,H[ ,NONVIOL5CE ,PROTECTS ! ,/ATE ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS ,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 O ,9TRODUCTION #a1#e#i#i ,WORDS2 #a1#d#f#c ,*>ACT]S O ,*APT] #a 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,9EFFECTIVE #e1#d#b#a ,WORDS2 #c#e1#e#e#h ,*>ACT]S O ,*APT] #b 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,RACI/ #g1#b#h#d ,WORDS2 #d#g1#f#a ,*>ACT]S O ,*APT] #c 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,/ATI/ #f1#b#h#i ,WORDS2 #d#a1#g#d#g ,*>ACT]S O ,*APT] #d 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,PATRI>*AL #d1#g#e#g ,WORDS2 #c#a1#f#d ,*>ACT]S O ,*APT] #e 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,TACTICALLY & ,/RATEGICALLY ,9F]IOR #a#a1#h#i#d ,WORDS2 #g#g1#d#h#f ,*>ACT]S O ,*APT] #f 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,DELUD$ #f1#b#b#a ,WORDS2 #d1#b#d ,*>ACT]S O ,*APT] #g 3 ,! ,ALT]NATIVE3 ,POSSIBILITIES = ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ACTIVISM #b1#h#e#b ,WORDS2 #a#h1#f#d#h ,*>ACT]S O ,NOTES #a1#a#d#c ,WORDS2 #g#d1#h ,*>ACT]S ,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 O ,9TRODUCTION "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,?IS BOOK IS D$ICAT$ TO ,SUE ,DANIELS 7#a#i#f-#b#d71 A BRILLIANT ECOLOGI/1 BOLD FEM9I/1 PASSIONATE AN>*I/1 & BEAUTIFUL & C>+ HUMAN BE+ :O NURTUR$ & *ALL5G$ EV]YONE >\ND H]4 ,Y\R BRAV]Y & WISDOM CONT9UE TO 9SPIRE ME1 & 9 ?AT WAY Y\R SPIRIT REMA9S 9DOMITABLE444 444& TO ,GREG ,MI*AEL 7#a#i#f#a-#b#f71 :O EMBODI$ HEAL?1 AS A :OL5ESS ( BE+ & AN 9DEFATIGABLE QUE/ AGA9/ ! POISONS ( \R WORLD1 EV5 9 ! UNHEAL?IE/ ( CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,FROM A BAG ( RAIS9S /OL5 FROM ! PRISON KIT*5 TO ! UNFOLD+ ( MEMORY ON A M\NTA9TOP1 ! GIFTS Y\ HAVE GIV5 ME >E A SALVE & A WEAPON1 & !Y WILL /AY ) ME UNTIL ! LA/ PRISON IS A PILE ( RUBBLE4 ,SPECIAL ?ANKS TO ,MEGAN1 ,PATRICK1 ,C>L1 ,GOPAL1 & ,SUE ,D4 = PRO(READ+ OR GIV+ ME FE$BACK1 & TO ,SUE ,F41 ,JAMES1 ,IRIS1 ,M>C1 ,$I1 ,ALEX&]1 ,JESSICA1 ,ES!R1 & EV]YONE :O CAME TO ! WORK%OPS = CRITICISM VALUABLE TO ?IS SECOND $ITION4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,9TRODUCTION ,9 ,AUGU/ #b#d1 AT ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,CONV]G5CE 9 ,A!NS1 ,OHIO1 ,I P>TICIPAT$ 9 A PANEL DISCUSS+ ! TOPIC ( NONVIOL5CE V]SUS VIOL5CE4 ,PR$ICTABLY1 ! DISCUSSION TURN$ 9TO AN UNPRODUCTIVE & COMPETITIVE DEBATE4 ,I HAD HOP$ ?AT EA* PANELI/ W\LD BE GIV5 A SUB/ANTIAL AM\NT ( TIME TO SPEAK 9 ORD] TO PRES5T \R IDEAS 9 DEP? & TO LIMIT ! LIKELY ALT]NATIVE ( A BACK-&-=? VOLLEY ( CLI*$ >GUM5TS4 ,BUT ! FACILITATOR1 :O WAS ALSO A CONF]5CE ORGANIZ]1 & ON TOP ( ?AT A PANELI/1 DECID$ AGA9/ ?IS APPROA*4 ,BECAUSE ( ! HEGEMONY ADVOCATES ( NONVIOL5CE EX]T1 CRITICISMS ( NONVIOL5CE >E EXCLUD$ FROM ! MAJOR P]IODICALS1 ALT]NATIVE M$IA1 & O!R =UMS ACCESS$ BY ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS4.<#a.> ,NONVIOL5CE IS MA9TA9$ AS AN >TICLE ( FAI?1 & AS A KEY TO FULL 9CLUSION )9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS & ANTI-CAPITALI/S :O SUGGE/ OR PRACTICE MILITANCY SUDD5LY F9D !MSELVES AB&ON$ BY ! SAME PACIFI/S !Y'VE JU/ M>*$ ) AT ! LATE/ PROTE/4 ,ONCE ISOLAT$1 MILITANTS LOSE ACCESS TO RES\RCES1 & !Y LOSE PROTECTION FROM BE+ SCAPEGOAT$ BY ! M$IA OR CRIM9ALIZ$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,)9 !SE DYNAMICS CAUS$ BY ! KNEE-J]K ISOLATION ( ?OSE :O DO NOT CON=M TO NONVIOL5CE1 !RE IS NO POSSIBILITY = A HEAL?Y OR CRITICAL DISC\RSE TO EVALUATE \R *OS5 /RATEGIES4 ,9 MY EXP]I5CE1 MO/ PEOPLE :O >E BECOM+ 9VOLV$ ) RADICAL MOVEM5TS HAVE NEV] HE>D GOOD >GUM5TS1 OR EV5 BAD ONES1 AGA9/ NONVIOL5CE4 ,?IS IS TRUE EV5 :5 !Y ALREADY KN[ A GREAT DEAL AB\T O!R MOVEM5T ISSUES4 ,9/EAD1 !Y T5D TO BE ACQUA9T$ ) ! AURA ( TABOO ?AT %R\DS MILITANTS2 TO HAVE 9T]NALIZ$ ! FE> & DISDA9 ! CORPORATE M$IA RES]VE = PEOPLE WILL+ TO ACTUALLY FIY1 !RE >E A GREAT MANY SOLID >GUM5TS AGA9/ NONVIOL5CE ?AT PACIFI/S HAVE SIMPLY FAIL$ TO ANSW] 9 !IR LIT]ATURE4 ,?IS BOOK WILL %[ ?AT NONVIOL5CE1 9 ITS CURR5T MANIFE/ATIONS1 IS BAS$ ON FALSIFI$ HI/ORIES ( /RUGGLE4 ,IT HAS IMPLICIT & EXPLICIT CONNECTIONS TO :ITE PEOPLE'S MANIPULATIONS ( ! /RUGGLES ( PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,ITS ME?ODS >E WRAPP$ 9 AU?ORIT>IAN DYNAMICS1 & ITS RESULTS >E H>NESS$ TO MEET GOV]NM5T OBJECTIVES OV] POPUL> OBJECTIVES4 ,IT MASKS & EV5 5C\RAGES PATRI>*AL ASSUMPTIONS & P[] DYNAMICS4 ,ITS /RATEGIC OPTIONS 9V>IABLY LEAD TO DEAD 5DS4 ,& ITS PRACTITION]S DELUDE !MSELVES ON A NUMB] ( KEY PO9TS4 ,GIV5 !SE CONCLUSIONS1 IF \R MOVEM5TS >E TO HAVE ANY POSSIBILITY ( DE/ROY+ OPPRESSIVE SY/EMS SU* AS CAPITALISM & :ITE SUPREMACY & BUILD+ A FREE & HEAL?Y WORLD1 WE MU/ SPREAD !SE CRITICISMS & 5D ! /RANGLEHOLD ( NONVIOL5CE OV] DISC\RSE :ILE DEVELOP+ MORE EFFECTIVE =MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,WE MIIES ( NONVIOL5CE SO ?AT TACTICS WE SUPPORT1 SU* AS PROP]TY DE/RUCTION1 MAY BE ACCEPT$ )9 A NONVIOL5T FRAMEWORK1 9DICAT+ H[ DISEMP[]$ & DELEGITIMIZ$ WE >E4 ,I KN[ ( NO ACTIVI/1 REVOLUTION>Y1 OR !ORI/ RELEVANT TO ! MOVEM5T TODAY :O ADVOCATES ONLY ! USE ( VIOL5T TACTICS & OPPOSES ANY USAGE ( TACTICS ?AT C\LD NOT BE CALL$ VIOL5T4 ,WE >E ADVOCATES ( A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 MEAN+ EFFECTIVE COMB9ATIONS DRAWN FROM A FULL RANGE ( TACTICS ?AT MI*Y1 CAPITALISM1 & ! /ATE4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT TACTICS %\LD BE *OS5 TO FIT ! P>TICUL> SITUATION1 NOT DRAWN FROM A PRECONCEIV$ MORAL CODE4 ,WE ALSO T5D TO BELIEVE ?AT MEANS >E REFLECT$ 9 ! 5DS1 & W\LD NOT WANT TO ACT 9 A WAY ?AT 9V>IABLY W\LD LEAD TO DICTATOR%IP OR SOME O!R =M ( SOCIETY ?AT DOES NOT RESPECT LIFE & FRE$OM4 ,AS SU*1 WE CAN MORE ACCURATELY BE DESCRIB$ AS PROPON5TS ( REVOLUTION>Y OR MILITANT ACTIVISM ?AN AS PROPON5TS ( VIOL5CE4.<#b.> ,I WILL REF] TO PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE BY !IR *OS5 NOM5CLATURE1 AS NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S OR1 9T]*ANGEABLY1 PACIFI/S4 ,MANY PRACTITION]S ( SU* PREF] ONE T]M OR ! O!R1 & SOME EV5 MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! TWO1 BUT 9 MY EXP]I5CE ! DI/9CTIONS >E NOT CONSI/5T FROM ONE P]SON TO ! NEXT4 ,MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 PACIFI/S_/NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S !MSELVES T5D TO COLLABORATE REG>DLESS ( !IR *OS5 T]M1 SO ! DIFF]5CE 9 LABELS IS NOT IMPORTANT TO ! CONSID]ATIONS ( ?IS BOOK4 ,BROADLY1 BY US+ ! T]M PACIFISM OR NONVIOL5CE1 !Y DESIGNATE A WAY ( LIFE OR A ME?OD ( SOCIAL ACTIVISM ?AT AVOIDS1 TRANS=MS1 OR EXCLUDES VIOL5CE :ILE ATTEMPT+ TO *ANGE SOCIETY TO CREATE A MORE PEACEFUL & FREE WORLD4 ,AT ?IS PO9T IT MILY DEF9E VIOL5CE1 BUT ONE ( ! CRITICAL >GUM5TS ( ?IS BOOK IS ?AT VIOL5CE CANNOT BE CLE>LY DEF9$4 ,I %\LD ALSO CL>IFY A FEW O!R T]MS ?AT POP UP FREQU5TLY4 ,! WORD RADICAL ,I USE LIT]ALLY1 TO MEAN A CRITIQUE1 ACTION1 OR P]SON ?AT GOES TO ! ROOTS ( A P>TICUL> PROBLEM RA!R ?AN FOCUS+ ON ! SUP]FICIAL SOLUTIONS PLAC$ ON ! TABLE BY ! PREJUDICES & P[]S ( ! DAY4 ,! WORD IS NOT A SYNONYM = EXTREME OR EXTREMI/1 MU* AS ! M$IA W\LD HAVE US BELIEVE IT IS1 ?R\< IGNORANCE OR DESIGN4 7,SIMIL>LY1 9 CASE ANYONE IS /ILL UNCLE>3 AN AN>*I/ IS NOT SOMEONE :O FAVORS *AOS BUT SOMEONE :O FAVORS ! TOTAL LIB]ATION ( ! WORLD ?R\< ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM1 GOV]NM5T1 & ALL O!R =MS ( OPPRESSIVE AU?ORITY1 TO BE REPLAC$ BY ANY NUMB] ( O!R SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS1 PROV5 OR UTOPIAN47 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,I DO NOT USE ! WORD REVOLUTION LIT]ALLY1 TO MEAN ! OV]?R[ ( CURR5T RUL]S BY A NEW SET ( RUL]S 7:I* W\LD MAKE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN REVOLUTION AN OXYMORON71 BUT ONLY TO MEAN A SOCIAL UPHEAVAL ) WIDESPREAD TRANS=MATIVE EFFECTS4 ,I USE ?IS WORD ONLY BECAUSE IT HAS SU* LONG-/&+ FAVORABLE CONNOTATIONS1 & BECAUSE ! MORE ACCURATE ALT]NATIVE1 LIB]ATION1 IS CLUMSY 9 ITS ADJECTIVAL =MS4 ,TO REEMPHASIZE A CRUCIAL DI/9CTION3 ! CRITICISMS 9 ?IS BOOK >E NOT AIM$ AT SPECIFIC ACTIONS ?AT DO NOT EXEMPLIFY VIOL5T BEHAVIOR1 SU* AS A VIGIL ?AT REMA9S PEACEFUL1 NOR >E !Y AIM$ AT 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVI/S :O *OOSE TO D$ICATE !MSELVES TO NON-COMBATIVE WORK1 SU* AS HEAL+ OR BUILD+ /RONG COMMUNITY RELATION%IPS4 ,:5 ,I TALK AB\T PACIFI/S & ADVOCATES ( NONVIOL5CE1 ,I AM REF]R+ TO ?OSE :O W\LD IMPOSE !IR IDEOLOGY ACROSS ! 5TIRE MOVEM5T & DISSUADE O!R ACTIVI/S FROM MILITANCY 79CLUD+ ! USE ( VIOL5CE71 OR :O W\LD NOT SUPPORT O!R ACTIVI/S SOLELY BECAUSE ( !IR MILITANCY4 ,LIKEWISE1 AN IDEAL REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/ W\LD NOT BE ONE :O OBSESSIVELY FOCUSES ON FIY GOALS1 9 ?IS BOOK ,I 9CLUDE QUOTES FROM PACIFI/S WORK+ = LIMIT$ RE=MS 9 ADDITION TO QUOTES FROM PEOPLE WORK+ = TOTAL SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,AT FIR/1 ?IS MAY SEEM LIKE ,I AM BUILD+ A /RAW-MAN >GUM5T2 H[EV]1 ,I 9CLUDE ! WORDS OR ACTIONS ( RE=MI/ PACIFI/S ONLY 9 REF]5CE TO CAMPAIGNS :]E !Y WORK$ TOGE!R CLOSELY ) REVOLUTION>Y PACIFI/S & ! QUOT$ MAT]IAL HAS RELEVANCE TO ALL 9VOLV$1 OR 9 REF]5CE TO SOCIAL /RUGGLES CIT$ AS EXAMPLES PROV+ ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( NONVIOL5CE 9 A*IEV+ REVOLUTION>Y 5DS4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 REVOLUTION>Y & NON-REVOLUTION>Y PACIFI/S1 BECAUSE !Y !MSELVES T5D NOT TO MAKE ?AT DI/9CTION 9 ! C\RSE ( !IR ACTIVITY-!Y WORK TOGE!R1 ATT5D PROTE/S TOGE!R1 & FREQU5TLY USE ! SAME TACTICS AT ! SAME ACTIONS4 ,BECAUSE %>$ COMMITM5T TO NONVIOL5CE1 & NOT %>$ COMMITM5T TO A REVOLUTION>Y GOAL1 IS ! *IEF CRIT]ION = NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S 9 DECID+ :OM TO WORK )1 ?OSE >E ! B\ND>IES ,I WILL USE 9 DEF9+ !SE CRITICISMS4 O ,*APT] #a 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,9EFFECTIVE ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,9EFFECTIVE ,I C\LD SP5D PL5TY ( TIME TALK+ AB\T ! FAILURES ( NONVIOL5CE4 ,9/EAD1 IT MAY BE MORE USEFUL TO TALK AB\T ! SUCCESSES ( NONVIOL5CE4 ,PACIFISM W\LD H>DLY BE ATTRACTIVE TO ITS SUPPORT]S IF ! IDEOLOGY HAD PRODUC$ NO HI/ORICAL VICTORIES4 ,TYPICAL EXAMPLES >E ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,9DIA FROM ,BRITI% COLONIAL RULE1 CAPS ON ! NUCLE> >MS RACE1 ! CIVIL RI AGA9/ ,VIETNAM4.<#c.> ,& ?\< !Y HAVE NOT YET BE5 HAIL$ AS A VICTORY1 ! MASSIVE PROTE/S 9 #bc AGA9/ ! ,U,S 9VASION ( ,IRAQ HAVE BE5 MU* APPLAUD$ BY NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S4.<#d.> ,!RE IS A PATT]N TO ! HI/ORICAL MANIPULATION & :ITEWA%+ EVID5T 9 EV]Y S+LE VICTORY CLAIM$ BY NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S4 ,! PACIFI/ POSITION REQUIRES ?AT SUCCESS MU/ BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO PACIFI/ TACTICS & PACIFI/ TACTICS ALONE1 :]EAS ! RE/ ( US BELIEVE ?AT *ANGE COMES FROM ! :OLE SPECTRUM ( TACTICS PRES5T 9 ANY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 PROVID$ !Y >E DEPLOY$ EFFECTIVELY4 ,BECAUSE NO MAJOR SOCIAL CONFLICT EXHIBITS A UNI=MITY ( TACTICS & IDEOLOGIES1 :I* IS TO SAY ?AT ALL SU* CONFLICTS EXHIBIT PACIFI/ TACTICS & DECID$LY NON-PACIFI/ TACTICS1 PACIFI/S HAVE TO ]ASE ! HI/ORY ?AT DISAGREES ) !M OR1 ALT]NATELY1 BLAME !IR FAILURES ON ! CONTEMPOR>Y PRES5CE ( VIOL5T /RUGGLE4.<#e.> ,9 ,9DIA1 ! /ORY GOES1 PEOPLE UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,G&HI BUILT UP A MASSIVE NONVIOL5T MOVEM5T OV] DECADES & 5GAG$ 9 PROTE/1 NONCOOP]ATION1 ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 & EXEMPL>Y HUNG] /RIKES & ACTS ( DISOB$I5CE TO MAKE ,BRITI% IMP]IALISM UNWORKABLE4 ,!Y SUFF]$ MASSACRES & RESPOND$ ) A C\PLE ( RIOTS1 BUT1 ON ! :OLE1 ! MOVEM5T WAS NONVIOL5T &1 AFT] P]SEV]+ = DECADES1 ! ,9DIAN PEOPLE WON !IR 9DEP5D5CE1 PROVID+ AN UND5IABLE HALLM>K ( PACIFI/ VICTORY4 ,! ACTUAL HI/ORY IS MORE COMPLICAT$1 9 ?AT MANY VIOL5T PRESSURES ALSO 9=M$ ! ,BRITI% DECISION TO )DRAW4 ,! ,BRITI% HAD LO/ ! ABILITY TO MA9TA9 COLONIAL P[] AFT] LOS+ MILLIONS ( TROOPS & A GREAT DEAL ( O!R RES\RCES DUR+ TWO EXTREMELY VIOL5T WORLD W>S1 ! SECOND ( :I* ESPECIALLY DEVA/AT$ ! 0MO!R C\NTRY40 ,! >M$ /RUGGLES ( ,>AB & ,JEWI% MILITANTS 9 ,PALE/9E FROM #aide TO #aidh FUR!R WEAK5$ ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE1 & PRES5T$ A CLE> ?REAT ?AT ! ,9DIANS MIMS 5 MASSE IF IGNOR$ = LONG 5\<2 ?IS CANNOT BE EXCLUD$ AS A FACTOR 9 ! DECISION ( ! ,BRITI% TO REL9QUI% DIRECT COLONIAL ADM9I/RATION4 ,WE REALIZE ?IS ?REAT TO BE EV5 MORE DIRECT :5 WE UND]/& ?AT ! PACIFI/ HI/ORY ( ,9DIA'S 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T IS A SELECTIVE & 9COMPLETE PICTURE-NONVIOL5CE WAS NOT UNIV]SAL 9 ,9DIA4 ,RESI/ANCE TO ,BRITI% COLONIALISM 9CLUD$ 5\< MILITANCY ?AT ! ,G&HIAN ME?OD CAN BE VIEW$ MO/ ACCURATELY AS ONE ( SEV]AL COMPET+ =MS ( POPUL> RESI/ANCE4 ,AS P>T ( A DI/URB+LY UNIV]SAL PATT]N1 PACIFI/S :ITE \T ?OSE O!R =MS ( RESI/ANCE & HELP PROPAGATE ! FALSE HI/ORY ?AT ,G&HI & HIS DISCIPLES W]E ! LONE MAS!AD & RUDD] ( ,9DIAN RESI/ANCE4 ,IGNOR$ >E IMPORTANT MILITANT LEAD]S SU* AS ,*&RASEKH> ,AZAD1.<#f.> :O F\M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,BRITI% COLONIZ]S1 & REVOLUTION>IES SU* AS ,BHAGAT ,S+H1 :O WON MASS SUPPORT = BOMB+S & ASSASS9ATIONS AS P>T ( A /RUGGLE TO ACCOMPLI% ! 0OV]?R[ ( BO? =EIGN & ,9DIAN CAPITALISM40.<#g.> ,! PACIFI/ HI/ORY ( ,9DIA'S /RUGGLE CANNOT MAKE ANY S5SE ( ! FACT ?AT ,SUBHAS ,*&RA ,BOSE1 ! MILITANT C&IDATE1 WAS TWICE ELECT$ PRESID5T ( ! ,9DIAN ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS1 9 #ai* & #a#i#c#i4.<#h.> ,:ILE ,G&HI WAS P]HAPS ! MO/ S+UL>LY 9FLU5TIAL & POPUL> FIGURE 9 ,9DIA'S 9DEP5D5CE /RUGGLE1 ! LEAD]%IP POSITION HE ASSUM$ DID NOT ALWAYS 5JOY ! CONSI/5T BACK+ ( ! MASSES4 ,G&HI LO/ SO MU* SUPPORT FROM ,9DIANS :5 HE 0CALL$ (F ! MOVEM5T0 AFT] ! #aibb RIOT ?AT :5 ! ,BRITI% LOCK$ HIM UP AFT]W>DS1 0NOT A RIPPLE ( PROTE/ >OSE 9 ,9DIA AT HIS >RE/40.<#i.> ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 HI/ORY REMEMB]S ,G&HI ABOVE ALL O!RS NOT BECAUSE HE REPRES5T$ ! UNANIM\S VOICE ( ,9DIA1 BUT BECAUSE ( ALL ! ATT5TION HE WAS GIV5 BY ! ,BRITI% PRESS & ! PROM95CE HE RECEIV$ FROM BE+ 9CLUD$ 9 IMPORTANT NEGOTIATIONS ) ! ,BRITI% COLONIAL GOV]NM5T4 ,:5 WE REMEMB] ?AT HI/ORY IS WRITT5 BY ! VICTORS1 ANO!R LAY] ( ! MY? ( ,9DIAN 9DEP5D5CE COMES UNRAVEL$4 ,! SORRIE/ ASPECT ( PACIFI/S' CLAIM ?AT ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,9DIA IS A VICTORY = NONVIOL5CE IS ?AT ?IS CLAIM PLAYS DIRECTLY 9TO ! HI/ORICAL FABRICATION C>RI$ \T 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! :ITE-SUPREMACI/1 IMP]IALI/ /ATES ?AT COLONIZ$ ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,! LIB]ATION MOVEM5T 9 ,9DIA FAIL$4 ,! ,BRITI% W]E NOT =C$ TO QUIT ,9DIA4 ,RA!R1 !Y *OSE TO TRANSF] ! T]RITORY FROM DIRECT COLONIAL RULE TO NEOCOLONIAL RULE4.<#a.> ,:AT K9D ( VICTORY ALL[S ! LOS+ SIDE TO DICTATE ! TIME & MANN] ( ! VICTORS' ASC5DANCY8 ,! ,BRITI% AU?OR$ ! NEW CON/ITUTION & TURN$ P[] OV] TO H&PICK$ SUCCESSORS4 ,!Y FANN$ ! FLAMES ( RELIGI\S & E?NIC SEP>ATISM SO ?AT ,9DIA W\LD BE DIVID$ AGA9/ ITSELF1 PREV5T$ FROM GA9+ PEACE & PROSP]ITY1 & DEP5D5T ON MILIT>Y AID & O!R SUPPORT FROM ,EURO_/,AM]ICAN /ATES4 ,9DIA IS /ILL EXPLOIT$ BY ,EURO_/ ,AM]ICAN CORPORATIONS 7?\< SEV]AL NEW ,9DIAN CORPORATIONS1 MO/LY SUBSIDI>IES1 HAVE JO9$ 9 ! PILLAG+71 & /ILL PROVIDES RES\RCES & M>KETS = ! IMP]IALI/ /ATES4.<#a#a.> ,9 MANY WAYS ! POV]TY ( ITS PEOPLE HAS DEEP5$ & ! EXPLOITATION HAS BECOME MORE EFFICI5T4 ,9DEP5D5CE FROM COLONIAL RULE HAS GIV5 ,9DIA MORE AUTONOMY 9 A FEW >EAS1 & IT HAS C]TA9LY ALL[$ A H&FUL ( ,9DIANS TO SIT 9 ! SEATS ( P[]1 BUT ! EXPLOITATION & COMMODIFICATION ( ! COMMONS HAVE DEEP5$4 ,MOREOV]1 ,9DIA LO/ A CLE> OPPORTUNITY = MEAN+FUL LIB]ATION FROM AN EASILY RECOGNIZABLE =EIGN OPPRESSOR4 ,ANY LIB]ATION MOVEM5T N[ W\LD HAVE TO GO UP AGA9/ ! CONF\ND+ DYNAMICS ( NATIONALISM & E?NIC_/RELIGI\S RIVALRY 9 ORD] TO ABOLI% A DOME/IC CAPITALISM & GOV]NM5T ?AT >E F> MORE DEVELOP$4 ,ON BALANCE1 ! 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T PROVES TO HAVE FAIL$4 ,! CLAIM ( A PACIFI/ VICTORY 9 CAPP+ ! NUCLE> >MS RACE IS SOME:AT BIZ>RE4 ,ONCE AGA91 ! MOVEM5T WAS NOT EXCLUSIVELY NONVIOL5T2 IT 9CLUD$ GR\PS ?AT C>RI$ \T A NUMB] ( BOMB+S & O!R ACTS ( SABOTAGE OR GU]RILLA W>F>E4.<#a#b.> ,&1 AGA91 ! VICTORY IS A DUBI\S ONE4 ,! MU*-IGNOR$ NONPROLIF]ATION TREATIES ONLY CAME AFT] ! >MS RACE HAD ALREADY BE5 WON1 ) ! ,U,S AS UNDISPUT$ NUCLE> HEGEMON 9 POSSESSION ( MORE NUCLE> WEAPONS ?AN WAS EV5 PRACTICAL OR USEFUL4 ,& IT SEEMS CLE> ?AT PROLIF]ATION CONT9UES AS NE$$1 CURR5TLY 9 ! =M ( TACTICAL NUKE DEVELOPM5T & A NEW WAVE ( PROPOS$ NUCLE> P[] FACILITIES4 ,REALLY1 ! 5TIRE ISSUE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 SETTL$ MORE AS A MATT] ( 9T]NAL POLICY )9 ! GOV]NM5T ?AN AS A CONFLICT BETWE5 A SOCIAL MOVEM5T & A GOV]NM5T4 ,*]NOBYL & SEV]AL NE> MELTD[NS 9 ! ,U,S %[$ ?AT NUCLE> 5]GY 7A NECESS>Y COMPON5T ( NUCLE> >MS DEVELOPM5T7 WAS SOME?+ ( A LIABILITY1 & IT DOESN'T TAKE A PROTE/] TO QUE/ION ! USEFULNESS1 EV5 TO A GOV]NM5T B5T ON CONQU]+ ! WORLD1 ( DIV]T+ /AGG]+ RES\RCES T[>D NUCLE> PROLIF]ATION :5 Y\ ALREADY HAVE 5\< BOMBS TO BL[ UP ! 5TIRE PLANET1 & EV]Y S+LE W> & COV]T ACTION S9CE #aide HAS BE5 F\TICIPANTS4.<#a#c.> ,!Y WANT$ FULL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 & MANY ALSO WANT$ BLACK LIB]ATION 9 ! =M ( BLACK NATIONALISM1 BLACK 9T]-COMMUNALISM1 OR SOME O!R 9DEP5D5CE FROM :ITE IMP]IALISM4 ,NONE ( !SE DEM&S W]E MET -- NOT EQUALITY1 & C]TA9LY NOT LIB]ATION4 ,PEOPLE ( COLOR /ILL HAVE L[] AV]AGE 9COMES1 POOR] ACCESS TO H\S+ & HEAL? C>E1 & POOR] HEAL? ?AN :ITE PEOPLE4 ,DE FACTO SEGREGATION /ILL EXI/S4.<#a#d.> ,POLITICAL EQUALITY IS ALSO LACK+4 ,MILLIONS ( VOT]S1 MO/ ( !M BLACK1 >E DIS5FRAN*IZ$ :5 IT IS CONV5I5T TO RUL+ 9T]E/S1 & ONLY F\R BLACK S5ATORS HAVE S]V$ S9CE ,RECON/RUCTION4.<#a#e.> ,O!R RACES HAVE ALSO BE5 MISS$ BY ! MY?ICAL FRUITS ( CIVIL RIE ESPECIALLY VULN]ABLE TO ABUSE1 DEPORTATION1 D5IAL ( SOCIAL S]VICES !Y PAY TAXES =1 & TOXIC & BACKBREAK+ LABOR 9 SWEAT%OPS OR AS MIGRANT AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S4 ,MUSLIMS & ,>ABS >E TAK+ ! BRUNT ( ! PO/-,SEPTEMB] #aa REPRESSION1 :ILE A SOCIETY ?AT HAS ANO9T$ ITSELF 0COLORBL9D0 EV9CES N>Y A TW+E ( HYPOCRISY4 ,NATIVE PEOPLES >E KEPT SO L[ ON ! SOCIOECONOMIC LADD] AS TO REMA9 9VISIBLE1 EXCEPT = ! OCCASIONAL SYMBOLIC MANIFE/ATION ( ,U,S MULTICULTURALISM -- ! /]EOTYP$ SPORT+ MASCOT OR HULA-GIRL DOLL ?AT OBSCURES ! REALITY ( ACTUAL 9DIG5\S PEOPLE4 ,! COMMON PROJECTION 7PRIM>ILY BY :ITE PROGRESSIVES1 PACIFI/S1 $UCATORS1 HI/ORIANS1 & GOV]NM5T (FICIALS7 IS ?AT ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ RACIAL OPPRESSION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS PRIM>ILY NONVIOL5T4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?\< PACIFI/ GR\PS SU* AS ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4'S ,S\!RN ,*RI/IAN ,LEAD]%IP ,CONF]5CE 7,S,C,L,C7 HAD CONSID]ABLE P[] & 9FLU5CE1 POPUL> SUPPORT )9 ! MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY AMONG POOR BLACK PEOPLE1 9CREAS+LY GRAVITAT$ T[>D MILITANT REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS SU* AS ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY4.<#a#f.> ,ACCORD+ TO A #aig ,H>RIS POLL1 #ff P]C5T ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS SAID ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY GAVE !M PRIDE1 & #dc P]C5T SAID ! P>TY REPRES5T$ !IR [N VIEWS4.<#a#g.> ,9 FACT1 MILITANT /RUGGLE HAD LONG BE5 A P>T ( BLACK PEOPLE'S RESI/ANCE TO :ITE SUPREMACY4 ,MUMIA ,ABU-,JAMAL BOLDLY DOCUM5TS ?IS HI/ORY 9 HIS #bd BOOK1 ,WE ,WANT ,FRE$OM4 ,HE WRITES1 0,! ROOTS ( >M$ RESI/ANCE RUN DEEP 9 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY4 ,ONLY ?OSE :O IGNORE ?IS FACT SEE ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY AS SOMEH[ =EIGN TO \R COMMON HI/ORICAL 9H]ITANCE40.<#a#h.> ,9 REALITY1 ! NONVIOL5T SEGM5TS CANNOT BE DI/ILL$ & SEP>AT$ FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TS ( ! MOVEM5T 7?\< ALI5ATION & BAD BLOOD1 5C\RAG$ BY ! /ATE1 (T5 EXI/$ BETWE5 !M74 ,PACIFI/1 MIDDLE-CLASS BLACK ACTIVI/S1 9CLUD+ ,K+1 GOT MU* ( !IR P[] FROM ! SPECT] ( BLACK RESI/ANCE & ! PRES5CE ( >M$ BLACK REVOLUTION>IES4.<#a#i.> ,9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#f#c1 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4'S ,BIRM+HAM CAMPAIGN WAS LOOK+ LIKE IT W\LD BE A REPEAT ( ! DISMALLY FAIL$ ACTION 9 ,ALBANY1 ,GEORGIA 7:]E A #i MON? CIVIL DISOB$I5CE CAMPAIGN 9 #aifa DEMON/RAT$ ! P[]LESSNESS ( NONVIOL5T PROTE/]S AGA9/ A GOV]NM5T ) SEEM+LY BOTTOMLESS JAILS1 & :]E1 ON ,JULY #b#d1 #a#i#f#b1 RIOT+ Y\? TOOK OV] :OLE BLOCKS = A NI AFT] ! NONVIOL5T CAMPAIGN1 BLACK PEOPLE 9 ,ALBANY /ILL /RUGGL$ AGA9/ RACISM1 BUT !Y HAD LO/ !IR PREF]5CE = NONVIOL5CE74 ,!N1 ON ,MAY #g 9 ,BIRM+HAM1 AFT] CONT9U$ POLICE VIOL5CE1 ?REE ?\S& BLACK PEOPLE BEGAN FIANTEES4 ,! NEXT DAY1 AFT] LOCAL :ITE SUPREMACI/S BOMB$ A BLACK HOME & A BLACK BUS9ESS1 ?\S&S ( BLACK PEOPLE RIOT$ AGA91 SEIZ+ A #i BLOCK >EA1 DE/ROY+ POLICE C>S1 9JUR+ SEV]AL COPS 79CLUD+ ! *IEF 9SPECTOR71 & BURN+ :ITE BUS9ESSES4 ,A MON? & A DAY LAT]1 ,PRESID5T ,K5N$Y WAS CALL+ = ,CONGRESS TO PASS ! ,CIVIL ,RIS ( A /RATEGY TO /ALL ! CIVIL RI ,P]HAPS ! L>GE/ ( ! LIMIT$1 IF NOT HOLL[1 VICTORIES ( ! CIVIL RI AGA9/ ,VIETNAM CONTA9S ! USUAL SET ( FLAWS4 ,! CRITICISM HAS BE5 WELL MADE BY ,W>D ,*UR*ILL & O!RS1.<#b#a.> SO ,I'LL ONLY SUMM>IZE IT4 ,) UN=GIVABLE SELF-RIY2 T5S ( ?\S&S ( ,U,S TROOPS W]E KILL$ & HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S W\ND$2 O!R TROOPS DEMORALIZ$ BY ALL ! BLOOD%$ HAD BECOME HI & ! ,U,S WAS LOS+ POLITICAL CAPITAL 7& GO+ FISCALLY BANKRUPT7 TO A PO9T :]E PRO-W> POLITICIANS BEGAN CALL+ = A /RATEGIC )DRAWAL 7ESPECIALLY AFT] ! ,TET ,(F5SIVE PROV$ ! W> TO BE 0UNW9NABLE10 9 ! WORDS ( MANY AT ! TIME74 ,! ,U,S GOV]NM5T WAS NOT =C$ TO PULL \T BY PEACEFUL PROTE/S2 IT WAS DEFEAT$ POLITICALLY & MILIT>ILY4 ,AS EVID5CE ( ?IS1 ,*UR*ILL CITES ! VICTORY ( ,REPUBLICAN ,RI*>D ,NIXON1 & ! LACK ( EV5 AN ANTI-W> NOM9EE )9 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY1 9 #a#i#f#h1 NE> ! HEI MOVEM5T4 ,ONE C\LD ALSO ADD ,NIXON'S REELECTION 9 #a#i#g#b1 AFT] F\R YE>S ( ESCALATION & G5OCIDE1 TO DEMON/RATE ! P[]LESSNESS ( ! PEACE MOVEM5T 9 0SPEAK+ TRU? TO P[]40 ,9 FACT1 ! PR9CIPL$ PEACE MOVEM5T DISSOLV$ 9 T&EM ) ! )DRAWAL ( ,U,S TROOPS 7COMPLET$ 9 #a#i#g#c74 ,! MOVEM5T WAS LESS RESPONSIVE TO HI/ORY'S L>GE/-EV] BOMB+ CAMPAIGN1 T>GET+ CIVILIANS1 :I* 9T5SIFI$ AFT] TROOP )DRAWAL1 OR ! CONT9U$ OCCUPATION ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM BY A ,U,S-TRA9$ & -F9ANC$ MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! MOVEM5T RETIR$ 7& REW>D$ ,NIXON ) REELECTION7 ONCE ,AM]ICANS1 & NOT ,VIETNAMESE1 W]E \T ( H>M'S WAY4 ,! ,U,S PEACE MOVEM5T FAIL$ TO BR+ PEACE4 ,U,S IMP]IALISM CONT9U$ UNABAT$1 & ?\< ITS *OS5 MILIT>Y /RATEGY WAS DEFEAT$ BY ! ,VIETNAMESE1 ! ,U,S /ILL ACCOMPLI%$ ITS OV]ALL POLICY OBJECTIVES 9 DUE TIME1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ! FAILURE ( ! PEACE MOVEM5T TO MAKE ANY DOME/IC *ANGES4 ,SOME PACIFI/S WILL PO9T \T ! HUGE NUMB] ( 0CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS0 :O REFUS$ TO FII/IC SOCIETY1 ! LIKELIHOOD ( SOLDI]S' REFUS+ TO FIDLY HAVE EXI/$4 ,F> MORE SIGNIFICANT ?AN PASSIVE CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS W]E ! GR[+ REBELLIONS1 ESPECIALLY BY BLACK1 ,LAT9O1 & 9DIG5\S TROOPS1 )9 ! MILIT>Y4 ,! ,U,S GOV]NM5T'S 9T5TIONAL PLAN1 9 RESPONSE TO BLACK URBAN RIOTS1 ( TAK+ UNEMPLOY$ Y\NG BLACK M5 (F ! /REETS & 9TO ! MILIT>Y1 BACKFIR$4.<#b#c.> ,WA%+TON (FICIALS VISIT+ ,>MY BASES W]E FREAK$ \T AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( 0,BLACK MILITANT0 CULTURE4444,A/ONI%$ BRASS W\LD WAT* AS LOCAL SETTL] .<:ITE.> (FIC]S W\LD BE =C$ TO RETURN SALUTES TO ,NEW ,AFRIKANS . GIV+ !M ! 0,P[]0 SIGN .4444 ,NIXON HAD TO GET ! TROOPS \T ( ,VIETNAM FA/ OR RISK LOS+ HIS >MY4.<#b#d.> ,FRAGG+1 SABOTAGE1 REFUSAL TO FIMY ?AT REMA9S 9 ,VIETNAM IS 9 A /ATE APPROA*+ COLLAPSE1 ) 9DIVIDUAL UNITS AVOID+ OR HAV+ REFUS$ COMBAT1 MURD]+ !IR (FIC]S & NONCOMMISSION$ (FIC]S1 DRUG-RIDD5 & DISPIRIT$ :]E NOT NE> MUT9\S4 ,ELSE:]E ?AN ,VIETNAM ! SITUATION IS NE>LY AS S]I\S4.<#b#e.> ,! ,P5TAGON E/IMAT$ ?AT #c P]C5T ( (FIC]S & NONCOMS KILL$ 9 ,VIETNAM FROM #aifa TO #aigb W]E KILL$ 9 FRAGG+S BY !IR [N TROOPS4 ,?IS E/IMATE DOESN'T EV5 TAKE 9TO ACC\NT KILL+S BY /ABB+ OR %OOT+4 ,9 MANY 9/ANCES1 SOLDI]S 9 A UNIT POOL$ !IR MONEY TO RAISE A B\NTY = ! KILL+ ( AN UNPOPUL> (FIC]4 ,MAT!W ,R9ALDI ID5TIFIES 0WORK+ CLASS BLACKS & ,LAT9OS0 9 ! MILIT>Y1 :O DID NOT ID5TIFY ) ! 0PACIFISM-AT-ANY-PRICE TACTICS0 ( ! CIVIL RIY DUR+ ! ,VIETNAM ,W>4.<#b#f.> ,& ?\< !Y W]E LESS POLITICALLY SIGNIFICANT ?AN RESI/ANCE 9 ! MILIT>Y 9 G5]AL1 BOMB+S & O!R ACTS ( VIOL5CE 9 PROTE/ ( ! W> ON :ITE COLLEGE CAMPUSES1 9CLUD+ MO/ ( ! ELITE UNIV]SITIES1 %\LD NOT BE IGNOR$ 9 FAVOR ( ! PACIFI/ :ITEWA%4 ,9 ! #a#i#f#i-#a#i#g S*OOL YE> 7,SEPTEMB] ?R\< ,MAY71 A CONS]VATIVE E/IMATE C\NTS #agd ANTI-W> BOMB+S ON CAMPUSES & AT LEA/ #g (F-CAMPUS BOMB+S & O!R VIOL5T ATTACKS T>GET+ ,R,O,T,C BUILD+S1 GOV]NM5T BUILD+S1 & CORPORATE (FICES4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 #bc CAMPUS PROTE/S 9CLUD$ PHYSICAL VIOL5CE1 & #da 9CLUD$ DAMAGE TO PROP]TY4.<#b#g.> ,9 CONCLUSION1 :AT WAS A V]Y LIMIT$ VICTORY -- ! )DRAWAL ( GR\ND TROOPS AFT] MANY YE>S ( W>F>E -- CAN BE MO/ CLE>LY ATTRIBUT$ TO TWO FACTORS3 ! SUCCESSFUL & SU/A9$ VIOL5T RESI/ANCE ( ! ,VIETNAMESE1 :I* CAUS$ ,U,S POLICY-MAK]S TO REALIZE !Y C\LD NOT W92 & ! MILITANT & (T5 LE?AL RESI/ANCE ( ! ,U,S GR\ND TROOPS !MSELVES1 :I* WAS CAUS$ BY DEMORALIZATION FROM ! EFFECTIVE VIOL5CE ( !IR 5EMY & POLITICAL MILITANCY SPREAD+ FROM ! CONTEMPORANE\S BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,! DOME/IC ANTI-W> MOVEM5T CLE>LY WORRI$ ,U,S POLICY-MAK]S1.<#b#h.> BUT IT HAD C]TA9LY NOT BECOME P[]FUL 5\< ?AT WE CAN SAY IT 0=C$0 ! GOV]NM5T TO DO ANY?+1 &1 9 ANY CASE1 ITS MO/ =CEFUL ELEM5TS US$ VIOL5T PROTE/S1 BOMB+S1 & PROP]TY DE/RUCTION4 ,P]HAPS CONFUS$ BY !IR [N FALSE HI/ORY ( ! PEACE MOVEM5T DUR+ ! ,VIETNAM ,W>1 ,U,S PACIFI/ ORGANIZ]S 9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY SEEM$ TO EXPECT A REPEAT ( ! VICTORY ?AT NEV] HAPP5$ 9 !IR PLANS TO /OP ! 9VASION ( ,IRAQ4 ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#e1 #b#c1 AS ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T MOV$ T[>D W> ) ,IRAQ1 0WEEK5D PROTE/S WORLDWIDE BY MILLIONS ( ANTI-W> ACTIVI/S DELIV]$ A /++ REBUKE TO ,WA%+TON & ITS ALLIES4444,! UNPREC$5T$ WAVE ( DEMON/RATIONS444FUR!R CL\D$ ,U,S W> PLANS10 ACCORD+ TO AN >TICLE ON ! WEBSITE ( ! NONVIOL5T ANTI-W> GR\P ,UNIT$ = ,PEACE & ,JU/ICE4.<#b#i.> ,! >TICLE1 :I* EXULTS 9 ! 0MASSIVE DISPLAY ( PACIFI/ FEEL+10 GOES ON TO PROJECT ?AT ! 0,:ITE ,H\SE444APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 RATTL$ BY ! SURGE 9 RESI/ANCE TO ITS CALLS = QUICK MILIT>Y ACTION40 ,! PROTE/S W]E ! L>GE/ 9 HI/ORY2 EXCEPT+ A FEW M9OR SCUFFLES1 !Y W]E 5TIRELY NONVIOL5T2 & ORGANIZ]S EXT5SIVELY CELEBRAT$ !IR MASSIV5ESS & PEACEFULNESS4 ,SOME GR\PS1 LIKE ,UNIT$ = ,PEACE & ,JU/ICE1 EV5 SUGGE/$ ! PROTE/S MI4 ,( C\RSE1 !Y W]E TOTALLY WRONG1 & ! PROTE/S TOTALLY 9EFFECTIVE4 ,! 9VASION OCCURR$ AS PLANN$1 DESPITE ! MILLIONS ( PEOPLE NOM9ALLY1 PEACEFULLY1 & P[]LESSLY OPPOS$ TO IT4 ,! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T DID NO?+ TO *ANGE ! P[] RELATION%IPS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,BU% RECEIV$ SUB/ANTIAL POLITICAL CAPITAL = 9VAD+ ,IRAQ1 & WAS NOT FAC$ ) A BACKLA% UNTIL ! W> & OCCUPATION EF=T BEGAN TO %[ SIGNS ( FAILURE DUE TO ! EFFECTIVE >M$ RESI/ANCE ( ! ,IRAQI PEOPLE4 ,! SO-CALL$ OPPOSITION DID NOT EV5 MANIFE/ )9 ! (FICIAL POLITICAL L&SCAPE4 ,! ONE ANTI-W> C&IDATE 9 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY1.<#c.> ,D5NIS ,KUC9I*1 WAS NEV] = A MOM5T TAK5 S]I\SLY AS A CONT5D]1 & HE & HIS SUPPORT]S EV5TUALLY FL$ !IR MORAL HI< GR\ND TO DEF] TO ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY PLAT=M'S SUPPORT = ! OCCUPATION ( ,IRAQ4 ,A GOOD CASE /UDY REG>D+ ! EFFICACY ( NONVIOL5T PROTE/ CAN BE SE5 9 ,SPA9'S 9VOLVEM5T ) ! ,U,S-L$ OCCUPATION4 ,SPA91 ) #a1#c TROOPS1 WAS ONE ( ! L>G] JUNIOR P>TN]S 9 ! 0,COALITION ( ! ,WILL+40 ,MORE ?AN ONE MILLION ,SPANI>DS PROTE/$ ! 9VASION1 & #h P]C5T ( ! ,SPANI% POPULATION WAS OPPOS$ TO IT1.<#c#a.> BUT !IR COMMITM5T TO PEACE 5D$ !RE -- !Y DID NO?+ TO ACTUALLY PREV5T ,SPANI% MILIT>Y SUPPORT = ! 9VASION & OCCUPATION4 ,BECAUSE !Y REMA9$ PASSIVE & DID NO?+ TO DISEMP[] ! LEAD]%IP1 !Y REMA9$ AS P[]LESS AS ! CITIZ5S ( ANY DEMOCRACY4 ,NOT ONLY WAS ,SPANI% PRIME M9I/] ,AZN> ABLE & ALL[$ TO GO TO W>1 HE WAS EXPECT$ BY ALL =ECA/S TO W9 REELECTION -- UNTIL ! BOMB+S4 ,ON ,M>* #a#a1 #b#d1 JU/ DAYS BE=E ! VOT+ BOO?S OP5$1 MULTIPLE BOMBS PLANT$ BY AN ,AL-,QAIDA-L9K$ CELL EXPLOD$ 9 ,MADRID TRA9 /ATIONS1 KILL+ #aia PEOPLE & 9JUR+ ?\S&S MORE4 ,DIRECTLY BECAUSE ( ?IS1 ,AZN> & HIS P>TY LO/ 9 ! POLLS1 & ! ,SOCIALI/S1 ! MAJOR P>TY ) AN ANTI-W> PLAT=M1 W]E ELECT$ 9TO P[]4.<#c#b.> ,! ,U,S-L$ COALITION %RUNK ) ! LOSS ( #a1#c ,SPANI% TROOPS1 & PROMPTLY %RUNK AGA9 AFT] ! ,DOM9ICAN ,REPUBLIC & ,HONDURAS ALSO PULL$ \T !IR TROOPS4 ,:]EAS MILLIONS ( PEACEFUL ACTIVI/S VOT+ 9 ! /REETS LIKE GOOD %EEP HAVE NOT WEAK5$ ! BRUTAL OCCUPATION 9 ANY MEASURABLE WAY1 A FEW DOZ5 T]RORI/S WILL+ TO SLAUTICUL> VISION ( H[ ,IRAQI SOCIETY %\LD BE ORGANIZ$1 A VISION ?AT IS EXTREMELY AU?ORIT>IAN1 PATRI>*AL1 & FUNDAM5TALI/4 ,&1 NO D\BT1 :AT WAS POSSIBLY AN EASY DECISION TO KILL & MAIM HUNDR$S ( UN>M$ PEOPLE1 H[EV] /RATEGICALLY NECESS>Y SU* AN ACTION MAY HAVE SEEM$1 IS CONNECT$ TO !IR AU?ORIT>IANISM & BRUTALITY1 & MO/ ( ALL TO ! CULTURE ( 9TELLECTUALISM FROM :I* MO/ T]RORI/S COME 7AL?\< ?AT IS ANO!R TOPIC 5TIRELY74 ,! MORALITY ( ! SITUATION BECOMES MORE COMPLICAT$ :5 COMP>$ TO ! MASSIVE ,U,S BOMB+ CAMPAIGN ?AT 9T5TIONALLY KILL$ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( CIVILIANS 9 ,G]MANY & ,JAPAN DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,:]EAS ?IS CAMPAIGN WAS MU* MORE BRUTAL ?AN ! ,MADRID BOMB+S1 IT IS G5]ALLY CONSID]$ ACCEPTABLE4 ,! DISCREPANCY ?AT WE MAY 5T]TA9 BETWE5 CONDEMN+ ! ,MADRID BOMB]S 7EASY7 & CONDEMN+ ! EV5 MORE BLOODY-H&$ ,AM]ICAN PILOTS 7NOT SO EASY1 P]HAPS BECAUSE AMONG !M WE MAY F9D \R [N RELATIVES -- MY GR&FA!R1 = EXAMPLE7 %\LD MAKE US QUE/ION :E!R \R CONDEMNATION ( T]RORISM REALLY HAS ANY?+ TO DO ) A RESPECT = LIFE4 ,BECAUSE WE >E NOT FIIAN WORLD1 OR ONE 9 :I* BLOOD IS SPILL$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) CALCULAT$ RATIONALES1 ! ,MADRID BOMB+S DO NOT PRES5T AN EXAMPLE = ACTION1 BUT1 RA!R1 AN IMPORTANT P>ADOX4 ,DO PEOPLE :O /ICK TO PEACEFUL TACTICS ?AT HAVE NOT PROV$ EFFECTIVE 9 5D+ ! W> AGA9/ ,IRAQ REALLY C>E MORE = HUMAN LIFE ?AN ! ,MADRID T]RORI/S8 ,AFT] ALL1 MANY MORE ?AN #aia ,IRAQI CIVILIANS HAVE BE5 KILL$ = EV]Y #a1#c OCCUPATION TROOPS /ATION$ !RE4 ,IF ANYONE HAS TO DIE 7& ! ,U,S 9VASION MAKES ?IS TRAG$Y 9EVITABLE71 ,SPANI% CITIZ5S BE> MORE BLAME ?AN ,IRAQIS 7JU/ AS ,G]MAN & ,JAPANESE CITIZ5S BORE MORE BLAME ?AN O!R VICTIMS ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I74 ,SO F>1 NO ALT]NATIVES TO T]RORISM HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ )9 ! RELATIVELY VULN]ABLE BELLY ( ! BEA/ TO SUB/ANTIALLY WEAK5 ! OCCUPATION4 ,H5CE1 ! ONLY REAL RESI/ANCE IS OCCURR+ 9 ,IRAQ1 :]E ! ,U,S & ITS ALLIES >E MO/ PREP>$ TO MEET IT1 AT GREAT CO/ TO ! LIVES ( GU]RILLAS & NONCOMBATANTS4 ,SO MU* = ! VICTORIES ( PACIFISM4 ,IT W\LD ALSO HELP TO UND]/& ! EXT5T ( ! IDEA'S FAILURES4 ,A CONTROV]SIAL BUT NECESS>Y EXAMPLE IS ?AT ( ! ,HOLOCAU/4.<#c#c.> ,= MU* ( 0! DEV\R+10 MILITANT RESI/ANCE WAS ALL BUT ABS5T1 SO WE CAN MEASURE ! EFFICACY ( PACIFI/ RESI/ANCE ALONE4 ,! ,HOLOCAU/ IS ALSO ONE ( ! FEW PH5OM5A :]E VICTIM BLAM+ IS CORRECTLY SE5 AS SUPPORT OR SYMPA?Y = ! OPPRESSOR1 SO ! OCCASIONAL OPPOSITIONAL UPRIS+S CANNOT BE US$ TO JU/IFY ! REPRESSION & G5OCIDE1 AS HAPP5S ELSE:]E :5 PACIFI/S BLAME AU?ORIT>IAN VIOL5CE ON ! AUDACITY ( ! OPPRESS$ TO TAKE MILITANT DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ ?AT AU?ORITY4 ,SOME PACIFI/S HAVE BE5 SO BOLD AS TO USE EXAMPLES ( RESI/ANCE TO ! ,NAZIS1 SU* AS CIVIL DISOB$I5CE C>RI$ \T BY ! ,DANES1 TO SUGGE/ ?AT NONVIOL5T RESI/ANCE CAN WORK EV5 9 ! WOR/ CONDITIONS4.<#c#d.> ,IS IT REALLY NECESS>Y TO PO9T \T ?AT ! ,DANES1 AS ,>YANS FAC$ A SOME:AT DIFF]5T SET ( CONSEQU5CES = RESI/ANCE ?AN ! ,NAZIS' PRIM>Y VICTIMS8 ,! ,HOLOCAU/ WAS ONLY 5D$ BY ! CONC]T$1 OV]:ELM+ VIOL5CE ( ! ,ALLI$ GOV]NM5TS ?AT DE/ROY$ ! ,NAZI /ATE 7?\<1 TO BE HONE/1 !Y C>$ F> MORE AB\T R$RAW+ ! MAP ( ,EUROPE ?AN AB\T SAV+ ! LIVES ( ,ROMA1 ,JEWS1 GAYS1 LEFTI/S1 ,SOVIET PRISON]S ( W>1 & O!RS2 ! ,SOVIETS T5D$ TO 0PURGE0 RESCU$ PRISON]S ( W>1 FE>+ ?AT EV5 IF !Y W]E NOT GUILTY ( DES]TION = SURR5D]+1 !IR CONTACT ) =EIGN]S 9 ! CONC5TRATION CAMPS HAD CONTAM9AT$ !M IDEOLOGICALLY74 ,! VICTIMS ( ! ,HOLOCAU/1 H[EV]1 W]E NOT 5TIRELY PASSIVE4 ,A L>GE NUMB] ( !M TOOK ACTION TO SAVE LIVES & SABOTAGE ! ,NAZI DEA? MA*9E4 ,YEHUDA ,BAU]1 :O DEALS EXCLUSIVELY ) ,JEWI% VICTIMS ( ! ,HOLOCAU/1 EMPHATICALLY DOCUM5TS ?IS RESI/ANCE4 ,UP UNTIL #a#i#d#b1 0RABBIS & O!R LEAD]S444C\NSEL$ AGA9/ TAK+ UP >MS10 BUT !Y DID NOT C\NSEL PASSIVITY2 RA!R1 0RESI/ANCE WAS NONVIOL5T40.<#c#e.> ,CLE>LY1 IT DID NOT SL[ D[N ! G5OCIDE OR WEAK5 ! ,NAZIS 9 ANY MEASURABLE WAY4 ,BEG9N+ 9 #a#i#d#b1 ,JEWS BEGAN TO RESI/ VIOL5TLY1 ?\< !RE >E /ILL MANY EXAMPLES ( NONVIOL5T RESI/ANCE4 ,9 #a#i#d#c1 PEOPLE 9 ,D5M>K HELP$ MO/ ( ! C\NTRY'S SEV5 ?\S& ,JEWS ESCAPE TO NEUTRAL ,SW$54 ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ! SAME YE>1 ! GOV]NM5T1 ,*UR*1 & PEOPLE ( ,BULG>IA /OPP$ ! DEPORTATION ( ,JEWS FROM ?AT C\NTRY4.<#c#f.> ,9 BO? ( !SE CASES1 ! RESCU$ ,JEWS W]E ULTIMATELY PROTECT$ BY MILIT>Y =CE & KEPT SAFE BY ! BORD]S ( A C\NTRY NOT UND] DIRECT ,G]MAN OCCUPATION AT A TIME :5 ! W> WAS />T+ TO LOOK BLEAK = ! ,NAZIS4 7,BECAUSE ( ! VIOL5T ONSLAUILY OV]LOOK$ ! M9OR ?W>T+ ( !IR PLANS BY ,SW$5 & ,BULG>IA47 ,9 #a#i#d#a1 ! 9HABITANTS ( A $ TO DEPORT !M4.<#c#g.> ,?IS ACT ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE MAY HAVE DELAY$ ! DEPORTATION A %ORT :ILE1 BUT IT FAIL$ TO SAVE ANY LIVES4 ,A NUMB] ( LEAD]S ( ! ,JUD5RAT1 ! ,JEWI% ,C\NCILS E/ABLI%$ BY ! ,NAZIS TO GOV]N ! 4 7,?IS IS AN APT EXAMPLE BECAUSE MANY PACIFI/S 9 ! ,U,S TODAY ALSO BELIEVE ?AT IF Y\ >E ROCK+ ! BOAT OR CAUS+ CONFLICT1 Y\ >E DO+ SOME?+ WRONG4.<#c#h.>7 ,BAU] WRITES1 0,9 ! 5D1 ! /RATEGY FAIL$1 & ?OSE :O HAD TRI$ TO USE IT DISCOV]$ ) HORROR ?AT !Y HAD BECOME ACCOMPLICES 9 ! ,NAZIS' MURD] PLAN40.<#c#i.> ,O!R ,JEWI% ,C\NCIL MEMB]S W]E BOLD]1 & OP5LY REFUS$ TO COOP]ATE ) ! ,NAZIS4 ,9 ,LVOV1 ,POL&1 ! FIR/ C\NCIL *AIRMAN REFUS$ TO COOP]ATE1 & HE WAS DULY KILL$ & REPLAC$4 ,AS ,BAU] PO9TS \T1 ! REPLACEM5TS W]E MU* MORE COMPLIANT 7?\< EV5 OB$I5CE DIDN'T SAVE !M1 AS !Y W]E ALL B\ND = ! DEA? CAMPS2 9 ! SPECIFIC EXAMPLE ( ,LVOV1 ! OB$I5T REPLACEM5T WAS KILL$ ANYWAY JU/ ON SUSPICION ( RESI/ANCE74 ,9 ,BORSZCZ[1 ,POL&1 ! C\NCIL *AIRMAN REFUS$ TO COMPLY ) ,NAZI ORD]S1 & HE WAS %IPP$ (F TO ! ,BELZEC DEA? CAMP4.<#d.> ,O!R C\NCIL MEMB]S US$ A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 & !Y W]E CLE>LY MORE EFFECTIVE4 ,9 ,KOVNO1 ,LI?UANIA1 !Y PRET5D$ TO COMPLY ) ,NAZI ORD]S1 BUT W]E SECRETLY A P>T ( ! RESI/ANCE4 ,!Y SUCCESSFULLY HID *ILDR5 AB\T TO BE DEPORT$ & SMUGGL$ Y\NG M5 & WOM5 \T ( ! TIZANS4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 0BO? SECTIONS .<( ! C\NCIL.> BELONG$ TO ! UND]GR\ND & W]E 9 CON/ANT T\* ) ! RESI/]S 444& CONTRIBUT$ SIGNIFICANTLY TO ! SAV+ ( MO/ ( ! ,JEWS 9 ! C\NTRY40.<#d#a.> ,EV5 :]E !Y DID NOT P]SONALLY TAKE P>T 9 VIOL5T RESI/ANCE1 !Y MULTIPLI$ !IR EFFECTIV5ESS IMM5SELY BY SUPPORT+ ?OSE :O DID4 ,& !N !RE W]E ! URBAN GU]RILLAS & P>TIZANS :O F\SAW MA*9E4 ,ANO!R >M$ REBELLION BROKE \T 9 ! FACTORIES1 & ASSASS9AT$ GOV]NM5T (FICIALS4.<#d#b.> ,JEWI% & O!R P>TIZAN GR\PS ?R\<\T ,POL&1 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 ,BEL>US1 ,UKRA9E1 & ! ,BALTIC C\NTRIES ALSO C>RI$ \T ACTS ( SABOTAGE ON ,G]MAN SUPPLY L9ES & F\TIZANS F\M$ ,JEWS LIV$ !RE1 PROTECT$ ALL OR SOME ( ! TIME BY ! FI ,9 ,POL&1 A GR\P ( P>TIZANS L$ BY ! ,BELSKY BRO!RS SAV$ MORE ?AN #a1#b ,JEWI% M51 WOM51 & *ILDR51 9 P>T BY C>RY+ \T REV5GE KILL+S AGA9/ ?OSE :O CAPTUR$ OR TURN$ 9 FUGITIVES4 ,SIMIL> P>TIZAN GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE & ,BELGIUM SABOTAG$ W> 9FRA/RUCTURE1 ASSASS9AT$ ,NAZI (FICIALS1 & HELP$ PEOPLE ESCAPE ! DEA? CAMPS4 ,A B& ( ,JEWI% ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,BELGIUM D]AIL$ A TRA9 ?AT WAS TAK+ PEOPLE TO ,AUS*WITZ1 & HELP$ SEV]AL HUNDR$ ( !M TO ESCAPE4 ,DUR+ A REBELLION AT ! ,SOBIBOR DEA? CAMPS 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#d#c1 RESI/]S KILL$ SEV]AL ,NAZI (FIC]S & ALL[$ F\R HUNDR$ ( ! SIX HUNDR$ 9MATES TO ESCAPE4.<#d#d.> ,MO/ ( !SE W]E QUICKLY KILL$1 BUT AB\T SIXTY SURVIV$ TO JO9 ! P>TIZANS4 ,TWO DAYS AFT] ! REVOLT1 ,SOBIBOR WAS CLOS$ D[N4 ,A REBELLION AT ,TREBL9KA 9 ,AUGU/ #aidc DE/ROY$ ?AT DEA? CAMP1 & IT WAS NOT REBUILT4 ,P>TICIPANTS 9 ANO!R 9SURRECTION AT ,AUS*WITZ 9 ,OCTOB] #aidd DE/ROY$ ONE ( ! CREMATORIA4.<#d#e.> ,ALL ( !SE VIOL5T UPRIS+S SL[$ D[N ! ,HOLOCAU/4 ,9 COMP>ISON1 NONVIOL5T TACTICS 7&1 = ?AT MATT]1 ! ,ALLI$ GOV]NM5TS :OSE BOMB]S C\LD EASILY HAVE REA*$ ,AUS*WITZ & O!R CAMPS7 FAIL$ TO %UT D[N OR DE/ROY A S+LE EXT]M9ATION CAMP BE=E ! 5D ( ! W>4 ,9 ! ,HOLOCAU/1 & LESS EXTREME EXAMPLES FROM ,9DIA TO ,BIRM+HAM1 NONVIOL5CE FAIL$ TO SUFFICI5TLY EMP[] ITS PRACTITION]S1 :]EAS ! USE ( A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS GOT RESULTS4 ,PUT SIMPLY1 IF A MOVEM5T IS NOT A ?REAT1 IT CANNOT *ANGE A SY/EM BAS$ ON C5TRALIZ$ CO]CION & VIOL5CE1.<#d#f.> & IF ?AT MOVEM5T DOES NOT REALIZE & EX]CISE ! P[] ?AT MAKES IT A ?REAT1 IT CANNOT DE/ROY SU* A SY/EM4 ,9 ! WORLD TODAY1 GOV]NM5TS & CORPORATIONS HOLD A NE>-TOTAL MONOPOLY ON P[]1 A MAJOR ASPECT ( :I* IS VIOL5CE4 ,UNLESS WE *ANGE ! P[] RELATION%IPS 7&1 PREF]ABLY1 DE/ROY ! 9FRA/RUCTURE & CULTURE ( C5TRALIZ$ P[] TO MAKE IMPOSSIBLE ! SUBJUGATION ( ! MANY TO ! FEW71 ?OSE :O CURR5TLY B5EFIT FROM ! UBIQUIT\S /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE1 :O CONTROL ! MILIT>IES1 BANKS1 BUREAUCRACIES1 & CORPORATIONS1 WILL CONT9UE TO CALL ! %OTS4 ,! ELITE CANNOT BE P]SUAD$ BY APPEALS TO !IR CONSCI5CE4 ,9DIVIDUALS :O DO *ANGE !IR M9DS & F9D A BETT] MORALITY WILL BE FIR$1 IMPEA*$1 REPLAC$1 RECALL$1 ASSASS9AT$4 ,TIME & AGA91 PEOPLE /RUGGL+ NOT = SOME TOK5 RE=M BUT = COMPLETE LIB]ATION -- ! RECLAMATION ( CONTROL OV] \R [N LIVES & ! P[] TO NEGOTIATE \R [N RELATION%IPS ) ! PEOPLE & WORLD >\ND US -- WILL F9D ?AT NONVIOL5CE DOES NOT WORK1 ?AT WE FACE A SELF-P]PETUAT+ P[] /RUCTURE ?AT IS IMMUNE TO APPEALS TO CONSCI5CE & /RONG 5\< TO PL[ OV] ! DISOB$I5T & UNCOOP]ATIVE4 ,WE MU/ RECLAIM HI/ORIES ( RESI/ANCE TO UND]/& :Y WE HAVE FAIL$ 9 ! PA/ & H[ EXACTLY WE A*IEV$ ! LIMIT$ SUCCESSES WE DID4 ,WE MU/ ALSO ACCEPT ?AT ALL SOCIAL /RUGGLES1 EXCEPT ?OSE C>RI$ \T BY A COMPLETELY PACIFI$ & ?US 9EFFECTIVE PEOPLE1 9CLUDE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS4 ,REALIZ+ ?AT NONVIOL5CE HAS NEV] ACTUALLY PRODUC$ HI/ORICAL VICTORIES T[>D REVOLUTION>Y GOALS OP5S ! DOOR TO CONSID]+ O!R S]I\S FAULTS ( NONVIOL5CE4 O ,*APT] #b 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,RACI/ ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,RACI/ ,I DO NOT MEAN TO EX*ANGE 9SULTS1 & ,I USE ! EPI!T RACI/ ONLY AFT] C>EFUL CONSID]ATION4 ,NONVIOL5CE IS AN 9H]5TLY PRIVILEG$ POSITION 9 ! MOD]N CONTEXT4 ,BESIDES ! FACT ?AT ! TYPICAL PACIFI/ IS QUITE CLE>LY :ITE & MIDDLE CLASS1 PACIFISM AS AN IDEOLOGY COMES FROM A PRIVILEG$ CONTEXT4 ,IT IGNORES ?AT VIOL5CE IS ALREADY H]E2 ?AT VIOL5CE IS AN UNAVOIDABLE1 /RUCTURALLY 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! CURR5T SOCIAL HI]>*Y2 & ?AT IT IS PEOPLE ( COLOR :O >E MO/ AFFECT$ BY ?AT VIOL5CE4 ,PACIFISM ASSUMES ?AT :ITE PEOPLE :O GREW UP 9 ! SUBURBS ) ALL !IR BASIC NE$S MET CAN C\NSEL OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 MANY ( :OM >E PEOPLE ( COLOR1 TO SUFF] PATI5TLY UND] AN 9CONCEIVABLY GREAT] VIOL5CE1 UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! ,GREAT ,:ITE ,FA!R IS SWAY$ BY ! MOVEM5T'S DEM&S OR ! PACIFI/S A*IEVE ?AT LEG5D>Y 0CRITICAL MASS40 ,PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ! 9T]NAL COLONIES ( ! ,U,S CANNOT DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ POLICE BRUTALITY OR EXPROPRIATE ! MEANS ( SURVIVAL TO FREE !MSELVES FROM ECONOMIC S]VITUDE4 ,!Y MU/ WAIT = 5\< PEOPLE ( COLOR :O HAVE ATTA9$ MORE ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE 7! 0H\SE SLAVES0 ( ,MALCOLM ,X'S ANALYSIS.<#d#g.>7 & CONSCI5TI\S :ITE PEOPLE TO GA!R TOGE!R & HOLD H&S & S+ SONGS4 ,!N1 !Y BELIEVE1 *ANGE WILL SURELY COME4 ,PEOPLE 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA MU/ SUFF] PATI5TLY1 LIKE TRUE M>TYRS1 :ILE :ITE ACTIVI/S 9 ! ,U,S 0BE> WITNESS0 & WRITE TO ,CONGRESS4 ,PEOPLE 9 ,IRAQ MU/ NOT FIGE 5\< TO /OP ! W>4 ,9DIG5\S PEOPLE NE$ TO WAIT JU/ A LITTLE LONG] 7SAY1 ANO!R #e YE>S7 UND] ! %AD[ ( G5OCIDE1 SL[LY DY+ (F ON M>G9AL L&S1 UNTIL-WELL1 !Y'RE NOT A PRIORITY RIE ALREADY UNEMPLOY$1 NONCOOP]AT+1 FULLY EXCLUD$ FROM ! FUNCTION+ ( ! SY/EM4 ,NONVIOL5CE DECL>ES ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS C\LD HAVE F\T ( ! CYCLE ( VIOL5CE1 & WAS 0AS BAD AS0 ,CU/]4 ,NONVIOL5CE DECL>ES ?AT ,AFRICANS C\LD HAVE /OPP$ ! SLAVE TRADE ) HUNG] /RIKES & PETITIONS1 & ?AT ?OSE :O MUT9I$ W]E AS BAD AS !IR CAPTORS2 ?AT MUT9Y1 A =M ( VIOL5CE1 L$ TO MORE VIOL5CE1 &1 ?US1 RESI/ANCE L$ TO MORE 5SLAVEM5T4 ,NONVIOL5CE REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE ?AT IT CAN ONLY WORK = PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE1 :O HAVE A /ATUS PROTECT$ BY VIOL5CE1 AS ! P]PETRATORS & B5EFICI>IES ( A VIOL5T HI]>*Y4 ,PACIFI/S MU/ KN[1 AT LEA/ SUBCONSCI\SLY1 ?AT NONVIOL5CE IS AN ABSURDLY PRIVILEG$ POSITION1 SO !Y MAKE FREQU5T USAGE ( RACE BY TAK+ ACTIVI/S ( COLOR \T ( !IR CONTEXTS & SELECTIVELY US+ !M AS SPOKESP]SONS = NONVIOL5CE4 ,G&HI & ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 >E TURN$ 9TO REPRES5TATIVES = ALL PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,NELSON ,M&ELA WAS TOO1 UNTIL IT DAWN$ ON :ITE PACIFI/S ?AT ,M&ELA US$ NONVIOL5CE SELECTIVELY1 & ?AT HE ACTUALLY WAS 9VOLV$ 9 LIB]ATION ACTIVITIES SU* AS BOMB+S & PREP>ATION = >M$ UPRIS+4.<#d#h.> ,EV5 ,G&HI & ,K+ AGRE$ IT WAS NECESS>Y TO SUPPORT >M$ LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS 7CIT+ TWO EXAMPLES1 ?OSE 9 ,PALE/9E & ,VIETNAM1 RESPECTIVELY7 :]E !RE WAS NO NONVIOL5T ALT]NATIVE1 CLE>LY PRIORITIZ+ GOALS OV] P>TICUL> TACTICS4 ,BUT ! MO/LY :ITE PACIFI/S ( TODAY ]ASE ?IS P>T ( ! HI/ORY & RE-CREATE NONVIOL5CE TO FIT !IR COM=T LEVEL1 EV5 :ILE 0CLAIM+ ! MANTLE0 ( ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 & ,G&HI4.<#d#i.> ,ONE GETS ! IMPRESSION ?AT IF ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 W]E TO COME 9 DISGUISE TO ONE ( !SE PACIFI/ VIGILS1 HE W\LD NOT BE ALL[$ TO SPEAK4 ,AS HE PO9T$ \T3 ,AP>T FROM BIGOTS & BACKLA%]S1 IT SEEMS TO BE A MALADY EV5 AMONG ?OSE :ITES :O LIKE TO REG>D !MSELVES AS 05LIE TO FEEL ?AT !Y HAVE SOME PAT]NALI/IC RIS1 ,I MU/ SAY1 ,I HAVE BE5 GRAVELY DISAPPO9T$ ) SU* :ITE 0MOD]ATES40 ,I AM (T5 9CL9$ TO ?9K ?AT !Y >E MORE ( A /UMBL+ BLOCK TO ! ,NEGRO'S PROGRESS ?AN ! ,:ITE ,CITIZ5'S ,C\NCIL] . OR ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLANN]4.<#e.> ,& IT MU/ BE ADD$ ?AT PRIVILEG$ :ITE PEOPLE W]E 9/RUM5TAL 9 APPO9T+ ACTIVI/S SU* AS ,G&HI & ,K+ TO POSITIONS ( LEAD]%IP ON A NATIONAL SCALE4 ,AMONG :ITE ACTIVI/S &1 NOT CO9CID5TALLY1 ! :ITE-SUPREMACI/ RUL+ CLASS1 ! CIVIL RI* ON ,WA%+TON IS ASSOCIAT$ FIR/ & =EMO/ ) ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4'S 0,I ,HAVE A ,DREAM0 SPEE*4 ,MO/LY ABS5T FROM ! :ITE CONSCI\SNESS1 BUT AT LEA/ AS 9FLU5TIAL TO BLACK PEOPLE1 WAS ,MALCOLM ,X'S P]SPECTIVE1 AS >TICULAT$ 9 HIS SPEE* CRITICIZ+ ! M>*'S LEAD]%IP4 ,IT WAS ! GRASSROOTS \T !RE 9 ! /REET4 ,IT SC>$ ! :ITE MAN TO DEA?1 SC>$ ! :ITE P[] /RUCTURE 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D,C1 TO DEA?2 ,I WAS !RE4 ,:5 !Y F\ND \T ?IS BLACK /EAMROLL] WAS GO+ TO COME D[N ON ! CAPITAL1 !Y CALL$ 9444!SE NATIONAL ,NEGRO LEAD]S ?AT Y\ RESPECT & TOLD !M1 0,CALL IT (F40 ,K5N$Y SAID1 0,LOOK1 Y\ ALL >E LETT+ ?IS ?+ GO TOO F>40 ,& ,OLD ,TOM SAID1 0,BOSS1 ,I CAN'T /OP IT BECAUSE ,I DIDN'T />T IT40 ,I'M TELL+ Y\ :AT !Y SAID4 ,!Y SAID1 0,I'M NOT EV5 9 IT1 MU* LESS AT ! HEAD ( IT40 ,!Y SAID1 0,!SE ,NEGROES >E DO+ ?+S ON !IR [N4 ,!Y'RE RUNN+ AHEAD ( US40 ,& ?AT OLD %REWD FOX1 HE SAID1 0,IF Y\ ALL >5'T 9 IT1 ,I'LL PUT Y\ 9 IT4 ,I'LL PUT Y\ AT ! HEAD ( IT4 ,I'LL 5DORSE IT4 ,I'LL WELCOME IT4444 ,?IS IS :AT !Y DID AT ! M>* ON ,WA%+TON4 ,!Y JO9$ IT444BECAME P>T ( IT1 TOOK IT OV]4 ,& AS !Y TOOK IT OV]1 IT LO/ ITS MILITANCY4 ,IT CEAS$ TO BE ANGRY1 IT CEAS$ TO BE HOT1 IT CEAS$ TO BE UNCOMPROMIS+4 ,:Y1 IT EV5 CEAS$ TO BE A M>*4 ,IT BECAME A PICNIC1 A CIRCUS4 ,NO?+ BUT A CIRCUS1 ) CL[NS & ALL4444 ,NO1 IT WAS A SELL\T4 ,IT WAS A TAKEOV]4444,!Y CONTROLL$ IT SO TIRY1 :AT SONG TO S+1 :AT SPEE* !Y C\LD MAKE1 & :AT SPEE* !Y C\LDN'T MAKE1 & !N TOLD !M TO GET \T ( T[N BY SUND[N4.<#e#a.> ,! 5D RESULT ( ! M>* WAS TO 9VE/ SIGNIFICANT MOVEM5T RES\RCES1 AT A CRITICAL TIME1 9 AN ULTIMATELY PACIFY+ EV5T4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,BAY>D ,RU/91 ONE ( ! *IEF ORGANIZ]S ( ! M>*1 0,Y\ />T TO ORGANIZE A MASS M>* BY MAK+ AN UGLY ASSUMPTION4 ,Y\ ASSUME ?AT EV]YONE :O IS COM+ HAS ! M5TALITY ( A ?REE-YE>-OLD40.<#e#b.> ,DEMON/RATORS RECEIV$ PREMADE PROTE/ SIGNS ) GOV]NM5T-APPROV$ SLOGANS2 ! SPEE*ES ( SEV]AL PROTE/ LEAD]S1 9CLUD+ ,S,N,C,C *AIRMAN ,JOHN ,LEWIS1 W]E C5SOR$ TO TAKE \T ?REATS ( >M$ /RUGGLE & CRITICISMS ( ! GOV]NM5T'S CIVIL RIATIVELY LITTLE ATT5TION 9 MA9/REAM HI/ORIES1 ,MALCOLM ,X WAS EXTREMELY 9FLU5TIAL ON ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 & HE WAS RECOGNIZ$ AS SU* BY ! MOVEM5T ITSELF & BY GOV]NM5T =CES *>G$ ) DE/ROY+ ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 AN 9T]NAL MEMO1 ! ,F,B,I ADDRESSES ! NE$ TO PREV5T ! RISE ( A BLACK 0MESSIAH0 AS P>T ( ITS ,C\NT] ,9TELLIG5CE ,PROGRAM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,F,B,I1 IT IS ,MALCOLM ,X :O 0MITYR ( ! MOVEM5T TODAY40.<#e#c.> ,! FACT ?AT ,MALCOLM ,X WAS S+L$ \T BY ! ,F,B,I AS A MAJOR ?REAT RAISES ! POSSIBILITY ( /ATE 9VOLVEM5T ) HIS ASSASS9ATION2.<#e#d.> C]TA9LY O!R NON-PACIFI/ BLACK ACTIVI/S1 :O W]E ID5TIFI$ BY ! ,F,B,I AS P>TICUL>LY EFFECTIVE ORGANIZ]S1 W]E T>GET$ = ELIM9ATION BY MEANS 9CLUD+ ASSASS9ATION4.<#e#e.> ,MEAN:ILE1 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 WAS ALL[$ HIS CELEBRITY & 9FLU5CE UNTIL HE BECAME MORE RADICAL1 SPOKE ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION1 & ADVOCAT$ SOLID>ITY ) ! >M$ /RUGGLE ( ! ,VIETNAMESE4 ,9 EFFECT1 :ITE ACTIVI/S1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 M9IMIZ+ ! ROLE ( MILITANT & >M$ /RUGGLE1 ASSI/ ! /ATE 9 ASSASS9AT+ ,MALCOLM ,X 7& SIMIL> REVOLUTION>IES74 ,!Y P]=M ! CLEAN] HALF ( ! JOB1 9 DISAPPE>+ HIS MEMORY & ]AS+ HIM FROM HI/ORY4.<#e#f.> ,& DESPITE !IR ABSURDLY DISPROPORTIONATE PR(ESSIONS ( DEVOTION TO HIM 7!RE W]E1 AFT] ALL1 A FEW O!R PEOPLE :O TOOK P>T 9 ! CIVIL RILY HELP ASSASS9ATE ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR41 ?\< 9 HIS CASE A MORE ,ORWELLIAN ME?OD 7ASSASS9ATE1 RE=MULATE1 & CO-OPT7 IS US$4 ,D>R5 ,P>K]1 A BLACK ACTIVI/ & CONSULTANT TO GRASSROOTS GR\PS :OSE CRITICISMS HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO MY [N UND]/&+ ( NONVIOL5CE1 WRITES1 ,! NUMB] ( TIMES PEOPLE QUOTE ,K+ IS ONE ( ! MO/ (F-PUTT+ ?+S = MO/ BLACK FOLK BECAUSE !Y KN[ H[ MU* HIS LIFE WAS FOCUS$ ON ! RACE /RUGGLE444& :5 Y\ ACTUALLY READ ,K+1 Y\ T5D TO WOND] :Y ! P>TS CRITICAL ( :ITE PEOPLE1 :I* >E ! MAJORITY ( ! ?+S HE SAID & WROTE1 NEV] GET QUOT$4.<#e#g.> ,?US ,K+'S MORE DI/URB+ 7TO :ITE PEOPLE7 CRITICISM ( RACISM IS AVOID$1.<#e#h.> & HIS CLI*$ PRESCRIPTIONS = FEEL-GOOD1 NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM >E REPEAT$ AD NAUSEUM1 ALL[+ :ITE PACIFI/S TO CA% 9 ON AN AU?ORITATIVE CULTURAL RES\RCE TO CONFIRM !IR NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM & PREV5T ! ACKN[L$GM5T ( ! RACISM 9H]5T 9 !IR POSITION BY ASSOCIAT+ !MSELVES ) A NONCONTROV]SIAL BLACK FIGUREHEAD4 ,PACIFI/S' REVIS+ ( HI/ORY TO REMOVE EXAMPLES ( MILITANT /RUGGLES AGA9/ :ITE SUPREMACY CANNOT BE DIVORC$ FROM A RACISM ?AT IS 9H]5T 9 ! PACIFI/ POSITION4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO CLAIM SUPPORT =1 MU* LESS SOLID>ITY )1 PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 !IR /RUGGLES :5 UNAVOIDABLY SIGNIFICANT GR\PS SU* AS ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T1 ! ,BR[N ,B]ETS1 & ! ,VIETCONG >E ACTIVELY IGNOR$ 9 FAVOR ( A HOMOG5E\S PICTURE ( ANTI-RACI/ /RUGGLE ?AT ACKN[L$GES ONLY ?OSE SEGM5TS ?AT DO NOT CONTRADICT ! RELATIVELY COM=TABLE VISION ( REVOLUTION PREF]R$ MO/LY BY :ITE RADICALS4 ,CLAIMS ( SUPPORT & SOLID>ITY BECOME EV5 MORE PRET5TI\S :5 :ITE PACIFI/S DRAFT RULES ( ACCEPTABLE TACTICS & IMPOSE !M ACROSS ! MOVEM5T1 9 D5IAL ( ! IMPORTANCE ( RACE1 CLASS BACKGR\ND1 & O!R CONTEXTUAL FACTORS4 ,! PO9T IS NOT ?AT :ITE ACTIVI/S1 9 ORD] TO BE ANTI-RACI/1 NE$ TO UNCRITICALLY SUPPORT ANY ,ASIAN1 ,LAT9O1 9DIG5\S1 OR BLACK RESI/ANCE GR\P ?AT POPS UP4 ,H[EV]1 !RE IS A ,EUROC5TRIC UNIV]SALISM 9 ! IDEA ?AT WE >E ALL P>T ( ! SAME HOMOG5E\S /RUGGLE & :ITE PEOPLE AT ! HE>T ( ! ,EMPIRE CAN TELL PEOPLE ( COLOR & PEOPLE 9 ! 7NEO7COLONIES ! BE/ WAY TO RESI/4 ,! PEOPLE MO/ AFFECT$ BY A SY/EM ( OPPRESSION %\LD BE AT ! =EFRONT ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?AT P>TICUL> OPPRESSION1.<#e#i.> YET PACIFISM AGA9 & AGA9 PRODUCES ORGANIZATIONS & MOVEM5TS ( :ITE PEOPLE ILLUM9AT+ ! PA? & LEAD+ ! WAY TO SAVE BR[N PEOPLE1 BECAUSE ! IMP]ATIVE ( NONVIOL5CE OV]RIDES ! BASIC RESPECT ( TRU/+ PEOPLE TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES4 ,:5EV] :ITE PACIFI/S CONC]N !MSELVES ) A CAUSE ?AT AFFECTS PEOPLE ( COLOR1 & RESI/]S AMONG ! AFFECT$ PEOPLE ( COLOR DO NOT CON=M TO ! P>TICUL> DEF9ITION ( NONVIOL5CE 9 USE1 ! :ITE ACTIVI/S PLACE !MSELVES AS ! TEA*]S & GUIDES1 CREAT+ A DYNAMIC ?AT IS REM>KABLY COLONIAL4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS IS L>GELY A FUNCTION ( :IT5ESS 7A SOCIALLY CON/RUCT$ WORLDVIEW TAU PROBLEMS :5 !Y DISRESPECT ALLIES ( COLOR BY DICTAT+ ! APPROPRIATE1 OR?ODOX ME?OD ( /RUGGLE4 ,! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND & O!R MILITANT :ITE GR\PS ( ! #a#i#fS & #gS DID A HORRIBLE JOB ( EXT5D+ SOLID>ITY TO ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 VOIC+ SUPPORT BUT )HOLD+ ANY MAT]IAL AID1 9 P>T BECAUSE !Y VIEW$ !MSELVES AS A VANGU>D & ! BLACK GR\PS AS IDEOLOGICAL COMPETITORS4 ,O!R :ITE ORGANIZATIONS1 SU* AS ! ,LIB]ATION ,SUPPORT ,MOVEM5T1 US$ !IR SUPPORT TO EX]CISE CONTROL OV] ! ANTI-COLONIAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS !Y CLAIM$ TO BE ACT+ 9 SOLID>ITY )1.<#f.> MU* ! WAY A GOV]NM5T AID AG5CY OP]ATES4 ,9T]E/+LY1 EV5 AMONG MILITANT :ITE ACTIVI/S1 RACISM 5C\RAGES PASSIVITY4 ,ONE ( ! PROBLEMS ( ! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND IS ?AT !Y W]E CLAIM+ TO FIMLESS1 SYMBOLIC BOMB+S & DISDA9$ ACTIONS LIKELY TO PUT !IR [N LIVES AT RISK4 ,TODAY1 !IR VET]ANS >E NOT DEAD OR IMPRISON$ 7EXCEPT+ ?REE VICTIMS ( AN E>LY EXPLOSIVES MAK+ ACCID5T & ?OSE :O LEFT ,WEA!R TO FIMY72 !Y >E LIV+ COM=TABLY AS ACADEMICS & PR(ESSIONALS4.<#f#a.> ,MILITANT :ITE AN>*I/S 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA TODAY EXHIBIT SIMIL> T5D5CIES4 ,MANY ( ! MO/ VOCAL DISDA9 ONGO+ LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 D5\NC+ !M AS 0NOT AN>*I/10 RA!R ?AN SUPPORT+ !IR MO/ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT !SE H>D-CORE 7&1 AT ! SAME TIME1 >M*AIR7 AN>*I/S CAN F9D NO REAL 7& DANG]\S7 RESI/ANCE WOR?Y ( !IR SUPPORT1 SO !Y /ICK TO MILITANT PO/URES & ! VIOL5CE ( IDEOLOGICAL HAIRSPLITT+4 ,A :ITE SUPREMACI/ SY/EM PUNI%ES ! RESI/ANCE ( PEOPLE ( COLOR MORE H>%LY ?AN ! RESI/ANCE ( :ITE PEOPLE4 ,EV5 :ITE ACTIVI/S :O HAVE MADE \RSELVES AW>E ( ! DYNAMICS ( RACISM F9D ! RESULT+ PRIVILEGE1 ONE ( SOCIALLY GU>ANTE$ SAFETY1 DIFFICULT TO REL9QUI%4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ?OSE :O *ALL5GE :ITE SUPREMACY DIRECTLY & MILITANTLY WILL SEEM ?REAT5+ TO US4 ,MUMIA ,ABU-,JAMAL WRITES3 ,! ACCOLADES & B\QUETS ( LATE-#b?-C5TURY ,BLACK /RUGGLE W]E AW>D$ TO VET]ANS ( ! CIVIL RITYR$ ,REV4 ,DR4 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 ,ELEVAT$ BY :ITE & ,BLACK ELITES TO ! HEIANCE & HIS TURN-!-O!R-*EEK DOCTR9E W]E CALM+ TO ! :ITE PSY*E4 ,TO ,AM]ICANS BR$ = COM=T1 ,DR4 ,K+ WAS1 ABOVE ALL1 SAFE4 ,! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY WAS ! ANTI!SIS ( ,DR4 ,K+4 ,! ,P>TY WAS NOT A CIVIL RITY MADE 7:ITE7 ,AM]ICANS FEEL MANY ?+S1 BUT SAFE WASN'T ONE ( !M4.<#f#b.> ,:ITE PACIFI/S 7& EV5 B\RGEOIS BLACK PACIFI/S7 >E AFRAID ( ! TOTAL ABOLITION ( ! :ITE SUPREMACI/1 CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,!Y PREA* NONVIOL5CE TO ! PEOPLE AT ! BOTTOM ( ! RACIAL & ECONOMIC HI]>*Y PRECISELY BECAUSE NONVIOL5CE IS 9EFFECTIVE1 & ANY REVOLUTION LAUN*$ 'BY ?OSE PEOPLE1' PROVID$ IT REMA9S NONVIOL5T1 WILL BE UNABLE TO FULLY UNSEAT :ITE PEOPLE & RI* PEOPLE FROM !IR PRIVILEG$ POSITIONS4 ,EV5 /RA9S ( NONVIOL5CE ?AT SEEK TO ABOLI% ! /ATE AIM TO DO SO BY TRANS=M+ IT 7& CONV]T+ ! PEOPLE 9 P[]72 ?US1 NONVIOL5CE REQUIRES ?AT ACTIVI/S ATTEMPT TO 9FLU5CE ! P[] /RUCTURE1 :I* REQUIRES ?AT !Y APPROA* IT1 :I* MEANS ?AT PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE1 :O HAVE BETT] ACCESS TO P[]1 WILL RETA9 CONTROL ( ANY MOVEM5T AS ! GATEKEEP]S & 9T]M$I>IES :O ALL[ ! MASSES TO 'SPEAK TRU? TO P[]4' ,9 ,NOVEMB] #b#c1 ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS ,WAT* 7,S,O,A,W7 ACTIVI/S ORGANIZ$ AN ANTI-OPPRESSION DISCUSSION DUR+ !IR ANNUAL PACIFI/ VIGIL \TSIDE ,=T ,B5N+ ,>MY ,BASE 7:I* H\SES ! ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS1 A MILIT>Y-TRA9+ S*OOL PROM95TLY CONNECT$ TO HUMAN-RITICIPANTS 7BY F> ! DOM9ANT DEMOGRAPHIC AT ! EXPLICITLY NONVIOL5T VIGIL7 TO FOCUS ON OPPRESSIVE DYNAMICS 7SU* AS RACISM1 CLASSISM1 SEXISM1 & TRANSPHOBIA7 )9 ! ORGANIZATION & AMONG ACTIVI/S ASSOCIAT$ ) ,S,O,A,W'S ANTI-MILIT>I/ EF=TS4 ,9/EAD1 PEOPLE AT ! DISCUSSION1 P>TICUL>LY OLD]1 :ITE1 SELF-PROCLAIM$ PACIFI/S1 KEPT RETURN+ TO =MS ( OPPRESSION PRACTIC$ BY SOME EXT]NAL =CE -- ! POLICE KEEP+ AN EYE ON ! VIGIL1 OR ! MILIT>Y SUBJUGAT+ PEOPLE 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,IT WAS QUITE APP>5T ?AT SELF-CRITICISM 7& -IMPROVEM5T7 WAS AN UNDESIRABLE OPTION2 ! PREF]ABLE ALT]NATIVE WAS TO FOCUS ON ! FAULTS ( A VIOL5T O!R1 EMPHASIZ+ !IR [N VICTIMIZATION BY 7&1 H5CE1 MORAL SUP]IORITY TO7 ! =CES ( /ATE P[]4 ,EV5TUALLY1 A NUMB] ( VET]AN ACTIVI/S ( COLOR :O ATT5D$ ! DISCUSSION W]E ABLE TO MOVE ATT5TION TO ! MANY =MS ( RACISM )9 ! ANTI-,S,O,A MILIEU ?AT PREV5T$ IT FROM ATTRACT+ MORE SUPPORT FROM NON-PRIVILEG$ POPULATIONS4 ,P]HAPS !IR MAJOR CRITICISM1 9 PO9T+ \T ! RACISM !Y WITNESS$1 WAS AGA9/ ! ORGANIZATION'S PRACTICE ( PACIFISM4 ,!Y SPOKE AGA9/ ! :ITE PACIFI/S' PRIVILEG$1 COM=TABLE TAKE ON ACTIVISM1 & LAMBA/$ ! CASUAL1 5T]TA9+1 CELEBRATORY ATTITUDE ( ! PROTE/1 ) ITS PRET5SIONS ( BE+ REVOLUTION>Y1 EV5 ( BE+ A PROTE/4 ,ONE BLACK WOMAN WAS P>TICUL>LY 9C5S$ AT AN EXP]I5CE %E HAD HAD :ILE TAK+ A BUS D[N TO ! ,=T ,B5N+ VIGIL ) O!R ANTI-,S,O,A ACTIVI/S4 ,DUR+ A CONV]SATION ) A :ITE ACTIVI/1 %E /AT$ ?AT %E DID NOT SUPPORT ! PRACTICE ( NONVIOL5CE4 ,?AT ACTIVI/ !N TOLD H] %E WAS 0ON ! WRONG BUS0 & DID NOT BELONG AT ! PROTE/4 ,:5 ,I RELAT$ ?IS /ORY & ! O!R CRITICISMS MADE BY PEOPLE ( COLOR DUR+ ! DISCUSSION TO A LI/S]V ( ,S,O,A,W-AFFILIAT$ =M] PRISON]S 7AFT] S]V+ A FULLY VOLUNT>Y1 SIX-MON?-MAXIMUM PRISON S5T5CE1 !Y GAVE !MSELVES ! HONORIFIC TITLE 0PRISON] ( CONSCI5CE071 ONE :ITE PEACE ACTIVI/ WROTE BACK TO ME ?AT %E WAS SURPRIS$ ?AT A BLACK WOMAN W\LD BE IDEOLOGICALLY OPPOS$ TO NONVIOL5CE1 9 SPITE ( ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 & ! LEGACY ( ! CIVIL RI ,B5EA? !IR FREQU5T & MANIPULATIVE USAGE ( PEOPLE ( COLOR AS FIGUREHEADS & TAME SPOKESP]SONS1 PACIFI/S FOLL[ A TACTICAL & IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK =MULAT$ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY BY :ITE !ORI/S4 ,:]EAS REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S >E H>D-PRESS$ TO F9D :ITE !ORI/S ) ANY?+ RELEVANT TO SAY REG>D+ ! ME?ODS ( MILITANT /RUGGLE1 ! TEA*]S ( PACIFISM >E PRIM>ILY :ITE 7= EXAMPLE2 ,DAVID ,DELL+]1 ! ,B]RIGANS1 ,GEORGE ,LAKEY1 ,G5E ,%>P1 ,DORO?Y ,DAY1 & ,A,J ,MU/E74 ,AN >TICLE ESP\S+ NONVIOL5CE PUBLI%$1 APPROPRIATELY 5\<1 9 ,! ,NATION1 DROPS ,G&HI'S NAME LIKE A BANN] BUT PRIM>ILY QUOTES :ITE ACTIVI/S & S*OL>S TO >TICULATE A MORE PRECISE /RATEGY4.<#f#d.> ,ANO!R >TICLE ON NONVIOL5CE1 RECOMM5D$ BY A PACIFI/ ANTI-,S,O,A ACTIVI/ TO NON-PACIFI/ ACTIVI/S :O D\BT$ PACIFISM'S /RATEGIC DEP?1 RELIES SOLELY ON :ITE S\RCES4.<#f#e.> ,A BOOK POPUL> AMONG ,U,S PACIFI/S /ATES ?AT 0,AM]ICA HAS MORE (T5 BE5 ! TEA*] ?AN ! /UD5T ( ! NONVIOL5T IDEAL4.<#f#f.> ,PACIFI/S W\LD ALSO DO WELL TO EXAM9E ! COLOR ( VIOL5CE4 ,:5 WE M5TION RIOTS1 :OM DO WE 5VISION8 ,:ITE ACTIVI/S COMMITT+ PROP]TY DE/RUCTION AS A =M ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE MAY /RET*1 BUT DO NOT USUALLY LOSE1 ! PROTECTIVE COV]+ ( 0NONVIOL5CE40 ,PEOPLE ( COLOR 5GAG$ 9 POLITICALLY MOTIVAT$ PROP]TY DE/RUCTION1 UNLESS /RICTLY )9 ! RUBRIC ( A :ITE ACTIVI/-ORGANIZ$ PROTE/1 >E BANI%$ TO ! REALM ( VIOL5CE1 D5I$ CONSID]ATION AS ACTIVI/S1 NOT PORTRAY$ AS CONSCI5TI\S4 ,! RACISM ( ! JUDICIAL SY/EM1 A MAJOR & VIOL5T COMPON5T ( \R SOCIETY1 ?\< ONE R>ELY PRIORITIZ$ = OPPOSITION BY PACIFI/S1 HAS HAD A MAJOR IMPACT ON ! ,AM]ICAN PSY*E4 ,VIOL5CE & CRIM9ALITY >E NE>LY 9T]*ANGEABLE CONCEPTS 7CONSID] H[ COM=TABLE PACIFI/S >E 9 US+ ! T]M9OLOGY ( /ATI/ MORALITY -- = EXAMPLE1 0JU/ICE0 -- AS !IR [N71 & A *IEF PURPOSE ( BO? CONCEPTS IS TO E/ABLI% BLAME4 ,JU/ AS CRIM9ALS DES]VE REPRESSION & PUNI%M5T1 PEOPLE :O USE VIOL5CE DES]VE ! 9EVITABLE K>MIC VIOL5T CONSEQU5CES2 ?IS IS 9TEGRAL TO ! PACIFI/ POSITION4 ,!Y MAY D5Y BELIEV+ ?AT ANYONE DES]VES TO HAVE VIOL5CE US$ AGA9/ !M1 BUT A /OCK >GUM5T COMMON AMONG PACIFI/S IS ?AT REVOLUTION>IES %\LD NOT USE VIOL5CE BECAUSE ! /ATE WILL !N USE ?IS TO 0JU/IFY0 VIOL5T REPRESSION4 ,WELL1 TO :OM IS ?IS VIOL5T REPRESSION JU/IFI$1 & :Y >5'T ?OSE :O CLAIM TO BE AGA9/ VIOL5CE TRY+ TO UN-JU/IFY IT8 ,:Y DO NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S SEEK TO *ANGE SOCIETY'S MORALITY 9 H[ IT VIEWS OPPRESSION OR W>1 BUT ACCEPT ! MORALITY ( REPRESSION AS NATURAL & UNT\*ABLE8 ,?IS IDEA ( ! 9EVITABLE REPRESSIVE CONSEQU5CES ( MILITANCY FREQU5TLY GOES BEYOND HYPOCRISY TO \TRIE OPPRESS$ ) POLICE & /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE EV]Y DAY >E C\NSEL$ AGA9/ RESPOND+ ) VIOL5CE BECAUSE ?AT W\LD JU/IFY ! /ATE VIOL5CE ALREADY MOBILIZ$ AGA9/ !M4 ,VICTIM-BLAM+ WAS A KEY P>T ( PACIFI/ DISC\RSE1 /RATEGY EV51 9 ! #a#i#fS & #gS1 :5 MANY :ITE ACTIVI/S HELP$ JU/IFY /ATE ACTIONS & NEUTRALIZE :AT C\LD HAVE BECOME ANTI-GOV]NM5T \TRAGE AT VIOL5T /ATE REPRESSION ( BLACK & O!R LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS1 SU* AS ! POLICE ASSASS9ATIONS ( ,PAN!R ORGANIZ]S ,F]D ,HAMPTON & ,M>K ,CL>K4 ,RA!R ?AN SUPPORT+ & AID+ ! ,PAN!RS1 :ITE PACIFI/S F\ND IT MORE FA%IONABLE TO /ATE ?AT !Y HAD 0PROVOK$ VIOL5CE0 & 0BR\ ,MORE REC5TLY1 AT ! PREVI\SLY M5TION$ AN>*I/ CONF]5CE1 ,I *>G$ ?AT ! ,U,S ANTI-W> MOVEM5T DES]V$ TO %>E ! BLAME 9 ! DEA?S ( ?REE MILLION ,VIETNAMESE = BE+ SO ACCOMMODAT+ TO /ATE P[]4 ,A PACIFI/1 AN>*I/1 & ,*RI/IAN ,PEACEMAK] RESPOND$ TO MY *>GE BY /AT+ ?AT ! BLAME BELONG$ ) 7,I EXPECT$ HIM TO SAY ! ,U,S MILIT>Y ALONE1 BUT NO67 ,HO ,*I ,M9H & ! ,VIETNAMESE LEAD]%IP = PRACTIC+ >M$ /RUGGLE4.<#f#h.> 7,EI!R ?IS PACIFI/ CONSID]S ! ,VIETNAMESE PEOPLE UNABLE TO HAVE MADE ! HI /EP T[>D VIOL5T RESI/ANCE !MSELVES1 OR HE BLAMES !M AS WELL47 ,ONE GETS ! IMPRESSION ?AT IF MORE ,GYPSIES1 ,JEWS1 GAYS1 & O!RS HAD VIOL5TLY RESI/$ ! ,HOLOCAU/1 PACIFI/S W\LD F9D IT CONV5I5T TO BLAME ?AT LITTLE PH5OM5ON ON ! ABS5CE ( AN EXCLUSIVELY PACIFI/ OPPOSITION AS WELL4 ,BY PREA*+ NONVIOL5CE1 & AB&ON+ TO /ATE REPRESSION ?OSE :O DO NOT LI/5 OB$I5TLY1 :ITE ACTIVI/S :O ?9K !Y >E CONC]N$ AB\T RACISM >E ACTUALLY 5ACT+ A PAT]NALI/IC RELATION%IP & FULFILL+ ! USEFUL ROLE ( PACIFY+ ! OPPRESS$4 ,! PACIFICATION1 ?R\< NONVIOL5CE1 ( PEOPLE ( COLOR 9T]SECTS ) ! PREF]5CE ( :ITE SUPREMACI/ P[] /RUCTURES TO DIS>M ! OPPRESS$4 ,! CELEBRAT$ CIVIL RI\ND VOT] REGI/RATION4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,N,A,A,C,P & ! ,S\!RN ,*RI/IAN ,LEAD]%IP ,C\NCIL 7,S,C,L,C7 GOT PAID BY ! GOV]NM5T = !IR S]VICES4.<#f#i.> 7,& ! ,/UD5T ,NON-,VIOL5T ,COORD9AT+ ,COMMITTEE 7,S,N,C,C7 WAS L>GELY DEP5D5T ON ! DONATIONS ( WEAL?Y LIB]AL B5EFACTORS1 :I* IT LO/ :5 IT ADOPT$ A MORE MILITANT /ANCE1 A FACTOR ?AT CONTRIBUT$ TO ITS COLLAPSE47.<#g.> ,A C5TURY E>LI]1 ONE ( ! MAJOR ACTIVITIES ( ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN 9 ! YE>S FOLL[+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> WAS TO DIS>M ! 5TIRE BLACK POPULATION ( ! ,S\?1 /EAL+ ANY WEAPONS !Y C\LD F9D FROM NEWLY 0FRE$0 BLACK PEOPLE1 (T5 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! POLICE4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,KLAN ACT$ L>GELY AS A P>AMILIT>Y =CE = ! /ATE 9 TIMES ( UNRE/1 & BO? ! ,KLAN & MODEM ,U,S POLICE =CES HAVE ROOTS 9 ! ANTEBELLUM SLAVE PATROLS1 :I* REGUL>LY T]RORIZ$ BLACK PEOPLE AS A =M ( CONTROL1 9 :AT MI ,TODAY1 ) ! SECURITY ( ! RACIAL HI]>*Y ASSUR$1 ! ,KLAN HAS FALL5 9TO ! BACKGR\ND1 ! POLICE RETA9 !IR WEAPONS1 & PACIFI/S :O ?9K !MSELVES ALLIES URGE BLACK PEOPLE NOT TO RE->M !MSELVES1 O/RACIZ+ ?OSE :O DO4 ,A G5]ATION AFT] ! FAILURE ( ! CIVIL RIM+ ( BLACK PEOPLE & 5RI*$ BY !IR EVOLV+ SLAV]Y1 WAX PACIFI/ & DECRY ! PREVAL5CE ( LYRICS AB\T %OOT+ 7BACK AT7 COPS4 ,HIP-HOP >TI/S BOND$ TO ! MAJOR RECORD LABELS L>GELY AB&ON ! GLORIFICATION ( ANTI-/ATE VIOL5CE & REPLACE IT ) AN 9CREASE 9 ! MORE FA%IONABLE VIOL5CE AGA9/ WOM54 ,! APPE>ANCE ( NONVIOL5CE1 9 ! CASE ( BLACK PEOPLE NOT >M+ !MSELVES OR ADVOCAT+ /RUGGLE AGA9/ POLICE1 IS1 9 FACT1 A REFLECTION ( ! TRIUMPH ( A PREVI\S VIOL5CE4 ,! MASSIVE 9T]P]SONAL VIOL5CE ( ! ,KLAN CREAT$ A MAT]IAL %IFT ?AT IS MA9TA9$ BY SY/EMIZ$ & LESS VISIBLE POLICE VIOL5CE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! CULTURAL P[] ( :ITE ELITES1 ITSELF GA9$ & PRES]V$ ?R\< ALL SORTS ( ECONOMIC & GOV]NM5T VIOL5CE1 IS US$ TO CO-OPT BLACK CULTURE TO FO/] A CELEBRATION ( SOME ( ! SAME IDEOLOGICAL CON/RUCTS ?AT JU/IFI$ KIDNAPP+1 5SLAV+1 & LYN*+ BLACK PEOPLE 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 :ILE *ANNEL+ ! ANG] FROM G5]ATIONS ( ABUSE 9TO CYCLES ( VIOL5CE )9 BLACK COMMUNITIES1 RA!R ?AN ALL[+ IT TO FOM5T VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! ALL-TOO-DES]V+ AU?ORITIES4 ,9 ! P[] DYNAMIC DESCRIB$ 9 ?IS BRIEF HI/ORICAL SKET*1 & 9 SO MANY O!R HI/ORIES ( RACIAL OPPRESSION1 PEOPLE :O 9SI/ ON NONVIOL5CE AMONG ! OPPRESS$1 IF !Y >E TO HAVE ANY ROLE1 5D UP DO+ ! WORK ( ! :ITE SUPREMACI/ P[] /RUCTURE :E!R !Y MEAN TO OR NOT4 ,ROB]T ,WILLIAMS PROVID$ AN ALT]NATIVE TO ?IS LEGACY ( DIS>MAM5T4 ,SADLY1 HIS /ORY IS LEFT \T ( ! DOM9ANT N>RATIVE F\ND 9 /ATE-SANCTION$ S*OOL TEXTBOOKS1 &1 IF PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE HAVE ANY?+ TO SAY AB\T IT1 IS ALSO EXCLUD$ FROM ! MOVEM5T'S SELF-N>RATIVE & UND]/&+ ( ITS [N HI/ORY4 ,BEG9N+ 9 #a#i#e#g1 ,ROB]T ,WILLIAMS >M$ ! ,N,A,A,C,P *APT] 9 ,MONROE1 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A1 TO REPEL ATTACKS FROM ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN & ! POLICE4 ,WILLIAMS 9FLU5C$ ! =MATION ( O!R >M$ SELF-DEF5SE GR\PS1 9CLUD+ ! ,DEACONS = ,DEF5SE & ,JU/ICE1 :I* GREW TO 9CLUDE FIFTY *APT]S ?R\<\T ! ,S\? ?AT PROTECT$ BLACK COMMUNITIES & CIVIL RI ,IT IS EXACTLY !SE /ORIES ( EMP[]M5T ?AT :ITE PACIFI/S IGNORE OR BLOT \T4 ,NONVIOL5CE 9 ! H&S ( :ITE PEOPLE HAS BE5 & CONT9UES TO BE A COLONIAL 5T]PRISE4 ,:ITE ELITES 9/RUCT ! NATIVES 9 H[ TO RUN !IR ECONOMIES & GOV]NM5TS1 :ILE :ITE DISSID5TS 9/RUCT ! NATIVES 9 H[ TO RUN !IR RESI/ANCE4 ,ON ,APRIL #b1 #b#f1 A CO-F\ND] ( ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS 7,F,N,B71 ! MAJORITY-:ITE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN GR\P :I* S]VES FREE FOOD 9 PUBLIC PLACES ?R\< ONE HUNDR$ *APT]S 7MO/LY 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ,AU/RALIA1 & ,EUROPE71 S5T \T A CALL = SUPPORT = ! NEW ,F,N,B *APT] 9 ,NIG]IA4 ,?IS ,M>* ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS CO-F\ND] ,KEI? ,MC,H5RY & LOCAL ,NIG]IAN VOLUNTE] ,Y9KA ,DADA VISIT$ ! PEOPLE SUFF]+ 9 ! %AD[ ( ,NIG]IA'S OIL REF9]IES4 ,:ILE CONDITIONS 9 ! REGION >E T]RIBLE1 BOMBS >E NOT A GOOD WAY TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS4 ,! CRISIS 9 ,NIG]IA HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO OIL PRICES HITT+ A RECORD @s#g#b A B>REL4 ,IT'S UND]/&ABLE ?AT PEOPLE >E FRU/RAT$ ?AT ! PR(ITS ( !IR RES\RCES >E 5RI*+ =EIGN COMPANIES :ILE !IR 5VIRONM5T IS POLLUT$ & !Y LIVE 9 POV]TY4 ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS IS (F]+ A NONVIOL5T SOLUTION4.<#g#c.> ,! ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS CALL = SUPPORT CONDEMN$ ! ACTIONS ( ! REBEL MILITIA1 ,M,5,D1 :I* IS SEEK+ AUTONOMY = ! ,IJAW PEOPLE ( ! ,NIG] ,DELTA & AN 5D TO ! DE/RUCTIVE OIL 9DU/RY 7:]EAS ,F,N,B 0WELCOM$ ,NIG]IAN ,PRESID5T ,OLUSEGUN ,OBASANJO'S ANN\NCEM5T ( NEW JOBS 9 ! ,DELTA ,REGION0 FROM OIL REV5UES74 ,M,5,D HAD KIDNAPP$ SEV]AL =EIGN 7,U,S & ,EUROPEAN7 OIL-COMPANY EMPLOYES TO DEM& AN 5D TO GOV]NM5T REPRESSION & CORPORATE EXPLOITATION 7! HO/AGES W]E RELEAS$ UNH>M$74 ,CURI\SLY1 :ILE !Y CONDEMN$ ! KIDNAPP+1 ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS FAIL$ TO M5TION ! BOMB+1 BY ! ,NIG]IAN MILIT>Y UND] ,PRESID5T ,OBASANJO1 ( SEV]AL ,IJAW VILLAGES BELIEV$ TO SUPPORT ,M,5,D4 ,& :ILE !RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT ! 0NONVIOL5T SOLUTION0 !Y SAY !Y >E 0(F]+0 WILL DO ANY?+ TO FREE ,NIG]IANS FROM ! EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION !Y SUFF]1 IF NONVIOL5CE W]E IMPLEM5T$ AMONG ,NIG]IANS ?AT W\LD SURELY AV]T ! GOV]NM5T'S 0CRISIS0 & BR+ OIL PRICES BACK D[N1 :I*1 ,I SUPPOSE1 MAKES ?+S MORE PEACEFUL 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,FAC$ ) ! TOTAL REPRESSION ( ! :ITE SUPREMACI/ SY/EM1 ! OBVI\S USELESSNESS ( ! POLITICAL PROCESS1 & ! %AMELESS EF=TS ( A DISSID5T ELITE TO EXPLOIT & CONTROL ! RAGE ( ! OPPRESS$1 IT %\LD BE NO SURPRISE OR CONTROV]SY AT ALL ?AT 0! COLONIZ$ MAN F9DS HIS FRE$OM 9 & ?R\< VIOL5CE10 TO USE ! WORDS ( ,FRANTZ ,FANON1 ! DOCTOR FROM ,M>T9IQUE :O AU?OR$ ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT WORKS ON ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ COLONIALISM4.<#g#d.> ,MO/ :ITE PEOPLE HAVE 5\< PRIVILEGE & LATITUDE ?AT WE MAY MI/AKE !SE G5]\SLY LONG1 VELVET-PADD$ *A9S = FRE$OM1 SO WE COM=TABLY AGITATE )9 ! P>AMET]S ( DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY 7! BORD]S ( :I* >E COMPOS$ ( VIOL5TLY 5=C$ RACIAL1 ECONOMIC1 SEXUAL1 & GOV]NM5TAL /RUCTURES74 ,SOME ( US >E FUR!R MI/AK5 9 ASSUM+ ?AT ALL PEOPLE FACE !SE SAME CIRCUM/ANCES1 & EXPECT PEOPLE ( COLOR TO EX]CISE PRIVILEGES !Y DON'T ACTUALLY HAVE4 ,BUT BEYOND ! /RATEGIC NECESSITY ( ATTACK+ ! /ATE ) ALL MEANS AVAILABLE TO US1 HAVE ?OSE ( US NOT FAC$ ) DAILY POLICE 9TIMIDATION1 DEGRADATION1 & SUBORD9ATION CONSID]$ ! UPLIFT+ EFFECT ( =CEFULLY FIT ( LIB]ATION /RUGGLE.> IS A CLEANS+ =CE4 ,IT FREES ! NATIVE FROM HIS 9F]IORITY COMPLEX444& FROM HIS DESPAIR & 9ACTION2 IT MAKES HIM FE>LESS & RE/ORES HIS SELF RESPECT40.<#g#e.> ,BUT PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE :O COME FROM PRIVILEG$ BACKGR\NDS1 ) MAT]IAL & PSY*OLOGICAL COM=TS GU>ANTE$ & PROTECT$ BY A VIOL5T ORD]1 DO NOT GR[ UP ) AN 9F]IORITY COMPLEX VIOL5TLY P\ND$ 9TO !M4 ,! >ROGANCE ( PACIFI/S' ASSUMPTION ?AT !Y CAN DICTATE :I* =MS ( /RUGGLE >E MORAL & EFFECTIVE TO PEOPLE :O LIVE 9 F> DIFF]5T1 F> MORE VIOL5T CIRCUM/ANCES IS A/\ND+4 ,SUBURBAN :ITE PEOPLE :O LECTURE *ILDR5 ( ! ,J59 REFUGEE CAMP OR ! ,COLOMBIAN KILL+ FIELDS ON RESI/ANCE BE> A /RIK+ SIMIL>ITY TO1 SAY1 ,WORLD ,BANK ECONOMI/S :O DICTATE 0GOOD0 AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO ,9DIAN F>M]S :O HAVE 9H]IT$ C5TURIES-OLD AGRICULTURAL TRADITIONS4 ,& ! B5IGN RELATION%IP ( PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE TO GLOBAL SY/EMS ( VIOL5CE %\LD RAISE S]I\S QUE/IONS AS TO ! S9C]ITY ( PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE1 91 ?IS CASE :ITE PEOPLE1 :O ESP\SE NONVIOL5CE4 ,TO QUOTE ,D>R5 ,P>K] AGA91 0,! APPE>ANCE1 AT LEA/1 ( A NONVIOL5T SPIRIT IS MU* EASI] TO ATTA9 :5 ONE IS NOT ! DIRECT RECIPI5T ( ! 9JU/ICE & MAY 9 FACT SIMPLY REPRES5T PSY*OLOGICAL DI/ANCE4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT'S MU* EASI] TO ',LOVE ?Y 5EMY' :5 !Y >E NOT ACTUALLY Y\R 5EMY40.<#g#f.> ,YES1 PEOPLE ( COLOR1 POOR PEOPLE & PEOPLE FROM ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? HAVE ADVOCAT$ NONVIOL5CE 7?\< TYPICALLY SU* PACIFI/S COME FROM MORE PRIVILEG$ /RATA ( !IR COMMUNITIES72 H[EV]1 ONLY ?R\< A HIDLESS ( PRIVILEGE1 WE %\LD BE ABLE TO TRU/ \R [N ANALYSIS1 BUT :5 ?AT ANALYSIS RE/S ON A DUBI\S MORAL HI< GR\ND & A CONV5I5TLY SELECTIVE 9T]PRETATION ( :AT CON/ITUTES VIOL5CE1 *ANCES >E \R SELF-CRITICISM HAS FALL5 ASLEEP ON ! JOB4 ,:5 WE UND]/& ?AT PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE D]IVE MAT]IAL B5EFITS FROM ! EXPLOITATION ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 & ?AT ?IS MEANS WE B5EFIT FROM ! VIOL5CE US$ TO KEEP !M D[N1 WE CANNOT S9C]ELY CONDEMN !M = VIOL5TLY REBELL+ AGA9/ ! /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE ?AT PRIVILEGES US4 7,?OSE :O HAVE EV] CONDEMN$ ! VIOL5T RESI/ANCE ( PEOPLE :O HAVE GR[N UP 9 MORE OPPRESSIVE CIRCUM/ANCES ?AN !MSELVES %\LD ?9K AB\T ?IS ! NEXT TIME !Y EAT A BANANA OR DR9K A CUP ( C(FEE47 ,I HOPE IT IS WELL UND]/OOD ?AT ! GOV]NM5T USES MORE VIOL5T =MS ( REPRESSION AGA9/ PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 RESI/ANCE ?AN AGA9/ :ITE PEOPLE4 ,:5 ,OGLALA TRADITIONALS & ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T /OOD UP ON ,P9E ,RIDGE ,RES]VATION 9 ! #a#i#gS TO ASS]T A LITTLE 9DEP5D5CE & TO ORGANIZE AGA9/ ! 5DEMIC BULLY+ ( ! IMPOS$ 0TRIBAL GOV]NM5T10 ! ,P5TAGON1 ,F,B,I1 ,U,S ,M>%ALS1 & ,BUREAU ( ,9DIAN ,AFFAIRS 9/ITUT$ A FULL-FL$G$ C\NT]9SURG5CY PROGRAM ?AT RESULT$ 9 DAILY VIOL5CE & DOZ5S ( DEA?S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,W>D ,*UR*ILL & ,JIM ,V&] ,WALL1 0,! PR9CIPLE ( >M$ SELF-DEF5SE HAD1 = ! DISSID5TS1 BECOME A NECESSITY ( SURVIVAL40.<#g#g.> ,! ONLY PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE ,I HAVE EV] HE>D REJECT EV5 ! LEGITIMACY ( SELF-DEF5SE HAVE BE5 :ITE1 & ?\< !Y MAY HOLD UP !IR ,OSC> ,ROM]OS1 !Y & !IR FAMILIES HAVE NOT P]SONALLY HAD !IR SURVIVAL ?REAT5$ AS A RESULT ( !IR ACTIVISM4.<#g#h.> ,I HAVE A H>D TIME BELIEV+ ?AT !IR AV]SION TO VIOL5CE HAS AS MU* TO DO ) PR9CIPLES AS ) PRIVILEGE & IGNORANCE4 ,& BEYOND M]E SELF-DEF5SE1 :E!R 9DIVIDUALS HAVE FAC$ ! POSSIBILITY ( HAV+ TO FIGELY ON ! COLOR ( !IR SK9 & !IR PLACE 9 V>I\S NATIONAL & GLOBAL HI]>*IES ( OPPRESSION4 ,IT IS !SE EXP]I5CES ?AT NONVIOL5CE IGNORES BY TREAT+ VIOL5CE AS A MORAL ISSUE OR A *OS5 ?+4 ,! CULTURALLY S5SITIVE ALT]NATIVE )9 PACIFISM IS ?AT PRIVILEG$ ACTIVI/S ALL[1 OR EV5 SUPPORT1 MILITANT RESI/ANCE 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?1 & POSSIBLY 9 ! 9T]NAL COLONIES ( ! ,EURO_/,AM]ICAN /ATES1 & ONLY ADVOCATE NONVIOL5CE TO PEOPLE ) A SIMIL>LY PRIVILEG$ BACKGR\ND4 ,?IS =MULATION PRES5TS A NEW RACISM1 SUGGE/+ ?AT ! FIRI$ \T BY PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ! MORE OV]TLY OPPRESSIVE /ATES ( ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?1 :ILE PRIVILEG$ CITIZ5S ( ! IMP]IAL C5T]S MAY BE CONT5T$ ) MORE CONTEXTUALLY APPROPRIATE =MS ( RESI/ANCE SU* AS PROTE/ RALLIES & SIT-9S4 ,AN ANTI-RACI/ ANALYSIS1 ON ! O!R H&1 REQUIRES :ITE PEOPLE TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! VIOL5CE AGA9/ :I* PEOPLE ( COLOR MU/ DEF5D !MSELVES ORIG9ATES 9 ! :ITE 0,FIR/ ,WORLD40 ,?US1 APPROPRIATE RESI/ANCE TO A REGIME ?AT WAGES W> AGA9/ COLONIZ$ PEOPLE ACROSS ! GLOBE IS TO BR+ ! W> HOME2 TO BUILD AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 COOP]ATIVE1 & ANTI-RACI/ CULTURE AMONG :ITE PEOPLE2 TO ATTACK 9/ITUTIONS ( IMP]IALISM2 & TO EXT5D SUPPORT TO OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 9 RESI/ANCE )\T UND]M9+ ! SOV]EIGNTY ( !IR /RUGGLE4 ,H[EV]1 NON-ABSOLUTI/ PACIFI/S :O ALL[ = A LITTLE CULTURAL RELATIVISM >E TYPICALLY LESS LIKELY TO SUPPORT >M$ REVOLUTION :5 ! FIE/ URBAN D0 T5D5CY1 :I* IS FUEL$ BY ! RECOGNITION ?AT A REVOLUTION !RE W\LD BE EXCIT+1 BUT A REVOLUTION H]E W\LD DEPRIVE PRIVILEG$ ACTIVI/S ( \R COM=T4 ,ALSO PRES5T IS ! LAT5T FE> ( RACIAL UPRIS+1 :I* IS ASSUAG$ ONLY :5 IT IS SUBORD9AT$ TO A NONVIOL5T E?IC4 ,BLACK PEOPLE M>*+ IS PHOTOG5IC4 ,BLACK PEOPLE ) GUNS EVOKES ! VIOL5T CRIME REPORTS ON ! NIITY )1 REVOLUTION>IES ( COLOR ON ! HOME FRONT IS LIMIT$ TO 9]T M>TYRS -- ! DEAD & ! IMPRISON$4 ,! CONTRADICTION 9 O/5SIBLY REVOLUTION>Y PACIFISM IS ?AT REVOLUTION IS NEV] SAFE1 BUT TO ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ITS PRACTITION]S & ADVOCATES1 PACIFISM IS AB\T /AY+ SAFE1 NOT GETT+ HURT1 NOT ALI5AT+ ANYONE1 NOT GIV+ ANYONE A BITT] PILL TO SWALL[4 ,9 MAK+ ! CONNECTION BETWE5 PACIFISM & ! SELF-PRES]VATION ( PRIVILEG$ ACTIVI/S1 ,W>D ,*UR*ILL QUOTES A PACIFI/ ORGANIZ] DUR+ ! ,VIETNAM ]A :O D5\NC$ ! REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS ( ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY & ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND BECAUSE ?OSE TACTICS W]E 0A REALLY DANG]\S ?+ = ALL ( US444!Y RUN ! V]Y REAL RISK ( BR++ ! SAME SORT ( VIOL5T REPRESSION . D[N ON ALL ( US40.<#g#i.> ,OR1 TO QUOTE ,DAVID ,GILB]T1 :O IS S]V+ AN EFFECTIVE LIFE S5T5CE = HIS ACTIONS AS A MEMB] ( ! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND :O W5T ON TO SUPPORT ! ,BLACK ,LIB]ATION ,>MY1 0,:ITES HAD SOME?+ TO PROTECT4 ,IT WAS COM=TABLE TO BE AT ! PEAK ( A MORALLY PRE/IGI\S MOVEM5T = *ANGE :ILE ,BLACK PEOPLE W]E TAK+ ! MA9 CASUALTIES = ! /RUGGLE40.<#h.> ,! PACIFI/ DESIRE = SAFETY CONT9UES TODAY4 ,9 #b#c1 A NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/ REASSUR$ A ,SEATTLE NEWSPAP] AB\T ! *>ACT] ( PLANN$ PROTE/S4 0,I'M NOT SAY+ ?AT WE W\LD NOT SUPPORT CIVIL DISOB$I5CE10 ,WOLDT SAID4 0,?AT HAS BE5 P>T ( ! PEACE MOVEM5T ?AT *UR* PEOPLE HAVE 5GAG$ 91 BUT WE >E NOT 9TO PROP]TY DAMAGE OR ANY?+ ?AT CREATES NEGATIVE CONSEQU5CES = US40.<#h#a.> ,& ON A LI/S]V = A RADICAL 5VIRONM5TAL CAMPAIGN 9 #b#d1 A LAW /UD5T & ACTIVI/1 AFT] 9VIT+ AN OP5 DISCUSSION ( TACTICS1 ADVOCAT$ AN 5D TO ! M5TION ( NON-PACIFI/ TACTICS & DEM&$ A /RICT ADH]5CE TO NONVIOL5CE ON ! GR\NDS ?AT NON-PACIFI/ GR\PS 0GET ANNIHILAT$40.<#h#b.> ,ANO!R ACTIVI/ 7&1 9CID5TALLY1 ONE ( ! O!R LAW /UD5TS ON ! LI/7 AGRE$1 ADD+1 0,I ?9K ?AT HAV+ A DISCUSSION AB\T VIOL5T TACTICS ON ?IS LI/ IS PLAY+ ) FIRE1 & IT IS PUTT+ EV]YONE AT RISK40 ,%E WAS ALSO CONC]N$ ?AT 0TWO ( US WILL BE FAC+ ! /> *AMB] ( ! E?ICS COMMITTEE ( ! ,B> ,ASSOCIATION SOMETIME 9 ! NE> FUTURE40.<#h#c.> ,( C\RSE1 PROPON5TS ( MILITANCY MU/ UND]/& ?AT !RE IS A GREAT NE$ = CAUTION :5 WE DISCUSS TACTICS1 ESPECIALLY VIA E-MAIL1 & ?AT WE FACE ! HURDLE ( BUILD+ SUPPORT = ACTIONS ?AT >E MORE LIKELY TO GET US H>ASS$ OR IMPRISON$1 EV5 IF ALL WE DO IS DISCUSS !M4 ,H[EV]1 9 ?IS EXAMPLE1 ! TWO LAW /UD5TS W]E NOT SAY+ ?AT ! GR\P %\LD DISCUSS ONLY LEGAL TACTICS OR HYPO!TICAL TACTICS1 !Y W]E SAY+ ?AT ! GR\P %\LD DISCUSS ONLY NONVIOL5T TACTICS4 ,S9CE IT HAD BE5 BILL$ AS A DISCUSSION TO HELP ! GR\P CREATE IDEOLOGICAL COMMON GR\ND1 ?IS WAS A MANIPULATIVE WAY ( US+ ?REATS ( GOV]NM5T REPRESSION TO PREV5T ! GR\P FROM EV5 CONSID]+ ANY?+ O!R ?AN AN EXPLICITLY NONVIOL5T PHILOSOPHY4 ,BECAUSE ( ! WEIY UPRIS+S 9 !IR [N BACKY>D1 !RE HAS BE5 A LONG HI/ORY ( BETRAYAL BY :ITE PACIFI/S :O HAVE CONDEMN$ & AB&ON$ REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS TO /ATE VIOL5CE4 ,RA!R ?AN 0PUTT+ !MSELVES 9 H>M'S WAY0 TO PROTECT MEMB]S ( ! BLACK1 BR[N1 & R$ LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS 7A PROTECTION !IR PRIVILEGE MIIES DES]V$ IT BY 5GAG+ 9 MILITANT RESI/ANCE4 7,N[ADAYS1 !Y >E CLAIM+ ?AT ! LIB]ATIONI/S' ULTIMATE DEFEAT1 :I* PACIFI/S FACILITAT$1 IS PRO( ( ! 9EFFECTIV5ESS ( LIB]ATIONI/S' TACTICS47 ,REV]$ PACIFI/ ,DAVID ,DELL+] ADMITS ?AT 0ONE ( ! FACTORS ?AT 9DUCES S]I\S REVOLUTION>IES & DISC\RAG$ ,DAVID ,GILB]T CONCLUDES ?AT 0FAILURE TO DEVELOP SOLID>ITY ) ! ,BLACK & O!R LIB]ATION /RUGGLES )9 ! ,U,S 7,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN1 ,*ICANO_/,MEXICAN1 ,PU]TO ,RICAN7 IS ONE ( ! SEV]AL FACTORS ?AT CAUS$ \R MOVEM5T TO FALL AP>T 9 ! MID-#gS40.<#h#e.> ,MUMIA ,ABU-,JAMAL QUE/IONS1 W]E :ITE RADICALS 0REALLY READY TO EMB>K ON A REVOLUTION1 ONE ?AT DID NOT PRIZE :IT5ESS80.<#h#f.> ,AT FIR/1 NONVIOL5CE SEEMS LIKE A CLE> MORAL POSITION ?AT HAS LITTLE TO DO ) RACE4 ,?IS VIEW IS BAS$ ON ! SIMPLI/IC ASSUMPTION ?AT VIOL5CE IS FIR/ & =EMO/ SOME?+ ?AT WE *OOSE4 ,BUT :I* PEOPLE 9 ?IS WORLD HAVE ! PRIVILEGE TO *OOSE VIOL5CE1 & :I* PEOPLE LIVE 9 VIOL5T CIRCUM/ANCES :E!R !Y WANT TO OR NOT8 ,G5]ALLY1 NONVIOL5CE IS A PRIVILEG$ PRACTICE1 ONE ?AT COMES \T ( ! EXP]I5CES ( :ITE PEOPLE1 & IT DOES NOT ALWAYS MAKE S5SE = PEOPLE )\T :ITE PRIVILEGE OR = :ITE PEOPLE ATTEMPT+ TO DE/ROY ! SY/EM ( PRIVILEGE & OPPRESSION4 ,MANY PEOPLE ( COLOR HAVE ALSO US$ NONVIOL5CE1 :I* 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES HAS BE5 AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO /AY SAFE 9 ! FACE ( VIOL5T DISCRIM9ATION1 :ILE SEEK+ LIMIT$ RE=MS ?AT DO NOT ULTIMATELY *ANGE ! DI/RIBUTION ( P[] 9 SOCIETY4 ,! USE ( NONVIOL5CE BY PEOPLE ( COLOR HAS G5]ALLY BE5 A COMPROMISE TO A :ITE P[] /RUCTURE4 ,RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! :ITE P[] /RUCTURE PREF]S ! OPPRESS$ TO BE NONVIOL5T1 SOME PEOPLE HAVE *OS5 TO USE NONVIOL5T TACTICS TO =E/ALL EXTREME REPRESSION1 MASSACRES1 OR EV5 G5OCIDE4 ,MOVEM5TS ( PEOPLE ( COLOR PEACEFULLY PURSU+ REVOLUTION>Y GOALS HAVE T5D$ TO USE A =M ( NONVIOL5CE ?AT IS LESS ABSOLUTE1 & MORE CONFRONTATIONAL & DANG]\S1 ?AN ! K9D ( NONVIOL5CE PRES]V$ 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA TODAY4 ,& EV5 !N1 ! PRACTICE ( NONVIOL5CE IS (T5 SUBSIDIZ$ BY :ITES 9 P[]1.<#h#g.> US$ BY :ITE DISSID5TS OR GOV]NM5T (FICIALS TO MANIPULATE ! MOVEM5T = !IR COM=T1 & USUALLY AB&ON$ BY L>GE PORTIONS ( ! GRASSROOTS 9 FAVOR ( MORE MILITANT TACTICS4 ,! USE ( NONVIOL5CE TO PRES]VE :ITE PRIVILEGE1 )9 ! MOVEM5T OR SOCIETY AT L>GE1 IS /ILL COMMON TODAY4 ,ON 9SPECTION1 NONVIOL5CE PROVES TO BE TANGL$ UP ) DYNAMICS ( RACE & P[]4 ,RACE IS ESS5TIAL TO \R EXP]I5CE ( OPPRESSION & ( RESI/ANCE4 ,A LONG /&+ COMPON5T ( RACISM HAS BE5 ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ,EUROPEANS1 OR ,EUROPEAN SETTL]S ON O!R CONT95TS1 HAVE KN[N :AT IS BE/ = PEOPLE !Y CONSID]$ 0LESS CIVILIZ$40 ,PEOPLE FI\ND ! WORLD ORIG9ATES 9 ! P[] /RUCTURE ?AT PRIVILEGES :ITE PEOPLE %\LD L5D :ITE PEOPLE GREAT] URG5CY 9 PU%+ ! B\ND>IES = ! LEVEL ( MILITANCY ?AT IS CONSID]$ ACCEPTABLE 9 :ITE COMMUNITIES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 = ?OSE ( US :O >E :ITE1 IT BECOMES \R DUTY TO BUILD \R [N MILITANT CULTURE ( RESI/ANCE1 &1 CONTR>Y TO ! ROLE ( TEA*] HI/ORICALLY SELF-APPO9T$ TO :ITE PEOPLE1 WE HAVE A GREAT DEAL TO LE>N FROM ! /RUGGLES ( PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,:ITE RADICALS MU/ $UCATE O!R :ITE PEOPLE AB\T :Y PEOPLE ( COLOR >E JU/IFI$ 9 REBELL+ VIOL5TLY & :Y WE TOO %\LD USE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS TO FREE \RSELVES1 /RUGGLE 9 SOLID>ITY ) ALL :O HAVE REJECT$ !IR PLACE AS ! LACKEYS OR SLAVES ( ! ELITE1 & 5D !SE GLOBAL SY/EMS ( OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 O ,*APT] #c 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,/ATI/ ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,/ATI/ ,PUT QUITE PLA9LY1 NONVIOL5CE 5SURES A /ATE MONOPOLY ON VIOL5CE4 ,/ATES -- ! C5TRALIZ$ BUREAUCRACIES ?AT PROTECT CAPITALISM2 PRES]VE A :ITE SUPREMACI/1 PATRI>*AL ORD]2 & IMPLEM5T IMP]IALI/ EXPANSION -- SURVIVE BY ASSUM+ ! ROLE ( ! SOLE LEGITIMATE PURVEYOR ( VIOL5T =CE )9 !IR T]RITORY4 ,ANY /RUGGLE AGA9/ OPPRESSION NECESSITATES A CONFLICT ) ! /ATE4 ,PACIFI/S DO ! /ATE'S WORK BY PACIFY+ ! OPPOSITION 9 ADVANCE4.<#h#h.> ,/ATES1 = !IR P>T1 DISC\RAGE MILITANCY )9 ! OPPOSITION1 & 5C\RAGE PASSIVITY4 ,SOME PACIFI/S OBSCURE ?IS MUTUAL RELATION%IP BY CLAIM+ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T W\LD JU/ LOVE TO SEE !M AB&ON !IR NONVIOL5T DISCIPL9E & GIVE 9 TO VIOL5CE1 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T EV5 5C\RAGES VIOL5CE FROM DISSID5TS1 & ?AT MANY ACTIVI/S URG+ MILITANCY >E1 9 FACT1 GOV]NM5T PROVOCATEURS4.<#h#i.> ,?US1 !Y >GUE1 IT IS ! MILITANT ACTIVI/S :O >E PLAY+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! /ATE4 ,AL?\< 9 SOME 9/ANCES ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T HAS US$ 9FILTRATORS TO 5C\RAGE RESI/ANCE GR\PS TO HO>D WEAPONS OR PLAN VIOL5T ACTIONS 7= EXAMPLE1 9 ! CASES ( ! ,MOLLY ,MAGUIRES & ,JONA?AN ,JACKSON'S ATTEMPT$ C\R?\SE /RIKE.<#i.>71 A CRITICAL DI/9CTION MU/ BE MADE4 ,! GOV]NM5T ONLY 5C\RAGES VIOL5CE :5 IT IS SURE ?AT ! VIOL5CE CAN BE CONTA9$ & WILL NOT GET \T ( H&4 ,9 ! 5D1 CAUS+ A MILITANT RESI/ANCE GR\P TO ACT PREMATURELY OR WALK 9TO A TRAP ELIM9ATES ! GR\P'S POT5TIAL = VIOL5CE BY GU>ANTEE+ AN EASY LIFE S5T5CE OR ALL[+ AU?ORITIES TO SIDE/EP ! JUDICIAL PROCESS & KILL (F ! RADICALS MORE QUICKLY1 ,ON ! :OLE1 & 9 NE>LY ALL O!R 9/ANCES1 ! AU?ORITIES PACIFY ! POPULATION & DISC\RAGE VIOL5T REBELLION4 ,!RE IS A CLE> REASON = ?IS4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! FATU\S CLAIMS ( PACIFI/S ?AT !Y SOMEH[ EMP[] !MSELVES BY CUTT+ \T ! GREAT] P>T ( !IR TACTICAL OPTIONS1 GOV]NM5TS EV]Y:]E RECOGNIZE ?AT UNCON/RA9$ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM POSES ! GREAT] ?REAT ( *ANG+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( P[] 9 SOCIETY4 ,?\< ! /ATE ALWAYS RES]VES ! RIY GOALS AS POT5TIAL1 RA!R ?AN ACTUAL1 ?REATS4 ,!Y SPY ON SU* MOVEM5TS TO /AY AW>E ( DEVELOPM5TS1 & !Y USE A C>ROT-&-/ICK APPROA* TO H]D SU* MOVEM5TS 9TO FULLY PEACEFUL1 LEGAL1 & 9EFFECTIVE *ANNELS4 ,NONVIOL5T GR\PS MAY BE SUBJECT$ TO BEAT+S1 BUT SU* GR\PS >E NOT T>GET$ = ELIM9ATION 7EXCEPT BY REGRESSIVE GOV]NM5TS OR GOV]NM5TS FAC+ A P]IOD ( EM]G5CY ?AT ?REAT5S !IR /ABILITY74 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! /ATE TREATS MILITANT GR\PS 7?OSE SAME GR\PS PACIFI/S DEEM 9EFFECTIVE7 AS ACTUAL ?REATS & ATTEMPTS TO NEUTRALIZE !M ) HIF>E OP]ATIONS4 ,HUNDR$S ( UNION ORGANIZ]S1 AN>*I/S1 COMMUNI/S1 & MILITANT F>M]S W]E KILL$ 9 ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ /RUGGLES ( ! LATE #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURIES4 ,DUR+ ! LA/ G5]ATION'S LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 ,F,B,I-SUPPORT$ P>AMILIT>IES KILL$ SIXTY ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T 7,A,I,M7 ACTIVI/S & SUPPORT]S ON ! ,P9E ,RIDGE ,RES]VATION ALONE1 & ! ,F,B,I1 LOCAL POLICE1 & PAID AG5TS KILL$ DOZ5S ( MEMB]S ( ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY1 ,REPUBLIC ( ,NEW ,AFRIKA1 ! ,BLACK ,LIB]ATION ,>MY1 & O!R GR\PS4.<#i#a.> ,VA/ RES\RCES W]E MOBILIZ$ T[>D 9FILTRAT+ & DE/ROY+ MILITANT REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS DUR+ ! ,C,O,9,T,E,L,P,R,O ]A4 ,ANY H9T ( MILITANT ORGANIZ+ BY COLONIZ$ PEOPLES1 ,PU]TO ,RICANS1 & O!RS )9 ,U,S T]RITORIAL PURVIEW /ILL 9CURS VIOL5T REPRESSION4 ,PRIOR TO ,SEPTEMB] #a#a1 ! ,F,B,I HAD NAM$ ! SABOTEURS & >SONI/S ( ! ,E>? ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,E,L,F7 & ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,A,L,F7 AS ! GREATE/ DOME/IC T]RORISM ?REATS1 EV5 ?\< !SE TWO GR\PS HAD KILL$ EXACTLY Z]O PEOPLE4 ,EV5 S9CE ! BOMB+S ( ! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,C5T] & ! ,P5TAGON1 ! ,E,L,F & ,A,L,F HAVE REMA9$ PRIORITIES = GOV]NM5T REPRESSION1 AS SE5 9 ! >RE/S ( OV] A DOZ5 ALLEG$ ,E,L,F_/,A,L,F MEMB]S2 ! AGREEM5T ( MANY ( !SE PRISON]S TO BECOME SNIT*ES AFT] ONE ( !M DI$ 9 A SUSPICI\S SUICIDE & ALL ( !M HAD BE5 ?REAT5$ ) LIFE S5T5CES2 & ! 9C>C]ATION ( SEV]AL MEMB]S ( AN ABOVE-GR\ND ANIMAL RI ,& AT A TIME :5 ! ,LEFT WAS %OCK$ ?AT ! POLICE & MILIT>Y W]E SPY+ ON PEACE GR\PS1 F> LESS ATT5TION WAS GIV5 TO ! GOV]NM5T'S CONT9U+ REPRESSION ( ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 9CLUD+ ! ,F,B,I ASSASS9ATION ( ,MA*ET]O LEAD] ,FILIB]TO ,OJ$A ,RIOS4.<#i#c.> ,BUT WE NE$ NOT 9F] ! OP9IONS & PRIORITIES ( ! /ATE'S SECURITY APP>ATUS FROM ! ACTIONS ( ITS AG5TS4 ,WE CAN TAKE !IR WORD = IT4 ,F,B,I ,C,O,9,T,E,L,P,R,O DOCUM5TS1 REVEAL$ TO ! PUBLIC ONLY BECAUSE 9 #aiga SOME ACTIVI/S BROKE 9TO AN ,F,B,I (FICE 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA & /OLE !M1 CLE>LY DEMON/RATE ?AT A MAJOR OBJECTIVE ( ! ,F,B,I IS TO KEEP W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>IES PASSIVE4 ,9 A LI/ ( FIVE GOALS ) REG>D TO BLACK NATIONALI/ & BLACK LIB]ATION GR\PS1 9 ! #a#i#fS1 ! ,F,B,I 9CLUDES ! FOLL[+3 ,PREV5T VIOL5CE ON ! P>T ( BLACK NATIONALI/ GR\PS4 ,?IS IS ( PRIM>Y IMPORTANCE1 & IS1 ( C\RSE1 A GOAL ( \R 9VE/IGATIVE ACTIVITY2 IT %\LD ALSO BE A GOAL ( ! ,C\NT]9TELLIG5CE ,PROGRAM .<9 ! ORIG9AL GOV]NM5T L+O1 ?AT PHRASE REF]S TO A SPECIFIC OP]ATION1 ( :I* !RE W]E ?\S&S1 & NOT ! OV]>*+ PROGRAM.>4 ,?R\< C\NT]9TELLIG5CE IT %\LD BE POSSIBLE TO P9PO9T POT5TIAL TR\BLEMAK]S & NEUTRALIZE !M BE=E !Y EX]CISE !IR POT5TIAL = VIOL5CE4.<#i#d.> ,9 ID5TIFY+ SUCCESSFUL 0NEUTRALIZATIONS0 9 O!R DOCUM5TS1 ! ,F,B,I USES ! T]M TO 9CLUDE ACTIVI/S :O W]E ASSASS9AT$1 IMPRISON$1 FRAM$1 DISCR$IT$1 OR H>ASS$ UNTIL !Y CEAS$ TO BE POLITICALLY ACTIVE4 ,! MEMO ALSO LI/S ! IMPORTANCE ( PREV5T+ ! RISE ( A BLACK 0MESSIAH40 ,AFT] SMUGLY NOT+ ?AT ,MALCOLM ,X C\LD HAVE FULFILL$ ?IS ROLE1 BUT IS 9/EAD ! M>TYR ( ! MOVEM5T1 ! MEMO NAMES ?REE BLACK LEAD]S :O HAVE ! POT5TIAL TO BE ?AT MESSIAH4 ,ONE ( ! ?REE 0C\LD BE A V]Y REAL CONT5D] = ?IS POSITION %\LD HE AB&ON HIS SUPPOS$ 'OB$I5CE' TO ':ITE1 LIB]AL DOCTR9ES' 7NONVIOL5CE70 .

5!SIS 9 ! ORIG9AL.>4 ,! MEMO ALSO EXPLA9S ! NE$ TO GO AB\T DISCR$IT+ MILITANT BLACKS 9 ! EYES ( ! 0RESPONSIBLE ,NEGRO COMMUNITY0 & ! 0:ITE COMMUNITY40 ,?IS %[S BO? H[ ! /ATE CAN C\NT ON KNEE-J]K PACIFI/ CONDEMNATION ( VIOL5CE & H[ PACIFI/S EFFECTIVELY DO ! /ATE'S DIRTY WORK BY FAIL+ TO USE !IR CULTURAL 9FLU5CE TO MAKE MILITANT RESI/ANCE TO TYRANNY 0RESPECTABLE40 ,9/EAD1 PACIFI/S CLAIM ?AT MILITANCY ALI5ATES PEOPLE1 & DO NO?+ TO ATTEMPT TO C\NT]ACT ?IS PH5OM5ON4 ,ANO!R ,F,B,I MEMO1 ?IS ONE ON ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T ACTIVI/ ,JOHN ,TRUDELL1 %[S ! SAME UND]/&+ ON ! P>T ( ! /ATE'S POLITICAL POLICE ?AT PACIFI/S >E AN 9]T SORT ( DISSID5T ?AT DO NOT YET POSE A ?REAT TO ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 0,T,R,U,D,E,L,L HAS ! ABILITY TO MEET ) A GR\P ( PACIFI/S & 9 A %ORT TIME HAVE !M YELL+ & SCREAM+ 'RI ,! GOV]NM5T CONSI/5TLY DEMON/RATES ! UNSURPRIS+ FACT ?AT IT PREF]S TO GO UP AGA9/ A PEACEFUL OPPOSITION4 ,MU* MORE REC5TLY1 AN ,F,B,I MEMO S5T TO LOCAL LAW-5=CEM5T AG5CIES ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 & SUBSEQU5TLY LEAK$ TO ! PRESS1 MAKES IT CLE> :OM ! GOV]NM5T ID5TIFIES AS EXTREMI/S & PRIORITIZES = NEUTRALIZATION4 ,ON ,OCTOB] #b#e1 #b#c1 MASS M>*ES & RALLIES AGA9/ ! OCCUPATION 9 ,IRAQ >E S*$UL$ TO OCCUR 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D,C1 & ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ,CALI=NIA4444.<,T.>HE POSSIBILITY EXI/S ?AT ELEM5TS ( ! ACTIVI/ COMMUNITY MAY ATTEMPT TO 5GAGE 9 VIOL5T1 DE/RUCTIVE1 OR DISRUPTIVE ACTS4444 ,TRADITIONAL DEMON/RATION TACTICS BY :I* PROTE/]S DRAW ATT5TION TO !IR CAUSES 9CLUDE M>*ES1 BANN]S1 & =MS ( PASSIVE RESI/ANCE SU* AS SIT-9S .4 ,EXTREMI/ ELEM5TS MAY 5GAGE 9 MORE AGGRESSIVE TACTICS ?AT CAN 9CLUDE V&ALISM1 PHYSICAL H>ASSM5T ( DELEGATES1 TRESPASS+1 ! =MATION ( HUMAN *A9S OR %IELDS1 MAKE%IFT B>RICADES1 DEVICES US$ AGA9/ M\NT$ POLICE UNITS1 & ! USE ( WEAPONS-SU* AS PROJECTILES & HOMEMADE BOMBS4.<#i#f.> ,! BULK ( ! MEMO FOCUSES ON !SE EXTREMI/ ELEM5TS CLE>LY ID5TIFI$ AS ACTIVI/S EMPLOY+ A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS AS OPPOS$ TO PACIFI/ ACTIVI/S1 :O >E NOT ID5TIFI$ AS A MAJOR ?REAT4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! MEMO1 EXTREMI/S EXHIBIT ! FOLL[+ ID5TIFY+ *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,EXTREMI/S MAY BE PREP>$ TO DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ LAW 5=CEM5T (FICIALS DUR+ ! C\RSE ( A DEMON/RATION4 ,MASKS 7GAS MASKS1 GOGGLES1 SC>VES1 SCUBA MASKS1 FILT] MASKS1 & SUNGLASSES7 CAN S]VE TO M9IMIZE ! EFFECTS ( TE> GAS & PEPP] SPRAY1 AS WELL AS OBSCURE ONE'S ID5TITY4 ,EXTREMI/S MAY ALSO EMPLOY %IELDS 7TRA% CAN LIDS1 %EETS ( PLEXIGLASS1 TRUCK TIRE 9N] TUBES1 ETC47 & BODY PROTECTION EQUIPM5T 7LAY]$ CLO?+1 H>D HATS & HELMETS1 SPORT+ EQUIPM5T1 LIFE JACKETS1 ETC47 TO PROTECT !MSELVES DUR+ M>*ES4 ,ACTIVI/S MAY ALSO USE 9TIMIDATION TE*NIQUES SU* AS VIDEOTAP+ & ! SW>M+ ( POLICE (FIC]S TO H9D] ! >RE/ ( O!R DEMON/RATORS4 ,AFT] DEMON/RATIONS1 ACTIVI/S >E USUALLY RELUCTANT TO COOP]ATE ) LAW 5=CEM5T (FICIALS4 ,!Y SELDOM C>RY ANY ID5TIFICATION PAP]S & (T5 REFUSE TO DIVULGE ANY 9=MATION AB\T !MSELVES OR O!R PROTE/]S4444 ,LAW 5=CEM5T (FICIALS %\LD BE AL]T TO !SE POSSIBLE 9DICATORS ( PROTE/ ACTIVITY & REPORT ANY POT5TIALLY ILLEGAL ACTS TO ! NE>E/ ,F,B,I ,JO9T ,T]RORISM ,TASK ,=CE4.<#i#g.> ,H[ SAD IS IT ?AT ! SURE/ M>K ( AN 0EXTREMI/0 IS A WILL+NESS TO DEF5D ONESELF AGA9/ ATTACKS BY ! POLICE1 & H[ MU* RESPONSIBILITY DO PACIFI/S BE> 9 CREAT+ ?IS SITUATION8 ,9 ANY CASE1 BY DIS[N+ & EV5 D5\NC+ ACTIVI/S :O USE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 PACIFI/S MAKE SU* EXTREMI/S VULN]ABLE TO ! REPRESSION ?AT POLICE AG5CIES CLE>LY WANT TO USE AGA9/ !M4 ,AS IF IT W]E NOT 5\< TO DISC\RAGE MILITANCY & CONDITION DISSID5TS TO USE NONVIOL5CE ?R\< VIOL5T REPRESSION ( ! UNRULY1 ! GOV]NM5T ALSO 9JECTS PACIFISM 9TO REBEL MOVEM5TS MORE DIRECTLY4 ,TWO YE>S AFT] 9VAD+ ,IRAQ1 ! ,U,S MILIT>Y GOT CAUAB-LANGUAGE M$IA ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS AL-,HURRIYAH ?AT W\LD BE RUN BY ! ,DEF5SE ,DEP>TM5T AS A P>T ( !IR PSY*OLOGICAL OP]ATIONS74 ,?IS TIME1 ! ,P5TAGON WAS PAY+ TO 9S]T >TICLES 9 ,IRAQI NEWSPAP]S URG+ UNITY 7AGA9/ ! 9SURG5TS7 & NONVIOL5CE4.<#i#h.> ,! >TICLES W]E WRITT5 AS ?\< ! AU?ORS W]E ,IRAQI 9 AN ATTEMPT TO RE9 9 ! MILITANT RESI/ANCE & MANIPULATE ,IRAQIS 9TO DIPLOMATIC =MS ( OPPOSITION ?AT W\LD BE EASI] TO CO-OPT & CONTROL4 ,! ,P5TAGON'S SELECTIVE USE ( PACIFISM 9 ,IRAQ CAN S]VE AS A P>ABLE = ! BROAD] ORIG9S ( NONVIOL5CE4 ,NAMELY1 IT COMES FROM ! /ATE4 ,A CONQU]$ POPULATION IS S*OOL$ 9 NONVIOL5CE ?R\< ITS RELATION%IP ) A P[] /RUCTURE ?AT HAS CLAIM$ A MONOPOLY ON ! RIN$ HELPLESSNESS1 ?R\< :I* DISSID5TS RETA9 ! GOODWILL ( ! /ATE BY SIGNIFY+ ?AT !Y HAVE NOT USURP$ P[]S ! /ATE EXCLUSIVELY CLAIMS 7SU* AS SELF-DEF5SE74 ,9 ?IS WAY1 A PACIFI/ BEHAVES LIKE A WELL-TRA9$ DOG :O IS BEAT5 BY HIS MA/]3 RA!R ?AN BITE HIS ATTACK]1 HE L[]S HIS TAIL & SIGNIFIES HIS H>MLESSNESS1 RESIGN+ HIMSELF TO ! BEAT+S 9 ! HOPE ?AT !Y /OP4 ,MORE IMM$IATELY1 ,FRANTZ ,FANON DESCRIBES ! ORIG9S & FUNCTION ( NONVIOL5CE )9 ! DECOLONIZATION PROCESS :5 HE WRITES3 ,! COLONIALI/ B\RGEOISIE 9TRODUCES ?AT NEW IDEA :I* IS 9 PROP] P>LANCE A CREATION ( ! COLONIAL SITUATION3 NONVIOL5CE4 ,9 ITS SIMPLE/ =M ?IS NONVIOL5CE SIGNIFIES TO ! 9TELLECTUAL & ECONOMIC ELITE ( ! COLONIZ$ C\NTRY ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE HAS ! SAME 9T]E/S AS !Y4444,NONVIOL5CE IS AN ATTEMPT TO SETTLE ! COLONIAL PROBLEM >\ND A GRE5 BAIZE TABLE1 BE=E ANY REGRETTABLE ACT HAS BE5 P]=M$444BE=E ANY BLOOD HAS BE5 %$4 ,BUT IF ! MASSES1 )\T WAIT+ = ! *AIRS TO BE >RANG$ >\ND ! BAIZE TABLE1 LI/5 TO !IR [N VOICE & BEG9 COMMITT+ \TRAGES & SETT+ FIRE TO BUILD+S1 ! ELITE & ! NATIONALI/ B\RGEOIS P>TIES WILL BE SE5 RU%+ TO ! COLONIALI/S TO EXCLAIM1 ',?IS IS V]Y S]I\S6 ,WE DO NOT KN[ H[ IT WILL 5D2 WE MU/ F9D A SOLUTION-SOME SORT ( COMPROMISE4'.<#i#i.> ,?IS UND]LY+ COM=T ) ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE1 COMB9$ ) %OCK AT ! 0\TRAGES0 ( =CEFUL REBELLION1 LULLS PACIFI/S 9TO RELY+ ON /ATE VIOL5CE = PROTECTION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 PACIFI/ ORGANIZ]S EXEMPT ! POLICE FROM ! 0NONVIOL5CE CODES0 ?AT >E COMMON AT PROTE/S !SE DAYS2 !Y DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DIS>M ! POLICE :O PROTECT PEACE PROTE/]S FROM ANGRY1 PRO-W> C\NT]-DEMON/RATORS4 ,9 PRACTICE1 PACIFI/ MORALITY DEMON/RATES ?AT IT IS MORE ACCEPTABLE = RADICALS TO RELY ON ! VIOL5CE ( ! GOV]NM5T = PROTECTION ?AN TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,IT IS FAIRLY OBVI\S :Y ! AU?ORITIES W\LD WANT RADICALS TO REMA9 VULN]ABLE4 ,BUT :Y DO PACIFI/S8 ,IT IS NOT AS ?\< SUPPORT]S ( NONVIOL5CE HAVE HAD A %ORTAGE ( OPPORTUNITIES TO LE>N :AT HAPP5S TO DEF5SELESS RADICALS4 ,TAKE = EXAMPLE ! #aigi RALLY AGA9/ :ITE SUPREMACY 9 ,GRE5SBORO1 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A4 ,AN ASSORTM5T ( BLACK & :ITE WORK]S1 LABOR ORGANIZ]S1 & ,COMMUNI/S1 ACCEPT+ ! PREMISE ?AT DIS>M+ & ALL[+ A POLICE MONOPOLY ON VIOL5T =CE W\LD BETT] 5SURE PEACE1 AGRE$ TO NOT C>RY WEAPONS = PROTECTION4 ,! RESULT WAS AN EV5T N[ KN[N AS ! ,GRE5SBORO ,MASSACRE4 ,! POLICE & ,F,B,I COLLABORAT$ ) ! LOCAL ,KLAN & ,NAZI ,P>TY TO ATTACK ! DEMON/RATORS1 :O W]E RELY+ ON POLICE PROTECTION4 ,:ILE ! POLICE W]E CONV5I5TLY ABS5T1 ! :ITE SUPREMACI/S ATTACK$ ! M>* & %OT #ac PEOPLE1 KILL+ FIVE4 ,:5 ! POLICE RETURN$ TO ! SC5E1 !Y BEAT & >RE/$ SEV]AL PROTE/]S & LET ! RACI/ ?UGS GET AWAY4.<#a.> ,9 ! *AOS ( ANY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 RIAMILIT>IES SU* AS ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN >E MORE ?AN HAPPY TO ELIM9ATE RADICALS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,LEGION REC5TLY DECL>$ 0W>0 ON ! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T4.<#a#a.> ,?AT ORGANIZATION'S HI/ORY ( LYN*+ AN>*I/ LABOR ORGANIZ]S SUGGE/S ! MEANS !Y'LL USE :5 !IR BELOV$ FLAG IS ?REAT5$4.<#a#b.> ,! DEBATE BETWE5 PACIFISM & A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS 79CLUD+ SELF-DEF5SE & C\NT]ATTACK7 MAY 5D UP BE+ DECID$ IF ! CURR5T ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN MOVEM5T EV] DEVELOPS TO ! PO9T ( POS+ A ?REAT1 :5 POLICE AG5CIES H& OV] !IR BLACKLI/S1 & RIAMILIT>IES LYN* ANY 0TRAITORS0 !Y CAN GET !IR H&S ON4 ,?IS SITUATION HAS OCCURR$ 9 ! PA/1 MO/ NOTABLY 9 ! #a#i#bS1 &1 TO A LESS] EXT5T1 9 RESPONSE TO ! CIVIL RIM$ UNITS ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D ?AT ALL[$ ! FIR/ BLACK /UD5TS TO 5T] !SE S*OOLS & PROTECT !M FROM =CEFUL ATTEMPTS AT EXPULSION & WORSE4 ,IF PACIFI/S >E UNABLE TO DEF5D !IR [N GA9S1 :AT WILL !Y DO :5 !Y DON'T HAVE ! ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE ( ! POLICE & ,NATIONAL ,GU>D8 7,9CID5TALLY1 W\LD PACIFI/S REMEMB] DESEGREGATION AS A FAILURE = NONVIOL5CE IF BLACK FAMILIES HAD NE$$ TO CALL 9 ! ,DEACONS = ,DEF5SE1 9/EAD ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 TO PROTECT !IR *ILDR5 5T]+ ?OSE ALL-:ITE S*OOLS87 ,9/ITUTIONAL DESEGREGATION WAS DEEM$ FAVORABLE TO ! :ITE SUPREMACI/ P[] /RUCTURE BECAUSE IT DEFUZ$ A CRISIS1 9CREAS$ POSSIBILITIES = CO-OPT+ BLACK LEAD]%IP1 & /REAML9$ ! ECONOMY1 ALL )\T NEGAT+ ! RACIAL HI]>*Y SO FUNDAM5TAL TO ,U,S SOCIETY4 ,?US1 ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D WAS CALL$ 9 TO HELP DESEGREGATE UNIV]SITIES4 ,IT IS NOT ?AT H>D TO IMAG9E A SET ( REVOLUTION>Y GOALS ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D W\LD NEV] BE CALL$ 9 TO PROTECT4 ,:ILE PACIFI/S PROTE/+ ,U,S MILIT>ISM CAN NEV] GET ! POLICE OR ,NATIONAL ,GU>D TO SIMPLY 5=CE ! LAW -- DIS>M+ WEAPONS BANN$ BY 9T]NATIONAL TREATIES OR CLOS+ MILIT>Y S*OOLS ?AT TRA9 SOLDI]S 9 TORTURE TE*NIQUES -- ! GOV]NM5T /ILL B5EFITS FROM ALL[+ !SE FUTILE DEMON/RATIONS TO TAKE PLACE4 ,P]MITT+ NONVIOL5T PROTE/ IMPROVES ! IMAGE ( ! /ATE4 ,:E!R !Y MEAN TO OR NOT1 NONVIOL5T DISSID5TS PLAY ! ROLE ( A LOYAL OPPOSITION 9 A P]=MANCE ?AT DRAMATIZES DISS5T & CREATES ! ILLUSION ?AT DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T IS NOT ELITI/ OR AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,PACIFI/S PA9T ! /ATE AS B5IGN BY GIV+ AU?ORITY ! *ANCE TO TOL]ATE A CRITICISM ?AT DOES NOT ACTUALLY ?REAT5 ITS CONT9U$ OP]ATION4 ,A COLORFUL1 CONSCI5TI\S1 PASSIVE PROTE/ 9 FRONT ( A MILIT>Y BASE ONLY IMPROVES ! ,P,R IMAGE ( ! MILIT>Y1 = SURELY ONLY A JU/ & HUMANE MILIT>Y W\LD TOL]ATE PROTE/S \TSIDE ITS FRONT GATE4 ,SU* A PROTE/ IS LIKE A FL[] /UCK 9 ! B>REL ( A GUN4 ,IT DOES NOT IMP$E ! ABILITY ( ! GUN TO FIRE4 ,:AT MO/ PACIFI/S DO NOT SEEM TO UND]/& IS ?AT FREE SPEE* DOES NOT EMP[] US1 & IT DOES NOT EQUAL FRE$OM4 ,FREE SPEE* IS A PRIVILEG.<#a#c.>E ?AT CAN BE -- & IS -- TAK5 AWAY BY ! GOV]NM5T :5 IT S]VES !IR 9T]E/S4 ,! /ATE HAS ! UNCONTE/$ P[] TO TAKE AWAY \R 0RILY4.<#a#d.> ,EV5 9 \R DAILY LIFE1 WE CAN TRY TO SAY :ATEV] WE WANT TO BOSSES1 JUDGES1 OR POLICE (FIC]S1 & UNLESS WE >E SLAVI%LY CONG5IAL1 HONE/Y & A FREE TONGUE WILL LEAD TO H>MFUL CONSEQU5CES4 ,9 SITUATIONS ( SOCIAL EM]G5CY1 ! LIMITATIONS ON 0FREE SPEE*0 BECOME EV5 MORE PRON\NC$4 ,CONSID] ! ACTIVI/S IMPRISON$ = SPEAK+ AGA9/ ! DRAFT 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I & ! PEOPLE >RE/$ 9 #bd = HOLD+ PROTE/ SIGNS AT EV5TS :]E ,BU% WAS SPEAK+4 ,FREE SPEE* IS ONLY FREE AS LONG AS IT IS NOT A ?REAT & DOES NOT COME ) ! POSSIBILITY ( *ALL5G+ ! SY/EM4 ,! MO/ FRE$OM ( SPEE* ,I HAVE EV] HAD WAS 9 ! 0,SECURITY ,H\S+ ,UNIT0 7MAXIMUM-SECURITY SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T7 9 F$]AL PRISON4 ,I C\LD YELL & %\T ALL ,I WANT$1 EV5 CUSS AT ! GU>DS1 & UNLESS ,I ?\TICUL>LY CREATIVE WAY TO 9T5TIONALLY 5RAGE !M1 !Y W\LD LEAVE ME AT PEACE4 ,NO MATT]3 ! WALLS W]E ROCK SOLID & MY WORDS W]E HOT AIR4 ,! COOP]ATION ?AT IS ONLY POSSIBLE ) PEACEFUL DISSID5TS HELPS TO HUMANIZE ! POLITICIANS RESPONSIBLE = MON/R\S POLICIES4 ,AT ! MASSIVE PROTE/S AGA9/ ! #bd ,REPUBLICAN ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION 7,R,N,C7 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 ,N,Y,C'S ,MAYOR ,BLOOMB]G GAVE SPECIAL BUTTONS TO NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S :O HAD PROCLAIM$ ?AT !Y W\LD BE PEACEFUL4.<#a#e.> ,BLOOMB]G GOT POLITICAL PO9TS = BE+ HIP & L5I5T1 EV5 AS HIS ADM9I/RATION CRACK$ D[N ON DISS5T DUR+ ! WEEK ( PROTE/S4 ,PACIFI/S GOT AN ADD$ P]K3 ANYONE WE>+ ! BUTTON W\LD BE GIV5 DISC\NTS AT DOZ5S ( ,BROADWAY %[S1 HOTELS1 MUSEUMS1 & RE/AURANTS 7HIADE ( NONVIOL5CE IS TAPP$ 9TO AS A BOO/ TO ! ECONOMY & BULW>K ( ! /ATUS QUO74 ,AS ,MAYOR ,BLOOMB]G PUT IT1 0,IT'S NO FUN TO PROTE/ ON AN EMPTY /OMA*40 ,& ! ANTI-,R,N,C PROTE/S 9 ,NEW ,YORK W]E LITTLE MORE ?AN ?AT3 FUN4 ,FUN = COLLEGE /UD5TS1 ,DEMOCRATIC CANVASS]S1 & ,GRE5 ,P>TY ACTIVI/S TO WALK >\ND HOLD+ WITTY SIGNS ) LIKE-M9D$ 05LINI%$ ,BU%'S IMAGE AS A LEAD] & 0UNIT]074 ,! LEAFLET ALSO W>N$ ?AT ANYONE ADVOCAT+ CONFRONTATIONAL TACTICS WAS LIKELY A POLICE AG5T4 ,! M>* 5D$1 & PEOPLE DISP]S$ TO ! MO/ ISOLAT$1 LEA/ CONFRONTATIONAL SPOT POSSIBLE 9 A CITY FULL ( ! $IFICES ( /ATE & CAPITAL3 ,C5TRAL ,P>K'S ,GR& ,LAWN 7APPROPRIATELY1 O!R PROTE/]S FLOCK$ TO ! 0,%EEP ,MEAD[074 ,!Y DANC$ & CELEBRAT$ 9TO ! NIE BEAUTIFUL60 ,LAT] 9 ! WEEK1 ! ,POOR ,PEOPLE'S ,M>* WAS REPEAT$LY ATTACK$ BY POLICE MAK+ T>GET$ >RE/S ( ACTIVI/S WE>+ MASKS OR REFUS+ TO BE SE>*$4 ,M>* P>TICIPANTS HAD AGRE$ TO BE NONVIOL5T BECAUSE ! M>* 9CLUD$ MANY PEOPLE1 SU* AS IMMIGRANTS & PEOPLE ( COLOR1 :OM M>* ORGANIZ]S W]E O/5SIBLY CONC]N$ AB\T AS BE+ MORE VULN]ABLE TO >RE/4 ,BUT :5 ACTIVI/S -- PEACEFULLY -- SW>M$ POLICE (FIC]S TO ATTEMPT TO DISC\RAGE ! >RE/S1 ! ACTIVI/S W]E URG$ TO IGNORE ! >RE/S & KEEP MOV+1 ) M>* 0PEACEKEEP]S0 & POLICE %\T+ ID5TICAL MESSAGES AT ! CR[D 70,MOVE ALONG60 0,/ICK TO ! M>* R\TE6074 ,OBVI\SLY1 ALL ATTEMPTS AT CONCILIATION & DE-ESCALATION FAIL$2 ! POLICE W]E EV]Y BIT AS VIOL5T AS !Y *OSE TO BE4 ,! NEXT DAY1 ,JAMAL ,HOLIDAY1 A BLACK ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY RESID5T FROM A DISADVANTAG$ BACKGR\ND1 WAS >RE/$ = ! SELF-DEF5SE 0ASSAULT0 ( A PLA9CLO!S ,N,Y,P,D DETECTIVE1 ONE ( SEV]AL :O HAD1 ) NO PROVOCATION1 DRIV5 !IR MOP$S 9TO ! PEACEFUL CR[D AT ! ,POOR ,PEOPLE'S ,M>*1 HURT+ SEV]AL PEOPLE 7& RUNN+ OV] MY FOOT74 ,?IS HAPP5$ AT ! 5D ( ! RALLY1 :51 MANY ( ! M>* P>TICIPANTS1 9CLUD+ ! SUPPOS$LY 0VULN]ABLE10 W]E QUITE UPSET ) ! M>* LEAD]S' PASSIVITY & ! CONT9U$ POLICE BRUTALITY4 ,AT ONE PO9T1 A CR[D ( PROTE/]S :O HAD JU/ BE5 ATTACK$ BY POLICE BEGAN SCREAM+ AT AN ORGANIZ] :O WAS YELL+ AT !M ?R\< A BULLHORN TO GET AWAY FROM ! POLICE 7!RE WAS NO:]E TO GO7 BECAUSE !Y W]E 0PROVOK+0 ! COPS4 ,! RESPONSE TO ,HOLIDAY'S >RE/ %[S A HYPOCRISY ?AT PRIVILEGES /ATE VIOL5CE OV] EV5 ! RIRE/$ 5 MASSE ON ,AUGU/ #ca 7A DAY RES]V$ = CIVIL DISOB$I5CE-/YLE PROTE/S7 REMA9$ SIL5T T[>D & UNSUPPORTIVE ( ,HOLIDAY :ILE HE 5DUR$ ! EXCRUCIAT+1 DRAWN-\T VIOL5CE ( ! P5AL SY/EM4 ,APP>5TLY1 = ! PACIFI/S1 PROTECT+ AN ALLEG$LY VIOL5T ACTIVI/ FROM A F> GREAT] VIOL5CE COMES TOO NE> TO BLURR+ !IR PR9CIPL$ /& AGA9/ VIOL5CE4 ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S GO FUR!R ?AN 5DORS+ /ATE VIOL5CE ) !IR SIL5CE3 !Y >E (T5 VOCAL 9 JU/IFY+ IT4 ,PACIFI/ ORGANIZ]S WA/E NO OPPORTUNITY TO DECL>E A BAN ON 0VIOL5CE0 )9 !IR PROTE/S1 BECAUSE SU* VIOL5CE W\LD 0JU/IFY0 REPRESSION BY ! POLICE1 :I* IS P]CEIV$ AS 9EVITABLE1 NEUTRAL1 & BEYOND REPROA*4 ,! #aiii ANTI-,W,T,O PROTE/S 9 ,SEATTLE >E A TYPICAL EXAMPLE4 ,?\< POLICE VIOL5CE 79 ?IS CASE1 ! USE ( TORTURE TACTICS AGA9/ PEACEFUL PROTE/]S BLOCKAD+ ! SUMMIT SITE7 PREC$$ ! 0VIOL5T0 PROP]TY DE/RUCTION BY ! BLACK BLOC1 EV]YONE FROM PACIFI/S TO ! CORPORATE M$IA BLAM$ ! POLICE RIOT ON ! BLACK BLOC4 ,P]HAPS ! MAJOR GRIEVANCE WAS ?AT DEC5TRALIZ$1 NON-HI]>*ICALLY ORGANIZ$ AN>*I/S /OLE ! SPOTLI$ FROM ,SEATTLE ?AT A VIOL5T FR+E M9ORITY WAS SOLELY RESPONSIBLE = ! MAYHEM4.<#a#f.> ,9 FACT1 ! VIOL5CE ( ,SEATTLE 9TRIGU$ & ATTRACT$ MORE NEW PEOPLE TO ! MOVEM5T ?AN W]E ATTRACT$ BY ! TRANQUILITY ( ANY SUBSEQU5T MASS MOBILIZATION4 ,! CORPORATE M$IA DID NOT -- & NEV] WILL -- EXPLA9 ! MOTIVES ( ! ACTIVI/S1 BUT ! VIOL5CE1 ! VISIBLE MANIFE/ATION ( PASSION & FURY1 ( MILITANT COMMITM5T 9 AN O!RWISE ABSURD WORLD1 MOTIVAT$ ?\S&S TO DO ?AT RESE>* ON !IR [N4 ,?AT IS :Y ,SEATTLE IS ?\LY1 AN >TICLE ADVOCAT+ NONVIOL5CE 9 ,! ,NATION COMPLA9S ?AT VIOL5CE 9 ,SEATTLE & ,G5OA 7:]E ,ITALIAN POLICE %OT & KILL$ A PROTE/]7 0CREAT$ NEGATIVE M$IA IMAGES & PROVID$ AN EXCUSE = EV5 H>%] REPRESSION40.<#a#g.> ,I WILL DIGRESS = A MOM5T H]E TO PO9T \T ?AT ! /ATE IS NOT A PASSIVE ?+4 ,IF IT WANTS TO REPRESS A MOVEM5T OR ORGANIZATION1 IT DOES NOT WAIT = AN EXCUSE1 IT MANUFACTURES ONE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T WAS NOT A VIOL5T ORGANIZATION -- ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ITS TACTICS W]E PEACEFUL -- BUT MEMB]S DID NOT RE/RICT !MSELVES TO NONVIOL5CE2 !Y PRACTIC$ >M$ SELF-DEF5SE & =CEFUL OCCUPATIONS ( GOV]NM5T BUILD+S1 (T5 ) GREAT RESULTS4 ,TO 0JU/IFY0 REPRESSION AGA9/ ,A,I,M1 ! ,F,B,I MANUFACTUR$ ! 0,DOG ,SOLDI] ,TELETYPES10 :I* W]E PASS$ (F AS ,A,I,M COMMUNIQUES DISCUSS+ ! SUPPOS$ CREATION ( T]ROR SQUADS TO ASSASS9ATE T\RI/S1 F>M]S1 & GOV]NM5T (FICIALS4.<#a#h.> ,!SE TELETYPES W]E P>T ( A G5]AL ,F,B,I DIS9=MATION CAMPAIGN 9/RUM5TAL 9 ALL[+ ! CONSEQU5CE-FREE 7= ! GOV]NM5T7 FALSE IMPRISONM5T & MURD] ( SEV]AL ,A,I,M ACTIVI/S & SUPPORT]S4 ,AB\T SU* CAMPAIGNS1 ! ,F,B,I SAYS1 0,IT IS IMMAT]IAL :E!R FACTS EXI/ TO SUB/ANTIATE ! *>GE4444.<,D.>ISRUPTION . CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ )\T FACTS TO BACK IT UP40.<#a#i.> ,IF1 9 ! EYES ( ! GOV]NM5T1 IT IS IMMAT]IAL :E!R AN ORGANIZATION DEEM$ A ?REAT TO ! /ATUS QUO HAS OR HAS NOT COMMITT$ A VIOL5T ACT1 :Y DO PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE CONT9UE TO 9SI/ ?AT ! TRU? WILL SET !M FREE8 ,! PREVI\SLY M5TION$ ,NATION >TICLE DEM&S A /RICT1 MOVEM5T-WIDE ADH]5CE TO NONVIOL5CE1 CRITICIZ+ ANO!R PACIFI/ ORGANIZATION'S REFUSAL TO OP5LY CONDEMN ACTIVI/S :O USE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS4 ,! AU?OR LAM5TS1 0,IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO CONTROL ! ACTIONS ( EV]YONE :O P>TICIPATES 9 A DEMON/RATION1 ( C\RSE1 BUT MORE VIGOR\S EF=TS TO 9SURE . NONVIOL5CE & PREV5T DE/RUCTIVE BEHAVIOR >E POSSIBLE & NECESS>Y4 ,A #ie P]C5T COMMITM5T TO NONVIOL5CE IS NOT 5\<40 ,NO D\BT1 A 0MORE VIGOR\S0 COMMITM5T TO NONVIOL5CE MEANS ?AT ACTIVI/ LEAD]S MU/ MORE FREQU5TLY UTILIZE ! POLICE AS A =CE = PEACE 7TO >RE/ 0TR\BLEMAK]S074 ,?IS TACTIC HAS MO/ C]TA9LY BE5 APPLI$ BY PACIFI/S ALREADY4 7,9 FACT1 ! FIR/ TIME ,I EV] GOT ASSAULT$ AT A PROTE/1 IT WAS NOT BY ! POLICE BUT BY A PEACE M>%AL1 :O TRI$ TO PU% ME TO ! CURB :ILE ,I & SEV]AL O!RS W]E HOLD+ AN 9T]SECTION TO KEEP ! POLICE FROM DIVID+ ! M>* & POT5TIALLY MASS->RE/+ ! SMALL] SEGM5T4 ,NOTABLY1 MY RESI/ANCE TO ! PEACE M>%AL'S LIRE/$ OR ASSAULT$ MORE =CEFULLY47 ,CAN ANYONE IMAG9E REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S DECL>+ ?AT !Y NE$ TO BE MORE VIGOR\S 9 MAK+ SURE ?AT EV]Y P>TICIPANT 9 AN EV5T HITS A COP OR ?R[S A BRICK ?R\< A W9D[8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 MO/ AN>*I/S & O!R MILITANTS HAVE B5T OV] BACKW>DS 9 WORK+ ) PACIFI/S & 5SUR+ ?AT AT JO9T DEMON/RATIONS1 PEOPLE OPPOS$ TO CONFRONTATION1 AFRAID ( POLICE BRUTALITY1 OR ESPECIALLY VULN]ABLE TO LEGAL SANCTIONS C\LD HAVE A 0SAFE SPACE40 ,PACIFISM GOES H& 9 H& ) EF=TS TO C5TRALIZE & CONTROL ! MOVEM5T4 ,! CONCEPT IS 9H]5TLY AU?ORIT>IAN & 9COMPATIBLE ) AN>*ISM BECAUSE IT D5IES PEOPLE ! RI ,! PACIFI/ RELIANCE ON C5TRALIZATION & CONTROL 7) A LEAD]%IP ?AT CAN TAKE 0VIGOR\S EF=TS0 TO 0PREV5T DE/RUCTIVE BEHAVIOR07 PRES]VES ! /ATE )9 ! MOVEM5T1 & PRES]VES HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES TO ASSI/ /ATE NEGOTIATIONS 7& /ATE REPRESSION74 ,HI/ORY %[S ?AT IF A MOVEM5T DOES NOT HAVE A LEAD]1 ! /ATE 9V5TS ONE4 ,! /ATE VIOL5TLY ELIM9AT$ ! ANTI-HI]>*ICAL LABOR UNIONS ( ! E>LY #b? C5TURY1 :]EAS IT NEGOTIAT$ )1 ELEVAT$1 & B\*ICAL UNIONS4 ,COLONIAL REGIMES APPO9T$ 0*IEFS0 TO /ATELESS SOCIETIES ?AT HAD NONE1 :E!R TO IMPOSE POLITICAL CONTROL 9 ,AFRICA OR NEGOTIATE DECEPTIVE TREATIES 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 LEAD]LESS SOCIAL MOVEM5TS >E ESPECIALLY H>D TO REPRESS4 ,! T5D5CIES ( PACIFISM T[>D NEGOTIATION & C5TRALIZATION FACILITATE EF=TS BY ! /ATE TO MANIPULATE & CO-OPT REBELLI\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS2 !Y ALSO MAKE IT EASI] = ! /ATE TO REPRESS A MOVEM5T1 IF IT DECIDES !RE IS A NE$ TO DO SO4 ,BUT ! PACIFI/ VISION ( SOCIAL *ANGE COMES FROM A PRIVILEG$ VANTAGE1 :]E FULL /ATE REPRESSION IS NOT A REAL FE>4 ,AN ESSAY ON /RATEGIC NONVIOL5CE ?AT CAME HIE ON ! LEFT1 !IR OPPON5TS1 PRESUMABLY REACTION>IES1 >E ON ! RITIES >E 9 ! MIDDLE4.<#a#a#a.> ,ALL ?REE SEGM5TS >E EQUALLY >RAY$ >\ND AN APP>5TLY NEUTRAL 0DECISION-MAK+0 AU?ORITY4 ,?IS IS AN UTT]LY NAIVE & PRIVILEG$ VIEW ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 9 :I* ALL DECISIONS >E DECID$ BY MAJORITY1 )1 AT WOR/1 A LIMIT$ VIOL5CE PRACTIC$ ONLY \T ( RECALCITRANT CONS]VATISM & RELUCTANCE TO *ANGE ! /ATUS QUO4 ,! DIAGRAM ASSUMES A SOCIETY )\T RACE & CLASS HI]>*Y2 )\T PRIVILEG$1 P[]FUL1 & VIOL5T ELITES2 )\T A CORPORATE M$IA CONTROLL$ BY ! 9T]E/S ( /ATE & CAPITAL1 READY TO MANAGE ! P]CEPTIONS ( ! CITIZ5RY4 ,SU* A SOCIETY DOES NOT EXI/ AMONG ANY ( ! 9DU/RIAL1 CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACIES4 ,)9 SU* A MODEL ( SOCIAL P[]1 REVOLUTION IS A MORALITY PLAY1 AN ADVOCACY CAMPAIGN ?AT CAN BE WON BY 0! ABILITY ( DIGNIFI$ SUFF]+ .<= EXAMPLE1 ! ANTI-SEGREGATION /UD5TS SITT+ 9 AT ':ITES ONLY' LUN* C\NT]S :ILE 5DUR+ V]BAL & PHYSICAL ATTACKS.> TO ATTRACT SYMPA?Y & POLITICAL SUPPORT40.<#a#a#b.> ,FIR/ ( ALL1 ?IS MODEL ASSUMES AN ANALYSIS ( ! /ATE ?AT IS REM>KABLY *>ITABLE & REM>KABLY SIMIL> TO H[ ! /ATE MI ,/ATECRAFT HAS BECOME ! >T ( MANAG+ CONFLICT1 P]MAN5TLY4 ,AS LONG AS REBELS CONT9UE TO C>RY OLIVE BRAN*ES & A NAIVE VIEW ( ! /RUGGLE1 ! /ATE KN[S ?AT IT IS SAFE4 ,BUT ! SAME GOV]NM5TS :OSE REPRES5TATIVES HOLD POLITE TALKS ) OR RUDELY DISMISS CONSCI5TI\S HUNG] /RIK]S ALSO CON/ANTLY SPY ON ! RESI/ANCE & TRA9 AG5TS 9 C\NT]9SURG5CY -- W>F>E TE*NIQUES DRAWN FROM W>S ( EXT]M9ATION WAG$ TO SUBDUE REBELLI\S COLONIES FROM ,IREL& TO ,ALG]IA4 ,! /ATE IS PREP>$ TO USE ?OSE ME?ODS AGA9/ US4 ,EV5 :5 ! GOV]NM5T /OPS %ORT ( EXT]M9ATORY =MS ( REPRESSION1 DIGNIFI$ SUFF]+ SIMPLY /OPS BE+ FUN1 & PACIFI/S :O HAVE NOT FULLY D$ICAT$ !IR FUTURES TO REVOLUTION BY DECL>+ W> ON ! /ATUS QUO LOSE ! CL>ITY ( CONVICTION 7MAYBE !Y SOMEH[ DID SOME?+ TO 0DES]VE0 OR 0PROVOKE0 ! REPRESSION87 & DROP \T4 ,CONSID] ! #aiii ,SEATTLE PROTE/ & ! SUCCESSIVE MASS MOBILIZATIONS ( ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T3 ACTIVI/S 9 ,SEATTLE W]E BRUTALIZ$1 BUT !Y TOOK IT ON !IR FEET1 FIEA ( ,AM]ICAS 7,F,T,A,A74 ,AT ! O!R 5D1 POLICE REPRESSION AT ! #bc ANTI-,F,T,A,A PROTE/S 9 ,MIAMI WAS :OLLY UNDES]V$ EV5 BY LEGALI/IC /&>DS4.<#a#a#d.> ,PROTE/]S W]E NOT EMP[]$ OR DIGNIFI$ BY ! ONE-SID$ VIOL5CE -- !Y W]E BRUTALIZ$1 & MANY PEOPLE W]E SC>$ AWAY FROM FUR!R P>TICIPATION1 9CLUD+ ACTIVI/S :O W]E SEXUALLY ASSAULT$ BY POLICE :ILE LOCK$ UP4 ,9 ! EV5 MORE PASSIVE PROTE/S 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D,C -- ! YE>LY DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ ! ,WORLD ,BANK1 = 9/ANCE -- NONVIOL5T RESI/ANCE1 CONSI/+ ( ! OCCASIONAL OR*E/RAT$ LOCKD[N1 >RE/1 IMPRISONM5T1 & RELEASE1 W]E NOT EMP[]+ SO MU* AS T$I\S & M>K$ BY DW9DL+ NUMB]S4 ,!Y W]E C]TA9LY NOT SUCCESSFUL 9 W9N+ M$IA ATT5TION OR 9FLU5C+ PEOPLE ) ! SPECTACLE ( DIGNIFI$ SUFF]+1 ?\< 9 EV]Y CASE ! CRIT]IA US$ BY ! PACIFI/ ORGANIZ]S TO ASC]TA9 VICTORY WAS A COMB9ATION ( NO?+ MORE ?AN ! NUMB]S ( P>TICIPANTS & ! ABS5CE ( VIOL5T CONFRONTATION ) AU?ORITIES OR PROP]TY4 ,9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 ! /ATE CAN USE NONVIOL5CE TO DEFEAT EV5 A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AT HAS O!RWISE BECOME P[]FUL 5\< TO SUCCE$4 ,9 ,ALBANIA 9 #a#i#i#g1 GOV]NM5T CORRUPTION & ECONOMIC COLLAPSE CAUS$ A L>GE NUMB] ( FAMILIES TO LOSE ALL !IR SAV+S4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ! 0,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY CALL$ A DEMON/RATION 9 ! CAPITAL HOP+ TO MAKE ITSELF ! LEAD] ( A PEACEFUL PROTE/ MOVEM5T40.<#a#a#e.> ,BUT ! RESI/ANCE SPREAD F> BEYOND ! CONTROL ( ANY POLITICAL P>TY4 ,PEOPLE BEGAN >M+ !MSELVES2 BURN+ OR BOMB+ BANKS1 POLICE /ATIONS1 GOV]NM5T BUILD+S1 & (FICES ( ! SECRET S]VICE2 & LIB]AT+ PRISONS4 0,MU* ( ! MILIT>Y DES]T$1 EI!R JO9+ ! 9SURG5TS OR FLEE+ TO ,GREECE40 ,! ,ALBANIAN PEOPLE W]E POIS$ TO OV]?R[ ! SY/EM ?AT WAS OPPRESS+ !M1 :I* W\LD GIVE !M A *ANCE TO CREATE NEW SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS = !MSELVES4 0,BY MID-,M>*1 ! GOV]NM5T1 9CLUD+ ! SECRET POLICE1 WAS =C$ TO FLEE ! CAPITAL40 ,SOON AFT]1 SEV]AL ?\S& ,EUROPEAN ,UNION TROOPS OCCUPI$ ,ALBANIA TO RE/ORE C5TRAL AU?ORITY4 ,! OPPOSITION P>TIES1 :I* ALL ALONG HAD BE5 NEGOTIAT+ ) ! GOV]NM5T TO F9D A SET ( CONDITIONS TO 9DUCE ! REBELS TO DIS>M & CONV9CE ! RUL+ P>TY TO /EP D[N 7SO !Y C\LD /EP UP71 W]E 9/RUM5TAL 9 ALL[+ ! OCCUPATION TO PACIFY ! REBELS1 CONDUCT ELECTIONS1 & RE9/ITUTE ! /ATE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,FRANTZ ,FANON DESCRIBES OPPOSITION P>TIES ?AT D5\NC$ VIOL5T REBELLION 9 ! COLONIES \T ( A DESIRE TO CONTROL ! MOVEM5T4 0,AFT] ! FIR/ SKIRMI%ES1 ! (FICIAL LEAD]S SPE$ILY DISPOSE ( MILITANT ACTION1 :I* !Y 0LABEL AS *ILDI%NESS40 ,!N1 0! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS :I* SUBSCRIBE TO !M WILL RAPIDLY BE ISOLAT$4 ,! (FICIAL LEAD]S1 DRAP$ 9 !IR YE>S ( EXP]I5CE1 WILL PITILESSLY DIS[N !SE 'ADV5TUR]S & AN>*I/S4'0 ,AS ,FANON EXPLA9S1 REG>D+ ,ALG]IA1 9 P>TICUL>1 & ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLES1 9 G5]AL1 0,! P>TY MA*9E %[S ITSELF OPPOS$ TO ANY 9NOVATION10 & ! LEAD]S 0>E T]RIFI$ & WORRI$ BY ! IDEA ?AT !Y C\LD BE SWEPT AWAY BY A MAEL/ROM :OSE NATURE1 =CE1 OR DIRECTION !Y CANNOT EV5 IMAG9E40.<#a#a#f.> ,?\< !SE OPPOSITIONAL POLITICAL LEAD]S1 :E!R 9 ,ALBANIA1 ,ALG]IA1 OR ELSE:]E1 G5]ALLY DO NOT ID5TIFY AS PACIFI/S1 IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE H[ !Y PLAY A SIMIL> ROLE4 ,= !IR P>T1 G5U9E PACIFI/S >E MORE LIKELY TO ACCEPT ! DECEPTIVE OLIVE BRAN*ES ( PACIFY+ POLITICIANS ?AN (F]S ( SOLID>ITY FROM >M$ REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! /&>D ALLIANCE & FRAT]NIZ+ BETWE5 PACIFI/S & PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL LEAD]S 7:O C\NSEL MOD]ATION7 S]VE TO FRACTURE & CONTROL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,IT IS 9 ! ABS5CE ( SIGNIFICANT PACIFI/ P5ETRATION 9TO POPUL> MOVEM5TS ?AT POLITICAL LEAD]S FAIL TO CONTROL ?OSE MOVEM5TS & >E REJECT$ & AMPUTAT$ AS ELITI/ LEE*ES4 ,IT IS :5 NONVIOL5CE IS TOL]AT$ BY POPUL> MOVEM5TS ?AT !SE MOVEM5TS >E HAM/RUNG4 ,9 ! 5D1 NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S RELY ON ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE TO PROTECT !IR GA9S1 & !Y DO NOT RESI/ ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE :5 IT IS US$ AGA9/ MILITANTS 79 FACT1 !Y (T5 5C\RAGE IT74 ,!Y NEGOTIATE & COOP]ATE ) >M$ POLICE AT !IR DEMON/RATIONS4 ,&1 ?\< PACIFI/S HONOR !IR 0PRISON]S ( CONSCI5CE10 9 MY EXP]I5CE1 !Y T5D TO IGNORE ! VIOL5CE ( ! PRISON SY/EM 9 CASES :]E ! PRISON] COMMITT$ AN ACT ( VIOL5T RESI/ANCE OR EV5 V&ALISM 7NOT TO M5TION AN APOLITICAL CRIME74 ,:5 ,I WAS S]V+ A SIX-MON? PRISON S5T5CE = AN ACT ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 PACIFI/S ACROSS ! C\NTRY FLOOD$ ME ) SUPPORT4 ,BUT1 ON ! :OLE1 !Y %[ A LACK ( CONC]N = ! 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ VIOL5CE 5CAG+ ! #b4#b MILLION CASUALTIES ( ! GOV]NM5T'S ,W> ON ,CRIME4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT ! ONLY =M ( VIOL5CE !Y CONSI/5TLY OPPOSE IS REBELLION AGA9/ ! /ATE4 ,! PEACE SIGN ITSELF IS ! P]FECT METAPHOR = ?IS FUNCTION4 ,9/EAD ( RAIS+ A FI/1 PACIFI/S RAISE !IR 9DEX & MIDDLE F+]S TO =M A ,V4 ,?AT ,V /&S = VICTORY & IS ! SYMBOL ( PATRIOTS EXULT+ 9 ! PEACE ?AT FOLL[S A TRIUMPHANT W>4 ,9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 ! PEACE ?AT PACIFI/S DEF5D IS ?AT ( ! VANQUI%+ >MY1 ! UNOPPOS$ /ATE ?AT HAS CONQU]$ ALL RESI/ANCE & MONOPOLIZ$ VIOL5CE TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT VIOL5CE NE$ NO LONG] BE VISIBLE4 ,IT IS A ,PAX ,AM]ICANA4 O ,*APT] #d 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,PATRI>*AL ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,PATRI>*AL ,PATRI>*Y IS A =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ?AT PRODUCES :AT WE COMMONLY RECOGNIZE AS SEXISM4 ,BUT IT GOES WELL BEYOND 9DIVIDUAL OR SY/EMIC PREJUDICE AGA9/ WOM54 ,IT IS1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ! FALSE DIVISION ( ALL PEOPLE 9TO TWO RIGID CATEGORIES 7MALE & FEMALE7 ?AT >E ASS]T$ TO BE BO? NATURAL & MORAL4 7,MANY P]FECTLY HEAL?Y PEOPLE DO NOT FIT 9TO EI!R ( !SE PHYSIOLOGICAL CATEGORIES1 & MANY NON-,WE/]N CULTURES RECOGNIZ$ -- & /ILL DO1 IF !Y HAV5'T BE5 DE/ROY$ -- MORE ?AN TWO SEXES & G5D]S47 ,PATRI>*Y GOES ON TO DEF9E CLE> ROLES 7ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL1 EMOTIONAL1 POLITICAL7 = M5 & WOM51 & IT ASS]TS 7FALSELY7 ?AT !SE ROLES >E NATURAL & MORAL4 ,UND] PATRI>*Y1 PEOPLE :O DO NOT FIT 9TO OR :O REJECT !SE G5D] ROLES >E NEUTRALIZ$ ) VIOL5CE & O/RACISM4 ,!Y >E MADE TO SEEM & FEEL UGLY1 DIRTY1 SC>Y1 CONTEMPTIBLE1 WOR?LESS4 ,PATRI>*Y IS H>MFUL TO EV]YBODY1 & IT IS REPRODUC$ BY EV]YONE :O LIVES )9 IT4 ,TRUE TO ITS NAME1 IT PUTS M5 9 A DOM9ANT POSITION & WOM5 9 A SUBMISSIVE POSITION4 ,ACTIVITIES & *>ACT]I/ICS ?AT >E TRADITIONALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) 0P[]10 OR1 AT LEA/ PRIVILEGE1 MO/LY BELONG TO M54.<#a#a#g.> ,PATRI>*Y GIVES BO? ! ABILITY & ! RIR[ POLITICAL PRACTICE BUT A PHILOSOPHY ?AT DES]VES TO P5ETRATE ! V]Y SOCIAL FABRIC & ROOT \T VIOL5CE 9 ALL ITS MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,BUT PACIFI/S SEEM NOT TO HAVE GIV5 ! VIOL5CE ( PATRI>*Y ITS DUE CONSID]ATION4 ,AFT] ALL1 9 W>S1 9 SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS1 & 9 DAILY LIFE1 WOM5 & TRANSG5D] PEOPLE >E ! PRIM>Y RECIPI5TS ( VIOL5CE 9 PATRI>*AL SOCIETY4 ,IF WE TAKE ?IS PHILOSOPHY \T ( ! IMP]SONAL POLITICAL >5A & PUT IT 9 A MORE REAL CONTEXT1 NONVIOL5CE IMPLIES ?AT IT IS IMMORAL = A WOMAN TO FI ,NONVIOL5CE IMPLIES ?AT IT IS BETT] = SOMEONE TO BE RAP$ ?AN TO PULL ! ME*ANICAL P5CIL \T ( H] POCKET & PLUNGE IT 9TO H] ASSAILANT'S JUGUL> 7BECAUSE DO+ SO W\LD SUPPOS$LY CONTRIBUTE TO SOME CYCLE ( VIOL5CE & 5C\RAGE FUTURE RAPES74 ,PACIFISM SIMPLY DOES NOT RESONATE 9 PEOPLE'S EV]YDAY REALITIES1 UNLESS ?OSE PEOPLE LIVE 9 SOME EXTRAVAGANT BUBBLE ( TRANQUILITY FROM :I* ALL =MS ( CIVILIZATION'S P&EMIC REACTIVE VIOL5CE HAVE BE5 PU%$ \T BY ! SY/EMIC & LESS VISIBLE VIOL5CE ( POLICE & MILIT>Y =CES4 ,FROM ANO!R ANGLE1 NONVIOL5CE SEEMS WELL-SUIT$ TO DEAL+ ) PATRI>*Y4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! ABOLITION ( PATRI>*Y 9 P>TICUL> REQUIRES =MS ( RESI/ANCE ?AT EMPHASIZE HEAL+ & RECONCILIATION4.<#a#a#i.> ,! ,WE/]N CONCEPT ( JU/ICE1 BAS$ ON LAW & PUNI%M5T1 IS PATRI>*AL ?R\< & ?R\<4 ,E>LY LEGAL CODES DEF9$ WOM5 AS PROP]TY1 & LAWS W]E WRITT5 = MALE PROP]TY [N]S1 :O HAD BE5 SOCIALIZ$ NOT TO DEAL ) EMOTIONS2 0WRONGS0 W]E ADDRESS$ ?R\< PUNI%M5T RA!R ?AN RECONCILIATION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 PATRI>*Y IS NOT UPHELD BY A P[]FUL ELITE :O MU/ BE =CIBLY DEFEAT$1 BUT BY EV]YONE4 ,BECAUSE ! DI/RIBUTION ( P[] )9 PATRI>*Y IS MU* MORE DIFFUS$ ?AN )9 ! /ATE OR CAPITALISM 7= EXAMPLE1 A MALE G5]AL :O ALSO SITS ON ! ADVISORY BO>D ( A MAJOR CORPORATION HOLDS SIGNIFICANT P[] )9 ! /ATE & CAPITALISM1 BUT DOES NOT D]IVE MU* MORE P[] SPECIFICALLY FROM PATRI>*Y ?AN ANY O!R MALE1 EXCEPT P]HAPS AS A ROLE MODEL ( MANL9ESS71 FI*Y OR >E RESPONSIBLE = AN ESPECIALLY BRUTAL =M ( IT4 ,KILL+ A COP :O RAPES HOMELESS TRANSG5D] PEOPLE & PRO/ITUTES1 BURN+ D[N ! (FICE ( A MAGAZ9E ?AT CONSCI\SLY M>KETS A BEAUTY /&>D ?AT LEADS TO ANOREXIA & BULIMIA1 KIDNAPP+ ! PRESID5T ( A COMPANY ?AT CONDUCTS WOM5-TRAFFICK+--NONE ( !SE ACTIONS PREV5T ! BUILD+ ( A HEAL?Y CULTURE4 ,RA!R1 C]TA9 P[]FUL PEOPLE :O CONSCI\SLY PR(IT FROM PATRI>*Y ACTIVELY PREV5T A HEAL?Y CULTURE FROM EM]G+4 ,VALU+ HEAL?Y RELATION%IPS IS COMPLEM5T$ BY MILITANTLY OPPOS+ 9/ITUTIONS ?AT PROPAGATE EXPLOITIVE & VIOL5T RELATION%IPS1 & /RIK+ \T AGA9/ ! MO/ EGREGI\S & PROBABLY 9CORRIGIBLE EXAMPLES ( PATRI>*Y IS ONE WAY TO $UCATE O!RS AB\T ! NE$ = AN ALT]NATIVE4 ,MO/ ( ! WORK NE$$ TO OV]COME PATRI>*Y WILL PROBABLY BE PEACEFUL1 FOCUS$ ON HEAL+ & BUILD+ ALT]NATIVES4 ,BUT A PACIFI/ PRACTICE ?AT =BIDS ! USE ( ANY O!R TACTICS LEAVES NO OPTION = PEOPLE :O NE$ TO PROTECT !MSELVES FROM VIOL5CE N[4 ,9 ! CASE ( RAPE & O!R =MS ( VIOL5CE AGA9/ WOM51 NONVIOL5CE IMPLIES ! SAME LESSONS ?AT PATRI>*Y HAS TAU*Y -- ! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T -- /ORY UPON COMM&M5T UPON P>ABLE UPON LAW C\NSEL WOM5 TO SUFF] 9JU/ICE PATI5TLY & PRAY = ! DIV9E ,AU?ORITY TO 9T]V5E4 7,?IS PRESCRIPTION IS REM>KABLY SIMIL> TO PACIFI/S' FAI? 9 ! CORPORATE M$IA TO DISSEM9ATE IMAGES ( DIGNIFI$ SUFF]+ & MOTIVATE ! 0DECISION-MAK+ AU?ORITY0 TO IMPLEM5T JU/ICE74 ,BECAUSE PATRI>*Y CLE>LY PRESCRIBES A ONE-SID$ MALE VIOL5CE1 WOM5 W\LD BE DISRUPT+ ?IS P[] DYNAMIC1 NOT RE9=C+ IT1 BY RELE>N+ !IR PROP5SITY = VIOL5CE4.<#a#b.> ,TO REIT]ATE1 WOM5 RECLAIM+ ! ABILITY & RI*Y1 BUT IT IS A NECESS>Y CONDITION = G5D] LIB]ATION1 AS WELL AS A USEFUL =M ( EMP[]M5T & PROTECTION 9 ! %ORT T]M4 ,PACIFI/S & RE=MI/ FEM9I/S HAVE (T5 *>G$ ?AT IT IS MILITANT ACTIVI/S :O >E SEXI/4 ,9 MANY SPECIFIC CASES1 ! ACCUSATION HAS BE5 VALID4 ,BUT ! CRITICISM IS FREQU5TLY BROAD5$ TO SUGGE/ ?AT ! USE ( VIOL5T ACTIVISM ITSELF IS SEXI/1 MASCUL9E1 OR O!RWISE PRIVILEG$4.<#a#b#a.> ,AS ,LA9A ,TANGLEWOOD EXPLA9S1 0,SOME REC5T 'FEM9I/' CRITIQUES ( AN>*ISM HAVE CONDEMN$ MILITANCY AS BE+ SEXI/ & NON-9CLUSIVE TO WOM54444,?IS IDEA IS ACTUALLY ! SEXI/ ONE40.<#a#b#b.> ,ANO!R AN>*I/ PO9TS \T1 0,9 FACT1 ! MASCUL9IZATION ( VIOL5CE1 ) ITS UN/AT$ SEXI/ CONCOMITANT1 ! FEM9IZATION ( PASSIVITY1 REALLY [ES MORE TO ! PRESUMPTIONS ( ?OSE :OSE NOTION ( *ANGE DOES NOT 9CLUDE REVOLUTION OR ! ANNIHILATION ( ! ,/ATE40.<#a#b#c.> ,LIKEWISE1 :OSE NOTION ( FRE$OM DOES NOT 9CLUDE WOM5'S BE+ ABLE TO DEF5D !MSELVES8 ,RESPOND+ TO ! PRESUMPTION ?AT WOM5 CAN ONLY BE PROTECT$ BY L>G] SOCIAL /RUCTURES1 ACTIVI/ ,SUE ,DANIELS REM9DS US1 0,A WOMAN CAN FI 0,! ,WILL TO ,W96 ,WOM5 & ,SELF-,DEF5SE10 AN ANONYM\SLY AU?OR$ PAMPHLET1 ADDS ! FOLL[+3 ,IT IS RIDICUL\S ?AT !RE >E SO MANY C\NSEL+ & SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS = WOM5 :O HAVE BE5 RAP$1 ATTACK$1 & ABUS$ BUT H>DLY ANY ?AT WORK TO PREP>E & PREV5T !SE ?+S FROM HAPP5+4 ,WE MU/ REFUSE TO BE VICTIMS & REJECT ! IDEA ?AT WE %\LD SUBMIT TO \R ASSAILANTS TO KEEP FROM >\S+ FUR!R VIOL5CE4 ,9 REALITY1 SUBMITT+ TO \R ASSAILANTS WILL ONLY CONTRIBUTE TO FUTURE VIOL5CE AGA9/ O!RS4.<#a#b#e.> ,! 5TIRE IDEA ?AT VIOL5CE IS MASCUL9E1 OR ?AT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM NECESS>ILY EXCLUDES WOM51 QUE]S1 & TRANS PEOPLE IS1 LIKE O!R PREMISES ( NONVIOL5CE1 BAS$ ON HI/ORICAL :ITEWA%+4 ,IGNOR$ >E ! ,NIG]IAN WOM5 OCCUPY+ & SABOTAG+ PETROLEUM FACILITIES2 ! WOM5 M>TYRS ( ! ,PALE/9IAN 9TIFADA2 ! QUE] & TRANSG5D] W>RIORS ( ! ,/ONEWALL ,REBELLION2 ! 9NUM]ABLE ?\S&S ( WOM5 :O F\*A-FEM9I/S 9 ,BOLIVIA2 & ,BRITI% SUFFRAGETTES :O RIOT$ & F\E ! WOM5 FROM ! RANK & FILE TO ! HITY1 ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 ! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND1 & O!R MILITANT GR\PS4 ,! IDEA ?AT FIS IT UP BECAUSE EV5 ! MO/ EFFECTIVE PATRI>*Y IMAG9ABLE C\LD NEV] PREV5T ALL TRANSG5D] PEOPLE & ALL WOM5 FROM MILITANTLY FI ZONE8 ,OR MU/ PACIFI/S REMA9 ON ! DEF5SIVE1 ONLY FI*Y FROM MILITANT OPPOSITION1 NONVIOL5CE ALSO HELPS PRES]VE PATRI>*AL DYNAMICS )9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,ONE ( ! MAJOR PREMISES ( CURR5T ANTI-OPPRESSION ACTIVISM 7BORN \T ( ! JO9T DESIRE TO PROMOTE HEAL?I]1 MORE EMP[]$ MOVEM5TS & TO AVOID ! 9FIGELY FROM NEGLECT$ OPPRESSIVE DYNAMICS ?AT CRIPPL$ ! PREVI\S G5]ATION'S LIB]ATION /RUGGLES7 IS ?AT OPPRESSIVE SOCIAL HI]>*IES EXI/ & REPLICATE !MSELVES 9 ! BEHAVIOR ( ALL SUBJECTS & MU/ BE OV]COME 9T]NALLY AS WELL AS EXT]NALLY4 ,BUT PACIFISM ?RIVES ON AVOID+ SELF-CRITICISM4.<#a#b#f.> ,MANY >E FAMILI> ) ! P>TIALLY JU/IFI$ /]EOTYPE ( SELF-CONGRATULATORY1 SELF-CELEBRATORY NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S :O 0EMBODY ! *ANGE . WI% TO SEE 9 ! WORLD0.<#a#b#g.> TO SU* A DEGREE ?AT 9 !IR M9DS1 !Y EMBODY EV]Y?+ RI*Y W]E 5TIRELY VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS4.<#a#b#h.> ,9 SU* A CONTEXT1 H[ EASILY C\LD A PR$OM9ANTLY MALE LEAD]%IP ?AT IS UND]/OOD TO EMBODY ! NONVIOL5T IDEAL AS A RESULT ( !IR P>TICIPATION 9 AN IMPRESSIVE NUMB] ( HUNG] /RIKES & SIT-9S BE CALL$ \T = OPPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR1 TRANSPHOBIA1 OR SEXUAL ABUSE8 ,! PACIFI/ AVOIDANCE ( SELF-CRITICISM IS FUNCTIONAL1 NOT JU/ TYPICAL4 ,:5 Y\R /RATEGY'S VICTORY COMES FROM 0CAPTUR.<+.> & MA9TA9.<+.> ! MORAL HI< GR\ND10.<#a#b#i.> IT IS NECESS>Y TO PORTRAY Y\RSELF AS MORAL & Y\R 5EMY AS IMMORAL4 ,UNCOV]+ BIGOTRIES & OPPRESSIVE DYNAMICS AMONG GR\P LEAD]S & MEMB]S IS SIMPLY C\NT]PRODUCTIVE TO Y\R *OS5 /RATEGY4 ,H[ MANY PEOPLE KN[ ?AT ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ JR4 TREAT$ ,ELLA ,BAK] 7:O IS L>GELY RESPONSIBLE = BUILD+ ! F\NDATION ( ! ,S\!RN ,*RI/IAN ,LEAD]%IP ,CONF]5CE .<,S,C,L,C.> :ILE ,K+ WAS /ILL 9EXP]I5C$ AS AN ORGANIZ]7 LIKE HIS SECRET>Y2 LAU<$ 9 ! FACES ( SEV]AL WOM5 9 ! ORGANIZATION :5 !Y SUGGE/$ ?AT P[] & LEAD]%IP %\LD BE %>$2 SAID ?AT WOM5'S NATURAL ROLE WAS MO!RHOOD1 & ?AT !Y1 UN=TUNATELY1 W]E 0=C$0 9TO ! POSITIONS ( 0TEA*]0 & 0LEAD]02.<#a#c.> & REMOV$ ,BAY>D ,RU/9 FROM HIS ORGANIZATION BECAUSE ,RU/9 WAS GAY8.<#a#c#a.> ,BUT !N1 :Y W\LD !SE FACTS BE WIDELY AVAILABLE :5 MAK+ AN ICON ( ,K+ 5TAIL$ COV]+ UP ANY SU* FAULTS & PORTRAY+ HIM AS A SA9T8 ,= REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S1 H[EV]1 VICTORY COMES FROM BUILD+ P[] & \T-/RATEGIZ+ ! /ATE4 ,SU* A PA? REQUIRES CON/ANT ASSESSM5T & SELF-CRITICISM4.<#a#c#b.> ,IT IS (T5 PREEXI/+ SEXI/ ASSUMPTIONS ?AT PA9T MILITANT GR\PS AS MORE SEXI/ ?AN !Y ACTUALLY >E4 ,= EXAMPLE1 WOM5 W]E EFFECTIVELY EXCLUD$ FROM LEAD]%IP POSITIONS 9 ,K+'S ,S,C,L,C1.<#a#c#c.> :]EAS WOM5 7= EXAMPLE1 ,ELA9E ,BR[N7 AT TIMES HELD ! TOP POSITIONS 9 ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY 7,B,P,P74 ,YET IT IS ! ,B,P,P1 & NOT ! ,S,C,L,C1 ?AT IS HELD UP AS ! P>AGON ( MA*ISMO4 ,KA?LE5 ,CLEAV] REBUTS1 0,9 #a#i#g1 ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY TOOK A =MAL POSITION ON ! LIB]ATION ( WOM54 ,DID ! ,U,S ,CONGRESS EV] MAKE ANY /ATEM5T ON ! LIB]ATION ( WOM580.<#a#c#d.> ,FRANKYE ,MALIKA ,ADAMS1 ANO!R ,PAN!R1 SAID1 0,WOM5 RAN ! ,B,P,P PRETTY MU*4 ,I DON'T KN[ H[ IT GOT TO BE A MALE'S P>TY OR ?\TY40.<#a#c#e.> ,9 RESURRECT+ A TRU] HI/ORY ( ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY1 ,MUMIA ,ABU-,JAMAL DOCUM5TS :AT WAS1 9 SOME WAYS1 0A WOMAN'S P>TY40.<#a#c#f.> ,NONE!LESS1 SEXISM P]SI/$ AMONG ! ,PAN!RS1 AS IT P]SI/S )9 ANY REVOLUTION>Y MILIEU1 & ANY O!R SEGM5T ( A PATRI>*AL SOCIETY TODAY4 ,PATRI>*Y CANNOT BE DE/ROY$ OV]NI*Y AS A PRIM>Y 5EMY & OP5 SPACES )9 REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS = WOM51 QUE] PEOPLE1 & TRANSG5D] PEOPLE TO BE CREATIVE =CES 9 DIRECT+1 ASSESS+1 & RE=MULAT+ ! /RUGGLE 7:ILE ALSO SUPPORT+ M5'S EF=TS TO UND]/& & C\NT] \R [N SOCIALIZATION74 ,AN HONE/ EVALUATION %[S ?AT NO MATT] \R 9T5TIONS1 MORE WORK REMA9S TO BE DONE TO FREE CONTROL ( ! MOVEM5T FROM ! H&S ( M5 & TO F9D HEAL?Y1 RE/ORATIVE WAYS TO DEAL ) ABUSIVE PATT]NS 9 RELATION%IPS1 SOCIAL OR ROMANTIC1 AMONG MEMB]S ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,:E!R MILITANT OR PACIFI/1 NE>LY EV]Y TACTICAL OR /RATEGIC DISCUSSION ,I HAVE P>TICIPAT$ 9 WAS ATT5D$ & DOM9AT$ OV]:ELM+LY BY M54 ,RA!R ?AN CLAIM ?AT WOM5 & TRANSG5D] PEOPLE >E SOMEH[ UNABLE TO P>TICIPATE 9 A BROAD SPECTRUM ( TACTICAL OPTIONS 7OR EV5 DISCUSS !M71 WE W\LD DO WELL TO RECALL ! VOICES ( ?OSE :O HAVE F\IES4 ,TO ?AT 5D3 ,MUJ]ES ,CRE&O IS AN AN>*A-FEM9I/ GR\P 9 ,BOLIVIA4 ,ITS MEMB]S HAVE 5GAG$ 9 GRAFFITI CAMPAIGNS & ANTI-POV]TY CAMPAIGNS4 ,!Y PROTECT PROTE/]S FROM POLICE VIOL5CE AT DEMON/RATIONS4 ,9 !IR MO/ DRAMATIC ACTION1 !Y >M$ !MSELVES ) ,MOLOTOV COCKTAILS & /ICKS ( DYNAMITE & HELP$ A GR\P ( 9DIG5\S F>M]S TAKE OV] A BANK TO DEM& =GIV5ESS ( ! DEBT ?AT WAS />V+ ! F>M]S & !IR FAMILIES4 ,9 AN 9T]VIEW1 ,JULIETA ,P>$ES1 A F\ND+ MEMB]1 EXPLA9S ! GR\P'S ORIG9S4 ,MUJ]ES ,CRE&O IS A 0CRAZ9ESS0 />T$ BY ?REE WOM5 .<,JULIETA ,P>$ES1 ,M>IA ,GAL9DO1 & ,MONICA ,M5DOZA.> FROM ! >ROGANT1 HOMOPHOBIC1 & TOTALIT>IAN ,LEFT ( ,BOLIVIA ( ! '#hS 4444,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 US & ?OSE :O TALK AB\T ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM IS ?AT ALL !IR PROPOSALS = A NEW SOCIETY COME FROM ! PATRI>*Y ( ! ,LEFT4 ,AS FEM9I/S 9 ,MUJ]ES ,CRE&O WE WANT REVOLUTION1 A REAL *ANGE ( ! SY/EM4444,I'VE SAID IT & ,I'LL SAY IT AGA9 ?AT WE'RE NOT AN>*I/S BY ,BAKUN9 OR ! ,C,N,T1 BUT RA!R BY \R GR&MO!RS1 & ?AT'S A BEAUTIFUL S*OOL ( AN>*ISM4.<#a#c#g.> ,SYLVIA ,RIV]A1 A ,PU]TO ,RICAN DRAG QUE51 TALK$ AB\T H] P>TICIPATION 9 ! #aifi ,/ONEWALL ,REBELLION1 SP>K$ AFT] POLICE RAID$ ! ,/ONEWALL ,B> 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY'S ,GRE5WI* ,VILLAGE TO H>ASS ! QUE] & TRANS PATRONS4 ,WE W]E NOT TAK+ ANY MORE ( ?IS %IT4 ,WE HAD DONE SO MU* = O!R MOVEM5TS4 ,IT WAS TIME4 ,IT WAS /REET GAY PEOPLE FROM ! ,VILLAGE \T FRONT -- HOMELESS PEOPLE :O LIV$ 9 ! P>K 9 ,%]IDAN ,SQU>E \TSIDE ! B> -- & !N DRAG QUE5S BEH9D !M & EV]YBODY BEH9D US4444 ,I'M GLAD ,I WAS 9 ! ,/ONEWALL ,RIOT4 ,I REMEMB] :5 SOMEONE ?REW A ,MOLOTOV COCKTAIL1 ,I ?\ ,ANN ,HANS5 IS A ,CANADIAN REVOLUTION>Y :O S]V$ SEV5 YE>S 9 PRISON = H] 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! #a#i#hS ) ! UND]GR\ND GR\PS ,DIRECT ,ACTION & ! ,WIMM9'S ,FIRE ,BRIGADE1 :I* 7AMONG O!R ACTIONS7 BOMB$ ! FACTORY ( ,LITTON ,SY/EMS 7A MANUFACTUR] ( CRUISE-MISSILE COMPON5TS7 & FIREBOMB$ A *A9 ( PORNOGRAPHY %OPS ?AT SOLD VIDEOS DEPICT+ RAPES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,HANS53 ,!RE >E MANY DIFF]5T =MS ( DIRECT ACTION1 SOME MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN O!RS AT DIFF]5T PO9TS 9 HI/ORY1 BUT 9 CONJUNCTION ) O!R =MS ( PROTE/1 DIRECT ACTION CAN MAKE ! MOVEM5T = *ANGE MORE EFFECTIVE BY OP5+ AV5UES ( RESI/ANCE ?AT >E NOT EASILY CO-OPT$ OR CONTROLL$ BY ! /ATE4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 PEOPLE )9 ! MOVEM5T WEAK5 !IR [N ACTIONS BY FAIL+ TO UND]/& & SUPPORT ! DIV]SE TACTICS AVAILABLE4444 ,WE HAVE BECOME PACIFI$4.<#a#c#i.> ,RUSSIAN-BORN ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN -- ,AM]ICA'S MO/ FAM\S AN>*I/1 P>TICIPANT 9 ! ATTEMPT$ ASSASS9ATION ( /EEL BOSS ,H5RY ,CLAY ,FRICK 9 #a#h#i#b1 SUPPORT] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & ONE ( ! E>LIE/ CRITICS ( ! ,L59I/ GOV]NM5T -- WRITES ( WOM5'S EMANCIPATION1 0,HI/ORY TELLS US ?AT EV]Y OPPRESS$ CLASS GA9$ TRUE LIB]ATION FROM ITS MA/]S ?R\< ITS [N EF=TS4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT WOMAN LE>N ?AT LESSON1 ?AT %E REALIZE ?AT H] FRE$OM WILL REA* AS F> AS H] P[] TO A*IEVE FRE$OM REA*ES40.<#a#d.> ,MOLLIE ,/EIM] WAS ANO!R ,RUSSIAN-,AM]ICAN IMMIGRANT AN>*I/4 ,FROM A Y\NG AGE1 ,/EIM] WORK$ ) ,FRAYHAYT1 A ,YIDDI%-LANGUAGE AN>*I/ PAP] FROM ,NEW ,YORK4 ,ITS MAS!AD PROCLAIM$3 0,! ONLY JU/ W> IS ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 ,FROM #aiah ONW>DS1 ,/EIM] WAS >RE/$ & IMPRISON$ REPEAT$LY = SPEAK+ \T AGA9/ ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> OR 9 SUPPORT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 :I*1 AT ?AT TIME1 BE=E ! ,L59I/ CONSOLIDATION & PURGES1 HAD A SIGNIFICANT AN>*I/ COMPON5T4 ,AT ONE TRIAL %E DECL>$1 0,TO ! FULFILLM5T ( ?IS IDEA .*ISM.>1 ,I WILL DEVOTE ALL MY 5]GY1 &1 IF NECESS>Y1 R5D] MY LIFE = IT40.<#a#d#a.> ,/EIM] WAS DEPORT$ TO ,RUSSIA & !N JAIL$ BY ! ,SOVIETS = SUPPORT+ AN>*I/ PRISON]S !RE4 ,ANNA ,MAE ,PICT\-,AQUA% WAS A ,MI'KMAQ WOMAN & ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T 7,A,I,M7 ACTIVI/4 ,AFT] TEA*+1 C\NSEL+ ,NATIVE Y\?1 & 0WORK+ ) ,BO/ON'S ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN & ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN COMMUNITIES10.<#a#d#b.> %E JO9$ ,A,I,M & WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! #g#a-DAY OCCUPATION ( ,W\ND$ ,KNEE ON ! ,P9E ,RIDGE ,RES]VATION 9 #a#i#g#c4 ,9 #a#i#g#e1 AT ! HEIAMILIT>IES EQUIPP$ BY ! ,F,B,I1 ,PICT\-,AQUA% WAS PRES5T AT A %OOT-\T 9 :I* TWO ,F,B,I AG5TS W]E KILL$4 ,9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#g#e1 %E WAS DECL>$ A FUGITIVE = AVOID+ C\RT APPE>ANCES ON EXPLOSIVES *>GES4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#g#f1 %E WAS F\ND DEAD1 %OT 9 ! BACK ( ! HEAD2 ! /ATE CORON] LI/$ ! CAUSE ( DEA? AS 0EXPOSURE40 ,AFT] H] DEA?1 IT WAS LE>N$ ?AT ! ,F,B,I HAD ?REAT5$ H] LIFE = NOT SELL+ \T O!R ,A,I,M ACTIVI/S4 ,DUR+ H] LIFE1 ,PICT\-,AQUA% WAS AN \TSPOK5 ACTIVI/ & REVOLUTION>Y4 ,!SE :ITE PEOPLE ?9K ?IS C\NTRY BELONGS TO !M -- !Y DO NOT REALIZE ?AT !Y >E ONLY 9 *>GE RIE MORE ( !M ?AN !RE >E ( US4 ,! :OLE C\NTRY *ANG$ ) ONLY A H&FUL ( RAGG$Y-ASS PILGRIMS ?AT CAME OV] H]E 9 ! #a#eS4 ,IT CAN TAKE A H&FUL ( RAGG$Y-ASS ,9DIANS TO DO ! SAME1 & ,I 9T5D TO BE ONE ( ?OSE RAGG$Y-ASS ,9DIANS4.<#a#d#c.> ,ROTE ,ZORA 7,R,Z7 WAS A ,G]MAN URBAN GU]RILLA GR\P ( ANTI-IMP]IALI/ FEM9I/S4 ,TOGE!R ) ! ALLI$ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CELLS1 !Y C>RI$ \T MORE ?AN TWO HUNDR$ ATTACKS1 MO/LY BOMB+S1 DUR+ ! #a#i#gS & #hS4 ,!Y T>GET$ PORNOGRAPH]S2 CORPORATIONS US+ SWEAT%OPS2 GOV]NM5T BUILD+S2 COMPANIES TRAD+ WOM5 AS WIVES1 SEX SLAVES1 & DOME/IC WORK]S2 DRUG COMPANIES2 & MORE4 ,9 AN ANONYM\S 9T]VIEW1 ,ROTE ,ZORA MEMB]S EXPLA9$ ?AT3 0! WOM5 ( ,R,Z />T$ 9 #aigd ) ! BOMB+ ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT 9 ,K>LSRUHE BECAUSE WE ALL WANT$ ! TOTAL ABOLI%M5T ( '#b#a#h' 7! ABORTION LAW740.<#a#d#d.> ,ASK$ :E!R VIOL5CE SU* AS !IR BOMB+S H>MS ! MOVEM5T1 ! MEMB]S REPLI$3 ,ZORA #a3 ,TO H>M ! MOVEM5T -- Y\ TALK AB\T ! 9/ALLATION ( REPRESSION4 ,! ACTIONS DON'T H>M ! MOVEM5T6 ,IT'S ! OPPOSITE1 !Y %\LD & CAN SUPPORT ! MOVEM5T DIRECTLY4 ,\R ATTACK ON ! WOM5 TRAD]S1 = EXAMPLE1 HELP$ TO EXPOSE !IR BUS9ESS TO ! PUBLIC LIT TO PRES5T ?OSE :O /RUGGLE UNCOMPROMIS+LY AS RESPONSIBLE = /ATE P]SECUTION1 DE/RUCTION1 & REPRESSION4 ,!Y NOT ONLY CONFUSE CAUSE ) EFFECT1 BUT ALSO JU/IFY IMPLICITLY /ATE T]ROR4 ,!RE=E1 !Y WEAK5 !IR [N POSITION4 ,!Y N>R[ ! FRAME ( !IR PROTE/ & !IR RESI/ANCE 4444 ,! 9T]VIEW W5T ON TO ASK ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION4 ,H[ CAN NON-AUTONOM\S1 NON-RADICAL WOM5 UND]/& :AT Y\ WANT8 ,>M$ ACTIONS DO HAVE A 0SC>E AWAY0 EFFECT4 ,ZORA #b3 ,MAYBE IT IS SC>Y IF EV]YDAY REALITY IS QUE/ION$4 ,WOM5 :O GET IT P\ND$ 9TO !IR HEADS FROM ! TIME !Y >E LITTLE GIRLS ?AT !Y >E VICTIMS GET 9SECURE IF !Y >E CONFRONT$ ) ! FACT ?AT WOM5 >E NEI!R VICTIMS NOR PEACEFUL4 ,?IS IS A PROVOCATION4 ,?OSE WOM5 :O EXP]I5CE !IR P[]LESSNESS ) RAGE CAN ID5TIFY ) \R ACTIONS4 ,AS EV]Y ACT ( VIOL5CE AGA9/ ONE WOMAN CREATES AN ATMOSPH]E ( ?REAT AGA9/ ALL WOM51 \R ACTIONS CONTRIBUTE -- EV5 IF !Y AIM ONLY AGA9/ ! 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBLE -- TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN ATMOSPH]E ( 0,RESI/ANCE IS POSSIBLE60.<#a#d#e.> ,!RE IS1 H[EV]1 A GREAT DEAL ( FEM9I/ LIT]ATURE ?AT D5IES ! EMP[]+ 7& HI/ORICALLY IMPORTANT7 EFFECTS ( MILITANT /RUGGLE ON WOM5'S & O!R MOVEM5TS1 (F]+ 9/EAD A PACIFI/ FEM9ISM4 ,PACIFI/ FEM9I/S PO9T TO ! SEXISM & MA*ISMO ( C]TA9 MILITANT LIB]ATION ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* WE %\LD ALL ACKN[L$GE & ADDRESS4 ,>GU+ AGA9/ NONVIOL5CE & 9 FAVOR ( A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS %\LD NOT AT ALL IMPLY A SATISFACTION ) ! /RATEGIES OR CULTURES ( PA/ MILITANT GR\PS 7= EXAMPLE1 ! MA*O PO/UR+ ( ! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND OR ! ANTI-FEM9ISM ( ! ,R$ ,BRIGADES74.<#a#d#f.> ,BUT TAK+ !SE CRITICISMS S]I\SLY %\LD NOT PREV5T US FROM PO9T+ \T ! HYPOCRISY ( FEM9I/S :O GLADLY DECRY SEXI/ BEHAVIOR BY MILITANTS BUT COV] IT UP :5 IT IS COMMITT$ BY PACIFI/S -- = EXAMPLE1 RELI%+ ! TALE ?AT ,G&HI LE>N$ NONVIOL5CE FROM HIS WIFE )\T M5TION+ ! DI/URB+LY PATRI>*AL ASPECTS ( !IR RELATION%IP4.<#a#d#g.> ,SOME FEM9I/S GO FUR!R ?AN SPECIFIC CRITICISMS & ATTEMPT TO =GE A METAPHYSICAL L9K BETWE5 FEM9ISM & NONVIOL5CE3 ?IS IS ! 0FEM9IZATION ( PASSIVITY0 M5TION$ E>LI]4 ,9 AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,B]KELEY J\RNAL ,PEACE ,P[]1 ,C>OL ,FL9D]S CITES A /UDY BY ,U,C,L,A SCI5TI/S ASS]T+ ?AT WOM5 >E HORMONALLY PROGRAMM$ TO RESPOND TO DANG] NOT ) ! FI ,?IS SORT ( POP SCI5CE HAS LONG BE5 A FAVOR$ TOOL TO RECON/ITUTE ! PATRI>*Y BY SUPPOS$LY PROV+ ! EXI/5CE ( NATURAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 M5 & WOM51 & PEOPLE >E ALL TOO WILL+ TO =GET BASIC MA!MATIC PR9CIPLES 9 ORD] TO SURR5D] TO SU* A WELL-ORD]$ WORLD4 ,NAMELY1 >BITR>ILY DIVID+ HUMANITY 9TO TWO SETS 7MALE & FEMALE7 BAS$ ON A V]Y LIMIT$ NUMB] ( *>ACT]I/ICS WILL 9V>IABLY PRODUCE DIFF]5T AV]AGES = EA* SET4 ,PEOPLE :O DO NOT KN[ ?AT AN AV]AGE DOES NOT EXPRESS1 BUT OBSCURES1 ! DIV]SITY )9 A SET HAPPILY DECL>E !SE TWO SETS TO BE NATURAL CATEGORIES & CONT9UE TO MAKE PEOPLE FEEL LIKE !Y >E UNNATURAL & ABNORMAL IF !Y DO NOT FALL CLOSE TO ! AV]AGE ( !IR SET 7,GOD =BID !Y FALL CLOS] TO ! AV]AGE ( ! O!R SET74 ,BUT ,FL9D]S IS NOT CONT5T TO PAUSE !RE1 ) ! IMPLICITLY TRANSPHOBIC & G5D]-ESS5TIALIZ+.<#a#d#i.> ,U,C,L,A /UDY4 ,%E GOES ON TO DELVE 9TO 0\R REMOTE1 PRE-HUMAN PA/4 ,AMONG *IMPANZEES1 \R NE>E/ RELATIONS1 MALES PATROL ! T]RITORY )9 :I* ! FEMALES & 9FANTS FE$4444,FEMALES >E R>ELY \T ON ?OSE FRONTL9ES2 !Y'RE MORE TYPICALLY 5GAG$ 9 DIRECT C>E ( !IR (FSPR+40 ,FL9D]S ASS]TS ?AT ?IS %[S 0IT'S NEV] BE5 P>TICUL>LY ADAPTIVE = WOM5 TO 5GAGE 9 DIRECT COMBAT0 & 0WOM5 T5D TO COME AT . FROM A SOME:AT DIFF]5T DIRECTION & EV5 LIVE IT \T RA!R DIFF]5TLY40.<#a#e.> ,FL9D]S IS COMMITT+ ANO!R SCI5TIFIC BLUND]1 & HAS TAK5 ON A REM>KABLY SEXI/ TONE4 ,FIR/LY1 ! EVOLUTION>Y DET]M9ISM %E IS US+ IS NEI!R SCRUPUL\S NOR PROV5 -- ITS POPUL>ITY COMES FROM ITS UTILITY 9 CREAT+ AN ALIBI = OPPRESSIVE HI/ORICAL SOCIAL /RUCTURES4 ,EV5 )9 ?IS DUBI\S FRAMEWORK1 ,FL9D]S IS FLAW$ 9 H] ASSUMPTIONS4 ,HUMANS DID NOT EVOLVE FROM *IMPANZEES2 RA!R1 BO? SPECIES EVOLV$ FROM ! SAME PR$ECESSOR4 ,*IMPANZEES >E EV]Y BIT AS MOD]N AS HUMANS1 & BO? SPECIES HAVE HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO EVOLVE BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS ?AT DIV]GE FROM ! COMMON ANCE/OR4 ,WE >E NOT B\ND TO ! G5D] DIVISIONS ( *IMPS ANY MORE ?AN !Y >E B\ND TO \R PROP5SITY = DEVELOP+ IMM5SE VOCABUL>IES TO OBSCURE ! TRU? ( ! WORLD >\ND US4 ,SECONDLY1 ALONG ! SAME PA? ?AT HAS BR\D NONVIOL5CE1 ,FL9D]S HAS RUN 9TO ! ASS]TION ?AT WOM5'S NATURAL ROLE IS COM=T+ *ILDR5 & FE$+ EV]YBODY -- AWAY FROM ! FRONTL9ES4 ,FL9D]S HAS BOLDLY1 ALBEIT ACCID5TALLY1 DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ! SAME BELIEF SY/EM ?AT SAYS WOM5 >E PEACEFUL ALSO SAYS WOM5'S ROLE IS TO COOK & RAISE *ILDR54 ,! NAME ( ?AT BELIEF SY/EM IS PATRI>*Y4 ,ANO!R >TICLE BY A FEM9I/ ACADEMIC WAXES ESS5TIALI/ RIAGRAPH ( 0,FEM9ISM & ,NONVIOL5CE3 ,A ,RELATIONAL ,MODEL10 ,PATRIZIA ,LONGO WRITES3 ,YE>S ( RESE>*444SUGGE/ ?AT DESPITE ! POT5TIAL PROBLEMS 9VOLV$1 WOM5 CONSI/5TLY P>TICIPATE 9 NONVIOL5T ACTION4 ,H[EV]1 WOM5 *OOSE NONVIOL5CE NOT BECAUSE !Y WI% TO IMPROVE !MSELVES ?R\< ADDITIONAL SUFF]+1 BUT BECAUSE ! /RATEGY FITS !IR VALUES & RES\RCES4.<#a#e#a.> ,9 CON/RA9+ WOM5 TO NONVIOL5CE1 IT SEEMS ?AT PACIFI/ FEM9I/S MU/ ALSO CON/RA9 \R DEF9ITION ( WOM5'S 0VALUES & RES\RCES10 ?US DEF9+ :I* TRAITS >E ESS5TIALLY FEM99E1 LOCK+ WOM5 9TO A ROLE ?AT IS FALSELY NAM$ NATURAL1 & %UTT+ \T PEOPLE :O DO NOT FIT ?AT ROLE4 ,IT IS H>D TO TELL H[ MANY FEM9I/S TODAY ACCEPT ! PREMISES ( ESS5TIALISM1 BUT IT SEEMS ?AT A L>GE NUMB] ( RANK-&-FILE FEM9I/S DO NOT ACCEPT ! IDEA ?AT FEM9ISM & NONVIOL5CE >E OR MU/ BE 9H]5TLY L9K$4 ,ON ONE DISCUSSION BO>D1 DOZ5S ( SELF-ID5TIFI$ FEM9I/S RESPOND$ TO ! QUE/ION1 ,IS !RE A L9K BETWE5 NONVIOL5CE & FEM9ISM8 ,A MAJORITY ( RESPOND5TS1 SOME PACIFI/1 MANY NOT1 EXPRESS$ ! BELIEF ?AT FEM9I/S DO NOT NE$ TO SUPPORT NONVIOL5CE4 ,ONE MESSAGE SUMM$ IT UP3 ,!RE IS /ILL A SUB/ANTIAL /RA9 9 FEM9ISM ?AT L9KS WOM5 ) NONVIOL5CE4 ,BUT !RE >E ALSO A LOT ( FEM9I/S \T !RE1 MYSELF 9CLUD$1 :O DON'T WANT TO SEE \RSELVES AUTOMATICALLY L9K$ TO ONE /ANCE 7?AT IS1 NONVIOL5CE7 M]ELY BECAUSE ( \R G5ITALIA OR \R FEM9ISM4.<#a#e#b.> O ,*APT] #e 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,TACTICALLY & ,/RATEGICALLY ,9F]IOR ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,TACTICALLY & ,/RATEGICALLY ,9F]IOR ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S ATTEMPT+ TO APPE> /RATEGIC (T5 AVOID ANY REAL /RATEGIZ+ ) 9TREPID SIMPLITUDES SU* AS 0,VIOL5CE IS ! GOV]NM5T'S /RONG SUIT4 ,WE NE$ TO FOLL[ ! PA? ( LEA/ RESI/ANCE & HIT !M :]E !Y'RE WEAK4.<#a#e#c.>0 ,IT'S HI< TIME TO MAKE ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 /RATEGIZ+ & SLOGANE]+1 & GET A LITTLE MORE SOPHI/ICAT$4 ,FIR/1 LET'S />T ) SOME DEF9ITIONS4 7,! USAGES ,I WILL GIVE = ! FOLL[+ T]MS >E NOT UNIV]SAL1 BUT AS LONG AS WE USE !M CONSI/5TLY !Y WILL BE MORE ?AN ADEQUATE = \R PURPOSES47 ,A /RATEGY IS NOT A GOAL1 A SLOGAN1 OR AN ACTION4 ,VIOL5CE IS NOT A /RATEGY1 & NEI!R IS NONVIOL5CE4 ,!SE TWO T]MS 7VIOL5CE & NONVIOL5CE7 O/5SIBLY >E B\ND>IES PLAC$ >\ND SETS ( TACTICS4 ,A LIMIT$ SET ( TACTICS WILL CON/RA9 ! AVAILABLE OPTIONS = /RATEGIES1 BUT ! TACTICS %\LD ALWAYS FL[ FROM ! /RATEGY1 & ! /RATEGY FROM ! GOAL4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 !SE DAYS1 PEOPLE (T5 SEEM TO DO IT 9 REV]SE1 5ACT+ TACTICS \T ( A HABITUAL RESPONSE OR M>%AL+ TACTICS 9TO A /RATEGY )\T MORE ?AN A VAGUE APPRECIATION ( ! GOAL4 ,! GOAL IS ! DE/9ATION4 ,IT IS ! CONDITION ?AT D5OTES VICTORY4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE >E PROXIMATE GOALS & ULTIMATE GOALS4 ,IT MAY BE MO/ REALI/IC TO AVOID A L9E> APPROA* & PICTURE ! ULTIMATE GOAL AS A HORIZON1 ! F>!/ IMAG9ABLE DE/9ATION1 :I* WILL *ANGE ) TIME AS ONCE-DI/ANT WAYPO9TS BECOME CLE>1 NEW GOALS EM]GE1 & A /ATIC OR UTOPIAN /ATE IS NEV] REA*$4 ,= AN>*I/S1 :O DESIRE A WORLD )\T CO]CIVE HI]>*IES1 ! ULTIMATE GOAL TODAY SEEMS TO BE ! ABOLITION ( AN 9T]LOCK+ SET ( SY/EMS ?AT 9CLUDE ! /ATE1 CAPITALISM1 PATRI>*Y1 :ITE SUPREMACY1 & ECOCIDAL =MS ( CIVILIZATION4 ,?IS ULTIMATE GOAL IS V]Y F> AWAY -- SO F> AWAY ?AT MANY ( US AVOID ?9K+ AB\T IT BECAUSE WE MAY F9D WE DO NOT BELIEVE IT IS POSSIBLE4 ,FOCUS+ ON ! IMM$IATE REALITIES IS VITAL1 BUT IGNOR+ ! DE/9ATION 5SURES ?AT WE WILL NEV] GET !RE4 ,! /RATEGY IS ! PA?1 ! GAME PLAN = A*IEV+ ! GOAL4 ,IT IS ! COORD9AT$ SYMPHONY ( MOVES ?AT LEADS TO ! *ECKMATE4 ,W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! ,U,S1 & PROBABLY ELSE:]E1 >E MO/ NEGLIG5T :5 IT COMES TO /RATEGIES4 ,!Y HAVE A R\< IDEA ( ! GOAL1 & >E 9T5SIVELY 9VOLV$ ) ! TACTICS1 BUT (T5 5TIRELY =GO ! CREATION & IMPLEM5TATION ( A VIABLE /RATEGY4 ,9 ONE REG>D1 NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S TYPICALLY HAVE A LEG UP ON REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S1 AS !Y (T5 HAVE WELL DEVELOP$ /RATEGIES 9 PURSUIT ( %ORT-T]M GOALS4 ,! TRADE(F T5DS TO BE A TOTAL AVOIDANCE ( 9T]M$IATE & LONG-T]M GOALS1 PROBABLY BECAUSE ! %ORT-T]M GOALS & /RATEGIES ( PACIFI/S BOX !M 9TO DEAD 5DS ?AT W\LD BE HIE ! ACTIONS OR TYPES ( ACTIONS ?AT PRODUCE RESULTS4 ,IDEALLY1 !SE RESULTS HAVE A COMP\ND$ EFFECT1 BUILD+ MOM5TUM OR CONC5TRAT+ =CE ALONG ! L9ES LAID \T BY ! /RATEGY4 ,LETT] WRIT+ IS A TACTIC4 ,?R[+ A BRICK ?R\< A W9D[ IS A TACTIC4 ,IT IS FRU/RAT+ ?AT ALL ! CONTROV]SY OV] 0VIOL5CE0 & 0NONVIOL5CE0 IS SIMPLY BICK]+ OV] TACTICS1 :5 PEOPLE HAVE1 = ! MO/ P>T1 NOT EV5 FIGUR$ \T :E!R \R GOALS >E COMPATIBLE1 & :E!R \R /RATEGIES >E COMPLEM5T>Y OR C\NT]PRODUCTIVE4 ,9 ! FACE ( G5OCIDE1 EXT9CTION1 IMPRISONM5T1 & A LEGACY ( MILL5NIA ( DOM9ATION & DEGRADATION1 WE BACK/AB ALLIES OR =SWE> P>TICIPATION 9 ! /RUGGLE OV] TRIVIAL MATT]S LIKE SMA%+ W9D[S OR >M+ \RSELVES8 ,IT BOILS ONE'S BLOOD6 ,TO RETURN TO \R COOL & REASON$ ANALYSIS ( !SE MATT]S1 IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT GOALS1 /RATEGIES1 & TACTICS CORRELATE ON A COMMON PLANE1 BUT ! SAME ?+ C\LD BE VIEW$ AS A GOAL1 A /RATEGY1 OR A TACTIC DEP5D+ ON ! SCOPE ( OBS]VATION4 ,!RE >E MULTIPLE LEVELS ( MAGNITUDE1 & ! RELATION%IP AMONG ! ELEM5TS ( A P>TICUL> *A9 ( GOAL-/RATEGY-TACTICS EXI/S ON EA* LEVEL4 ,A %ORT-T]M GOAL MAY BE A LONG-T]M TACTIC4 ,SUPPOSE ?AT 9 ! NEXT YE>1 WE WANT TO SET UP A FREE CL9IC2 ?AT IS \R GOAL4 ,WE DECIDE ON AN ILLEGALI/ /RATEGY 7BAS$ ON ! ASSESSM5T ?AT WE CAN =CE ! LOCAL P[]S TO CONC$E SOME AUTONOMY OR ?AT WE CAN GO UND] !IR RAD> & OCCUPY PREEXI/+ BUBBLES ( AUTONOMY71 & ! TACTICS WE *OOSE FROM MI 7NONPR(ESSIONAL7 HEAL? C>E4 ,N[ SUPPOSE ?AT 9 \R LIFETIME1 WE WANT TO OV]?R[ ! /ATE4 ,\R PLAN ( ATTACK MI MOVEM5T ?AT IS SU/A9$ BY AUTONOM\S 9/ITUTIONS ?AT PEOPLE ID5TIFY ) & /RUGGLE TO PROTECT FROM 9EVITABLE GOV]NM5T REPRESSION4 ,AT ?IS LEVEL1 SETT+ UP FREE CL9ICS IS M]ELY A TACTIC1 ONE ( MANY ACTIONS ?AT BUILD P[] ALONG L9ES RECOMM5D$ BY ! /RATEGY1 :I* PRESUMES TO *>T ! C\RSE = REA*+ ! GOAL ( LIB]ATION FROM ! /ATE4 ,HAV+ ALREADY CRITICIZ$ PACIFI/S' T5D5CY TO UNIFY ON ! BASIS ( COMMON TACTICS RA!R ?AN MUTUAL GOALS1 ,I WILL LEAVE ASIDE ! LIB]AL1 PRO-E/ABLI%M5T PACIFI/S & *>ITABLY ASSUME A R\< SIMIL>ITY ( GOALS BETWE5 NONVIOL5T & REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S4 ,LET'S PRET5D ?AT WE ALL WANT COMPLETE LIB]ATION4 ,?AT LEAVES A DIFF]5CE ( /RATEGIES & TACTICS4 ,CLE>LY1 ! TOTAL POOL ( TACTICS AVAILABLE TO NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S IS 9F]IOR1 AS !Y CAN USE ONLY AB\T HALF ! OPTIONS OP5 TO REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S4 ,9 T]MS ( TACTICS1 NONVIOL5CE IS NO?+ BUT A SEV]E LIMITATION ( ! TOTAL OPTIONS4 ,= NONVIOL5CE TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM1 ! DIFF]5CE W\LD HAVE TO BE 9 ! /RATEGIES1 9 A P>TICUL> >RANGEM5T ( TACTICS ?AT A*IEVES AN UNRIVAL$ POT5CY :ILE AVOID+ ALL ( ! TACTICS ?AT MIACT]IZ$ AS 0VIOL5T40 ,! F\R MAJOR TYPES ( PACIFI/ /RATEGY >E ! MORALITY PLAY1 ! LOBBY+ APPROA*1 ! CREATION ( ALT]NATIVES1 & G5]ALIZ$ DISOB$I5CE4 ,! DI/9CTIONS >E >BITR>Y1 &1 9 SPECIFIC 9/ANCES1 PACIFI/ /RATEGIES BL5D ELEM5TS ( TWO OR MORE ( !SE TYPES4 ,I WILL %[ ?AT NONE ( !SE /RATEGIES CONF] AN ADVANTAGE ON NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S2 9 FACT1 ALL ( !M >E WEAK & %ORTSIIATION -- $UCAT+ OR OCCUPY+ ! MORAL HI< GR\ND -- DIFF]5T TACTICS PROVE USEFUL1 ?\<1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 !Y DO NOT LEAD ANY:]E4 ,ONE 9C>NATION ( ?IS /RATEGY IS TO $UCATE PEOPLE1 TO DISSEM9ATE 9=MATION & PROPAG&A1 TO *ANGE PEOPLE'S OP9IONS & W9 PEOPLE'S SUPPORT 9 A CAMPAIGN4 ,?IS C\LD MEAN $UCAT+ PEOPLE AB\T POV]TY & 9FLU5C+ !M TO OPPOSE ! CLOS+ ( A HOMELESS %ELT]1 OR IT C\LD MEAN $UCAT+ PEOPLE AB\T ! OPPRESSIONS ( GOV]NM5T & 9FLU5C+ !M TO SUPPORT AN>*Y4 7,IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE :AT IS MEANT BY 0SUPPORT0 9 !SE TWO EXAMPLES3 V]BAL & M5TAL SUPPORT4 ,$UCATION MIELY 5C\RAGES PEOPLE TO *ANGE !IR LIFE PRIORITIES OR TAKE SUB/ANTIAL RISKS47 ,! TACTICS US$ = ?IS $UCATION /RATEGY W\LD 9CLUDE HOLD+ SPEE*ES & =UMS2 DI/RIBUT+ PAMPHLETS & O!R 9=MATIONAL TEXTS2 US+ ALT]NATIVE & CORPORATE M$IA TO FOCUS ON & SPREAD 9=MATION AB\T ! ISSUE2 & HOLD+ PROTE/S & RALLIES TO CAPTURE PEOPLE'S ATT5TION & OP5 SPACE = DISCUSSION ( ! ISSUE4 ,MO/ ( US >E FAMILI> ) !SE TACTICS1 AS ?IS IS A COMMON /RATEGY = A*IEV+ *ANGE4 ,WE >E TAURI]S ?AT PREV5T S]I\S HEADWAY 9 PURSUIT ( ANY LONG-T]M GOALS4 ,! FIR/ B>RI] IS ELITE CONTROL ( A HITS & M9DS1 BUT IT UND]E/IMATES ! CULTURE 9DU/RY & ?\ ,! QUOTE ABOVE1 WRITT5 9 #a#i#b#h1 IS FROM ,$W>D ,B]NAYS'S IMPORTANT BOOK1 ,PROPAG&A4 ,B]NAYS WAS NOT SOME FR+E CONSPIRACY !ORI/2 9 FACT1 HE WAS V]Y MU* A P>T ( ! 9VISIBLE GOV]NM5T HE DESCRIBES4 ,B]NAYS'S CLI5TS 9CLUD$ ,G5]AL ,MOTORS2 ,UNIT$ ,FRUIT2 ,?OMAS ,$ISON2 ,H5RY ,=D2 ! ,U,S ,DEP>TM5TS ( ,/ATE1 ,HEAL?1 & ,COMM]CE2 ,SAMUEL ,GOLDWYN1 ,ELEANOR ,ROOSEVELT2 ! ,AM]ICAN ,TOBACCO ,COMPANY2 & ,PROCT] @& ,GAMBLE4 ,HE DIRECT$ PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAMS = EV]Y ,U,S PRESID5T FROM ,CALV9 ,COOLIDGE1 9 #a#i#b#e1 TO ,DWI ,S9CE !N1 ! PUBLIC RELATIONS 9DU/RY ?AT ,B]NAYS HELP$ =M HAS ONLY GR[N4 ,:E!R AGA9/ A LOCAL GRASSROOTS CAMPAIGN OR ! BROAD] /RUGGLE = REVOLUTION1 ! PROPAG&A MA*9E CAN MOBILIZE TO C\NT]1 DISCR$IT1 FACTIONALIZE1 OR DR[N \T ANY IDEOLOGICAL ?REAT4 ,CONSID] ! REC5T ,U,S 9VASION ( ,IRAQ4 ,IT %\LD HAVE BE5 A MODEL = ! SUCCESS ( ?IS /RATEGY4 ,! 9=MATION WAS !RE -- FACTS DEBUNK+ ! LIES AB\T WEAPONS ( MASS DE/RUCTION & ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9 & ,AL-,QAIDA W]E PUBLICLY AVAILABLE MON?S BE=E ! 9VASION BEGAN4 ,! PEOPLE W]E !RE -- PROTE/S PRIOR TO ! 9VASION W]E IMM5SE1 ?\< ! 9VOLVEM5T ( PROTE/ P>TICIPANTS R>ELY W5T BEYOND ! VOCAL & SYMBOLIC1 AS WE W\LD EXPECT FROM AN $UCATION /RATEGY4 ,ALT]NATIVE M$IA WAS !RE -- 5ABL$ BY ! 9T]NET IT REA*$ AN ESPECIALLY L>GE NUMB] ( ,AM]ICANS4 ,YET ! MAJORITY ( PUBLIC OP9ION 9 ! ,U,S 7:I* IS :AT AN $UCATION /RATEGY SEEKS TO CAPTURE7 DID NOT TURN AGA9/ ! W> UNTIL ! CORPORATE M$IA BEGAN REGUL>LY DISCLOS+ 9=MATION AB\T ! FALSITY ( REASONS = GO+ TO W> &1 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ! M\NT+ CO/S ( ! OCCUPATION4 ,&1 9 FULL ACCORDANCE ) ITS NATURE1 ! CORPORATE M$IA DID NOT DISCLOSE ?IS 9=MATION UNTIL SIGNIFICANT SEGM5TS ( ! ELITE !MSELVES BEGAN TO OPPOSE ! W> -- NOT BECAUSE ! W> WAS WRONG OR BECAUSE !Y HAD BE5 $UCAT$ & 5LI ,EV5 9 SU* IDEAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S US+ AN $UCATION /RATEGY C\LD NOT OV]COME ! CORPORATE M$IA4 ,9 :AT CAN BE/ BE DESCRIB$ AS A /UPEFY+ SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T1 ! 5DLESS REPETITION & NE>-TOTAL 9=MATION CONTROL ( ! CORPORATE M$IA >E MU* MORE POT5T ?AN SOLID1 WELL RESE>*$ >GUM5TS SUPPORT$ BY FACTS4 ,I HOPE ?AT ALL PACIFI/S UND]/& ?AT ! CORPORATE M$IA IS AS MU* AN AG5T ( AU?ORITY AS IS ! POLICE =CE OR MILIT>Y4 ,9 ! FACE ( ?IS1 MANY ACTIVI/S LOOK TO ALT]NATIVE M$IA4 ,:ILE SPREAD+ & FUR!R RADICALIZ+ ALT]NATIVE M$IA IS AN IMPORTANT TASK1 IT CANNOT BE ! BACKBONE ( A /RATEGY4 ,IT IS READILY APP>5T ?AT :ILE ALT]NATIVE M$IA CAN BE AN EFFECTIVE TOOL 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 IT CANNOT GO TOE TO TOE ) ! CORPORATE M$IA1 PRIM>ILY BECAUSE ( GROSS 9EQUITIES ( SCALE4 ,ALT]NATIVE M$IA IS KEPT 9 *ECK BY A NUMB] ( CO]CIVE M>KET & LEGAL FACTORS4 ,GETT+ 9=MATION TO MILLIONS ( PEOPLE IS EXP5SIVE1 & ! SPONSORS DO NOT EXI/ :O WILL FUND REVOLUTION>Y PRESS 5 MASSE4 ,! ,CAT*-#b#b IS ?AT !RE WILL BE NO LOYAL READ]%IP TO SUBSCRIBE TO & FUND A TRULY MASS RADICAL M$IA AS LONG AS ! G5]AL POPULATION IS 9DOCTR9AT$ AWAY FROM RADICAL NEWS S\RCES & S$AT$ BY A CULTURE ( COMPLAC5CY4 ,BEYOND M>KET PRESSURES EXI/S ! PROBLEM ( GOV]NM5T REGULATION & 9T]V5TION4 ,! AIRWAVES >E ! DOMA9 ( ! /ATE1 :I* CAN & DOES %UT D[N OR UND]M9E RADICAL RADIO /ATIONS ?AT MANAGE TO F9D FUND+4.<#a#e#g.> ,GOV]NM5TS >\ND ! WORLD -- L$1 ( C\RSE1 BY ! ,U,S -- HAVE ALSO MADE A HABIT ( REPRESS+ RADICAL WEBSITES1 :E!R BY IMPRISON+ ! WEBMA/] ON BOGUS *>GES OR SEIZ+ EQUIPM5T & %UTT+ D[N S]V]S ON ! PRETEXT ( SOME T]RORISM 9VE/IGATION4.<#a#e#h.> ,! SECOND B>RI] 9 ! WAY ( $UCAT+ PEOPLE T[>D REVOLUTION IS A /RUCTURALLY RE9=C$ DISP>ITY 9 PEOPLE'S ACCESS TO $UCATION4 ,MO/ PEOPLE >E NOT CURR5TLY ABLE TO ANALYZE & SYN!SIZE 9=MATION ?AT *ALL5GES ! 9TEGRAL MY?OLOGIES ON :I* !IR ID5TITIES & WORLDVIEWS >E BAS$4 ,?IS IS TRUE ACROSS CLASS L9ES4 ,PEOPLE FROM POOR BACKGR\NDS >E MORE LIKELY TO BE UND]$UCAT$1 KEPT 9 A M5TAL 5VIRONM5T ?AT DISC\RAGES ! DEVELOPM5T ( !IR VOCABUL>IES & ANALYTICAL SKILLS4 ,! OV]$UCATION ( PEOPLE FROM WEAL?Y BACKGR\NDS TURNS !M 9TO TRA9$ MONKEYS2 !Y >E 9T5SIVELY TRA9$ TO USE ANALYSIS ONLY TO DEF5D OR IMPROVE ! EXI/+ SY/EM1 :ILE BE+ 9CURABLY SKEPTICAL & D]ISIVE T[>D REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS OR SUGGE/IONS ?AT ! CURR5T SY/EM IS ROTT5 TO ! CORE4 ,REG>DLESS ( ECONOMIC CLASS1 MO/ PEOPLE 9 ! ,U,S WILL RESPOND TO RADICAL 9=MATION & ANALYSIS ) SYLLOGISM1 MORALISM1 & POLEMICS4 ,!Y WILL BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO PUNDITS >GU+ CONV5TIONAL WISDOMS ) FAMILI> SLOGANS ?AN TO PEOPLE PRES5T+ *ALL5G+ FACTS & ANALYSIS4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS1 ACTIVI/S TAK+ AN $UCATIONAL APPROA* T5D TO DUMB D[N ! MESSAGE SO ?AT !Y TOO CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! P[] ( CLI*ES & PLATITUDES4 ,EXAMPLES 9CLUDE ANTI-W> ACTIVI/S :O DECL>E ?AT 0PEACE IS PATRIOTIC0 BECAUSE IT W\LD BE TOO DIFFICULT TO EXPLA9 ! PROBLEMS ) PATRIOTISM 9 ! CURR5T SEMIOLOGICAL T]RA9 7NEV] M9D DYNAMIT+ ! T]RA97 & CULTURE JAMM]S TRY+ TO F9D RADICAL 0MEMES40.<#a#e#i.> ,A ?IRD B>RI] IS A FALSE ASSUMPTION AB\T ! POT5CY ( IDEAS4 ,! $UCATION APPROA* SEEMS TO ASSUME ?AT REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE IS A CONTE/ ( IDEAS1 ?AT !RE IS SOME?+ P[]FUL 9 AN IDEA :OSE TIME HAS COME4 ,AT ITS BASE IT IS A MORALITY PLAY1 & IT IGNORES ! FACT ?AT1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,U,S1 A GOOD MANY PEOPLE ON ! SIDE ( AU?ORITY KN[ QUITE WELL :AT !Y >E DO+4 ,BECAUSE ( ! HYPOCRISY ( \R TIMES1 PEOPLE :O B5EFIT FROM PATRI>*Y1 :ITE SUPREMACY1 CAPITALISM1 OR IMP]IALISM 7NE>LY ! 5TIRE POPULATION ( ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?7 LIKE TO JU/IFY !IR COMPLICITY ) SY/EMS ( DOM9ATION & OPPRESSION ) ANY NUMB] ( ALTRUI/IC LIES4 ,BUT A SKILL$ DEBAT] WILL F9D ?AT A MAJORITY ( !SE PEOPLE1 :5 >GU$ 9TO A CORN]1 WILL NOT HAVE AN EPIPHANY -- !Y WILL LA% BACK ) A PRIMAL DEF5SE ( ! EVILS ?AT PRIVILEGE !M4 ,TYPICALLY1 :ITE PEOPLE WILL CLAIM CR$IT = ! WOND]S ( CIVILIZATION & 9SI/ ?AT !IR +5UITY 5TITLES !M TO ! B5EFITS ( LEGACIES ( SLAV]Y & G5OCIDE2 WEAL?Y PEOPLE WILL CLAIM ?AT !Y HAVE MORE RIANTE$ RIE DO+ & :AT !IR 9T]E/S >E4 ,9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS WILL EM]GE AS ! /RUGGLE GETS CLOS] TO HOME1 *ALL5G+ ! PRIVILEGES ON :I* !IR WORLDVIEW & LIFE EXP]I5CES >E BAS$ & ?REAT5+ ! POSSIBILITY ( A COM=TABLE1 5LIILY MAKE PEOPLE SUPPORT REVOLUTION1 &1 EV5 IF IT DOES1 IT WILL NOT BUILD P[]4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! MAXIM ( ! 9=MATION AGE1 9=MATION IS NOT P[]4 ,REMEMB] ?AT ,SCI5TIA E/ POT5TIA 7KN[L$GE IS P[]7 IS ! WAT* PHRASE ( ?OSE ALREADY AT ! HELM ( ! /ATE4 ,9=MATION ITSELF IS 9]T1 BUT IT GUIDES ! EFFECTIVE USE ( P[]2 IT HAS :AT MILIT>Y /RATEGI/S W\LD CALL A 0=CE-MULTIPLY+ EFFECT40 ,IF WE HAVE A SOCIAL MOVEM5T ) Z]O =CE TO BEG9 )1 WE CAN MULTIPLY ?AT =CE H[EV] MANY TIMES WE WI% & /ILL HAVE A BIG1 FAT Z]O4 ,GOOD $UCATION CAN GUIDE ! EF=TS ( AN EMP[]$ SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 JU/ AS USEFUL 9=MATION GUIDES ! /RATEGIES ( GOV]NM5TS1 BUT ! 9=MATION ITSELF WILL NOT *ANGE ANY?+4 ,IDLY CIRCULAT+ SUBV]SIVE 9=MATION 9 ! CURR5T CONTEXT ONLY GIVES ! GOV]NM5T MORE OPPORTUNITIES TO F9E-TUNE ITS PROPAG&A & ITS RUL+ /RATEGIES4 ,PEOPLE TRY+ TO $UCATE !IR WAY TO REVOLUTION >E TOSS+ GASOL9E ONTO A PRAIRIE FIRE & EXPECT+ ?AT ! RIE NECESS>Y = BUILD+ A MILITANT MOVEM5T & = *ANG+ ! HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL VALUES ?AT CURR5TLY /& 9 ! WAY ( A FREE1 COOP]ATIVE WORLD4 ,MILITANT MOVEM5TS HAVE TO CONDUCT A GREAT DEAL ( $UCATION TO EXPLA9 :Y !Y >E =CEFULLY /RUGGL+ = REVOLUTION & :Y !Y HAVE GIV5 UP ON LEGAL MEANS4 ,BUT MILITANT TACTICS OP5 UP POSSIBILITIES = $UCATION ?AT NONVIOL5CE CAN NEV] TAP4 ,BECAUSE ( ITS IMP]ATIVE PR9CIPLES1 CORPORATE M$IA CANNOT IGNORE A BOMB+ AS EASILY AS IT CAN IGNORE A PEACEFUL PROTE/4.<#a#f.> ,& EV5 ?\< ! M$IA WILL SL&] SU* ACTIONS1 ! MORE IMAGES ( =CEFUL RESI/ANCE PEOPLE RECEIVE ?R\< ! M$IA1 ! MORE ! N>COTIC ILLUSION ( SOCIAL PEACE IS DISRUPT$4 ,PEOPLE WILL BEG9 TO SEE ?AT ! SY/EM IS UN/ABLE & *ANGE IS ACTUALLY POSSIBLE1 &1 ?US1 OV]COME ! GREATE/ OB/ACLE TO *ANGE CREAT$ BY CAPITALI/1 M$IA-DRIV5 DEMOCRACIES4 ,RIOTS & 9SURRECTIONS >E EV5 MORE SUCCESSFUL AT CREAT+ RUPTURES 9 ?IS DOM9ANT N>RATIVE ( TRANQUILITY4 ,( C\RSE1 MU* MORE ?AN ?IS IS NE$$ TO $UCATE PEOPLE4 ,9 ! 5D1 WE MU/ DE/ROY ! CORPORATE M$IA & REPLACE IT ) AN 5TIRELY GRASSROOTS M$IA4 ,PEOPLE :O USE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS CAN BE MU* MORE EFFECTIVE AT ?IS1 EMPLOY+ A NUMB] ( 9NOVATIVE MEANS TO SABOTAGE CORPORATE NEWSPAP]S & RADIO & TELEVISION /ATIONS2 HIJACK CORPORATE M$IA \TLETS & DELIV] AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ BROADCA/2 DEF5D GRASSROOTS M$IA \TLETS & PUNI% ! AG5CIES RESPONSIBLE = REPRESS+ !M2 OR EXPROPRIATE MONEY TO FUND & GREATLY 9CREASE ! CAPACITIES ( GRASSROOTS M$IA \TLETS4.<#a#f#a.>7 ,MA9TA9+ ! MORAL HI< GR\ND1 :I* IS A MORE OV]TLY MORALI/IC V>IATION ON ?IS TYPE ( /RATEGY1 HAS A SLIE :ITE SUPREMACI/1 *AUV9I/IC1 CAPITALI/ POLITICIANS4 ,ACTIVI/S CAN USE PROTE/S1 VIGILS1 & V>I\S =MS ( D5UNCIATION & SELF-SACRIFICE TO EXPOSE ! IMMORALITY ( GOV]NM5T1 EI!R 9 P>TICUL> OR 9 G5]AL1 & SET !MSELVES UP AS A RIES0 ANTI-W> ACTIVI/S (T5 USE ?IS APPROA*4 ,AS A TYPE ( /RATEGY = SOCIAL *ANGE1 OCCUPY+ ! MORAL HI< GR\ND IS WEAK5$ BY ! CRITICAL PROBLEM ( OBSCURITY1 :I* IS DIFFICULT TO OV]COME GIV5 ! SAME CORPORATE-M$IA B>RI] DISCUSS$ ABOVE4 ,&1 9 M$IA-DRIV5 DEMOCRACIES1 :I* TURN ! GREAT] P>T ( POLITICS 9TO A POPUL>ITY CONTE/1 PEOPLE >E UNLIKELY TO SEE A M9USCULE1 OBSCURE GR\P AS EI!R MORAL OR IMITABLE4 ,H[EV]1 ! MORAL-HI<-GR\ND APPROA* SIDE/EPS ! *ALL5GE ( $UCAT+ A MIS$UCAT$ POPULATION BY RELY+ ON EXTANT MORAL VALUES & SIMPLIFY+ REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE TO ! ZEAL\S PURSUIT ( A FEW PR9CIPLES4 ,A GR\P ?AT FOCUSES ON OCCUPY+ ! MORAL HI< GR\ND ALSO ATTRACTS POT5TIAL RECRUITS ) SOME?+ ! CORPORATE M$IA CANNOT (F] -- AN EXI/5TIAL CL>ITY & A S5SE ( BELONG+4 ,PL[%>ES PACIFI/S & ANTI-W> HUNG] /RIK]S >E (T5 LIFELONG MEMB]S4 ,H[EV]1 ! CORPORATE M$IA IS NOT ! ONLY 9/ITUTION = MANUFACTUR+ SOCIAL CON=MITY4 ,*UR*ES1 ,ELKS LODGES1 & ,BOY ,SC\T TROOPS ALL OCCUPY ?IS NI*E AS WELL1 &1 GIV5 ! EMPHASIS ?AT MORALLY ELEVAT$ GR\PS PLACE ON SURR5D]+ TO 9-GR\P CULTURE & VALUES1 !RE IS LITTLE CRITICAL DISC\RSE OR EVALUATION ( ! MORALITIES 9VOLV$2 ?US1 HAV+ A MORALITY ?AT IS MORE REALI/IC OR FAIR CONF]S LITTLE ACTUAL ADVANTAGE4 ,:AT MATT]S MORE IS ! ELEVATION ( A P>TICUL> HI< GR\ND1 & !SE MA9/REAM MORAL 9/ITUTIONS >E F> /RONG] ?AN PACIFI/ GR\PS 9 T]MS ( ACCESS TO RES\RCES -- 9 O!R WORDS1 !Y >E HI<] UP & MORE VISIBLE 9 SOCIETY1 SO !Y WILL OV]:ELM+LY W9 ! COMPETITION = NEW RECRUITS4 ,DUE TO ! ATOMIZATION & ALI5ATION ( MOD]N LIFE1 !RE >E MANY GAPS LEFT UNFILL$ BY !SE MORAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & MANY LONELY SUBURBANITES /ILL GRASP+ = A S5SE ( BELONG+1 BUT RADICAL PACIFI/S WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO W9 MORE ?AN A M9ORITY ( !SE4 ,?OSE !Y DO W9 WILL BE MORE EMP[]$ ?AN ! MEMB]S ( A MOVEM5T ?AT AIMS SIMPLY TO $UCATE4 ,PEOPLE WILL GO TO GREAT L5G?S TO FIIANISM & OR?ODOXY1 & IT WILL BE P>TICUL>LY PRONE TO FACTIONALISM4 ,IT WILL ALSO BE EASILY MANIPULAT$4 ,!RE IS P]HAPS NO BETT] EXAMPLE ?AN ,*RI/IANITY1 :I* EVOLV$ FROM OPPOSITION MOVEM5T TO POT5T WEAPON ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 FROM PACIFI/IC CULT TO ! MO/ PA?OLOGICALLY VIOL5T & AU?ORIT>IAN RELIGION HUMANITY HAS EV] CONCEIV$4 ,9 BO? V>IATIONS ( ! MORALITY-PLAY APPROA* TO PACIFI/ /RATEGY1 ! PURPOSE IS TO 9DUCE ! MAJORITY ( A SOCIETY 9TO JO9+ OR SUPPORT+ A MOVEM5T4 7,WE CAN LEAVE ASIDE ! LAUIATIONS FACE T]M9AL ODDS 9 PURSUIT ( ?AT MAJORITY DUE TO ! EFFECTIVE /RUCTURAL CONTROLS OV] CULTURE )9 MOD]N SOCIETIES4 ,9 ! UNLIKELY *ANCE ?AT !SE ODDS W]E OV]COME1 NEI!R V>IATION W\LD BE FUNCTIONALLY CAPABLE ( W9N+ OV] MORE ?AN A MAJORITY4 ,EV5 IF $UCATION W]E TO BECOME A MORE EFFECTIVE TOOL ) PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE IT WILL NOT WORK AGA9/ ! ELITE & ! 5=C+ CLASS1 :O >E GIV5 /RONG 9C5TIVES & >E CULTURALLY B\ND TO ! SY/EM1 & OCCUPY+ ! MORAL HI< GR\ND NECESS>ILY 5TAILS ! CREATION ( AN 9F]IOR 0O!R0 TO OPPOSE4 ,AT ! ABSOLUTE BE/1 /RATEGIES ( ?IS TYPE WILL LEAD TO AN OPPOSITIONAL BUT PASSIVE MAJORITY1 :I* HI/ORY HAS %[N IS EASY = AN >M$ M9ORITY TO CONTROL 7COLONIALISM1 = EXAMPLE74 ,SU* A MAJORITY C\LD ALWAYS SWIT* TO SOME O!R TYPE ( /RATEGY ?AT 9VOLVES FIITY ) REAL RESI/ANCE1 ! TRANSITION W\LD BE DIFFICULT4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! GOV]NM5T W\LD HAVE REC\RSE TO EASILY EXPLOITABLE FLAWS +RA9$ 9 ! MORALITY-PLAY /RATEGY1 & AN O/5SIBLY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE CON/RA9$ ITSELF TO A HORRIBLY MISMAT*$ BATTLE1 TRY+ TO W9 HE>TS & M9DS )\T DE/ROY+ ! /RUCTURES ?AT HAVE POISON$ ?OSE HE>TS & M9DS4 ,$UCAT+ & BUILD+ A LIB]AT+ E?OS >E NECESS>Y TO FULLY ROOT \T HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATION%IPS1 BUT !RE >E CONCRETE 9/ITUTIONS SU* AS LAW C\RTS1 PUBLIC S*OOLS1 BOOT CAMPS1 & PUBLIC RELATIONS FIRMS ?AT >E /RUCTURALLY IMMUNE TO 0*ANGES ( HE>T0 & ?AT AUTOMATICALLY 9T]V5E 9 SOCIETY TO 9DOCTR9ATE PEOPLE 9 ! MORALS ?AT UPHOLD HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATION%IPS & CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,D5Y+ \RSELVES NON-PACIFI/ MEANS TO /R5G!N ! MOVEM5T & WEAK5 OR SABOTAGE !SE /RUCTURES LEAVES US 9 A S9K+ BOAT1 ) A LITTLE BUCKET TO BAIL\T ! WAT] P\R+ 9 ?R\< A T5FOOT-WIDE HOLE1 PRET5D+ WE'LL SOON BE HI< 5\< 9 ! WAT] TO SET SAIL T[>D \R GOAL4 ,?IS SEEMS LIKE WAIT+ = PIE 9 ! SKY1 & IT REALLY %\LD NOT QUALIFY AS A /RATEGY4 ,9 A %ORT-T]M BATTLE TO PREV5T A NEW COAL M9E OR WA/E 9C9]ATOR FROM COM+ 9TO ! NEIM PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE 9 ! >EA74 ,BUT 9 PURSUIT ( ANY LA/+ *ANGES1 /RATEGIES ( ?IS TYPE USUALLY CAN'T EV5 SUCCESSFULLY LEAD TO ! DEAD 5D !Y 9EVITABLY CREATE4 ,W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>IES EXEMPLIFY ! 9EFFECTIV5ESS ( NONVIOL5CE 9 BUILD+ P[] :5 !Y APPROA* !IR /RUGGLE AS A MORALITY PLAY1 & ALSO :5 !Y TAKE ! LOBBY+ APPROA*4 ,LOBBIES W]E BUILT 9TO ! POLITICAL PROCESS BY 9/ITUTIONS ?AT ALREADY HAD SIGNIFICANT P[] 7= EXAMPLE1 CORPORATIONS74 ,ACTIVI/S CAN BUILD P[] BY HOLD+ PROTE/S & DEMON/RAT+ ! EXI/5CE ( A CON/ITU5CY 7ON :I* !IR LOBBYI/S BANK71 BUT ?IS ME?OD = FUNNEL+ P[] TO LOBBIES IS MU* WEAK]1 P\ND = P\ND1 ?AN ! COLD1 H>D CA% ( CORPORATIONS4 ,?US1 0REVOLUTION>Y0 LOBBIES >E IMPOT5T COMP>$ TO OPPOS+ LOBBIES ( ! /ATUS QUO4 ,LOBBY+ ALSO LEADS TO A HI]>*ICAL & DISEMP[]$ MOVEM5T4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY >E SIMPLY %EEP :O SIGN PETITIONS1 RAISE FUNDS1 OR HOLD PROTE/ SIGNS1 :ILE AN $UCAT$1 WELL-DRESS$ M9ORITY :O SEEK AUDI5CE ) POLITICIANS & O!R ELITES HOLD ALL ! P[]4 ,LOBBYI/S WILL EV5TUALLY ID5TIFY MORE ) ! AU?ORITIES ?AN ) !IR CON/ITU5TS -- C\RT+ P[]1 !Y FALL 9 LOVE ) IT1 & BETRAYAL BECOMES LIKELY4 ,IF POLITICIANS RUN UP AGA9/ A MORALLY UPRIE MO/ SUCCESSFUL :5 !Y >E WILL+ TO COMPROMISE !IR CON/ITU5CY 7REPRES5TATIVE POLITICS 9 A DEMOCRACY BE+ ! >T ( SELL+ \T A CON/ITU5CY :ILE MA9TA9+ ITS LOYALTY74 ,SOME GR\PS ATTEMPT+ TO PRESSURE ! AU?ORITIES DO NOT APPO9T ANY SPECIALIZ$ LOBBYI/S1 & ?US AVOID DEVELOP+ AN ELITE LEAD]%IP ?AT WILL BE CO-OPT$ BY ! SY/EM2 H[EV]1 !Y HAVE /ILL PUT !MSELVES 9 ! POSITION ( MOBILIZ+ PRESSURE TO GET ! SY/EM TO *ANGE ITSELF4 ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S US+ ! LOBBY+ /RATEGY ATTEMPT TO CRAFT A PASSIVE REALPOLITIK TO EX]CISE LEV]AGE4 ,BUT ! ONLY WAY TO USE LEV]AGE AGA9/ ! /ATE 9 PURSUIT ( 9T]E/S DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ?OSE ( ! /ATE IS TO ?REAT5 ! /ATE'S EXI/5CE4 ,ONLY SU* A ?REAT CAN MAKE ! /ATE RECONSID] ITS O!R 9T]E/S1 BECAUSE ! /ATE'S PRIM>Y 9T]E/ IS SELF-P]PETUATION4 ,9 HIS 9T]PRETIVE HI/ORY ( ! ,MEXICAN REVOLUTION & L& R$I/RIBUTION1 ,JOHN ,TUT9O PO9TS \T1 0,BUT ONLY ! MO/ P]SI/5T & (T5 VIOL5T REBELS1 LIKE ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 RECEIV$ L& FROM ! NEW LEAD]S ( ,MEXICO4 ,! LESSON WAS CLE>3 ONLY ?OSE :O ?REAT5$ ! REGIME GOT L&2 ?US ?OSE SEEK+ L& MU/ ?REAT5 ! REGIME40.<#a#f#b.> ,?IS WAS FROM A GOV]NM5T SUPPOS$LY ALLI$ ) ,MEXICO'S AGR>IAN REVOLUTION>IES -- :AT DO PACIFI/S ?9K !Y'LL GET FROM GOV]NM5TS :OSE FAVOR$ CON/ITU5CY IS AV[$LY ! CORPORATE OLIG>*S8 ,FRANTZ ,FANON EXPRESS$ ! SAME S5TIM5T 9 A SIMIL> WAY ) REG>D TO ,ALG]IA3 ,:5 9 #a#i#e#f444! ,FRONT DE ,LIB]ATION ,NATIONALE1 9 A FAM\S LEAFLET1 /AT$ ?AT COLONIALISM ONLY LOOS5S ITS HOLD :5 ! KNIFE IS AT ITS ?ROAT1 NO ,ALG]IAN REALLY F\ND !SE T]MS TOO VIOL5T4 ,! LEAFLET ONLY EXPRESS$ :AT EV]Y ,ALG]IAN FELT AT HE>T3 COLONIALISM IS NOT A ?9K+ MA*9E1 NOR A BODY 5D[$ ) REASON+ FACULTIES4 ,IT IS VIOL5CE 9 ITS NATURAL /ATE1 & IT WILL ONLY YIELD :5 CONFRONT$ ) GREAT] VIOL5CE4.<#a#f#c.> ,! LESSONS ( ,ALG]IA & ! ,MEXICAN REVOLUTION APPLY ?R\<\T HI/ORY4 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ AU?ORITY WILL BE VIOL5T1 BECAUSE AU?ORITY ITSELF IS VIOL5T & ! 9EVITABLE REPRESSION IS AN ESCALATION ( ?AT VIOL5CE4 ,EV5 0GOOD GOV]NM5T0 WILL NOT R$I/RIBUTE P[] D[NW>D UNLESS IT IS ?REAT5$ ) ! LOSS ( ALL ITS P[]4 ,LOBBY+ = SOCIAL *ANGE IS A WA/E ( SC>CE RES\RCES = RADICAL MOVEM5TS4 ,IMAG9E IF ALL ! MILLIONS ( DOLL>S & HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( VOLUNTE] H\RS FROM PROGRESSIVES & EV5 RADICALS ?AT W5T TO LOBBY = SOME PIECE ( LEGISLATION OR TO DEFEAT ! REELECTION ( SOME POLITICIAN 9/EAD W5T 9TO FUND+ ACTIVI/ SOCIAL C5T]S1 FREE CL9ICS1 PRISON]-SUPPORT GR\PS1 COMMUNITY CONFLICT-RESOLUTION C5T]S1 & FREE S*OOLS8 ,WE MIY MOVEM5T4 ,9/EAD1 A HUGE AM\NT ( EF=T IS WA/$4 ,FUR!R1 ACTIVI/S US+ ! LOBBY+ APPROA* FAIL TO SEE ?AT MAK+ DEM&S TO AU?ORITY IS BAD /RATEGY4 ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S PUT ALL !IR 5]GY 9TO =C+ AU?ORITIES TO HE> !IR DEM&S :5 !Y C\LD USE ?IS 5]GY TO BUILD P[]1 TO BUILD A BASE FROM :I* TO WAGE W>4 ,IF !Y >E SUCCESSFUL1 :AT WILL !Y HAVE ACCOMPLI%$8 ,AT MO/1 ! GOV]NM5T WILL MUTT] A BRIEF APOLOGY1 LOSE A LITTLE FACE1 & MEET ! DEM& ON PAP] 7?\<1 9 REALITY1 !Y'LL JU/ JUGGLE ?+S >\ND TO OBSCURE ! PROBLEM74 ,AFT] ?IS1 ! ACTIVI/S WILL LOSE !IR MOM5TUM & 9ITIATIVE4 ,!Y WILL HAVE TO GO ON ! DEF5SIVE1 *ANGE DIRECTIONS1 & READJU/ !IR CAMPAIGN TO PO9T \T ?AT ! RE=M IS A FRAUDUL5T ONE4 ,!IR ORGANIZATION'S DISILLUSION$ MEMB]S WILL DROP \T1 & ! G5]AL PUBLIC WILL P]CEIVE ! ORGANIZATION AS :9Y & IMPOSSIBLE TO SATISFY4 7,NO WOND] SO MANY LOBBY-ORI5T$ ACTIVI/ ORGANIZATIONS CLAIM VICTORY AT ! MO/ HOLL[ ( COMPROMISES67 ,CONSID]1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS ,WAT* 7,S,O,A,W74 ,= MORE ?AN A DOZ5 YE>S1 ! ORGANIZATION US$ ANNUAL PASSIVE PROTE/S1 DOCUM5T>IES1 & $UCATION CAMPAIGNS TO BUILD LOBBY+ P[] TO CONV9CE POLITICIANS TO SUPPORT A BILL TO CLOSE ! ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS 7,S,O,A71 AN ,>MY S*OOL ?AT TRA9$ T5S ( ?\S&S ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN (FIC]S & SOLDI]S :O W]E COMPLICIT 9 MO/ ( ! WOR/ HUMAN-RIS AFT]W>DS1 ,S,O,A,W C\LD NOT REGA9 ! SUPPORT ( MANY ( ! POLITICIANS1 :O CLAIM$ !Y WANT$ TO WAIT & SEE IF ! 0NEW0 S*OOL WAS AN IMPROVEM5T4 ,IF ,S,O,A,W EV] DOES SUCCE$ 9 CLOS+ ! S*OOL BY :ATEV] NAME IT CALLS ITSELF1 ! MILIT>Y CAN SIMPLY SPREAD \T ITS TORTURE-TRA9+ OP]ATIONS TO O!R MILIT>Y BASES & PROGRAMS ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 OR %IFT MO/ ( ?AT WORK TO MILIT>Y ADVIS]S ABROAD4 ,IF ?AT HAPP5S1 ,S,O,A,W WILL BE CAUISM4.<#a#f#d.> ,:5 HAS ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T EV] LET A LAW OR TREATY /OP IT FROM DO+ :AT IT WANT$ TO DO8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IF RADICALS %IFT$ !IR APPROA* TO DIRECTLY FIISM1 & IF !Y C\LD CON/ITUTE A REAL ?REAT )\T EV] APPROA*+ A NEGOTIAT+ TABLE1 FRILY EV]Y O!R MAJOR RE=M WAS WON 9 ?IS MANN]4 ,RADICALS NE$ NEV] BOX !MSELVES 9 OR 5SURE BETRAYAL BY /&+ 9 A LOBBY OR SITT+ D[N AT ! NEGOTIAT+ TABLE4 ,BY REFUS+ TO BE PLACAT$1 REVOLUTION>IES DRIVE A H>D] B>GA9 ?AN ?OSE :OSE AIM IS TO B>GA94 ,EV5 :5 !Y LOSE1 MILITANT MOVEM5TS T5D TO CAUSE RE=MS4 ,! ,R$ ,BRIGADES 9 ,ITALY W]E ULTIMATELY UNSUCCESSFUL1 BUT !Y M\NT$ SU* A ?REAT ?AT ! ,ITALIAN /ATE 9/ITUT$ A NUMB] ( F>-REA*+ SOCIAL-WELF>E & CULTURALLY PROGRESSIVE MEASURES 7= EXAMPLE1 EXP&+ PUBLIC $UCATION & SOCIAL SP5D+1 DEC5TRALIZ+ SOME GOV]NM5T FUNCTIONS1 BR++ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9TO ! GOV]NM5T1 & LEGALIZ+ BIR? CONTROL & ABORTION7 9 AN EF=T TO DRA9 SUPPORT FROM ! MILITANTS' BASE ?R\< RE=MISM4.<#a#f#e.> ,! ALT]NATIVE-BUILD+ APPROA* EMPLOYS ONE IMPORTANT COMPON5T ( A REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY BUT UND]E/IMATES ALL ! COMPLEM5T>Y COMPON5TS ?AT >E NECESS>Y = SUCCESS4 ,! IDEA IS ?AT BY CREAT+ ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS1 WE CAN PROVIDE = AN AUTONOM\S SOCIETY & DEMON/RATE ?AT CAPITALISM & ! /ATE >E UNDESIRABLE4.<#a#f#f.> ,9 ACTUALITY1 :ILE BUILD+ !SE ALT]NATIVES IS ( ! UTMO/ IMPORTANCE 9 CREAT+ & SU/A9+ A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T & LAY+ ! GR\NDWORK = ! LIB]AT$ SOCIETIES ?AT WILL COME AFT] REVOLUTION1 IT IS ABSOLUTELY ABSURD TO ?9K ?AT ! GOV]NM5T WILL SIT BACK & LET US BUILD SCI5CE FAIR EXP]IM5TS ?AT WILL PROVE ITS OBSOLESC5CE4 ,EV5TS 9 ,>G5T9A SURR\ND+ ! #ba ECONOMIC COLLAPSE 7= EXAMPLE1 ! FACTORY TAKEOV]S7 HAVE GREATLY 9SPIR$ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS4 ,NONVIOL5T AN>*I/S 7MANY ( :OM >E ACADEMICS7 :O FAVOR ! /RATEGY ( PEACEFULLY CREAT+ ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS USE A WAT]$-D[N 9T]PRETATION ( EV5TS 9 ,>G5T9A TO 9JECT SOME LIFE 9TO !IR O!RWISE LIMP /RATEGY4 ,BUT ! OCCUPI$ FACTORIES 9 ,>G5T9A HAVE SURVIV$ BY ONE ( TWO MEANS3 EI!R BECOM+ LEGALLY RECOGNIZ$ & RECUP]AT$ 9TO A CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 SIMPLY A MORE P>TICIPATORY =M ( CORPORATION2 OR PUTT+ 9 !IR TIME AT ! B>RICADES -- FI A SPREAD+ ( ! CONFLICT IF !Y ESCALATE !IR TACTICS4 ,& ! FACTORY MOVEM5T IS ON ! DEF5SIVE4 ,ITS PRACTICE & !ORY >E 9 CONFLICT BECAUSE1 9 G5]AL1 IT IS NOT HEAD$ T[>D A GOAL ( REPLAC+ CAPITALISM BY SPREAD+ WORK] CONTROLL$ ALT]NATIVES4 ,! RADICAL WORK]S' MAJOR WEAKNESS HAS BE5 AN 9ABILITY TO EXP& !IR MOVEM5T BY ! EXPROPRIATION ( FACTORIES :]E ! MANAG]S >E /ILL 9 *>GE4.<#a#f#g.> ,SU* A C\RSE W\LD PUT !M 9 GREAT] CONFLICT ) ! /ATE ?AN !Y >E CURR5TLY READY =4 ,TO BE SURE1 !Y >E PROVID+ AN IMPORTANT & 9SPIR+ EXAMPLE1 BUT AS LONG AS !Y >E ONLY ABLE TO TAKE OV] FACTORIES ?AT HAVE ALREADY BE5 AB&ON$1 !Y HAVE NOT CREAT$ A MODEL = ACTUALLY REPLAC+ CAPITALISM4 ,AT ! #bd ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,CONV]G5CE1 KEYNOTE SPEAK] ,H[>D ,EHRLI* ADVIS$ TODAY'S AN>*I/S TO ACT AS ?\< ! REVOLUTION W]E ALREADY H]E & TO BUILD ! WORLD WE WANT TO SEE4 ,LEAV+ ASIDE ! MEAN+LESSNESS ( ?IS ADVICE = PEOPLE 9 PRISON1 9DIG5\S PEOPLE FAC$ ) G5OCIDE1 ,IRAQIS TRY+ TO SURVIVE UND] OCCUPATION1 ,AFRICANS DY+ ( DI>RHEA SIMPLY BECAUSE !Y >E DEPRIV$ ( CLEAN WAT]1 & A MAJORITY ( ! WORLD'S O!R PEOPLE1 HIS /ATEM5T MAKES ME WOND] H[ ,EHRLI* C\LD MISS ! L5G?Y HI/ORY ( GOV]NM5T REPRESSION ( AUTONOM\S SPACES 9 S]VICE ( REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,9 ,H>RISONBURG1 ,VIRG9IA1 WE SET UP AN AN>*I/ COMMUNITY C5T]1 ALL[$ HOMELESS PEOPLE TO SLEEP !RE ?R\< ! W9T]1 & PROVID$ FREE FOOD & CLO!S \T ( ?AT SPACE4 ,)9 SIX MON?S ! COPS %UT US D[N US+ A CREATIVE >RAY ( ZON+ LAWS & BUILD+ CODES4.<#a#f#h.> ,9 ! #a#i#fS1 ! POLICE TOOK AN ACTIVE 9T]E/ 9 SABOTAG+ ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R PROGRAM ?AT PROVID$ FREE BREAKFA/ TO *ILDR54 ,H[ EXACTLY >E WE SUPPOS$ TO BUILD ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS IF WE >E P[]LESS TO PROTECT !M FROM REPRESSION8 ,H[ WILL WE F9D L& ON :I* TO BUILD ALT]NATIVE /RUCTURES :5 EV]Y?+ 9 ?IS SOCIETY HAS AN [N]8 ,& H[ CAN WE =GET ?AT CAPITALISM IS NOT TIMELESS1 ?AT ONCE EV]Y?+ WAS AN 0ALT]NATIVE10 & ?AT ! CURR5T P>ADIGM DEVELOP$ & EXP&$ PRECISELY \T ( ITS ABILITY TO CONQU] & CONSUME ?OSE ALT]NATIVES8 ,EHRLI* IS RIT BUILD+ ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS N[1 BUT WRONG TO DE-EMPHASIZE ! IMPORTANT WORK ( DE/ROY+ EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS & DEF5D+ \RSELVES & \R AUTONOM\S SPACES 9 ! PROCESS4 ,EV5 :5 MIX$ ) MORE AGGRESSIVE NONVIOL5T ME?ODS1 A /RATEGY BAS$ ON BUILD+ ALT]NATIVES ?AT CON/RA9S ITSELF TO PACIFISM WILL NEV] BE /RONG 5\< TO RESI/ ! ZEAL\S VIOL5CE ?AT CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES EMPLOY :5 !Y CONQU] & ABSORB AUTONOM\S SOCIETIES4 ,F9ALLY1 WE HAVE ! NONVIOL5T /RATEGIC APPROA* ( G5]ALIZ$ DISOB$I5CE4 ,?IS T5DS TO BE ! MO/ P]MISSIVE ( NONVIOL5T /RATEGIES1 (T5 CONDON+ PROP]TY DE/RUCTION & SYMBOLIC PHYSICAL RESI/ANCE1 AL?\< DISCIPL9$ NONVIOL5T CAMPAIGNS ( NONVIOL5CE & DISOB$I5CE ALSO FALL )9 ?IS TYPE4 ,! REC5T FILM ,! ,F\R? ,WORLD ,W>.<#a#f#i.> IS AT ! MILITANT $GE ( ?IS CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION1 HIM$ /RUGGLE1 PROBABLY = ! COM=T ( ,U,S AUDI5CES4 ,DISOB$I5CE /RATEGIES SEEK TO %UT ! SY/EM D[N ?R\< /RIKES1 BLOCKADES1 BOYCOTTS1 & O!R =MS ( DISOB$I5CE & REFUSAL4 ,:ILE MANY ( !SE TACTICS >E EXTREMELY USEFUL :5 BUILD+ T[>D A REAL REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE1 ! /RATEGY ITSELF HAS A NUMB] ( GAP+ HOLES4 ,?IS TYPE ( /RATEGY CAN ONLY CREATE PRESSURE & LEV]AGE2 IT CAN NEV] SUCCE$ 9 DE/ROY+ P[] OR DELIV]+ CONTROL ( SOCIETY TO ! PEOPLE4 ,:5 A POPULATION 5GAGES 9 G5]ALIZ$ DISOB$I5CE1 ! P[]FUL FACE A CRISIS4 ,! ILLUSION ( DEMOCRACY IS NOT WORK+3 ?IS IS A CRISIS4 ,HIGE SURPLUS2 !Y >E NOT 9 DANG] ( BE+ />V$ \T BY ! /RIKE4 ,!Y CONTROL ALL ! CAPITAL 9 ! C\NTRY1 ?\< SOME ( ?IS HAS BE5 DISABL$ BY OCCUPATIONS & BLOCKADES4 ,MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 !Y /ILL HAVE CONTROL ( ! MILIT>Y & POLICE 7ELITES HAVE LE>N$ MU* MORE AB\T RETA9+ ! LOYALTY ( ! MILIT>Y S9CE ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 &1 9 REC5T DECADES1 ! ONLY SIGNIFICANT MILIT>Y DEFECTIONS HAVE OCCURR$ :5 ! MILIT>Y FAC$ VIOL5T RESI/ANCE & ! GOV]NM5T SEEM$ TO BE 9 ITS DEA? ?ROES2 ! POLICE1 = !IR P>T1 HAVE ALWAYS BE5 LOYAL LACKEYS74 ,BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS1 BUS9ESS LEAD]S1 GOV]NM5T LEAD]S1 & MILIT>Y LEAD]S CONF]4 ,P]HAPS !Y HAVE NOT 9VIT$ C]TA9 %AM$ MEMB]S ( ! ELITE2 P]HAPS MULTIPLE FACTIONS >E S*EM+ TO COME \T ( ?IS CRISIS ON TOP4 ,!Y CAN USE ! MILIT>Y TO BREAK ?R\< ANY NONVIOL5T B>RICADE1 RETAKE ANY OCCUPI$ FACTORY1 & SEIZE ! PRODUCT ( !IR LABOR IF ! REBELS TRY TO CONDUCT AN AUTONOM\S ECONOMY4 ,ULTIMATELY1 ! P[]FUL CAN >RE/1 TORTURE1 & KILL ALL ! ORGANIZ]S2 DRIVE ! MOVEM5T UND]GR\ND2 & RE/ORE ORD] 9 ! /REETS4 ,A REBELLI\S POPULATION ?AT IS CONDUCT+ SIT-9S OR ?R[+ ROCKS CANNOT /& UP TO A MILIT>Y ?AT HAS BE5 GIV5 FREE REIGN TO USE ALL ! WEAPONS 9 ITS >S5AL4 ,BUT BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS1 ! C\NTRY'S LEAD]S AGREE ?AT SU* ME?ODS >E NOT PREF]ABLE2 !Y >E A LA/ RESORT4 ,US+ !M W\LD DE/ROY ! ILLUSION ( DEMOCRACY = YE>S1 & IT W\LD SC>E AWAY 9VE/ORS & HURT ! ECONOMY4 ,SO !Y W9 BY LETT+ ! REBELS DECL>E VICTORY3 UND] PRESSURE FROM BUS9ESS & MILIT>Y LEAD]S1 ! PRESID5T & A FEW O!R ELECT$ POLITICIANS /EP D[N 7OR1 BETT] YET1 FLEE 9 A HELICOPT]72 ! CORPORATE M$IA CALL IT A REVOLUTION & BEG9 TRUMPET+ ! POPULI/ CR$5TIALS ( ! REPLACEM5T PRESID5T 7:O HAS BE5 PICK$ BY ! BUS9ESS & MILIT>Y LEAD]S72 & ACTIVI/S 9 ! POPUL> MOVEM5T1 IF !Y HAVE CON/RA9$ !MSELVES TO NONVIOL5CE RA!R ?AN PREP>+ = ! 9EVITABLE ESCALATION ( TACTICS1 LOSE JU/ :5 !Y >E F9ALLY AT ! ?RE%OLD ( REVOLUTION4 ,9 ITS LONG HI/ORY1 ?IS /RATEGY TYPE HAS NOT SUCCE$$ 9 CAUS+ ! CLASS ( [N]S1 MANAG]S1 & 5=C]S TO DEFECT & BE DISOB$I5T1 BECAUSE !IR 9T]E/S >E FUNDAM5TALLY OPPOS$ TO ! 9T]E/S ( ?OSE :O P>TICIPATE 9 ! DISOB$I5CE4 ,:AT DISOB$I5CE /RATEGIES HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 DO+1 TIME & TIME AGA91 IS =C+ \T P>TICUL> GOV]NM5T REGIMES1 ?\< !SE >E ALWAYS REPLAC$ BY O!R REGIMES CON/ITUT$ FROM AMONG ! ELITE 7SOMETIMES RE=MI/ MOD]ATES & SOMETIMES ! LEAD]%IP ( ! OPPOSITION MOVEM5T ITSELF74 ,?IS HAPP5$ 9 ,9DIA AT ! TIME ( DECOLONIZATION & 9 ,>G5T9A 9 #b#a2 ) ,M>COS 9 ! ,PHILIPP9ES & ) ,MILOSEVIC 9 ,S]BIA 7?IS LATT] EXAMPLE1 & SIMIL> 0REVOLUTIONS0 9 ,GEORGIA1 ,UKRA9E1 & ,LEBANON1 %[ ! 9EFFECTIV5ESS ( G5]ALIZ$ DISOB$I5CE 9 ACTUALLY DELIV]+ SOCIAL P[] TO ! PEOPLE2 ALL ( !SE POPUL> C\PS W]E ACTUALLY OR*E/RAT$ & F9ANC$ BY ! ,U,S TO 9/ALL MORE M>KET-FRI5DLY1 PRO-,U,S POLITICIANS74.<#a#g.> ,IT IS NOT EV5 PROP] TO SAY ! OLD REGIMES >E 0=C$ \T40 ,FAC$ ) RIS+ DISOB$I5CE & ! ?REAT ( REAL REVOLUTION1 !Y *OOSE TO H& OV] P[] TO NEW REGIMES ?AT !Y TRU/ TO HONOR ! BASIC FRAMEWORKS ( CAPITALISM & /ATE4 ,:5 !Y DO NOT HAVE ! OPTION ( A TRANSF] ( P[]1 !Y TAKE (F ! GLOVES & ATTEMPT TO BRUTALIZE & DOM9ATE ! MOVEM5T1 :I* CANNOT DEF5D ITSELF & SURVIVE )\T ESCALAT+ TACTICS4 ,?IS IS :AT HAPP5$ TO ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ! ,U,S 9 ! #a#i#bS4 ,G5]ALIZ$ DISOB$I5CE /RATEGIES ATTEMPT TO %UT D[N ! SY/EM1 & EV5 9 ?AT 5DEAVOR !Y >E LESS EFFECTIVE ?AN MILITANT /RATEGIES4 ,)9 ! SAME CONTEXT AS ?AT REQUIR$ = G5]ALIZ$ DISOB$I5CE -- A BROAD & WELL-ORGANIZ$ REBELLI\S MOVEM5T -- IF WE DO NOT RE/RICT ! MOVEM5T TO NONVIOL5CE1 BUT SUPPORT A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 IT WILL BE TREM5D\SLY MORE EFFECTIVE4 ,9 T]MS ( %UTT+ ! SY/EM D[N1 !RE CAN BE NO COMP>ISON BETWE5 PEACEFULLY LOCK+ D[N TO A BRIDGE OR TRA9 L9E & BL[+ IT UP4 ,! LATT] CAUSES A LONG]-LA/+ OB/RUCTION1 CO/S MORE TO BE CLE>$ UP1 REQUIRES A MORE DRAMATIC RESPONSE FROM ! AU?ORITIES1 DOES MORE TO DAMAGE ! MORALE & PUBLIC IMAGE ( ! AU?ORITIES1 & ALL[S ! P]PETRATORS TO ESCAPE & FIE & ANG] PEOPLE OPPOS$ TO ! LIB]ATION MOVEM5T MORE ?AN A PEACEFUL LOCKD[N WILL4 ,BUT IT WILL ALSO CAUSE !M TO TAKE ! MOVEM5T MORE S]I\SLY1 RA!R ?AN DISMISS IT AS A NUISANCE4 7,( C\RSE1 ?OSE :O PRACTICE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS HAVE ! OPTION TO C>RY \T A PEACEFUL LOCKD[N OR AN ACT ( SABOTAGE1 DEP5D+ ON !IR E/IMATION ( :AT ! PUBLIC RESPONSE WILL BE47 ,:ILE SOME:AT USEFUL TO WORK]S1 A /RATEGY ( G5]ALIZ$ DISOB$I5CE HAS NO RELEVANCE TO ALREADY M>G9ALIZ$1 SURPLUS POPULATIONS SU* AS ! MANY 9DIG5\S NATIONS SLAT$ = EXPULSION OR EXT]M9ATION1 BECAUSE !IR P>TICIPATION IS NOT VITAL TO ! FUNCTION+ ( ! AGGRESSOR /ATE4 ,! ,A*E ( ! ,AMAZON DO NOT PAY ANY TAXES TO )HOLD1 & !Y DO NOT WORK ANY JOBS TO WALK \T FROM4 ,! G5OCIDAL CAMPAIGN AGA9/ !M DOES NOT H+E ON !IR COOP]ATION OR NON-COOP]ATION4 ,PEOPLE :OM ! AU?ORITIES W\LD LOVE TO SEE JU/ UP & DIE CAN W9 NO LEV]AGE ?R\< DISOB$I5CE4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 ! MAJOR TYPES ( NONVIOL5T /RATEGIES ALL 5C\NT] 9SURM\NTABLE DEAD 5DS 9 ! LONG T]M4 ,MORALITY PLAY /RATEGIES MISUND]/& ! WAY ! /ATE MA9TA9S CONTROL2 ?US1 !Y >E BL9D TO ! B>RI]S POS$ BY M$IA & CULTURAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & !Y (F] NO C\NT] TO ! ABILITY ( >M$ M9ORITIES TO CONTROL UN>M$ MAJORITIES4 ,! LOBBY+ APPROA* WA/ES RES\RCES TRY+ TO PRESSURE ! GOV]NM5T 9TO ACT+ 9 CONTRADICTION TO ITS [N 9T]E/S4 ,/RATEGIES C5T]$ ON BUILD+ ALT]NATIVES IGNORE ! /ATE'S ABILITY TO REPRESS RADICAL PROJECTS & CAPITALISM'S TAL5T = ABSORB+ & CORRUPT+ AUTONOM\S SOCIETIES4 ,G5]ALIZ$ DISOB$I5CE /RATEGIES OP5 ! DOOR TO REVOLUTION BUT D5Y POPUL> MOVEM5TS ! TACTICS NECESS>Y TO EXPROPRIATE DIRECT CONTROL ( ! ECONOMY1 R$I/RIBUTE WEAL?1 & DE/ROY ! REPRESSIVE APP>ATUS ( ! /ATE4 ,! LONG-T]M VIEW ?AT %[S !SE NONVIOL5T /RATEGY TYPES TO BE 9EFFECTIVE ALSO MAKES ! *ANCES ( ANY MILITANT /RATEGY SEEM BLEAK1 SEE+ AS H[ MO/ AN>*I/ COMMUNITIES 9 ! ,U,S TODAY >E PROBABLY COMPLETELY UNPREP>$ TO DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ ! /ATE4 ,BUT IT IS 9 \R EV]YDAY ORGANIZ+ ?AT ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS CAN /RATEGICALLY OV]COME PASSIVITY & FO/] MILITANCY1 & ?US *ANGE ! PROSPECTS = FUTURE /RUGGLES4 ,NONVIOL5T /RATEGIES PREV5T ?IS WORK4 ,!Y ALSO DISADVANTAGE US 9 9T]ACTIONS ) ! POLICE & M$IA1 TWO EXAMPLES ?AT >E WOR? GO+ 9TO4 ,NONVIOL5CE PLAYS 9TO COMMUNITY POLIC+ & CR[D CONTROL /RATEGIES4 ,! TACTICS ( PACIFISM1 LIKE MANY ( ! TACTICS ( MOD]N CR[D CONTROL POLIC+1 >E DESIGN$ TO DE-ESCALATE POT5TIALLY 9SURRECTION>Y SITUATIONS4 ,9 HIS REC5T BOOK DETAIL+ ! HI/ORY & DEVELOPM5T ( ! MOD]N ,U,S POLICE =CES1 ,\R ,5EMIES 9 ,BLUE1 ,KRI/IAN ,WILLIAMS DOCUM5TS H[ ! CRISIS ( ! #a#i#fS & #gS DEMON/RAT$ TO POLICE ?AT !IR ME?ODS ( DEAL+ ) POPUL> 9SURRECTION 7SU* AS URBAN RIOTS & MILITANT PROTE/S7 ONLY 5C\RAG$ MORE RESI/ANCE & MORE VIOL5CE ON ! P>T ( ! RESI/]S4.<#a#g#a.> ,! RESI/ANCE WAS EMP[]$1 ! POLICE LO/ CONTROL1 & ! GOV]NM5T HAD TO S5D 9 ! MILIT>Y 7FUR!R ]OD+ ! ILLUSION ( DEMOCRACY & OP5+ ! POSSIBILITY ( REAL REBELLION74 ,9 ! YE>S AFT]W>DS1 ! POLICE DEVELOP$ COMMUNITY POLIC+ /RATEGIES-TO IMPROVE !IR IMAGE & CONTROL POT5TIALLY SUBV]SIVE COMMUNITY ORGANIZ+-& CR[D CONTROL TACTICS EMPHASIZ+ DE-ESCALATION4 ,DESCRIPTIONS ( !SE TACTICS MIRROR EXACTLY PACIFI/ RECOMM5DATIONS = CONDUCT+ PROTE/S4 ,! POLICE ALL[ M9OR =MS ( DISOB$I5CE :ILE MA9TA9+ COMMUNICATION ) PROTE/ LEAD]S1 :OM !Y PRESSURE 9 ADVANCE TO GET ! PROTE/ TO POLICE ITSELF4 0,PEACE M>%ALS10 POLICE LIAISONS1 & M>* P]MITS >E ALL ASPECTS ( ?IS POLICE /RATEGY1 :I* LEADS ME TO WOND] IF PACIFI/S CAME UP ) !SE IDEAS 9DEP5D5TLY1 AS A FUNCTION ( !IR IMPLICITLY /ATI/ M5TALITY1 OR IF !Y W]E SO 5?USIA/IC AB\T LOV+ !IR 5EMY ?AT !Y SWALL[$ :OLE ! SUGGE/IONS ( ?AT 5EMY = H[ TO CONDUCT ! RESI/ANCE4 ,EI!R WAY1 AS LONG AS WE CONT9UE TO TOL]ATE NONVIOL5T LEAD]%IP1 ! POLICE WILL HAVE US RIE NE$$ & FI4 ,! TYPICAL EX*ANGE GOES SOME?+ LIKE ?IS3 ,REPORT]3 ,:AT DO Y\ HAVE TO SAY AB\T ! W9D[S ?AT W]E SMA%$ 9 TODAY'S PROTE/8 ,PROTE/]3 ,\R ORGANIZATION HAS A WELL-PUBLICIZ$ NONVIOL5CE PL$GE4 ,WE CONDEMN ! ACTIONS ( EXTREMI/S :O >E RU9+ ?IS PROTE/ = ! WELL-MEAN+ PEOPLE :O C>E AB\T SAV+ ! =E/S_//OPP+ ! W>_/HALT+ !SE EVICTIONS4 ,ACTIVI/S R>ELY GET MORE ?AN TWO-L9E QUOTES OR T5-SECOND CLIPS 9 ! CORPORATE M$IA4 ,! NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ?IS SKIT WA/E !IR FLEET+ SPOTLIY TO ! CONC]NS ( ! ELITE 7PROP]TY DE/RUCTION BY PROTE/]S72 SEEM+LY ADMITT+ WEAKNESS1 FAILURE1 & DISORGANIZATION TO ! PUBLIC 7BY SIMULTANE\SLY TAK+ RESPONSIBILITY = O!R PROTE/]S :ILE BEMOAN+ FAILURE TO CONTROL !M72 &1 NOT LEA/ ( ALL1 BACK/ABB+ ALLIES 9 PUBLIC & DIVID+ ! MOVEM5T4.<#a#g#b.> ,?AT EX*ANGE %\LD HAVE LOOK$ LIKE ?IS3 ,REPORT]3 ,:AT DO Y\ HAVE TO SAY AB\T ! W9D[S ?AT W]E SMA%$ 9 TODAY'S PROTE/8 ,PROTE/]3 ,IT PALES 9 COMP>ISON TO ! VIOL5CE ( DE=E/ATION_/! W>_/!SE EVICTIONS4 .<,9S]T POT5T FACTS AB\T ! ISSUE4.> ,IF PRESS$1 OR ASK$ BY LAW 5=CEM5T1 ACTIVI/S MIELY COMPORT !MSELVES 9 SU* A MANN]4 ,ACTIVI/S %\LD ONLY ANSW] 9 CONCISE /ATEM5TS ?AT TACTFULLY ADDRESS ! ISSUE2 O!RWISE1 $ITORS >E LIKELY TO RUN 9ANE QUOTES & C5SOR 9=MATIVE OR *ALL5G+ QUOTES47 ,IF ACTIVI/S >E SUCCESSFUL 9 KEEP+ ! FOCUS ON ! ACTUAL ISSUE1 !Y CAN AVAIL !MSELVES ( SUBSEQU5T OPPORTUNITIES TO CLE> !IR NAMES :ILE AGA9 DRIV+ HOME ! ISSUE AT H& 7) TACTICS SU* AS WRIT+ LETT]S TO ! $ITOR OR PROTE/+ A M$IA \TLET'S LIBEL\S ACCUSATIONS74 ,BUT IF ACTIVI/S >E MORE CONC]N$ ) CLE>+ !IR NAMES ?AN ADDRESS+ ! ISSUE1 !Y >E /ILLBORN4 ,AT FIR/ GLANCE1 A MILITANT CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION SEEMS MORE IMPRACTICAL ?AN A NONVIOL5T CONCEPTION1 BUT ?IS IS BECAUSE IT IS REALI/IC4 ,PEOPLE NE$ TO UND]/& ?AT CAPITALISM1 ! /ATE1 :ITE SUPREMACY1 IMP]IALISM1 & PATRI>*Y ALL CON/ITUTE A W> AGA9/ ! PEOPLE ( ?IS PLANET4 ,& REVOLUTION IS AN 9T5SIFICATION ( ?AT W>4 ,WE CANNOT LIB]ATE \RSELVES & CREATE ! WORLDS WE WANT TO LIVE 9 IF WE ?9K ( FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL *ANGE AS %9+ A LIKNESS1 W9N+ HE>TS & M9DS1 SPEAK+ TRU? TO P[]1 BE>+ WITNESS1 CAPTUR+ PEOPLE'S ATT5TION1 OR ANY O!R PASSIVE P>ADE4 ,MILLIONS ( PEOPLE DIE EV]Y YE> ON ?IS PLANET = NO BETT] REASON ?AN A LACK ( CLEAN DR9K+ WAT]4 ,BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5TS & CORPORATIONS ?AT HAVE USURP$ CONTROL ( ! COMMONS HAVE NOT F\ND A WAY TO PR(IT FROM ?OSE PEOPLE'S LIVES1 !Y LET !M DIE4 ,MILLIONS ( PEOPLE DIE EV]Y YE> BECAUSE A FEW CORPORATIONS & !IR ALLI$ GOV]NM5TS DO NOT WANT TO ALL[ ! PRODUCTION ( G5]IC ,A,I,D,S DRUGS & O!R M$IC9E4 ,DO Y\ ?9K ! 9/ITUTIONS & ! ELITE 9DIVIDUALS :O HOLD ! P[] ( LIFE OR DEA? OV] MILLIONS GIVE A FUCK AB\T \R PROTE/S8 ,!Y HAVE DECL>$ W> ON US1 & WE NE$ TO TAKE IT BACK TO !M4 ,NOT BECAUSE WE >E ANGRY 7?\< WE %\LD BE71 NOT TO GET REV5GE1 & NOT BECAUSE WE >E ACT+ IMPULSIVELY1 BUT BECAUSE WE HAVE WEI<$ ! POSSIBILITY ( FRE$OM AGA9/ ! C]TA9TY ( %AME FROM LIV+ UND] :ATEV] =M ( DOM9ATION WE >E FAC$ ) 9 \R P>TICUL> CORN] ( ! GLOBE2 BECAUSE WE REALIZE ?AT SOME PEOPLE >E ALREADY FIY4 ,REALIZ+ ?AT ?IS IS A W> CAN HELP US DECIDE :AT WE NE$ TO DO & CRAFT EFFECTIVE /RATEGIES = ! LONG HAUL4 ,?OSE ( US LIV+ 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ,EUROPE1 & SOME O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD LIVE UND] ! ILLUSION ( DEMOCRACY4 ,! GOV]NM5T POLITELY PRET5DS IT W\LD NEV] KILL US IF WE *ALL5G$ ITS AU?ORITY1 BUT ?AT IS A ?9 V5E]4 ,9 HIS ANNUAL ADDRESS TO ,CONGRESS1 ON ,DECEMB] #c1 #a#i#a1 ,PRESID5T ,!ODORE ,ROOSEVELT1 SPEAK+ ( ! 5EMY ( ! DAY1 DECL>$3 0,WE %\LD W> ) REL5TLESS EFFICI5CY NOT ONLY AGA9/ AN>*I/S1 BUT AGA9/ ALL ACTIVE & PASSIVE SYMPA?IZ]S ) AN>*I/S40.<#a#g#c.> ,ONE HUNDR$ YE>S LAT]1 9 ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 ,PRESID5T ,GEORGE ,W4 ,BU% ANN\NC$3 0,EI!R Y\ >E ) US1 OR Y\ >E ) ! T]RORI/S40.<#a#g#d.> ,ASIDE FROM %[+ H[ LITTLE \R GOV]NM5T HAS *ANG$ 9 A C5TURY1 ?IS QUOTE POSES AN 9T]E/+ QUE/ION4 ,( C\RSE WE CAN REJECT ,BU%'S DEM& ?AT IF WE DO NOT L9E UP ) ,OSAMA B9 ,LAD5 !N WE %\LD DECL>E ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,:ITE ,H\SE4 ,BUT IF WE 9SI/ ON DISLOYALTY1 !N REG>DLESS ( \R P]SONAL AFFILIATIONS ,BU% HAS JUDG$ US AS T]RORI/S1 & ! ,JU/ICE ,DEP>TM5T HAS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT IT MI 9 ! ,JO9T ,T]RORISM ,TASK ,=CE'S SPY+ ON DISSID5TS2 & 9 ! H>ASSM5T1 REPRESSION1 & DEPORTATION ( ,MUSLIMS & IMMIGRANTS ?AT HAS BE5 ! MAJOR DOME/IC 0SECURITY0 ACTIVITY ( ! GOV]NM5T S9CE ,SEPTEMB] #a#a4 ,WE C\LD PR\DLY RECOGNIZE ?AT 0T]RORI/0 HAS BE5 GOV]NM5TS' LABEL ( *OICE = FRE$OM FI ?AT ALREADY EXI/S1 WE HAVE %UFFL$ OV] TO ! SAFE SIDE ( ,BU%'S DI*OTOMY1 :E!R WE ADMIT IT OR NOT1 & NONVIOL5CE HAS BE5 \R EXCUSE4 ,G5]AL ,FRANK ,KITSON1 AN 9FLU5TIAL ,BRITI% MILIT>Y1 POLICE1 & SOCIAL-CONTROL !ORETICIAN :OSE /RATEGIES HAVE BE5 DISSEM9AT$ & ADOPT$ BY /ATE PLANN]S & POLICE AG5CIES 9 ! ,U,S1 BREAKS SOCIAL DI/URBANCES D[N 9TO ?REE /AGES3 PREP>ATION1 NONVIOL5CE1 & 9SURG5CY4.<#a#g#f.> ,POLICE UND]/& ?IS1 & !Y DO :AT !Y CAN TO KEEP DISSID5TS & DISAFFECT$ MASSES HELD BACK 9 ! FIR/ TWO /AGES4 ,MANY ( ?OSE DISSID5TS DO NOT UND]/& ?IS4 ,!Y DO NOT UND]/& :AT IT WILL TAKE TO R$I/RIBUTE P[] 9 \R SOCIETY1 & !Y PREV5T !MSELVES & !IR ALLIES FROM GO+ ALL ! WAY4 ,QUITE EVID5TLY1 ! /ATE IS MORE AFRAID ( MILITANT GR\PS ?AN NONVIOL5T GR\PS1 & ,I HAVE US$ ?IS AS EVID5CE ?AT MILITANT GR\PS >E MORE EFFECTIVE4 ,! /ATE UND]/&S ?AT IT HAS TO REACT MORE =CEFULLY & 5]GETICALLY TO NEUTRALIZE MILITANT REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,I HAVE HE>D QUITE A FEW NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S TURN ?IS V]Y FACT ON ITS HEAD TO >GUE ?AT NONVIOL5T ATTEMPTS AT REVOLUTION >E MORE EFFECTIVE BECAUSE MILITANT ATTEMPTS WILL BE SAVAGELY REPRESS$ 7& 9 O!R *APT]S ,I HAVE QUOT$ !SE ACTIVI/S TO %[ ?AT !IR PRIM>Y CONC]N IS !IR [N SAFETY74 ,TRUE1 ! PA? TO REVOLUTION 5VISION$ BY MILITANT ACTIVI/S IS MU* MORE DANG]\S & DIFFICULT ?AN ! ONE 5VISION$ BY PACIFI/S1 BUT IT ALSO HAS ! ADVANTAGE ( BE+ REALI/IC1 UNLIKE ! PACIFI/ FANTASY4 ,BUT ?IS LOGICAL JUGGL+ IS WOR? EXAM9+4 ,PACIFI/S CLAIM !Y >E MORE EFFECTIVE BECAUSE !Y >E MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE REPRESSION4 ,! REASON+ IS ?AT MILITANTS GIVE ! /ATE AN EXCUSE TO ELIM9ATE !M 7! EXCUSE BE+ SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ A VIOL5T 5EMY71 :]EAS /ATES >E UNABLE TO USE OV]:ELM+ VIOL5CE AGA9/ PACIFI/S BECAUSE !RE CAN BE NOJU/IFICATION4 ,! GULLIBLE ASSUMPTION ON :I* ?IS REASON+ IS BAS$ IS ?AT GOV]NM5TS >E RUL$ BY PUBLIC OP9ION1 RA!R ?AN VICE V]SA4 ,GETT+ PA/ ! SOPHI/RY ( NONVIOL5CE1 WE CAN EASILY E/ABLI% ! FACTOR ?AT DET]M9ES :E!R GOV]NM5T REPRESSION WILL BE A POPUL> MEASURE 9 ! C\RT ( PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,?AT FACTOR IS ! POPUL> LEGITIMACY1 OR LACK !RE(1 :I* ! RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T 5JOYS -- IT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) VIOL5CE OR NONVIOL5CE4 ,IF ! PEOPLE DO NOT SEE A RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T AS LEGITIMATE OR IMPORTANT1 IF !Y WAVE ! FLAG ) ALL ! RE/1 !Y WILL *E] EV5 :5 ! GOV]NM5T C>RIES \T MASSACRES4 ,BUT IF ! PEOPLE SYMPA?IZE ) ! RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T1 !N GOV]NM5T REPRESSION WILL FO/] MORE RESI/ANCE4 ,! SLAUAPAHO AT ,S& ,CREEK ONLY BR\ WAS ! NATIONAL RESPONSE TO ! REPRESSION ( H>MLESS 0COMMUNI/S0 9 ! #a#i#eS4 ,BUT AT TIMES ( PEAK POPUL>ITY1 ,BRITI% ATTEMPTS TO REPRESS ! ,IRI% ,REPUBLICAN ,>MY 7,I,R,A7 ONLY BR\MY HAD ! SAME EFFECT4 ,! GOV]NM5T IS ABLE TO REPRESS BO? NONVIOL5T & MILITANT GR\PS )\T CAUS+ A BACKLA% SO LONG AS IT HAS CONTROL OV] ! IDEOLOGICAL T]RA94 ,NONVIOL5T GR\PS CAN OP]ATE ) LESS CULTURAL 9DEP5D5CE & POPUL> SUPPORT BECAUSE !Y T5D TO AIM L[] & POSE LESS ( A ?REAT1 :]EAS A MILITANT GR\P1 BY ITS V]Y EXI/5CE1 IS A DIRECT *ALL5GE TO ! /ATE MONOPOLY ON =CE4 ,MILITANT GR\PS UND]/& ?AT !Y NE$ TO OV]COME ! /ATE1 &1 UNTIL !Y HELP CREATE A BROAD CULTURE ( RESI/ANCE 7OR UNLESS !Y >ISE \T ( SU* A CULTURE71 !Y WILL BE ISOLAT$ & ON ! RUN4 ,PACIFI/S1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAVE ! OPTION ( =SWE>+ CONFRONTATION ) /ATE P[] & PRET5D+ !Y >E 5GAG$ 9 SOME PROCESS ( MAGICALLY TRANS=M+ ! /ATE ?R\< ! 0P[] ( LOVE10 OR !IR 0NONVIOL5T WITNESS10 OR BY DISSEM9AT+ HE>T WR5*+ IMAGES ( C>DBO>D PUPPETS ?R\< ! M$IA1 OR SOME O!R SWILL4 ,! PREVAL5CE OR SC>CITY ( PACIFISM IS A GOOD B>OMET] = ! WEAKNESS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,/RONG POPUL> SUPPORT ALL[S A RADICAL MOVEM5T TO SURVIVE REPRESSION2 IF A MOVEM5T HAS BUILT POPUL> SUPPORT = MILITANT /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE1 !Y >E ?AT MU* CLOS] TO VICTORY4 ,A /ATE DECIDES TO REPRESS ACTIVI/S & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS :5 IT P]CEIVES DISSID5TS' GOALS AS ?REAT5+ & A*IEVABLE4 ,IF ! GOAL IS TO SEIZE OR DE/ROY /ATE P[]1 & AG5TS ( ! /ATE ?9K !RE IS ANY *ANCE ( APPROA*+ ?AT GOAL1 !Y WILL REPRESS OR DE/ROY ! MOVEM5T1 REG>DLESS ( ! TACTICS ADVOCAT$4 ,DOES VIOL5CE 5C\RAGE REPRESSION8 ,NOT NECESS>ILY4 ,LET US CONSID] SOME CASE /UDIES & COMP>E ! REPRESSION ( ! ,WOBBLIES ) ?AT ( ! IMMIGRANT ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S OR ! ,APPALA*IAN M9]S4 ,ALL ?REE CASES TOOK PLACE 9 ! SAME TIME P]IOD1 ?R\< ,WORLD ,W> ,I & ! #a#i#bS1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W7 -- MEMB]S W]E KN[N AS 0,WOBBLIES0 -- WAS AN AN>*I/ LABOR UNION SEEK+ ! ABOLITION ( WAGE LABOR4 ,AT ITS PEAK 9 #a#i#b#c1 ! ,I,W,W HAD NE>LY HALF A MILLION MEMB]S & ACTIVE SUPPORT]S4 ,9 ! E>LI] DAYS1 ! UNION WAS MILITANT3 SOME ( ! ,I,W,W LEAD]S 5C\RAG$ SABOTAGE4 ,H[EV]1 ! UNION NEV] FULLY REJECT$ NONVIOL5CE1 & ITS MA9 TACTICS W]E $UCATION1 PROTE/1 0FREE SPEE* FIGET = GOV]NM5T REPRESSION4 ,9 RESPONSE TO /ATE PRESSURE1 ! ORGANIZATION DID NOT EV5 TAKE A POSITION TO OPPOSE ,WORLD ,W> ,I4 0,9 ! 5D1 ! LEAD]%IP DECID$ AGA9/ EXPLICITLY 5C\RAG+ ! MEMB]%IP TO VIOLATE ! LAW .4 ,! WAY !Y W]E SUBSEQU5TLY TREAT$ BY F$]AL & /ATE (FICIALS1 H[EV]1 !Y MAY AS WELL HAVE40.<#a#g#g.> ,! ,WOBBLIES ALSO ACCOMMODAT$ /ATE DEM&S = PASSIVITY BY SUPPRESS+ A PAMPHLET ( A #aiac ,ELIZABE? ,GURLEY ,FLYNN SPEE* 5C\RAG+ SABOTAGE4 ,! ,I,W,W )DREW SIMIL> BOOKS & PAMPHLETS FROM CIRCULATION & 0(FICIALLY R5\NC$ ! USE ( SABOTAGE BY ANY ( ITS MEMB]S40.<#a#g#h.> ,( C\RSE1 NONE ( !SE ACTIONS SAV$ ! UNION FROM REPRESSION BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T HAD ALREADY ID5TIFI$ IT AS A ?REAT TO BE NEUTRALIZ$4 ,! ,I,W,W'S GOAL 7ABOLITION ( WAGE LABOR ?R\< ! GRADUAL %ORT5+ ( ! WORK WEEK7 WAS A ?REAT TO ! CAPITALI/ ORD]1 & ! SIZE ( ! UNION GAVE IT ! P[] TO CIRCULATE !SE DANG]\S IDEAS & C>RY \T SIGNIFICANT /RIKES4 ,ONE HUNDR$ ,*ICAGO ,WOBBLIES W]E PUT ON TRIAL 9 #a#i#a#h1 9 ADDITION TO ,I,W,W ORGANIZ]S FROM ,SACRAM5TO & ,WI*ITA2 ! GOV]NM5T ACCUS$ !M ( S$ITION1 ADVOCAT+ VIOL5CE1 & CRIM9AL SYNDICALISM4 ,ALL W]E CONVICT$4 ,AFT] ! IMPRISONM5T & O!R REPRESSION 79CLUD+ LYN*+S ( ,I,W,W ORGANIZ]S 9 SOME CITIES71 0! DYNAMIC =CE ( ! UNION WAS LO/2 IT NEV] REGA9$ ITS HOLD ON ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T40.<#a#g#i.> ,! ,WOBBLIES ACCOMMODAT$ /ATE P[] & PACIFI$ !MSELVES1 R5\NC+ VIOL5T TACTICS2 ?IS WAS A /EP ALONG ! ROAD ( !IR REPRESSION4 ,!Y W]E JAIL$1 BEAT51 LYN*$4 ,! GOV]NM5T REPRESS$ !M BECAUSE ( ! RADICALISM & POPUL>ITY ( !IR VISION4 ,R5\NC+ VIOL5CE PREV5T$ !M FROM DEF5D+ ?AT VISION4 ,IMMIGRANT ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ MILITANTS LIV+ 9 ,NEW ,5GL& SURVIV$ GOV]NM5T REPRESSION AT LEA/ AS WELL AS ! ,WOBBLIES1 ?\< !IR RANKS W]E MU* SMALL] & !IR TACTICS MORE SPECTACUL> -- !Y BOMB$ ! HOMES & (FICES ( SEV]AL GOV]NM5T (FICIALS1 & !Y ALMO/ KILL$ ,U,S ATTORNEY G5]AL ,A4 ,MIT*ELL ,PALM]4.<#a#h.> ,! MO/ MILITANT ( ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S W]E ! ,GALLEANI/S1.<#a#h#a.> :O ?REW !MSELVES 9TO ! CLASS W>4 ,UNLIKE ! ,WOBBLIES1 !Y VOCALLY & OP5LY ORGANIZ$ AGA9/ ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 HOLD+ PROTE/S1 MAK+ SPEE*ES1 & PUBLI%+ SOME ( ! MO/ UNCOMPROMIS+ & REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-W> TRACTS 9 PAP]S SU* AS ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA 7:I* ! ,JU/ICE ,DEP>TM5T DECL>$ 0! MO/ DANG]\S NEWSPAP] PUBLI%$ 9 ?IS C\NTRY074.<#a#h#b.> ,9 FACT1 SEV]AL ( !M W]E %OT TO DEA? BY POLICE AT ANTI-W> PROTE/S4 ,! ,GALLEANI/S 5]GETICALLY SUPPORT$ LABOR ORGANIZ+ 9 ,NEW ,5GL& FACTORIES & W]E KEY SUPPORT]S ( SEV]AL MAJOR /RIKES2 !Y ALSO F\ND TIME TO ORGANIZE AGA9/ ! RIS+ TIDE ( FASCISM 9 ! ,U,S4 ,BUT ! ,GALLEANI/S LEFT !IR DEEPE/ M>K ) !IR REFUSAL TO ACCEPT GOV]NM5T REPRESSION4 ,!Y C>RI$ \T DOZ5S ( BOMB+S 9 ,NEW ,5GL& CITIES & 9 ,MILWAUKEE1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,PITTSBUR<1 ,PHILADELPHIA1 ,D,C1 & ELSE:]E1 MO/LY 9 RESPONSE TO ! >RE/ OR KILL+ ( COMRADES BY /ATE =CES4 ,SOME ( !SE ATTACKS W]E WELL-COORD9AT$ CAMPAIGNS 9VOLV+ MULTIPLE SIMULTANE\S BOMB+S4 ,! L>GE/ WAS ! #aib BOMB+ ( ,WALL ,/REET 9 RESPONSE TO ! FRAME-UP ( ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI 7:O W]E NOT 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,BRA9TREE ROBB]Y = :I* !Y W]E EXECUT$ BUT PROBABLY PLAY$ SUPPORT ROLES 9 SOME ( ! ,GALLEANI/ BOMB+S74 ,?AT ACT KILL$ #cc PEOPLE1 CAUS$ @s#b MILLION 9 DAMAGE1 & DE/ROY$1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ! ,H\SE ( ,MORGAN1 ,J4,P4 ,MORGAN'S CAPITOL BUILD+ ( ,AM]ICAN F9ANCE1 AS IT W]E4 ,! F$S ORGANIZ$ A MASSIVE 9VE/IGATION & MANHUNT BUT NEV] CAUIO ,BUDA1 :O ESCAP$ TO ,ITALY & CONT9U$ HIS WORK UNTIL HE WAS >RE/$ BY ! ,MUSSOL9I REGIME4.<#a#h#c.> ,! GOV]NM5T UND]TOOK MAJOR EF=TS TO REPRESS ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S1 & ) ONLY P>TIAL SUCCESS4 ,GOV]NM5T =CES KILL$ A FEW BY POLICE ACTION OR JUDICIAL EXECUTION1 & IMPRISON$ MORE ?AN A DOZ5 MORE1 BUT UNLIKE ! ,WOBBLIES1 ! ,GALLEANI/S AVOID$ BE+ >RE/$ 5 MASSE4 ,?IS WAS1 9 P>T1 DUE TO ! DEC5TRALIZ$1 SECURITY-CONSCI\S =MS ( ORGANIZATION ?AT ! ,ITALIANS' CONCEPT ( MILITANT REVOLUTION 9FLU5C$ !M TO ADOPT4 ,& IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ! ,GALLEANI/S W]E ESPECIALLY AT RISK ( GOV]NM5T REPRESSION BECAUSE1 UNLIKE MANY ( ! ,WOBBLIES1 !Y C\LD BE T>GET$ ) ,W,A,S,P X5OPHOBIA & ?REAT5$ ) DEPORTATION4 7,9 FACT1 AB\T #h ( !M W]E DEPORT$1 YET ! O!RS W]E ABLE TO /AY HI7 ,! ,GALLEANI/S' UNCOMPROMIS+ RESPONSE TO /ATE REPRESSION HAD AT LEA/ SOME MEASURABLE RESULTS 9 DISC\RAG+ REPRESSION 7ASIDE FROM MAK+ BO? GOV]NM5T & FACTORY BOSSES AFRAID TO DO ANY?+ TO FUR!R 9CITE !IR WORK]S1 LE/ !Y JO9 ! AN>*I/ BOMB ?R[]S74 ,?R\< ! ?REAT ( LETT] BOMBS1 !Y CAUS$ ! PRODIGAL ,BUREAU ( ,9VE/IGATION DETECTIVE :O HAD BE5 9/RUM5TAL 9 TRACK+ D[N & >RE/+ SEV]AL ( !IR COMRADES 9 #aiah TO GO 9TO HID+ & !N LEAVE ! BUREAU 5TIRELY 9 #a#i#a#i4.<#a#h#e.> ,! ONLY CONSEQU5CES ?AT ! GOV]NM5T AG5TS RESPONSIBLE = REPRESS+ ! ,WOBBLIES HAD TO DEAL ) W]E PROMOTIONS4 ,FROM #aiai TO #a#i#b1 ! HEIE TOOK ITS TOLL ON ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S1 ?\< !Y REMA9$ ACTIVE & UNCOMPROMIS+ & DID NOT FOLD AS QUICKLY AS ! ,WOBBLIES4 ,9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#b1 ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 ! NEWSPAP] ?AT S]V$ AS A HUB = MANY ( ! ,GALLEANI/S1 WAS F9ALLY SUPPRESS$ BY ! AU?ORITIES1 & ! FOCUS ( IMMIGRANT ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ACTIVITY RETURN$ TO ,ITALY1 TO :I* MANY ( ! ACTIVI/S FL$ OR W]E DEPORT$4 ,! 5D ( !IR MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS NOT ! 5D ( !IR MOVEM5T OV]ALL1 H[EV]1 & = SEV]AL YE>S !SE AN>*I/S W]E KEY OPPON5TS TO ,MUSSOL9I1 :O1 LIKE HIS ,AM]ICAN COLLEAGUES1 FE>$ !M & PRIORITIZ$ !IR REPRESSION4 7,9 FACT1 ! NEW ,BUREAU ( ,9VE/IGATION DIRECTOR1 ,J4 ,$G> ,HOOV]1 SUPPLI$ ! FASCI/S ) 9VALUABLE 9=MATION = ! SPECIFIC PURPOSE ( DE/ROY+ ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S4.<#a#h#f.>7 ,& SOME ( ! EXIL$ ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S TOOK P>T 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,?\< ,ITALIAN AN>*ISM 9 ! ,U,S 0NEV] RECOV]$0 AFT] #a#i#b1 0! AN>*I/S BY NO MEANS VANI%$ FROM ! SC5E40.<#a#h#g.> ,) AN 9T]NATIONAL FOCUS1 !Y ORGANIZ$ OPPOSITION TO ! RIS+ COMMUNI/ & FASCI/ DICTATOR%IPS 7!Y W]E AT ! 0=EFRONT ( ANTIFASCI/ /RUGGLE0 9 ,LITTLE ,ITALYS ?R\<\T ! ,U,S71.<#a#h#h.> & ALSO TURN$ ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI'S SUPPORT CAMPAIGN 9TO A WORLD WIDE CAUSE4 ,F> FROM BE+ UNIV]SALLY ALI5AT+ FIGURES1 ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI WON ! SUPPORT ( !IR COMMUNITIES -- ,ITALIANS AS WELL AS ,W,A,S,PS -- & ! SUPPORT ( PUBLIC FIGURES 9 ! ,U,S & ,EUROPE1 ?IS DESPITE BE+ IMPRISON$ & !IR CONT9U$ CALL = VIOL5T REVOLUTION & BOMB+ CAMPAIGNS AGA9/ ! AU?ORITIES4 ,!IR SUPPORT]S ON ! \TSIDE DID NOT DISAPPO9T !M4 ,FROM #aibf TO #a#i#c#b1 AN>*I/S C>RI$ \T SEV]AL MORE BOMB+S1 T>GET+ ! JUDGE1 ! GOV]NOR1 ! EXECUTION]1 & ! P]SON :OSE CALL TO ! POLICE GOT ! TWO >RE/$2 NONE ( ! BOMB]S W]E EV] CAU*I/S ALSO CONT9U$ TO AGITATE & SPREAD !IR IDEAS -- ! SUCCESSOR TO ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 ,L',ADUNATA DEI ,REFRATT>I1 WAS PUBLI%$ = ANO!R #d YE>S1 9TO ! #a#i#fS4 ,! #aiba ,M9E ,W> 9 ,WE/ ,VIRG9IA (F]S ANO!R EXAMPLE ( GOV]NM5T RESPONSES TO MILITANT TACTICS4 ,:5 ! M9E [N]S REPRESS$ ! EF=TS ( ! M9]S TO =M UNIONS -- FIR+ UNION MEMB]S & BR++ 9 SCABS -- ,APPALA*IAN REBELS RESPOND$ =CEFULLY4 ,!Y OP5$ FIRE ON SCABS & KILL$ SEV]AL COAL-COMPANY ?UGS & DEPUTIES S5T TO REPRESS !M4 ,9 TIME1 A GU]RILLA CONFLICT & !N A FULL-BL[N W> DEVELOP$4 ,ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS1 POLICE & COMPANY ?UGS OP5$ FIRE ON M9]S' 5CAMPM5TS1 T>GET+ WOM5 & *ILDR54 ,9 ! MO/ FAM\S MASSACRE1 !Y GUNN$ D[N ,SID ,HATFIELD1 :O1 9 HIS CAPACITY AS %]IFF1 ACTUALLY F\RI$ \T BY COMPANY ?UGS4 ,?\S&S ( >M$ M9]S =M$ AN >MY & M>*$ ON ,LOGAN1 ,WE/ ,VIRG9IA1 TO REMOVE 7& HANG7 ! %]IFF !RE1 :O WAS ESPECIALLY ACTIVE 9 REPRESS+ ! UNION M9]S4 ,! ,U,S ,>MY RESPOND$ ) ?\S&S ( TROOPS1 MA*9E GUNS1 & EV5 BOMB>DM5T BY AIRPLANES 9 :AT BECAME KN[N AS ! ,BATTLE ( ,BLAIR ,M\NTA94 ,AFT] ! BATTLE1 ! UNION M9]S BACK$ D[N4 ,BUT DESPITE P>TICIPAT+ 9 ONE ( ! C5TURY'S L>GE/ ACTS ( >M$ MUT9Y1 V]Y FEW ( !M GOT S]I\S PRISON S5T5CES -- MO/ ( ! REBELS RECEIV$ NO PUNI%M5T AT ALL -- & ! GOV]NM5T EAS$ (F SOME:AT & ALL[$ ! UNIONIZATION ( ! M9ES 7!IR UNION /ILL EXI/S TODAY74.<#a#h#i.> ,MORE REC5TLY1 POLICE /RATEGI/S WRIT+ AB\T ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAVE NOT$1 0,9TELLIG5CE GA!R+ AMONG ! MO/ RADICAL -- & (T5 MO/ VIOL5T -- FACTIONS IS P>TICUL>LY DIFFICULT4444,! V]Y NATURE ( ! MOVEM5T'S SUSPICION & OP]ATIONAL SECURITY 5HANCEM5TS MAKES 9FILTRATION DIFFICULT & TIME CONSUM+40.<#a#i.> ,SO ! CLAIMS ?AT NONVIOL5T GR\PS >E MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE REPRESSION DO NOT /& UP TO SCRUT9Y4 ,EXCLUD+ ! T5D5CY ( PACIFI/S TO ROLL OV] 9 ADVANCE SO !Y NEV] POSE A ?REAT ( *ANG+ ANY?+1 IT SEEMS ?AT ACTUALLY ! OPPOSITE IS TRUE4 ,CONSID] A FEW TIMELY PO9TS REG>D+ NONVIOL5T SO-CALL$ RESI/ANCE TO ! ,U,S OCCUPATION ( ,IRAQ1 ONE ( ! MO/ PRESS+ ISSUES ( ! DAY4 ,PACIFISM SEES VICTORY AS AVOID+ OR DECREAS+ VIOL5CE1 SO NATURALLY PACIFI/S CANNOT CONFRONT VIOL5CE DIRECTLY4 ,ANY REAL RESI/ANCE TO MILIT>Y OCCUPATION W\LD LEAD TO AN 9CREASE 9 VIOL5CE 7AS ! OCCUPI]S ATTEMPT TO /AMP \T RESI/ANCE7 BE=E LIB]ATION & ! POSSIBILITY ( REAL PEACE -- IT HAS TO GET WORSE BE=E IT GETS BETT]4 ,IF ! ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE IS OV]COME1 ! SITUATION WILL APPE> MORE PEACEFUL1 BUT1 9 REALITY1 ! SPECTACUL> VIOL5CE ( W>F>E WILL HAVE TURN$ 9TO ! ?REAT5$1 9VISIBLE1 & MUNDANE VIOL5CE ( SUCCESSFUL OCCUPATION1 & ! ,IRAQI PEOPLE WILL BE MU* FUR!R AWAY FROM LIB]ATION4 ,YET NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S >E PRONE TO MIS9T]PRET ?IS APP>5T PEACE AS A VICTORY1 MU* AS !Y 9T]PRET$ ! )DRAWAL ( ,U,S TROOPS FROM ,VIETNAM AS A VICTORY1 EV5 ?\< BOMB+ 9T5SIFI$ & A ,U,S-BACK$ REGIME CONT9U$ TO OCCUPY ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,:AT NONVIOL5T ANTI-W> ACTIVI/S >E UNABLE TO REALIZE IS ?AT ! MO/ IMPORTANT RESI/ANCE1 PROBABLY ! ONLY SIGNIFICANT RESI/ANCE1 TO ! OCCUPATION ( ,IRAQ IS ! RESI/ANCE BE+ WAG$ BY ! ,IRAQI PEOPLE !MSELVES4 ,ON ! :OLE1 ! ,IRAQIS HAVE *OS5 >M$ /RUGGLE4.<#a#i#a.> ,AM]ICANS :O CONDEMN ?IS :ILE LACK+ ANY P]SONAL KN[L$GE ( :AT IT IS LIKE TO ORGANIZE RESI/ANCE 9 ,IRAQ ONLY FLAUNT !IR IGNORANCE4 ,PEOPLE 9 ! ,U,S :O CLAIM TO BE ANTI-W> USE NONVIOL5CE AS AN EXCUSE TO AVOID !IR RESPONSIBILITY TO SUPPORT ! ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE4 ,!Y ALSO P>ROT CORPORATE M$IA PROPAG&A & PRET5D ?AT ALL ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE GR\PS >E COMPOS$ ( AU?ORIT>IAN1 PATRI>*AL FUNDAM5TALI/S1 :5 IT IS AN ACCESSIBLE FACT1 TO ANYONE :O C>ES TO KN[1 ?AT ! ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE CONTA9S A GREAT DIV]SITY ( GR\PS & IDEOLOGIES4 ,NONVIOL5CE1 9 ?IS CASE1 IS A GREAT] OB/ACLE ?AN ! FE> ( GOV]NM5T REPRESSION TO BUILD+ RELATION%IPS ( SOLID>ITY & BECOM+ CRITICAL ALLIES TO ! MO/ LIB]ATORY ( RESI/ANCE GR\PS4 ,CONDEMN+ !M ALL 5SURES ?AT ! ONLY GR\PS GETT+ \TSIDE SUPPORT >E ! AU?ORIT>IAN1 PATRI>*AL1 FUNDAM5TALI/ ONES4 ,! APPROA* ( ! ,U,S ANTI-W> MOVEM5T 9 RELATION TO ! ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE DOES NOT M]ELY QUALIFY AS BAD /RATEGY3 IT REVEALS A TOTAL LACK ( /RATEGY1 & IT IS SOME?+ WE NE$ TO FIX4 ,! /RATEGIES ( NONVIOL5CE CANNOT DEFEAT ! /ATE -- !Y T5D TO REFLECT A LACK ( UND]/&+ ( ! V]Y NATURE ( ! /ATE4 ,! P[] ( ! /ATE IS SELF-P]PETUAT+2 IT WILL DEFEAT LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS ) ANY MEANS AT ITS DISPOSAL4 ,IF ATTEMPTS TO OV]?R[ SU* A P[] /RUCTURE SURVIVE ! FIR/ /AGES ( REPRESSION1 ! ELITE WILL TURN ! CONFLICT 9TO A MILIT>Y ONE1 & PEOPLE US+ NONVIOL5T TACTICS CANNOT DEFEAT A MILIT>Y4 ,PACIFISM CANNOT DEF5D ITSELF AGA9/ UNCOMPROMIS+ EXT]M9ATION4 ,AS EXPLA9$ 9 ONE /UDY ( REVOLUTION 9 MOD]N SOCIETIES3 ,DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I ! ,G]MANS W]E NOT FAMILI> ) PASSIVE RESI/ANCE 7:5 IT OCCURR$72 BUT TODAY'S >M$ =CES >E F> BETT] PREP>$ TO COPE ) NONVIOL5CE1 BO? TE*NICALLY & PSY*OLOGICALLY4 ,ADVOCATES ( NONVIOL5CE1 ONE ,BRITI% MILIT>Y SPECIALI/ REM9DS US1 0>E 9CL9$ TO OV]LOOK ?AT FACT ?AT ITS MA9 SUCCESSES HAVE BE5 OBTA9$ AGA9/ OPPON5TS :OSE CODE ( MORALITY WAS FUNDAM5TALLY SIMIL>1 & :OSE RU?LESSNESS WAS !REBY RE/RA9$444,! ONLY IMPRESSION IT SEEMS TO HAVE MADE ON ,HITL] WAS TO EXCITE HIS IMPULSE TO TRAMPLE ON :AT1 TO HIS M9D1 WAS CONTEMPTIBLE WEAKNESS44440 ,IF WE ACCEPT ! PREMISE ( ! BLACK REVOLUTIONI/S 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 NAMELY1 ?AT WE LIVE 9 A RACI/ SOCIETY1 LESS RU?LESSNESS CAN H>DLY BE EXPECT$4444 ,IT MIIO ,PROV9CE1 ,CANADA1 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#f#e1 ?IRTY-ONE NONVIOL5T 0DEF5D]S0 HAD TO DEAL ) SIX 0>M$0 M5 REPRES5T+ A ,UNIT$ ,/ATES-SUPPORT$ 0RI OCCUPI$ MAJOR PORTIONS ( ! ,CANADIAN HE>TL&4440 ,AT ! 5D ( ! EXP]IM5T1 ?IRTE5 ( ! DEF5D]S W]E 0DEAD02 ! P>TICIPANTS 0CONCLUD$ ?AT ! EXP]IM5T HAD BE5 A DEFEAT = NONVIOL5CE4.<#a#i#b.> ,! HI/ORY ( ITS PRACTICE LEADS ME TO ! SAME CONCLUSION3 NONVIOL5CE CANNOT DEF5D ITSELF AGA9/ ! /ATE1 MU* LESS OV]?R[ IT4 ,! PROCLAIM$ P[] ( NONVIOL5CE IS A DELUSION ?AT GIVES ITS PRACTITION]S SAFETY & MORAL CAPITAL TO MAKE UP = AN 9ABILITY TO W94 O ,*APT] #f 3 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,DELUD$ ,NONVIOL5CE IS ,DELUD$ ,W>D ,*UR*ILL HAS >GU$ ?AT PACIFISM IS PA?OLOGICAL4 ,I W\LD SAY ?AT1 AT ! LEA/1 ! ADVANCEM5T ( NONVIOL5CE AS A REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE 9 ! PRES5T CONTEXT IS DEP5D5T ON A NUMB] ( DELUSIONS4 ,:]E TO BEG98 ,(T51 AFT] %[+ ?AT ! VICTORIES ( NONVIOL5CE W]E NOT VICTORIES AT ALL1 EXCEPT = ! /ATE1 ,I HAVE 5C\NT]$ ! SIMPLI/IC C\NT]>GUM5T ?AT BECAUSE SOME P>TICUL> MILITANT /RUGGLE OR ACT ( VIOL5CE WAS UNSUCCESSFUL1 0VIOL5CE0 IS EQUALLY 9EFFECTIVE4 ,I DON'T RECALL EV] HE>+ ANYONE SAY ?AT ! USE ( VIOL5CE 5SURES VICTORY4 ,I HOPE EV]YONE CAN SEE ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 %[+ ! FAILURES ( PACIFI/ VICTORIES & %[+ ! FAILURES ( MILITANT /RUGGLES ?AT NO ONE EV] CLAIM$ AS VICTORIES4 ,IT IS NOT CONTROV]SIAL TO ASS]T ?AT MILITANT SOCIAL MOVEM5TS HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 *ANG+ SOCIETY1 OR EV5 BECOM+ ! PREVAL5T =CE 9 SOCIETY4 ,TO RE/ATE ?AT3 EV]YONE MU/ ADMIT ?AT /RUGGLES US+ A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS 79CLUD+ >M$ /RUGGLE7 CAN SUCCE$4 ,HI/ORY IS FULL ( EXAMPLES3 REVOLUTIONS 9 ,NOR? & ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 ,FRANCE1 ,IREL&1 ,*9A1 ,CUBA1 ,ALG]IA1 ,VIETNAM1 & SO =?4 ,IT IS ALSO NOT T]RIBLY CONTROV]SIAL TO ASS]T ?AT ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN MILITANT MOVEM5TS HAVE SUCCE$$ = A TIME 9 LIB]AT+ >EAS & CREAT+ POSITIVE SOCIAL *ANGES 9 ?OSE >EAS4 ,CASES 9 PO9T 9CLUDE COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> & 9 ,MAKHNO'S ,UKRA9E1 ! AUTONOM\S ZONE 9 ! ,%9M9 ,PROV9CE CREAT$ BY ! ,KOREAN ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION1 & ! TEMPOR>Y BREA?+ ROOM WON = ! ,LAKOTA BY ,CRAZY ,HORSE & HIS W>RIORS4 ,:AT IS DEBATABLE1 TO SOME1 IS :E!R MILITANT MOVEM5TS CAN W9 & SURVIVE 9 ! LONG T]M :ILE REMA9+ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,TO CONV9C+LY >GUE AGA9/ ?IS POSSIBILITY1 PACIFI/S W\LD HAVE TO %[ ?AT US+ VIOL5CE AGA9/ AN AU?ORITY 9EVITABLY MAKES ONE TAKE ON AU?ORIT>IAN *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT PACIFI/S HAVE NOT DONE & CANNOT DO4 ,(T51 PACIFI/S PREF] TO *>ACT]IZE !MSELVES AS RID ! >GUM5TS ( NONVIOL5CE HAVE WITNESS$ ! =MULATION OR ASSUMPTION ?AT NONVIOL5CE IS ! PA? ( ! D$ICAT$ & DISCIPL9$1 & ?AT VIOL5CE IS ! 0EASY WAY \T10 A GIV+ 9 TO BASE EMOTIONS4.<#a#i#c.> ,?IS IS PAT5TLY ABSURD4 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ! EASY WAY \T4 ,PEOPLE :O *OOSE TO COMMIT !MSELVES TO NONVIOL5CE FACE A F> MORE COM=TABLE FUTURE ?AN ?OSE :O *OOSE TO COMMIT !MSELVES TO REVOLUTION4 ,A PRISON] ( ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T TOLD ME 9 CORRESPOND5CE ?AT :5 HE JO9$ ! /RUGGLE 7AS A TE5AG]1 NO LESS71 HE KNEW HE W\LD 5D UP EI!R DEAD OR 9 PRISON4 ,MANY ( HIS COMRADES >E DEAD4 ,= CONT9U+ ! /RUGGLE BEH9D PRISON WALLS1 HE HAS BE5 LOCK$ UP 9 SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T = LONG] ?AN ,I HAVE BE5 ALIVE4 ,COMP>E ?IS ) ! REC5T COM=TABLE1 COMMEMORAT$ DEA?S ( ,DAVID ,DELL+] & ,PHIL ,B]RIGAN4 ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S CAN GIVE !IR LIVES TO !IR CAUSE1 & A FEW HAVE1 BUT1 UNLIKE MILITANT ACTIVI/S1 !Y DO NOT FACE A PO9T ( NO RETURN AFT] :I* !RE IS NO GO+ BACK TO A COM=TABLE LIFE4 ,!Y CAN ALWAYS SAVE !MSELVES BY COMPROMIS+ !IR TOTAL OPPOSITION1 & MO/ DO4 ,ASIDE FROM REFLECT+ AN IGNORANCE ( ! REALITY ( ! DIFF]5T CONSEQU5CES ( C]TA9 POLITICAL ACTIONS1 ! BELIEF ?AT NON-PACIFI/ /RUGGLE IS ! EASY WAY \T IS (T5 T+$ ) RACISM4 ,! AU?ORS ( ! ESSAY 0,:Y ,NONVIOL5CE80 DO !IR BE/ ?R\<\T ! 5TIRE ESSAY TO AVOID M5TION ( RACE1 BUT 9 ! QUE/ION-&-ANSW] SECTION !Y PROVIDE A VEIL$ RESPONSE TO CRITICISMS ?AT PACIFISM IS RACI/ BY PA9T+ 0OPPRESS$ PEOPLE0 7BLACK PEOPLE7 AS ANGRY & IMPULSE-DRIV54 0,Q3 ,DEM&+ NONVIOL5T BEHAVIOR FROM OPPRESS$ PEOPLE T[>D !IR OPPRESSORS IS S5SELESS & UNFAIR6 ,!Y NE$ TO ACT \T !IR ANG]606.<#a#i#d.> ,! AU?ORS' 0ANSW]0 TO ?IS CONTRIV$ CRITICISM ( NONVIOL5CE 9CLUDES MANY ( ! TYPICAL & DELUD$ FALLACIES ALREADY DISCUSS$3 ! AU?ORS C\NSEL PEOPLE :O >E F> MORE OPPRESS$ ?AN !Y >E TO HAVE PATI5CE ) CONDITIONS !Y C\LDN'T POSSIBLY COMPREH5D2 ! AU?ORS ADVISE PEOPLE ( COLOR TO ACT 9 A WAY ?AT IS 05NOBL+ & PRAGMATIC02 ! AU?ORS =E/ALL CRITICISMS ( RACISM BY DROPP+ ! NAME ( A TOK5 P]SON ( COLOR2 & ! AU?ORS CONCLUDE BY TACITLY ?REAT5+ ?AT MILITANT ACTIVISM ON ! P>T ( PEOPLE ( COLOR WILL RESULT 9 AB&ONM5T & BETRAYAL BY P[]FUL :ITE 0ALLIES40 ,TO WIT3 ,AS = UNFAIRNESS1 IF ! OPPRESS$ C\LD WI% IT AWAY1 !Y W\LD NO LONG] BE OPPRESS$4 ,!RE IS NO PA9-FREE ROAD TO LIB]ATION4 ,GIV5 ! 9EVITABILITY ( SUFF]+1 IT IS BO? 5NOBL+ & PRAGMATIC TO PRES5T NONVIOL5T DISCIPL9E & SUFF]+ 7AS DID ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+1 ,JR47 AS IMP]ATIVES4 0,ACT+ \T ANG]0 9 A WAY ?AT CO/S A GR\P ALLIES IS A LUXURY S]I\S MOVEM5TS CANNOT AF=D4.<#a#i#e.> ,PACIFI/S DELUDE !MSELVES 9 ?9K+ ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM AS BE+ IMPULSIVE1 IRRATIONAL1 & COM+ SOLELY FROM 0ANG]40 ,9 FACT1 REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM1 9 SOME ( ITS MANIFE/ATIONS1 HAS A PRON\NC$ 9TELLECTUAL /REAK4 ,AFT] ! ,DETROIT RIOTS ( #a#i#f#g1 A GOV]NM5T COMMISSION F\ND ?AT ! TYPICAL RIOT] 79 ADDITION TO BE+ PR\D ( HIS OR H] RACE & HO/ILE TO :ITE PEOPLE & MIDDLE-CLASS BLACK PEOPLE7 0IS SUB/ANTIALLY BETT] 9=M$ AB\T POLITICS ?AN ,NEGROES :O W]E NOT 9VOLV$ 9 ! RIOTS40.<#a#i#f.> ,GEORGE ,JACKSON $UCAT$ HIMSELF 9 PRISON1 & EMPHASIZ$ 9 HIS WRIT+S ! NE$ = MILITANT BLACK PEOPLE TO /UDY !IR HI/ORICAL RELATION%IP TO !IR OPPRESSORS & LE>N ! 0SCI5TIFIC PR9CIPLES0 ( URBAN GU]RILLA W>F>E4.<#a#i#g.> ,! ,PAN!RS READ ,MAO1 ,KWAME ,NKRUMAH1 & ,FRANTZ ,FANON1 & REQUIR$ NEW MEMB]S TO $UCATE !MSELVES ON ! POLITICAL !ORIES BEH9D !IR REVOLUTION4.<#a#i#h.> ,:5 HE WAS F9ALLY CAPTUR$ & BR\Y ,NEW ,AFRIKAN AN>*I/ ,KUWASI ,BALAGOON REJECT$ ! C\RT'S LEGITIMACY & PROCLAIM$ ! RIN VOLUMES FROM3 ,BE=E BECOM+ A CL&E/9E REVOLUTION>Y I WAS A T5ANT ORGANIZ] & WAS >RE/$ = M5AC+ A #bg P\ND COLONIAL BUILD+ SUP]9T5D5T ) A MA*ETE1 :O PHYSICALLY /OPP$ ! DELIV]Y ( OIL TO A BUILD+ I DIDN'T LIVE 91 BUT HAD HELP$ TO ORGANIZE4 ,BE+ AN ORGANIZ] = ! ,COMMUNITY ,C\NCIL ON ,H\S+ I TOOK P>T 9 NOT ONLY ORGANIZ+ R5T /RIKES1 BUT PRESS$ SLUMLORDS TO MAKE REPAIRS & MA9TA9 HEAT & HOT WAT]1 KILL$ RATS1 REPRES5T$ T5ANTS 9 C\RT1 /OPP$ ILLEGAL EVICTIONS1 FAC$ (F ,CITY ,M>%ALS1 HELP$ TURN R5TS 9TO REPAIR RES\RCES & COLLECTIVE [N]%IP BY T5ANTS & DEMON/RAT$ :5EV] ! NE$S ( T5ANTS W]E AT /AKE4444,!N I BEGAN TO REALIZE ?AT ) ALL ?IS EF=T1 WE C\LDN'T PUT A D5T 9 ! PROBLEM444 ,LEGAL RITUALS HAVE NO EFFECT ON ! HI/ORIC PROCESS ( >M$ /RUGGLE BY OPPRESS$ NATIONS4 ,! W> WILL CONT9UE & 9T5SIFY1 & AS = ME1 ,I'D RA!R BE 9 JAIL OR 9 ! GRAVE ?AN DO ANY?+ O!R ?AN FIE COLONIALIZ$ )9 ! PRES5T CONF9ES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AS ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN & ,MEXICANO ,NATIONS >E COLONIALIZ$ )9 AS WELL AS \TSIDE ! PRES5T CONF9ES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,WE HAVE A RIMS1 TO KILL ! 5EMY ( \R PEOPLE1 TO BOMB & DO :ATEV] ELSE AIDS US 9 W9N+1 & WE WILL W94.<#a#i#i.> ,9 COMP>ISON1 ! /RATEGIC & TACTICAL ANALYSIS ( NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM IS RA!R SIMPLI/IC1 R>ELY RIS+ ABOVE ! REGURGITATION ( HACKNEY$ CLI*ES & MORALI/IC TRUISMS4 ,! AM\NT ( /UDI\S PREP>ATIONS REQUIR$ TO SUCCESSFULLY C>RY \T MILITANT ACTIONS1 COMP>$ ) ! AM\NT REQUIR$ = NONVIOL5T ACTIONS1 ALSO CONTRADICTS ! P]CEPTION ?AT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM IS IMPULSIVE4 ,PEOPLE WILL+ TO ACKN[L$GE ! VIOL5CE ( REVOLUTION -- IT IS MISLEAD+ TO TALK AB\T *OOS+ VIOL5CE BECAUSE VIOL5CE IS 9H]5T 9 SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! OPPRESSIVE /ATUS QUO ?AT PREC$ES IT1 :E!R WE USE VIOL5T MEANS OR NOT -- >E MORE LIKELY TO UND]/& ! SACRIFICES 9VOLV$4 ,ANY KN[L$GE ( :AT REVOLUTION>IES PREP>E !MSELVES = & GO ?R\< DEMON/RATES ! CRUELLY IGNORANT F>CE1 ( ! PACIFI/ PROCLAMATION ?AT REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE IS IMPULSIVE4 ,AS ALREADY M5TION$1 ! WRIT+S ( ,FRANTZ ,FANON W]E AMONG ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL = BLACK REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DUR+ ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,! LA/ *APT] ( HIS BOOK ,! ,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>? DEALS 5TIRELY ) 0COLONIAL W> & M5TAL DISORD]S10 ) ! PSY*OLOGICAL TRAUMA 9CURR$ AS A MATT] ( C\RSE FROM COLONIALISM & ! 0TOTAL W>0 WAG$ BY ! ,FR5* AGA9/ ! ,ALG]IAN FRE$OM FI7A W>1 ,I %\LD NOTE1 ?AT MAKES UP A L>GE P>T ( ! TEXTBOOK US$ BY ! ,U,S 9 C\NT]9SURG5CY W>F>E & W>S ( OCCUPATION UP TO ! PRES5T MOM5T74 ,PEOPLE :O FIE GETT+ 9TO1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! HORROR ( !SE ?+S CAN BE KN[N4 ,BUT DO PACIFI/S8 ,A FUR!R DELUSION 7EXPRESS$ BY PACIFI/S :O WANT TO APPE> MILITANT & P[]FUL7 IS ?AT PACIFI/S DO FIMS IS NOT FI ,9 A SITUATION 9VOLV+ A BULLY OR A C5TRALIZ$ P[] APP>ATUS1 PHYSICALLY FIE TO F5CE 9 MILITANT GR\PS SU* AS ! BLACK BLOC & SUBJECT !M ALL TO MASS >RE/4.<#b#b.> ,! COPS KN[ ?AT !Y'LL NE$ ONE OR TWO COPS = EV]Y PROTE/] & ?AT SOME ( !M >E GO+ TO 5D UP BADLY HURT4 ,! PEACEFUL1 ON ! O!R H&1 CAN BE B>RICAD$ 9 BY A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMB] ( COPS1 :O CAN !N GO 9TO ! CR[D AT !IR LEISURE & C>RY (F ! LIMP PROTE/]S ONE BY ONE4 ,PALE/9E IS ANO!R EXAMPLE4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! ,PALE/9IANS >E AN 9CONV5I5CE TO ! ,ISRAELI /ATE1 & ?AT ! ,ISRAELI /ATE HAS NO CONC]N = ! WELL-BE+ ( ! ,PALE/9IANS4 ,IF ! ,PALE/9IANS HADN'T MADE ! ,ISRAELI OCCUPATION & EV]Y SUCCESSIVE AGGRESSION SO CO/LY1 ALL ! ,PALE/9IAN L& W\LD BE SEIZ$1 EXCEPT = A FEW RES]VATIONS TO HOLD ! NECESS>Y NUMB] ( SURPLUS LABOR]S TO SUPPLEM5T ! ,ISRAELI ECONOMY1 & ! ,PALE/9IANS W\LD BE A DI/ANTMEMORY 9 A LONG L9E ( EXT9CT PEOPLES4 ,PALE/9IAN RESI/ANCE1 9CLUD+ SUICIDE BOMB+S1 HAS HELP$ 5SURE ,PALE/9IAN SURVIVAL AGA9/ A F> MORE P[]FUL 5EMY4 ,NONVIOL5CE FUR!R DELUDES ITSELF & ITS CONV]TS ) ! TRUISM 0,SOCIETY HAS ALWAYS BE5 VIOL5T4 ,IT IS NONVIOL5CE ?AT IS REVOLUTION>Y40.<#b#c.> ,9 PRACTICE1 \R SOCIETY HONORS & COMMEMORATES BO? PRO-/ATE VIOL5CE & RESPECTABLE1 DISSID5T PACIFISM4 ,! V]Y ACTIVI/ :O CLAIM$ ?AT \R SOCIETY IS ALREADY PRO-VIOL5CE CAN DROP ! NAME ( ,LEON ,CZOLGOSZ 7! AN>*I/ :O ASSASS9AT$ ,PRESID5T ,MC,K9LEY7 9 A GUE/ OP-$ 9 ! LOCAL CORPORATE NEWSPAP] & KN[ ?AT A MA9/REAM AUDI5CE WILL RESPOND TO ?AT VIOL5T P]SONAGE ) CONDEMNATION4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! SAME ACTIVI/ REF]5CES PACIFI/S LIKE ,K+ & ,G&HI TO GIVE HIS BELIEFS AN AURA ( RESPECTABILITY 9 ! MA9/REAM EYE4.<#b#d.> ,IF SOCIETY IS ALREADY 9 FAVOR ( VIOL5CE ACROSS ! BO>D1 & PACIFISM IS REVOLUTION>Y 5\< TO FUNDAM5TALLY *ALL5GE \R SOCIETY & ITS +RA9$ OPPRESSIONS1 :Y DOES ,CZOLGOSZ W>RANT HATR$ :ILE ,G&HI W>RANTS APPROVAL8 ,PACIFI/S ALSO H>BOR DELUSIONS AB\T ! DEC5CY ( ! /ATE &1 SUBCONSCI\SLY1 AB\T ! AM\NT ( PROTECTION !IR PRIVILEGES WILL AF=D !M4 ,/UD5TS LEAD+ ! OCCUPATION ( ,TIANANM5 ,SQU>E 9 0,AUTONOM\S ,BEIJ+0 ?\Y0 GOV]NM5T W\LD NOT OP5 FIRE ON !M IF !Y REMA9$ A PEACEFUL1 LOYAL OPPOSITION4 0,! /UD5TS' NE>LY COMPLETE MISUND]/&+ ( ! NATURE ( LEGITIMACY UND] BUREAUCRATIC P[] & ! ILLUSION ?AT ! ,P>TY C\LD BE NEGOTIAT$ )1 LEFT !M DEF5SELESS BO? 9 T]MS ( ! !ORETICAL MEANS ( DESCRIB+ !IR UND]TAK+ & 9 REG>DS TO ! N>R[ PRACTICE ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE IT L$ !M TO ADOPT40.<#b#e.> ,?US1 :5 ! /UD5TS :O HAD PUT !MSELVES 9 CONTROL ( ! MOVEM5T REFUS$ TO >M !MSELVES 7UNLIKE MANY 9 ! WORK+-CLASS SUBURBS1 :O W]E LESS $UCAT$ & MORE 9TELLIG5T71 ! :OLE MOVEM5T WAS VULN]ABLE1 & ,AUTONOM\S ,BEIJ+ WAS CRU%$ BY ! TANKS ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,LIB]ATION ,>MY4 ,! /UD5TS AT ,K5T ,/ATE W]E SIMIL>LY %OCK$1 EV5 AS ! SAME GOV]NM5T ?AT KILL$ A PALTRY NUMB] ( !M WAS MASSACR+ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE 9 ,9DO*9A )\T CONSEQU5CE OR HESITATION4 ,9 ! 5D1 NONVIOL5CE HAS ALL ! 9TELLECTUAL DEP? ( A M$IA S\ND BITE4 ,PACIFISM REQUIRES A V]Y VAGUE1 BROAD1 LOAD$1 & NON-ANALYTICAL T]M -- VIOL5CE -- TO TAKE ON A SCI5TIFIC PRECISION4 ,AFT] ALL1 NOT RACISM1 NOT SEXISM1 NOT HOMOPHOBIA1 NOT AU?ORIT>IANISM1 BUT VIOL5CE1 MU/ BE ! CRITICAL AXIS ( \R ACTIONS4 ,:Y W\LD WE TAKE PL$GES ( ANTI-RACISM BE=E A M>*1 OR MAKE P>TICIPATION 9 A MOVEM5T CONT+5T ON BE+ RESPECTFUL ( WOM51 QUE] PEOPLE1 & TRANS PEOPLE1 :5 WE CAN TAKE F> LESS DIVISIVE PL$GES ( NONVIOL5CE8 ,! LIKELIHOOD ?AT MO/ SUPPORT]S ( NONVIOL5CE CODES HAVE NEV] EV5 ASK$ ?IS QUE/ION GOES A LONG WAY T[>D DEMON/RAT+ ! LIMITATION ( PACIFI/ ?9K+4 ,SO PACIFI/S IGNORE REAL DIVISIONS SU* AS :ITE PRIVILEGE & 9/EAD MAKE BASELESS & POT5TIALLY RACI/_/CLASSI/ DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 CUTT+ A LOCK DUR+ A PRE-ANN\NC$ DEMON/RATION SO ?AT PROTE/]S CAN CONDUCT A DIE-9 ON A MILIT>Y BASE & SMA%+ A W9D[ UND] COV] ( A RIOT SO ?AT A E ( H] FAMILY4 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 PACIFI/S DO NOT MAKE ! CRITICAL DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! /RUCTURAL1 9/ITUTIONAL1 & SY/EMICALLY P]MITT$ P]SONAL VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE 7! /ATE BE+ UND]/OOD 9 A BROAD S5SE TO 9CLUDE ! FUNCTIONS ( ! ECONOMY & PATRI>*Y7 & ! 9DIVIDUALIZ$ SOCIAL VIOL5CE ( ! 0CRIM9AL0 SORT OR COLLECTIVE SOCIAL VIOL5CE ( ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 SORT1 AIM$ AT DE/ROY+ ! F> GREAT] VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE4 ,PRET5D+ ?AT ALL VIOL5CE IS ! SAME IS V]Y CONV5I5T = SUPPOS$LY ANTI-VIOL5CE PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE :O B5EFIT FROM ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE & HAVE MU* TO LOSE FROM ! VIOL5CE ( REVOLUTION4 ,SNEAK+ ONTO A MILIT>Y BASE1 P\R+ ONE'S BLOOD ON ?+S1 & HAMM]+ MISSILES1 WE >E TOLD1 IS NONVIOL5T1 BUT BL[+ UP ! ,LITTON ,SY/EMS PLANT 7:]E CRUISE MISSILE COMPON5TS W]E MADE7 W\LD HAVE BE5 VIOL5T EV5 IF NO ONE HAD BE5 9JUR$4 ,:Y8 ,! USUAL RESPONSE IS EI!R ?AT A BOMB ?REAT5S PEOPLE1 :]EAS OLD :ITE NUNS ) HAMM]S DO NOT1 OR ?AT :5 ACTIVI/S USE A BOMB1 !Y CANNOT 5SURE ?AT PEOPLE WILL NOT GET HURT4 ,! FIR/ >GUM5T IGNORES TWO FACTS3 :AT IS CONSID]$ ?REAT5+ IS L>GELY DET]M9$ BY PREEXI/+ PREJUDICES AGA9/ C]TA9 RACES & CLASSES1 & TO ! MAJORITY ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION \TSIDE ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 A NONFUNCTION+ MISSILE IS F> LESS ?REAT5+ ?AN A FUNCTION+ MISSILE1 NO MATT] H[ MANY BOMBS HAD TO BL[ UP 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? TO A*IEVE ?AT 5D4 ,!RE IS C]TA9LY NO D\BT ?AT BOMB+ CAN DE/ROY MISSILES BETT] ?AN HAMM]+4 ,! SECOND >GUM5T1 AS ,I HAVE NOT$1 IGNORES ! POSSIBILITY ( VICTIMS \TSIDE ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,A BOMB 5SURES ?AT A FACTORY WILL NOT BE ABLE TO PRODUCE MISSILES F> BETT] ?AN A HAMM] DOES1 & MISSILES 9 ! POSSESSION ( IMP]IALI/ /ATES KILL F> MORE PEOPLE ?AN BOMBS 7OR HAMM]S7 9 ! POSSESSION ( URBAN GU]RILLA GR\PS4 ,BUT ?IS CONSID]ATION IS SO F> FROM ! M9DS ( PACIFI/S ?AT ! NUNS TO :OM ,I ALLUDE BAS$ MU* ( !IR TRIAL DEF5SE ON ! CONT5TION ?AT !Y HAD NOT CAUS$ ANY REAL DAMAGE1 ONLY SYMBOLIC DAMAGE1 TO ! MISSILE FACILITY !Y HAD 9FILTRAT$4.<#b#f.> ,CAN !Y EV5 TRULY BE CONSID]$ NONVIOL5T1 AFT] DELIB]ATELY WA/+ AN OPPORTUNITY TO DECOMMISSION A MAJOR 9/RUM5T ( W>F>E8 ,AT A WORK%OP ,I GAVE ON ! FLAWS ( NONVIOL5CE1 ,I CONDUCT$ A LITTLE EX]CISE TO DEMON/RATE H[ VAGUE ?IS IDEA ( VIOL5CE ACTUALLY IS4 ,I ASK$ ! P>TICIPANTS1 :O 9CLUD$ SUPPORT]S ( NONVIOL5CE & SUPPORT]S ( A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 TO /& UP &1 AS ,I SL[LY READ A LI/ ( V>I\S ACTIONS1 TO WALK TO ONE SPOT IF !Y CONSID]$ ! ACTION VIOL5T1 & TO ANO!R SPOT IF !Y CONSID]$ ! ACTION NONVIOL5T4 ,! ACTIONS 9CLUD$ SU* ?+S AS BUY+ CLO!S MADE 9 A SWEAT%OP1 EAT+ MEAT1 A WOLF KILL+ A DE]1 KILL+ SOMEONE :O IS AB\T TO DETONATE A BOMB 9 A CR[D1 & SO ON4 ,ALMO/ NEV] WAS !RE P]FECT AGREEM5T AMONG ! P>TICIPANTS1 & SEV]AL ( ! ACTIONS ?AT !Y CONSID]$ VIOL5T !Y ALSO CONSID]$ MORAL1 :ILE SOME ALSO CONSID]$ C]TA9 NONVIOL5T ACTIONS TO BE IMMORAL4 ,! CONCLUD+ LESSON ( ! EX]CISE3 ,DOES IT REALLY MAKE S5SE TO BASE SO MU* ( \R /RATEGY1 \R ALLIANCES1 & \R 9VOLVEM5T 9 ACTIVISM ON A CONCEPT ?AT IS SO BLURRY ?AT NO TWO PEOPLE CAN REALLY AGREE ON :AT IT MEANS8 ,EF=TS TO ACTUALLY DEF9E VIOL5CE LEAD TO TWO \TCOMES4 ,EI!R VIOL5CE IS DEF9$ LIT]ALLY AS SOME?+ ?AT CAUSES PA9 OR FE>1 & IT CANNOT BE CONSID]$ AN IMMORAL ?+ BECAUSE IT 9CLUDES NATURAL ACTIVITIES SU* AS GIV+ BIR? OR EAT+ O!R LIV+ BE+S TO /AY ALIVE1 OR VIOL5CE IS DEF9$ ) A MORAL CONC]N = \TCOMES1 9 :I* CASE 9ACTION OR BE+ 9EFFECTIVE 9 ! FACE ( A GREAT] VIOL5CE MU/ ALSO BE CONSID]$ VIOL5T4.<#b#g.> ,EI!R DEF9ITION EXCLUDES NONVIOL5CE -- ! FIR/ BECAUSE VIOL5CE IS 9EVITABLE & NORMAL1 & ! SECOND BECAUSE NONVIOL5CE MU/ BE CONSID]$ VIOL5T IF IT FAILS TO 5D A SY/EM ( VIOL5CE1 & ALSO BECAUSE ALL PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE MU/ BE CONSID]$ COMPLICIT 9 VIOL5CE :E!R OR NOT !Y CONSID] !MSELVES PACIFI/S4 ,BUT PACIFI/S /ILL DELUDE !MSELVES 9TO ?9K+ ?AT VIOL5CE IS SUFFICI5TLY DEF9$ ?AT WE CAN PRET5D ! USE ( VIOL5CE HAS C]TA91 9EVITABLE PSY*OLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES4 ,TODD ,ALL9 ,MORMAN1 WRIT+ 9 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 DRAWS ON ,]I* ,FROMM TO MAKE A TIDY DI/9CTION BETWE5 0RATIONAL AU?ORITY0 & 0IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY40 ,MORMAN ASS]TS ?AT 0AN>*ISM IS AGA9/ ALL =MS ( IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY & FAVORS RATIONAL AU?ORITY 9 ITS PLACE40.<#b#h.> ,IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY IS BAS$ ON HOLD+ P[] OV] PEOPLE1 :ILE RATIONAL AU?ORITY IS DEF9$ AS 9FLU5CE VOLUNT>ILY GRANT$ ON ! BASIS ( EXP]I5CE & COMPET5CE4 0.<,I.>T IS IMPOSSIBLE TO EMPLOY VIOL5CE TO PROMOTE A HI<] AN>*I/ ORD] BECAUSE VIOL5CE NECESS>ILY REPRODUCES PSY*OLOGICAL ATTITUDES ?AT >E ANTI!TICAL TO ! 5DS ( AN>*I/ REVOLUTION40 ,QUITE TYPICALLY1 HE >GUES ?AT WE %\LD GO 9TO REVOLUTION PEACEFULLY1 BECAUSE IF WE DO NOT1 WE WILL ONLY 0RECON/ITUT. ! /ATE 9 A NEW444=M40 ,BUT :Y IS IT POSSIBLE TO /OP BE+ VIOL5T N[1 BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 BUT NOT AFT]W>DS6 ,:Y >E WE TOLD ?AT WE W\LD 9EVITABLY & P[]LESSLY BECOME AU?ORIT>IAN AFT] A VIOL5T REVOLUTION1 EV5 AS WE >E 5C\RAG$ TO BREAK ! PSY*OLOGICAL PATT]NS ( \R VIOL5T SOCIETY & =SWE> MILITANT /RUGGLE6 ,MORMAN DOES NOT ANSW] H[ HE CAN SEE HUMANS DET]M9I/ICALLY AT ! 5D ( A S5T5CE1 :ILE TREAT+ HUMANS AS FREE AG5TS 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! SAME S5T5CE4 ,I SUSPECT IT IS BECAUSE ACADEMICS LIKE ,MORMAN >E AFRAID ( :AT W\LD HAPP5 TO !M IF !Y DID NOT GIVE UP MILITANT REVOLUTION 7:I* IS TO GIVE UP ON REVOLUTION AS A :OLE72 9/EAD1 !Y PREF] TO ASS]T !IR 0RATIONAL AU?ORITY0 & PRET5D !Y >E CONTRIBUT+ TO A PROCESS ?AT WILL SOMEH[ MAKE ! /ATE OBSOLETE4 ,( C\RSE1 \R MAJOR !ORETICAL CONTRIBUTION AS AN>*I/S IS ?AT ! /ATE WAS OBSOLETE FROM ITS 9CEPTION1 BUT IT HOLDS & GA9S P[] NONE!LESS4 ,FROMM'S SYLLOGISM1 OR AT LEA/ ,MORMAN'S 9T]PRETATION !RE(1 MISSES ! PO9T ?AT TO AN 0IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY10 0RATIONAL AU?ORITY0 IS IRRELEVANT1 MEAN+LESS1 & P[]LESS4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT IT W\LD BE MU* EASI] TO 5D ! PSY*OLOGICAL PATT]NS ( VIOL5CE & DOM9ATION ONCE WE HAD DE/ROY$ ! SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 POLITICAL BODIES1 & ECONOMIC /RUCTURES SPECIFICALLY CON/ITUT$ TO P]PETUATE CO]CIVE DOM9ATION4 ,BUT PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE BOLDLY S\ND ! CALL TO RETREAT1 DECL>+ ?AT WE %\LD TREAT ! SYMPTOMS :ILE ! DISEASE IS FREE TO SPREAD ITSELF1 DEF5D ITSELF1 & VOTE ITSELF PAY RAISES4 ,MORMAN SAYS1 0,VIOL5CE IS ONLY CAPABLE ( ATTACK+ ! PHYSICAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT P]PETUATE ! /ATE4 ,ONE CANNOT KILL !SE SOCIAL RELATIONS BY A PHYSICAL ASSAULT40.<#b#i.> ,LEAV+ ASIDE ! FACT ?AT ?IS PO9T IS BLATANTLY FALSE 9 RELATION TO 9DIG5\S CULTURES' FIR[ ,EUROC5TRISM & FOCUS ON SOCIETIES 9 :I* OPPRESSOR & OPPRESS$ BELONG TO ! SAME NATION OR CULTURE4 ,HE HAS JU/ E/ABLI%$ ?AT VIOL5CE CAN DE/ROY ! PHYSICAL BUT NOT ! PSY*OLOGICAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( OPPRESSION4 ,ANY REASONABLE P]SON W\LD PROCE$ BY RECOMM5D+ A REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ?AT CONTA9S BO? DE/RUCTIVE & CREATIVE ACTIVITIES -- VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS & !IR MA*9]Y ACCOMPANI$ BY SIMULTANE\S C>ETAK+ & HEAL+ ( ONE'S COMMUNITY4 ,MORMAN & ! ?\S&S ( PACIFI/S :O ?9K LIKE HIM 9/EAD DECL>E ?AT WE %\LD FOCUS ON PSY*OLOGICAL LIB]ATION :ILE AVOID+ PHYSICAL /RUGGLE4 ,H[ !Y FAIL TO SEE ! CONCOMITANT P>ALLEL TO ! >GUM5T !Y HAVE JU/ MADE1 ?AT PSY*OLOGICAL ACTIONS CANNOT DE/ROY ! PHYSICAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! /ATE1 IS BAFFL+4 ,P]HAPS !Y BELIEVE ?AT ! SOCIAL RELATION%IPS ( OPPRESSION >E 9DEP5D5T & CREATE ! PHYSICAL /RUCTURES ( OPPRESSION \T ( :OLE CLO?1 BUT ?IS IS SIMPLI/IC4 ,! SOCIAL RELATION%IPS & PHYSICAL /RUCTURES CANNOT BE FULLY SEP>AT$ 79 REALITY1 RA!R ?AN 9 PHILOSOPHY1 = !SE T]MS >E ONLY ANALYTICAL DEVICES ?AT MAKE IT EASI] TO TALK AB\T DIFF]5T ASPECTS ( ! SAME ?+71 & !Y CLE>LY EVOLVE 9 T&EM4 ,PHYSICAL /RUCTURES & SOCIAL RELATION%IPS >E MUTUALLY DEP5D5T1 & MUTUALLY RE9=C+4 ,MORMAN ALSO HOLDS ON TO A TOTALIT>IAN IDEA ( REVOLUTION4 0,! REVOLUTION>Y IS PROMOT+ ONE SET ( SOCIAL RELATIONS & DE/ROY+ OLD ONES1 NOT BY TEA*+1 EXAMPLE1 OR WELL-REASON$ >GUM5T1 BUT BY P[]1 FE>1 & 9TIMIDATION3 ! BUTTRESSES ( IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY40.<#b#a.> ,?IS >GUM5T SUGGE/S ?AT A NON-PACIFI/ REVOLUTION MU/ BE WAG$ AGA9/ PEOPLE :O >E PHILOSOPHICALLY DEVIANT OR POLITICALLY 9CORRECT -- PEOPLE :O BELIEVE ! WRONG ?+S 7?IS IS H[ A POLITICAL P>TY VIEWS REVOLUTION74 ,BUT !RE IS MORE ?AN ONE AXIS = LIB]ATION /RUGGLE4 ,IT CAN BE CULTURAL1 TO FITIES ?AT HAVE TAK5 ON ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ?AT COLONIZ] 7AS DESCRIB$ BY ,FANON71 OR IT CAN BE /RUCTURAL1 TO DE/ROY C5TRALIZ$ P[] /RUCTURES & HI]>*ICAL 9/ITUTIONS )\T T>GET+ ANY ACTUAL PEOPLE1 O!R ?AN ?OSE :O *OOSE TO FIE PHILOSOPHICALLY CAPITALI/ NE$ NOT BE PURG$ OR 9TIMIDAT$ ) IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY4 ,LACK+ A MILIT>Y APP>ATUS TO IMPLEM5T CAPITALISM OR A POLICE APP>ATUS TO PROTECT IT1 !Y -- AS PEOPLE -- >E QUITE H>MLESS1 & WILL EI!R LE>N TO DO SOME?+ CREATIVE ) !IR LIVES OR />VE TO DEA? )\T REALIZ+ ?AT !Y CAN NO LONG] PAY SOMEONE TO SLAVE = !M4 ,MORMAN'S TYPICAL PACIFI/-AN>*I/ CON/RUCTION RELIES ON A ,EUROC5TRIC1 POLITICAL VISION ( REVOLUTION1 9 :I* A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY SEIZES P[] & 5=CES ITS VISION ( FRE$OM ON EV]YONE ELSE 9 ! SOCIETY ?R\< SOME C5TRALIZ$ APP>ATUS4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS SOCIETY ITSELF -- AS IT /&S N[1 AN >TIFICIAL B9D+ TOGE!R ( PEOPLE ) NO NON-CO]C$ COMMON 9T]E/S 9 WORK+ TOGE!R -- ?AT NE$S TO BE DE/ROY$4 ,A MILITANT REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T CAN DE/ROY ! C5TRAL GRAVITY ( GOV]NM5T ?AT HOLDS TOGE!R MASS POLITIES 9 A S+LE NATION-/ATE4 ,AFT] ?AT PO9T1 WE WILL NOT NE$ SOME RATIONAL1 0WELL-REASON$0 IDEOLOGY TO HOLD EV]YONE TOGE!R1 BECAUSE SOCIETIES WILL DIVIDE 9TO SMALL]1 ORGANIC UNITS4 ,REVOLUTION>IES WILL NOT NE$ TO USE VIOL5CE TO CONV9CE EV]YONE TO BEHAVE 9 A C]TA9 WAY BECAUSE !RE WILL BE NO NE$ = CON=MITY ACROSS AN 5TIRE C\NTRY4 ,MORMAN'S REASON+ IS ALSO BAS$ ON ,WE/]N CULTURAL ASSUMPTIONS ?AT FAIL TO APPRECIATE ANY REASON = VIOL5CE NOT 9 ! S]VICE ( DOM9ATION4 ,!SE ASSUMPTIONS HAVE MU* TO DO ) ! 9H]5T TOTALIT>IANISM ( ,WE/]N CULTURE 7:I* IS ALSO EVID5T 9 ! /ATI/ 9CL9ATIONS ( PACIFISM1 PRIVILEG+ /ATE VIOL5CE :ILE ACTIVELY O/RACIZ+ ! VIOL5CE ( REBELLION74 ,! IDEA ?AT ! USE ( 0VIOL5CE0 AUTOMATICALLY CON/ITUTES AN IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY DOES NOT MAKE S5SE FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( CULTURAL VALUES ?AT DO NOT NECESS>ILY PORTRAY VIOL5CE AS A TOOL 9 ! S]VICE ( DOM9ATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,M&E1 ,MANGALA ! CREATOR KILL$ ,F>R[ AS A SACRIFICE 9 ORD] TO SAVE :AT WAS LEFT ( CREATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ,GREEK MY?OLOGY1 ,CRONUS TRI$ TO KILL HIS SON1 & LAT] ,ZEUS DEV\R$ HIS LOV]1 ,METIS1 TO MA9TA9 !IR P[]4 ,?IS DYNAMIC IS A PATT]N ?R\<\T ,WE/]N MY?OLOGIES4 ,! USE ( VIOL5CE IS EI!R CALCULAT$1 TO W9 P[] & CO]CIVE CONTROL1 OR IMPASSION$1 9 :I* CASE ! MOTIVATION IS NE>LY ALWAYS JEAL\SY BORN \T ( ! DESIRE TO POSSESS ANO!R BE+4 ,!SE PATT]NS >E NOT UNIV]SAL TO ALL CULTURES4 ,!Y >E ALSO NOT UNIV]SAL TO ALL SITUATIONS4 ,COLLECTIVE1 COORD9AT$ VIOL5CE TO E/ABLI% & 5=CE A NEW SET ( SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT MU/ BE PRES]V$ ?R\< VIOL5CE1 OR REVOLUTION BY WAY ( TAK+ OV] C5TRALIZ$ 9/ITUTIONS1 DOES CON/ITUTE ! CREATION OR PRES]VATION ( A CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 ,BUT !SE >E NOT ! ONLY TWO OPTIONS = SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY SE5 ,FRANTZ ,FANON DESCRIBE VIOL5CE AS A 0CLEANS+ =CE0 :5 US$ BY PEOPLE GR\ND D[N & DEHUMANIZ$ BY COLONIZATION TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES4 7,& ! DYNAMICS ( COLONIALISM APPLY TODAY TO 9DIG5\S POPULATIONS1 TO \TRIEAS FROM ,KURDI/AN TO ,IRAQ1 :ILE SIMIL> DYNAMICS APPLY TO ! POPULATIONS ( ! NEOCOLONIES ( ,AFRICA1 ,ASIA1 & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 & TO ! 09T]NAL COLONIES0 DESC5D$ FROM SLAVE POPULATIONS 9 ! ,U,S4 ,9 %ORT1 !SE DYNAMICS /ILL APPLY TO HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE & >E NOT AT ALL OBSOLETE47 ,FANON AID$ ! ,F,L,N 7,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT7 9 ,ALG]IA & WORK$ 9 A PSY*IATRIC HOSPITAL1 SPECIALIZ+ 9 ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! COLONIZ$ & ! PSY*OLOGICAL EFFECTS ( !IR LIB]ATION /RUGGLES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 HE IS SOME:AT BETT] POSITION$ ?AN ,]I* ,FROMM TO EVALUATE ! PSY*OLOGY ( VIOL5CE 9 PURSUIT ( LIB]ATION FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( ! MAJORITY ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION -- NOT ! VANTAGE ( AN $UCAT$ POLITICAL P>TY SEEK+ TO REMAKE ! WORLD 9 ITS IMAGE1 BUT ! VANTAGE ( PEOPLE SUBJUGAT$ TO A SY/EM SO VIOL5T ?AT !Y CAN EI!R =CEFULLY FI ,TO ADD TO :AT IS BECOM+ A LONG LI/1 NONVIOL5CE IS DELUD$ 9 REPEAT+ ?AT MEANS DET]M9E 5DS1 AS ?\< NEV] BE=E HAS A TRANS=MATION OCCURR$9 :I* 5D CONDITIONS W]E FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! MEANS ?AT BR\ 9 #a#h#f#f1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,LAKOTA DID NOT DESC5D 9TO AN ORGY ( VIOL5CE BECAUSE !Y HAD COMMITT$ SOME MORAL_/PSY*OLOGICAL TRANSGRESSION BY KILL+ :ITE SOLDI]S4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y 5JOY$ NE>LY A DECADE ( RELATIVE PEACE & AUTONOMY UNTIL ,CU/] 9VAD$ ! ,BLACK ,HILLS TO F9D GOLD4.<#b#a#b.> ,BUT 9/EAD ( FITT+ ! MEANS 7\R TACTICS7 TO ! SITUATION WE FACE1 WE >E SUPPOS$ TO MAKE \R DECISIONS BAS$ ON CONDITIONS ?AT >E NOT EV5 PRES5T1 ACT+ AS ?\< ! REVOLUTION HAS ALREADY OCCURR$ & WE LIVE 9 ?AT BETT] WORLD4.<#b#a#c.> ,?IS :OLESALE R5UNCIATION ( /RATEGY =GETS ?AT NEI!R ( ! LAUD$ FIGUREHEADS ( NONVIOL5CE1 ,G&HI & ,K+1 BELIEV$ ?AT PACIFISM WAS A UNIV]SALLY APPLICABLE PANACEA4 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 ACKN[L$G$ ?AT 0.<,T.>HOSE :O MAKE PEACEFUL REVOLUTION IMPOSSIBLE ONLY MAKE VIOL5T REVOLUTION 9EVITABLE40.<#b#a#d.> ,GIV5 ! 9CREAS$ CONSOLIDATION ( ! M$IA 7! PRESUM$ ALLY & MORALIZ+ TOOL ( ! NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/.<#b#a#e.>7 & ! 9CREAS$ REPRESSIVE P[]S ( ! GOV]NM5T1 CAN WE REALLY BELIEVE ?AT A PACIFI/ MOVEM5T C\LD OV]COME ! GOV]NM5T ON A MATT] :]E COMPROMISE WAS UNACCEPTABLE TO RUL+ 9T]E/S8 ,CLOS+ \T ! LI/ ( COMMON DELUSIONS IS ! ALL-TOO-FREQU5T CLAIM ?AT VIOL5CE ALI5ATES PEOPLE4 ,?IS IS GL>+LY FALSE4 ,VIOL5T VIDEO GAMES & VIOL5T MOVIES >E ! MO/ POPUL>4 ,EV5 BLATANTLY FALSE W>S W9 ! SUPPORT ( AT LEA/ HALF ! POPULATION1 (T5 ) ! COMM5T>Y ?AT ! ,U,S MILIT>Y IS TOO HUMANE & RE/RA9$ TO ITS 5EMIES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 SELF-RIE ALI5AT+ TO ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE :O DON'T P>TICIPATE1 :O HURRY BY & SMIRK TO !MSELVES4 ,VOT+ IS ALI5AT+ = ! MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O KN[ BETT] ?AN TO P>TICIPATE & TO SOME ( ! MANY PEOPLE :O P>TICIPATE = LACK ( BETT] OPTIONS4 ,%[+ A SUPPOS$ 0LOVE0 = 0?Y 5EMY0 IS ALI5AT+ TO PEOPLE :O KN[ ?AT LOVE IS SOME?+ DEEP]1 MORE 9TIMATE1 ?AN A SUP]FICIAL SMILEY FACE TO BE GIV5 \T TO SIX BILLION /RANG]S SIMULTANE\SLY4.<#b#a#f.> ,PACIFISM IS ALSO ALI5AT+ TO ! MILLIONS ( L[]-CLASS ,AM]ICANS :O SIL5TLY *E] EV]Y TIME A COP OR 7ESPECIALLY7 F$]AL AG5T GETS KILL$4.<#b#a#g.> ,! REAL QUE/ION IS :O IS ALI5AT$ BY VIOL5CE1 & BY :AT K9D ( VIOL5CE8 ,ONE AN>*I/ WRITES3 .<,E.>V5 IF !Y W]E1 :O C>ES IF ! MIDDLE & UPP] CLASSES >E ALI5AT$ BY VIOL5CE8 ,!Y ALREADY HAD !IR VIOL5T REVOLUTION & WE'RE LIV+ 9 IT RIE ALI5AT$ BY VIOL5CE IS COMPLETELY FALSE444!Y SUPPORT VIOL5CE ALL ! TIME1 :E!R IT IS /RIKEBREAK+1 POLICE BRUTALITY1 PRISONS1 W>1 SANCTIONS OR CAPITAL PUNI%M5T4 ,:AT !Y REALLY OPPOSE IS VIOL5CE DIRECT$ AT DISLODG+ !M & !IR PRIVILEGES4.<#b#a#h.> ,RECKLESS VIOL5CE ?AT SUBJECTS PEOPLE TO UNNECESS>Y RISKS )\T EV5 /RIV+ TO BE EFFECTIVE OR SUCCESSFUL WILL MO/ LIKELY ALI5ATE PEOPLE -- ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O ALREADY HAVE TO SURVIVE UND] ! VIOL5CE ( OPPRESSION -- BUT FIMY PRISON] ,JOSEPH ,B[51 :O GOT LOCK$ UP AFT] ! COP :O TRI$ TO KILL HIM 5D$ UP DEAD4 0,JOE-,JOE0 WON ! RESPECT ( O!R PRISON]S AFT] HE & ANO!R PRISON] ASSASS9AT$ ! W>D5 & DEPUTY W>D5 & W\ND$ ! GU>D COMM&] AT ,PHILADELPHIA'S ,HOLRNESBURG ,PRISON 9 #a#i#g#c1 9 RESPONSE TO 9T5SE REPRESSION & RELIGI\S P]SECUTION4 ,9 #a#i#h#a1 :5 A MASS-ESCAPE ATTEMPT HE HELP$ ORGANIZE AT ,GRAT]=D ,PRISON WAS FOIL$ & TURN$ 9TO A HO/AGE SITUATION1 A HUGE AM\NT ( M$IA ATT5TION WAS PAID TO ! HORRIBLE CONDITIONS ( ,P5NSYLVANIA'S PRISONS4 ,DUR+ ! FIVE-DAY /&(F1 DOZ5S ( >TICLES CAME \T 9 ! ,PHILADELPHIA ,9QUIR] & ! NATIONAL PRESS1 %$D+ LITICLES W]E EV5 SYMPA!TIC T[>D ,JOE-,JOE1.<#b#a#i.> & 9 ! 5D1 ! GOV]NM5T AGRE$ TO TRANSF] A DOZ5 ( ! REBELS TO ANO!R PRISON1 RA!R ?AN /ORM 9 %OOT+ -- !IR PREF]R$ TACTIC4 ,9 FACT1 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! SIEGE1 ,B[5 HAD SO UPSET ! SCALES ( POLITICAL P[] ?AT POLITICIANS W]E ON ! DEF5SIVE & HAD TO CALL = 9VE/IGATIONS ( CONDITIONS AT ,GRAT]=D ,PRISON4 ,9 ?IS & MANY O!R EXAMPLES1 9CLUD+ ! ,ZAPATI/AS 9 #aiid & ! ,APPALA*IAN M9]S 9 #a#i#b#a1 PEOPLE HUMANIZE !MSELVES PRECISELY :5 !Y TAKE UP >MS TO FIE APA!TIC TO ! CURR5T SOCIAL MOVEM5TS BECAUSE !Y HAVE NEV] P>TICIPAT$1 ,I WAS TOLD TIME & AGA9 ?AT !Y WANT$ TO GET 9VOLV$ BUT DIDN'T KN[ H[ BECAUSE ! ONLY ORGANIZ+ EF=TS !Y SAW REVOLV$ >\ND PEACEFUL PROTE/S1 :I* DIDN'T FEEL 9CLUSIVE TO !M & OBVI\SLY W\LDN'T ACCOMPLI% ANY?+4 ,ONE WORK+-CLASS MAN TOLD ME H[ UPON ! ,U,S 9VASION ( ,IRAQ HE JUMP$ 9 HIS C> & DROVE TWO H\RS TO ,D,C TO TAKE P>T 9 A PROTE/1 KN[+ NO ONE ELSE 9VOLV$4 ,:5 HE >RIV$ & SAW A PEACEFUL CR[D H]D$ BY ! POLICE 9TO A PROTE/ CAGE1 HE TURN$ RI\ND & DROVE HOME4 ,! FREQU5T ROLE ( NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S 9 CONTROLL+ OR SABOTAG+ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 & !IR FAILURE TO PROTECT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S FROM /ATE REPRESSION1 AS WELL AS !IR APPEASEM5T ) ! MO/ HOLL[ ( 0VICTORIES10 SUGGE/S AN ULT]IOR MOTIVE TO NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! MO/ COMMON MOTIVE IS = PACIFI/S TO AVAIL !MSELVES ( MORAL HI< GR\ND & ALLEVIATE ! SUB/ANTIAL GUILT !Y 9CUR BY RECOGNIZ+ ! MANY SY/EMS ( OPPRESSION !Y >E TI$ UP 9 BUT FAIL TO DEAL ) 9 A MEAN+FUL WAY4 ,W>D ,*UR*ILL SUGGE/S ?AT :ITE PACIFI/S WI% TO PROTECT !MSELVES FROM REPRESSION BY CONSIGN+ !IR ACTIVISM TO PO/UR+ & =MULAT+ ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( A PO/-REVOLUTION>Y WORLD :ILE PEOPLE ( COLOR ACROSS ! WORLD 9CUR ALL ! FATALITIES FI ,?IS IS A F> CRY FROM ! SOLID>ITY ROLE :ITE PACIFI/S IMAG9E !MSELVES TO BE PLAY+4 ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM T>GET+ ! ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS 7,S,O,A7 PROVIDES A GOOD EXAMPLE4 ,ORGANIZ+ AGA9/ ! ,S,O,A 9CLUDES ONE ( ! L>GE/ SU/A9$ CAMPAIGNS ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE 9 REC5T HI/ORY1 & IT HAS DRAWN ! P>TICIPATION & SUPPORT ( A NUMB] ( LEAD+ PACIFI/S4 ,DUR+ MY 9VOLVEM5T ) ANTI-,S,O,A ACTIVISM1 ,I CONCEIV$ ( ! CIVIL DISOB$I5CE & PRISON S5T5CE AS A MEANS ( DEMON/RAT+ ! F>CICAL & AU?ORIT>IAN NATURE ( ! DEMOCRATIC PROCESS1 & FO/]+ ! ESCALATION T[>D A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T T>GET+ ALL ASPECTS ( CAPITALISM & IMP]IALISM1 NOT JU/ ! ,S,O,A4 ,H[ RIDICUL\S W\LD IT BE TO CAMPAIGN = ! CLOSURE ( A S+LE MILIT>Y S*OOL :5 NUM]\S O!R 9/ITUTIONS1 9DE$ ! :OLE CAPITALI/ /ATE /RUCTURE1 WORK T[>D ! SAME 5DS8 ,BUT AFT] ! CONCLUSION ( MY PRISON S5T5CE1 ,I SAW ?AT TO ! PACIFI/ MAJORITY )9 ! ANTI-,S,O,A 0MOVEM5T10 CIVIL DISOB$I5CE WAS AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 US$ = LEV]AGE 9 LOBBY+ ,CONGRESS & RECRUIT+ NEW P>TICIPANTS1 & = ALLEVIAT+ PRIVILEGE-9DUC$ GUILT & ACCESS+ ! MORAL RI+ WITNESS0 & 0/&+ 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! OPPRESS$0 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4.<#b#b#a.> ,= ALL ITS FANF>E1 NONVIOL5CE IS DECREPIT4 ,NONVIOL5T !ORY RE/S ON A L>GE NUMB] ( MANIPULATIONS1 FALSIFICATIONS1 & DELUSIONS4 ,NONVIOL5T PRACTICE IS 9EFFECTIVE & SELF-S]V+4 ,9 A REVOLUTION>Y S5SE1 NOT ONLY HAS NONVIOL5CE NEV] WORK$1 IT HAS NEV] EXI/$4 ,DRIV+ A C>1 EAT+ MEAT1 EAT+ T(U1 PAY+ R5T1 PAY+ TAXES1 BE+ NICE TO A COP -- ALL ( !SE >E VIOL5T ACTIVITIES4.<#b#b#b.> ,! GLOBAL SY/EM & EV]YONE 9 IT >E SOAK$ 9 VIOL5CE2 IT IS 5=C$1 CO]C$1 9VOLUNT>Y4 ,= ?OSE SUFF]+ UND] ! VIOL5CE ( COLONIALISM1 MILIT>Y OCCUPATION1 OR RACIAL OPPRESSION1 NONVIOL5CE IS NOT ALWAYS AN OPTION -- PEOPLE MU/ EI!R FILY DISC]N ! WELL-KN[N BEHAVIOR PATT]NS ( AVOIDANCE4 ,IT IS AS IF PLUNG+ 9TO A FRAT]NAL BLOOD-BA? ALL[$ !M TO IGNORE ! OB/ACLE1 & TO PUT (F TILL LAT] ! *OICE1 NEV]!LESS 9EVITABLE1 :I* OP5S UP ! QUE/ION ( >M$ RESI/ANCE TO COLONIALISM4 ,?US COLLECTIVE AUTODE/RUCTION 9 A V]Y CONCRETE =M IS ONE ( ! WAYS 9 :I* ! NATIVE'S MUSCUL> T5SION IS SET FREE4.<#b#b#c.> ,PEACE IS NOT AN OPTION UNTIL AFT] ! C5TRALLY ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE ?AT IS ! /ATE IS DE/ROY$4 ,EXCLUSIVE RELIANCE ON BUILD+ ALT]NATIVES -- TO SU/A9 US1 MAKE ! /ATE OBSOLETE1 & HEAL US FROM ?IS VIOL5CE TO PREV5T 0AUTO-DE/RUCTION0 -- IS ALSO NOT AN OPTION1 BECAUSE ! /ATE CAN CRU% ALT]NATIVES ?AT CANNOT DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,IF WE W]E ALL[$ TO LIVE ! *ANGE WE WI% TO SEE 9 ! WORLD1 !RE W\LDN'T BE MU* NE$ = REVOLUTION4 ,\R OPTIONS HAVE BE5 VIOL5TLY CON/RA9$ TO ! FOLL[+3 ACTIVELY SUPPORT+ ! VIOL5CE ( ! SY/EM2 TACITLY SUPPORT+ ?AT VIOL5CE BY FAIL+ TO *ALL5GE IT2 SUPPORT+ SOME ( ! EXI/+ =CEFUL ATTEMPTS TO DE/ROY ! SY/EM ( VIOL5CE2 OR PURSU+ NEW & ORIG9AL WAYS TO FIE 9 ! MID/ ( A W>1 & NEUTRALITY IS NOT POSSIBLE4.<#b#b#d.> ,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ?IS WORLD CURR5TLY DES]V+ ( ! NAME PEACE4 ,RA!R1 IT IS A QUE/ION ( :OSE VIOL5CE FRIY ,ACTIVISM ,! ,ALT]NATIVE3 ,POSSIBILITIES = ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ACTIVISM ,I HAVE MADE A NUMB] ( =CEFUL1 EV5 VITRIOLIC1 >GUM5TS AGA9/ NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM1 & ,I HAVE NOT DILUT$ !SE >GUM5TS4 ,MY GOAL HAS BE5 TO EMPHASIZE CRITICISMS TOO (T5 SIL5C$1 9 ORD] TO DEF5E/RATE ! /RANGLEHOLD PACIFISM HAS OV] ! MOVEM5T'S DISC\RSE -- A /RANGLEHOLD EX]T+ SU* A MONOPOLY OV] PUTATIVE MORALITY & /RATEGIC_/TACTICAL ANALYSIS 9 MANY CIRCLES AS TO PRECLUDE EV5 ! ACKN[L$GM5T ( A FEASIBLE ALT]NATIVE4 ,W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>IES NE$ TO REALIZE ?AT PACIFISM IS SO VAPID & C\NT]PRODUCTIVE ?AT AN ALT]NATIVE IS IMP]ATIVE4 ,ONLY !N CAN WE WEI< ! DIFF]5T PA?S ( /RUGGLE FAIRLY -- &1 ,I HOPE1 9 A MORE PLURALI/IC1 DEC5TRALIZ$ MANN] AS WELL -- RA!R ?AN ATTEMPT+ TO 5=CE A P>TY L9E OR ! S+LE CORRECT REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM4 ,MY >GUM5T IS NOT ?AT ALL PACIFI/S >E APOLOGI/S & SELL\TS )\T R$EEM+ M]IT OR A PLACE 9 A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,MANY PACIFI/S >E WELL-MEAN+ W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>IES :O HAVE SIMPLY BE5 UNABLE TO MOVE PA/ !IR CULTURAL CONDITION+1 :I* PROGRAMS !M 9/9CTIVELY TO REACT TO ASSAULTS ON1 ! ,GODLIKE /ATE AS ! HIE ABOVE ! CRITICISMS TYPICALLY DES]V$ BY PACIFI/S1 & EV5 POSE A *ALL5GE TO ! FUNCTION+ ( ! /ATUS QUO1 P>TICUL>LY :5 !IR MORALS DO NOT PREV5T !M FROM WORK+ 9 SOLID>ITY ) NON-PACIFI/ REVOLUTION>IES4.<#b#b#e.> ,! PO9T IS ?AT PACIFISM AS IDEOLOGY1 ) PRET5SIONS BEYOND A P]SONAL PRACTICE1 9CORRIGIBLY S]VES /ATE 9T]E/S & IS HOPELESSLY WRAPP$ UP PSY*OLOGICALLY ) ! CONTROL S*EMA ( ! PATRI>*Y & :ITE SUPREMACY4 ,N[ ?AT ,I HAVE DEMON/RAT$ ! NE$ TO REPLACE A NONVIOL5T REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE1 ,I WANT TO ELABORATE ON :AT WE MIY /RUGGLE CONTA9 !IR [N T]M9AL FLAWS4 ,9 DEBATE1 PACIFI/S TYPICALLY G5]ALIZE SOME BROAD FAULTS ( A FEW EXEMPLIFI$ HI/ORICAL REVOLUTIONS1 AVOID ANY DETAIL$ ANALYSIS1 & RE/ !IR CASE4 ,BUT RA!R ?AN SAY1 = 9/ANCE1 0,SEE1 ! VIOL5T ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION L$ TO ANO!R VIOL5T & AU?ORIT>IAN GOV]NM5T1 !RE=E VIOL5CE IS 9FECTI\S10.<#b#b#f.> IT W\LD HELP TO PO9T \T ?AT ALL ! ,L59I/S WANT$ WAS AN AU?ORIT>IAN1 R$-PA9T$ CAPITALI/ /ATE ) !M AT ! HEAD1 & 9 !IR [N T]MS !Y W]E QUITE SUCCESSFUL4.<#b#b#g.> ,WE C\LD ALSO PO9T \T ! CONTEMPORANE\S AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>IES 9 S\!RN ,UKRA9E1 :O CONSI/5TLY REFUS$ P[] &1 = YE>S1 LIB]AT$ HUGE >EAS FROM ! ,G]MANS1 ! ANTI-,SEMITIC NATIONALI/S1 ! ,:ITES1 & ! ,R$S -- BUT DID NOT IMPOSE !IR WILL ON ?OSE !Y LIB]AT$1 :OM !Y 5C\RAG$ TO SELF-ORGANIZE4.<#b#b#h.> ,FUR!R LEAV+ ASIDE PACIFISM'S MY/IFY+1 SWEEP+ ANALYSIS1 IT MIGUABLY LESS VIOL5T ?AN ,BATI/A'S ,CUBA4 ,H[EV]1 !RE >E ALREADY 5\< APOLOGI/S = ,CA/RO AS TO DIS9CL9E ME FROM EXP5D+ MY 5]GIES 9 SU* A MANN]4 ,! COMMON ELEM5T ( ALL ( !SE AU?ORIT>IAN REVOLUTIONS IS !IR HI]>*ICAL =M ( ORGANIZATION4 ,! AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ! ,U,S,S,R OR ,PEOPLE'S ,REPUBLIC ( ,*9A WAS NOT A MY/ICAL C>RYOV] FROM ! VIOL5CE !Y US$1 BUT A DIRECT FUNCTION ( ! HI]>*IES TO :I* !Y W]E ALWAYS W$4 ,IT IS VAGUE1 MEAN+LESS1 & ULTIMATELY UNTRUE TO SAY ?AT VIOL5CE ALWAYS PRODUCES C]TA9 PSY*OLOGICAL PATT]NS & SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,HI]>*Y1 H[EV]1 IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM PSY*OLOGICAL PATT]NS & SOCIAL RELATION%IPS ( DOM9ATION4 ,9 FACT1 MO/ ( ! VIOL5CE 9 SOCIETY ?AT IS UN>GUABLY WRONG /EMS FROM CO]CIVE HI]>*IES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! CONCEPT ( HI]>*Y HAS MO/ ( ! ANALYTICAL & MORAL PRECISION ?AT ! CONCEPT ( VIOL5CE LACKS4 ,!RE=E1 TO TRULY SUCCE$1 A LIB]ATION /RUGGLE MU/ USE ANY MEANS NECESS>Y ?AT >E CONSI/5T ) BUILD+ A WORLD FREE ( CO]CIVE HI]>*IES4 ,?IS ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM MU/ BE REFLECT$ 9 BO? ! ORGANIZATION & ! E?OS ( A LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,ORGANIZATIONALLY1 P[] MU/ BE DEC5TRALIZ$ -- ?IS MEANS NO POLITICAL P>TIES OR BUREAUCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,P[] %\LD BE LOCAT$ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE 9 ! GRASSROOTS -- ) 9DIVIDUALS & 9 GR\PS WORK+ )9 A COMMUNITY4 ,BECAUSE GRASSROOTS & COMMUNITY GR\PS >E CONF9$ BY REAL-LIFE CONDITIONS & HAVE CON/ANT CONTACT ) PEOPLE \TSIDE ! MOVEM5T1 IDEOLOGY T5DS TO FL[ UPW>D1 CONC5TRAT+ 9 0NATIONAL COMMITTEES0 & O!R C5TRALIZ$ LEVELS ( ORGANIZATION 7:I* BR+ TOGE!R LIKE-M9D$ PEOPLE /EEP$ 9 AB/RACTION & REMOV$ FROM CONTACT ) MO/ O!R FOLK'S EV]YDAY REALITIES74 ,FEW ?+S HAVE MORE POT5TIAL = AU?ORIT>IANISM ?AN A P[]FUL IDEOLOGY4 ,!RE=E1 AS MU* AUTONOMY & DECISION-MAK+ P[] AS POSSIBLE MU/ REMA9 AT ! GRASSROOTS4 ,:5 LOCAL GR\PS DO NE$ TO F$]ATE OR O!RWISE COORD9ATE OV] A WID] GEOGRAPHIC >EA -- & ! DIFFICULTY ( ?IS /RUGGLE WILL REQUIRE COORD9ATION1 DISCIPL9E1 POOL+ ( RES\RCES1 & COMMON /RATEGY -- :ATEV] ORGANIZATION >ISES %\LD 5SURE ?AT LOCAL GR\PS DO NOT LOSE !IR AUTONOMY & ?AT :ATEV] HI<] LEVELS ( ORGANIZATION >E CREAT$ 7SU* AS ! REGIONAL OR NATIONAL COMMITTEES ( A F$]ATION7 >E WEAK1 TEMPOR>Y1 FREQU5TLY REPLAC$1 RECALLABLE1 & ALWAYS DEP5D5T ON RATIFICATION BY ! LOCAL GR\PS4 ,O!RWISE1 ?OSE :O FILL ! HI<] LEVELS ( ORGANIZATION >E LIKELY TO DEVELOP A BUREAUCRATIC M9DSET1 & ! ORGANIZATION IS LIKELY TO DEVELOP 9T]E/S ( ITS [N1 :I* WILL SOON DIV]GE FROM ! 9T]E/S ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 NO ORGANIZATION %\LD MONOPOLIZE ! MOVEM5T4 ,ORGANIZATIONS %\LD NOT BE EMPIRES2 !Y %\LD BE TEMPOR>Y TOOLS ?AT OV]LAP1 PROLIF]ATE1 & DIE \T :5 !Y >E NO LONG] NE$$4 ,A MOVEM5T WILL BE HEAL?I] & H>D] TO CO-OPT IF !RE IS A DIV]SITY ( GR\PS FILL+ DIFF]5T NI*ES & PURSU+ SIMIL> PURPOSES1.<#b#b#i.> & !SE GR\PS WILL BE LESS PRONE TO 9FIE EASILY SUBV]T$ IF ! CULTURE & DESIRES ( ! PEOPLE OP]AT+ ?OSE /RUCTURES DRAW !M T[>D O!R 5DS4 ,= />T]S1 A CULTURE ( LIB]ATION MU/ FAVOR PLURALISM OV] MONOPOLY4 ,9 T]MS ( /RUGGLE1 ?IS MEANS WE MU/ AB&ON ! IDEA ?AT !RE IS ONLY ONE RIY1 ! /RUGGLE WILL B5EFIT FROM A PLURALITY ( /RATEGIES ATTACK+ ! /ATE FROM DIFF]5T ANGLES4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT EV]YONE %\LD WORK ALONE OR AT CROSS-PURPOSES4 ,WE NE$ TO COORD9ATE & UNIFY AS MU* AS POSSIBLE TO 9CREASE \R COLLECTIVE /R5G?1 BUT WE %\LD ALSO RECONSID] H[ MU* UNI=MITY IS ACTUALLY POSSIBLE4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO GET EV]YONE TO AGREE ?AT ONE /RATEGY = /RUGGLE IS ! BE/1 & 9DE$ ?IS CONT5TION IS PROBABLY WRONG4 ,AFT] ALL1 DIFF]5T PEOPLE HAVE DIFF]5T /R5G?S & EXP]I5CES & FACE DIFF]5T ASPECTS ( OPPRESSION3 IT ONLY MAKES S5SE ?AT !RE %\LD BE DIFF]5T PA?S ( /RUGGLE ON :I* WE FID LIB]ATION4 ,! AU?ORIT>IAN MONO!ISM 9H]5T 9 ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION W\LD LEAD US TO VIEW !SE O!R PA?S AS UN9TELLIG5T DET\RS1 AS COMPETITION -- WE MIIANISM REQUIRES ?AT WE AB&ON ?IS M9DSET1 RECOGNIZE ! 9EVITABILITY ( DIFF]5CES1 & ?9K ( PEOPLE :O DEVIATE FROM US AS ALLIES4 ,AFT] ALL1 WE >E NOT TRY+ TO IMPOSE ONE NEW1 UTOPIAN SOCIETY ON EV]YBODY AFT] ! REVOLUTION2 ! GOAL IS TO DE/ROY C5TRALIZ$ P[] /RUCTURES SO EA* COMMUNITY HAS ! AUTONOMY TO ORGANIZE ITSELF 9 ! WAY ?AT ALL ITS MEMB]S COLLECTIVELY DECIDE WILL BE/ 5ABLE !M TO MEET !IR NE$S1 :ILE ALSO JO9+ OR LEAV+ FREE ASSOCIATIONS ( MUTUAL AID ) COMMUNITIES >\ND !M4.<#b#c.> ,EV]YONE HAS AN 9NATE POT5TIAL = FRE$OM & SELF-ORGANIZATION2 !RE=E1 IF WE ID5TIFY AS AN>*I/S1 \R JOB IS NOT TO CONV]T EV]YONE ELSE TO AN>*ISM1 BUT TO USE \R P]SPECTIVES & COLLECTIVE EXP]I5CES TO GU>D AGA9/ ! CO-OPTATION EF=TS ( ! 9/ITUTIONAL ,LEFT & TO PROVIDE MODELS = AUTONOM\S SOCIAL RELATION%IPS & SELF-ORGANIZATION 9 CULTURES :]E NONE CURR5TLY EXI/4 ,!RE IS ALSO ! QUE/ION ( LEAD]%IP 9 AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN /RUGGLE4 ,! TRADITIONAL IDEA ( LEAD]%IP1 AS AN 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ OR CO]CIVE ROLE1 AS HOLD+ P[] OV] PEOPLE1 IS HI]>*ICAL & 9HIBITIVE ( PEOPLE'S GR[?4 ,BUT IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT PEOPLE >E NOT EQUAL 9 T]MS ( ABILITIES1 ?AT ?IS REVOLUTION WILL TAKE A TREM5D\S AM\NT ( EXP]TIZE1 & ?AT SM>T1 NON-EGOTI/ICAL PEOPLE WILL VOLUNT>ILY PLACE SOMEONE ) MORE EXP]TIZE ?AN O!RS 9 A POSITION ( NON-CO]CIVE & TEMPOR>Y LEAD]%IP4 ,! APPROA* ( AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN E?OS T[>D LEAD]%IP IS ?AT P[] NE$S TO BE CON/ANTLY R$I/RIBUT$ \TW>DS4 ,IT IS ! RESPONSIBILITY ( PEOPLE :O F9D !MSELVES 9 POSITIONS ( LEAD]%IP TO L5D !IR TAL5TS TO ! MOVEM5T :ILE SPREAD+ !IR LEAD]%IP >\ND1 TEA*+ O!R PEOPLE RA!R ?AN HOLD+ ON TO !IR EXP]TIZE AS A =M ( P[]4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN E?OS FAVORS FIIAN SY/EM4 ,!RE WILL ALWAYS BE A T5SION BETWE5 BE+ EFFECTIVE & BE+ LIB]AT+1 & 9 ! COMPLEXITY ( /RUGGLE !RE IS PL5TY ( GRAY SPACE1 BUT IT HELPS TO SEE CULTIVAT+ AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN PRACTICE AS A CON/ANT BATTLE BETWE5 TWO REQUIREM5TS 7EFFICI5CY & FRE$OM7 ?AT >E CONFLICT+ BUT NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE4 ,! PACIFI/ VISION ( /RUGGLE1 BAS$ ON A POL> DI*OTOMY BETWE5 VIOL5CE & NONVIOL5CE1 IS UNREALI/IC & SELF-DEFEAT+4 ,MORE CONCRETELY1 IT IS H>D TO G5]ALIZE H[ A LIB]ATION MOVEM5T US+ A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS %\LD CONDUCT ITS /RUGGLE4 ,SPECIFIC GR\PS NE$ TO DECIDE ?AT = !MSELVES BAS$ ON ! CONDITIONS !Y FACE -- NOT BAS$ ON ! PRESCRIPTIONS ( SOME IDEOLOGY4 ,9 ALL LIKELIHOOD1 ?\<1 AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN LIB]ATION MOVEM5T W\LD NE$ TO EMPHASIZE BUILD+ AN AUTONOM\S CULTURE ?AT CAN RESI/ ! M9D CONTROL ( ! CORPORATE M$IA & A F\NDATION ( SOCIAL C5T]S1 FREE S*OOLS1 FREE CL9ICS1 COMMUNITY AGRICULTURE1 & O!R /RUCTURES ?AT CAN SUPPORT COMMUNITIES 9 RESI/ANCE4 ,WE/]NIZ$ PEOPLE ALSO NE$ TO DEVELOP COLLECTIVE SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,= ?OSE GR[+ UP 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?1 BE+ AN AN>*I/ PROVIDES NO EXCEPTION TO BE+ IMBU$ ) 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 PUNI%M5T- & PRIVILEGE-BAS$ =MS ( SOCIAL 9T]ACTIONS4 ,WE NE$ TO EMPLOY WORK+ MODELS ( RE/ORATIVE OR TRANS=MATIVE JU/ICE SO ?AT WE TRULY DON'T NE$ POLICE OR PRISONS4 ,AS LONG AS WE >E DEP5D5T ON ! /ATE1 WE WILL NEV] OV]?R[ IT4 ,READ]S MAY NOTICE ?AT SOME ( ! MAJOR 9ITIAL REQUIREM5TS ( A LIB]ATION MOVEM5T DO NOT 9CLUDE 0VIOL5T0 ACTIONS4 ,I HOPE ?AT BY N[ WE CAN AB&ON ! DI*OTOMY BETWE5 VIOL5CE & NONVIOL5CE ALTOGE!R4 ,! USE ( VIOL5CE IS NOT A /AGE 9 ! /RUGGLE ?AT WE MU/ WORK T[>D & PASS ?R\< 9 ORD] TO W94 ,IT DOES NOT HELP TO ISOLATE VIOL5CE4 ,RA!R1 WE MU/ BE AW>E ( C]TA9 TYPES ( REPRESSION WE WILL PROBABLY HAVE TO FACE1 C]TA9 TACTICS WE WILL PROBABLY HAVE TO USE4 ,AT EV]Y /AGE 9 ! /RUGGLE WE MU/ CULTIVATE A MILITANT SPIRIT4 ,\R SOCIAL C5T]S %\LD HONOR MILITANT ACTIVI/S 9 PRISON1 OR ?OSE KILL$ BY ! /ATE2 \R FREE S*OOLS %\LD TEA* SELF-DEF5SE & ! HI/ORY ( /RUGGLE4 ,IF WE WAIT TO BR+ 9 MILITANCY UNTIL ! /ATE HAS 9CREAS$ REPRESSION TO ! LEVEL ?AT IT IS BLATANTLY OBVI\S ?AT !Y HAVE DECL>$ W> ON US1 IT WILL BE TOO LATE4 ,CULTIVAT+ MILITANCY %\LD GO H& 9 H& ) PREP>ATION & \TREA*4 ,IT IS DANG]\S TO BECOME TOTALLY CUT (F FROM A MA9/REAM REALITY BY RU%+ 9TO TACTICS ?AT NO ONE ELSE CAN UND]/&1 MU* LESS SUPPORT4 ,PEOPLE :O ACT PREMATURELY & CUT !MSELVES (F FROM POPUL> SUPPORT WILL BE EASY = ! GOV]NM5T TO PICK (F4.<#b#c#a.> ,?AT SAID1 WE CANNOT LET \R ACTIONS BE DET]M9$ BY :AT IS ACCEPTABLE 9 ! MA9/REAM4 ,! OP9IONS ( ! MA9/REAM >E CONDITION$ BY ! /ATE2 P&]+ TO ! MA9/REAM IS P&]+ TO ! /ATE4 ,RA!R1 WE MU/ WORK TO ESCALATE MILITANCY1 TO $UCATE ?R\< EXEMPL>Y ACTIONS1 & TO 9CREASE ! LEVEL ( MILITANCY ACCEPTABLE 7TO AT LEA/ SEGM5TS ( ! POPULATION WE HAVE ID5TIFI$ AS POT5TIAL SUPPORT]S74 ,RADICALS FROM A PRIVILEG$ BACKGR\ND HAVE ! MO/ WORK TO DO 9 ?IS REG>D BECAUSE !SE COMMUNITIES HAVE ! MO/ CONS]VATIVE REACTIONS TO MILITANT TACTICS4 ,PRIVILEG$ RADICALS SEEM TO BE MORE LIKELY TO ASK1 0,:AT W\LD SOCIETY ?9K80 AS AN EXCUSE = !IR PASSIVITY4 ,9CREAS+ ! ACCEPTANCE ( MILITANT TACTICS IS NOT EASY WORK1 WE MU/ GRADUALLY BR+ PEOPLE TO ACCEPT MORE MILITANT =MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,IF ! ONLY *OICE WE CAN GIVE IS BETWE5 BOMB ?R[+ & VOT+1 ALMO/ ALL ( \R POT5TIAL ALLIES WILL *OOSE VOT+4 ,& ?\< MORE CULTURAL CONDITION+ MU/ BE OV]COME BE=E PEOPLE CAN ACCEPT & PRACTICE MORE DANG]\S1 DEADLY TACTICS1 SU* TACTICS CANNOT BE PLAC$ AT ! TOP ( SOME HI]>*Y4 ,FETI%IZ+ VIOL5CE NEI!R IMPROVES A MOVEM5T'S EFFECTIV5ESS NOR PRES]VES ITS ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN QUALITIES4 ,BECAUSE ( ! NATURE ( ! /ATE1 ANY /RUGGLE = LIB]ATION WILL PROBABLY EV5TUALLY BECOME AN >M$ /RUGGLE4 ,9 FACT1 A GOOD MANY PEOPLES >E 5GAG$ 9 >M$ /RUGGLE TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES RIIAN GR\PS 9 ,GREECE1 ,ITALY1 & ELSE:]E4 ,AS ,I WRITE ?IS S5T5CE1 9DIG5\S ACTIVI/S1 AN>*I/S1 & UNIONI/S >M$ ) JU/ BRICKS & CLUBS >E HOLD+ ! B>RICADES 9 ,OAXACA AGA9/ AN IMP5D+ MILIT>Y ASSAULT4 ,SEV]AL ( !M HAVE ALREADY BE5 KILL$1 &1 AS ! MILIT>Y /RIKES AGA9 & AGA91 !Y MU/ DECIDE :E!R TO ESCALATE TACTICS TO IMPROVE !IR CAPABILITY = SELF-DEF5SE1 AT ! RISK ( GRAV] CONSEQU5CES4 ,I WON'T SAY ?AT >M$ /RUGGLE IS AN IDEOLOGICAL NECESSITY1 BUT = MANY PEOPLE 9 MANY PLACES IT DOES BECOME A NECESSITY TO OV]?R[1 OR SIMPLY DEF5D AGA9/1 ! /ATE4 ,IT W\LD BE WOND]FUL IF MO/ PEOPLE DID NOT HAVE TO GO ?R\< A PROCESS ( >M$ /RUGGLE TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES1 &1 GIV5 ! EXT5T TO :I* ECONOMIES & GOV]NM5TS >E 9TEGRAT$ GLOBALLY !SE DAYS1 A GOOD MANY GOV]NM5TS MIM$ /RUGGLE1 SOME HAVE TO EV5 N[1 & IT W\LD BE UN=GIVABLE IF \R /RATEGY = REVOLUTION BANK$ ON ! C]TA9TY ?AT O!R PEOPLE WILL DIE 9 BLOODY CONFLICTS :ILE WE REMA9 SAFE4 ,WE MU/ REALI/ICALLY ACCEPT ?AT REVOLUTION IS A SOCIAL W>1 NOT BECAUSE WE LIKE W>1 BUT BECAUSE WE RECOGNIZE ?AT ! /ATUS QUO IS A L[-9T5SITY W> & *ALL5G+ ! /ATE RESULTS 9 AN 9T5SIFICATION ( ?AT W>F>E4 ,WE MU/ ALSO ACCEPT ?AT REVOLUTION NECESSITATES 9T]P]SONAL CONFLICT BECAUSE C]TA9 CLASSES ( PEOPLE >E EMPLOY$ TO DEF5D ! C5TRALIZ+ 9/ITUTIONS WE MU/ DE/ROY4 ,PEOPLE :O CONT9UE TO DEHUMANIZE !MSELVES AS AG5TS ( LAW & ORD] MU/ BE DEFEAT$ BY :ATEV] MEANS NECESS>Y UNTIL !Y CAN NO LONG] PREV5T PEOPLE'S AUTONOM\S REALIZATION ( !IR NE$S4 ,I HOPE ?AT DUR+ ?IS PROCESS WE CAN BUILD A CULTURE ( RESPECT = \R 5EMIES 7A NUMB] ( NON-,WE/]N CULTURES HAVE %[N IT IS 9DE$ POSSIBLE TO RESPECT A P]SON OR ANIMAL Y\ MU/ KILL71 :I* WILL HELP TO PREV5T PURGES OR A NEW AU?ORITY :5 ! PRES5T /ATE HAS BE5 DEFEAT$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IT C\LD BE SE5 AS ACCEPTABLE TO KILL A MORE P[]FUL 5EMY 7= 9/ANCE1 SOMEONE :O MU/ BE T>GET$ CL&E/9ELY = FE> ( /ATE REPRISAL71 UNFAVORABLE TO KILL SOMEONE :O IS EQUALLY P[]FUL 7SU* ?AT IT W\LD ONLY BE SE5 AS JU/IFI$ BY ONE'S PE]S 9 PIT*$ CIRCUM/ANCES & SELF-DEF5SE71 & D[NRIY ACTIVISM BY /RIV+ T[>D UNDILUT$1 LONG-T]M GOALS1 BUT WE MU/ NOT =GET %ORT-T]M VICTORIES4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 PEOPLE NE$ TO SURVIVE & BE N\RI%$4 ,& WE MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT VIOL5T /RUGGLE AGA9/ AN EXTREMELY P[]FUL 5EMY 9 :I* LONG-T]M VICTORY MAY SEEM IMPOSSIBLE CAN LEAD TO SMALL %ORT-T]M VICTORIES4 ,LOS+ FI 9 ,WE/ ,VIRG9IA1 FILMMAK] ,JOHN ,SAYLES WRITES1 0! PSY*OLOGICAL VICTORY ( ?OSE VIOL5T DAYS MAY HAVE BE5 MORE IMPORTANT4 ,:5 A COLONIZ$ PEOPLE LE>N !Y CAN FI ,) 5\< BOLD1 EMP[]+ RESI/ANCE1 WE CAN MOVE BEYOND SMALL VICTORIES TO A*IEVE A LA/+ VICTORY AGA9/ ! /ATE1 ! PATRI>*Y1 CAPITALISM1 & :ITE SUPREMACY4 ,REVOLUTION IS IMP]ATIVE1 & REVOLUTION NECESSITATES /RUGGLE4 ,!RE >E MANY EFFECTIVE =MS ( /RUGGLE1 & SOME ( !SE ME?ODS CAN LEAD TO ! WORLDS WE DREAM (4 ,TO F9D ONE ( ! RIN BY DO+4 O ,NOTES .<#a.> ,SOME P]IODICALS LIMIT$ TO ! /RICTLY AN>*I/ MILIEU1 SU* AS ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$1 >E NOT AT ALL PACIFI/4 ,H[EV]1 !IR 9FLU5CE1 & ! 9FLU5CE ( !IR READ]%IP1 CAN BE CLE>LY SE5 AS M>G9AL 9 >EAS :]E1 O!RWISE1 AN>*I/S HAVE A MAJOR IMPACT4 ,AT MASS MOBILIZATIONS ( ! ANTI-W> & ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5TS1 9 :I* AN>*I/S >E KEY ORGANIZ]S1 CRITICISMS ( PACIFISM >E NOT EV5 5T]TA9$2 AT BE/1 SOME P>TICIPANTS CAN SUCCESSFULLY >GUE ?AT WAT]$-D[N =MS ( DIRECT ACTION REALLY DO QUALIFY AS NONVIOL5T4 ,M$IA WIDELY AVAILABLE BEYOND AN>*I/ CIRCLES1 9 ! WAY PROGRESSIVE M$IA >E SOME:AT AVAILABLE TO ! MA9/REAM1 >E ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY PACIFI/1 EV5 :5 MANY ( ! VOLUNTE]S ?AT KEEP ?OSE M$IA ALIVE >E ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS :O SUPPORT A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS4 .<#b.> ,BECAUSE IT MAY BE PRESUMPTU\S TO REF] TO SOMEONE :O IS NOT 5GAG$ 9 OP5 CONFLICT ) ! /ATE AS A REVOLUTION>Y1 ,I DEF9E A REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/ AS SOMEONE :O1 AT ! LEA/1 IS BUILD+ T[>D ! PO9T :5 SU* A CONFLICT IS PRACTICAL4 ,SOME PEOPLE HAVE QUALMS ) ! T]M ACTIVI/1 OR ASSOCIATE IT ) RE=MI/ TYPES ( ACTIVISM4 ,TO AVOID BE+ TOO P>TICUL> AB\T WORDS & T]M9OLOGY1 ,I WILL ASK READ]S SIMPLY TO RECEIVE ?IS T]M 9 ! BE/ POSSIBLE WAY4 .<#c.> ,?IS P>TICUL> LI/ COMES FROM AN >TICLE WRITT5 BY ,SPRUCE ,H\S] 7,SPRUCE ,H\S]1 0,DOME/IC ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T ,9CREAS+LY ,ESP\SES ,VIOL5CE10 ,A!NS ,NEWS1 ,AUGU/ #a#b1 #b#d1 HTTP3_/_/A!NSNEWS4COM_/9DEX4PHP8ACTION"7VIEW>TICLE@&SECTION"7>*IVE@&/ORY.-ID"7#a#g#d#i#g71 A PEACE ACTIVI/ & SELF-PROCLAIM$ AN>*I/4 ,I HAVE SE5 !SE SAME PUTATIVE VICTORIES DECL>$ BY O!R PACIFI/S TIME & AGA94 .<#d.> ,HELL ,N,Y,C1 #b_/#a#e3 ,! ,DAY ! ,WORLD ,SAID ,NO TO ,W> 7,OAKL&1 ,C,A3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#c74 ,?IS BOOK GIVES ONE A FEEL = ! WAY PEACE ACTIVI/S CELEBRATE !SE PROTE/S4 .<#e.> ,= EXAMPLE1 AS SOON AS A PACIFI/ PANELI/ AT ! AN>*I/ CONF]5CE M5TION$ 9 ! 9TRODUCTION WAS =C$ TO ADMIT ?AT ! CIVIL RIT$ TO LOSE GR\ND4 ,?IS >GUM5T IGNORES ! FACT ?AT RESI/ANCE AGA9/ SLAV]Y & RACIAL OPPRESSION WAS MILITANT WELL BE=E ! LATE #a#i#fS1 & ALSO DISAV[S ANY SPECIFIC ANALYSIS ?AT MIE FACTUALLY NONEXI/5T4 .<#f.> ,*&RASEKH> ,AZAD1 :O WAS KILL$ 9 A %OOT\T ) ! ,BRITI%1 IS A FOCAL PO9T ( A REC5T MOVIE1 ,! ,LA/ ,REVOLUTION>Y1 BY ,9DIAN DIRECTOR ,PRIYAD>%AN4 .<#g.> ,REETA ,%>MA1 0,:AT IF ,BHAGAT ,S+H ,HAD ,LIV$80 ,! ,TRIBUNE ( ,9DIA1 ,M>* #b#a1 #b#a2 HTTP3_/_/WWW4TRIBUNE9DIA4COM_/#b#a_/#b#a#c#b#a_/$IT4HTM_?#f4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT PEOPLE ACROSS ,9DIA BESEE*$ ,G&HI TO ASK = ! COMMUTATION ( ,BHAGAT ,S+H'S DEA? S5T5CE1 GIV5 = ! ASSASS9ATION ( A ,BRITI% (FICIAL1 BUT ,G&HI /RATEGICALLY *OSE NOT TO SPEAK \T AGA9/ ! /ATE EXECUTION1 :I* MANY BELIEVE HE EASILY C\LD HAVE /OPP$4 ,?US WAS A RIVAL REVOLUTION>Y REMOV$ FROM ! POLITICAL L&SCAPE4 .<#h.> ,BOSE RESIGN$ AFT] A CONFLICT ) O!R ,9DIAN POLITICAL LEAD]S1 /EMM+ FROM ,G&HI'S OPPOSITION TO ,BOSE BECAUSE ! LATT] DID NOT SUPPORT NONVIOL5CE4 ,= MORE ON ,9DIAN LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 READ ,SUMIT ,S>K>1 ,MOD]N ,9DIA3 #a#h#h#e-#a#i#d#g 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i74 .<#i.> ,PR(ESSOR ,GOPAL ,K1 EMAIL TO AU?OR1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#d4 ,GOPAL ALSO WRITES1 0,I HAVE FRI5DS 9 ,9DIA :O /ILL HAV5'T =GIV5 ,G&HI = ?IS40 .<#a.> ,?\< ! CONS]VATISM 9H]5T 9 ANY POLITICAL E/ABLI%M5T PREV5T$ MANY ,EURO_/,AM]ICAN /ATES FROM SEE+ ?IS = SOME TIME1 NEOCOLONIAL RULE IS MU* MORE EFFICI5T AT 5RI*+ ! COLONIZ] ?AN DIRECT COLONIAL ADM9I/RATION1 & MORE EFFICI5T AT MA9TA9+ P[]1 ONCE DIRECT COLONIALISM HAS SUCCESSFULLY EFFECT$ ! NECESS>Y POLITICAL & ECONOMIC REORGANIZATION )9 ! COLONIES4 ,LIB]ALS )9 ! IMP]IALI/ /ATES1 UNFAIRLY *>ACT]IZ$ AS DISLOYAL OR UNPATRIOTIC1 W]E1 9 FACT1 RID ,FALL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SIGNET ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#g74 .<#a#a.> ,9DIA'S NEOCOLONIAL /ATUS IS WIDELY DOCUM5T$ AS P>T ( ! EXP&+ BODY ( ANTI- & ALT]-GLOBALI/ LIT]ATURE4 ,SEE ,>UNDHATI ,ROY1 ,P[] ,POLITICS 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS1 #b#b7 & ,V&ANA ,%IVA1 ,/OL5 ,H>VE/ 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS1 #b74 .<#a#b.> ,! GR\P ,DIRECT ,ACTION 9 ,CANADA & ! ,SWISS GU]RILLA ,M>CO ,CAM5IS* >E TWO EXAMPLES4 .<#a#c.> ,SEE ,ROB]T ,WILLIAMS1 ,NEGROES ) ,GUNS 7,*ICAGO3 ,?IRD ,WORLD ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#b72 ,KA?LE5 ,CLEAV] & ,GEORGE ,KATSIAFICAS1 ,LIB]ATION1 ,IMAG9ATION1 & ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#a72 & ,*>LES ,HAMILTON & ,KWAME ,TURE1 ,BLACK ,P[]3 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,LIB]ATION 9 ,AM]ICA 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #a#i#f#g74 .<#a#d.> 0,HI/ORICAL ,CONTEXT ( ! ,F\ND+ ( ! ,P>TY10 HTTP3_/_/WWW4BLACKPAN!R4ORG_/LEGACVNEW4HTM4 ,9 #a#i#i#d1 ,DR4 ,K5NE? ,CL>K1 ! PSY*OLOGI/ :OSE TE/IMONY WAS 9/RUM5TAL 9 W9N+ ! #ai$ ,BR[N V4 ,BO>D ( ,$UCATION ,SUPREME ,C\RT DECISION1 /AT$ ?AT SEGREGATION WAS WORSE ?AN IT HAD BE5 #d YE>S PRIOR4 ,ALSO SEE ,SUZZANE ,GOLDB]G1 0,U,S WEAL? GAP GR[S = E?NIC M9ORITIES10 ,! ,GU>DIAN 7,U,K7 ,OCTOB] #a#i1 #b#d1 REPR9T$ 9 ,A%EVILLE ,GLOBAL ,REPORT1 NO4 #cb 7#b#d7 HTTP3_/_/WWW4AGRNEWS4ORG_/ISSUES_/#c#b_/NATIONALNEWS4HTML4 ,! ,PEW ,HISPANIC ,C5T]1 ANALYZ+ ,U,S ,C5SUS DATA1 REC5TLY F\ND ?AT ! AV]AGE :ITE FAMILY HAS A NET WOR? #aa TIMES GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( ! AV]AGE ,LAT9O FAMILY1 & #ad TIMES GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( ! AV]AGE BLACK FAMILY1 & ?AT ! DISP>ITY IS GR[+4 .<#a#e.> ,MICK ,DUMKE1 0,RUNN+ ON ,RACE10 ,COL>,L9ES1 ,FALL #b#d1 #a#g-#a#i4 ,?IS >TICLE WAS WRITT5 BE=E ,B>ACK ,OBAMA'S ELECTION SO ,I HAVE UPDAT$ ! FIGURE4 .<#a#f.> 0,!Y . RAPIDLY EVOLV$ T[>D >M$ /RUGGLE1 ) SELF-DEF5SE LEAD+ TO >M$ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,ANTI-GOV]NM5T VIOL5CE HAD MASS APPROVAL & P>TICIPATION40 ,E4 ,TANI & ,KAE ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 ,FALSE ,9T]NATIONALISM7 7,*ICAGO3 ,A ,SE$S ,B5EA? ! ,SN[ ,PUBLICATION1 #a#i#h#e71 #i#d4 ,ALSO SEE ,MUMIA ,ABU-,JAMAL1 ,WE ,WANT ,FRE$OM 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS1 #b#d71 #c#b1 #f#e4 .<#a#g.> ,FLORES ,ALEX&] ,=BES1 0,PO9T ,NUMB] #g3 ,WE ,WANT AN ,IMM$IATE ,5D TO ,POLICE ,BRUTALITY & ! ,MURD] ( ,BLACK ,PEOPLE2 ,:Y ,I ,JO9$ ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY10 9 ,POLICE ,BRUTALITY3 ,AN ,AN?OLOGY1 $4 ,JILL ,NELSON 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON & ,COMPANY1 #b71 #b#c#g4 .<#a#h.> ,ABU-,JAMAL1 ,WE ,WANT ,FRE$OM1 #c#a4 .<#a#i.> 0.<,I.>F AN OPPRESS$ PEOPLE'S P5T-UP EMOTIONS >E NOT NONVIOL5TLY RELEAS$1 !Y WILL BE VIOL5TLY RELEAS$4 ,SO LET ! ,NEGRO M>*4444,= IF HIS FRU/RATIONS & DESPAIR >E ALL[$ TO CONT9UE PIL+ UP1 MILLIONS ( ,NEGROES WILL SEEK SOLACE & SECURITY 9 ,BLACK NATIONALI/ IDEOLOGIES40 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR41 QUOT$ 9 ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 #a#g4 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 PLAY$ UP ! ?REAT ( BLACK REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE AS ! LIKELY \TCOME IF ! /ATE DID NOT MEET HIS RE=MI/ DEM&S1 & HIS ORGANIZ]S (T5 CAPITALIZ$ ON RIOTS C>RI$ \T BY MILITANT BLACK ACTIVI/S TO PUT ! PACIFI/ BLACK LEAD]S 9 A MORE FAVORABLE LID ,*UR*ILL1 ,PACIFISM AS ,PA?OLOGY 7,W9NIPEG3 ,>BEIT] ,R+1 #a#i#i#h71 #d#c4 .<#b.> ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 #i#f-#a#d4 ,AS ,K+ HIMSELF SAID1 0,! S\ND ( ! EXPLOSION 9 ,BIRM+HAM REA*$ ALL ! WAY TO ,WA%+TON40 .<#b#a.> ,W>D ,*UR*ILL1 ,PACIFISM AS ,PA?OLOGY4 ,ALSO1 = AN EXAMPLE1 ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 *APT] #f4 .<#b#b.> ,A PACIFI/ PANELI/ AT ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,CONF]5CE1 REJECT+ ! IDEA ?AT ! ,VIETNAMESE RESI/ANCE1 & NOT ! PEACE MOVEM5T1 DEFEAT$ ! ,U,S1 TEMPOR>ILY CONFUS$ HIS MORAL_/TACTICAL POSITION ) A RACIAL ONE BY PO9T+ \T ?AT IT WAS ,U,S TROOPS ASSASS9AT+ !IR (FIC]S ?AT ALSO L$ TO ! 5D ( ! W>4 .<#b#c.> ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 #a#b#d-#a#b#e4 0,PROJECT #a10 WAS BEGUN 9 #aiff AT ! SUGGE/ION ( ,:ITE ,H\SE ADVIS] ,DANIEL ,PATRICK ,MOYNIHAN1 :O1 9CID5TALLY1 HYPO!SIZ$ ?AT ! UNEMPLOY$ M5 T>GET$ = MILIT>Y S]VICE W]E 0MALADAPT$0 BECAUSE ( 0DISORGANIZ$ & MATRIFOCAL FAMILY LIFE10 :ILE ,VIETNAM REPRES5T$ 0A WORLD AWAY FROM WOM540 7,9T]E/+LY1 DE1ONIZATION ( /RONG BLACK WOM5 WAS EV5TUALLY 9S9UAT$ 9TO ! ,BLACK ,P[] MOVEM5T ITSELF74 ,COLONEL ,WILLIAM ,COLE1 COMM&] ( AN ,>MY RECRUIT+ DI/RICT1 SAID1 0,PRESID5T ,JOHNSON WANT$ ?OSE GUYS (F ! /REET40 .<#b#d.> ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 #a#b#g4 .<#b#e.> ,MAT!W ,R9ALDI1 ,OLIVE-,DRAB ,REBELS3 ,SUBV]SION ( ! ,U,S ,>M$ ,=CES 9 ! ,VIETNAM ,W>1 REV4 $4 7,LONDON3 ,ANTAGONISM ,PRESS1 #b#c71 #a#g4 .<#b#f.> ,IBID41 #a#a-#a#c4 .<#b#g.> ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 #a#a#g-#a#a#h4 .<#b#h.> ,IT IS $UCATIONAL TO SEE H[ ! ELITE !MSELVES P]CEIV$ ! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T4 ,ONE RI* ACC\NT COMES FROM ,SECRET>Y ( ,DEF5SE ,ROB]T ,MC,NAM>A 9 ! DOCUM5T>Y ,FOG ( ,W>3 ,ELEV5 ,LESSONS FROM ! ,LIFE ( ,ROB]T ,S4 ,MC,NAM>A1 DIRECT$ BY ,]ROL ,MORRIS1 #b#c4 ,MC,NAM>A CLE>LY EXPRESS$ BE+ TR\BL$ BY ! PROTE/S (T5 HELD \TSIDE HIS WORKPLACE1 BUT ) ! TYPICAL >ROGANCE ( A BUREAUCRAT ASSUM$ ! PUBLIC DIDN'T KN[ 5\< TO MAKE POLICY SUGGE/IONS4 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT HE TOO WANT$ PEACE1 & AS A LEAD+ GOV]NM5T EXP]T HE WAS ?US WORK+ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! ANTI-W> PROTE/]S4 .<#b#i.> 0,MILLIONS ,GIVE ,DRAMATIC ,REBUFF TO ,U,S ,W> ,PLANS10 ,NEWS1 ,UNIT$ = ,PEACE & ,JU/ICE1 HTTP3_/_/WWW4UNIT$=PEACE4ORG_/>TICLE4PHP8ID"7#a#g 7ACCESS$ ,OCTOB] #e1 #b#f74 ,ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ,AG5CE ,FRANCE-,PRESSE1 ,FEBRU>Y #a#f1 #b#c4 .<#c.> ,EXCLUD+ ,AL ,%>PTON1 :O WAS TREAT$ 7AS ALWAYS7 AS A P>IAH4 .<#c#a.> ,S9IKKA ,T>VA951 0,SPA9'S ,AZN> ,RISKS ,ALL = A ,W> 9 ,IRAQ10 ,DEUTS*E ,PRESSE-,AG5TUR1 ,M>* #a#a1 #b#c4 .<#c#b.> ,NOT ONLY W]E COMM5TATORS NE>LY UNANIM\S 9 ATTRIBUT+ ! %IFT ( P[] DIRECTLY TO ! BOMB+S1 ! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T ITSELF ACKN[L$G$ ! IMPACT ( ! BOMB+S BY TRY+ TO COV] UP ,AL-,QAIDA 9VOLVEM5T1 9/EAD BLAM+ ,E,T,A ,BASQUE SEP>ATI/S4 ,MEMB]S ( ! GOV]NM5T KNEW ?AT IF ! BOMB+S W]E CONNECT$ 9 ! PUBLIC M9D TO ,SPANI% P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,IRAQ OCCUPATION1 !Y W\LD LOSE 9 ! POLLS1 AS !Y DID4 .<#c#c.> ,W>D ,*UR*ILL1 9 US+ ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,HOLOCAU/ TO DEMON/RATE ! PA?OLOGY ( PACIFISM 9 ! FACE ( OPPRESSION1 CITES ,RAUL ,HILB]G1 ,! ,DE/RUCTION ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,JEWS1 7,*ICAGO3 ,QUADRANGLE1 #a#i#f#a7 & ,ISAIAH ,TRUNK1 ,JUD5RAT3 ,! ,JEWI% ,C\NCILS 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE ,UND] ,NAZI ,OCCUPATION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#g#b74 ,*UR*ILL'S [N CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! TOPIC1 :I* 9=M$ MY [N1 CAN BE F\ND 9 ,*UR*ILL1 ,PACIFISM AS ,PA?OLOGY1 #c#a-#c#g4 ,HE ALSO RECOMM5DS ,BRUNO ,BETTLEHEIRRI'S ,=EWORD TO ,MIKLOS ,NYISZLI1 ,AUS*WITZ 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,FAWCETT ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f74 .<#c#d.> ,! EXAMPLE ( ! ,DANES DUR+ ! ,HOLOCAU/ WAS US$ BY PACIFI/ AN>*I/ ,COLMAN ,MC,C>?Y AT HIS WORK%OP 0,PACIFISM & ,AN>*ISM0 AT ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF]5CE ON ,ORGANIZ$ ,RESI/ANCE1 ,AM]ICAN ,UNIV]SITY 7,WA%+TON1 ,D,C71 ,FEBRU>Y #d1 #b#f4 .<#c#e.> ,YEHUDA ,BAU]1 ,!Y ,*OSE ,LIFE3 ,JEWI% ,RESI/ANCE 9 ! ,HOLOCAU/ 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,JEWI% ,COMMITTEE1 #a#i#g#c7 #c#b1 #c#c4 .<#c#f.> ,IBID41 #b#a4 .<#c#g.> ,IBID41 #c#f4 .<#c#h.> ,= EXAMPLE1 ON A LI/S]V ( =M] 0PRISON]S ( CONSCI5CE0 ) ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS ,WAT* 7,S,O,A,W71 A GR\P ?AT HAS CONDUCT$ ONE ( ! LONGE/-RUNN+ CAMPAIGNS ( NONVIOL5T CIVIL DISOB$I5CE AGA9/ ,U,S =EIGN POLICY1 ONE VET]AN PACIFI/ SUGGE/$ ?AT IF ! MILIT>Y WAS PLAC+ MORE RE/RICTIONS ON PROTE/+ \TSIDE AN ,>MY BASE ?AT HAD BE5 T>GET$ BY DEMON/RATIONS1 WE W]E DO+ SOME?+ WRONG1 & %\LD TAKE A /EP BACK4 ,! SAME P]SON1 REPRES5TATIVE ( A L>GE TR5D )9 ,U,S PACIFISM1 ALSO OBJECT$ TO CALL+ A PROTE/ A 0M>*0 9/EAD ( A WALK 7AL?\< HE CLAIM$ TO UPHOLD ! LEGACY ( ,K+ & ,G&HI74 .<#c#i.> ,BAU]1 ,!Y ,*OSE ,LIFE1 #d#e4 .<#d.> ,IBID41 #c#i-#d4 .<#d#a.> ,IBID41 #ci 7REG>D+ ,KOVNO71 #da 7REG>D+ ,FRANCE74 .<#d#b.> ,IBID41 #d#g-#d#h4 .<#d#c.> ,IBID41 #e4 .<#d#d.> ,IBID41 #e#b-#e#c4 .<#d#e.> ,IBID41 #e#c-#e#d4 .<#d#f.> ,ONE EXAMPLE ( ! M]E ?REAT ( POPUL> VIOL5CE CREAT+ *ANGE COMES FROM ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T 7,A,I,M71 9 ,GORDON1 ,NEBRASKA 9 #a#i#g#b4 ,AN ,OGLALA MAN1 ,RAYMOND ,YELL[ ,?UND]1 HAD BE5 KILL$ BY :ITE PEOPLE :OM POLICE REFUS$ TO >RE/ 7?IS WAS A RELATIVELY COMMON OCCURR5CE74 ,HIS RELATIVES1 F$ UP ) ! APA?Y ( ! GOV]NM5T1 CALL$ 9 ,A,I,M4 ,?IRTE5 HUNDR$ ANGRY ,9DIANS OCCUPI$ ! T[N ( ,GORDON = ?REE DAYS1 ?REAT5+3 0,WE'VE COME H]E TO ,GORDON TODAY TO SECURE JU/ICE = ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS & TO PUT ,GORDON ON ! MAP 444& IF JU/ICE IS NOT IMM$IATELY =?COM+1 WE'LL BE BACK TO TAKE ,GORDON (F ! MAP40 .<,W>D ,*UR*ILL & ,JIM ,V&] ,WALL1 ,AG5TS ( ,REPRESSION3 ,! ,F,B,I'S ,SECRET ,W>S ,AGA9/ ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY & ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS1 #a#i#i71 #a#b#b4.> ,PROMPTLY1 ! TWO MURD]]S W]E >RE/$1 A COP WAS SUSP5D$1 & LOCAL AU?ORITIES MADE SOME EF=T TO 5D DISCRIM9ATION AGA9/ ,9DIANS4 .<#d#g.> ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,MALCOLM1 ,X1 0,TW5TY ,MILLION ,BLACK ,PEOPLE 9 A ,POLITICAL1 ,ECONOMIC1 & ,M5TAL ,PRISON10 9 ,MALCOLM ,X3 ,! ,LA/ ,SPEE*ES1 $4 ,BRUCE ,P]RY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PA?F9D]1 #a#i#h#i71 #b#c-#e#d4 .<#d#h.> ,9 ONE CONV]SATION ,I HAD ) A PACIFI/ ,M&ELA WAS HELD UP AS AN EXEMPL>Y P]SON ( COLOR & AB&ON$ JU/ AS QUICKLY :5 ,I M5TION$ ,M&ELA'S EMBRACE ( >M$ /RUGGLE4 .<,DETAIL$ 9 HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY3 ,NELSON ,M&ELA1 ,LONG ,WALK TO ,FRE$OM3 ,! ,AUTOBIOGRAPHY ( ,NELSON ,M&ELA 7,BO/ON3 ,LITTLE1 ,BR[N1 #a#i#i#e7.>4 .<#d#i.> ,JACK ,GILROY1 E-MAIL1 ,JANU>Y #b#c1 #b#f4 ,?IS P>TICUL> E-MAIL WAS ! CULM9ATION ( A RA!R SORDID CONV]SATION ON ! LI/S]V ( A :ITE PACIFI/ GR\P1 DUR+ :I* P>TICIPANTS DISCUSS$ A SUGGE/$ CIVIL RI* ?R\< ! HE>T ( ! BLACK ,S\?4 ,ONE P]SON SUGGE/$ CALL+ IT A 0WALK0 9/EAD ( A 0M>*10 BECAUSE 0M>*0 CON/ITUTES 0VIOL5T LANGUAGE40 ,GILROY ASS]T$1 0,( C\RSE WE >E CLAIM+ ! MANTLE ( ,DR4 ,K+60 ,?IS LATT] WAS 9 RESPONSE TO A CRITICISM MADE BY A BLACK ACTIVI/1 :O SAID ?AT BY HOLD+ SU* A M>* 7IT WAS SUPPOS$ TO />T 9 ,BIRM+HAM OR ANO!R CITY ( EQUAL SYMBOLISM71 !Y W]E CO-OPT+ ,K+'S LEGACY & W\LD PROBABLY (F5D & ALI5ATE BLACK PEOPLE 7GIV5 ?AT ! ORGANIZATION WAS PR$OM9ANTLY :ITE1 D[NPLAY$ RACE 9 ITS ANALYSIS1 & FOCUS$ ON OPPRESSION OCCURR+ ABROAD :ILE MISS+1 = 9/ANCE1 ! FACT ?AT ! CIVIL RIN$1 HAVE NOT PREA*$ FROM !IR PULPIT 444HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO CONNECT TO \R MOVEM5T TO BR+ JU/ICE TO ALL PEOPLE ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA-:I* 9CLUDES MILLIONS ( PEOPLE ( COLOR40 ,HE F9I%$ (F ! SAME E-MAIL BY 9SI/+ ?AT ! FI40 .<#e.> ,REV4 ,DR4 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR41 9T]VIEW BY ,ALEX ,HALEY1 ,PLAYBOY1 ,JANU>Y #a#i#f#e4 HTTP3_/_/WWW4PLAYBOY4COM_/>TS-5T]TA9M5T_/FEATURES_/MLK_/9DEX4HTML4 .<#e#a.> ,MALCOLM ,X1 QUOT$ 9 ,ABU-,JAMAL1 ,WE ,WANT ,FRE$OM1 #d#a4 ,= MORE ( ,MALCOLM ,X'S !N-CRUCIAL ANALYSIS1 SEE ,GEORGE ,BREITMAN1 $41 ,MALCOLM ,X ,SPEAKS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,GROVE ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#e74 .<#e#b.> ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 #a#f4 .<#e#c.> ,ABU-,JAMAL1 ,WE ,WANT ,FRE$OM1 #b#f#b4 .<#e#d.> ,ALLEGATIONS ( GOV]NM5T 9VOLVEM5T 9 ,MALCOLM ,X'S ASSASS9ATION >E CONV9C+LY PRES5T$ BY ,GEORGE ,BREITMAN1 ,H]MAN ,PORT]1 & ,BAXT] ,SMI? 9 ,! ,ASSASS9ATION ( ,MALCOLM ,X 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PA?F9D] ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#f74 .<#e#e.> ,W>D ,*UR*ILL & ,JIM ,V&] ,WALL1 ,! ,C,O,9,T,E,L,P,R,O ,PAP]S3 ,DOCUM5TS FROM ! ,F,B,I'S ,SECRET ,W>S ,AGA9/ ,DISS5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS1 #a#i#i74 .<#e#f.> ,I KN[ ?AT P]SONALLY1 DESPITE BE+ 9T]E/$ 9 HI/ORY & TAK+ ADVANC$ PLACEM5T ,U,S HI/ORY CLASSES ?R\<\T MY YE>S 9 SOME ( ! BETT] PUBLIC S*OOLS 9 ! NATION1 ,I GRADUAT$ HI< S*OOL KN[+ LITTLE AB\T ,MALCOLM ,X1 O!R ?AN ?AT HE WAS AN 0EXTREMI/0 BLACK ,MUSLIM4 ,H[EV]1 AS E>LY AS ELEM5T>Y S*OOL1 ,I KNEW QUITE A BIT AB\T ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 ,TO BE FAIR1 ,MALCOLM ,X IS AS IMPORTANT1 IF NOT MORE IMPORTANT1 A FIGURE TO ! CIVIL RIS1 MY POLITICAL $UCATION 9 PROGRESSIVE :ITE CIRCLES FAIL$ TO CORRECT EI!R ! :ITE-\T ( ,MALCOLM ,X OR ! MISLEAD+ HAGIOGRAPHY ( ,K+4 ,IT WAS ONLY UPON READ+ 9 BLACK ACTIVI/S' WRIT+S ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ,MALCOLM ,X ?AT ,I DID ! NECESS>Y RESE>*4 .<#e#g.> ,D>R5 ,P>K]1 E-MAIL1 ,JULY #a1 #b#d4 .<#e#h.> ,CONSID] ! POPUL>ITY1 = 9/ANCE1 ( ! FOLL[+ QUOTE3 0,:AT !SE :ITE PEOPLE DO NOT REALIZE IS ?AT ,NEGROES :O RIOT HAVE GIV5 UP ON ,AM]ICA4 ,:5 NO?+ IS DONE TO ALLEVIATE !IR PLIT9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR41 0,A ,TE/AM5T ( ,HOPE0 9 ,JAMES ,MELV9 ,WA%+TON1 $41 ,A ,TE/AM5T ( ,HOPE3 ,! ,ESS5TIAL ,WRIT+S ( ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+1 ,JR4 7,SAN ,FRANCISCO2 ,H>P] @& ,R[1 #a#i#h#f71 #c#b#d4 .<#e#i.> ,?IS S5TIM5T1 ?\< IT HAS BE5 EXPRESS$ BY MANY DIFF]5T PEOPLE1 COMES TO ME MO/ DIRECTLY FROM ,ROG] ,:ITE1 ,PO/ ,COLONIAL ,AN>*ISM 7,OAKL&3 ,JAILBREAK ,PRESS1 #b#d74 ,:ITE PRIM>ILY ADDRESSES :ITE AN>*I/S' FREQU5T T5D5CY TO %UN NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS = NOT CON=M+ TO A P>TICUL> AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY4 ,! DYNAMIC IS SIMIL> TO ! ONE CREAT$ BY PACIFISM1 :I* ,I DESCRIBE1 & BO? >E MORE FUNCTIONS ( :IT5ESS ?AN ANY P>TICUL> IDEOLOGY4 ,PACIFISM HAS BE5 ONE /UMBL+ BLOCK ?AT HAS ALL[$ :ITE RADICALS TO CONTROL OR SABOTAGE LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS1 BUT IT IS BY NO MEANS ! ONLY ONE4 ,:ITE'S BOOK IS WOR? A READ1 PRECISELY BECAUSE MILITANT :ITE AN>*I/S 5C\NT] MANY ( ! SAME PROBLEMS AS :ITE PACIFI/S4 .<#f.> ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 #a#c#d-#a#c#g4 .<#f#a.> ,IBID41 #a#c#g-#a#f#a4 .<#f#b.> ,ABU-,JAMAL1 ,WE ,WANT ,FRE$OM1 #g4 .<#f#c.> ,P]SONAL E-MAIL TO AU?OR1 ,DECEMB] #b#c4 .<#f#d.> ,DAVID ,CORTRIY #a#h1 #b#b1 HTTP3_/_/WWW4!NATION4COM_/DOC_/#b#b#b#a#h_/CORTRITICLE ATTRIBUTES A ONE-WORD QUOTE TO ,CES> ,*AVEZ1 BUT IT IS LEFT TO :ITE PACIFI/S TO EXPLA9 ! MEAN+ & IMPLEM5TATION ( NONVIOL5T /RATEGIES4 .<#f#e.> ,BOB ,IRW9 & ,GORDON ,FAISON1 0,:Y ,NONVIOL5CE8 ,9TRODUCTION TO ,!ORY & ,/RATEGY10 ,V]NAL ,PROJECT1 #a#i#g#h1 HTTP3_/_/WWW4V]NALPROJECT4ORG_/,O,PAP]S_/,:Y,N,V_/,:Y,NONVIOL5CE#b4HTML4 .<#f#f.> ,/AUY ,HI/ORY 7,M>YKNOLL1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,ORBIS ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#e74 .<#f#g.> ,QUOTES FROM :ITE ORGANIZ]S AT ! TIME1 9 ,W>D ,*UR*ILL1 ,PACIFISM AS ,PA?OLOGY4 #f-#f#b4 .<#f#h.> ,>T ,GI%1 0,VIOL5CE_/,NONVIOL5CE0 7PANEL DISCUSSION1 ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,CONF]5CE1 ,A!NS1 ,O,H1 ,AUGU/ #a#c1 #b#d74 .<#f#i.> ,TANI & ,S]A1 ,FALSE ,NATIONALISM1 #aa -- #a#b4 .<#g.> ,BEL9DA ,ROBNETT1 ,H[ ,LONG8 ,H[ ,LONG8 ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICAN ,WOM5 9 ! ,/RUGGLE = ,CIVIL ,RI ,KRI/IAN ,WILLIAMS1 ,\R ,5EMIES 9 ,BLUE 7,BROOKLYN3 ,S(T ,SKULL ,PRESS1 #b#d71 #h#g4 .<#g#b.> ,IBID41 #b#f#f4 .<#g#c.> ,KEI? ,MC,H5RY1 E-MAIL1 9T]NATIONAL ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS LI/S]V1 ,APRIL #b1 #b#f4 .<#g#d.> ,FRANTZ ,FANON1 ,! ,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>? 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,GROVE ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#c71 #h#f4 .<#g#e.> ,IBID41 #i#d4 .<#g#f.> ,D>R5 ,P>K]1 E-MAIL1 ,JULY #a1 #b#d4 .<#g#g.> ,*UR*ILL & ,V&] ,WALL1 ,AG5TS ( ,REPRESSION1 #a#h#h4 .<#g#h.> ,SOME ( ! MO/ D$ICAT$ NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S 9 ! ,U,S HAVE FAC$ TORTURE & MURD] 9 ! C\RSE ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN SOLID>ITY WORK4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT QUITE ! 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SAME E-MAIL1 HE QUOT$ FROM ,SUN ,TZU'S ,>T ( ,W> TO BOL/] HIS CASE & IMPROVE HIS TACTICAL SOPHI/ICATION4 ,:E!R ,SUN ,TZU W\LD HAVE AGRE$ ) HIS !ORIES' BE+ US$ 9 AN >GUM5T = ! EFFICACY ( PACIFISM IS QUE/IONABLE4 .<#h#c.> ,E-MAIL TO AU?OR1 ,OCTOB] #b#d4 .<#h#d.> ,DAVID ,DELL+]1 0,! ,BLACK ,REBELLIONS10 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,NONVIOL5CE3 ,ESSAYS BY ,DAVID ,DELL+] 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,AN*OR1 #a#i#g#a71 #b#g4 ,9 ! SAME ESSAY1 ,DELL+] ADMITS ?AT 0!RE >E OCCASIONS :5 ?OSE :O ACT NONVIOL5TLY !MSELVES MU/ BECOME RELUCTANT ALLIES OR CRITICAL SUPPORT]S ( ?OSE :O RESORT TO VIOL5CE40 .<#h#e.> ,GILB]T1 ,NO ,SURR5D]1 #b#c4 .<#h#f.> ,ABU-,JAMAL1 ,WE ,WANT ,FRE$OM1 #g#f4 .<#h#g.> ,BEL9DA ,ROBNETT PO9TS \T ?AT BY BECOM+ MORE MILITANT & ADOPT+ A ,BLACK ,P[] IDEOLOGY1 PREVI\SLY NONVIOL5T GR\PS SU* AS ,S,N,C,C 0L$ LIB]AL F9ANCIAL SUPPORT]S . TO /OP CONTRIBUT+40 ,?IS LOSS ( MA9/REAM FUND+ L$ 9 P>T TO ! COLLAPSE ( ! ORGANIZATION 7,ROBNETT1 ,H[ ,LONG8 #a#h#d-#a#h#f74 ,ROBNETT1 H[EV]1 EQUATES ! AB&ONM5T ( NONVIOL5CE ) MA*ISMO4 ,REFLECT+ H] ACADEMIC /ATUS 7AS A SOCIOLOGY PR(ESSOR 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA SY/EM71 %E BLURS ! L9E BETWE5 ,F,B,I-PAID PROVOCATEURS ADVOCAT+ SEXISM )9 ! MOVEM5T 7= EXAMPLE1 ,RON ,K>5GA7 & LEGITIMATE ACTIVI/S ADVOCAT+ 9CREAS$ MILITANCY1 OR LEGITIMATE ACTIVI/S :O DID1 9 FACT1 CONFUSE MILITANCY ) MA*ISMO4 ,%E ALSO M5TIONS ?AT ,ANGELA ,DAVIS COMPLA9$ AB\T BE+ CRITICIZ$ BY MILITANT BLACK NATIONALI/S 0= DO+ A 'MAN'S JOB'0 7,ROBNETT1 ,H[ ,LONG8 #a#h#c71 BUT %E NEGLECTS TO M5TION ?AT ,DAVIS WAS HIE NOT SELF-SU/A9+ & 9/EAD RELY ON ! SUPPORT ( ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T & :ITE DONORS4 .<#h#h.> ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #i1 #b#f1 A MEMB] ( ! NONVIOL5T GR\P ,S,O,A ,WAT* 7:I* ATTRACTS SUPPORT FROM A RANGE ( GR\PS1 FROM PROGRESSIVES TO AN>*I/S7 SUGGE/$ ON AN E-MAIL LI/ ?AT BECAUSE POLICE HAD BE5 DEAL+ ) ! ANNUAL DEMON/RATION \TSIDE ,=T ,B5N+ 9 ,GEORGIA MORE AGGRESSIVELY 9 REC5T YE>S1 ! GR\P %\LD MOVE ! DEMON/RATION 9TO SOME PUBLIC PLACE AWAY FROM ! 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TRAUMATIZ+ EFFECTS ON MANY PROTE/]S1 SEE ,! ,MIAMI ,MODE63 ,A ,GUIDE TO ! ,EV5TS ,SURR\ND+ ! ,F,T,A,A ,M9I/]IAL 9 ,MIAMI1 ,NOVEMB] #b-#b#a1 #bc 7,DEC5TRALIZ$ PUBLICATION & DI/RIBUTION1 #b#c74 ,= MORE 9=MATION1 WRITE TO !RESONLYN[@aHOTMAIL4COM4 .<#a#a#e.> ,WOLFI ,L&/REI*]1 0,AUTONOM\S ,SELF-,ORGANIZATION & ,AN>*I/ ,9T]V5TION10 ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$1 NO4 #eh 7,FALL-,W9T] #b#d73 #e#f4 ,! TWO FOLL[+ QUOTES 9 ! P>AGRAPH >E FROM ! SAME PAGE4 ,L&/REI*] RECOMM5DS ,ALBANIA3 ,LABORATORY ( ,SUBV]SION 7,LONDON3 ,ELEPHANT ,$ITIONS1 #a#i#i#i74 ,AVAILABLE ONL9E AT HTTP3_/_/WWW45DPAGE4COM_/ ,>*IVES_/,MIRRORS_/,CLASS.-,AGA9/.-,CLASS_/ALBANIA4HTML4 .<#a#a#f.> ,FANON1 ,! ,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>?1 #a#b#d4 .<#a#a#g.> ,= MORE ON PATRI>*Y1 ,I HIRIORS74 ,ALSO1 FROM A HI/ORICAL1 AN?ROPOLOGICAL APPROA*1 ,G]DA ,L]N]'S ,! ,CREATION ( ,PATRI>*Y 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#f7 HAS GOOD 9=MATION1 ?\< ,L]N] L>GELY LIMITS H]SELF TO A B9>Y P]SPECTIVE ( G5D]1 ACCEPT+ TWO G5D] CATEGORIES AS NATURAL1 & ?US MISS+ ! FIR/ & MO/ IMPORTANT /EP 9 ! CREATION ( PATRI>*Y1 :I* IS ! CREATION ( TWO RIGID G5D] CATEGORIES4 ,9T]E/+ 9=MATION CORRECT+ ?IS OMISSION CAN BE F\ND 9 ,MOIRA ,DONALD & ,L9DA ,HURCOMBE1 $S41 ,REPRES5TATIONS ( ,G5D] FROM ,PREHI/ORY TO ,PRES5T 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,PRESS1 #b74 .<#a#a#h.> ,! LATT] /RATEGY HAS BE5 APPLI$ SUCCESSFULLY BY NUM]\S ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETIES ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 9CLUD+ ! ,IGBO ( PRES5T DAY ,NIG]IA4 ,= ?AT EXAMPLE1 SEE ,JUDI? ,VAN ,ALL51 0',SITT+ ON A ,MAN1' ,COLONIALISM & ! ,LO/ ,POLITICAL ,9/ITUTIONS ( ,IGBO ,WOM510 ,CANADIAN ,J\RNAL ( ,AFRICAN ,/UDIES1 VOL4 #b1 7#a#i#g#b73 #b#a#a-#b#a#i4 .<#a#a#i.> ,= MORE ON RE/ORATIVE JU/ICE1 A 0NE$S-BAS$0 =M ( DEAL+ ) SOCIAL H>M ?R\< HEAL+ & RECONCILIATION 7?US1 A CONCEPT ( JU/ICE SUIT$ = DEAL+ ) ! MANY 0CRIMES0 ?AT >E ROOT$ 9 PATRI>*Y71 SEE ,L>RY ,TIFFT1 ,BATT]+ ( ,WOM53 ,! ,FAILURE ( ,9T]V5TION & ! ,CASE = ,PREV5TION 7,B\LD]3 ,WE/VIEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c7 & ,D5NIS ,SULLIVAN & ,L>RY ,TIFFT1 ,RE/ORATIVE ,JU/ICE3 ,HEAL+ ! ,F\NDATIONS ( ,\R ,EV]YDAY ,LIVES 7,MONSEY1 ,N,Y3 ,WILL[ ,TREE ,PRESS1 #b#a74 .<#a#b.> BELL HOOKS PRES5TS A MORE COMPLEX ANALYSIS1 DEAL+ ALSO ) ! VIOL5CE ( WOM51 9 SEV]AL BOOKS 9CLUD+ ,! ,WILL TO ,*ANGE3 ,M51 ,MASCUL9ITY1 & ,LOVE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,ATRIA ,BOOKS1 #b#d74 ,H[EV]1 ! WOM5'S VIOL5CE ?AT HOOKS DISCUSSES IS NOT A POLITICAL1 CONSCI\S VIOL5CE DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! AG5TS ( PATRI>*Y1 BUT1 RA!R1 AN IMPULSIVE DISPLACEM5T ( ABUSE AIM$ AT *ILDR5 & O!RS L[] 9 ! SOCIAL HI]>*Y4 ,?IS IS ONE EXAMPLE ( A TRUE CYCLE ( VIOL5CE1 :I* PACIFI/S ASSUME TO BE ! ONLY =M ( VIOL5CE4 ,& :ILE ALL TRAUMATIC =MS ( VIOL5CE CYCLE 7?AT IS1 HAVE SUCCESSIVE RAMIFICATIONS AS PEOPLE MALADAPTIVELY REACT TO ! TRAUMA ( ! 9ITIAL VIOL5CE71 REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S >GUE ?AT ALL VIOL5T HI]>*IES >E HELD TOGE!R BY SY/EMATIC DEPLOYM5TS ( D[NW>D VIOL5CE1 ! ORIG9ATORS ( :I* %\LD & MU/ BE 9CAPACITAT$4 ,! WORLD IS NOT A LEVEL PLAY+ FIELD ON :I* VIOL5CE REB\NDS CONSI/5TLY1 EV5LY ORIG9AT+ FROM & AFFECT+ PEOPLE :O >E EQUAL 9 P[] & RESPONSIBILITY4 ,TO BE MORE SPECIFIC1 IF WOM5 ORGANIZ$ COLLECTIVELY TO =CEFULLY ATTACK & OPPOSE RAPI/S1 SPECIFIC RAPES W\LD BE PREV5T$1 ! TRAUMA ( PA/ RAPES W\LD BE EXORCIZ$ 9 A CON/RUCTIVE & EMP[]+ WAY1 M5 W\LD BE D5I$ ! 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BLACK BLOC AS A MILITANT TACTIC1 NOT TO PUNK FA%ION BLOCS ?AT WE> ALL BLACK BUT 9 ! 5D ACT PASSIVELY4 ,REAL BLACK BLOCS >E BECOM+ LESS COMMON 9 ! ,U,S4 .<#b#c.> ,SPRUCE ,H\S]1 0,VIOL5CE_/,NONVIOL5CE0 PANEL DISCUSSION4 ,H\S] IS A SELF-PROCLAIM$ AN>*I/ & PACIFI/4 .<#b#d.> ,H\S]1 0,DOME/IC ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T ,9CREAS+LY ,ESP\SES ,VIOL5CE10 HTTP3_/_/A!NSNEWS4COM_/9DEX4PHP8ACTION"7VIEW>TICLE@&SECTION"7>*IVES@&/ORY.-ID"7#a#g#d#i#g4 ,9 TRUE PACIFI/ =M1 ,H\S] SUBMITT$ HIS >TICLE TO ! ,A!NS ,NEWS 9 PREP>ATION = ! COM+ ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,CONF]5CE1 9 AN ATTEMPT TO BOL/] PACIFISM BY TURN+ LOCAL PUBLIC OP9ION AGA9/ ! 0VIOL5T AN>*I/S40 ,HE MEEKLY PROTE/S ! FACT ?AT HIS >TICLE WAS TURN$ BY ! CORPORATE M$IA 9TO PROPAG&A AGA9/ ! 5TIRE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ) A H&WRITT5 NOTE1 SCRAWL$ ON ! MANY PHOTOCOPIES ( ! >TICLE HE H&$ \T1 /AT+ ?AT HIS ORIG9AL TITLE WAS 0,AN>*ISM & ,VIOL5CE10 BUT ! $ITOR *ANG$ IT4 .<#b#e.> ,BURT ,GRE51 0,! ,MEAN+ ( ,TIANANM510 ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$1 NO4 #eh 7,FALL-,W9T] #b#d73 #d#d4 .<#b#f.> ,JUDI? ,KOHL]1 0,ANTIW> ,NUNS ,S5T5C$ TO #b #a_/#b ,YE>S10 ,ASSOCIAT$ ,PRESS1 ,JULY #b#e1 #b#c4 ,I WON'T BEGRUDGE ANYONE ! USE ( ANY TRIAL /RATEGY %E DEEMS APPROPRIATE1 BUT1 9 ?IS CASE1 ! NUNS' >GUM5T TRU?FULLY REFLECTS ! FACT ?AT !Y DID NOT CAUSE ANY REAL1 PHYSICAL DE/RUCTION TO ! MISSILE FACILITY1 :5 !Y C]TA9LY HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO CAUSE SU* DE/RUCTION4 .<#b#g.> ,A ?IRD POSSIBLE DEF9ITION MIY ACTION T[>D ! GOAL ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* EV]YONE C\LD A*IEVE !IR NE$S C\LD NOT BE CONSID]$ VIOL5T4 ,BECAUSE WE LIVE 9 A SOCIETY 9 :I* \R CONCEPT ( JU/ICE IS BAS$ ON PUNI%M5T1 :I* IS TO SAY ?AT ! BEHAVIOR ( JU/ PEOPLE IS ! AVOIDANCE ( TRANSGRESSION1 COMMON S5SE RECOGNIZES PAY+ TAXES 7TO AN IMP]IALI/ /ATE7 TO BE NONVIOL5T1 :ILE PAY+ A CONTRACT KILL] IS CONSID]$ VIOL5T4 ,?\< BO? ACTIONS HAVE SIMIL> RESULTS1 IT IS C]TA9LY EASI] TO EXPECT PEOPLE NOT TO COMMIT ! LATT] ACTION 7:I* REQUIRES TAK+ 9ITIATIVE7 & P]MIT !M TO COMMIT ! =M] ACTION 7:I* IS JU/ GO+ ALONG ) ! FL[74 ,9 SU* A SOCIETY 7= EXAMPLE1 \RS71 PACIFISM REALLY IS PASSIVISM BECAUSE NOT COMMITT+ VIOL5CE REALLY HAS MORE TO DO ) AVOID+ CULPABILITY ?AN ) TAK+ RESPONSIBILITY4 .<#b#h.> ,TODD ,ALL9 ,MORMAN1 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,VIOL5CE & ! ,FUTURE ,AN>*I/ ,ORD]10 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 NO4 #* 7#b#e73 #c-#c#h4 .<#b#i.> ,IBID41 #c#d4 .<#b#a.> ,IBID41 #c#e4 .<#b#a#a.> ,FANON1 ,! ,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>?1 #c#f4 .<#b#a#b.> ,*UR*ILL & ,V&] ,WALL1 ,AG5TS ( ,REPRESSION1 #a#c-#a#f4 .<#b#a#c.> ,?IS IS :AT ACADEMIC AN>*I/ ,H[>D ,EHRLI* ADVIS$ 9 HIS KEYNOTE ADDRESS TO ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,CONV]G5CE 9 ,A!NS1 ,OHIO1 ,AUGU/ #a#d1 #b#d4 .<#b#a#d.> ,QUOT$ 9 A VIDEO CLIP 9CLUD$ 9 ,SAM ,GRE5 & ,BILL ,SIEGEL1 DIRECTOR_/PRODUC]1 ,! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND 7,! ,FREE ,HI/ORY ,PROJECT1 #b#c74 ,AS = ! FLEXIBILITY ( ,G&HI'S COMMITM5T TO NONVIOL5CE1 HIS WORDS ON ,PALE/9IAN RESI/ANCE >E 9=MATIVE3 0,I WI% !Y HAD *OS5 ! WAY ( NONVIOL5CE 9 RESI/+ :AT !Y RID AS AN UNACCEPTABLE 5CROA*M5T UPON !IR C\NTRY4 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO ! ACCEPT$ CANONS ( RIAB RESI/ANCE 9 ! FACE ( OV]:ELM+ ODDS40 ,JEWS = ,JU/ICE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 ,! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,PALE/9E4,ISRAEL ,CONFLICT1 #cM $4 7,B]KELEY3 ,JEWS = ,JU/ICE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 #b#a74 ,! AU?ORS CITE ,M>T9 ,BUB] & ,PAUL ,R4 ,M5DES,FLOHR1 ,A ,L& ( ,TWO ,PEOPLES 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#c74 .<#b#a#e.> ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S FREQU5TLY RELY ON ! M$IA TO DISSEM9ATE !IR PO9T4 ,I HAVE ALREADY M5TION$ MULTIPLE EXAMPLES 9VOLV+ PROTE/S4 ,= ANO!R EXAMPLE3 ,ON ,JANU>Y #c#a1 #b#f1 AN ACTIVI/ ON A LI/S]V = ! SUPPOS$LY RADICAL ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN GR\P ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS PO/$ A SUGGE/ION = AN ACTION DUR+ ,PRESID5T ,BU%'S ,/ATE ( ! ,UNION ADDRESS4 ,! SUGGE/ION WAS = ?\S&S ( PEOPLE TO ,GOOGLE ! PHRASE 0,IMPEA* ,BU%0 DUR+ HIS SPEE*4 ,SUPPOS$LY1 ! CORPORATE M$IA W\LD PICK UP ON ?IS FACTOID & BEG9 PUBLICIZ+ IT RA!R ?AN !IR TYPICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS ( H[ WELL ,BU% PRES5T$ HIMSELF 9 HIS SPEE*4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 NO SU* ?+ OCCURR$4 .<#b#a#f.> ,MALCOLM ,X HAD ?IS TO SAY AB\T ,G&HIAN NOTIONS ( UNIV]SAL BRO!RHOOD & LOVE3 0,MY BELIEF 9 BRO!RHOOD W\LD NEV] RE/RA9 ME 9 ANY WAY FROM PROTECT+ MYSELF 9 A SOCIETY FROM A PEOPLE :OSE DISRESPECT = BRO!RHOOD MAKES !M FEEL 9CL9$ TO PUT MY NECK ON A TREE AT ! 5D ( A ROPE40 ,P]RY1 ,MALCOLM ,X3 ,! ,LA/ ,SPEE*ES1 #h#h4 .<#b#a#g.> ,= EXAMPLE1 MY ACQUANTANCES 9 PRISON W]E CONS]VATIVE 9 CONDEMN+ ! 0,D,C ,SNIP]0 & EV5 HOP+ ?AT ! P]PETRATOR W\LD GET ! DEA? P5ALTY4 ,BUT :5 AN (F-DUTY ,F,B,I AG5T WAS ADD$ TO ! LI/ ( SNIP] VICTIMS1 !Y ALL EXPRESS$ IMM5SE SATISFACTION4 .<#b#a#h.> ,A%5 ,RU9S1 ,AGA9/ ! ,CORPSE ,MA*9E4 #c#a4 ,FANON1 ,! ,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>?1 #e#d4 .<#b#a#i.> ,A PRIME EXAMPLE IS ,/EPH5 ,SALISBURY & ,M>K ,F9EMAN1 0,DEEP ,D[N AT ,GRAT]=D3 ,JO-,JO ,B[5 & ',! ,HOLE1'01 ,! ,PHILADELPHIA ,9QUIR]1 VOL4 #c#e1 NO4 #a#b#a1 ,NOVEMB] #h1 #a#i#h#a1 ,A#a4 ,! FIR/ SIX P>AGRAPHS ( ! >TICLE >E ALL AB\T ,JOSEPH ,B[5 & HIS EXP]I5CES 9 ! ,HOLE1 9CLUD+ NUM]\S QUOTES FROM ,B[5 & P]SONALIZ+ DESCRIPTIONS ?AT PORTRAY HIM AS HE SPEAKS -- ! READ] IS ?US BR\AGRAPH BEG9S1 0,BUT ,JOSEPH ,B[5 ALSO =C$ ?OSE NEGOTIATORS -- & ?US1 ! WORLD ON ! /REETS \TSIDE -- TO SEE MORE ?AN A ?REE-TIME MURD]] ) NEW-F\ND P[]4 ,?R\< NEGOTIATOR ,*UCK ,/ONE & ! M$IA ?AT COV]$ EV]Y NUANCE ( HIS FIVE-DAY SIEGE1 ,B[5 ALSO =C$ ! \TSIDE WORLD TO CONFRONT ! REALITIES ( ANO!R WORLD -- A WORLD ( 9/ITUTIONS HE & ?\S&S ( O!R 9MATES 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA P]CEIVE AS OPPRESSIVE & RACI/1 ROBB+ HUMAN BE+S ( NOT ONLY !IR DIGNITY1 BUT1 SOMETIMES1 !IR LIVES40 .<#b#b.> ,*UR*ILL1 ,PACIFISM AS ,PA?OLOGY1 #g-#g#e4 .<#b#b#a.> ,TO CONFIRM ! PREVAL5CE ( ?IS M9DSET AMONG ANTI-,S,O,A PACIFI/S1 & TO HE> !SE PREPO/]\S CLAIMS REPEAT$ AD NAUSEAM1 ONE NE$ ONLY ATT5D ! YE>LY VIGIL \TSIDE ,=T ,B5N+1 HOME ( ! ,S,O,A4 .<#b#b#b.> ,EAT+ MEAT & PAY+ TAXES >E P]HAPS SELF-EXPLANATORY4 ,RESE>* 9TO ALUM9UM PRODUCTION 7& ! CONCOMITANT ( HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM CON/RUCTION71 AUTO-FACTORY CONDITIONS1 AIR POLLUTION CAUS$ BY 9T]NAL COMBU/ION 5G9ES1 ! LEVEL ( FATALITIES 9CURR$ AS A MATT] ( C\RSE BY A C> CULTURE1 & ! WAY 9 :I* 9DU/RIALIZ$ NATIONS PROCURE !IR PETROLEUM WILL REVEAL :Y DRIV+ A C> IS A VIOL5T ACTIVITY1 5\< SO ?AT WE CANNOT TAKE S]I\SLY A MORAL PACIFI/ :O DRIVES A C>4 ,EAT+ T(U1 9 ! CURR5T ECONOMY1 IS 9TEGRALLY CONNECT$ TO ! USE ( DISPOSABLE IMMIGRANT LABOR1 G5ETIC MODIFICATIONS ( SOY & ! RESULT+ DE/RUCTION ( ECOSY/EMS & FOOD CULTURES1 & ! ABILITY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO UND]M9E SUBSI/5CE-F>M+ CULTURES >\ND ! WORLD1 FUEL+ GLOBALIZATION ) ! ?REAT & REALITY ( />VATION4 ,PAY+ R5T SUPPORTS PROP]TY [N]S :O WILL ?R[ A FAMILY \T 9TO ! /REETS IF !Y CANNOT MAKE PAYM5TS 9 TIME1 :O 9VE/ 9 ECOCIDAL DEVELOPM5T & URBAN SPRAWL1 & :O ASSI/ 9 ! G5TRIFY+ ( CITIES1 ) ATT5DANT VIOL5CE LEVI$ AGA9/ HOMELESS PEOPLE1 PEOPLE ( COLOR1 & L[-9COME FAMILIES4 ,BE+ NICE TO A COP CONTRIBUTES TO ! MASO*I/ CULTURE ( WOR%IP ?AT ALL[S AG5TS ( LAW & ORD] TO BEAT & MURD] PEOPLE ) IMPUNITY4 ,IT IS A /RIK+ HI/ORICAL PECULI>ITY ?AT ALL[S POLICE TO 5JOY BROAD POPUL> SUPPORT1 & EV5 ?9K ( !MSELVES AS H]OES1 :5 IT US$ TO BE ?AT !Y W]E WELL KN[N AS SCUM & LACKEYS ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 .<#b#b#c.> ,FANON1 ,! ,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>?1 #e#d4 .<#b#b#d.> 0,WE >E AT W>44440 ,>T ,BURTON 7KEYNOTE ADDRESS1 ,PEOPLE ,UNIT$1 ,AFTON1 ,V,A1 ,JUNE #a#i1#b#d74 ,BURTON WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,RI*MOND ,N,A,A,C,P4 ,! ,ZAPATI/AS DESCRIBE ! CURR5T WORLD ORD] AS ! ,F\R? ,WORLD ,W>1 & ?IS S5TIM5T HAS BE5 E*O$ ACROSS ! GLOBE4 .<#b#b#e.> ,HEL5 ,WOODSON & MY =M] CODEF5DANT & CELLMATE ,J]RY ,ZAWADA COME TO M9D AS COMMITT$1 PACIFI/ REVOLUTION>IES4 .<#b#b#f.> ,?\< ?IS P>TICUL> QUOTE IS MY [N WORD+1 ! >GUM5T IT REPRES5TS COMES FREQU5TLY FROM ! M\?S ( NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S4 ,TODD ,ALL9 ,MORMAN BEG9S HIS >TICLE 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,VIOL5CE & ! ,FUTURE ,AN>*I/ ,ORD]0 BY PO9T+ \T ?AT NONE ( ! VIOL5T REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,RUSSIA1 ,*9A1 OR ,CUBA 0HAS L$ TO A JU/ SOCIETY1 A FREE SOCIETY OR EV5 TO A 'WORK]S' P>ADISE0 7#c74 .<#b#b#g.> ,I AM JUDG+ ! ,L59I/S' MOTIVATIONS BY ! AIMS & ACTIONS ( !IR LEAD]S -- AS MEMB]S ( AN AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATION1 ! RANK-&-FILE DEMON/RABLY PRIORITIZ$ FOLL[+ ! LEAD]S OV] !IR [N 9T5TIONS1 GOOD OR BAD4 ,! AIMS & ACTIONS ( ! ,L59I/ LEAD]%IP1 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 9CLUD$ IMPROV+ & EXP&+ ! ,CZ>I/ SECRET POLICE1 RECON/ITUT$ AS ! ,*EKA2 =CIBLY CONV]T+ MILLIONS ( 9DEP5D5T PEASANTS 9TO WAGE LABOR]S2 BLOCK+ DIRECT B>T] BETWE5 PRODUC]S2 9/ITUT+ />K WAGE HI]>*IES BETWE5 (FIC]S & SOLDI]S ,CZ>I/ (FIC]S2 TAK+ 9 ! MILIT>Y1 :I* WAS COMPOS$ L>GELY ( EX-,CZ>I/ (FIC]S1 TAK+ OV]1 C5TRALIZ+1 & ULTIMATELY DE/ROY+ ! 9DEP5D5T WORK]S' 0SOVIETS10 OR C\NCILS2 SEEK+ & ACCEPT+ DEVELOPM5T LOANS FROM ,BRITI% & ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S2 B>GA9+ & COLLABORAT+ ) IMP]IALI/ P[]S AT ! 5D ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I2 REPRESS+ ! 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SURVIVAL ( DEC5TRALIZ$ NETWORKS4 ,BORUM & ,TILBV1 0,AN>*I/ ,DIRECT ,ACTIONS10 #b#c-#b#b#c4 .<#b#c.> ,)\T AUTONOMY1 !RE CAN BE NO FRE$OM4 ,= A BASIC 9TRODUCTION TO !SE & O!R AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 SEE ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,AN>*Y 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#b72 OR ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ,MUTUAL ,AID3 ,A ,FACTOR 9 ,EVOLUTION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,ALFR$ ,A4 ,KNOPF1 #a#i#b#a74 ,A GOOD >TICLE CONTA9+ ?\*I/ REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS SIMIL> TO ! ONE ,I HAVE PHRAS$ IS ,WOLFI ,L&/REI*]'S 0,AUTONOM\S ,SELF-,ORGANIZATION & ,AN>*I/ ,9T]V5TION40 ,ALSO1 ,ROG] ,:ITE'S ,PO/ ,COLONIAL ,AN>*ISM PROVIDES A NUMB] ( IMPORTANT >GUM5TS = ! RI ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,BLACK ,LIB]ATION ,>MY1 ONE ( ! MORE SUCCESSFUL URBAN GU]RILLA GR\PS 9 ! ,U,S1 FAIL$ 9 L>GE P>T = WANT ( AN ABOVEGR\ND SUPPORT /RUCTURE1 ACCORD+ TO ,JALIL ,MUNTAQIM1 ,WE ,>E ,\R ,[N ,LIB]ATORS 7,MONTREAL3 ,ABRAHAM ,GUILL5 ,PRESS1 #b#b71 #c#g-#c#h4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! AN>*I/ 9SURG5T >MY L$ BY ,MAKHNO 9 ,UKRA9E C\LD SU/A9 EFFECTIVE GU]RILLA W>F>E AGA9/ ! 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