,*APT] #b 
,NONVIOL5CE IS ,RACI/ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,NONVIOL5CE IS ,RACI/ 

,I DO NOT MEAN TO EX*ANGE 9SULTS1 & ,I USE ! EPI!T RACI/ ONLY AFT] C>EFUL CONSID]ATION4 ,NONVIOL5CE IS AN 9H]5TLY PRIVILEG$ POSITION 9 ! MOD]N CONTEXT4 ,BESIDES ! FACT ?AT ! TYPICAL PACIFI/ IS QUITE CLE>LY :ITE & MIDDLE CLASS1 PACIFISM AS AN IDEOLOGY COMES FROM A PRIVILEG$ CONTEXT4 ,IT IGNORES ?AT VIOL5CE IS ALREADY H]E2 ?AT VIOL5CE IS AN UNAVOIDABLE1 /RUCTURALLY 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! CURR5T SOCIAL HI]>*Y2 & ?AT IT IS PEOPLE ( COLOR :O >E MO/ AFFECT$ BY ?AT VIOL5CE4 ,PACIFISM ASSUMES ?AT :ITE PEOPLE :O GREW UP 9 ! SUBURBS ) ALL !IR BASIC NE$S MET CAN C\NSEL OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 MANY ( :OM >E PEOPLE ( COLOR1 TO SUFF] PATI5TLY UND] AN 9CONCEIVABLY GREAT] VIOL5CE1 UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! ,GREAT ,:ITE ,FA!R IS SWAY$ BY ! MOVEM5T'S DEM&S OR ! PACIFI/S A*IEVE ?AT LEG5D>Y 0CRITICAL MASS40 

,PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ! 9T]NAL COLONIES ( ! ,U,S CANNOT DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ POLICE BRUTALITY OR EXPROPRIATE ! MEANS ( SURVIVAL TO FREE !MSELVES FROM ECONOMIC S]VITUDE4 ,!Y MU/ WAIT = 5\< PEOPLE ( COLOR :O HAVE ATTA9$ MORE ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE 7! 0H\SE SLAVES0 ( ,MALCOLM ,X'S ANALYSIS.<#d#g.>7 & CONSCI5TI\S :ITE PEOPLE TO GA!R TOGE!R & HOLD H&S & S+ SONGS4 ,!N1 !Y BELIEVE1 *ANGE WILL SURELY COME4 ,PEOPLE 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA MU/ SUFF] PATI5TLY1 LIKE TRUE M>TYRS1 :ILE :ITE ACTIVI/S 9 ! ,U,S 0BE> WITNESS0 & WRITE TO ,CONGRESS4 ,PEOPLE 9 ,IRAQ MU/ NOT FI<T BACK4 ,ONLY IF !Y REMA9 CIVILIANS WILL !IR DEA?S BE C\NT$ & M\RN$ BY :ITE PEACE ACTIVI/S :O WILL1 ONE ( !SE DAYS1 MU/] A PROTE/ L>GE 5\< TO /OP ! W>4 ,9DIG5\S PEOPLE NE$ TO WAIT JU/ A LITTLE LONG] 7SAY1 ANO!R #e YE>S7 UND] ! %AD[ ( G5OCIDE1 SL[LY DY+ (F ON M>G9AL L&S1 UNTIL-WELL1 !Y'RE NOT A PRIORITY RI<T N[1 SO P]HAPS !Y NE$ TO ORGANIZE A DEMON/RATION OR TWO TO W9 ! ATT5TION & SYMPA?Y ( ! P[]FUL4 ,OR MAYBE !Y C\LD GO ON /RIKE1 5GAGE 9 ,G&HIAN NONCOOP]ATION8 ,BUT WAIT-A MAJORITY ( !M >E ALREADY UNEMPLOY$1 NONCOOP]AT+1 FULLY EXCLUD$ FROM ! FUNCTION+ ( ! SY/EM4 

,NONVIOL5CE DECL>ES ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS C\LD HAVE F\<T (F ,COLUMBUS1 ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON1 & ALL ! O!R G5OCIDAL BUT*]S ) SIT-9S2 ?AT ,CRAZY ,HORSE1 BY US+ VIOL5T RESI/ANCE1 BECAME P>T ( ! CYCLE ( VIOL5CE1 & WAS 0AS BAD AS0 ,CU/]4 ,NONVIOL5CE DECL>ES ?AT ,AFRICANS C\LD HAVE /OPP$ ! SLAVE TRADE ) HUNG] /RIKES & PETITIONS1 & ?AT ?OSE :O MUT9I$ W]E AS BAD AS !IR CAPTORS2 ?AT MUT9Y1 A =M ( VIOL5CE1 L$ TO MORE VIOL5CE1 &1 ?US1 RESI/ANCE L$ TO MORE 5SLAVEM5T4 ,NONVIOL5CE REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE ?AT IT CAN ONLY WORK = PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE1 :O HAVE A /ATUS PROTECT$ BY VIOL5CE1 AS ! P]PETRATORS & B5EFICI>IES ( A VIOL5T HI]>*Y4 

,PACIFI/S MU/ KN[1 AT LEA/ SUBCONSCI\SLY1 ?AT NONVIOL5CE IS AN ABSURDLY PRIVILEG$ POSITION1 SO !Y MAKE FREQU5T USAGE ( RACE BY TAK+ ACTIVI/S ( COLOR \T ( !IR CONTEXTS & SELECTIVELY US+ !M AS SPOKESP]SONS = NONVIOL5CE4 ,G&HI & ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 >E TURN$ 9TO REPRES5TATIVES = ALL PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,NELSON ,M&ELA WAS TOO1 UNTIL IT DAWN$ ON :ITE PACIFI/S ?AT ,M&ELA US$ NONVIOL5CE SELECTIVELY1 & ?AT HE ACTUALLY WAS 9VOLV$ 9 LIB]ATION ACTIVITIES SU* AS BOMB+S & PREP>ATION = >M$ UPRIS+4.<#d#h.> ,EV5 ,G&HI & ,K+ AGRE$ IT WAS NECESS>Y TO SUPPORT >M$ LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS 7CIT+ TWO EXAMPLES1 ?OSE 9 ,PALE/9E & ,VIETNAM1 RESPECTIVELY7 :]E !RE WAS NO NONVIOL5T ALT]NATIVE1 CLE>LY PRIORITIZ+ GOALS OV] P>TICUL> TACTICS4 ,BUT ! MO/LY :ITE PACIFI/S ( TODAY ]ASE ?IS P>T ( ! HI/ORY & RE-CREATE NONVIOL5CE TO FIT !IR COM=T LEVEL1 EV5 :ILE 0CLAIM+ ! MANTLE0 ( ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 & ,G&HI4.<#d#i.> ,ONE GETS ! IMPRESSION ?AT IF ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 W]E TO COME 9 DISGUISE TO ONE ( !SE PACIFI/ VIGILS1 HE W\LD NOT BE ALL[$ TO SPEAK4 ,AS HE PO9T$ \T3 

,AP>T FROM BIGOTS & BACKLA%]S1 IT SEEMS TO BE A MALADY EV5 AMONG ?OSE :ITES :O LIKE TO REG>D !MSELVES AS 05LI<T5$40 ,I W\LD ESPECIALLY REF] TO ?OSE :O C\NSEL1 0,WAIT60 & TO ?OSE :O SAY ?AT !Y SYMPA?IZE ) \R GOALS BUT CANNOT CONDONE \R ME?ODS ( DIRECT-ACTION 9 PURSUIT ( ?OSE GOALS4 ,I WOND] AT M5 :O D>E TO FEEL ?AT !Y HAVE SOME PAT]NALI/IC RI<T TO SET ! TIMETABLE = ANO!R MAN'S LIB]ATION4 

,OV] ! PA/ SEV]AL YE>S1 ,I MU/ SAY1 ,I HAVE BE5 GRAVELY DISAPPO9T$ ) SU* :ITE 0MOD]ATES40 ,I AM (T5 9CL9$ TO ?9K ?AT !Y >E MORE ( A /UMBL+ BLOCK TO ! ,NEGRO'S PROGRESS ?AN ! ,:ITE ,CITIZ5'S ,C\NCIL] .<SIC.> OR ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLANN]4.<#e.> 

,& IT MU/ BE ADD$ ?AT PRIVILEG$ :ITE PEOPLE W]E 9/RUM5TAL 9 APPO9T+ ACTIVI/S SU* AS ,G&HI & ,K+ TO POSITIONS ( LEAD]%IP ON A NATIONAL SCALE4 ,AMONG :ITE ACTIVI/S &1 NOT CO9CID5TALLY1 ! :ITE-SUPREMACI/ RUL+ CLASS1 ! CIVIL RI<TS-]A ,M>* ON ,WA%+TON IS ASSOCIAT$ FIR/ & =EMO/ ) ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4'S 0,I ,HAVE A ,DREAM0 SPEE*4 ,MO/LY ABS5T FROM ! :ITE CONSCI\SNESS1 BUT AT LEA/ AS 9FLU5TIAL TO BLACK PEOPLE1 WAS ,MALCOLM ,X'S P]SPECTIVE1 AS >TICULAT$ 9 HIS SPEE* CRITICIZ+ ! M>*'S LEAD]%IP4 

,IT WAS ! GRASSROOTS \T !RE 9 ! /REET4 ,IT SC>$ ! :ITE MAN TO DEA?1 SC>$ ! :ITE P[] /RUCTURE 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D,C1 TO DEA?2 ,I WAS !RE4 ,:5 !Y F\ND \T ?IS BLACK /EAMROLL] WAS GO+ TO COME D[N ON ! CAPITAL1 !Y CALL$ 9444!SE NATIONAL ,NEGRO LEAD]S ?AT Y\ RESPECT & TOLD !M1 0,CALL IT (F40 ,K5N$Y SAID1 0,LOOK1 Y\ ALL >E LETT+ ?IS ?+ GO TOO F>40 ,& ,OLD ,TOM SAID1 0,BOSS1 ,I CAN'T /OP IT BECAUSE ,I DIDN'T />T IT40 ,I'M TELL+ Y\ :AT !Y SAID4 ,!Y SAID1 0,I'M NOT EV5 9 IT1 MU* LESS AT ! HEAD ( IT40 ,!Y SAID1 0,!SE ,NEGROES >E DO+ ?+S ON !IR [N4 ,!Y'RE RUNN+ AHEAD ( US40 ,& ?AT OLD %REWD FOX1 HE SAID1 0,IF Y\ ALL >5'T 9 IT1 ,I'LL PUT Y\ 9 IT4 ,I'LL PUT Y\ AT ! HEAD ( IT4 ,I'LL 5DORSE IT4 ,I'LL WELCOME IT4444 

,?IS IS :AT !Y DID AT ! M>* ON ,WA%+TON4 ,!Y JO9$ IT444BECAME P>T ( IT1 TOOK IT OV]4 ,& AS !Y TOOK IT OV]1 IT LO/ ITS MILITANCY4 ,IT CEAS$ TO BE ANGRY1 IT CEAS$ TO BE HOT1 IT CEAS$ TO BE UNCOMPROMIS+4 ,:Y1 IT EV5 CEAS$ TO BE A M>*4 ,IT BECAME A PICNIC1 A CIRCUS4 ,NO?+ BUT A CIRCUS1 ) CL[NS & ALL4444 

,NO1 IT WAS A SELL\T4 ,IT WAS A TAKEOV]4444,!Y CONTROLL$ IT SO TI<T1 !Y TOLD ?OSE ,NEGROES :AT TIME TO HIT T[N1 :]E TO /OP1 :AT SIGNS TO C>RY1 :AT SONG TO S+1 :AT SPEE* !Y C\LD MAKE1 & :AT SPEE* !Y C\LDN'T MAKE1 & !N TOLD !M TO GET \T ( T[N BY SUND[N4.<#e#a.> 

,! 5D RESULT ( ! M>* WAS TO 9VE/ SIGNIFICANT MOVEM5T RES\RCES1 AT A CRITICAL TIME1 9 AN ULTIMATELY PACIFY+ EV5T4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,BAY>D ,RU/91 ONE ( ! *IEF ORGANIZ]S ( ! M>*1 0,Y\ />T TO ORGANIZE A MASS M>* BY MAK+ AN UGLY ASSUMPTION4 ,Y\ ASSUME ?AT EV]YONE :O IS COM+ HAS ! M5TALITY ( A ?REE-YE>-OLD40.<#e#b.> ,DEMON/RATORS RECEIV$ PREMADE PROTE/ SIGNS ) GOV]NM5T-APPROV$ SLOGANS2 ! SPEE*ES ( SEV]AL PROTE/ LEAD]S1 9CLUD+ ,S,N,C,C *AIRMAN ,JOHN ,LEWIS1 W]E C5SOR$ TO TAKE \T ?REATS ( >M$ /RUGGLE & CRITICISMS ( ! GOV]NM5T'S CIVIL RI<TS BILL2 &1 JU/ AS ,MALCOLM ,X DESCRIB$1 AT ! 5D1 ! :OLE CR[D WAS TOLD TO LEAVE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE4 

,?\< HE 5JOYS COMP>ATIVELY LITTLE ATT5TION 9 MA9/REAM HI/ORIES1 ,MALCOLM ,X WAS EXTREMELY 9FLU5TIAL ON ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 & HE WAS RECOGNIZ$ AS SU* BY ! MOVEM5T ITSELF & BY GOV]NM5T =CES *>G$ ) DE/ROY+ ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 AN 9T]NAL MEMO1 ! ,F,B,I ADDRESSES ! NE$ TO PREV5T ! RISE ( A BLACK 0MESSIAH0 AS P>T ( ITS ,C\NT] ,9TELLIG5CE ,PROGRAM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,F,B,I1 IT IS ,MALCOLM ,X :O 0MI<T HAVE BE5 SU* A 'MESSIAH'2 HE IS ! M>TYR ( ! MOVEM5T TODAY40.<#e#c.> ,! FACT ?AT ,MALCOLM ,X WAS S+L$ \T BY ! ,F,B,I AS A MAJOR ?REAT RAISES ! POSSIBILITY ( /ATE 9VOLVEM5T ) HIS ASSASS9ATION2.<#e#d.> C]TA9LY O!R NON-PACIFI/ BLACK ACTIVI/S1 :O W]E ID5TIFI$ BY ! ,F,B,I AS P>TICUL>LY EFFECTIVE ORGANIZ]S1 W]E T>GET$ = ELIM9ATION BY MEANS 9CLUD+ ASSASS9ATION4.<#e#e.> ,MEAN:ILE1 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 WAS ALL[$ HIS CELEBRITY & 9FLU5CE UNTIL HE BECAME MORE RADICAL1 SPOKE ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION1 & ADVOCAT$ SOLID>ITY ) ! >M$ /RUGGLE ( ! ,VIETNAMESE4 

,9 EFFECT1 :ITE ACTIVI/S1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 M9IMIZ+ ! ROLE ( MILITANT & >M$ /RUGGLE1 ASSI/ ! /ATE 9 ASSASS9AT+ ,MALCOLM ,X 7& SIMIL> REVOLUTION>IES74 ,!Y P]=M ! CLEAN] HALF ( ! JOB1 9 DISAPPE>+ HIS MEMORY & ]AS+ HIM FROM HI/ORY4.<#e#f.> ,& DESPITE !IR ABSURDLY DISPROPORTIONATE PR(ESSIONS ( DEVOTION TO HIM 7!RE W]E1 AFT] ALL1 A FEW O!R PEOPLE :O TOOK P>T 9 ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T71 !Y SIMIL>LY HELP ASSASS9ATE ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR41 ?\< 9 HIS CASE A MORE ,ORWELLIAN ME?OD 7ASSASS9ATE1 RE=MULATE1 & CO-OPT7 IS US$4 ,D>R5 ,P>K]1 A BLACK ACTIVI/ & CONSULTANT TO GRASSROOTS GR\PS :OSE CRITICISMS HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO MY [N UND]/&+ ( NONVIOL5CE1 WRITES1 

,! NUMB] ( TIMES PEOPLE QUOTE ,K+ IS ONE ( ! MO/ (F-PUTT+ ?+S = MO/ BLACK FOLK BECAUSE !Y KN[ H[ MU* HIS LIFE WAS FOCUS$ ON ! RACE /RUGGLE444& :5 Y\ ACTUALLY READ ,K+1 Y\ T5D TO WOND] :Y ! P>TS CRITICAL ( :ITE PEOPLE1 :I* >E ! MAJORITY ( ! ?+S HE SAID & WROTE1 NEV] GET QUOT$4.<#e#g.> 

,?US ,K+'S MORE DI/URB+ 7TO :ITE PEOPLE7 CRITICISM ( RACISM IS AVOID$1.<#e#h.> & HIS CLI*$ PRESCRIPTIONS = FEEL-GOOD1 NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM >E REPEAT$ AD NAUSEUM1 ALL[+ :ITE PACIFI/S TO CA% 9 ON AN AU?ORITATIVE CULTURAL RES\RCE TO CONFIRM !IR NONVIOL5T ACTIVISM & PREV5T ! ACKN[L$GM5T ( ! RACISM 9H]5T 9 !IR POSITION BY ASSOCIAT+ !MSELVES ) A NONCONTROV]SIAL BLACK FIGUREHEAD4 

,PACIFI/S' REVIS+ ( HI/ORY TO REMOVE EXAMPLES ( MILITANT /RUGGLES AGA9/ :ITE SUPREMACY CANNOT BE DIVORC$ FROM A RACISM ?AT IS 9H]5T 9 ! PACIFI/ POSITION4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO CLAIM SUPPORT =1 MU* LESS SOLID>ITY )1 PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 !IR /RUGGLES :5 UNAVOIDABLY SIGNIFICANT GR\PS SU* AS ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T1 ! ,BR[N ,B]ETS1 & ! ,VIETCONG >E ACTIVELY IGNOR$ 9 FAVOR ( A HOMOG5E\S PICTURE ( ANTI-RACI/ /RUGGLE ?AT ACKN[L$GES ONLY ?OSE SEGM5TS ?AT DO NOT CONTRADICT ! RELATIVELY COM=TABLE VISION ( REVOLUTION PREF]R$ MO/LY BY :ITE RADICALS4 ,CLAIMS ( SUPPORT & SOLID>ITY BECOME EV5 MORE PRET5TI\S :5 :ITE PACIFI/S DRAFT RULES ( ACCEPTABLE TACTICS & IMPOSE !M ACROSS ! MOVEM5T1 9 D5IAL ( ! IMPORTANCE ( RACE1 CLASS BACKGR\ND1 & O!R CONTEXTUAL FACTORS4 

,! PO9T IS NOT ?AT :ITE ACTIVI/S1 9 ORD] TO BE ANTI-RACI/1 NE$ TO UNCRITICALLY SUPPORT ANY ,ASIAN1 ,LAT9O1 9DIG5\S1 OR BLACK RESI/ANCE GR\P ?AT POPS UP4 ,H[EV]1 !RE IS A ,EUROC5TRIC UNIV]SALISM 9 ! IDEA ?AT WE >E ALL P>T ( ! SAME HOMOG5E\S /RUGGLE & :ITE PEOPLE AT ! HE>T ( ! ,EMPIRE CAN TELL PEOPLE ( COLOR & PEOPLE 9 ! 7NEO7COLONIES ! BE/ WAY TO RESI/4 ,! PEOPLE MO/ AFFECT$ BY A SY/EM ( OPPRESSION %\LD BE AT ! =EFRONT ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?AT P>TICUL> OPPRESSION1.<#e#i.> YET PACIFISM AGA9 & AGA9 PRODUCES ORGANIZATIONS & MOVEM5TS ( :ITE PEOPLE ILLUM9AT+ ! PA? & LEAD+ ! WAY TO SAVE BR[N PEOPLE1 BECAUSE ! IMP]ATIVE ( NONVIOL5CE OV]RIDES ! BASIC RESPECT ( TRU/+ PEOPLE TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES4 ,:5EV] :ITE PACIFI/S CONC]N !MSELVES ) A CAUSE ?AT AFFECTS PEOPLE ( COLOR1 & RESI/]S AMONG ! AFFECT$ PEOPLE ( COLOR DO NOT CON=M TO ! P>TICUL> DEF9ITION ( NONVIOL5CE 9 USE1 ! :ITE ACTIVI/S PLACE !MSELVES AS ! TEA*]S & GUIDES1 CREAT+ A DYNAMIC ?AT IS REM>KABLY COLONIAL4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS IS L>GELY A FUNCTION ( :IT5ESS 7A SOCIALLY CON/RUCT$ WORLDVIEW TAU<T DIFFUSIVELY TO ALL PEOPLE ID5TIFI$ BY SOCIETY AS 0:ITE074 ,MILITANT :ITE ACTIVI/S CAN & DO 9CUR SIMIL> PROBLEMS :5 !Y DISRESPECT ALLIES ( COLOR BY DICTAT+ ! APPROPRIATE1 OR?ODOX ME?OD ( /RUGGLE4 

,! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND & O!R MILITANT :ITE GR\PS ( ! #a#i#fS & #gS DID A HORRIBLE JOB ( EXT5D+ SOLID>ITY TO ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 VOIC+ SUPPORT BUT )HOLD+ ANY MAT]IAL AID1 9 P>T BECAUSE !Y VIEW$ !MSELVES AS A VANGU>D & ! BLACK GR\PS AS IDEOLOGICAL COMPETITORS4 ,O!R :ITE ORGANIZATIONS1 SU* AS ! ,LIB]ATION ,SUPPORT ,MOVEM5T1 US$ !IR SUPPORT TO EX]CISE CONTROL OV] ! ANTI-COLONIAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS !Y CLAIM$ TO BE ACT+ 9 SOLID>ITY )1.<#f.> MU* ! WAY A GOV]NM5T AID AG5CY OP]ATES4 

,9T]E/+LY1 EV5 AMONG MILITANT :ITE ACTIVI/S1 RACISM 5C\RAGES PASSIVITY4 ,ONE ( ! PROBLEMS ( ! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND IS ?AT !Y W]E CLAIM+ TO FI<T ALONGSIDE BLACK & ,VIETNAMESE PEOPLE1 BUT ?IS WAS JU/ PO/UR+ -- !Y CONDUCT$ H>MLESS1 SYMBOLIC BOMB+S & DISDA9$ ACTIONS LIKELY TO PUT !IR [N LIVES AT RISK4 ,TODAY1 !IR VET]ANS >E NOT DEAD OR IMPRISON$ 7EXCEPT+ ?REE VICTIMS ( AN E>LY EXPLOSIVES MAK+ ACCID5T & ?OSE :O LEFT ,WEA!R TO FI<T ALONGSIDE MEMB]S ( ! ,BLACK ,LIB]ATION ,>MY72 !Y >E LIV+ COM=TABLY AS ACADEMICS & PR(ESSIONALS4.<#f#a.> ,MILITANT :ITE AN>*I/S 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA TODAY EXHIBIT SIMIL> T5D5CIES4 ,MANY ( ! MO/ VOCAL DISDA9 ONGO+ LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 D5\NC+ !M AS 0NOT AN>*I/10 RA!R ?AN SUPPORT+ !IR MO/ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT !SE H>D-CORE 7&1 AT ! SAME TIME1 >M*AIR7 AN>*I/S CAN F9D NO REAL 7& DANG]\S7 RESI/ANCE WOR?Y ( !IR SUPPORT1 SO !Y /ICK TO MILITANT PO/URES & ! VIOL5CE ( IDEOLOGICAL HAIRSPLITT+4 

,A :ITE SUPREMACI/ SY/EM PUNI%ES ! RESI/ANCE ( PEOPLE ( COLOR MORE H>%LY ?AN ! RESI/ANCE ( :ITE PEOPLE4 ,EV5 :ITE ACTIVI/S :O HAVE MADE \RSELVES AW>E ( ! DYNAMICS ( RACISM F9D ! RESULT+ PRIVILEGE1 ONE ( SOCIALLY GU>ANTE$ SAFETY1 DIFFICULT TO REL9QUI%4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ?OSE :O *ALL5GE :ITE SUPREMACY DIRECTLY & MILITANTLY WILL SEEM ?REAT5+ TO US4 ,MUMIA ,ABU-,JAMAL WRITES3 

,! ACCOLADES & B\QUETS ( LATE-#b?-C5TURY ,BLACK /RUGGLE W]E AW>D$ TO VET]ANS ( ! CIVIL RI<TS /RUGGLE EPITOMIZ$ BY ! M>TYR$ ,REV4 ,DR4 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 ,ELEVAT$ BY :ITE & ,BLACK ELITES TO ! HEI<TS ( SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE1 ,DR4 ,K+'S MESSAGE ( ,*RI/IAN =BE>ANCE & HIS TURN-!-O!R-*EEK DOCTR9E W]E CALM+ TO ! :ITE PSY*E4 ,TO ,AM]ICANS BR$ = COM=T1 ,DR4 ,K+ WAS1 ABOVE ALL1 SAFE4 

,! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY WAS ! ANTI!SIS ( ,DR4 ,K+4 

,! ,P>TY WAS NOT A CIVIL RI<TS GR\P444BUT PRACTIC$ ! HUMAN RI<T ( SELF-DEF5SE 4444,! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY MADE 7:ITE7 ,AM]ICANS FEEL MANY ?+S1 BUT SAFE WASN'T ONE ( !M4.<#f#b.> 

,:ITE PACIFI/S 7& EV5 B\RGEOIS BLACK PACIFI/S7 >E AFRAID ( ! TOTAL ABOLITION ( ! :ITE SUPREMACI/1 CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,!Y PREA* NONVIOL5CE TO ! PEOPLE AT ! BOTTOM ( ! RACIAL & ECONOMIC HI]>*Y PRECISELY BECAUSE NONVIOL5CE IS 9EFFECTIVE1 & ANY REVOLUTION LAUN*$ 'BY ?OSE PEOPLE1' PROVID$ IT REMA9S NONVIOL5T1 WILL BE UNABLE TO FULLY UNSEAT :ITE PEOPLE & RI* PEOPLE FROM !IR PRIVILEG$ POSITIONS4 ,EV5 /RA9S ( NONVIOL5CE ?AT SEEK TO ABOLI% ! /ATE AIM TO DO SO BY TRANS=M+ IT 7& CONV]T+ ! PEOPLE 9 P[]72 ?US1 NONVIOL5CE REQUIRES ?AT ACTIVI/S ATTEMPT TO 9FLU5CE ! P[] /RUCTURE1 :I* REQUIRES ?AT !Y APPROA* IT1 :I* MEANS ?AT PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE1 :O HAVE BETT] ACCESS TO P[]1 WILL RETA9 CONTROL ( ANY MOVEM5T AS ! GATEKEEP]S & 9T]M$I>IES :O ALL[ ! MASSES TO 'SPEAK TRU? TO P[]4' 

,9 ,NOVEMB] #b#c1 ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS ,WAT* 7,S,O,A,W7 ACTIVI/S ORGANIZ$ AN ANTI-OPPRESSION DISCUSSION DUR+ !IR ANNUAL PACIFI/ VIGIL \TSIDE ,=T ,B5N+ ,>MY ,BASE 7:I* H\SES ! ,S*OOL ( ! ,AM]ICAS1 A MILIT>Y-TRA9+ S*OOL PROM95TLY CONNECT$ TO HUMAN-RI<TS ABUSES 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA74 ,! ORGANIZ]S ( ! DISCUSSION HAD A DIFFICULT TIME GETT+ ! :ITE1 MIDDLE-CLASS P>TICIPANTS 7BY F> ! DOM9ANT DEMOGRAPHIC AT ! EXPLICITLY NONVIOL5T VIGIL7 TO FOCUS ON OPPRESSIVE DYNAMICS 7SU* AS RACISM1 CLASSISM1 SEXISM1 & TRANSPHOBIA7 )9 ! ORGANIZATION & AMONG ACTIVI/S ASSOCIAT$ ) ,S,O,A,W'S ANTI-MILIT>I/ EF=TS4 ,9/EAD1 PEOPLE AT ! DISCUSSION1 P>TICUL>LY OLD]1 :ITE1 SELF-PROCLAIM$ PACIFI/S1 KEPT RETURN+ TO =MS ( OPPRESSION PRACTIC$ BY SOME EXT]NAL =CE -- ! POLICE KEEP+ AN EYE ON ! VIGIL1 OR ! MILIT>Y SUBJUGAT+ PEOPLE 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,IT WAS QUITE APP>5T ?AT SELF-CRITICISM 7& -IMPROVEM5T7 WAS AN UNDESIRABLE OPTION2 ! PREF]ABLE ALT]NATIVE WAS TO FOCUS ON ! FAULTS ( A VIOL5T O!R1 EMPHASIZ+ !IR [N VICTIMIZATION BY 7&1 H5CE1 MORAL SUP]IORITY TO7 ! =CES ( /ATE P[]4 ,EV5TUALLY1 A NUMB] ( VET]AN ACTIVI/S ( COLOR :O ATT5D$ ! DISCUSSION W]E ABLE TO MOVE ATT5TION TO ! MANY =MS ( RACISM )9 ! ANTI-,S,O,A MILIEU ?AT PREV5T$ IT FROM ATTRACT+ MORE SUPPORT FROM NON-PRIVILEG$ POPULATIONS4 ,P]HAPS !IR MAJOR CRITICISM1 9 PO9T+ \T ! RACISM !Y WITNESS$1 WAS AGA9/ ! ORGANIZATION'S PRACTICE ( PACIFISM4 ,!Y SPOKE AGA9/ ! :ITE PACIFI/S' PRIVILEG$1 COM=TABLE TAKE ON ACTIVISM1 & LAMBA/$ ! CASUAL1 5T]TA9+1 CELEBRATORY ATTITUDE ( ! PROTE/1 ) ITS PRET5SIONS ( BE+ REVOLUTION>Y1 EV5 ( BE+ A PROTE/4 

,ONE BLACK WOMAN WAS P>TICUL>LY 9C5S$ AT AN EXP]I5CE %E HAD HAD :ILE TAK+ A BUS D[N TO ! ,=T ,B5N+ VIGIL ) O!R ANTI-,S,O,A ACTIVI/S4 ,DUR+ A CONV]SATION ) A :ITE ACTIVI/1 %E /AT$ ?AT %E DID NOT SUPPORT ! PRACTICE ( NONVIOL5CE4 ,?AT ACTIVI/ !N TOLD H] %E WAS 0ON ! WRONG BUS0 & DID NOT BELONG AT ! PROTE/4 ,:5 ,I RELAT$ ?IS /ORY & ! O!R CRITICISMS MADE BY PEOPLE ( COLOR DUR+ ! DISCUSSION TO A LI/S]V ( ,S,O,A,W-AFFILIAT$ =M] PRISON]S 7AFT] S]V+ A FULLY VOLUNT>Y1 SIX-MON?-MAXIMUM PRISON S5T5CE1 !Y GAVE !MSELVES ! HONORIFIC TITLE 0PRISON] ( CONSCI5CE071 ONE :ITE PEACE ACTIVI/ WROTE BACK TO ME ?AT %E WAS SURPRIS$ ?AT A BLACK WOMAN W\LD BE IDEOLOGICALLY OPPOS$ TO NONVIOL5CE1 9 SPITE ( ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 & ! LEGACY ( ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T4.<#f#c.> 

,B5EA? !IR FREQU5T & MANIPULATIVE USAGE ( PEOPLE ( COLOR AS FIGUREHEADS & TAME SPOKESP]SONS1 PACIFI/S FOLL[ A TACTICAL & IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK =MULAT$ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY BY :ITE !ORI/S4 ,:]EAS REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S >E H>D-PRESS$ TO F9D :ITE !ORI/S ) ANY?+ RELEVANT TO SAY REG>D+ ! ME?ODS ( MILITANT /RUGGLE1 ! TEA*]S ( PACIFISM >E PRIM>ILY :ITE 7= EXAMPLE2 ,DAVID ,DELL+]1 ! ,B]RIGANS1 ,GEORGE ,LAKEY1 ,G5E ,%>P1 ,DORO?Y ,DAY1 & ,A,J ,MU/E74 ,AN >TICLE ESP\S+ NONVIOL5CE PUBLI%$1 APPROPRIATELY 5\<1 9 ,! ,NATION1 DROPS ,G&HI'S NAME LIKE A BANN] BUT PRIM>ILY QUOTES :ITE ACTIVI/S & S*OL>S TO >TICULATE A MORE PRECISE /RATEGY4.<#f#d.> ,ANO!R >TICLE ON NONVIOL5CE1 RECOMM5D$ BY A PACIFI/ ANTI-,S,O,A ACTIVI/ TO NON-PACIFI/ ACTIVI/S :O D\BT$ PACIFISM'S /RATEGIC DEP?1 RELIES SOLELY ON :ITE S\RCES4.<#f#e.> ,A BOOK POPUL> AMONG ,U,S PACIFI/S /ATES ?AT 0,AM]ICA HAS MORE (T5 BE5 ! TEA*] ?AN ! /UD5T ( ! NONVIOL5T IDEAL4.<#f#f.> 

,PACIFI/S W\LD ALSO DO WELL TO EXAM9E ! COLOR ( VIOL5CE4 ,:5 WE M5TION RIOTS1 :OM DO WE 5VISION8 ,:ITE ACTIVI/S COMMITT+ PROP]TY DE/RUCTION AS A =M ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE MAY /RET*1 BUT DO NOT USUALLY LOSE1 ! PROTECTIVE COV]+ ( 0NONVIOL5CE40 ,PEOPLE ( COLOR 5GAG$ 9 POLITICALLY MOTIVAT$ PROP]TY DE/RUCTION1 UNLESS /RICTLY )9 ! RUBRIC ( A :ITE ACTIVI/-ORGANIZ$ PROTE/1 >E BANI%$ TO ! REALM ( VIOL5CE1 D5I$ CONSID]ATION AS ACTIVI/S1 NOT PORTRAY$ AS CONSCI5TI\S4 

,! RACISM ( ! JUDICIAL SY/EM1 A MAJOR & VIOL5T COMPON5T ( \R SOCIETY1 ?\< ONE R>ELY PRIORITIZ$ = OPPOSITION BY PACIFI/S1 HAS HAD A MAJOR IMPACT ON ! ,AM]ICAN PSY*E4 ,VIOL5CE & CRIM9ALITY >E NE>LY 9T]*ANGEABLE CONCEPTS 7CONSID] H[ COM=TABLE PACIFI/S >E 9 US+ ! T]M9OLOGY ( /ATI/ MORALITY -- = EXAMPLE1 0JU/ICE0 -- AS !IR [N71 & A *IEF PURPOSE ( BO? CONCEPTS IS TO E/ABLI% BLAME4 ,JU/ AS CRIM9ALS DES]VE REPRESSION & PUNI%M5T1 PEOPLE :O USE VIOL5CE DES]VE ! 9EVITABLE K>MIC VIOL5T CONSEQU5CES2 ?IS IS 9TEGRAL TO ! PACIFI/ POSITION4 ,!Y MAY D5Y BELIEV+ ?AT ANYONE DES]VES TO HAVE VIOL5CE US$ AGA9/ !M1 BUT A /OCK >GUM5T COMMON AMONG PACIFI/S IS ?AT REVOLUTION>IES %\LD NOT USE VIOL5CE BECAUSE ! /ATE WILL !N USE ?IS TO 0JU/IFY0 VIOL5T REPRESSION4 ,WELL1 TO :OM IS ?IS VIOL5T REPRESSION JU/IFI$1 & :Y >5'T ?OSE :O CLAIM TO BE AGA9/ VIOL5CE TRY+ TO UN-JU/IFY IT8 ,:Y DO NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S SEEK TO *ANGE SOCIETY'S MORALITY 9 H[ IT VIEWS OPPRESSION OR W>1 BUT ACCEPT ! MORALITY ( REPRESSION AS NATURAL & UNT\*ABLE8 

,?IS IDEA ( ! 9EVITABLE REPRESSIVE CONSEQU5CES ( MILITANCY FREQU5TLY GOES BEYOND HYPOCRISY TO \TRI<T VICTIM-BLAM+ & APPROVAL ( REPRESSIVE VIOL5CE4 ,PEOPLE ( COLOR :O >E OPPRESS$ ) POLICE & /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE EV]Y DAY >E C\NSEL$ AGA9/ RESPOND+ ) VIOL5CE BECAUSE ?AT W\LD JU/IFY ! /ATE VIOL5CE ALREADY MOBILIZ$ AGA9/ !M4 ,VICTIM-BLAM+ WAS A KEY P>T ( PACIFI/ DISC\RSE1 /RATEGY EV51 9 ! #a#i#fS & #gS1 :5 MANY :ITE ACTIVI/S HELP$ JU/IFY /ATE ACTIONS & NEUTRALIZE :AT C\LD HAVE BECOME ANTI-GOV]NM5T \TRAGE AT VIOL5T /ATE REPRESSION ( BLACK & O!R LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS1 SU* AS ! POLICE ASSASS9ATIONS ( ,PAN!R ORGANIZ]S ,F]D ,HAMPTON & ,M>K ,CL>K4 ,RA!R ?AN SUPPORT+ & AID+ ! ,PAN!RS1 :ITE PACIFI/S F\ND IT MORE FA%IONABLE TO /ATE ?AT !Y HAD 0PROVOK$ VIOL5CE0 & 0BR\<T ?IS ON !MSELVES40.<#f#g.> 

,MORE REC5TLY1 AT ! PREVI\SLY M5TION$ AN>*I/ CONF]5CE1 ,I *>G$ ?AT ! ,U,S ANTI-W> MOVEM5T DES]V$ TO %>E ! BLAME 9 ! DEA?S ( ?REE MILLION ,VIETNAMESE = BE+ SO ACCOMMODAT+ TO /ATE P[]4 ,A PACIFI/1 AN>*I/1 & ,*RI/IAN ,PEACEMAK] RESPOND$ TO MY *>GE BY /AT+ ?AT ! BLAME BELONG$ ) 7,I EXPECT$ HIM TO SAY ! ,U,S MILIT>Y ALONE1 BUT NO67 ,HO ,*I ,M9H & ! ,VIETNAMESE LEAD]%IP = PRACTIC+ >M$ /RUGGLE4.<#f#h.> 7,EI!R ?IS PACIFI/ CONSID]S ! ,VIETNAMESE PEOPLE UNABLE TO HAVE MADE ! HI<LY POPUL> /EP T[>D VIOL5T RESI/ANCE !MSELVES1 OR HE BLAMES !M AS WELL47 ,ONE GETS ! IMPRESSION ?AT IF MORE ,GYPSIES1 ,JEWS1 GAYS1 & O!RS HAD VIOL5TLY RESI/$ ! ,HOLOCAU/1 PACIFI/S W\LD F9D IT CONV5I5T TO BLAME ?AT LITTLE PH5OM5ON ON ! ABS5CE ( AN EXCLUSIVELY PACIFI/ OPPOSITION AS WELL4 

,BY PREA*+ NONVIOL5CE1 & AB&ON+ TO /ATE REPRESSION ?OSE :O DO NOT LI/5 OB$I5TLY1 :ITE ACTIVI/S :O ?9K !Y >E CONC]N$ AB\T RACISM >E ACTUALLY 5ACT+ A PAT]NALI/IC RELATION%IP & FULFILL+ ! USEFUL ROLE ( PACIFY+ ! OPPRESS$4 ,! PACIFICATION1 ?R\< NONVIOL5CE1 ( PEOPLE ( COLOR 9T]SECTS ) ! PREF]5CE ( :ITE SUPREMACI/ P[] /RUCTURES TO DIS>M ! OPPRESS$4 ,! CELEBRAT$ CIVIL RI<TS LEAD]S1 9CLUD+ ,K+1 W]E 9/RUM5TAL TO ! GOV]NM5T'S 0BULLET & BALLOT0 /RATEGY 9 ISOLAT+ & DE/ROY+ MILITANT BLACK ACTIVI/S & MANIPULAT+ ! REMA9D] TO SUPPORT A WEAK5$1 PRO-GOV]NM5T AG5DA C5T]$ >\ND VOT] REGI/RATION4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,N,A,A,C,P & ! ,S\!RN ,*RI/IAN ,LEAD]%IP ,C\NCIL 7,S,C,L,C7 GOT PAID BY ! GOV]NM5T = !IR S]VICES4.<#f#i.> 7,& ! ,/UD5T ,NON-,VIOL5T ,COORD9AT+ ,COMMITTEE 7,S,N,C,C7 WAS L>GELY DEP5D5T ON ! DONATIONS ( WEAL?Y LIB]AL B5EFACTORS1 :I* IT LO/ :5 IT ADOPT$ A MORE MILITANT /ANCE1 A FACTOR ?AT CONTRIBUT$ TO 
ITS COLLAPSE47.<#g.> 

,A C5TURY E>LI]1 ONE ( ! MAJOR ACTIVITIES ( ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN 9 ! YE>S FOLL[+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> WAS TO DIS>M ! 5TIRE BLACK POPULATION ( ! ,S\?1 /EAL+ ANY WEAPONS !Y C\LD F9D FROM NEWLY 0FRE$0 BLACK PEOPLE1 (T5 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! POLICE4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,KLAN ACT$ L>GELY AS A P>AMILIT>Y =CE = ! /ATE 9 TIMES ( UNRE/1 & BO? ! ,KLAN & MODEM ,U,S POLICE =CES HAVE ROOTS 9 ! ANTEBELLUM SLAVE PATROLS1 :I* REGUL>LY T]RORIZ$ BLACK PEOPLE AS A =M ( CONTROL1 9 :AT MI<T BE DESCRIB$ AS ! ORIG9AL POLICY ( RACIAL PR(IL+4.<#g#a.> ,TODAY1 ) ! SECURITY ( ! RACIAL HI]>*Y ASSUR$1 ! ,KLAN HAS FALL5 9TO ! BACKGR\ND1 ! POLICE RETA9 !IR WEAPONS1 & PACIFI/S :O ?9K !MSELVES ALLIES URGE BLACK PEOPLE NOT TO RE->M !MSELVES1 O/RACIZ+ ?OSE :O DO4 

,A G5]ATION AFT] ! FAILURE ( ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T1 BLACK RESI/ANCE GAVE BIR? TO HIP-HOP1 :I* MA9/REAM CULTURAL =CES SU* AS ! RECORD+ 9DU/RY1 CLO?+ MANUFACTUR]S1 & =-PR(IT M$IA 7?AT IS1 :ITE-[N$ BUS9ESSES7 CAPITALIZE & PUR*ASE4 ,!SE CAPITALI/ CULTURAL =CES1 :I* HAVE BE5 PROTECT$ BY ! DIS>M+ ( BLACK PEOPLE & 5RI*$ BY !IR EVOLV+ SLAV]Y1 WAX PACIFI/ & DECRY ! PREVAL5CE ( LYRICS AB\T %OOT+ 7BACK AT7 COPS4 ,HIP-HOP >TI/S BOND$ TO ! MAJOR RECORD LABELS L>GELY AB&ON ! GLORIFICATION ( ANTI-/ATE VIOL5CE & REPLACE IT ) AN 9CREASE 9 ! MORE FA%IONABLE VIOL5CE AGA9/ WOM54 ,! APPE>ANCE ( NONVIOL5CE1 9 ! CASE ( BLACK PEOPLE NOT >M+ !MSELVES OR ADVOCAT+ /RUGGLE AGA9/ POLICE1 IS1 9 FACT1 A REFLECTION ( ! TRIUMPH ( A PREVI\S VIOL5CE4 

,! MASSIVE 9T]P]SONAL VIOL5CE ( ! ,KLAN CREAT$ A MAT]IAL %IFT ?AT IS MA9TA9$ BY SY/EMIZ$ & LESS VISIBLE POLICE VIOL5CE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! CULTURAL P[] ( :ITE ELITES1 ITSELF GA9$ & PRES]V$ ?R\< ALL SORTS ( ECONOMIC & GOV]NM5T VIOL5CE1 IS US$ TO CO-OPT BLACK CULTURE TO FO/] A CELEBRATION ( SOME ( ! SAME IDEOLOGICAL CON/RUCTS ?AT JU/IFI$ KIDNAPP+1 5SLAV+1 & LYN*+ BLACK PEOPLE 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 :ILE *ANNEL+ ! ANG] FROM G5]ATIONS ( ABUSE 9TO CYCLES ( VIOL5CE )9 BLACK COMMUNITIES1 RA!R ?AN ALL[+ IT TO FOM5T VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! ALL-TOO-DES]V+ AU?ORITIES4 ,9 ! P[] DYNAMIC DESCRIB$ 9 ?IS BRIEF HI/ORICAL SKET*1 & 9 SO MANY O!R HI/ORIES ( RACIAL OPPRESSION1 PEOPLE :O 9SI/ ON NONVIOL5CE AMONG ! OPPRESS$1 IF !Y >E TO HAVE ANY ROLE1 5D UP DO+ ! WORK ( ! :ITE SUPREMACI/ P[] /RUCTURE :E!R !Y MEAN TO OR NOT4 

,ROB]T ,WILLIAMS PROVID$ AN ALT]NATIVE TO ?IS LEGACY ( DIS>MAM5T4 ,SADLY1 HIS /ORY IS LEFT \T ( ! DOM9ANT N>RATIVE F\ND 9 /ATE-SANCTION$ S*OOL TEXTBOOKS1 &1 IF PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE HAVE ANY?+ TO SAY AB\T IT1 IS ALSO EXCLUD$ FROM ! MOVEM5T'S SELF-N>RATIVE & UND]/&+ ( ITS [N HI/ORY4 ,BEG9N+ 9 #a#i#e#g1 ,ROB]T ,WILLIAMS >M$ ! ,N,A,A,C,P *APT] 9 ,MONROE1 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A1 TO REPEL ATTACKS FROM ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN & ! POLICE4 ,WILLIAMS 9FLU5C$ ! =MATION ( O!R >M$ SELF-DEF5SE GR\PS1 9CLUD+ ! ,DEACONS = ,DEF5SE & ,JU/ICE1 :I* GREW TO 9CLUDE FIFTY *APT]S ?R\<\T ! ,S\? ?AT PROTECT$ BLACK COMMUNITIES & CIVIL RI<TS WORK]S4.<#g#b.> ,IT IS EXACTLY !SE /ORIES ( EMP[]M5T ?AT :ITE PACIFI/S IGNORE OR BLOT \T4 

,NONVIOL5CE 9 ! H&S ( :ITE PEOPLE HAS BE5 & CONT9UES TO BE A COLONIAL 5T]PRISE4 ,:ITE ELITES 9/RUCT ! NATIVES 9 H[ TO RUN !IR ECONOMIES & GOV]NM5TS1 :ILE :ITE DISSID5TS 9/RUCT ! NATIVES 9 H[ TO RUN !IR RESI/ANCE4 ,ON ,APRIL #b1 #b#f1 A CO-F\ND] ( ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS 7,F,N,B71 ! MAJORITY-:ITE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN GR\P :I* S]VES FREE FOOD 9 PUBLIC PLACES ?R\< ONE HUNDR$ *APT]S 7MO/LY 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ,AU/RALIA1 & ,EUROPE71 S5T \T A CALL = SUPPORT = ! NEW ,F,N,B *APT] 9 ,NIG]IA4 

,?IS ,M>* ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS CO-F\ND] ,KEI? ,MC,H5RY & LOCAL ,NIG]IAN VOLUNTE] ,Y9KA ,DADA VISIT$ ! PEOPLE SUFF]+ 9 ! %AD[ ( ,NIG]IA'S OIL REF9]IES4 ,:ILE CONDITIONS 9 ! REGION >E T]RIBLE1 BOMBS >E NOT A GOOD WAY TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS4 ,! CRISIS 9 ,NIG]IA HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO OIL PRICES HITT+ A RECORD @s#g#b A B>REL4 ,IT'S UND]/&ABLE ?AT PEOPLE >E FRU/RAT$ ?AT ! PR(ITS ( !IR RES\RCES >E 5RI*+ =EIGN COMPANIES :ILE !IR 5VIRONM5T IS POLLUT$ & !Y LIVE 9 POV]TY4 ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS IS (F]+ A NONVIOL5T SOLUTION4.<#g#c.> 

,! ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS CALL = SUPPORT CONDEMN$ ! ACTIONS ( ! REBEL MILITIA1 ,M,5,D1 :I* IS SEEK+ AUTONOMY = ! ,IJAW PEOPLE ( ! ,NIG] ,DELTA & AN 5D TO ! DE/RUCTIVE OIL 9DU/RY 7:]EAS ,F,N,B 0WELCOM$ ,NIG]IAN ,PRESID5T ,OLUSEGUN ,OBASANJO'S ANN\NCEM5T ( NEW JOBS 9 ! ,DELTA ,REGION0 FROM OIL REV5UES74 ,M,5,D HAD KIDNAPP$ SEV]AL =EIGN 7,U,S & ,EUROPEAN7 OIL-COMPANY EMPLOYES TO DEM& AN 5D TO GOV]NM5T REPRESSION & CORPORATE EXPLOITATION 7! HO/AGES W]E RELEAS$ UNH>M$74 ,CURI\SLY1 :ILE !Y CONDEMN$ ! KIDNAPP+1 ,FOOD ,NOT ,BOMBS FAIL$ TO M5TION ! BOMB+1 BY ! ,NIG]IAN MILIT>Y UND] ,PRESID5T ,OBASANJO1 ( SEV]AL ,IJAW VILLAGES BELIEV$ TO SUPPORT ,M,5,D4 ,& :ILE !RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT ! 0NONVIOL5T SOLUTION0 !Y SAY !Y >E 0(F]+0 WILL DO ANY?+ TO FREE ,NIG]IANS FROM ! EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION !Y SUFF]1 IF NONVIOL5CE W]E IMPLEM5T$ AMONG ,NIG]IANS ?AT W\LD SURELY AV]T ! GOV]NM5T'S 0CRISIS0 & BR+ OIL PRICES BACK D[N1 :I*1 ,I SUPPOSE1 MAKES ?+S MORE PEACEFUL 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 

,FAC$ ) ! TOTAL REPRESSION ( ! :ITE SUPREMACI/ SY/EM1 ! OBVI\S USELESSNESS ( ! POLITICAL PROCESS1 & ! %AMELESS EF=TS ( A DISSID5T ELITE TO EXPLOIT & CONTROL ! RAGE ( ! OPPRESS$1 IT %\LD BE NO SURPRISE OR CONTROV]SY AT ALL ?AT 0! COLONIZ$ MAN F9DS HIS FRE$OM 9 & ?R\< VIOL5CE10 TO USE ! WORDS ( ,FRANTZ ,FANON1 ! DOCTOR FROM ,M>T9IQUE :O AU?OR$ ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT WORKS ON ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ COLONIALISM4.<#g#d.> ,MO/ :ITE PEOPLE HAVE 5\< PRIVILEGE & LATITUDE ?AT WE MAY MI/AKE !SE G5]\SLY LONG1 VELVET-PADD$ *A9S = FRE$OM1 SO WE COM=TABLY AGITATE )9 ! P>AMET]S ( DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY 7! BORD]S ( :I* >E COMPOS$ ( VIOL5TLY 5=C$ RACIAL1 ECONOMIC1 SEXUAL1 & GOV]NM5TAL /RUCTURES74 ,SOME ( US >E FUR!R MI/AK5 9 ASSUM+ ?AT ALL PEOPLE FACE !SE SAME CIRCUM/ANCES1 & EXPECT PEOPLE ( COLOR TO EX]CISE PRIVILEGES !Y DON'T ACTUALLY HAVE4 ,BUT BEYOND ! /RATEGIC NECESSITY ( ATTACK+ ! /ATE ) ALL MEANS AVAILABLE TO US1 HAVE ?OSE ( US NOT FAC$ ) DAILY POLICE 9TIMIDATION1 DEGRADATION1 & SUBORD9ATION CONSID]$ ! UPLIFT+ EFFECT ( =CEFULLY FI<T+ BACK8 ,FRANTZ ,FANON WRITES1 AB\T ! PSY*OLOGY ( COLONIALISM & ( VIOL5CE 9 PURSUIT ( LIB]ATION1 0,AT ! LEVEL ( 9DIVIDUALS1 VIOL5CE .<AS A P>T ( LIB]ATION /RUGGLE.> IS A CLEANS+ =CE4 ,IT FREES ! NATIVE FROM HIS 9F]IORITY COMPLEX444& FROM HIS DESPAIR & 9ACTION2 IT MAKES HIM FE>LESS & RE/ORES HIS SELF RESPECT40.<#g#e.> 

,BUT PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE :O COME FROM PRIVILEG$ BACKGR\NDS1 ) MAT]IAL & PSY*OLOGICAL COM=TS GU>ANTE$ & PROTECT$ BY A VIOL5T ORD]1 DO NOT GR[ UP ) AN 9F]IORITY COMPLEX VIOL5TLY P\ND$ 9TO !M4 ,! >ROGANCE ( PACIFI/S' ASSUMPTION ?AT !Y CAN DICTATE :I* =MS ( /RUGGLE >E MORAL & EFFECTIVE TO PEOPLE :O LIVE 9 F> DIFF]5T1 F> MORE VIOL5T CIRCUM/ANCES IS A/\ND+4 ,SUBURBAN :ITE PEOPLE :O LECTURE *ILDR5 ( ! ,J59 REFUGEE CAMP OR ! ,COLOMBIAN KILL+ FIELDS ON RESI/ANCE BE> A /RIK+ SIMIL>ITY TO1 SAY1 ,WORLD ,BANK ECONOMI/S :O DICTATE 0GOOD0 AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO ,9DIAN F>M]S :O HAVE 9H]IT$ C5TURIES-OLD AGRICULTURAL TRADITIONS4 ,& ! B5IGN RELATION%IP ( PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE TO GLOBAL SY/EMS ( VIOL5CE %\LD RAISE S]I\S QUE/IONS AS TO ! S9C]ITY ( PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE1 91 ?IS CASE :ITE PEOPLE1 :O ESP\SE NONVIOL5CE4 ,TO QUOTE ,D>R5 ,P>K] AGA91 0,! APPE>ANCE1 AT LEA/1 ( A NONVIOL5T SPIRIT IS MU* EASI] TO ATTA9 :5 ONE IS NOT ! DIRECT RECIPI5T ( ! 9JU/ICE & MAY 9 FACT SIMPLY REPRES5T PSY*OLOGICAL DI/ANCE4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT'S MU* EASI] TO ',LOVE ?Y 5EMY' :5 !Y >E NOT ACTUALLY Y\R 5EMY40.<#g#f.> 

,YES1 PEOPLE ( COLOR1 POOR PEOPLE & PEOPLE FROM ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? HAVE ADVOCAT$ NONVIOL5CE 7?\< TYPICALLY SU* PACIFI/S COME FROM MORE PRIVILEG$ /RATA ( !IR COMMUNITIES72 H[EV]1 ONLY ?R\< A HI<LY ACTIVE S5SE ( SUP]IORITY CAN :ITE ACTIVI/S JUDGE & CONDEMN OPPRESS$ PEOPLE :O DO NOT DO SO4 ,TRUE1 REG>DLESS ( PRIVILEGE1 WE %\LD BE ABLE TO TRU/ \R [N ANALYSIS1 BUT :5 ?AT ANALYSIS RE/S ON A DUBI\S MORAL HI< GR\ND & A CONV5I5TLY SELECTIVE 9T]PRETATION ( :AT CON/ITUTES VIOL5CE1 *ANCES >E \R SELF-CRITICISM HAS FALL5 ASLEEP ON ! JOB4 ,:5 WE UND]/& ?AT PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE D]IVE MAT]IAL B5EFITS FROM ! EXPLOITATION ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 & ?AT ?IS MEANS WE B5EFIT FROM ! VIOL5CE US$ TO KEEP !M D[N1 WE CANNOT S9C]ELY CONDEMN !M = VIOL5TLY REBELL+ AGA9/ ! /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE ?AT PRIVILEGES US4 7,?OSE :O HAVE EV] CONDEMN$ ! VIOL5T RESI/ANCE ( PEOPLE :O HAVE GR[N UP 9 MORE OPPRESSIVE CIRCUM/ANCES ?AN !MSELVES %\LD ?9K AB\T ?IS ! NEXT TIME !Y EAT A BANANA OR DR9K A CUP ( C(FEE47 

,I HOPE IT IS WELL UND]/OOD ?AT ! GOV]NM5T USES MORE VIOL5T =MS ( REPRESSION AGA9/ PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 RESI/ANCE ?AN AGA9/ :ITE PEOPLE4 ,:5 ,OGLALA TRADITIONALS & ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T /OOD UP ON ,P9E ,RIDGE ,RES]VATION 9 ! #a#i#gS TO ASS]T A LITTLE 9DEP5D5CE & TO ORGANIZE AGA9/ ! 5DEMIC BULLY+ ( ! IMPOS$ 0TRIBAL GOV]NM5T10 ! ,P5TAGON1 ,F,B,I1 ,U,S ,M>%ALS1 & ,BUREAU ( ,9DIAN ,AFFAIRS 9/ITUT$ A FULL-FL$G$ C\NT]9SURG5CY PROGRAM ?AT RESULT$ 9 DAILY VIOL5CE & DOZ5S ( DEA?S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,W>D ,*UR*ILL & ,JIM ,V&] ,WALL1 0,! PR9CIPLE ( >M$ SELF-DEF5SE HAD1 = ! DISSID5TS1 BECOME A NECESSITY ( SURVIVAL40.<#g#g.> 

,! ONLY PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE ,I HAVE EV] HE>D REJECT EV5 ! LEGITIMACY ( SELF-DEF5SE HAVE BE5 :ITE1 & ?\< !Y MAY HOLD UP !IR ,OSC> ,ROM]OS1 !Y & !IR FAMILIES HAVE NOT P]SONALLY HAD !IR SURVIVAL ?REAT5$ AS A RESULT ( !IR ACTIVISM4.<#g#h.> ,I HAVE A H>D TIME BELIEV+ ?AT !IR AV]SION TO VIOL5CE HAS AS MU* TO DO ) PR9CIPLES AS ) PRIVILEGE & IGNORANCE4 ,& BEYOND M]E SELF-DEF5SE1 :E!R 9DIVIDUALS HAVE FAC$ ! POSSIBILITY ( HAV+ TO FI<T BACK TO SURVIVE OR TO IMPROVE !IR LIVES DEP5DS L>GELY ON ! COLOR ( !IR SK9 & !IR PLACE 9 V>I\S NATIONAL & GLOBAL HI]>*IES ( OPPRESSION4 ,IT IS !SE EXP]I5CES ?AT NONVIOL5CE IGNORES BY TREAT+ VIOL5CE AS A MORAL ISSUE OR A *OS5 ?+4 

,! CULTURALLY S5SITIVE ALT]NATIVE )9 PACIFISM IS ?AT PRIVILEG$ ACTIVI/S ALL[1 OR EV5 SUPPORT1 MILITANT RESI/ANCE 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?1 & POSSIBLY 9 ! 9T]NAL COLONIES ( ! ,EURO_/,AM]ICAN /ATES1 & ONLY ADVOCATE NONVIOL5CE TO PEOPLE ) A SIMIL>LY PRIVILEG$ BACKGR\ND4 ,?IS =MULATION PRES5TS A NEW RACISM1 SUGGE/+ ?AT ! FI<T+ & DY+ BE C>RI$ \T BY PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ! MORE OV]TLY OPPRESSIVE /ATES ( ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?1 :ILE PRIVILEG$ CITIZ5S ( ! IMP]IAL C5T]S MAY BE CONT5T$ ) MORE CONTEXTUALLY APPROPRIATE =MS ( RESI/ANCE SU* AS PROTE/ RALLIES & SIT-9S4 

,AN ANTI-RACI/ ANALYSIS1 ON ! O!R H&1 REQUIRES :ITE PEOPLE TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! VIOL5CE AGA9/ :I* PEOPLE ( COLOR MU/ DEF5D !MSELVES ORIG9ATES 9 ! :ITE 0,FIR/ ,WORLD40 ,?US1 APPROPRIATE RESI/ANCE TO A REGIME ?AT WAGES W> AGA9/ COLONIZ$ PEOPLE ACROSS ! GLOBE IS TO BR+ ! W> HOME2 TO BUILD AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 COOP]ATIVE1 & ANTI-RACI/ CULTURE AMONG :ITE PEOPLE2 TO ATTACK 9/ITUTIONS ( IMP]IALISM2 & TO EXT5D SUPPORT TO OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 9 RESI/ANCE )\T UND]M9+ ! SOV]EIGNTY ( !IR /RUGGLE4 ,H[EV]1 NON-ABSOLUTI/ PACIFI/S :O ALL[ = A LITTLE CULTURAL RELATIVISM >E TYPICALLY LESS LIKELY TO SUPPORT >M$ REVOLUTION :5 ! FI<T+ GETS CLOSE TO HOME4 ,! ?9K+ IS ?AT ,PALE/9IANS1 = EXAMPLE1 MAY 5GAGE 9 MILITANT /RUGGLE BECAUSE !Y LIVE UND] A VIOL5T REGIME1 BUT = ! BRUTALIZ$ RESID5TS ( ! NE>E/ URBAN <ETTO TO =M GU]RILLA UNITS W\LD BE 09APPROPRIATE0 OR 0IRRESPONSIBLE40 ,?IS IS ! 0NOT 9 MY BACKY>D0 T5D5CY1 :I* IS FUEL$ BY ! RECOGNITION ?AT A REVOLUTION !RE W\LD BE EXCIT+1 BUT A REVOLUTION H]E W\LD DEPRIVE PRIVILEG$ ACTIVI/S ( \R COM=T4 ,ALSO PRES5T IS ! LAT5T FE> ( RACIAL UPRIS+1 :I* IS ASSUAG$ ONLY :5 IT IS SUBORD9AT$ TO A NONVIOL5T E?IC4 ,BLACK PEOPLE M>*+ IS PHOTOG5IC4 ,BLACK PEOPLE ) GUNS EVOKES ! VIOL5T CRIME REPORTS ON ! NI<TLY NEWS4 ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS HOLD+ A PRESS CONF]5CE IS LAUDABLE4 ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS READY1 WILL+1 & ABLE TO TAKE !IR L& BACK IS A TRIFLE DI/URB+4 ,?US1 :ITE PEOPLES' SUPPORT =1 & FAMILI>ITY )1 REVOLUTION>IES ( COLOR ON ! HOME FRONT IS LIMIT$ TO 9]T M>TYRS -- ! DEAD & ! IMPRISON$4 

,! CONTRADICTION 9 O/5SIBLY REVOLUTION>Y PACIFISM IS ?AT REVOLUTION IS NEV] SAFE1 BUT TO ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ITS PRACTITION]S & ADVOCATES1 PACIFISM IS AB\T /AY+ SAFE1 NOT GETT+ HURT1 NOT ALI5AT+ ANYONE1 NOT GIV+ ANYONE A BITT] PILL TO SWALL[4 ,9 MAK+ ! CONNECTION BETWE5 PACIFISM & ! SELF-PRES]VATION ( PRIVILEG$ ACTIVI/S1 ,W>D ,*UR*ILL QUOTES A PACIFI/ ORGANIZ] DUR+ ! ,VIETNAM ]A :O D5\NC$ ! REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS ( ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY & ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND BECAUSE ?OSE TACTICS W]E 0A REALLY DANG]\S ?+ = ALL ( US444!Y RUN ! V]Y REAL RISK ( BR++ ! SAME SORT ( VIOL5T REPRESSION .<AS SE5 9 ! POLICE ASSASS9ATION ( ,F]D ,HAMPTON.> D[N ON ALL ( US40.<#g#i.> ,OR1 TO QUOTE ,DAVID ,GILB]T1 :O IS S]V+ AN EFFECTIVE LIFE S5T5CE = HIS ACTIONS AS A MEMB] ( ! ,WEA!R ,UND]GR\ND :O W5T ON TO SUPPORT ! ,BLACK ,LIB]ATION ,>MY1 0,:ITES HAD SOME?+ TO PROTECT4 ,IT WAS COM=TABLE TO BE AT ! PEAK ( A MORALLY PRE/IGI\S MOVEM5T = *ANGE :ILE ,BLACK PEOPLE W]E TAK+ ! MA9 CASUALTIES = ! /RUGGLE40.<#h.> 

,! PACIFI/ DESIRE = SAFETY CONT9UES TODAY4 ,9 #b#c1 A NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/ REASSUR$ A ,SEATTLE NEWSPAP] AB\T ! *>ACT] ( PLANN$ PROTE/S4 0,I'M NOT SAY+ ?AT WE W\LD NOT SUPPORT CIVIL DISOB$I5CE10 ,WOLDT SAID4 0,?AT HAS BE5 P>T ( ! PEACE MOVEM5T ?AT *UR* PEOPLE HAVE 5GAG$ 91 BUT WE >E NOT 9TO PROP]TY DAMAGE OR ANY?+ ?AT CREATES NEGATIVE CONSEQU5CES = US40.<#h#a.> 

,& ON A LI/S]V = A RADICAL 5VIRONM5TAL CAMPAIGN 9 #b#d1 A LAW /UD5T & ACTIVI/1 AFT] 9VIT+ AN OP5 DISCUSSION ( TACTICS1 ADVOCAT$ AN 5D TO ! M5TION ( NON-PACIFI/ TACTICS & DEM&$ A /RICT ADH]5CE TO NONVIOL5CE ON ! GR\NDS ?AT NON-PACIFI/ GR\PS 0GET ANNIHILAT$40.<#h#b.> ,ANO!R ACTIVI/ 7&1 9CID5TALLY1 ONE ( ! O!R LAW /UD5TS ON ! LI/7 AGRE$1 ADD+1 0,I ?9K ?AT HAV+ A DISCUSSION AB\T VIOL5T TACTICS ON ?IS LI/ IS PLAY+ ) FIRE1 & IT IS PUTT+ EV]YONE AT RISK40 ,%E WAS ALSO CONC]N$ ?AT 0TWO ( US WILL BE FAC+ ! /> *AMB] ( ! E?ICS COMMITTEE ( ! ,B> ,ASSOCIATION SOMETIME 9 ! NE> FUTURE40.<#h#c.> 

,( C\RSE1 PROPON5TS ( MILITANCY MU/ UND]/& ?AT !RE IS A GREAT NE$ = CAUTION :5 WE DISCUSS TACTICS1 ESPECIALLY VIA E-MAIL1 & ?AT WE FACE ! HURDLE ( BUILD+ SUPPORT = ACTIONS ?AT >E MORE LIKELY TO GET US H>ASS$ OR IMPRISON$1 EV5 IF ALL WE DO IS DISCUSS !M4 ,H[EV]1 9 ?IS EXAMPLE1 ! TWO LAW /UD5TS W]E NOT SAY+ ?AT ! GR\P %\LD DISCUSS ONLY LEGAL TACTICS OR HYPO!TICAL TACTICS1 !Y W]E SAY+ ?AT ! GR\P %\LD DISCUSS ONLY NONVIOL5T TACTICS4 ,S9CE IT HAD BE5 BILL$ AS A DISCUSSION TO HELP ! GR\P CREATE IDEOLOGICAL COMMON GR\ND1 ?IS WAS A MANIPULATIVE WAY ( US+ ?REATS ( GOV]NM5T REPRESSION TO PREV5T ! GR\P FROM EV5 CONSID]+ ANY?+ O!R ?AN AN EXPLICITLY NONVIOL5T PHILOSOPHY4 

,BECAUSE ( ! WEI<TY SELF-9T]E/ ( :ITE PEOPLE 9 PREV5T+ REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+S 9 !IR [N BACKY>D1 !RE HAS BE5 A LONG HI/ORY ( BETRAYAL BY :ITE PACIFI/S :O HAVE CONDEMN$ & AB&ON$ REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS TO /ATE VIOL5CE4 ,RA!R ?AN 0PUTT+ !MSELVES 9 H>M'S WAY0 TO PROTECT MEMB]S ( ! BLACK1 BR[N1 & R$ LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS 7A PROTECTION !IR PRIVILEGE MI<T HAVE ADEQUATELY CONF]R$ BECAUSE ( H[ CO/LY IT W\LD HAVE BE5 = ! GOV]NM5T TO MURD] AFFLU5T :ITE PEOPLE 9 ! MID/ ( ALL ! DISS5SION SPURR$ BY HEAVY LOSSES 9 ,VIETNAM71 CONSCI5TI\S PACIFI/S IGNOR$ ! BRUTALIZATION1 IMPRISONM5T1 & ASSASS9ATION ( ,BLACK ,PAN!RS1 ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T ACTIVI/S1 & O!RS4 ,WORSE /ILL1 !Y 5C\RAG$ ! /ATE REPRESSION & CLAIM$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION>IES DES]V$ IT BY 5GAG+ 9 MILITANT RESI/ANCE4 7,N[ADAYS1 !Y >E CLAIM+ ?AT ! LIB]ATIONI/S' ULTIMATE DEFEAT1 :I* PACIFI/S FACILITAT$1 IS PRO( ( ! 9EFFECTIV5ESS ( LIB]ATIONI/S' TACTICS47 ,REV]$ PACIFI/ ,DAVID ,DELL+] ADMITS ?AT 0ONE ( ! FACTORS ?AT 9DUCES S]I\S REVOLUTION>IES & DISC\RAG$ <ETTO-DWELL]S TO CONCLUDE ?AT NONVIOL5CE IS 9CAPABLE ( BE+ DEVELOP$ 9TO A ME?OD ADEQUATE TO !IR NE$S IS ?IS V]Y T5D5CY ( PACIFI/S TO L9E UP1 9 MOM5TS ( CONFLICT1 ) ! /ATUS QUO40.<#h#d.> ,DAVID ,GILB]T CONCLUDES ?AT 0FAILURE TO DEVELOP SOLID>ITY ) ! ,BLACK & O!R LIB]ATION /RUGGLES )9 ! ,U,S 7,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN1 ,*ICANO_/,MEXICAN1 ,PU]TO ,RICAN7 IS ONE ( ! SEV]AL FACTORS ?AT CAUS$ \R MOVEM5T TO FALL AP>T 9 ! MID-#gS40.<#h#e.> ,MUMIA ,ABU-,JAMAL QUE/IONS1 W]E :ITE RADICALS 0REALLY READY TO EMB>K ON A REVOLUTION1 ONE ?AT DID NOT PRIZE :IT5ESS80.<#h#f.> 

,AT FIR/1 NONVIOL5CE SEEMS LIKE A CLE> MORAL POSITION ?AT HAS LITTLE TO DO ) RACE4 ,?IS VIEW IS BAS$ ON ! SIMPLI/IC ASSUMPTION ?AT VIOL5CE IS FIR/ & =EMO/ SOME?+ ?AT WE *OOSE4 ,BUT :I* PEOPLE 9 ?IS WORLD HAVE ! PRIVILEGE TO *OOSE VIOL5CE1 & :I* PEOPLE LIVE 9 VIOL5T CIRCUM/ANCES :E!R !Y WANT TO OR NOT8 ,G5]ALLY1 NONVIOL5CE IS A PRIVILEG$ PRACTICE1 ONE ?AT COMES \T ( ! EXP]I5CES ( :ITE PEOPLE1 & IT DOES NOT ALWAYS MAKE S5SE = PEOPLE )\T :ITE PRIVILEGE OR = :ITE PEOPLE ATTEMPT+ TO DE/ROY ! SY/EM ( PRIVILEGE & OPPRESSION4 

,MANY PEOPLE ( COLOR HAVE ALSO US$ NONVIOL5CE1 :I* 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES HAS BE5 AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO /AY SAFE 9 ! FACE ( VIOL5T DISCRIM9ATION1 :ILE SEEK+ LIMIT$ RE=MS ?AT DO NOT ULTIMATELY *ANGE ! DI/RIBUTION ( P[] 9 SOCIETY4 ,! USE ( NONVIOL5CE BY PEOPLE ( COLOR HAS G5]ALLY BE5 A COMPROMISE TO A :ITE P[] /RUCTURE4 ,RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! :ITE P[] /RUCTURE PREF]S ! OPPRESS$ TO BE NONVIOL5T1 SOME PEOPLE HAVE *OS5 TO USE NONVIOL5T TACTICS TO =E/ALL EXTREME REPRESSION1 MASSACRES1 OR EV5 G5OCIDE4 ,MOVEM5TS ( PEOPLE ( COLOR PEACEFULLY PURSU+ REVOLUTION>Y GOALS HAVE T5D$ TO USE A =M ( NONVIOL5CE ?AT IS LESS ABSOLUTE1 & MORE CONFRONTATIONAL & DANG]\S1 ?AN ! K9D ( NONVIOL5CE PRES]V$ 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA TODAY4 ,& EV5 !N1 ! PRACTICE ( NONVIOL5CE IS (T5 SUBSIDIZ$ BY :ITES 9 P[]1.<#h#g.> US$ BY :ITE DISSID5TS OR GOV]NM5T (FICIALS TO MANIPULATE ! MOVEM5T = !IR COM=T1 & USUALLY AB&ON$ BY L>GE PORTIONS ( ! GRASSROOTS 9 FAVOR ( MORE MILITANT TACTICS4 ,! USE ( NONVIOL5CE TO PRES]VE :ITE PRIVILEGE1 )9 ! MOVEM5T OR SOCIETY AT L>GE1 IS /ILL COMMON TODAY4 

,ON 9SPECTION1 NONVIOL5CE PROVES TO BE TANGL$ UP ) DYNAMICS ( RACE & P[]4 ,RACE IS ESS5TIAL TO \R EXP]I5CE ( OPPRESSION & ( RESI/ANCE4 ,A LONG /&+ COMPON5T ( RACISM HAS BE5 ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ,EUROPEANS1 OR ,EUROPEAN SETTL]S ON O!R CONT95TS1 HAVE KN[N :AT IS BE/ = PEOPLE !Y CONSID]$ 0LESS CIVILIZ$40 ,PEOPLE FI<T+ AGA9/ RACISM MU/ UNMI/AKABLY 5D ?IS TRADITION & RECOGNIZE ?AT ! IMP]ATIVE = EA* COMMUNITY TO BE ABLE TO DET]M9E ITS [N =M ( RESI/ANCE BAS$ ON ITS [N EXP]I5CES LEAVES ANY PRIORITY GIV5 TO PACIFISM 9 ! DU/4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! FACT ?AT MU* ( ! VIOL5CE FAC$ BY PEOPLE ( COLOR >\ND ! WORLD ORIG9ATES 9 ! P[] /RUCTURE ?AT PRIVILEGES :ITE PEOPLE %\LD L5D :ITE PEOPLE GREAT] URG5CY 9 PU%+ ! B\ND>IES = ! LEVEL ( MILITANCY ?AT IS CONSID]$ ACCEPTABLE 9 :ITE COMMUNITIES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 = ?OSE ( US :O >E :ITE1 IT BECOMES \R DUTY TO BUILD \R [N MILITANT CULTURE ( RESI/ANCE1 &1 CONTR>Y TO ! ROLE ( TEA*] HI/ORICALLY SELF-APPO9T$ TO :ITE PEOPLE1 WE HAVE A GREAT DEAL TO LE>N FROM ! /RUGGLES ( PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,:ITE RADICALS MU/ $UCATE O!R :ITE PEOPLE AB\T :Y PEOPLE ( COLOR >E JU/IFI$ 9 REBELL+ VIOL5TLY & :Y WE TOO %\LD USE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS TO FREE \RSELVES1 /RUGGLE 9 SOLID>ITY ) ALL :O HAVE REJECT$ !IR PLACE AS ! LACKEYS OR SLAVES ( ! ELITE1 & 5D !SE GLOBAL SY/EMS ( OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/