 | History of the Paris Commune of 1871 — Glossary of French Terms |
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| History of the Paris Commune of 1871 — Glossary of French Terms |
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Hippolyte-Prosper-Olivier "Lissa" Lissagaray (November 24, 1838 in Toulouse – January 25, 1901 in Paris) was a literary animator and speaker, a Republican journalist and a French revolutionary socialist. Lissagaray was born at Toulouse to pharmacist Laurent Prosper Lissagaray and Marie-Louise Olympe Boussès de Foucaud. On his father's side, his great-grandfather was a landowner and farmer of 200 hectares, and his grandfather a doctor. The journalist Paul de Cassagnac was a cousin of Lissagaray, with whom he had a fractious relationship; his father's mother, Ursule (1775-1850), was the sister of Laurent Prosper Lissagaray. Disagreement over financial matters related to Ursule's dowry led to the poor relationship between the Lissagarays and Cassagnacs after Laurent Prosper Lissagaray's death. (From: Wikipedia.org.)
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Glossary of French Terms
Arrondissements — The 20 administrative districts, each with a mayor, into which Paris was divided.
Brassardiers — Arm-band wearers.
Cantiniere — Canteen woman attached to each battalion.
Catafalques — Decorated coffins used in funeral processions.
Chassepots — An early type of rifle.
Code Napoleon — The French legal code upholding bourgeois property and rights drawn up under Napoleon I but still the basis of the French legal system.
Corps Legislatif — Legislative Assembly.
Enceinte — The wall around the old city of Paris.
Faubourgs — Suburbs.
Feuilles-de-route — Travel document issued to a soldier giving the route to be followed and destination, and used for passing from one army unit to another.
Franc-tireurs — Irregular soldiers.
Gallicans — The Church faction which wanted the independence of the Church in France and questioned the appointment of bishops. (Cf. Ultramontanes below.)
Girondists — The right wing of the Revolution in 1793, opposed by the Jacobins.
Hôtel-de-Ville — The central town hall of Paris.
Lettres de cachet — The famous order by which the monarchs of the old regime could have people imprisoned indefinitely in the Bastille or other prisons.
Levée en masse — The general mobilization of the populace for battle.
Mairie — Town hall of each arrondissement.
Montagnards — A name for the Jacobins — the left wing of the bourgeois revolution — deriving from the high benches they occupied in the revolutionary assembly of 1791-2.
Octrois — Local taxes levied at the city limits.
Pekin — Term for civilian used by the military.
Procureur de la République — Public Prosecutor.
Pupilles de la Commune — Orphans — largely of men who had died in the fighting — who were taken care of by the Commune.
Rappel — The call to arms.
Rurales — Provincials.
Sbirri — Police thugs.
Sergents-de-ville — Municipal police.
Tabellionat — Scriveners (a category of members of the legal profession).
Tirailleurs — Riflemen.
Turcos — Algerian units of the French army, so called by the Russians in the Crimean War who took them for Turks.
Ultra-montanes — Church faction which looked to Rome.
Vareuse — Cross-fastening jacket.
From : Marxists.org
Hippolyte-Prosper-Olivier "Lissa" Lissagaray (November 24, 1838 in Toulouse – January 25, 1901 in Paris) was a literary animator and speaker, a Republican journalist and a French revolutionary socialist. Lissagaray was born at Toulouse to pharmacist Laurent Prosper Lissagaray and Marie-Louise Olympe Boussès de Foucaud. On his father's side, his great-grandfather was a landowner and farmer of 200 hectares, and his grandfather a doctor. The journalist Paul de Cassagnac was a cousin of Lissagaray, with whom he had a fractious relationship; his father's mother, Ursule (1775-1850), was the sister of Laurent Prosper Lissagaray. Disagreement over financial matters related to Ursule's dowry led to the poor relationship between the Lissagarays and Cassagnacs after Laurent Prosper Lissagaray's death. (From: Wikipedia.org.)
Socialist, Activist, Rebel, Daughter of Karl Marx
Jenny Julia Eleanor Marx (16 January 1855 – 31 March 1898), sometimes called Eleanor Aveling and known to her family as Tussy, was the English-born youngest daughter of Karl Marx. She was herself a socialist activist who sometimes worked as a literary translator. In March 1898, after discovering that Edward Aveling, her partner and a prominent British Marxist, had secretly married a young actress in June of the previous year, she poisoned herself at the age of 43. (From: Wikipedia.org.)
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