,*APT] #f 
,NONVIOL5CE IS ,DELUD$ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,NONVIOL5CE IS ,DELUD$ 

,W>D ,*UR*ILL HAS >GU$ ?AT PACIFISM IS PA?OLOGICAL4 ,I W\LD SAY ?AT1 AT ! LEA/1 ! ADVANCEM5T ( NONVIOL5CE AS A REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE 9 ! PRES5T CONTEXT IS DEP5D5T ON A NUMB] ( DELUSIONS4 ,:]E TO BEG98 

,(T51 AFT] %[+ ?AT ! VICTORIES ( NONVIOL5CE W]E NOT VICTORIES AT ALL1 EXCEPT = ! /ATE1 ,I HAVE 5C\NT]$ ! SIMPLI/IC C\NT]>GUM5T ?AT BECAUSE SOME P>TICUL> MILITANT /RUGGLE OR ACT ( VIOL5CE WAS UNSUCCESSFUL1 0VIOL5CE0 IS EQUALLY 9EFFECTIVE4 ,I DON'T RECALL EV] HE>+ ANYONE SAY ?AT ! USE ( VIOL5CE 5SURES VICTORY4 ,I HOPE EV]YONE CAN SEE ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 %[+ ! FAILURES ( PACIFI/ VICTORIES & %[+ ! FAILURES ( MILITANT /RUGGLES ?AT NO ONE EV] CLAIM$ AS VICTORIES4 ,IT IS NOT CONTROV]SIAL TO ASS]T ?AT MILITANT SOCIAL MOVEM5TS HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 *ANG+ SOCIETY1 OR EV5 BECOM+ ! PREVAL5T =CE 9 SOCIETY4 ,TO RE/ATE ?AT3 EV]YONE MU/ ADMIT ?AT /RUGGLES US+ A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS 79CLUD+ >M$ /RUGGLE7 CAN SUCCE$4 ,HI/ORY IS FULL ( EXAMPLES3 REVOLUTIONS 9 ,NOR? & ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 ,FRANCE1 ,IREL&1 ,*9A1 ,CUBA1 ,ALG]IA1 ,VIETNAM1 & SO =?4 ,IT IS ALSO NOT T]RIBLY CONTROV]SIAL TO ASS]T ?AT ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN MILITANT MOVEM5TS HAVE SUCCE$$ = A TIME 9 LIB]AT+ >EAS & CREAT+ POSITIVE SOCIAL *ANGES 9 ?OSE >EAS4 ,CASES 9 PO9T 9CLUDE COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> & 9 ,MAKHNO'S ,UKRA9E1 ! AUTONOM\S ZONE 9 ! ,%9M9 ,PROV9CE CREAT$ BY ! ,KOREAN ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION1 & ! TEMPOR>Y BREA?+ ROOM WON = ! ,LAKOTA BY ,CRAZY ,HORSE & HIS W>RIORS4 ,:AT IS DEBATABLE1 TO SOME1 IS :E!R MILITANT MOVEM5TS CAN W9 & SURVIVE 9 ! LONG T]M :ILE REMA9+ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,TO CONV9C+LY >GUE AGA9/ ?IS POSSIBILITY1 PACIFI/S W\LD HAVE TO %[ ?AT US+ VIOL5CE AGA9/ AN AU?ORITY 9EVITABLY MAKES ONE TAKE ON AU?ORIT>IAN *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT PACIFI/S HAVE NOT DONE & CANNOT DO4 

,(T51 PACIFI/S PREF] TO *>ACT]IZE !MSELVES AS RI<TE\S ?AN TO LOGICALLY DEF5D !IR POSITION4 ,MO/ PEOPLE :O HAVE HE>D ! >GUM5TS ( NONVIOL5CE HAVE WITNESS$ ! =MULATION OR ASSUMPTION ?AT NONVIOL5CE IS ! PA? ( ! D$ICAT$ & DISCIPL9$1 & ?AT VIOL5CE IS ! 0EASY WAY \T10 A GIV+ 9 TO BASE EMOTIONS4.<#a#i#c.> ,?IS IS PAT5TLY ABSURD4 ,NONVIOL5CE IS ! EASY WAY \T4 ,PEOPLE :O *OOSE TO COMMIT !MSELVES TO NONVIOL5CE FACE A F> MORE COM=TABLE FUTURE ?AN ?OSE :O *OOSE TO COMMIT !MSELVES TO REVOLUTION4 ,A PRISON] ( ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T TOLD ME 9 CORRESPOND5CE ?AT :5 HE JO9$ ! /RUGGLE 7AS A TE5AG]1 NO LESS71 HE KNEW HE W\LD 5D UP EI!R DEAD OR 9 PRISON4 ,MANY ( HIS COMRADES >E DEAD4 ,= CONT9U+ ! /RUGGLE BEH9D PRISON WALLS1 HE HAS BE5 LOCK$ UP 9 SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T = LONG] ?AN ,I HAVE BE5 ALIVE4 ,COMP>E ?IS ) ! REC5T COM=TABLE1 COMMEMORAT$ DEA?S ( ,DAVID ,DELL+] & ,PHIL ,B]RIGAN4 ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S CAN GIVE !IR LIVES TO !IR CAUSE1 & A FEW HAVE1 BUT1 UNLIKE MILITANT ACTIVI/S1 !Y DO NOT FACE A PO9T ( NO RETURN AFT] :I* !RE IS NO GO+ BACK TO A COM=TABLE LIFE4 ,!Y CAN ALWAYS SAVE !MSELVES BY COMPROMIS+ !IR TOTAL OPPOSITION1 & MO/ DO4 

,ASIDE FROM REFLECT+ AN IGNORANCE ( ! REALITY ( ! DIFF]5T CONSEQU5CES ( C]TA9 POLITICAL ACTIONS1 ! BELIEF ?AT NON-PACIFI/ /RUGGLE IS ! EASY WAY \T IS (T5 T+$ ) RACISM4 ,! AU?ORS ( ! ESSAY 0,:Y ,NONVIOL5CE80 DO !IR BE/ ?R\<\T ! 5TIRE ESSAY TO AVOID M5TION ( RACE1 BUT 9 ! QUE/ION-&-ANSW] SECTION !Y PROVIDE A VEIL$ RESPONSE TO CRITICISMS ?AT PACIFISM IS RACI/ BY PA9T+ 0OPPRESS$ PEOPLE0 7BLACK PEOPLE7 AS ANGRY & IMPULSE-DRIV54 0,Q3 ,DEM&+ NONVIOL5T BEHAVIOR FROM OPPRESS$ PEOPLE T[>D !IR OPPRESSORS IS S5SELESS & UNFAIR6 ,!Y NE$ TO ACT \T !IR ANG]606.<#a#i#d.> ,! AU?ORS' 0ANSW]0 TO ?IS CONTRIV$ CRITICISM ( NONVIOL5CE 9CLUDES MANY ( ! TYPICAL & DELUD$ FALLACIES ALREADY DISCUSS$3 ! AU?ORS C\NSEL PEOPLE :O >E F> MORE OPPRESS$ ?AN !Y >E TO HAVE PATI5CE ) CONDITIONS !Y C\LDN'T POSSIBLY COMPREH5D2 ! AU?ORS ADVISE PEOPLE ( COLOR TO ACT 9 A WAY ?AT IS 05NOBL+ & PRAGMATIC02 ! AU?ORS =E/ALL CRITICISMS ( RACISM BY DROPP+ ! NAME ( A TOK5 P]SON ( COLOR2 & ! AU?ORS CONCLUDE BY TACITLY ?REAT5+ ?AT MILITANT ACTIVISM ON ! P>T ( PEOPLE ( COLOR WILL RESULT 9 AB&ONM5T & BETRAYAL BY P[]FUL :ITE 0ALLIES40 ,TO WIT3 

,AS = UNFAIRNESS1 IF ! OPPRESS$ C\LD WI% IT AWAY1 !Y W\LD NO LONG] BE OPPRESS$4 ,!RE IS NO PA9-FREE ROAD TO LIB]ATION4 ,GIV5 ! 9EVITABILITY ( SUFF]+1 IT IS BO? 5NOBL+ & PRAGMATIC TO PRES5T NONVIOL5T DISCIPL9E & SUFF]+ 7AS DID ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+1 ,JR47 AS IMP]ATIVES4 0,ACT+ \T ANG]0 9 A WAY ?AT CO/S A GR\P ALLIES IS A LUXURY S]I\S MOVEM5TS CANNOT AF=D4.<#a#i#e.> 

,PACIFI/S DELUDE !MSELVES 9 ?9K+ ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM AS BE+ IMPULSIVE1 IRRATIONAL1 & COM+ SOLELY FROM 0ANG]40 ,9 FACT1 REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM1 9 SOME ( ITS MANIFE/ATIONS1 HAS A PRON\NC$ 9TELLECTUAL /REAK4 ,AFT] ! ,DETROIT RIOTS ( #a#i#f#g1 A GOV]NM5T COMMISSION F\ND ?AT ! TYPICAL RIOT] 79 ADDITION TO BE+ PR\D ( HIS OR H] RACE & HO/ILE TO :ITE PEOPLE & MIDDLE-CLASS BLACK PEOPLE7 0IS SUB/ANTIALLY BETT] 9=M$ AB\T POLITICS ?AN ,NEGROES :O W]E NOT 9VOLV$ 9 ! RIOTS40.<#a#i#f.> ,GEORGE ,JACKSON $UCAT$ HIMSELF 9 PRISON1 & EMPHASIZ$ 9 HIS WRIT+S ! NE$ = MILITANT BLACK PEOPLE TO /UDY !IR HI/ORICAL RELATION%IP TO !IR OPPRESSORS & LE>N ! 0SCI5TIFIC PR9CIPLES0 ( URBAN GU]RILLA W>F>E4.<#a#i#g.> ,! ,PAN!RS READ ,MAO1 ,KWAME ,NKRUMAH1 & ,FRANTZ ,FANON1 & REQUIR$ NEW MEMB]S TO $UCATE !MSELVES ON ! POLITICAL !ORIES BEH9D !IR REVOLUTION4.<#a#i#h.> ,:5 HE WAS F9ALLY CAPTUR$ & BR\<T TO TRIAL1 REVOLUTION>Y ,NEW ,AFRIKAN AN>*I/ ,KUWASI ,BALAGOON REJECT$ ! C\RT'S LEGITIMACY & PROCLAIM$ ! RI<T ( BLACK PEOPLE TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES 9 A /ATEM5T MANY PACIFI/S C\LD LE>N VOLUMES FROM3 

,BE=E BECOM+ A CL&E/9E REVOLUTION>Y I WAS A T5ANT ORGANIZ] & WAS >RE/$ = M5AC+ A #bg P\ND COLONIAL BUILD+ SUP]9T5D5T ) A MA*ETE1 :O PHYSICALLY /OPP$ ! DELIV]Y ( OIL TO A BUILD+ I DIDN'T LIVE 91 BUT HAD HELP$ TO ORGANIZE4 ,BE+ AN ORGANIZ] = ! ,COMMUNITY ,C\NCIL ON ,H\S+ I TOOK P>T 9 NOT ONLY ORGANIZ+ R5T /RIKES1 BUT PRESS$ SLUMLORDS TO MAKE REPAIRS & MA9TA9 HEAT & HOT WAT]1 KILL$ RATS1 REPRES5T$ T5ANTS 9 C\RT1 /OPP$ ILLEGAL EVICTIONS1 FAC$ (F ,CITY ,M>%ALS1 HELP$ TURN R5TS 9TO REPAIR RES\RCES & COLLECTIVE [N]%IP BY T5ANTS & DEMON/RAT$ :5EV] ! NE$S ( T5ANTS W]E AT /AKE4444,!N I BEGAN TO REALIZE ?AT ) ALL ?IS EF=T1 WE C\LDN'T PUT A D5T 9 ! PROBLEM444 

,LEGAL RITUALS HAVE NO EFFECT ON ! HI/ORIC PROCESS ( >M$ /RUGGLE BY OPPRESS$ NATIONS4 ,! W> WILL CONT9UE & 9T5SIFY1 & AS = ME1 ,I'D RA!R BE 9 JAIL OR 9 ! GRAVE ?AN DO ANY?+ O!R ?AN FI<T ! OPPRESSOR ( MY PEOPLE4 ,! ,NEW ,AFRIKAN ,NATION AS WELL AS ! ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN ,NATIONS >E COLONIALIZ$ )9 ! PRES5T CONF9ES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AS ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN & ,MEXICANO ,NATIONS >E COLONIALIZ$ )9 AS WELL AS \TSIDE ! PRES5T CONF9ES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,WE HAVE A RI<T TO RESI/1 TO EXPROPRIATE MONEY & >MS1 TO KILL ! 5EMY ( \R PEOPLE1 TO BOMB & DO :ATEV] ELSE AIDS US 9 W9N+1 & WE WILL W94.<#a#i#i.> 

,9 COMP>ISON1 ! /RATEGIC & TACTICAL ANALYSIS ( NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM IS RA!R SIMPLI/IC1 R>ELY RIS+ ABOVE ! REGURGITATION ( HACKNEY$ CLI*ES & MORALI/IC TRUISMS4 ,! AM\NT ( /UDI\S PREP>ATIONS REQUIR$ TO SUCCESSFULLY C>RY \T MILITANT ACTIONS1 COMP>$ ) ! AM\NT REQUIR$ = NONVIOL5T ACTIONS1 ALSO CONTRADICTS ! P]CEPTION ?AT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM IS IMPULSIVE4 

,PEOPLE WILL+ TO ACKN[L$GE ! VIOL5CE ( REVOLUTION -- IT IS MISLEAD+ TO TALK AB\T *OOS+ VIOL5CE BECAUSE VIOL5CE IS 9H]5T 9 SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! OPPRESSIVE /ATUS QUO ?AT PREC$ES IT1 :E!R WE USE VIOL5T MEANS OR NOT -- >E MORE LIKELY TO UND]/& ! SACRIFICES 9VOLV$4 ,ANY KN[L$GE ( :AT REVOLUTION>IES PREP>E !MSELVES = & GO ?R\< DEMON/RATES ! CRUELLY IGNORANT F>CE1 ( ! PACIFI/ PROCLAMATION ?AT REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE IS IMPULSIVE4 ,AS ALREADY M5TION$1 ! WRIT+S ( ,FRANTZ ,FANON W]E AMONG ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL = BLACK REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DUR+ ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,! LA/ *APT] ( HIS BOOK ,! ,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>? DEALS 5TIRELY ) 0COLONIAL W> & M5TAL DISORD]S10 ) ! PSY*OLOGICAL TRAUMA 9CURR$ AS A MATT] ( C\RSE FROM COLONIALISM & ! 0TOTAL W>0 WAG$ BY ! ,FR5* AGA9/ ! ,ALG]IAN FRE$OM FI<T]S .<#b.>7A W>1 ,I %\LD NOTE1 ?AT MAKES UP A L>GE P>T ( ! TEXTBOOK US$ BY ! ,U,S 9 C\NT]9SURG5CY W>F>E & W>S ( OCCUPATION UP TO ! PRES5T MOM5T74 ,PEOPLE :O FI<T = REVOLUTION DO KN[ :AT !Y >E GETT+ 9TO1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! HORROR ( !SE ?+S CAN BE KN[N4 ,BUT DO PACIFI/S8 

,A FUR!R DELUSION 7EXPRESS$ BY PACIFI/S :O WANT TO APPE> MILITANT & P[]FUL7 IS ?AT PACIFI/S DO FI<T BACK1 ONLY NONVIOL5TLY4 ,?IS IS RUBBI%4 ,SITT+ D[N & LOCK+ >MS IS NOT FI<T+1 IT IS A RECALCITRANT CAPITULATION4.<#b#a.> ,9 A SITUATION 9VOLV+ A BULLY OR A C5TRALIZ$ P[] APP>ATUS1 PHYSICALLY FI<T+ BACK DISC\RAGES FUTURE ATTACKS BECAUSE IT RAISES ! CO/S ( OPPRESSION 9CURR$ BY ! OPPRESSOR4 ,! MEEK RESI/ANCE ( NONVIOL5CE ONLY MAKES IT EASI] = ! ATTACKS TO CONT9UE4 ,AT ! NEXT PROTE/1 = 9/ANCE1 SEE H[ RELUCTANT ! POLICE >E TO F5CE 9 MILITANT GR\PS SU* AS ! BLACK BLOC & SUBJECT !M ALL TO MASS >RE/4.<#b#b.> ,! COPS KN[ ?AT !Y'LL NE$ ONE OR TWO COPS = EV]Y PROTE/] & ?AT SOME ( !M >E GO+ TO 5D UP BADLY HURT4 ,! PEACEFUL1 ON ! O!R H&1 CAN BE B>RICAD$ 9 BY A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMB] ( COPS1 :O CAN !N GO 9TO ! CR[D AT !IR LEISURE & C>RY (F ! LIMP PROTE/]S ONE BY ONE4 

,PALE/9E IS ANO!R EXAMPLE4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! ,PALE/9IANS >E AN 9CONV5I5CE TO ! ,ISRAELI /ATE1 & ?AT ! ,ISRAELI /ATE HAS NO CONC]N = ! WELL-BE+ ( ! ,PALE/9IANS4 ,IF ! ,PALE/9IANS HADN'T MADE ! ,ISRAELI OCCUPATION & EV]Y SUCCESSIVE AGGRESSION SO CO/LY1 ALL ! ,PALE/9IAN L& W\LD BE SEIZ$1 EXCEPT = A FEW RES]VATIONS TO HOLD ! NECESS>Y NUMB] ( SURPLUS LABOR]S TO SUPPLEM5T ! ,ISRAELI ECONOMY1 & ! ,PALE/9IANS W\LD BE A DI/ANTMEMORY 9 A LONG L9E ( EXT9CT PEOPLES4 ,PALE/9IAN RESI/ANCE1 9CLUD+ SUICIDE BOMB+S1 HAS HELP$ 5SURE ,PALE/9IAN SURVIVAL AGA9/ A F> MORE P[]FUL 5EMY4 

,NONVIOL5CE FUR!R DELUDES ITSELF & ITS CONV]TS ) ! TRUISM 0,SOCIETY HAS ALWAYS BE5 VIOL5T4 ,IT IS NONVIOL5CE ?AT IS REVOLUTION>Y40.<#b#c.> ,9 PRACTICE1 \R SOCIETY HONORS & COMMEMORATES BO? PRO-/ATE VIOL5CE & RESPECTABLE1 DISSID5T PACIFISM4 ,! V]Y ACTIVI/ :O CLAIM$ ?AT \R SOCIETY IS ALREADY PRO-VIOL5CE CAN DROP ! NAME ( ,LEON ,CZOLGOSZ 7! AN>*I/ :O ASSASS9AT$ ,PRESID5T ,MC,K9LEY7 9 A GUE/ OP-$ 9 ! LOCAL CORPORATE NEWSPAP] & KN[ ?AT A MA9/REAM AUDI5CE WILL RESPOND TO ?AT VIOL5T P]SONAGE ) CONDEMNATION4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! SAME ACTIVI/ REF]5CES PACIFI/S LIKE ,K+ & ,G&HI TO GIVE HIS BELIEFS AN AURA ( RESPECTABILITY 9 ! MA9/REAM EYE4.<#b#d.> ,IF SOCIETY IS ALREADY 9 FAVOR ( VIOL5CE ACROSS ! BO>D1 & PACIFISM IS REVOLUTION>Y 5\< TO FUNDAM5TALLY *ALL5GE \R SOCIETY & ITS +RA9$ OPPRESSIONS1 :Y DOES ,CZOLGOSZ W>RANT HATR$ :ILE ,G&HI W>RANTS APPROVAL8 

,PACIFI/S ALSO H>BOR DELUSIONS AB\T ! DEC5CY ( ! /ATE &1 SUBCONSCI\SLY1 AB\T ! AM\NT ( PROTECTION !IR PRIVILEGES WILL AF=D !M4 ,/UD5TS LEAD+ ! OCCUPATION ( ,TIANANM5 ,SQU>E 9 0,AUTONOM\S ,BEIJ+0 ?\<T ?AT !IR 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T W\LD NOT OP5 FIRE ON !M IF !Y REMA9$ A PEACEFUL1 LOYAL OPPOSITION4 0,! /UD5TS' NE>LY COMPLETE MISUND]/&+ ( ! NATURE ( LEGITIMACY UND] BUREAUCRATIC P[] & ! ILLUSION ?AT ! ,P>TY C\LD BE NEGOTIAT$ )1 LEFT !M DEF5SELESS BO? 9 T]MS ( ! !ORETICAL MEANS ( DESCRIB+ !IR UND]TAK+ & 9 REG>DS TO ! N>R[ PRACTICE ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE IT L$ !M TO ADOPT40.<#b#e.> ,?US1 :5 ! /UD5TS :O HAD PUT !MSELVES 9 CONTROL ( ! MOVEM5T REFUS$ TO >M !MSELVES 7UNLIKE MANY 9 ! WORK+-CLASS SUBURBS1 :O W]E LESS $UCAT$ & MORE 9TELLIG5T71 ! :OLE MOVEM5T WAS VULN]ABLE1 & ,AUTONOM\S ,BEIJ+ WAS CRU%$ BY ! TANKS ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,LIB]ATION ,>MY4 ,! /UD5TS AT ,K5T ,/ATE W]E SIMIL>LY %OCK$1 EV5 AS ! SAME GOV]NM5T ?AT KILL$ A PALTRY NUMB] ( !M WAS MASSACR+ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE 9 ,9DO*9A )\T CONSEQU5CE OR HESITATION4 

,9 ! 5D1 NONVIOL5CE HAS ALL ! 9TELLECTUAL DEP? ( A M$IA S\ND BITE4 ,PACIFISM REQUIRES A V]Y VAGUE1 BROAD1 LOAD$1 & NON-ANALYTICAL T]M -- VIOL5CE -- TO TAKE ON A SCI5TIFIC PRECISION4 ,AFT] ALL1 NOT RACISM1 NOT SEXISM1 NOT HOMOPHOBIA1 NOT AU?ORIT>IANISM1 BUT VIOL5CE1 MU/ BE ! CRITICAL AXIS ( \R ACTIONS4 ,:Y W\LD WE TAKE PL$GES ( ANTI-RACISM BE=E A M>*1 OR MAKE P>TICIPATION 9 A MOVEM5T CONT+5T ON BE+ RESPECTFUL ( WOM51 QUE] PEOPLE1 & TRANS PEOPLE1 :5 WE CAN TAKE F> LESS DIVISIVE PL$GES ( NONVIOL5CE8 ,! LIKELIHOOD ?AT MO/ SUPPORT]S ( NONVIOL5CE CODES HAVE NEV] EV5 ASK$ ?IS QUE/ION GOES A LONG WAY T[>D DEMON/RAT+ ! LIMITATION ( PACIFI/ ?9K+4 ,SO PACIFI/S IGNORE REAL DIVISIONS SU* AS :ITE PRIVILEGE & 9/EAD MAKE BASELESS & POT5TIALLY RACI/_/CLASSI/ DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 CUTT+ A LOCK DUR+ A PRE-ANN\NC$ DEMON/RATION SO ?AT PROTE/]S CAN CONDUCT A DIE-9 ON A MILIT>Y BASE & SMA%+ A W9D[ UND] COV] ( A RIOT SO ?AT A <ETTO DWELL] CAN GET FOOD & MONEY TO TAKE C>E ( H] FAMILY4 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 PACIFI/S DO NOT MAKE ! CRITICAL DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! /RUCTURAL1 9/ITUTIONAL1 & SY/EMICALLY P]MITT$ P]SONAL VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE 7! /ATE BE+ UND]/OOD 9 A BROAD S5SE TO 9CLUDE ! FUNCTIONS ( ! ECONOMY & PATRI>*Y7 & ! 9DIVIDUALIZ$ SOCIAL VIOL5CE ( ! 0CRIM9AL0 SORT OR COLLECTIVE SOCIAL VIOL5CE ( ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 SORT1 AIM$ AT DE/ROY+ ! F> GREAT] VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE4 ,PRET5D+ ?AT ALL VIOL5CE IS ! SAME IS V]Y CONV5I5T = SUPPOS$LY ANTI-VIOL5CE PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE :O B5EFIT FROM ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE & HAVE MU* TO LOSE FROM ! VIOL5CE ( REVOLUTION4 

,SNEAK+ ONTO A MILIT>Y BASE1 P\R+ ONE'S BLOOD ON ?+S1 & HAMM]+ MISSILES1 WE >E TOLD1 IS NONVIOL5T1 BUT BL[+ UP ! ,LITTON ,SY/EMS PLANT 7:]E CRUISE MISSILE COMPON5TS W]E MADE7 W\LD HAVE BE5 VIOL5T EV5 IF NO ONE HAD BE5 9JUR$4 ,:Y8 ,! USUAL RESPONSE IS EI!R ?AT A BOMB ?REAT5S PEOPLE1 :]EAS OLD :ITE NUNS ) HAMM]S DO NOT1 OR ?AT :5 ACTIVI/S USE A BOMB1 !Y CANNOT 5SURE ?AT PEOPLE WILL NOT GET HURT4 ,! FIR/ >GUM5T IGNORES TWO FACTS3 :AT IS CONSID]$ ?REAT5+ IS L>GELY DET]M9$ BY PREEXI/+ PREJUDICES AGA9/ C]TA9 RACES & CLASSES1 & TO ! MAJORITY ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION \TSIDE ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 A NONFUNCTION+ MISSILE IS F> LESS ?REAT5+ ?AN A FUNCTION+ MISSILE1 NO MATT] H[ MANY BOMBS HAD TO BL[ UP 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? TO A*IEVE ?AT 5D4 ,!RE IS C]TA9LY NO D\BT ?AT BOMB+ CAN DE/ROY MISSILES BETT] ?AN HAMM]+4 ,! SECOND >GUM5T1 AS ,I HAVE NOT$1 IGNORES ! POSSIBILITY ( VICTIMS \TSIDE ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,A BOMB 5SURES ?AT A FACTORY WILL NOT BE ABLE TO PRODUCE MISSILES F> BETT] ?AN A HAMM] DOES1 & MISSILES 9 ! POSSESSION ( IMP]IALI/ /ATES KILL F> MORE PEOPLE ?AN BOMBS 7OR HAMM]S7 9 ! POSSESSION ( URBAN GU]RILLA GR\PS4 ,BUT ?IS CONSID]ATION IS SO F> FROM ! M9DS ( PACIFI/S ?AT ! NUNS TO :OM ,I ALLUDE BAS$ MU* ( !IR TRIAL DEF5SE ON ! CONT5TION ?AT !Y HAD NOT CAUS$ ANY REAL DAMAGE1 ONLY SYMBOLIC DAMAGE1 TO ! MISSILE FACILITY !Y HAD 9FILTRAT$4.<#b#f.> ,CAN !Y EV5 TRULY BE CONSID]$ NONVIOL5T1 AFT] DELIB]ATELY WA/+ AN OPPORTUNITY TO DECOMMISSION A MAJOR 9/RUM5T ( W>F>E8 

,AT A WORK%OP ,I GAVE ON ! FLAWS ( NONVIOL5CE1 ,I CONDUCT$ A LITTLE EX]CISE TO DEMON/RATE H[ VAGUE ?IS IDEA ( VIOL5CE ACTUALLY IS4 ,I ASK$ ! P>TICIPANTS1 :O 9CLUD$ SUPPORT]S ( NONVIOL5CE & SUPPORT]S ( A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 TO /& UP &1 AS ,I SL[LY READ A LI/ ( V>I\S ACTIONS1 TO WALK TO ONE SPOT IF !Y CONSID]$ ! ACTION VIOL5T1 & TO ANO!R SPOT IF !Y CONSID]$ ! ACTION NONVIOL5T4 ,! ACTIONS 9CLUD$ SU* ?+S AS BUY+ CLO!S MADE 9 A SWEAT%OP1 EAT+ MEAT1 A WOLF KILL+ A DE]1 KILL+ SOMEONE :O IS AB\T TO DETONATE A BOMB 9 A CR[D1 & SO ON4 ,ALMO/ NEV] WAS !RE P]FECT AGREEM5T AMONG ! P>TICIPANTS1 & SEV]AL ( ! ACTIONS ?AT !Y CONSID]$ VIOL5T !Y ALSO CONSID]$ MORAL1 :ILE SOME ALSO CONSID]$ C]TA9 NONVIOL5T ACTIONS TO BE IMMORAL4 ,! CONCLUD+ LESSON ( ! EX]CISE3 ,DOES IT REALLY MAKE S5SE TO BASE SO MU* ( \R /RATEGY1 \R ALLIANCES1 & \R 9VOLVEM5T 9 ACTIVISM ON A CONCEPT ?AT IS SO BLURRY ?AT NO TWO PEOPLE CAN REALLY AGREE ON :AT IT MEANS8 

,EF=TS TO ACTUALLY DEF9E VIOL5CE LEAD TO TWO \TCOMES4 ,EI!R VIOL5CE IS DEF9$ LIT]ALLY AS SOME?+ ?AT CAUSES PA9 OR FE>1 & IT CANNOT BE CONSID]$ AN IMMORAL ?+ BECAUSE IT 9CLUDES NATURAL ACTIVITIES SU* AS GIV+ BIR? OR EAT+ O!R LIV+ BE+S TO /AY ALIVE1 OR VIOL5CE IS DEF9$ ) A MORAL CONC]N = \TCOMES1 9 :I* CASE 9ACTION OR BE+ 9EFFECTIVE 9 ! FACE ( A GREAT] VIOL5CE MU/ ALSO BE CONSID]$ VIOL5T4.<#b#g.> ,EI!R DEF9ITION EXCLUDES NONVIOL5CE -- ! FIR/ BECAUSE VIOL5CE IS 9EVITABLE & NORMAL1 & ! SECOND BECAUSE NONVIOL5CE MU/ BE CONSID]$ VIOL5T IF IT FAILS TO 5D A SY/EM ( VIOL5CE1 & ALSO BECAUSE ALL PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE MU/ BE CONSID]$ COMPLICIT 9 VIOL5CE :E!R OR NOT !Y CONSID] !MSELVES PACIFI/S4 ,BUT PACIFI/S /ILL DELUDE !MSELVES 9TO ?9K+ ?AT VIOL5CE IS SUFFICI5TLY DEF9$ ?AT WE CAN PRET5D ! USE ( VIOL5CE HAS C]TA91 9EVITABLE PSY*OLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES4 

,TODD ,ALL9 ,MORMAN1 WRIT+ 9 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 DRAWS ON ,]I* ,FROMM TO MAKE A TIDY DI/9CTION BETWE5 0RATIONAL AU?ORITY0 & 0IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY40 ,MORMAN ASS]TS ?AT 0AN>*ISM IS AGA9/ ALL =MS ( IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY & FAVORS RATIONAL AU?ORITY 9 ITS PLACE40.<#b#h.> ,IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY IS BAS$ ON HOLD+ P[] OV] PEOPLE1 :ILE RATIONAL AU?ORITY IS DEF9$ AS 9FLU5CE VOLUNT>ILY GRANT$ ON ! BASIS ( EXP]I5CE & COMPET5CE4 0.<,I.>T IS IMPOSSIBLE TO EMPLOY VIOL5CE TO PROMOTE A HI<] AN>*I/ ORD] BECAUSE VIOL5CE NECESS>ILY REPRODUCES PSY*OLOGICAL ATTITUDES ?AT >E ANTI!TICAL TO ! 5DS ( AN>*I/ REVOLUTION40 ,QUITE TYPICALLY1 HE >GUES ?AT WE %\LD GO 9TO REVOLUTION PEACEFULLY1 BECAUSE IF WE DO NOT1 WE WILL ONLY 0RECON/ITUT.<E.> ! /ATE 9 A NEW444=M40 ,BUT :Y IS IT POSSIBLE TO /OP BE+ VIOL5T N[1 BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 BUT NOT AFT]W>DS6 ,:Y >E WE TOLD ?AT WE W\LD 9EVITABLY & P[]LESSLY BECOME AU?ORIT>IAN AFT] A VIOL5T REVOLUTION1 EV5 AS WE >E 5C\RAG$ TO BREAK ! PSY*OLOGICAL PATT]NS ( \R VIOL5T SOCIETY & =SWE> MILITANT /RUGGLE6 ,MORMAN DOES NOT ANSW] H[ HE CAN SEE HUMANS DET]M9I/ICALLY AT ! 5D ( A S5T5CE1 :ILE TREAT+ HUMANS AS FREE AG5TS 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! SAME S5T5CE4 ,I SUSPECT IT IS BECAUSE ACADEMICS LIKE ,MORMAN >E AFRAID ( :AT W\LD HAPP5 TO !M IF !Y DID NOT GIVE UP MILITANT REVOLUTION 7:I* IS TO GIVE UP ON REVOLUTION AS A :OLE72 9/EAD1 !Y PREF] TO ASS]T !IR 0RATIONAL AU?ORITY0 & PRET5D !Y >E CONTRIBUT+ TO A PROCESS ?AT WILL SOMEH[ MAKE ! /ATE OBSOLETE4 ,( C\RSE1 \R MAJOR !ORETICAL CONTRIBUTION AS AN>*I/S IS ?AT ! /ATE WAS OBSOLETE FROM ITS 9CEPTION1 BUT IT HOLDS & GA9S P[] NONE!LESS4 ,FROMM'S SYLLOGISM1 OR AT LEA/ ,MORMAN'S 9T]PRETATION !RE(1 MISSES ! PO9T ?AT TO AN 0IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY10 0RATIONAL AU?ORITY0 IS IRRELEVANT1 MEAN+LESS1 & P[]LESS4 

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT IT W\LD BE MU* EASI] TO 5D ! PSY*OLOGICAL PATT]NS ( VIOL5CE & DOM9ATION ONCE WE HAD DE/ROY$ ! SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 POLITICAL BODIES1 & ECONOMIC /RUCTURES SPECIFICALLY CON/ITUT$ TO P]PETUATE CO]CIVE DOM9ATION4 ,BUT PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE BOLDLY S\ND ! CALL TO RETREAT1 DECL>+ ?AT WE %\LD TREAT ! SYMPTOMS :ILE ! DISEASE IS FREE TO SPREAD ITSELF1 DEF5D ITSELF1 & VOTE ITSELF PAY RAISES4 ,MORMAN SAYS1 0,VIOL5CE IS ONLY CAPABLE ( ATTACK+ ! PHYSICAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT P]PETUATE ! /ATE4 ,ONE CANNOT KILL !SE SOCIAL RELATIONS BY A PHYSICAL ASSAULT40.<#b#i.> ,LEAV+ ASIDE ! FACT ?AT ?IS PO9T IS BLATANTLY FALSE 9 RELATION TO 9DIG5\S CULTURES' FI<T+ (F =EIGN 9VASION & IMP]IALISM 79 :I* CASES1 KILL+ OR EVICT+ ! COLONIZ] IS 9DE$ KILL+ COLONIALISM1 IF IT CAN BE DONE BE=E ,WE/]NIZATION HAS TAK5 PLACE71 LET US ACCEPT ,MORMAN'S N>R[ ,EUROC5TRISM & FOCUS ON SOCIETIES 9 :I* OPPRESSOR & OPPRESS$ BELONG TO ! SAME NATION OR CULTURE4 ,HE HAS JU/ E/ABLI%$ ?AT VIOL5CE CAN DE/ROY ! PHYSICAL BUT NOT ! PSY*OLOGICAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( OPPRESSION4 ,ANY REASONABLE P]SON W\LD PROCE$ BY RECOMM5D+ A REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ?AT CONTA9S BO? DE/RUCTIVE & CREATIVE ACTIVITIES -- VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS & !IR MA*9]Y ACCOMPANI$ BY SIMULTANE\S C>ETAK+ & HEAL+ ( ONE'S COMMUNITY4 ,MORMAN & ! ?\S&S ( PACIFI/S :O ?9K LIKE HIM 9/EAD DECL>E ?AT WE %\LD FOCUS ON PSY*OLOGICAL LIB]ATION :ILE AVOID+ PHYSICAL /RUGGLE4 ,H[ !Y FAIL TO SEE ! CONCOMITANT P>ALLEL TO ! >GUM5T !Y HAVE JU/ MADE1 ?AT PSY*OLOGICAL ACTIONS CANNOT DE/ROY ! PHYSICAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! /ATE1 IS BAFFL+4 ,P]HAPS !Y BELIEVE ?AT ! SOCIAL RELATION%IPS ( OPPRESSION >E 9DEP5D5T & CREATE ! PHYSICAL /RUCTURES ( OPPRESSION \T ( :OLE CLO?1 BUT ?IS IS SIMPLI/IC4 ,! SOCIAL RELATION%IPS & PHYSICAL /RUCTURES CANNOT BE FULLY SEP>AT$ 79 REALITY1 RA!R ?AN 9 PHILOSOPHY1 = !SE T]MS >E ONLY ANALYTICAL DEVICES ?AT MAKE IT EASI] TO TALK AB\T DIFF]5T ASPECTS ( ! SAME ?+71 & !Y CLE>LY EVOLVE 9 T&EM4 ,PHYSICAL /RUCTURES & SOCIAL RELATION%IPS >E MUTUALLY DEP5D5T1 & MUTUALLY RE9=C+4 

,MORMAN ALSO HOLDS ON TO A TOTALIT>IAN IDEA ( REVOLUTION4 0,! REVOLUTION>Y IS PROMOT+ ONE SET ( SOCIAL RELATIONS & DE/ROY+ OLD ONES1 NOT BY TEA*+1 EXAMPLE1 OR WELL-REASON$ >GUM5T1 BUT BY P[]1 FE>1 & 9TIMIDATION3 ! BUTTRESSES ( IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY40.<#b#a.> ,?IS >GUM5T SUGGE/S ?AT A NON-PACIFI/ REVOLUTION MU/ BE WAG$ AGA9/ PEOPLE :O >E PHILOSOPHICALLY DEVIANT OR POLITICALLY 9CORRECT -- PEOPLE :O BELIEVE ! WRONG ?+S 7?IS IS H[ A POLITICAL P>TY VIEWS REVOLUTION74 ,BUT !RE IS MORE ?AN ONE AXIS = LIB]ATION /RUGGLE4 ,IT CAN BE CULTURAL1 TO FI<T = ! EXPULSION ( A =EIGN COLONIZ] & ! B\RGEOIS POLITICAL P>TIES ?AT HAVE TAK5 ON ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ?AT COLONIZ] 7AS DESCRIB$ BY ,FANON71 OR IT CAN BE /RUCTURAL1 TO DE/ROY C5TRALIZ$ P[] /RUCTURES & HI]>*ICAL 9/ITUTIONS )\T T>GET+ ANY ACTUAL PEOPLE1 O!R ?AN ?OSE :O *OOSE TO FI<T ON ! SIDE ( P[]4 ,AFT] A REVOLUTION ?AT DE/ROYS ALL ( ! /RUCTURES ( CAPITALISM -- SEIZES ALL ( ! FACTORIES1 R$I/RIBUTES ALL ( ! L&1 BURNS ALL ( ! MONEY -- PEOPLE :O >E PHILOSOPHICALLY CAPITALI/ NE$ NOT BE PURG$ OR 9TIMIDAT$ ) IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY4 ,LACK+ A MILIT>Y APP>ATUS TO IMPLEM5T CAPITALISM OR A POLICE APP>ATUS TO PROTECT IT1 !Y -- AS PEOPLE -- >E QUITE H>MLESS1 & WILL EI!R LE>N TO DO SOME?+ CREATIVE ) !IR LIVES OR />VE TO DEA? )\T REALIZ+ ?AT !Y CAN NO LONG] PAY SOMEONE TO SLAVE = !M4 ,MORMAN'S TYPICAL PACIFI/-AN>*I/ CON/RUCTION RELIES ON A ,EUROC5TRIC1 POLITICAL VISION ( REVOLUTION1 9 :I* A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY SEIZES P[] & 5=CES ITS VISION ( FRE$OM ON EV]YONE ELSE 9 ! SOCIETY ?R\< SOME C5TRALIZ$ APP>ATUS4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS SOCIETY ITSELF -- AS IT /&S N[1 AN >TIFICIAL B9D+ TOGE!R ( PEOPLE ) NO NON-CO]C$ COMMON 9T]E/S 9 WORK+ TOGE!R -- ?AT NE$S TO BE DE/ROY$4 ,A MILITANT REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T CAN DE/ROY ! C5TRAL GRAVITY ( GOV]NM5T ?AT HOLDS TOGE!R MASS POLITIES 9 A S+LE NATION-/ATE4 ,AFT] ?AT PO9T1 WE WILL NOT NE$ SOME RATIONAL1 0WELL-REASON$0 IDEOLOGY TO HOLD EV]YONE TOGE!R1 BECAUSE SOCIETIES WILL DIVIDE 9TO SMALL]1 ORGANIC UNITS4 ,REVOLUTION>IES WILL NOT NE$ TO USE VIOL5CE TO CONV9CE EV]YONE TO BEHAVE 9 A C]TA9 WAY BECAUSE !RE WILL BE NO NE$ = CON=MITY ACROSS AN 5TIRE C\NTRY4 

,MORMAN'S REASON+ IS ALSO BAS$ ON ,WE/]N CULTURAL ASSUMPTIONS ?AT FAIL TO APPRECIATE ANY REASON = VIOL5CE NOT 9 ! S]VICE ( DOM9ATION4 ,!SE ASSUMPTIONS HAVE MU* TO DO ) ! 9H]5T TOTALIT>IANISM ( ,WE/]N CULTURE 7:I* IS ALSO EVID5T 9 ! /ATI/ 9CL9ATIONS ( PACIFISM1 PRIVILEG+ /ATE VIOL5CE :ILE ACTIVELY O/RACIZ+ ! VIOL5CE ( REBELLION74 ,! IDEA ?AT ! USE ( 0VIOL5CE0 AUTOMATICALLY CON/ITUTES AN IRRATIONAL AU?ORITY DOES NOT MAKE S5SE FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( CULTURAL VALUES ?AT DO NOT NECESS>ILY PORTRAY VIOL5CE AS A TOOL 9 ! S]VICE ( DOM9ATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,M&E1 ,MANGALA ! CREATOR KILL$ ,F>R[ AS A SACRIFICE 9 ORD] TO SAVE :AT WAS LEFT ( CREATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ,GREEK MY?OLOGY1 ,CRONUS TRI$ TO KILL HIS SON1 & LAT] ,ZEUS DEV\R$ HIS LOV]1 ,METIS1 TO MA9TA9 !IR P[]4 ,?IS DYNAMIC IS A PATT]N ?R\<\T ,WE/]N MY?OLOGIES4 ,! USE ( VIOL5CE IS EI!R CALCULAT$1 TO W9 P[] & CO]CIVE CONTROL1 OR IMPASSION$1 9 :I* CASE ! MOTIVATION IS NE>LY ALWAYS JEAL\SY BORN \T ( ! DESIRE TO POSSESS ANO!R BE+4 ,!SE PATT]NS >E NOT UNIV]SAL TO ALL CULTURES4 

,!Y >E ALSO NOT UNIV]SAL TO ALL SITUATIONS4 ,COLLECTIVE1 COORD9AT$ VIOL5CE TO E/ABLI% & 5=CE A NEW SET ( SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT MU/ BE PRES]V$ ?R\< VIOL5CE1 OR REVOLUTION BY WAY ( TAK+ OV] C5TRALIZ$ 9/ITUTIONS1 DOES CON/ITUTE ! CREATION OR PRES]VATION ( A CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 ,BUT !SE >E NOT ! ONLY TWO OPTIONS = SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY SE5 ,FRANTZ ,FANON DESCRIBE VIOL5CE AS A 0CLEANS+ =CE0 :5 US$ BY PEOPLE GR\ND D[N & DEHUMANIZ$ BY COLONIZATION TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES4 7,& ! DYNAMICS ( COLONIALISM APPLY TODAY TO 9DIG5\S POPULATIONS1 TO \TRI<T COLONIES FROM ,HAWAII TO ,SAMOA1 & TO OCCUPI$ >EAS FROM ,KURDI/AN TO ,IRAQ1 :ILE SIMIL> DYNAMICS APPLY TO ! POPULATIONS ( ! NEOCOLONIES ( ,AFRICA1 ,ASIA1 & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 & TO ! 09T]NAL COLONIES0 DESC5D$ FROM SLAVE POPULATIONS 9 ! ,U,S4 ,9 %ORT1 !SE DYNAMICS /ILL APPLY TO HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE & >E NOT AT ALL OBSOLETE47 ,FANON AID$ ! ,F,L,N 7,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT7 9 ,ALG]IA & WORK$ 9 A PSY*IATRIC HOSPITAL1 SPECIALIZ+ 9 ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! COLONIZ$ & ! PSY*OLOGICAL EFFECTS ( !IR LIB]ATION /RUGGLES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 HE IS SOME:AT BETT] POSITION$ ?AN ,]I* ,FROMM TO EVALUATE ! PSY*OLOGY ( VIOL5CE 9 PURSUIT ( LIB]ATION FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( ! MAJORITY ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION -- NOT ! VANTAGE ( AN $UCAT$ POLITICAL P>TY SEEK+ TO REMAKE ! WORLD 9 ITS IMAGE1 BUT ! VANTAGE ( PEOPLE SUBJUGAT$ TO A SY/EM SO VIOL5T ?AT !Y CAN EI!R =CEFULLY FI<T BACK OR DISPLACE ?AT VIOL5CE SOCIOPA?ICALLY AGA9/ ONE ANO!R4 ,SPEAK+ ( COLONIZATION & RESI/ANCE TO IT1 ,FANON WRITES1 0,IT IS A COMMONPLACE ?AT GREAT SOCIAL UPHEAVALS LESS5 ! FREQU5CY ( DEL9QU5CY & M5TAL DISORD]S40.<#b#a#a.> 

,TO ADD TO :AT IS BECOM+ A LONG LI/1 NONVIOL5CE IS DELUD$ 9 REPEAT+ ?AT MEANS DET]M9E 5DS1 AS ?\< NEV] BE=E HAS A TRANS=MATION OCCURR$9 :I* 5D CONDITIONS W]E FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! MEANS ?AT BR\<T !M AB\T4 ,AFT] ,R$ ,CL\D'S ,W> 9 #a#h#f#f1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,LAKOTA DID NOT DESC5D 9TO AN ORGY ( VIOL5CE BECAUSE !Y HAD COMMITT$ SOME MORAL_/PSY*OLOGICAL TRANSGRESSION BY KILL+ :ITE SOLDI]S4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y 5JOY$ NE>LY A DECADE ( RELATIVE PEACE & AUTONOMY UNTIL ,CU/] 9VAD$ ! ,BLACK ,HILLS TO F9D GOLD4.<#b#a#b.> ,BUT 9/EAD ( FITT+ ! MEANS 7\R TACTICS7 TO ! SITUATION WE FACE1 WE >E SUPPOS$ TO MAKE \R DECISIONS BAS$ ON CONDITIONS ?AT >E NOT EV5 PRES5T1 ACT+ AS ?\< ! REVOLUTION HAS ALREADY OCCURR$ & WE LIVE 9 ?AT BETT] WORLD4.<#b#a#c.> ,?IS :OLESALE R5UNCIATION ( /RATEGY =GETS ?AT NEI!R ( ! LAUD$ FIGUREHEADS ( NONVIOL5CE1 ,G&HI & ,K+1 BELIEV$ ?AT PACIFISM WAS A UNIV]SALLY APPLICABLE PANACEA4 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 ACKN[L$G$ ?AT 0.<,T.>HOSE :O MAKE PEACEFUL REVOLUTION IMPOSSIBLE ONLY MAKE VIOL5T REVOLUTION 9EVITABLE40.<#b#a#d.> ,GIV5 ! 9CREAS$ CONSOLIDATION ( ! M$IA 7! PRESUM$ ALLY & MORALIZ+ TOOL ( ! NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/.<#b#a#e.>7 & ! 9CREAS$ REPRESSIVE P[]S ( ! GOV]NM5T1 CAN WE REALLY BELIEVE ?AT A PACIFI/ MOVEM5T C\LD OV]COME ! GOV]NM5T ON A MATT] :]E COMPROMISE WAS UNACCEPTABLE TO RUL+ 9T]E/S8 

,CLOS+ \T ! LI/ ( COMMON DELUSIONS IS ! ALL-TOO-FREQU5T CLAIM ?AT VIOL5CE ALI5ATES PEOPLE4 ,?IS IS GL>+LY FALSE4 ,VIOL5T VIDEO GAMES & VIOL5T MOVIES >E ! MO/ POPUL>4 ,EV5 BLATANTLY FALSE W>S W9 ! SUPPORT ( AT LEA/ HALF ! POPULATION1 (T5 ) ! COMM5T>Y ?AT ! ,U,S MILIT>Y IS TOO HUMANE & RE/RA9$ TO ITS 5EMIES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 SELF-RI<TE\S C&LELI<T VIGILS >E ALI5AT+ TO ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE :O DON'T P>TICIPATE1 :O HURRY BY & SMIRK TO !MSELVES4 ,VOT+ IS ALI5AT+ = ! MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O KN[ BETT] ?AN TO P>TICIPATE & TO SOME ( ! MANY PEOPLE :O P>TICIPATE = LACK ( BETT] OPTIONS4 ,%[+ A SUPPOS$ 0LOVE0 = 0?Y 5EMY0 IS ALI5AT+ TO PEOPLE :O KN[ ?AT LOVE IS SOME?+ DEEP]1 MORE 9TIMATE1 ?AN A SUP]FICIAL SMILEY FACE TO BE GIV5 \T TO SIX BILLION /RANG]S SIMULTANE\SLY4.<#b#a#f.> ,PACIFISM IS ALSO ALI5AT+ TO ! MILLIONS ( L[]-CLASS ,AM]ICANS :O SIL5TLY *E] EV]Y TIME A COP OR 7ESPECIALLY7 F$]AL AG5T GETS KILL$4.<#b#a#g.> ,! REAL QUE/ION IS :O IS ALI5AT$ BY VIOL5CE1 & BY :AT K9D ( VIOL5CE8 ,ONE AN>*I/ WRITES3 

.<,E.>V5 IF !Y W]E1 :O C>ES IF ! MIDDLE & UPP] CLASSES >E ALI5AT$ BY VIOL5CE8 ,!Y ALREADY HAD !IR VIOL5T REVOLUTION & WE'RE LIV+ 9 IT RI<T N[4 ,FUR!R1 ! :OLE NOTION ?AT ! MIDDLE & UPP] CLASSES >E ALI5AT$ BY VIOL5CE IS COMPLETELY FALSE444!Y SUPPORT VIOL5CE ALL ! TIME1 :E!R IT IS /RIKEBREAK+1 POLICE BRUTALITY1 PRISONS1 W>1 SANCTIONS OR CAPITAL PUNI%M5T4 ,:AT !Y REALLY OPPOSE IS VIOL5CE DIRECT$ AT DISLODG+ !M & !IR PRIVILEGES4.<#b#a#h.> 

,RECKLESS VIOL5CE ?AT SUBJECTS PEOPLE TO UNNECESS>Y RISKS )\T EV5 /RIV+ TO BE EFFECTIVE OR SUCCESSFUL WILL MO/ LIKELY ALI5ATE PEOPLE -- ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O ALREADY HAVE TO SURVIVE UND] ! VIOL5CE ( OPPRESSION -- BUT FI<T+ = SURVIVAL & FRE$OM (T5 W9S SYMPA?Y4 ,I HAVE REC5TLY BE5 =TUNATE 5\< TO COME 9TO CORRESPOND5CE ) ,BLACK ,LIB]ATION ,>MY PRISON] ,JOSEPH ,B[51 :O GOT LOCK$ UP AFT] ! COP :O TRI$ TO KILL HIM 5D$ UP DEAD4 0,JOE-,JOE0 WON ! RESPECT ( O!R PRISON]S AFT] HE & ANO!R PRISON] ASSASS9AT$ ! W>D5 & DEPUTY W>D5 & W\ND$ ! GU>D COMM&] AT ,PHILADELPHIA'S ,HOLRNESBURG ,PRISON 9 #a#i#g#c1 9 RESPONSE TO 9T5SE REPRESSION & RELIGI\S P]SECUTION4 ,9 #a#i#h#a1 :5 A MASS-ESCAPE ATTEMPT HE HELP$ ORGANIZE AT ,GRAT]=D ,PRISON WAS FOIL$ & TURN$ 9TO A HO/AGE SITUATION1 A HUGE AM\NT ( M$IA ATT5TION WAS PAID TO ! HORRIBLE CONDITIONS ( ,P5NSYLVANIA'S PRISONS4 ,DUR+ ! FIVE-DAY /&(F1 DOZ5S ( >TICLES CAME \T 9 ! ,PHILADELPHIA ,9QUIR] & ! NATIONAL PRESS1 %$D+ LI<T ON ! PRISON]S' GRIEVANCES & UND]SCOR+ ! FACT ?AT !SE PEOPLE :O HAD NO?+ TO LOSE W\LD CONT9UE TO FI<T AGA9/ ! REPRESSION & ! BAD CONDITIONS4 ,SOME CORPORATE-M$IA >TICLES W]E EV5 SYMPA!TIC T[>D ,JOE-,JOE1.<#b#a#i.> & 9 ! 5D1 ! GOV]NM5T AGRE$ TO TRANSF] A DOZ5 ( ! REBELS TO ANO!R PRISON1 RA!R ?AN /ORM 9 %OOT+ -- !IR PREF]R$ TACTIC4 ,9 FACT1 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! SIEGE1 ,B[5 HAD SO UPSET ! SCALES ( POLITICAL P[] ?AT POLITICIANS W]E ON ! DEF5SIVE & HAD TO CALL = 9VE/IGATIONS ( CONDITIONS AT ,GRAT]=D ,PRISON4 ,9 ?IS & MANY O!R EXAMPLES1 9CLUD+ ! ,ZAPATI/AS 9 #aiid & ! ,APPALA*IAN M9]S 9 #a#i#b#a1 PEOPLE HUMANIZE !MSELVES PRECISELY :5 !Y TAKE UP >MS TO FI<T AGA9/ OPPRESSION4 

,S9CE ! FIR/ $ITION ( ?IS BOOK CAME \T1 ,I HAVE BE5 APPROA*$ BY MANY PEOPLE :O W]E NOT ACTIVI/S :O TOLD ME H[ MU* !Y APPRECIAT$ ! S5TIM5TS H]E94 ,:ILE ACTIVI/S MI<T ASSUME !SE PEOPLE >E APA!TIC TO ! CURR5T SOCIAL MOVEM5TS BECAUSE !Y HAVE NEV] P>TICIPAT$1 ,I WAS TOLD TIME & AGA9 ?AT !Y WANT$ TO GET 9VOLV$ BUT DIDN'T KN[ H[ BECAUSE ! ONLY ORGANIZ+ EF=TS !Y SAW REVOLV$ >\ND PEACEFUL PROTE/S1 :I* DIDN'T FEEL 9CLUSIVE TO !M & OBVI\SLY W\LDN'T ACCOMPLI% ANY?+4 ,ONE WORK+-CLASS MAN TOLD ME H[ UPON ! ,U,S 9VASION ( ,IRAQ HE JUMP$ 9 HIS C> & DROVE TWO H\RS TO ,D,C TO TAKE P>T 9 A PROTE/1 KN[+ NO ONE ELSE 9VOLV$4 ,:5 HE >RIV$ & SAW A PEACEFUL CR[D H]D$ BY ! POLICE 9TO A PROTE/ CAGE1 HE TURN$ RI<T >\ND & DROVE HOME4 

,! FREQU5T ROLE ( NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S 9 CONTROLL+ OR SABOTAG+ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 & !IR FAILURE TO PROTECT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S FROM /ATE REPRESSION1 AS WELL AS !IR APPEASEM5T ) ! MO/ HOLL[ ( 0VICTORIES10 SUGGE/S AN ULT]IOR MOTIVE TO NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! MO/ COMMON MOTIVE IS = PACIFI/S TO AVAIL !MSELVES ( MORAL HI< GR\ND & ALLEVIATE ! SUB/ANTIAL GUILT !Y 9CUR BY RECOGNIZ+ ! MANY SY/EMS ( OPPRESSION !Y >E TI$ UP 9 BUT FAIL TO DEAL ) 9 A MEAN+FUL WAY4 ,W>D ,*UR*ILL SUGGE/S ?AT :ITE PACIFI/S WI% TO PROTECT !MSELVES FROM REPRESSION BY CONSIGN+ !IR ACTIVISM TO PO/UR+ & =MULAT+ ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( A PO/-REVOLUTION>Y WORLD :ILE PEOPLE ( COLOR ACROSS ! WORLD 9CUR ALL ! FATALITIES FI<T+ = ?AT WORLD4.<#b#b.> ,?IS IS A F> CRY FROM ! SOLID>ITY ROLE :ITE PACIFI/S IMAG9E !MSELVES TO BE PLAY+4 

,NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM T>GET+ ! ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS 7,S,O,A7 PROVIDES A GOOD EXAMPLE4 ,ORGANIZ+ AGA9/ ! ,S,O,A 9CLUDES ONE ( ! L>GE/ SU/A9$ CAMPAIGNS ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE 9 REC5T HI/ORY1 & IT HAS DRAWN ! P>TICIPATION & SUPPORT ( A NUMB] ( LEAD+ PACIFI/S4 ,DUR+ MY 9VOLVEM5T ) ANTI-,S,O,A ACTIVISM1 ,I CONCEIV$ ( ! CIVIL DISOB$I5CE & PRISON S5T5CE AS A MEANS ( DEMON/RAT+ ! F>CICAL & AU?ORIT>IAN NATURE ( ! DEMOCRATIC PROCESS1 & FO/]+ ! ESCALATION T[>D A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T T>GET+ ALL ASPECTS ( CAPITALISM & IMP]IALISM1 NOT JU/ ! ,S,O,A4 ,H[ RIDICUL\S W\LD IT BE TO CAMPAIGN = ! CLOSURE ( A S+LE MILIT>Y S*OOL :5 NUM]\S O!R 9/ITUTIONS1 9DE$ ! :OLE CAPITALI/ /ATE /RUCTURE1 WORK T[>D ! SAME 5DS8 ,BUT AFT] ! CONCLUSION ( MY PRISON S5T5CE1 ,I SAW ?AT TO ! PACIFI/ MAJORITY )9 ! ANTI-,S,O,A 0MOVEM5T10 CIVIL DISOB$I5CE WAS AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 US$ = LEV]AGE 9 LOBBY+ ,CONGRESS & RECRUIT+ NEW P>TICIPANTS1 & = ALLEVIAT+ PRIVILEGE-9DUC$ GUILT & ACCESS+ ! MORAL RI<TE\SNESS ( ?OSE :O HAVE PUT !IR MONEY :]E !IR M\? IS1 SO TO SPEAK4 ,IT 5ABL$ !M TO CLAIM ?AT1 BY 9CURR+ A RELATIVELY EASY PRISON S5T5CE ( SIX MON?S OR LESS1 !Y W]E 0BE>+ WITNESS0 & 0/&+ 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! OPPRESS$0 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4.<#b#b#a.> 

,= ALL ITS FANF>E1 NONVIOL5CE IS DECREPIT4 ,NONVIOL5T !ORY RE/S ON A L>GE NUMB] ( MANIPULATIONS1 FALSIFICATIONS1 & DELUSIONS4 ,NONVIOL5T PRACTICE IS 9EFFECTIVE & SELF-S]V+4 ,9 A REVOLUTION>Y S5SE1 NOT ONLY HAS NONVIOL5CE NEV] WORK$1 IT HAS NEV] EXI/$4 ,DRIV+ A C>1 EAT+ MEAT1 EAT+ T(U1 PAY+ R5T1 PAY+ TAXES1 BE+ NICE TO A COP -- ALL ( !SE >E VIOL5T ACTIVITIES4.<#b#b#b.> ,! GLOBAL SY/EM & EV]YONE 9 IT >E SOAK$ 9 VIOL5CE2 IT IS 5=C$1 CO]C$1 9VOLUNT>Y4 ,= ?OSE SUFF]+ UND] ! VIOL5CE ( COLONIALISM1 MILIT>Y OCCUPATION1 OR RACIAL OPPRESSION1 NONVIOL5CE IS NOT ALWAYS AN OPTION -- PEOPLE MU/ EI!R FI<T BACK VIOL5TLY AGA9/ !IR OPPRESSOR OR DISPLACE ?AT VIOL5CE 9TO ANTI-SOCIAL VIOL5CE AGA9/ ONE ANO!R4 ,FRANTZ ,FANON WRITES3 

,H]E ON ! LEVEL ( COMMUNAL ORGANIZATIONS WE CLE>LY DISC]N ! WELL-KN[N BEHAVIOR PATT]NS ( AVOIDANCE4 ,IT IS AS IF PLUNG+ 9TO A FRAT]NAL BLOOD-BA? ALL[$ !M TO IGNORE ! OB/ACLE1 & TO PUT (F TILL LAT] ! *OICE1 NEV]!LESS 9EVITABLE1 :I* OP5S UP ! QUE/ION ( >M$ RESI/ANCE TO COLONIALISM4 ,?US COLLECTIVE AUTODE/RUCTION 9 A V]Y CONCRETE =M IS ONE ( ! WAYS 9 :I* ! NATIVE'S MUSCUL> T5SION IS SET FREE4.<#b#b#c.> 

,PEACE IS NOT AN OPTION UNTIL AFT] ! C5TRALLY ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE ?AT IS ! /ATE IS DE/ROY$4 ,EXCLUSIVE RELIANCE ON BUILD+ ALT]NATIVES -- TO SU/A9 US1 MAKE ! /ATE OBSOLETE1 & HEAL US FROM ?IS VIOL5CE TO PREV5T 0AUTO-DE/RUCTION0 -- IS ALSO NOT AN OPTION1 BECAUSE ! /ATE CAN CRU% ALT]NATIVES ?AT CANNOT DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,IF WE W]E ALL[$ TO LIVE ! *ANGE WE WI% TO SEE 9 ! WORLD1 !RE W\LDN'T BE MU* NE$ = REVOLUTION4 ,\R OPTIONS HAVE BE5 VIOL5TLY CON/RA9$ TO ! FOLL[+3 ACTIVELY SUPPORT+ ! VIOL5CE ( ! SY/EM2 TACITLY SUPPORT+ ?AT VIOL5CE BY FAIL+ TO *ALL5GE IT2 SUPPORT+ SOME ( ! EXI/+ =CEFUL ATTEMPTS TO DE/ROY ! SY/EM ( VIOL5CE2 OR PURSU+ NEW & ORIG9AL WAYS TO FI<T & DE/ROY ?AT SY/EM4 ,PRIVILEG$ ACTIVI/S NE$ TO UND]/& :AT ! RE/ ( ! WORLD'S PEOPLE HAVE KN[N ALL TOO LONG3 WE >E 9 ! MID/ ( A W>1 & NEUTRALITY IS NOT POSSIBLE4.<#b#b#d.> ,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ?IS WORLD CURR5TLY DES]V+ ( ! NAME PEACE4 ,RA!R1 IT IS A QUE/ION ( :OSE VIOL5CE FRI<T5S US MO/1 & ON :OSE SIDE WE WILL /&4 

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