI<T BE CALL$ ! POLITICAL SIDE ( ! 
QUE/ION4   

,DEC5TRALIZATION & EQUALITY ( CONDITION >E ! NECESS>Y CONCOMITANTS ( 
MY IDEAL ( OCCUPATION3 BUT ,I AM NOT CLE> AS TO :E!R !Y %\LD BE LOOK$ 
ON AS ! CAUSE OR ! EFFECT ( ! /ATE ( ?+S =E%AD[$ BY 
?AT IDEAL4 ,AS TO ! FIR/ ,BUT ,I ?9K1 ?AT GRANT$ ! 
SECOND1 ! FIR/ WILL NOT BE T5D TO COME NATURALLY4 
,DIFFICULT OR IF Y\ PLEASE IMPOSSIBLE1 AS IT MAY BE TO CONCEIVE ( SU* A 
*ANGE AS WILL COME ( ! ABOLITION ( ! GREAT C5TRAL P[] ( 
MOD]N TIMES !  WORLD-M>KET AS WE KN[ IT ) ALL ! +5I\S & 
9TRICATE SY/EM :I* PR(IT HUNT+ ,COMM]CE HAS BUILT UP AB\T IT1 BECAUSE 
( IT & BY MEANS ( IT1 YET AFT] ALL IT MU/ DEVELOP 9TO SOME?+ ELSE1 
& ?AT SOME?+ ELSE CAN H>DLY BE A P]FECT+ ( ITS P]FECTION1 BUT 
RA!R ITS CONTRADICTION1 :I* IS ! CONSCI\S MUTUAL EX*ANGE ( S]VICES 
BETWE5 EQUALS4 ,NAY IF ?+S N[ GO+ ON CAN BE FAIRLY UND]/OOD BY US :O 
LIVE AMONG !M >E !RE NOT SIGNS ( ! COM+ *ANGE ALREADY VISIBLE TO 
US8 ,! ,REPUBLIC ONE & 9DIVISIBLE ( #a YE>S AGO IS PASS+ ?R\< A 
PHASE ( B\RGEOIS CORRUPTION & ! ONLY HOPE ( ,FRANCE IS ?AT IT WILL 
BE ABLE TO9TO COME \T AT ! O!R 5D A ,F$]ATION 
( ,FREE ,COMMUNES4 ,! ,UNITY ( ,G]MANY HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ BUT A FEW YE>S2 
YET H]E >E WE WAIT+ = BUT ONE EV5T1 QUITE C]TA9 TO HAPP5 SOON] OR 
LAT]1 ! DEFEAT ( ! ,G]MAN ,>MY1 TO BREAK IT UP AGA9 9TO A 
F$]ATION ( ,SOCIAL ,REPUBLICS ) SOCIALISM AS ITS AIM4 ,& 
AT HOME ! PR9CIPLE ( ,F$]ATION IS CONC$$ 9 ! MATT] ( ,IREL& BY ALL 
BUT ! /UPIDE/ ( ! REACTION>IES2 :ILE ! ,TORIES !MSELVES1 DRIV5 
ON ,I BELIEVE BY A BL9D FATE1 HAVE GIV5 US 9 ! ,C\NTY ,C\NCILS 
! G]MS ( REVOLUTION>Y LOCAL OPPOSITION TO C5TRALIZ$ REACTION4 ,?US !N 
BE=E C5TRALIZATION IS QUITE COMPLETE EV51 ! *ANGE 
9 ! DIRECTION ( ITS OPPOSITE SEEMS TO HAVE BEGUN1 & ONCE BEGUN WILL 
SURELY GO ON TILL ! NECESS>Y PRACTICAL DEC5TRALIZATION HAS BE5 >RIV$ AT4 
,?AT DEC5TRALIZATION SEEMS TO ME LOOK+ \T FROM \R PRES5T CONDITION TO BE 
NECESS>Y 9 ORD] TO GIVE ALL M5 A %>E 9 ! RESPONSIBILITY ( 
! ADM9I/RATION ( ?+S :I* ,I HOPE TO 
SEEWILL TAKE ! PLACE ( ! GOV]NM5T ( P]SONS3 Y\ 
WILL UND]/& ?AT ,I ADMIT ! POSSIBLE NECESSITY ( A C]TA9 
AM\NT ( ME*ANICAL C5TRALIZATION1 SU* AS A C5TRAL ADM9I/RATION ( 
RAILWAYS 9 SU* & SU* A GEOGRAPHICAL DI/RICT1 :I* AFT] ALL W\LD NOT BE 
C5TRALIZATION BUT ! DIRECT \TCOME ( ,F$]ATION4 

#ab 
,I ALSO ADMIT ?AT ! =M :I* ! DEC5TRALIZATION OR ,F$]ATION WILL 
 TAKE IS B\ND TO BE A MATT] ( EXP]IM5T & GR[?3 :AT !  
UNIT ( ADM9I/RATION IS TO BE1 :AT ! GR\PS ( ,F$]ATION >E TO  
BE2 :E!R OR NO !RE WILL BE ANY CROSS ,F$]ATION AS E4G4 ,CRAFT-GILDS 
 & ,COOP]ATIVE ,SOCIETIES GO+ SIDE BY SIDE ) ! GEOGRAPHICAL  
DIVISION ( W>DS1 COMMUNES1 & ! LIKE -- ALL ?IS IS A MATT] =  
SPECULATION1 & ,I DON'T PRET5D TO PROPHECY AB\T IT4 

,I MAY SAY H[EV] 9 P>5!SIS ?AT MY TEMP]AM5T LEADS ME TO BELIEVE 
?AT WE %ALL BE ABLE TO GET RID ( !ONE \TW>D 
& VISIBLE SIGN ( COMM]CIAL & (FICIAL C5TRALIZATION2 \R GREAT CITIES1 
& CLOSELY PACK$ MANUFACTUR+ DI/RICTS4   

,AS = ! FIR/1 ! GREAT C5T]S LIKE ,LONDON1 ,P>IS @& 
,B]L91 !Y >E SURELY ! \TCOME ( ! DESP]ATE /RUGGLE = LIFE :I* 
COMPETITION UND] MONOPOLY 5G5D]S ON BO? SIDES ! MONOPOLIZ]S & !IR 
SLAVES4 ,!Y >E C\NT+ H\SES ( COMM]CE2 ! JOBB+ H\SES ( 
(FICIALISM2 ! LAIRS = ! BEA/S ( PREY BIG & LITTLE ?AT PREY UPON ! 
FOLLIES & NECESSITIES ( A HUGE MASS ( PEOPLE :O HAVE NO TIME TO F9D \T 
:AT !Y WANT2 & MU/ HAVE ALL !IR W>ES FROM ! BREAD !Y EAT D[N TO A 
NEW NOVEL OR A PLAY AT ! !AT] =C$ UPON !M LIKE A %>P] =CES A 
C>D3 LA/LY !Y >E ! SWEAT+ D5S TO :I* />VATION 
DRIVES UP ! RES]VE >MY ( LABOR]S />VEL+S ( ! 
RE/ ( ! C\NTRY1 SO ?AT !Y MAY EAT A MORSEL ( BREAD :ILE !Y CA/ ! 
DICE DESP]ATELY = ?AT TW5TY MILLION? P>T ( A *ANCE TO ESCAPE FROM ! 
PROLET>IAT :I* IS ! ?9 Y>D ( E>? BETWE5 MOD]N 
SOCIETY & ! VOLCANO IT /&S UPON4 ,I DO NOT D5Y LA/LY ?AT !Y >E ! 
CAMPS TO :I* ! SOLDI]S ( REVOLUTION MU/ FLOCK IF !Y >E IMPELL$ TO DO 
ANY?+ TO FUR!R !IR HOPE BE=E !Y DIE4 ,BUT GRANT$ ! *ANGE ( 
CONDITIONS :I* WE ALL HOPE =1 ( :AT USE WILL 
BE !SE MON/R\S AGGREGATIONS ( CONFUSION8 88 8888888 
888 ,NO CAMP WILL BE NE$$1 = MILITANT SOCIALISM WILL BE OV]3 
88 8888 88 NO MAN WILL HURRY UP TO BE SWEAT$1 = 
HIS DEC5T LIVELIHOOD WILL BE ASSUR$ TO HIM4 ,PEOPLE WILL HAVE LEISURE TO ?9K 
:AT !Y WANT & RES\RCES TO HAVE ! REALITY ( IT2 SO ?AT ! P>ASITES 
#ac ABOVE M5TION$ WILL NOT EXI/1 = !RE 
WILL BE NO C>RION = !M TO FE$ ON4 ,(FICIAL JOBB]Y WILL BE 
DEAD2 & PR(IT-HUNT+ & ITS 8888 WILL NE$ NO C\NT+ 
H\SE OR WILL HAVE TO SEEK IT ( ! ,FA!R ( ,LIES TO :OM IT WILL HAVE 
RETURN$4 ,!RE WILL BE NO USE = ?IS MON/R\S MUCK HEAP 9 :I* WE SWELT] 
TO-DAY4 ,BUT 9 CASE ANYONE %\LD BE 9CL9$ TO REGRET :AT ,I HAVE HE>D 
CALL$ ! /IR & MOVEM5T ( A BIG CITY1 ,I WILL JU/ SAY TWO ?+S3 FIR/1 
?AT 9 ?OSE PO/-MONOPOLY DAYS1 :5 AT ! V]Y LEA/ !RE WILL BE MORE ( 
AN APPROA* TO EQUALITY1 !RE WILL RELATIVELY TO M5 BE MORE 9TELLIG5T & 
?\<TFUL M53 WE DO EV]Y?+ WA/EFULLY N[2 SO IF Y\ WANT A DOZ5 
HI<LY CULTIVAT$ & ?\<TFUL P]SONS Y\ MU/ HAVE #ab PROLET>IANS AT 
!IR BACK 9 ORD] TO PRODUCE ! DUE ELEM5T ( /IR & MOVEM5T = ?OSE 
#ab TREASURES3 AS A PRACTICAL MAN ,I CANNOT APPROVE ( ! PLAN4 ,AGA9 Y\ MU/ 
REMEMB] ?AT ! DULLNESS & MONOTONY ( C\NTRY-LIFE AT PRES5T1 ( :I* 
MANY COMPLA9 7BUT NOT ,I7 IS ! WRONG SIDE ( ! HUBBUB ( T[N LIFE2 S9CE 
! T[N SUCKS ! BLOOD ( ! C\NTRY 9 ALL ?+S3 9 PO/MONOPOLI/ DAYS ,I 
HOPE1 AS ,I HAVE ALREADY SAID ?AT WE %\LD RE=M ?IS4   

,AS = ! GREAT FACTORY DI/RICTS1 IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT !Y ALSO C\LD 
DISAPPE>3 GRANT$ ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE GOODS *EAP] :5 Y\ HAVE 
LABOR & MAT]IAL GA!R$ TOGE!R 9 ! CLOSE/ SPACE POSSIBLE2 ,I AM SURE 
?AT 9 PO/ MONOPOLI/ DAYS WE %\LD HAVE NO :5 ! 0SWORD 
( *EAPNESS0 IS NO LONG] NECESS>Y AS AN (F5SIVE WEAPON AGA9/ O!R 
NATIONS1 WE %\LD COME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT WE MI<T BUY *EAPNESS TOO 
DE>1?AT HELL WAS ALTOGE!R TOO HI< A PRICE = IT & ?AT IT 
W\LD BE WOR? :ILE TO WORK A LITTLE LONG] 9 ORD] TO LIVE 9 A PLEASANT 
PLACE4 ,( C\RSE WE MU/ ALL ADMIT ?AT !SE LA/ C5T]S >E C5T]S ( 
PR(IT-BE>+ MANUFACTURE & HUCK/]+1 BUT ( NO?+ ELSE -- SAVE DIRT4 
,BUT N[ ,I MU/ SAY ?AT ?IS DEC5TRALIZATION ) ALL ! DEC5T LIFE & 
MANLY RESPONSIBILITY ?AT WILL COME ( IT CAN ONLY BE GOT 9 ANY MEASURE 
AT ALL AS A =ECA/ ( ADVANC+ EQUALITY1 & CAN ONLY BE REA*$ 
FULLY :5 WE HAVE ATTA9$ TO PRACTICAL EQUALITY2 ?AT ,EQUALITY IS 9 FACT 
!\R IDEAL4   

#ad 
,9 FACTDE$ ,I CAN ONLY EXPLA9 ! FACT ?AT 
SOME SOCIALI/S DO NOT PUT ?IS BE=E !M /EADILY BY SUPPOS+ ?AT !IR 
EAG] PURSUIT ( ! MEANS HAVE SOME:AT BL9D$ !M TO ! 5D4   

,SURELY !RE >E BUT TWO !ORIES ( SOCIETY2 SLAV]Y ON ! ONE SIDE2 EQUALITY ON 
! O!R4 ,! FIR/ !ORY SUPPOSES ?AT USE MU/ BE MADE ( ! NATURAL 
DIV]SITY ( CAPACITIES 9 M5 TO CULTIVATE A CLASS ( SUP]IOR 
BE+S1 :O >E TO LIVE ON ! LACK1 ! UNHAPP9ESS 9 %ORT1 ( ! 
O!R 9F]IOR CLASS4 ,! SECOND !ORY SAYS1  ?IS 
CULTIVATION MU/ BE UNSATISFI$ AFFAIR1 BECAUSE Y\ CAN BY NO MEANS BE SURE 
?AT :5 Y\ HAVE GOT HOLD ( ! /RONGE/ & CULTIVAT$ HIM 9TO A /RONG]1 Y\ CAN BY 
NO MEANS BE SURE ?AT Y\ HAVE GOT HOLD ( ! BE/2 HE IS ONLY ! /RONGE/ UND] C]TA9 >TIFICIAL 
CONDITIONS :I* Y\ Y\RSELVES HAVE MADE2 & Y\ CAN NEV] TELL H[ MANY F> 
BETT] ?AN HE Y\ HAVE OPPRESS$ 9TO NO?+NESS BY Y\R MA/]FUL FOLLY3 
SATISFY A MAN'S NE$S1 & :AT !RE IS 9 HIM WILL COME \T ( HIM = Y\R 
B5EFIT OR& HIS1 & Y\ CAN'T GET \T ( HIM 
MORE ?AN HE CAN DO4  ,?AT IS :AT COMMUNISM SAYS1 & ! ONLY WAY ,I CAN SEE 
TO TRAV]SE IT IS TO SAY1 ,I 9T5D TO HAVE ?AT MAN = MY PROP]TY1 & ALL 
?AT HE DOES IS M9E1 :E!R IT IS LITTLE OR MU*1 
&ONLY IF HE DOESN'T MAKE MORE ?AN 5\< TO KEEP 
HIMSELF1 HE WILL BE ( NO USE TO ME & ,I WILL KILL HIM AS ,I W\LD AN OLD WORN 
\T HORSE4 ,ANY /AGE BETWE5 !SE TWO !ORIES ,I CAN ONLY UND]/& ON ! 
GR\NDS ?AT ! ANTISLAV]Y MAN IS BRIB+ ! SLAVE [N] TO KEEP HIM QUIET 
UNTIL HE BECOMES TOO WEAK TO RESI/ HAV+ HIS SLAVE TAK5 FROM HIM & MADE 
FREE4 ,AS A TRANSITIONAL /EP ,I SAY NO?+ AB\T IT?IS 
PROCE$+1 AS AN IDEAL ,I CANNOT FAIL TO SEE ?AT IT IS 9COMPLETE @& 
ILLOGICAL4 ,NO O!R IDEAL ON ?IS MATT] ( LIVELIHOOD 9 A PO/-MONOPOLI/ 
COMMUNITY APPE>S TO ME WOR? CONSID]+ ?AN ! SATISFACTION ( EA* MAN'S 
NE$S 9 RETURN = ! EX]CISE ( HIS FACULTIES = ! B5EFIT ( EA* 
& ALL3 TO ME ?IS SEEMS ! ONLY RATIONAL SOCIETY4 ,& ?IS MEANS 
PRACTICAL EQUALITY4 ,= :5 Y\ HAVE SATISFI$ HIS! 
MAN'S NE$S :AT ELSE CAN Y\ DO = HIM8 

#ae ,Y\ WILL SAY D\BTLESS :AT >E HIS 
NE$S8 ,WELL ( C\RSE 9 SU* AN AUDI5CE ,I NE$ NOT DEAL ) ! USUAL 
QUIBBLES ( PEOPLE :O ?9K ?AT WE SOCIALI/S HAVE NEV] ?\<T ( ANY ( 
! DIFFICULTIES :I* >ISE 9 ANYONES M9D :5 SU* QUE/IONS >E />T$4 
,BUT ?OSE ( Y\1 IF !RE >E ANY H]E1 :O ?9K ?AT ONE USEFUL P]SON 
%\LD HAVE 7COMPULSORILY7 A DIFF]5T SCALE ( LIVELIHOOD ?AN ANO!R USEFUL 
P]SON ,I WANT TO PUT A PO9T OR TWO TO Y\ ?AT HAVE OCCURR$ TO ME 7& V]Y 
LIKELY TO Y\ ALSO74 #a/4 - ,GIV5 A POOR COMMUNITY :I* C\LD 
SATISFY ! AV]AGE ELEM5T>Y NE$S ( EA* MAN = FOOD 
CLO!S & %ELT]1 BUT C\LD DO NO?+ ELSE2 W\LD Y\ 
?9K IT RI<T 7OR IDEAL LET US SAY7 = ! SO CALL$ MORE USEFUL MAN TO HAVE 
ANY?+ MOREEXTRA = HIS EXCELL5CE8 ,IF HE 
DID SO1 W\LDN'T HE />VE ! 
O!RS1 S9CE !Y W\LD !N HAVE SO MU* LESS ( NECESS>IES AS HE HAD SO 
MU* MORE8 W\LDN'T !Y BE HIS SLAVES !N1 :ATEV] ! NATURE ( ! 
COMPULSION WAS :I* HE US$8 = !Y CLE>LY W\LDN'T DO IT )\T 
COMPULSION4 ,WELL C>RY IT FUR!R & SUPPOSE ! COMMUNITY 
SOME:AT WEAL?I]1 EV5 QUITE WEAL?Y4 ,!RE IS 
/ILL SURELY A DUE /&>D ( LIVELIHOOD1 ( LEISURE & PLEASURE :I* CAN BE 
UPHELD = ! CITIZ5S 9 G5]AL1 :Y %\LD !Y BE DEPRIV$1 888 
9VOLUNT>ILY AGA9/ !IR WILL ( :AT !Y CAN HAVE IF 
!RE IS A COMPULSION ON !M TO GIVE UP SOME ( ! DESIRABLE ?+S :I* 
!Y HAVE HELP$ TO MAKE TO 888 O!RS :O HAVE ALSO HELP$& 
:AT !Y DESIRE1 ( :AT !Y CAN HAVE IF !Y >E NOT COMPELL$ TO GIVE IT 
UP4 ,EI!R !Y HAVE MORE ?AN !Y NE$1 9 :I* CASE !Y HAD BETT] 
NOT PRODUCE SO MU*1 OR !Y HAVE ONLY AS MU* AS !Y NE$1 & 9 ?AT CASE 
IF !Y >E COMPELL$ TO GIVE UP SOME ( ?AT1 !Y >E NOT FREE M54 ,AGA9 ,I 
SEEM TO SEE ANO!R DRAW-BACK TO ?IS NEW CLASS ( ABILITY3 ,I ASSUME ?AT ALL 
M5'S NE$S WILL BE SATISFI$ ACCORD+ TO ! MEASURE ( ! G5]AL WEAL?3 
WELL ! SUP]IOR MAN WILL HAVE HIS NE$S SATISFI$2 & ONCE AGA9 :AT MORE 
CAN Y\ DO = HIM ?AN SATISFY HIS G5U9E NE$S4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT EV5 AT 
! BE/ :AT HE W\LD DO ) HIS EXTRA PAY W\LD BE TO SURR\ND HIMSELF ) 
EXTRA LUXURIES1 & ?AT ! RESULT ( ?AT AGA9 W\LD BE ! CREATION ( A 
NEW P>ASITICAL & S]VILE CLASS :I* C\LD NOT #af FAIL TO BE AN 9JURY TO ! ,COMMUNITY4 ,9 %ORT ,I 
CAN ?9K ( NO SPECIAL REW>D ?AT Y\ CAN GIVE TO A MAN ( SPECIAL GIFTS BUT 
LIC5SE TO DO H>M TO HIS FELL[ CITIZ5S1 :I* IS A /RANGE REW>D = HAV+ 
BE5 ( SPECIAL S]VICE TO !M4 ,LA/LY REMEMB] ?AT :5 A MAN HAS SPECIAL 
GIFTS ! EX]CISE ( ?OSE SPECIAL GIFTS >E A PLEASURE TO HIM :I* HE WILL 
NOT =EGO IF HE CAN HELP IT2 !RE=E :ILE ON ! ONE H& IT IS UNJU/ & 
UNSOCIAL TO COMPEL ! CITIZ5S TO GIVE UP !IR ORD9>Y ADVANTAGES = ! 
N\RI%M5T ( ?IS ,QUE5 ,BEE1 SO ON ! O!R H& NATURE DOES NOT COMPEL 
!M4 ,:ATEV] IS 9 HIM HE WILL GIVE FREELY IF Y\ LEAVE HIM FREE & PROVIDE 
HIM ) DUE OPPORTUNITY = ! EX]CISE ( HIS FACULTIES4 ,?AT IS IF Y\ LET 
HIM HAVE DUE UNPREC>I\S LIVELIHOOD ) LEISURE @& PLEASURE ACCORD+ TO 
HIS DESIRES1 & ! FREE USE ( RAW MAT]IAL & ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR4 

,O!R ?+S ,I CAN SEE ( ! WAY 9 :I* WE %\LD LIVE !N1 :I* Y\ 
CAN ALSO SEE ,I SUPPOSE3 ! SPL5DOR ( PUBLIC LIFE & ! 
QUIET DIGNITY ( PRIVATE LIFE1 & 9 G5]AL ALL ! REAL PLEASURES :I* 
W\LD COME ( \R BE+ WEAL?Y & NO LONG] RI*2 ( ALL :I* PLEASURES 
D\BTLESS ! GREATE/ W\LD BE N[ SEEMS TO BE A NEGATIVE ONE1 ! 
RELIEF ( NO LONG] LIV+ 9 ONE OR ! O!R ( TWO OPPOS$ CAMPS ( 5EMIES1 
:I* WE FEEL C]TA9 MU/ ONE DAY FALL UPON EA* O!R RU9+ MANY A HOPE & 
MANY A QUIET LIFE 9 ! PROCESS2 :ILE 9 ! MEANTIME E?ICS >E 9 HOPELESS 
CONFUSION & PESSIMISM 9CREASES 9 DAYS :5 WE F9D IT H>D TO WEI< 
VICE & VIRTUES ( UND]/& :AT VICES & VIRTUES 
888MEAN S9CE ! COLLECTIVE CRIME ( CLASS WRONG 
IS SO OV]%AD[+ @& OV]:ELM+4  & \R ,( 
C\RSE ,I DO NOT PRET5D TO HAVE GIV5 ANY?+ LIKE AN 9CLUSIVE ACC\NT 9 
DETAIL ( :AT \R IDEAL ( ! NEW WORLD IS 2 S9CE ,I FEEL ,I HAVE 
BE5 SOME:AT DISJO9T$ 9 :AT ,I HAVE SAID1 ,I WILL V]Y BRIEFLY RUN OV] ! 
PO9TS CONC]N+ :I* ,I MAY DIFF] ) SOME H]E4   

,FIR/ ! *ANGE :5 IT COMES1 & H[EV] IT COMES1 FROM ,MONOPOLY TO ,FRE$OM1 :5 IT IS COMPLETE1 WILL  
MAKE A NEW WORLD = US1 & WILL BE F> GREAT] ?AN ANY *ANGE ?AT  
HAS YET TAK5 #ag PLACE 9 ! WORLD4 

#bND4 -- ,WE MAY HAVE 9 APPE>ANCE TO GIVE UP A GREAT DEAL ( :AT 
WE HAVE BE5 US$ TO CALL MAT]IAL PROGRESS1 9 ORD] ?AT WE MAY BE FRE] 
& HAPPI] & MORE COMPLETELY EQUAL4   

#cRD4 -- ,?IS W\LD BE COMP5SAT$ 7A7 BY \R HAV 
TAK+ MORE PLEASURABLE 9T]E/ 9 ALL ! DETAILS ( LIFE1 
& 7B7 BY \R REGA9+ ! PLEASURE ( ! EYESI<T1 MU* ( :I* 
WE HAVE ALREADY LO/1 & MORE ( :I* WE >E LOS+ EV]YDAY4   

#d?4 -- ,9/EAD ( TOIL+ = SOME BL9D =CE1 A MIXTURE ( 
NECESSITY & NI<TM>E1 WE %\LD BE CONSCI\S ( 
WORK+DO+ USEFUL WORK = \R NEI<BORS :O 
W]E DO+ ! LIKE = US4 ,AS A RESULT !RE W\LD BE NO WA/E ( LABOR1 AS 
USELESS OCCUPATIONS W\LD BE GOT RID ( SPE$ILY4   

#e?4 -- ,WORK 8888?US OBVI\SLY USEFUL1 & ALSO ADAPT$ TO ! CAPACITY (  
! WORK] W\LD MO/LY BE A PLEASANT EX]CISE ( ! FACULTIES2  
NECESS>Y WORK ?AT W\LD O!RWISE BE DRUDG]Y W\LD BE DONE BY  
MA*9]Y OR 9 %ORT SPELLS3 NO ONE BE+ CONDEMN$ TO WORK AT  
UNPLEASANT WORK ALL HIS LIFE4 

#f?4 -- ,AS NO 9C5TIVE TO WORK W\LD BE NE$$ SAVE ITS OBVI\S 
NECESSITY & ! PLEASURE 9VOLV$ 9 IT2 & AS ! DIVISION ( LABOR 9TO 
MORE OR LESS WOR?Y WORK DES]V+ DIFF]5T /&>DS ( LIVELIHOOD 
W\LD CREATE FRE% CLASSES1 5?RALL$ ! ORD9>Y MAN1 & GIVE RISE TO 
P>ASITICAL GR\PS1 !RE W\LD BE NO DIFF]5TIATION ( ! 0REW>D ( 
LABOR04 7,?IS LA/ PHRASE ,I CONSID] A 
BADMISLEAD+ ONE1 9VOLV+ A BEGG+ ( ! 
QUE/ION74 ,I AM AW>E ?AT ?IS IMPLIES ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 

#g?4 - ,NATIONALITIES AS RIVAL CORPORATIONS W\LD HAVE CEAS$ TO 
EXI/ & C5TRALIZATION 9 \R PRES5T S5SE ( ! WORD W\LD GIVE PLACE TO 
,F$]ATION = DEF9ITE PURPOSES ( SMALL UNITS ( ,F$]ATION 
ADM9I/RATION1 SO ?AT ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE NUMB] ( P]SONS MI<T BE 
9T]E/$ 9 PUBLIC AFFAIRS4   

,SOME SU* IDEAL AS ?IS SEEMS TO ME TO BE NE$$ ,I BELIEVE 
WILL BE REALIZ$1 & ,I E>NE/LY HOPE IT WILL BE4 ,WE HAVE BE5 TOLD ?AT ! LOGICAL SEQU5CE ( ! 
DEVELOPM5T ( MAN'S +5UITY WILL 8888 9VOLVE ! GRADUAL 
LOSS ( HIS BODILY FACULTIES1 & ?IS SEEMS PROBABLE3 BUT ! LOGICAL #ah SEQU5CE ( EV5TS IS SOMETIMES 9T]RUPT$ & 
TURN$ ASIDE BY ! HI/ORICAL2 & MY HOPE IS1 ?AT N[ WE KN[1 OR HAVE BE5 
TOLD ?AT WE W]E ONCE HAVE BE5 EVOLV$ FROM UN9TELLIG5T 
G]MS 7OR :ATEV] ! WORD IS7 WE %ALL CONSCI\SLY RESI/ ! REV]SAL ( ! 
PROCESS1 :I* TO SOME SEEMS 9EVITABLE1 & DO \R BE/ TO REMA9 M51 EV5 IF 
9 ! /RUGGLE WE BECOME B>B>IANS2 :I* LATT] FATE ,I MU/ CONFESS W\LD 
NOT SEEM TO ME A V]Y DREADFUL ONE4   

,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,FOOTNOTE 

"9 ,H]E AN EXTRA S5T5CE APPE>S 9 ! TRANSCRIPTION BY ,PAUL ,MEI]1 :I* IS NOT VISIBLE 9 ! ONL9E MANUSCRIPT3 

,IF !RE W]E 
MANY SU* P]SONS IT W\LD T5D TO ! CREATION ( A CLASS ( SLAVES1 
PEOPLE DO+ ! R\<] WORK ( ! WORLD ONLY4 

     
      ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,NOTE 
     
     
       ,TITLE 
     
     

      ,H[ ,%ALL ,WE ,LIVE ,!N8 
     
     
      ,S\RCE 
     

             

,H[ ,%ALL ,WE ,LIVE ,!N8 IS TAK5 FROM ! MANUSCRIPT ( 
            ! LECTURE4 ,! MANUSCRIPT IS AVAILABLE ON ! WEBSITE ( ! 
            ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY1 & WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ 
            BY ,PAUL ,MEI] AS ,AN ,UNPUBLI%$ ,LECTURE BY ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 9 ! ,9/ITUTE'S J\RNAL1 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY1 
            VOL4 ,X,V,I 7#a#i#g#a74 ,9 ! ,M,I,A V]SION1 ,MORRIS'S ADDITIONS & 
            CORRECTIONS TO ! TEXT >E %[N US+ SUP]SCRIPT TEXT & 
            /RIKE-?R\<S4   

     
      ,DELIV]Y 
     
    #a/ ,M>* #ahhi AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,FABIAN ,SOCIETY AT ,BLOOMSBURY ,HALL ,LONDON 
            #cRD ,M>* #ahhi AT A MEET+ ( ! ,HAMM]MI? ,BRAN* ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 
            #b#bND ,JANU>Y #ahi AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,NOR? ,LONDON ,BRAN* ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE = ! ,CLUB ,AUTONOMIE1 #f ,W9DMILL ,/REET1 ,TOTT5HAM ,C\RT ,ROAD1 ,LONDON 
            #bND ,FEBRU>Y #ahi AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,LEICE/] ,RADICAL ,CLUB AT ! ,CLUB ,ROOMS1 ,V9E ,/REET1 ,LEICE/] 
            #bND ,M>* #a#h#i1 ,NOR? ,K5S+TON ,BRAN* ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 ,CL>5DON ,C(FEEE ,TAV]N 
     

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#d1 #bba 3 ,H[ ,%ALL ,WE ,LIVE ,!N8 7MANUSCRIPT ,NOTES7 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,H[ ,%ALL ,WE ,LIVE ,!N8 7MANUSCRIPT ,NOTES7 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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