,*APT] #ab 
,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & ,AN>*ISM 

#aibcaibc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,>%9OV 

,TEXT 3 

,AN>*ISM EMBRACES TWO WORLDS3 ! WORLD ( PHILOSOPHY1 ( IDEAS1 & ! WORLD ( PRACTICE1 ( ACTIVITY4 ,! TWO >E 9TIMATELY L9K$4 ,! /RUGGL+ WORK+ CLASS /&S MA9LY ON ! CONCRETE1 PRACTICAL SIDE ( AN>*ISM4 ,! ESS5TIAL & FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( ?IS SIDE IS ! PR9CIPLE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE ( WORK]S & !IR SELF-LIB]ATION4 ,FROM ?IS NATURALLY FL[S ! FUR!R PR9CIPLE ( /ATELESSNESS & SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! WORK]S 9 ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,BUT UNTIL ! PRES5T1 ! HI/ORY ( ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE DOES NOT CONTA9 A MASSIVE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ITS PURE1 /RICTLY PR9CIPL$ =M4 ,ALL ( ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' MOVEM5TS :I* HAVE TAK5 PLACE UNTIL TODAY HAVE BE5 MOVEM5TS )9 ! LIMITS ( ! CAPITALI/ REGIME1 & HAVE BE5 MORE OR LESS T+$ ) AN>*ISM4 ,?IS IS P]FECTLY NATURAL & UND]/&ABLE4 ,! WORK+ CLASSES DO NOT ACT )9 A WORLD ( WI%ES1 BUT 9 ! REAL WORLD :]E !Y >E DAILY SUBJECT$ TO ! PHYSICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL BL[S ( HO/ILE =CES4 ,\TSIDE ( ! WORLD ( AN>*I/ IDEAS1 :I* HAVE NOT BE5 GREATLY DISSEM9AT$1 ! WORK]S CONT9UALLY FEEL ! 9FLU5CE ( ALL ! REAL CONDITIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ REGIME & ( 9T]M$IATE GR\PS4 

,! CONDITIONS ( CONTEMPOR>Y LIFE 5CIRCLE ! WORK]S ON ALL SIDES1 SURR\ND !M1 LIKE WAT] SURR\NDS FI% 9 ! SEA4 ,! WORK]S >E NOT ABLE TO ESCAPE FROM !SE CONDITIONS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY IT IS NATURAL ?AT ! /RUGGLE :I* !Y UND]TAKE 9EVITABLY C>RIES ! /AMP ( V>I\S CONDITIONS & *>ACT]I/ICS ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY4 ,! /RUGGLE CAN NEV] BE BORN 9 ! F9I%$ & P]FECT$ AN>*I/ =M :I* W\LD CORRESPOND TO ALL ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! IDEAL4 ,SU* A P]FECT =M IS POSSIBLE ONLY 9 N>R[ POLITICAL CIRCLES1 & EV5 !RE NOT 9 PRACTICE1 BUT 9 PLANS1 9 PROGRAMS4 ,:5 ! POPUL> MASSES 5GAGE 9 A /RUGGLE ( L>GE DIM5SIONS1 !Y 9EVITABLY />T BY COMMITT+ ]RORS1 !Y ALL[ CONTRADICTIONS & DEVIATIONS1 & ONLY ?R\< ! PROCESS ( ?IS /RUGGLE DO !Y DIRECT !IR EF=TS 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! IDEAL = :I* !Y >E /RUGGL+4 

,IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 SO4 ,& IT WILL ALWAYS BE SO4 ,NO MATT] H[ C>EFULLY WE HAVE PREP>$ ! ORGANIZATIONS & =ESE5 ! POSITION ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ADVANCE1 DUR+ TIMES ( PEACE1 FROM ! FIR/ DAY ( ! DECISIVE /RUGGLE ( ! MASSES1 !IR REAL ACTIVITY IS V]Y DIFF]5T FROM :AT WAS EXPECT$ 9 ! PLAN4 ,9 SOME CASES ! V]Y FACT ( WIDESPREAD MASS ACTIVITY MAY UPSET C]TA9 EXPECTATIONS4 ,9 O!R CASES1 ! DEVIATIONS & BL[S ( ! MASSES WILL REQUIRE ! DEF9ITION ( NEW POSITIONS4 ,& ONLY GRADUALLY WILL ! IMM5SE MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES 5GAGE ITSELF ON ! WELL-DEF9$ & PR9CIPL$ PA? :I* LEADS T[>D ! GOAL4 

,?IS1 OBVI\SLY1 DOES NOT MEAN ?AT PRELIM9>Y ORGANIZATION ( ! =CES & POSITIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS NOT NECESS>Y4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 PREP>ATORY WORK ( ?IS NATURE IS A NECESS>Y CONDITION = ! VICTORY ( ! WORK]S4 ,BUT 9 ?IS CONTEXT WE MU/ CON/ANTLY REMEMB] ?AT ?IS IS NOT ! 5D ( ! TASK1 & ?AT EV5 IF IT IS DONE1 ! MOVEM5T WILL /ILL NE$ 9SI<T AT EV]Y MOM5T1 IT WILL HAVE TO KN[ H[ TO ORI5T ITSELF QUICKLY 9 NEWLY CREAT$ SITUATIONS -- 9 A WORD1 IT WILL /ILL NE$ A REVOLUTION>Y CLASS /RATEGY ON :I* ! \TCOME WILL L>GELY DEP5D4 

,! AN>*I/ IDEAL IS L>GE & RI* 9 ITS DIV]SITY4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! ROLE ( AN>*I/S 9 ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE ( ! MASSES IS EXTREMELY MODE/4 ,!IR TASK IS TO HELP ! MASSES TAKE ! RI<T ROAD 9 ! /RUGGLE & 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,IF ! MASS MOVEM5T HAS NOT 5T]$ ! /AGE ( DECISIVE COLLISION1 !IR DUTY IS TO HELP ! MASSES CL>IFY ! SIGNIFICANCE1 ! TASKS & ! GOALS1 ( ! /RUGGLE AHEAD2 !IR DUTY IS TO HELP ! MASSES MAKE ! NECESS>Y MILIT>Y PREP>ATIONS & ORGANIZE !IR =CES4 ,IF ! MOVEM5T HAS ALREADY 5T]$ ! /AGE ( DECISIVE COLLISION1 AN>*I/S %\LD JO9 ! MOVEM5T )\T LOS+ AN 9/ANT2 !Y %\LD HELP ! MASSES FREE !MSELVES FROM ]RONE\S DEVIATIONS1 SUPPORT !IR FIR/ CREATIVE EF=TS1 ASSI/ !M 9TELLECTUALLY1 ALWAYS /RIV+ TO HELP ! MOVEM5T REMA9 ON ! PA? :I* LEADS T[>D ! ESS5TIAL GOALS ( ! WORK]S4 ,?IS IS ! BASIC &1 9 FACT1 ! ONLY TASK ( AN>*I/S 9 ! FIR/ PHASE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 ONCE IT HAS MA/]$ ! /RUGGLE & BEG9S ITS SOCIAL CON/RUCTION1 WILL NO LONG] SURR5D] TO ANYONE ! 9ITIATIVE 9 CREATIVE WORK4 ,! WORK+ CLASS WILL !N DIRECT ITSELF BY ITS [N ?\<T2 IT WILL CREATE ITS SOCIETY ACCORD+ TO ITS [N PLANS4 ,:E!R OR NOT ?IS WILL BE AN AN>*I/ PLAN1 ! PLAN AS WELL AS ! SOCIETY BAS$ ON IT WILL EM]GE FROM ! DEP?S ( EMANCIPAT$ LABOR1 %AP$ & FRAM$ BY ITS ?\<T & ITS WILL4 

,:5 WE EXAM9E ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 WE >E IMM$IATELY AW>E ( TWO BASIC ASPECTS ( ?IS MOVEM5T3  

ITS TRULY PROLET>IAN ORIG9S AS A POPUL> MOVEM5T ( ! L[E/ /RATA ( SOCIETY3 ! MOVEM5T SPRANG UP FROM BEL[1 & FROM BEG9N+ TO 5D IT WAS ! POPUL> MASSES !MSELVES :O SUPPORT$1 DEVELOP$1 & DIRECT$ IT2  

IT DELIB]ATELY LEAN$ ON C]TA9 9CONTE/ABLY AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+3  

! RI<T ( WORK]S TO FULL 9ITIATIVE1  

! RI<T ( WORK]S TO ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SELF-MANAGEM5T1  

! PR9CIPLE ( /ATELESSNESS 9 SOCIAL CON/RUCTION4  
  
  

,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ITS 5TIRE DEVELOPM5T ! MOVEM5T /UBBORNLY & CONSI/5TLY MA9TA9$ !SE PR9CIPLES4 ,= !IR SAKE ! MOVEM5T LO/ FROM #b TO #c ?\S& ( ! BE/ SONS ( ! PEOPLE1 TURN$ D[N ALLIANCES ) ANY & ALL /ATI/ P[]S1 & = ?REE YE>S1 9 UNIMAG9ABLY DIFFICULT CONDITIONS & ) A H]OISM R>E 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1 IT HELD HI< ! BLACK FLAG ( OPPRESS$ HUMANITY1 ! BANN] :I* PROCLAIMS ! REAL FRE$OM ( ! WORK]S1 TRUE EQUALITY 9 ! NEW SOCIETY4 

,9 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WE HAVE AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+ MASSES -- NOT COMPLETELY REALIZ$1 NOT 5TIRELY CRY/ALLIZ$1 BUT /RIV+ T[>D ! AN>*I/ IDEAL & MOV+ ALONG ! AN>*I/ PA?4 

,BUT PRECISELY BECAUSE ?IS MOVEM5T GREW \T ( ! DEP?S ( ! MASSES1 IT DID NOT HAVE ! NECESS>Y !ORETICAL =CES1 ! P[]S ( G5]ALIZATION 9DISP5SABLE TO ANY WIDESPREAD SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 ,?IS %ORTCOM+ MANIFE/$ ITSELF 9 ! FACT ?AT ! MOVEM5T1 9 ! FACE ( ! G5]AL SITUATION1 DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 DEVELOP+ ITS IDEAS & ITS SLOGANS1 OR 9 ELABORAT+ ITS CONCRETE & PRACTICAL =MS4 ,?IS IS :Y ! MOVEM5T DEVELOP$ SL[LY & PA9FULLY1 ESPECIALLY 9 VIEW ( ! NUM]\S 5EMY =CES :I* ATTACK$ IT FROM ALL SIDES4 

,ONE W\LD HAVE ?\<T ?AT ! AN>*I/S -- :O HAD ALWAYS TALK$ SO MU* AB\T A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES1 :O HAD WAIT$ = SU* A MOVEM5T = MANY YE>S ! WAY SOME PEOPLE WAIT = ! >RIVAL ( ! ,MESSIAH -- W\LD HAVE HA/5$ TO JO9 ?IS MOVEM5T1 TO M]GE ) IT1 TO GIVE !IR :OLE BE+ TO IT4 ,BUT 9 PRACTICE ?IS DID NOT TAKE PLACE4 

,! MAJORITY ( ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S :O HAD PASS$ ?R\< ! !ORETICAL S*OOL ( AN>*ISM REMA9$ 9 !IR ISOLAT$ CIRCLES1 :I* W]E ( NO USE TO ANYONE4 ,!Y /OOD ASIDE1 ASK+ :AT K9D ( A MOVEM5T ?IS WAS1 :Y !Y %\LD RELATE TO IT1 & )\T MOV+ !Y CONSOL$ !MSELVES ) ! ?\<T ?AT ! MOVEM5T DID NOT SEEM TO BE PURELY AN>*I/4 

,& YET1 !IR CONTRIBUTION TO ! MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! P]IOD BE=E ,BOL%EVISM BLOCK$ ITS NORMAL DEVELOPM5T1 W\LD HAVE BE5 9VALUABLE4 ,! MASSES URG5TLY NE$$ MILITANTS :O C\LD HAVE =MULAT$ & DEVELOP$ !IR IDEAS1 HELP$ !M REALIZE !SE IDEAS 9 ! GR& >5A ( LIFE1 & ELABORAT$ ! =MS & ! DIRECTION ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,! AN>*I/S DID NOT WANT1 OR DID NOT KN[ H[1 TO BE SU* MILITANTS4 ,AS A RESULT1 !Y 9FLICT$ A GREAT 9JURY ON ! MOVEM5T & ON !MSELVES4 ,!Y 9JUR$ ! MOVEM5T BY FAIL+ TO DEVOTE !IR ORGANIZATIONAL & CULTURAL =CES TO IT 9 TIME1 =C+ ! MOVEM5T TO DEVELOP SL[LY & PA9FULLY ) ! MEAG] !ORETICAL =CES :I* ! POORE/ ( PEASANTS !MSELVES POSSESS$4 ,!Y 9JUR$ !MSELVES BY REMA9+ \TSIDE ( LIV+ HI/ORY1 !REBY CONDEMN+ !MSELVES TO 9ACTIVITY & /]ILITY4 

,WE >E OBLIG$ TO /ATE ?AT ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S REMA9$ 9 !IR CIRCLES & SLEPT ?R\< A MASS MOVEM5T ( P>AM\NT IMPORTANCE1 A MOVEM5T :I* IS UNIQUE 9 ! PRES5T REVOLUTION = HAV+ UND]TAK5 TO REALIZE ! HI/ORIC TASKS ( OPPRESS$ HUMANITY4 

,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 WE DISCOV] ?AT ?IS DEPLORABLE SITUATION IS NOT ACCID5TAL1 BUT ?AT IT HAS V]Y SPECIFIC CAUSES1 :I* WE WILL N[ CONSID]4 

,! MAJORITY ( \R AN>*I/ !ORI/S HAVE !IR ORIG9S 9 ! 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,?IS CIRCUM/ANCE IS V]Y SIGNIFICANT4 ,:ILE /&+ UND] ! BANN] ( AN>*ISM1 MANY ( !M >E NOT ABLE TO BREAK ALTOGE!R ) ! PSY*OLOGICAL CONTEXT FROM :I* !Y EM]G$4 ,!Y CONC5TRATE ON AN>*I/ !ORY MORE ?AN O!R COMRADES2 & !Y GRADUALLY COME TO CONSID] !MSELVES LEAD]S ( ! AN>*I/ WORLD2 !Y COME TO BELIEVE ?AT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BEG9S ) !M1 & ?AT IT DEP5DS ON !IR DIRECT P>TICIPATION4 ,BUT ! MOVEM5T BEGAN F> AWAY FROM !M1 9 A DI/ANT PROV9CE &1 FUR!RMORE1 AMONG ! L[E/ SECTORS ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY4 ,V]Y FEW AMONG ! ISOLAT$ AN>*I/ !ORI/S F\ND 9 !MSELVES ! NECESS>Y S5SITIVITY & C\RAGE TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ?IS MOVEM5T WAS 9 FACT ! ONE :I* AN>*ISM HAD BE5 ANTICIPAT+ = MANY YE>S1 & !Y RU%$ TO HELP IT4 ,IT W\LD BE EV5 MORE ACCURATE TO SAY ?AT ( ALL ! 9TELLIG5T & $UCAT$ AN>*I/ !ORI/S1 ONLY ,VOL9E FIRMLY JO9$ ! MOVEM5T1 PUTT+ AT ITS S]VICE ALL HIS ABILITIES1 P[]S & KN[L$GE4 ,ALL ! O!R AN>*I/ !ORI/S /AY$ AWAY FROM ! MOVEM5T4 ,?IS IS NOT A REFLECTION ON ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A OR ON AN>*ISM1 BUT ONLY ON ! AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALS & ORGANIZATIONS :O W]E SO N>R[1 PASSIVE & HELPLESS DUR+ ! HI/ORICAL SOCIAL MOVEM5T ( WORK]S & PEASANTS1 & :O EI!R DID NOT D>E OR DID NOT WANT TO TAKE P>T 9 !IR [N PROJECT :5 IT APPE>$ 9 FLE% & BLOOD & CALL$ TO ITS CAMP ALL ?OSE TO :OM ! FRE$OM ( LABOR & ! IDEAS ( AN>*ISM W]E DE>4 

,AN EV5 MORE IMPORTANT ASPECT ( ! HELPLESSNESS & 9ACTIVITY ( ! AN>*I/S IS ! CONFUSION 9 AN>*I/ !ORY & ! ORGANIZATIONAL *AOS 9 AN>*I/ RANKS4 

,AL?\< ! IDEAL ( AN>*ISM IS P[]FUL1 POSITIVE & SELF-EVID5T1 IT CONTA9S A NUMB] ( GAPS1 OBSCURITIES1 & DIGRESSIONS 9TO FIELDS ?AT HAVE NO RELATION TO ! WORK]S' SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 ,?IS CREATES A F\NDATION = ALL TYPES ( DI/ORT$ 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! GOALS ( AN>*ISM & ITS PRACTICAL PROGRAM4 

,?US MANY AN>*I/S DEVOTE !IR 5]GIES TO ! QUE/ION ( :E!R ! PROBLEM ( AN>*ISM IS ! LIB]ATION ( CLASSES1 ( HUMANITY1 OR ( ! P]SONALITY4 ,! QUE/ION IS EMPTY1 BUT IT IS BAS$ ON SOME UNCLE> AN>*I/ POSITIONS & PROVIDES A BROAD FIELD = ABUSES ( AN>*I/ ?\<T & AN>*I/ PRACTICE4 

,AN EV5 GREAT] FIELD = ABUSE IS CREAT$ BY ! UNCLE> AN>*I/ !ORY ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM4 ,OBVI\SLY ACTIVE PEOPLE ) DET]M9$ WILLS & WELL DEVELOP$ REVOLUTION>Y 9/9CTS UND]/& ! AN>*I/ IDEA ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM AS AN IDEA ( AN>*I/ RELATIONS T[>DS ALL O!R 9DIVIDUALS1 AS AN IDEA ( ! CONT9UAL /RUGGLE = ! AN>*I/ FRE$OM ( ! MASSES4 ,BUT ?OSE :O DO NOT KN[ ! PASSION ( ! REVOLUTION1 :O >E MO/ CONC]N$ ) ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( !IR 0,I01 UND]/& ?IS IDEA 9 !IR [N FA%ION4 ,:5EV] ! QUE/ION ( PRACTICAL AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION OR ! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION ) A S]I\S 9T5T IS POS$1 !Y HANG ON TO ! AN>*I/ !ORY ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY &1 US+ ?IS AS A BASIS1 OPPOSE ALL ORGANIZATION & ESCAPE FROM ALL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,EA* ONE ( !M RUNS TO HIS [N G>D51 DOES HIS [N ?+ & PREA*ES HIS [N AN>*ISM4 ,! IDEAS & ACTIONS ( AN>*I/S >E ?US PULV]IZ$ TO ! PO9T ( D]ANGEM5T4 

,AS A RESULT ( ALL ?IS1 WE F9D A L>GE NUMB] ( PRACTICAL SY/EMS ADVOCAT$ BY ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S4 ,FROM #aid TO #aig WE SAW ! PRACTICAL PROGRAMS ( ! ,BEZNA*AL'TSI 7,)\T ,AU?ORITY7 & ! ,*]NOZNAM5TSI 7,BLACK ,FLAG71 :I* PREA*$ P>TIAL EXPROPRIATION & UNMOTIVAT$ T]ROR AS ME?ODS ( AN>*I/ /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS EASY TO SEE ?AT !SE PROGRAMS W]E NO?+ MORE ?AN ! >BITR>Y 9CL9ATIONS ( PEOPLE :O W]E ACCID5TALLY AN>*I/S1 & SU* PROGRAMS C\LD BE SUGGE/$ 9 ! CONTEXT ( AN>*ISM ONLY BECAUSE ( AN UND]DEVELOP$ S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY T[>D ! PEOPLE & !IR REVOLUTION4 ,MO/ REC5TLY WE SAW A L>GE NUMB] ( !ORIES1 SOME ( :I* EXPRESS SYMPA?Y = /ATE AU?ORITY OR ! WIELD+ ( P[] OV] ! MASSES1 :ILE O!RS REJECT ALL PR9CIPLES ( ORGANIZATION & PREA* ! ABSOLUTE FRE$OM ( ! P]SONALITY2 YET O!RS >E EXCLUSIVELY CONC]N$ ) ! 0UNIV]SAL0 TASKS ( AN>*ISM & 9 PRACTICE ESCAPE FROM ! URG5T NE$S ( ! MOM5T4 

,= DOZ5S ( YE>S ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S HAVE SUFF]$ FROM ! DISEASE ( DISORGANIZATION4 ,?IS DISEASE DE/ROY$ !IR ABILITY TO ?9K CONCRETELY & CONDEMN$ !M TO HI/ORICAL 9ACTIVITY AT ! MOM5T ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,DISORGANIZATION IS ! TW9 SI/] ( IRRESPONSIBILITY1 & TOGE!R !Y LEAD TO IMPOV]I%$ IDEAS & FUTILE PRACTICE4 

,?US :5 ! MASS MOVEM5T1 9 ! =M ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 ROSE FROM ! DEP?S ( ! PEOPLE1 ! AN>*I/S %[$ !MSELVES COMPLETELY UNPREP>$1 SP9ELESS & WEAK4 

,9 \R OP9ION ?IS IS TEMPOR>Y4 ,IT CAN BE EXPLA9$ BY ! LACK ( CRY/ALLIZATION & ORGANIZATION AMONG ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S4 ,!Y WILL HAVE TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES1 TO E/ABLI% L9KS AMONG ALL ?OSE :O /RIVE = AN>*ISM & >E G5U9ELY DEVOT$ TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! DISRUPTIVE & >BITR>Y ELEM5TS 9 AN>*ISM WILL !N BE ELIM9AT$4 

,AN>*ISM IS NOT MY/ICISM2 IT IS NOT A DISC\RSE ON BEAUTY2 IT IS NOT A CRY ( DESPAIR4 ,ITS GREATNESS IS DUE1 ABOVE ALL1 TO ITS DEVOTION TO ! CAUSE ( OPPRESS$ HUMANITY4 ,IT C>RIES )9 ITSELF ! TRU?1 ! H]OISM & ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! MASSES1 & IT IS TODAY ! ONLY SOCIAL DOCTR9E :I* ! MASSES CAN C\NT ON 9 !IR /RUGGLE4 ,BUT TO JU/IFY ?IS CONFID5CE1 IT IS NOT 5\< = AN>*ISM TO BE A GREAT IDEA & = AN>*I/S TO BE ITS ,PLATONIC SPOKESM54 ,AN>*I/S HAVE TO P>TICIPATE CONT9UALLY & DIRECTLY 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES4 ,ONLY !N WILL ! MOVEM5T BREA! ! FULLNESS ( ! AN>*I/ IDEAL4 ,BUT NO?+ WILL COME \T ( NO?+4 ,EV]Y A*IEVEM5T REQUIRES CONT9UAL EF=T & SACRIFICE4 ,AN>*ISM NE$S TO F9D UNITY ( WILL & UNITY ( ACTION TO DEF9E ITS HI/ORIC ROLE ACCURATELY4 ,AN>*ISM MU/ GO TO ! MASSES & M]GE ) !M4 

,AL?\< ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A CAME 9TO BE+ & DEVELOP$ 9DEP5D5TLY1 )\T ! 9FLU5CE ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 ! FATE ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & ?AT ( AN>*ISM W]E 9TIMATELY L9K$ DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,! V]Y ESS5CE ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A GL[$ ) ! LI<T ( AN>*ISM & UN9T5TIONALLY DREW AN>*ISM TO ITSELF4 ,! MASS ( 9SURG5TS EMBRAC$ ONLY AN>*ISM FROM AMONG ALL SOCIAL DOCTR9ES4 ,A L>GE NUMB] ( 9SURG5TS CALL$ !MSELVES AN>*I/S & DID NOT R5\NCE ?IS NAME EV5 9 ! FACE ( DEA?4 ,& AT ! SAME TIME1 AN>*ISM GAVE ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A SEV]AL \T/&+ MILITANTS :O PASSIONATELY & DEVOT$LY GAVE ALL !IR =CES & KN[L$GE TO ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,H[EV] SMALL ! NUMB] ( !SE MILITANTS1 !Y SUCCE$$ 9 CONTRIBUT+ A GREAT DEAL TO ! MOVEM5T1 & !Y L9K$ AN>*ISM TO ! TRAGIC FATE ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 

,?IS C\PL+ ( ! DE/9IES ( AN>*ISM & ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A BEGAN 9 ! MIDDLE ( #a#i#a#i4 ,IT WAS CONSOLIDAT$ 9 ! ,UKRA9E 9 ! SUMM] ( #aib BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS' SIMULTANE\S ATTACK AGA9/ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S & ! AN>*I/S1 & IT WAS /RIK+LY UND]L9$ 9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#b1 AT ! TIME ( ! MILIT>Y & POLITICAL AGREEM5T BETWE5 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S & ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITY1 :5 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S DEM&$1 AS A FIR/ CONDITION ( ?IS AGREEM5T1 ?AT ALL ! ,MAKHNOVI/S & AN>*I/S BE RELEAS$ FROM PRISON 9 ! ,UKRA9E & 9 ,GREAT ,RUSSIA1 & ?AT !Y BE GIV5 ! RI<T TO FREELY PR(ESS & DISSEM9ATE !IR IDEAS & !ORIES4 

,WE WILL DESCRIBE ! P>TICIPATION ( AN>*I/S 9 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T 9 *RONOLOGICAL ORD]4 

,DUR+ ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! #aiag REVOLUTION1 A GR\P ( AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE2 ?IS GR\P C>RI$ \T SIGNIFICANT REVOLUTION>Y WORK 9 ! REGION4 ,\T ( ?IS GR\P EM]G$ SEV]AL REM>KABLE P>TICIPANTS & GUIDES ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A3 ,N4 ,MAKHNO1 ,S4 ,K>ETNIK1 ,M>*5KO1 ,KALA%NIKOV1 ,LYUTYI1 ,GRIGORY ,MAKHNO & O!RS4 ,?IS GR\P RETA9$ CLOSE L9KS ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T FROM ITS V]Y ORIG94 

,T[>D ! 5D ( #aiah & ! BEG9N+ ( #a#i#a#i1 O!R AN>*I/ GR\PS W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 ! REGION ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 & TRI$ TO RELATE TO IT4 ,H[EV]1 SOME ( !SE GR\PS1 = EXAMPLE 9 ,B]DYANSK & SOME O!R PLACES1 DID NOT LIVE UP TO !IR NAME & (F]$ NO?+ BUT OB/ACLES TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,=TUNATELY ! MOVEM5T WAS HEAL?Y 5\< TO DO )\T !M4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( #aiai !RE W]E 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE NOT ONLY LOCAL PEASANT AN>*I/S LIKE ,MAKHNO1 ,K>ETNIK1 ,M>*5KO1 ,VASILEVSKY & O!RS1 BUT ALSO AN>*I/S :O CAME FROM ORGANIZATIONS 9 O!R CITIES3 ,BURBYGA1 ,MIKHALEV-,PAVL5KO & O!RS4 ,!Y WORK$ EXCLUSIVELY AMONG ! 9SURRECTION>Y TROOPS AT ! FRONT OR AT ! RE>4 

,9 ! SPR+ ( #aiai SOME COMRADES >RIV$ 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE ) ! 9T5TION ( ORGANIZ+ CULTURAL & $UCATIONAL ACTIVITY 9 ! REGION3 !Y CREAT$ ! NEWSPAP] ,PUT' K ,SVOBODE -- ! PR9CIPAL ORGAN ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S -- & ORGANIZ$ ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 :I* WORK$ ) ! >MY AS WELL AS AMONG ! PEASANTS4 

,AT ?AT TIME1 AN AN>*I/ GR\P L9K$ TO ! 0,NABAT0 ,CONF$]ATION WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,?IS GR\P WORK$ CLOSELY ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! FIELD ( CULTURE1 & PUBLI%$ A LOCAL NEWSPAP]1 ,NABAT4 ,SOON ?IS ORGANIZATION M]G$ ) ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION4 

,9 ,MAY1 #cf AN>*I/ WORK]S CAME TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE FROM ,IVANOVO-,VOZNES5SK4 ,AMONG !M W]E ! FAIRLY WELL-KN[N AN>*I/S1 ,*]NYAKOV & ,MAKEEV4 ,SOME ( !SE PEOPLE SETTL$ 9 A COMMUNE AB\T F\R MILES FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 SOME 5GAG$ 9 CULTURAL WORK 9 ! REGION1 & ! RE/ JO9$ ! >MY4 

,IT WAS ALSO 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#a#i1 ?AT ! ,CONF$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,UKRA9E1 0,NABAT10 ! MO/ ACTIVE & EFFECTIVE ( ALL ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,RUSSIA1 BEGAN TO SEE ?AT ! PULSE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LIFE ( ! MASSES WAS BEAT+ 9 ! LIB]AT$ 9SURRECTION>Y REGION4 0,NABAT0 DECID$ TO DIRECT ITS =CES T[>D ?IS REGION4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,JUNE1 #a#i#a#i1 !Y S5T TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE SEV]AL MILITANTS1 9CLUD+ ,VOL9E1 ,MRA*NYI & LOSIF ,EMIGRANT4 ,!Y W]E GO+ TO TRANSF] ! C5TRAL ORGANS ( ! ,CONF$]ATION TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE IMM$IATELY AFT] ! CONGRESS ( WORK]S & PEASANTS CALL$ = ,JUNE #ae BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL4 ,BUT ! SIMULTANE\S ATTACKS ON ! REGION BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! ,D5IK9I/S KEPT ?IS PLAN FROM BE+ C>RI$ \T4 ,MRA*NYI WAS ! ONLY ONE :O REA*$ ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 BUT 9 VIEW ( ! G5]AL RETREAT HE WAS OBLIG$ TO RETURN AFT] ONE OR TWO DAYS4 ,VOL9E & O!RS W]E NOT ABLE TO LEAVE ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 & IT WAS ONLY 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#a#i1 ?AT !Y W]E ABLE TO JO9 ! RETREAT+ ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY NE> ,ODESSA4 

,?US ! AN>*I/S CAME TO ! MOVEM5T V]Y LATE1 AFT] ITS NORMAL DEVELOPM5T HAD ALREADY BE5 9T]RUPT$1 AFT] IT HAD BE5 ?R[N \T ( ! CONTEXT ( SOCIAL CON/RUCTION & =C$ BY ! PRESSURE ( CIRCUM/ANCES 9TO PRIM>ILY MILIT>Y ACTIVITY4 

,FROM ! 5D ( #aiah TO ,JUNE #aiai ! CONDITIONS = POSITIVE WORK 9 ! REGION HAD BE5 EXTREMELY FAVORABLE3 ! FRONT WAS AB\T #b MILES AWAY1 NE> ,TAGANROG1 & ! 5ORM\S POPULATION SCATT]$ ?R\<\T EI<T TO T5 DI/RICTS WAS LEFT TO ITSELF4 

,LAT] ! AN>*I/S C\LD ONLY WORK 9 CONDITIONS ( MILIT>Y ACTIVITY1 UND] CONT9UAL FIRE FROM ALL SIDES1 & W]E OBLIG$ TO MOVE DAILY FROM PLACE TO PLACE4 ,! AN>*I/S :O JO9$ ! >MY DID EV]Y?+ !Y C\LD DO 9 !SE CONDITIONS ( CON/ANT W>F>E4 ,SOME ( !M1 LIKE ,MAKEEV & ,KOGAN1 TOOK P>T 9 MILIT>Y ACTIVITY2 MO/ ( !M DID CULTURAL WORK AMONG ! 9SURG5TS & 9 ! VILLAGES :I* ! ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY TRAV]S$4 ,BUT ?IS WAS NOT CREATIVE & CON/RUCTIVE WORK AMONG ! MASSES 9 ! FULLE/ MEAN+ ( ?OSE WORDS4 ,CONDITIONS ( CON/ANT W>F>E LIMIT$ ?IS ACTIVITY L>GELY TO SUP]FICIAL PROPAG&A4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO DREAM ( CREATIVE1 POSITIVE WORK4 ,ONLY 9 A FEW R>E CASES1 = EXAMPLE AFT] ! OCCUPATION ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 ,B]DYANSK1 ,MELITOPOL' & O!R CITIES & DI/RICTS1 C\LD ! AN>*I/S & ,MAKHNOVI/S LAY ! F\NDATIONS = MORE EXT5SIVE & PR(\ND ACTIVITY4 ,BUT ANO!R WAVE ( W> APPE>$ FROM ONE SIDE OR ! O!R1 REMOV+ ALL TRACES ( !IR WORK1 & ONCE AGA9 !Y W]E R$UC$ TO SUP]FICIAL AGITATION & PROPAG&A AMONG ! 9SURG5TS & ! PEASANTS4 ,! TIME WAS HO/ILE TO L>GE-SCALE CREATIVE WORK AMONG ! MASSES4 

,ON ! BASIS ( ?IS P]IOD1 SOME 9DIVIDUALS :O DID NOT TAKE P>T 9 ! MOVEM5T OR :O P>TICIPAT$ V]Y BRIEFLY1 DREW ! ]RONE\S CONCLUSION ?AT ! ,MAKHNOV-%*9A WAS EXCESSIVELY MILIT>Y1 ?AT IT DEVOT$ TOO MU* ATT5TION TO MILIT>Y ASPECTS & NOT 5\< ATT5TION TO POSITIVE WORK AMONG ! MASSES4 ,BUT 9 ACTUAL FACT1 ! MILIT>Y P]IOD 9 ITS HI/ORY DID NOT 9 ANY WAY GR[ \T ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 BUT RA!R \T ( ! CONDITIONS :I* SURR\ND$ IT AFT] ! MIDDLE ( #a#i#a#i4 

,! ,BOL%EVIK /ATI/S W]E P]FECTLY AW>E ( ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T & ( ! POSITION ( AN>*ISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!Y KNEW P]FECTLY WELL ?AT1 AT PRES5T1 AN>*ISM 9 ,RUSSIA1 LACK+ ANY CONTACT ) A MASS MOVEM5T AS IMPORTANT AS ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 DID NOT HAVE A BASE & C\LD NEI!R ?REAT5 NOR 5DANG] !M4 ,& CONV]SELY1 BY !IR CALCULATIONS1 AN>*ISM WAS ! ONLY CONCEPTION ON :I* ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A C\LD DEP5D 9 ITS REL5TLESS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BOL%EVISM4 ,?IS IS :Y !Y SP>$ NO EF=T TO KEEP ! TWO AP>T4 ,&1 9 JU/ICE TO !M1 IT %\LD BE PO9T$ \T ?AT !Y /UBBORNLY C>RI$ ?IS \T3 !Y DECL>$ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A TO BE \TSIDE ( ALL HUMAN LAW4 ,& AS PRUD5T M5 ( AFFAIRS1 !Y ACT$1 9 ,RUSSIA & ESPECIALLY ABROAD1 AS IF ! \TLAW+ ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WAS SELF-EXPLANATORY TO EV]YONE1 AS IF ?IS C\LD NOT POSSIBLY GIVE RISE TO ANY D\BTS1 & ?AT ONLY ?OSE :O >E BL9D OR :O >E COMPLETELY UNFAMILI> ) ,RUSSIA W\LD FAIL TO RECOGNIZE !IR MEASURES AS JU/ & REASONABLE4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS DID NOT (FICIALLY \TLAW ! AN>*I/ IDEA1 BUT !Y GAVE ! NAME 0,MAKHNOVI/0 TO ANY REVOLUTION>Y GE/URE1 ANY S9C]E ACT 9 :I* AN>*I/S 5GAG$ -- & ) P]FECT 9NOC5CE1 AS IF ?IS WAS AS CLE> AS ! LI<T ( DAY TO EV]YONE1 !Y ?REW AN>*I/S 9 JAIL1 %OT !M1 BEHEAD$ !M4 ,9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & AN>*ISM1 BECAUSE !Y DID NOT CR+E BE=E ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 W]E TREAT$ 9 ! SAME WAY4 

,CONCLUSION 

  

,! HI/ORY JU/ N>RAT$ DOES NOT NE>LY GIVE AN EXHAU/IVE PICTURE ( ! MOVEM5T 9 ITS 5TIRETY4 ,WE HAVE M]ELY TRAC$ -- V]Y BRIEFLY -- ! /ORY ( A S+LE1 ?\< C5TRAL1 CURR5T ( ?IS MOVEM5T1 ! CURR5T ?AT >OSE 9 ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION4 ,?IS CURR5T WAS ONLY A P>T ( A MU* GREAT] :OLE4 ,AS A SOCIAL MOVEM5T ( ,UKRA9IAN WORK]S1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WAS MU* MORE EXT5SIVE ?AN ! PICTURE WE W]E ABLE TO DRAW ( IT4 ,ITS SPIRIT & ITS SLOGANS E*O$ ?R\<\T ! ,UKRA9E4 ,!RE WAS SOCIAL & PSY*OLOGICAL AGITATION AMONG ! PEASANTS & ! WORK]S ( ALMO/ EV]Y GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UKRA9E2 EV]Y:]E ! WORK+ MASSES MADE ATTEMPTS TO REALIZE !IR 9DEP5D5CE 9 ! S5SE :I* ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A GAVE TO IT2 EV]Y:]E PEOPLE HE>D CALLS TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ATTEMPT$ TO 5GAGE 9 REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE & MASSIVE REVOLUTION>Y CREATIVE ACTIVITY4 ,& IF WE C\LD HAVE FOLL[$ ! MOVEM5T 9 ALL ITS RAMIFICATIONS ?R\<\T ! :OLE ,UKRA9E1 IF WE C\LD HAVE TRAC$ ! HI/ORY ( EA* ( ! CURR5TS & !N L9K$ !M TOGE!R & ILLUM9AT$ !M 9 ! LI<T ( ! :OLE1 WE C\LD HAVE OBTA9$ A GREAT TABLEAU ( SEV]AL MILLION PEOPLE 9 REVOLT1 /RUGGL+ UND] ! FLAG ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A = ! FUNDAM5TAL IDEAS ( ! REVOLUTION -- FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 ,BUT IT IS UN=TUNATELY IMPOSSIBLE TO C>RY \T SU* A WORK 9 ! CONDITIONS ( CONTEMPOR>Y ,BOL%EVIK LIFE1 EV5 IF ONE IS WILL+ TO TOL]ATE ALL SORTS ( H>D%IPS4 

,EV5 ! PRES5T WORK1 :I* DEALS ) ONLY ONE CURR5T ( ! MOVEM5T1 HAS BE5 DRA/ICALLY COND5S$4 ,DUE TO ! ABS5CE ( A L>GE AM\NT ( DOCUM5T>Y & FACTUAL MAT]IAL1 ?IS WORK IS UN9T5TIONALLY ABRIDG$1 BO? 9 =M & 9 CONT5T4 

,WE FIRMLY HOPE ?AT A MORE COMPLETE HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T WILL BE WRITT5 ONE DAY4 

,9 ADDITION TO ! FLAWS WE HAVE JU/ M5TION$1 ! PRES5T WORK MAY ALSO SUFF] FROM ! FACT ?AT ! NEGATIVE ASPECTS ( ! MOVEM5T W]E NOT SUFFICI5TLY EXAM9$4 

,NO SOCIAL MOVEM5T ( HI/ORICAL IMPORTANCE1 NO MATT] H[ L(TY ITS ASPIRATIONS1 CAN AVOID ]RORS1 S]I\S %ORTCOM+S1 NEGATIVE ASPECTS4 ,!SE W]E OBVI\SLY PRES5T 9 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 ,BUT WE MU/ ALWAYS REMEMB] ?AT ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A DID NOT HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO C>RY \T SOCIAL EXP]IM5TS1 & CONSEQU5TLY C\LD NOT ]R 9 ?IS FIELD4 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A IS ONLY A P[]FUL MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES1 !IR SELFLESS EF=T TO OV]COME ! REACTION & SAVE ! CAUSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 IT IS 9 ?IS FIELD ?AT WE MU/ LOOK = ! %ORTCOM+S ( ! MOVEM5T4 

,! BASIC %ORTCOM+ ( ! MOVEM5T RESIDES 9 ! FACT ?AT DUR+ ITS LA/ TWO YE>S IT CONC5TRAT$ MA9LY ON MILIT>Y ACTIVITIES4 ,?IS WAS NOT AN ORGANIC FLAW ( ! MOVEM5T ITSELF1 BUT RA!R ITS MIS=TUNE -- IT WAS IMPOS$ ON ! MOVEM5T BY ! SITUATION 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 

,?REE YE>S ( UN9T]RUPT$ CIVIL W>S MADE ! S\!RN ,UKRA9E A P]MAN5T BATTLEFIELD4 ,NUM]\S >MIES ( V>I\S P>TIES TRAV]S$ IT 9 EV]Y DIRECTION1 WREAK+ MAT]IAL1 SOCIAL & MORAL DE/RUCTION ON ! PEASANTS4 ,?IS EXHAU/$ ! PEASANTS4 ,IT DE/ROY$ !IR FIR/ EXP]IM5TS 9 ! FIELD ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,!IR SPIRIT ( SOCIAL CREATIVITY WAS CRU%$4 ,!SE CONDITIONS TORE ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A AWAY FROM ITS HEAL?Y F\NDATION1 AWAY FROM SOCIALLY CREATIVE WORK AMONG ! MASSES1 & =C$ IT TO CONC5TRATE ON W> -- REVOLUTION>Y W>1 IT IS TRUE1 BUT W> NEV]!LESS4 

,EV5 TODAY ! 5EMIES ( FRE$OM >E DEVOT+ ALL !IR =CES TO ! TASK ( PREV5T+ ! 9SURRECTION FROM LEAV+ ! >DU\S PA? ( MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS4 ,?IS IS ! GREAT TRAG$Y ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 ,IT SUFF]$ FROM ?IS = MORE ?AN TWO YE>S1 & JUDG+ BY ! /ATE ( ?+S 9 ,RUSSIA1 ?IS TRAG$Y WILL CONT9UE4 

,!SE FACTS !MSELVES PROVIDE AN ANSW] TO ?OSE AN>*I/S :O1 ON ! BASIS ( ?IRD- OR F\R?-H& ACC\NTS -- DI/ORT$ AT ?AT -- REPROA* ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A = ITS M>TIAL *>ACT]1 & = ?IS REASON /& ALO( FROM IT4 ,! MILIT>Y *>ACT] WAS IMPOS$ ON ! MOVEM5T4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ALL ! AU?ORITIES :O APPE>$ 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 & MA9LY ! ,COMMUNI/S1 MADE EXTRAORD9>Y EF=TS TO DRIVE ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A 9TO A BL9D ALLEY ) ONLY ONE \TLET3 B&ITISM4 ,! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T'S 5TIRE /RATEGY 9 ITS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A DUR+ ! PA/ ?REE YE>S WAS DEVIS$ = ?IS PURPOSE4 ,CAN !SE ,BOL%EVIK MA*9ATIONS BE CONSID]$ FLAWS ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A8 ,OBVI\SLY NOT4 ,:5 SPEAK+ AB\T ! MILIT>Y *>ACT] ( ! MOVEM5T1 WE %\LD NOT BEG9 ) ! FACT ?AT ! ,MAKHNOVI/S DEVOT$ A GREAT DEAL ( TIME TO >TILL]Y & CAVALRY COMBATS2 WE %\LD RA!R ASK H[ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S BEGAN1 :AT GOALS !Y PURSU$1 & :AT MEANS !Y HAD TO REALIZE !M4 

,WE KN[ ?AT !Y BEGAN BY *AS+ ! ,HETMAN'S AU?ORITIES \T ( ! C\NTRY1 & BY PROCLAIM+ ?AT ALL ! L& & ALL 9DU/RY BELONG TO ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,!IR GOAL WAS ! CON/RUCTION ( A FREE LIFE BAS$ ON ! COMPLETE SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 9DEP5D5CE ( ! WORK+ CLASSES4 ,!IR MEANS W]E SOCIAL REVOLUTION & FREE WORK]S' C\NCILS4 

,AS ACTIVE REVOLUTION>IES !Y OBVI\SLY DID NOT LIMIT !MSELVES TO *AS+ \T ! ,HETMAN & PROCLAIM+ !IR RI<TS4 ,TO DE/ROY ! B\RGEOISIE ?OR\<LY1 TO SECURE !IR RI<TS & REVOLUTION>Y GA9S1 !Y ORGANIZ$ >M$ SELF-DEF5SE1 ?US DEMON/RAT+ !IR PR(\ND UND]/&+ ( !IR ROLE 9 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! POSITIVE PROGRAM ( ! REVOLUTION CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY REALIZ$ ONLY ON CONDITION ?AT ! WORK]S DE/ROY ! MILIT>Y P[] ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE AT ! RI<T TIME4 

,DUE TO ! FACT ?AT1 AS AN ACTIVE & (F5SIVE =CE1 ! MOVEM5T WAS NOT G5]AL BUT WAS LIMIT$ TO A FEW GOV]NM5TS1 IT WAS 5CIRCL$ BY HO/ILE =CES3 /ATI/-,PETLIURI/S1 /ATI/ ,BOL%EVIKS1 & ,D5IK9'S 5ORM\S >M$ =CES1 ALL ( :I* ASSAULT$ IT FROM ALL SIDES ) COLOSSAL MILIT>Y =CE4 ,! MOVEM5T OBVI\SLY HAD TO UND]GO GREAT *ANGES 9 ITS /RATEGY1 9 ITS WAYS & MEANS ( ACTION1 & WAS =C$ TO DEVOTE A L>GE P>T ( ITS =CES TO ! MILIT>Y SIDE ( ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 ,BUT AS WE SAID1 ?IS WAS NOT ITS FAULT1 BUT ITS MIS=TUNE4 

,! CONDITIONS ( W>F>E :I* CON/ANTLY SURR\ND$ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S 5G5D]$ AMONG !M MANY *>ACT]I/ICS :I* W]E DUE TO !IR EXCEPTIONAL SITUATION3 /RICT DISCIPL9E 9 ! >MY & EXTREME -SEV]ITY T[>D !IR 5EMIES4 ,9 SPITE ( !SE *>ACT]I/ICS1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S REMA9$ FIR/ ( ALL REVOLUTION>IES4 ,:5 !Y OCCUPI$ ,EKAT]9OSLAV 9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#i1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S DID NOT 9 ANY WAY DI/URB ! SOLDI]S ( ,D5IK9'S OR ( O!R >MIES :O W]E BE+ TREAT$ 9 ! HOSPITALS ( ! CITY1 :E!R !Y W]E PLA9 SOLDI]S OR (FIC]S4 ,& !SE SAME ,MAKHNOVI/S %OT !IR [N COMM&]S1 ,BOGDANOV & ,LA%KEVI*1 = 9FRACTIONS ( DISCIPL9E & REVOLUTION>Y HONOR4.<#c#f.> 

,9 ,*APT] #h WE M5TION$ C]TA9 ]RORS & %ORTCOM+S ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,O!R FAULTS & DEFECTS ( ! MOVEM5T >E SO TRIVIAL & UNIMPORTANT ?AT !RE IS NO REASON TO DWELL ON !M4.<#c#g.>  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,! QUE/ION IS -- :AT NEXT8 

,DUR+ ! PA/ YE> & A HALF1 ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S AGA9/ ! ,COMMUNI/ P[] HAD AN EXCLUSIVELY MILIT>Y *>ACT]4 ,NEI!R ORGANIZATIONAL NOR $UCATIONAL WORK AMONG ! PEASANTS & WORK]S WAS POSSIBLE4 ,!RE WAS NO ROOM = FREE SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION4 ,:AT IS ! PO9T ( CONT9U+ SU* A /RUGGLE8 ,:AT HOPES C\LD SU/A9 IT8 

,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT AT ! PRES5T MOM5T1 :5 A CULT ( MILIT>ISM HAS BE5 IMPLANT$ ?R\<\T ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE1 :5 ! POPUL> MASSES ( ! ,UKRA9E & ( ,GREAT ,RUSSIA >E COMPLETELY SUBJUGAT$1 :5 ! 5TIRE C\NTRY IS 9FECT$ BY AN EPIDEMIC ( D5UNCIATIONS & UNJU/ TRIALS1 ! SITUATION ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A IS CRITICAL1 & ANY FUR!R /RUGGLE SEEMS HOPELESS4 ,BUT ?IS SEEMS TO BE SO ONLY IF ! QUE/ION IS CONSID]$ FROM A N>R[1 /ATI/ PO9T ( VIEW4 

,WE >E LIV+ 9 A REVOLUTION>Y EPO* FULL ( MASSIVE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( WORK]S & PEASANTS1 MOVEM5TS :I* ALT]NATE ) REACTION>Y ATTEMPTS ( V>I\S AU?ORITIES TO BECOME MA/]S ( ! MOVEM5TS & TO E/ABLI% !IR DICTATOR%IP4 ,! MASS MOVEM5T :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ,FEBRU>Y-,M>*1 #a#i#a#g1 GAVE WAY TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,DUMA4 ,! AGR>IAN-9DU/RIAL MASS MOVEM5T ( ! SUMM] ( #aiag CALL$ TO LIFE1 AS A C\NT]WEI<T TO ITSELF1 ! B\RGEOIS-SOCIALI/ COALITION GOV]NM5T4 ,& ON ! CRE/ ( ! P[]FUL ,OCTOB] MOVEM5T ( WORK]S & PEASANTS SURFAC$ ! ,COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T4 

,! FACT ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ P[] HAS SUCCE$$ 9 MA9TA9+ ITSELF = A LONG P]IOD 9 REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA HAS MADE MANY PEOPLE ?9K ?AT ?IS SY/EM IS ! PRODUCT ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & ITS NATURAL =M4 ,BUT ?IS IS PR(\NDLY UNTRUE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & ! ,COMMUNI/ AU?ORITY >E TWO ANTIPODES1 TWO OPPOSITES4 ,?R\<\T ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 ! ,COMMUNI/ P[] HAS ONLY BE5 ! %REWDE/1 ! MO/ FLEXIBLE & AT ! SAME TIME ! MO/ T5ACI\S =M ( REACTION4 ,IT /RUGGL$ AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION FROM ! DAY IT BEGAN4 ,9 ?IS /RUGGLE ! WORK+ MASSES ( ,RUSSIA HAVE ALREADY LO/ ! MA9 A*IEVEM5TS ( !IR REVOLUTION3 FRE$OM ( ORGANIZATION1 ( SPEE*1 ( ! PRESS1 ! 9VIOLABILITY ( LIFE1 ETC4 ,?IS /RUGGLE SPREAD ?R\<\T ! EXPANSE ( ,RUSSIA1 AFFECT+ EV]Y VILLAGE & EV]Y FACTORY2 ITS HI<E/ PO9T WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E2 IT RE-APPE>$ 9 SEV]AL GOV]NM5TS 9 ,GREAT ,RUSSIA1 & 9 ,FEBRU>Y-,M>*1 #a#i#b#a1 IT REV]B]AT$ AGA9 9 ! UPRIS+ ( ,KRON/ADT4 

,TODAY ,RUSSIA IS UND]GO+ A PHASE ( ACUTE REACTION4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO PR$ICT IF ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( WORK]S & PEASANTS WILL BE VICTORI\S1 OR IF ! REACTION WILL SUCCE$ 9 MA9TA9+ ITSELF & CONSOLIDAT+ ITS P[]4 ,BUT ONE ?+ IS CLE>3 ! REVOLUTION>Y EPO* :I* BEGAN 9 ,RUSSIA IS BY NO MEANS OV]2 5ORM\S REVOLUTION>Y 5]GY IS /OR$ UP 9 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS2 !Y /ILL HAVE GUNP[D] 9 !IR P[D]-FLASKS1 & !Y MAY YET 5GAGE 9 MASSIVE REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 

,?REE CIRCUM/ANCES MI<T GIVE RISE TO ! RESUMPTION ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 IT C\LD >ISE FROM ! DIRECT /RUGGLE ( ! MASSES AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIK REACTION4 ,SECONDLY1 IT C\LD BE CAUS$ BY ! ATTACK ( A =EIGN B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,& ?IRDLY1 IT C\LD BE /IMULAT$ IF A P[] OV]TURN$ DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION ATTEMPT$ TO *ANGE ITS C\RSE4 ,AT FIR/ SI<T IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! LATT] TWO CIRCUM/ANCES -- C\NT]-REVOLUTION FROM )\T & FROM )9 -- W\LD NOT ADD ANY?+ NEW TO ! EXI/+ ,COMMUNI/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,AS NEW =CES !Y C\LD DETONATE ! MASSES1 :O MI<T !N BREAK ?R\< ! REACTION>Y ,COMMUNI/ %ELL :I* 5VELOPS !M1 & CONT9UE ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A LIVES FROM !SE REVOLUTION>Y =CES ( ! MASSES TEMPOR>ILY SUPPRESS$ BY ! C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS ?R\< !M ?AT ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A REALIZ$ BRILLIANT REVOLUTION>Y A*IEVEM5TS = :I* ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITY FALSELY TAKES CR$IT4 ,IT WAS ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A ?AT BURI$ ! ,HETMAN'S GOV]NM5T1 ?AT DEMOLI%$ ,PETLIURA'S 5T]PRISE1 ?AT DEF5D$ ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ ,D5IK91 & ?AT CONTRIBUT$ SIGNIFICANTLY TO ! F9AL DEFEAT ( ,WRANGEL4 

,IT MI<T SEEM P>ADOXICAL1 BUT IT IS NEV]!LESS UNQUE/IONABLE1 ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ AU?ORITY IMPLANT$ & CONSOLIDAT$ ITS P[] 9 ,RUSSIA BECAUSE ( ! EXTRAORD9>Y /RUGGLE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S AGA9/ ! NUM]\S C\NT]REVOLUTIONS4 

,& 9 ! FUTURE1 :5EV] ! REVOLUTION>Y FLAME IS K9DL$ 9 ! MASSES1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WILL BE ON ! FIELD ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 

,AT ! PRES5T MOM5T IT IS =C$ TO DEVOTE ALL ITS EF=TS TO ! TASK ( SURVIV+ ?R\< ?IS P]IOD ( ACUTE REACTION4 ,?IS IS A REVOLUTION>Y TACTIC1 A /RATEGIC MANEUV] ON ITS P>T1 & IT MI<T HAVE TO BE CONT9U$ = SEV]AL YE>S4 ,! NEXT FIVE OR T5 YE>S WILL DECIDE ! FATE ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & ( ! 5TIRE ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 

,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION CAN ONLY BE SAV$ BY ITS LIB]ATION FROM ! *A9S ( /ATISM & BY ! CREATION ( A SOCIAL REGIME F\ND$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( SOCIAL SELF-DIRECTION ( ! PEASANTS & WORK]S4 ,& :5 A ?RU/ 9 ?IS DIRECTION APPE>S AMONG ! WORK+ MASSES1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WILL BE ! C5T] ( !IR G5]AL REVOLUTION>Y UNIFICATION4 ,IT WILL BE ! /&>D & ! RALLY+ PO9T = ALL :O >E BRAVE1 D>+1 & FIRMLY DEVOT$ TO ! WORK]S4 ,IT IS !N ?AT ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A'S DEVOTION TO ! MASSES1 ITS EXP]I5CE & ITS MILIT>Y G5IUS1 WILL S]VE TO PROTECT ! TRULY PROLET>IAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,?IS IS :Y IT CONT9UES TO C>RY ON ! SEEM+LY HOPELESS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,?IS IS :Y IT CONT9UES TO DI/URB ! PEACE & QUIET ( ! ,COMMUNI/S4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,YET ANO!R QUE/ION >ISES4 

,! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T IS PRIM>ILY A MOVEM5T ( ! POORE/ SECTORS ( ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTRY4 ,! TRIUMPH ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WILL MEAN ! TRIUMPH ( !SE POOR PEASANTS4 ,BUT WILL ?IS MEAN ! TRIUMPH ( ! IDEA ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 ! TRIUMPH ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION8 

,! DAY AFT] ! TRIUMPH ( SU* A REVOLUTION ! PEASANTS WILL HAVE TO PROVIDE FOOD/UFFS TO SUPPORT ! URBAN WORK]S4 ,ASSUM+ ?AT 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITY 9 ! CITIES IS DISORGANIZ$ & IS H>DLY GE>$ TO ! NE$S ( ! C\NTRYSIDE1 ! WORK]S WILL NOT BE ABLE TO PAY ! PEASANTS ) ! PRODUCTS ( !IR [N LABOR4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 9 ! BEG9N+ ! PEASANTS WILL VOLUNT>ILY & )\T REMUN]ATION HAVE TO UND]TAKE TO SUPPORT ! URBAN PROLET>IAT4 ,WILL !Y BE CAPABLE ( SU* G5]OSITY1 ( SU* A REVOLUTION>Y ACT8 ,! ,COMMUNI/S CONSI/5TLY DEPICT ! PEASANTS AS A REACTION>Y =CE IMBU$ ) N>R[ PROPRIET>Y 9/9CTS4 ,WILL !Y BE DOM9AT$ BY ?IS PROPRIET>Y 9/9CT1 ?IS SPIRIT ( AV>ICE8 ,WILL !Y TURN !IR BACKS ON ! CITIES & AB&ON !M )\T PROVID+ ! NE$$ ASSI/ANCE8 

,WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT ?IS WILL NOT HAPP54 

,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A UND]/&S ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ITS TRUE S5SE4 ,IT UND]/&S ?AT ! VICTORY & CONSOLIDATION ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! WELL BE+ :I* CAN FL[ FROM IT1 CANNOT BE REALIZ$ )\T A CLOSE ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASSES ( ! CITIES & ?OSE ( ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,! PEASANTS UND]/& ?AT )\T URBAN WORK]S & P[]FUL 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES !Y WILL BE DEPRIV$ ( MO/ ( ! B5EFITS :I* ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION MAKES POSSIBLE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 !Y CONSID] ! URBAN WORK]S TO BE !IR BRO!RS1 MEMB]S ( ! SAME FAMILY ( WORK]S4 

,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT1 AT ! MOM5T ( ! VICTORY ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 ! PEASANTS WILL GIVE !IR 5TIRE SUPPORT TO ! WORK]S4 ,?IS WILL BE VOLUNT>Y & TRULY REVOLUTION>Y SUPPORT GIV5 DIRECTLY TO ! URBAN PROLET>IAT4 ,9 ! PRES5T-DAY SITUATION1 ! BREAD TAK5 BY =CE FROM ! PEASANTS N\RI%ES MA9LY ! 5ORM\S GOV]NM5TAL MA*9E4 ,! PEASANTS SEE & UND]/& P]FECTLY ?AT ?IS EXP5SIVE BUREAUCRATIC MA*9E IS NOT 9 ANY WAY NE$$ BY !M OR BY ! WORK]S1 & ?AT 9 RELATION TO ! WORK]S IT PLAYS ! SAME ROLE AS ?AT ( A PRISON ADM9I/RATION T[>D ! 9MATES4 ,?IS IS :Y ! PEASANTS DO NOT HAVE ! SLI<TE/ DESIRE TO GIVE !IR BREAD VOLUNT>ILY TO ! ,/ATE4 ,?IS IS :Y !Y >E SO HO/ILE 9 !IR RELATIONS ) ! CONTEMPOR>Y TAX COLLECTORS -- ! COMMISS>S & ! V>I\S SUPPLY ORGANS ( ! ,/ATE4 

,BUT ! PEASANTS ALWAYS TRY TO 5T] 9TO DIRECT RELATIONS ) ! URBAN WORK]S4 ,?IS QUE/ION WAS RAIS$ MORE ?AN ONCE AT PEASANT CONGRESSES1 & ! PEASANTS ALWAYS RESOLV$ IT 9 A REVOLUTION>Y & POSITIVE MANN]4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 :5 ! MASSES ( URBAN PROLET>IANS BECOME TRULY 9DEP5D5T & RELATE DIRECTLY TO ! PEASANTS ?R\< !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS1 ! PEASANTS WILL FURNI% ! 9DISP5SABLE FOOD/UFFS & RAW MAT]IALS1 KN[+ ?AT 9 ! NE> FUTURE ! WORK]S WILL PLACE ! 5TIRE GIGANTIC P[] ( 9DU/RY AT ! S]VICE ( ! NE$S ( ! WORK]S ( ! CITY & ! C\NTRYSIDE4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A %$S LI<T ON ONLY ONE CORN] ( CONTEMPOR>Y ,RUSSIA4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT1 ) ! PASSAGE ( TIME1 PEOPLE WILL COME :O WILL EXPOSE ?IS ,RUSSIA FROM EV]Y CORN]1 SUBJECT+ ALL ITS ASPECTS TO ! LI<T ( TRU?4 ,& !N ! ROLE ( ,BOL%EVISM 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WILL BE CLE> TO EV]YONE4 

,ALREADY TODAY1 9 ! DOMA9 :I* WE EXAM9$1 WE CAN SEE ITS TRUE FACE4 ,! HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 DUR+ :I* ! POPUL> MASSES TRI$ = YE>S TO REALIZE AN 9DEP5D5CE :I* IS BETT] ?AN ANY KN[N TO US1 MAK+ 5ORM\S SACRIFICES = ITS SAKE1 DEF9ITIVELY UNMASKS ,BOL%EVISM & COMPLETELY DEMOLI%ES ! LEG5D AB\T ITS PRET5D$ REVOLUTION>Y & PROLET>IAN *>ACT]4 

,?R\<\T ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 :5EV] WORK]S TRI$ TO ACT ON !IR [N1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS CRU%$ !M4 ,!IR REACTION>Y SPIRIT DID NOT EV5 HESITATE :5 IT BECAME CLE> TO ALL1 9CLUD+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS BE+ KILL$ BY !IR MURD]\S DICTATOR%IP4 ,!Y DID NOT = AN 9/ANT AB&ON ! 9SANE & MORBID DESIRE TO =CIBLY HOLD ! 5TIRE REVOLUTION )9 ! VISE ( !IR PROGRAM4 

,IT WAS /ILL ALTOGE!R POSSIBLE TO RESCUE ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 9 #aiai & #a#i#b4 ,?IS IS /ILL POSSIBLE TODAY4 ,:AT CAN SAVE IT IS ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ( ! MASSES1 ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' ORGANIZATIONS1 !IR 9DEP5D5CE 9 ?\<T & ACTION4 ,! REVOLUTION W\LD RECOV] ITS CONFID5CE & ITS WILL2 IT W\LD AGA9 >\SE ! GREAT 5?USIASM ( ! MASSES1 /IMULAT+ !M TO H]OIC /RUGGLES & GREAT DE$S1 CUR+ ALL ! W\NDS ( ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC ORGANISM4 

,/ATI/S LIE :5 !Y CLAIM ?AT ! MASSES >E CAPABLE ONLY ( DE/ROY+ ! OLD1 ?AT !Y >E GREAT & H]OIC ONLY :5 !Y 5GAGE 9 DE/RUCTION1 & ?AT 9 CREATIVE WORK !Y >E 9]T & VULG>4 

,9 ! REALM ( CREATIVE ACTIVITY1 9 ! REALM ( DAILY WORK1 ! MASSES >E CAPABLE ( GREAT DE$S & ( H]OISM4 ,BUT !Y MU/ FEEL A SOLID F\NDATION UND] !IR FEET2 !Y MU/ FEEL TRULY FREE2 !Y MU/ KN[ ?AT ! WORK !Y DO IS !IR [N2 !Y MU/ SEE 9 EV]Y SOCIAL MEASURE :I* IS ADOPT$ ! MANIFE/ATION ( !IR WILL1 !IR HOPES & !IR ASPIRATIONS4 ,9 %ORT1 ! MASSES MU/ DIRECT !MSELVES 9 ! L>GE/ MEAN+ ( ?OSE WORDS4 

,BUT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HABITUALLY SEEK ONLY ! SUPPORT & OB$I5CE ( ! MASSES1 & NEV] !IR REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT4 

,IT IS A HI/ORICALLY E/ABLI%$ FACT ?AT1 FROM #aiah ON1 ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTS & WORK]S W]E CONT9UALLY 5GAG$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+S1 AGA9/ ,SKOROPADSKY1 ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS1 ,PETLIURA1 ,D5IK91 ETC4 ,!SE UPRIS+S PLAY$ AN 5ORM\S ROLE 9 ! DE/9Y ( ! 5TIRE ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION3 !Y CREAT$ & SU/A9$ A SITUATION ( P]MAN5T REVOLUTION 9 ! C\NTRY :I* DECISIVELY TURN$ ! ATT5TION ( ! WORK]S T[>D ! SOLUTION ( ! ESS5TIAL PROBLEMS ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,?IS SITUATION ( P]MAM5T REVOLUTION 9 ! C\NTRY WAS NOT BROK5 BY ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION ( ! B\RGEOISIE OR ( ! ,CZ>I/ G5]ALS1 BUT BY ?AT ( ! ,COMMUNI/ P[]4 ,9 ! NAME ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( !IR ,P>TY1 ! ,COMMUNI/S MILIT>ILY CRU%$ ALL ! ATTEMPTS ( WORK]S TO REALIZE !IR [N SELF-DIRECTION -- ! BASIC GOAL ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION -- & ?US CRU%$ ! REVOLUTION>Y F]M5T 9 ! C\NTRY4 

,!IR MORBID FAI? 9 !IR [N DICTATOR%IP L$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO BECOME SO CALL\S1 SO OSSIFI$ & RIGID1 ?AT ! NE$S & ! SUFF]+S ( ! REVOLUTION BECAME TOTALLY =EIGN TO !M2 !Y PREF]R$ TO SEE ! REVOLUTION DEAD RA!R ?AN MAKE ANY CONCESSIONS TO IT4 ,!IR ROLE 9 ! 5TIRE ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS FATAL4 ,!Y KILL$ ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE & ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES & %ATT]$ ! GREATE/ REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITIES ?AT ! WORK]S HAD EV] HAD 9 ALL HI/ORY4 ,& = ?IS ! PROLET>IANS ( ! :OLE WORLD WILL =EV] NAIL !M TO ! PILLORY4 

,H[EV]1 ONE %\LD NOT MAKE ! MI/AKE ( ?9K+ ?AT ONLY ! ,BOL%EVIKS >E RESPONSIBLE = ! DEFEAT ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,BOL%EVISM M]ELY PUT 9TO PRACTICE :AT HAD BE5 ELABORAT$ BY DECADES ( SOCIALI/ SCI5CE4 ,ITS 5TIRE PROGRAM ( ACTION IS BAS$ ON ! !ORIES ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM4 ,WE CAN SEE H[ HYPOCRITICALLY ?IS SAME SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM TREATS ! WORK]S 9 O!R ,EUROPEAN ,/ATES1 %ACKL+ !M TO ! B\RGEOIS DICTATOR%IP4 

,:5 ! WORLD'S WORK+ CLASS LOOKS = ?OSE :O >E RESPONSIBLE = ! %AMEFUL & EXTRAORD9>ILY DIFFICULT SITUATION ( ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS & WORK]S UND] ! SOCIALI/ DICTATOR%IP1 IT WILL HAVE TO BLAME SOCIALISM 9 ITS 5TIRETY1 & CONDEMN IT4 

,! BLOODY TRAG$Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS & WORK]S CANNOT PASS )\T LEAV+ TRACES4 ,! PRACTICE ( SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA HAS DEMON/RAT$ BETT] ?AN ANY?+ ELSE ?AT ! WORK+ CLASSES HAVE NO FRI5DS1 BUT ONLY 5EMIES :O SEEK TO TAKE AWAY ! FRUITS ( !IR LABOR4 ,SOCIALISM HAS AMPLY DEMON/RAT$ ?AT IT BELONGS AMONG !SE 5EMIES4 ,FROM YE> TO YE>1 ?IS IDEA IS BE+ IMPLANT$ MORE FIRMLY 9 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 

,PROLET>IANS ( ! WORLD1 LOOK 9TO ! DEP?S ( Y\R [N BE+S1 SEEK \T ! TRU? & REALIZE IT Y\RSELVES3 Y\ WILL F9D IT NO:]E ELSE4 

,SU* IS ! WAT*WORD ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,AT ! TIME ( !IR ?IRD ASSAULT ON ! 9SURRECTION>Y REGION1 ! ,SOVIET P[] DID EV]Y?+ POSSIBLE TO DEAL ! DEA? BL[ TO ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 ,DUE TO !IR NUM]\S TROOPS FRE$ FROM MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS 9 ! ,CRIMEA & TO !IR SUP]IORITY 9 >MAM5TS1 !Y SUCCE$$ 9 DEFEAT+ ! 9SURRECTION>Y >MY 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#b#a1 & 9 =C+ ! C5TRAL CORE ( ?IS >MY1 HEAD$ BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 TO RETREAT TO ,R\MANIAN T]RITORY4 ,AFT] ?IS ! ,R$ ,>MY OCCUPI$ ! 5TIRE 9SURRECTION>Y REGION1 & ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES W]E VIOL5TLY SUBJECT$ TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,BOL%EVISM4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A IS N[ 9 A NEW SITUATION1 & IT FACES A NEW /AGE 9 ! /RUGGLE = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,:AT SORT ( /RUGGLE WILL ?IS BE8 

,LIFE ITSELF WILL DET]M9E ITS *>ACT] & ITS =MS4 ,BUT ONE ?+ IS C]TA93 UNTIL ! LA/ DAY ! MOVEM5T WILL REMA9 TRUE TO OPPRESS$ HUMANITY2 UNTIL ! LA/ DAY IT WILL /RUGGLE & BE PREP>$ TO DIE = ! GREAT IDEALS ( LABOR-FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 

,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A IS /EADFA/ & IMMORTAL4 

,:]EV] ! WORK+ MASSES DO NOT LET !MSELVES BE SUBJUGAT$1 :]EV] !Y CULTIVATE ! LOVE ( 9DEP5D5CE1 :]EV] !Y CONC5TRATE !IR CLASS WILL1 !Y WILL ALWAYS CREATE !IR [N HI/ORICAL SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 !Y WILL ACT ON !IR [N4 ,?IS IS ! ESS5CE ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 

,JANU>Y-,JUNE1 #a#i#b#a4 

,RUSSIA4 

,APP5DIX4 ,SOME ,MAKHNOVI/ ,PROCLAMATIONS4 

  

,! FOLL[+ PROCLAMATIONS ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 FROM ! >*IVE ( ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,UGO ,F$ELI1 >E 9 ! CU/ODY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAAL ,9/ITUUT VOOR ,SOCIA_/E ,GES*I$5IS 79 ,AM/]DAM74 ,IT IS NOT KN[N H[ ! PROCLAMATIONS CAME 9TO ,F$ELI'S POSSESSION4 ,!Y W]E ALL WRITT5 9 ,RUSSIAN4 ,PAP] \T ( AN ACC\NT BOOK WAS US$ = ONE1 WRAPP+ PAP] FROM A C&Y FACTORY = ANO!R1 9DICAT+ ?AT !Y W]E PR9T$ 9 DIFFICULT CIRCUM/ANCES4 .<,! TRANSLATION IS BY ,ANN ,ALL54.>  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,D,E,C,L,>,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,>,Y ,9,S,U,R,G,5,T ,>,M,Y ,( ,! ,U,K,R,A,9,E 7,M,A,K,H,N,O,V,I,/7  
  

,TO ALL ! PEASANTS & WORK]S ( ! ,UKRA9E4 ,TO BE S5T BY TELEGRAPH1 TELEPHONE OR PO/ TO ALL VILLAGES1 RURAL DI/RICTS1 & GOV]NM5TS ( ! ,UKRA9E4 ,TO BE READ AT PEASANT GA!R+S1 9 FACTORIES & 9 WORK%OPS4  
  

,FELL[ WORK]S6 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E 7,MAKHNOVI/7 WAS CALL$ 9TO EXI/5CE AS A PROTE/ AGA9/ ! OPPRESSION ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS BY ! B\RGEOIS-L&LORD AU?ORITY ON ! ONE H& & ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP ON ! O!R4 

,SETT+ = ITSELF ONE GOAL -- ! BATTLE = TOTAL LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ! ,UKRA9E FROM ! OPPRESSION ( V>I\S AU?ORITIES & ! CREATION ( A ,T,R,U,E ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,/ ,O,R,D,]1 ! 9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY F\<T /UBBORNLY ON SEV]AL FRONTS = ! A*IEVEM5T ( !SE GOALS & AT ! PRES5T TIME IS BR++ TO A VICTORI\S CONCLUSION ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,D5IK9I/ >MY1 LIB]AT+ REGION AFT] REGION1 9 :I* EV]Y CO]CIVE P[] & EV]Y CO]CIVE ORGANIZATION IS 9 ! PROCESS ( BE+ REMOV$4 

,MANY PEASANTS & WORK]S >E ASK+3 ,:AT WILL HAPP5 N[8 ,:AT IS TO BE DONE8 ,H[ %ALL WE TREAT ! DECREES ( ! EXIL$ AU?ORITIES1 ETC4 

,ALL ( !SE QUE/IONS WILL BE ANSW]$ F9ALLY & 9 DETAIL AT ! ,ALL-,UKRA9IAN WORK]-PEASANT ,CONGRESS1 :I* MU/ CONV5E IMM$IATELY1 AS SOON AS !RE IS AN OPPORTUNITY = ! WORK]S & PEASANTS TO COME TOGE!R4 ,?IS CONGRESS WILL MAP \T & DECIDE ALL ! URG5T QUE/IONS ( PEASANT-WORK] LIFE4 

,9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT ! CONGRESS WILL BE CONV5$ AT AN 9DEF9ITE TIME1 ! 9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY F9DS IT NECESS>Y TO PUT UP ! FOLL[+ ANN\NCEM5T CONC]N+ WORK]-PEASANT LIFE3 

#a4 ,ALL DECREES ( ! ,D5IK9 7VOLUNTE]7 AU?ORITY >E ABOLI%$4 ,?OSE DECREES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ AU?ORITY :I* CONFLICT ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEASANTS & WORK]S >E ALSO REPEAL$4  
  

,NOTE3 ,:I* DECREES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ AU?ORITY >E H>MFUL TO ! WORK+ PEOPLE MU/ BE DECID$ BY ! WORK+ PEOPLE !MSELVES -- ! PEASANTS 9 ASSEMBLIES1 ! WORK]S 9 !IR FACTORIES & WORK%OPS4  
  

#b4 ,! L&S ( ! S]VICE G5TRY1 ( ! MONA/]IES1 ( ! PR9CES & O!R 5EMIES ( ! TOIL+ MASSES1 ) ALL !IR LIVE /OCK & GOODS1 >E PASS$ ON TO ! USE ( ?OSE PEASANTS :O SUPPORT !MSELVES SOLELY ?R\< !IR [N LABOR4 ,?IS TRANSF] WILL BE C>RI$ \T 9 AN ORD]LY FA%ION DET]M9$ 9 COMMON AT PEASANT ASSEMBLIES1 :I* MU/ REMEMB] 9 ?IS MATT] NOT ONLY EA* ( !IR [N P]SONAL 9T]E/S1 BUT ALSO BE> 9 M9D ! COMMON 9T]E/ ( ALL ! OPPRESS$1 WORK+ PEASANTRY4 

#c4 ,FACTORIES1 WORK%OPS1 M9ES & O!R TOOLS & MEANS ( PRODUCTION BECOME ! PROP]TY ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE1 :I* WILL RUN ALL 5T]PRISES !MSELVES1 ?R\< !IR TRADE UNIONS1 GETT+ PRODUCTION UND] WAY & /RIV+ TO TIE TOGE!R ALL 9DU/RY 9 ! C\NTRY 9 A S+LE1 UNIT>Y ORGANIZATION4 

#d4 ,IT IS BE+ PROPOS$ ?AT ALL PEASANT & WORK] ORGANIZATIONS />T ! CON/RUCTION ( FREE WORK]-PEASANT ,SOVIETS4 ,ONLY LABOR]S :O >E CONTRIBUT+ WORK NECESS>Y TO ! SOCIAL ECONOMY %\LD P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,SOVIETS4 ,REPRES5TATIVES ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE NO PLACE 9 WORK]-PEASANT ,SOVIETS1 S9CE !IR P>TICIPATION 9 A WORK]S' SOVIET WILL TRANS=M ! LATT] 9TO DEPUTIES ( ! P>TY & CAN LEAD TO ! D[NFALL ( ! SOVIET SY/EM4 

#e4 ,! EXI/5CE ( ! ,*EKA1 ( P>TY COMMITTEES & SIMIL> COMPULSORY AU?ORITATIVE & DISCIPL9>Y 9/ITUTIONS IS 9TOL]ABLE 9 ! MID/ ( FREE PEASANTS & WORK]S4 

#f4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 PRESS1 ASSEMBLY1 UNIONS & ! LIKE >E 9ALI5ABLE RI<TS ( EV]Y WORK] & ANY RE/RICTION ON !M IS A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ACT4 

#g4 ,/ATE MILITIA1 POLICEM5 & >MIES >E ABOLI%$4 ,9/EAD ( !M ! PEOPLE WILL ORGANIZE !IR [N SELF-DEF5SE4 ,SELF-DEF5SE CAN BE ORGANIZ$ ONLY BY WORK]S & PEASANTS4 

#h4 ,! WORK]-PEASANT ,SOVIETS1 ! SELF-DEF5SE GR\PS ( WORK]S & PEASANTS & ALSO EV]Y PEASANT & WORK] MU/ NOT P]MIT ANY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y MANIFE/ATION :ATSOEV] BY ! B\RGEOISIE & (FIC]S4 ,NOR %\LD !Y TOL]ATE ! APPE>ANCE ( B&ITRY4 ,EV]YONE CONVICT$ ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION OR B&ITRY WILL BE %OT ON ! SPOT4 

#i4 ,SOVIET & ,UKRA9IAN MONEY MU/ BE ACCEPT$ EQUALLY ) O!R MONIES4 ,?OSE GUILTY ( VIOLATION ( ?IS >E SUBJECT TO REVOLUTION>Y PUNI%M5T4 

#a4 ,! EX*ANGE ( WORK PROCLUCTS & GOODS WILL REMA9 FREE2 = ! TIME BE+ ?IS ACTIVITY WILL NOT BE TAK5 OV] BY ! WORK]-PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS PROPOS$ ?AT ! EX*ANGE ( WORK PRODUCTS TAKE PLACE *IEFLY ,B,E,T,W,E,5 ,W,O,R,K,+ ,P,E,O,P,L,E4 

#a#a4 ,ALL 9DIVIDUALS DELIB]ATELY OB/RUCT+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( ?IS DECL>ATION WILL BE CONSID]$ C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y4  
  

,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,SOVIET & ,COMM& ,/AFF ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E 7,MAKHNOVI/7  
  

,JANU>Y #g1 #a#i#b4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,C,O,M,R,A,D,E ,P,E,A,S,A,N,T,S6 

,= MANY YE>S ! WORK+ PEASANTRY ( ! ,UKRA9E HAS BE5 /RUGGL+ ) ITS ANCI5T 5EMIES & OPPRESSORS4 ,?\S&S ( ! BE/ ,SONS ( ! ,REVOLUTION HAVE FALL5 9 ! BATTLE = ! COMPLETE LIB]ATION ( ! ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE FROM EV]Y OPPRESSION4 ,?R\< ! H]OIC EF=TS ( ! PEASANT ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E1 ! HANGMAN ,D5IK9 WAS DEALT A FATAL BL[4 ,! 9SURG5T ,PEASANTS1 ) !IR LEAD] -- ,BATKO ,MAKHNO -- AT !IR HEAD1 REMA9+ = LONG MON?S 9 ! HOME FRONT ( ! :ITE GU>D1 SURR\ND$ T5 TIMES BY A /RONG 5EMY1 EXHAU/$ BY ! WOR/ DISEASE -- TYPHUS1 :I* TOOK FROM ACTION A HUNDR$ ( \R BE/ FI<T]S DAILY1 FREQU5TLY LACK+ AMUNITION1 TOGE!R ATTACK$ ! 5EMY ) B>E H&S & UND] !IR P[]FUL BL[ ! BE/ ,D5IK9I/ =CES -- ! DETA*M5TS ( G5]ALS ,%KURO & ,MAMONTOV -- FL$4 ,?R\< 9CR$IBLE EF=TS & ! BLOOD ( ! BE/ FI<T]S ! 9SURG5T PEASANTS SMA%$ ! ,D5IK9I/ FRONT & OP5$ ! GATES = !IR NOR!RN BRO!RS -- = ,PEASANTS & ,WORK]S2 COMRADES ( ! R$ >MY CAME TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ! ,D5IK9I/ HORDES 9 ! ,UKRA9E -- WORK]S & PEASANTS ( ! ,NOR?4 ,BE=E ! ,WORK+ ,PEASANTRY ( ! ,UKRA9E A QUE/ION N[ >OSE1 AP>T FROM ! COMMON ,TASK -- /RUGGLE ) ! :ITE GU>D -- ! ,BUILD+ ( A ,TRULY ,SOVIET ,SY/EM1 UND] :I* ! ,SOVIETS1 ELECT$ BY ! ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE1 W\LD BE S]VANTS ( ! ,PEOPLE1 IMPLEM5TORS ( ?OSE LAWS1 ( ?OSE ORD]S1 :I* ! ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE !MSELVES WILL WRITE AT ! ,ALL-,UKRA9IAN ,WORK+ ,CONGRESS4 ,BUT ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* HAS MADE \T ( ! ,R$ ,>MY A BL9D1 OB$I5T TOOL = ! DEF5SE ( ! COM-MISS>OCRACY1 SME>+ ) FIL? & VILE SL&]S ! BE/ ( ! 9SURG5T LEAD]S1 DECID$ 0TO ROOT \T ! SPL9T]0 -- TO DO AWAY ) ! ,REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5CY1 :I* IS PREV5T+ ! ,LORD ,COMMISS>S FROM WIELD+ P[] OV] ! ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UKRA9E4 ,! ,COMMISS>OCRATS WI% TO SEE 9 ! ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE ONLY 0HUMAN MAT]IEL0 AS ,TROTSKY CALL$ !M AT ! CONGRESS1 ONLY CANNON FODD] TO BE HURL$ AGA9/ ANYONE1 BUT TO :OM IT IS ON NO ACC\NT POSSIBLE TO GIVE ANY RI<TS :ATSOEV]4 ,WORK+ ACTIVITY & ORD] WILL BE E/ABLI%$ )\T ! HELP ( ! ,COMMUNI/S4 

,COMRADE ,PEASANTS6 ,! ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E 7,MAKHNOVI/7 CAME FROM Y\R MID/4 ,Y\R SONS1 BRO!RS1 & FA!RS FILL$ UP \R RANKS4 ,! ,9SURG5T ,>MY IS ,Y\R >MY1 ,Y\R BLOOD1 ,Y\R FLE%4 ,MAK+ T5S ( ?\S&S ( SACRIFICES ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY F\<T = ! RI<T ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE !MSELVES TO BUILD !IR [N ORD]1 TO DISPOSE ( !IR [N WEAL? !MSELVES1 & NOT = ! TRANSF] ( EV]Y?+ TO ! H&S ( ! ,COMMISS>S4 ,! ,9SURG5T ,>MY F\<T & IS FI<T+ = ! TRUE ,SOVIETS1 & NOT = ! ,*EKA & ! ,COMMISS>OCRACY4 ,9 ! TIME ( ! HANGMAN ,HETMAN1 ! ,G]MANS & ! ,D5IK9I/S1 ! 9SURRECTION /OOD UP /AUN*LY AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS 9 DEF5SE ( ! ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE4 ,& N[ ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY CONSID]S ITS SACR$ TASK TO BE ! DEF5SE ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,WORK+ ,PEASANTRY AGA9/ ! ATTEMPTS ( ! ,LORD ,COMMISS>S TO H>NESS TO !IR COLL> ! WORK+ PEASANTRY ( ! ,UKRA9E4 ,! ,9SURG5T ,>MY WELL KN[S & REMEMB]S ! LA/ COMMISS> -- 0LIB]ATOR04 ,! ,AUTOCRAT ,TROTSKY ORD]$ ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E1 :I* WAS CREAT$ BY ! PEASANTS !MSELVES1 TO DIS>M1 = HE WELL KN[S ?AT :ILE ! PEASANTS HAVE !IR [N >MY1 DEF5D+ !IR 9T]E/S1 HE WILL NEV] SUCCE$ 9 =C+ ! ,UKRA9IAN WORK+ PEOPLE TO DANCE TO HIS TUNE4 ,! ,9SURG5T ,>MY1 NOT WI%+ TO SPILL FRAT]NAL BLOOD1 AVOID+ CLA%ES ) ,R$ ,>MY PEOPLE1 BUT SUBJECT ONLY TO ! WILL ( ! ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE1 WILL /& GU>D OV] ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE & LAY D[N >MS ONLY BY COMM& ( ! FREE WORK+ ,ALL-,UKRA9IAN ,CONGRESS1 9 :I* ! WORK+ PEOPLE !MSELVES WILL EXPRESS !IR WILL4 ,! ,9SURG5T ,>MY1 ! SWORD 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 CALLS ,Y\1 COMRADE PEASANTS1 TO CONV5E QUICKLY Y\R WORK+-M5'S CONGRESS & TO TAKE 9TO Y\R [N H&S BO? ! LONG-RANGE BUILD+ ( Y\R [N =TUNE & Y\R [N WORK+ PEOPLES' WEAL?2 TRUE1 ! P[]-LOV+ COMMISS>S WILL )\T A D\BT TAKE EV]Y MEASURE TO BAN ! FREE WORK+ CONGRESS2 !RE=E1 IT IS 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE !MSELVES NOT TO ALL[ ! COMMISS>S TO SUPPRESS !IR WORK+ CONGRESS2 ?AT IS :Y ! CONGRESS MU/ BE SECRET & 9 A SECRET PLACE4 

,COMRADE ,PEASANTS1 ,PREP>E = Y\R ,CONGRESS6 

,HA/5 TO ,WORK = ,Y\R ,CAUSE6 

,! ,5EMY ,DOES ,NOT ,SLEEP 

,& ,Y\ ,MU/ ,NOT ,SLEEP1 

,9 ,?IS IS ! ,GU>ANTEE ( ,VICTORY6 

,LONG LIVE ! ,REGIONAL ,FREE ,WORK+ ,CONGRESS6 ,D[N ,) ! ,COMMISS>OCRACY6 ,LONG ,LIVE ! ,PEASANT ,9SURG5T ,>MY6  
  

,/AFF ( ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E 7,MAKHNOVI/7  
  

,FEBRU>Y #h1 #a#i#b4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,A ,W,O,R,D ,T,O ,! ,P,E,A,S,A,N,T,S ,& ,W,O,R,K,],S ,( ,! ,U,K,R,A,9,E 

,BRO!R PEASANTS & WORK]S6 ,= MORE ?AN ?REE YE>S Y\ HAVE BE5 5GAG$ 9 A /RUGGLE ) CAPITALISM & ?ANKS TO ,Y\R EF=TS4 ,Y\R /EADFA/NESS & 5]GY1 ,Y\ HAVE BR\<T ?IS /RUGGLE NE>LY TO A CLOSE4 ,! 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION HAVE BE5 EXHAU/$ BY ,Y\R BL[S & ,Y\1 ANTICIPAT+ VICTORY1 GOT READY TO CELEBRATE4 ,Y\ BELIEV$ ?AT ,Y\R UNCEAS+1 (T5 UNEQUAL1 /RUGGLE ) ! 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION1 W\LD GIVE ,Y\ A *ANCE TO PUT 9TO PRACTICE ! FREE SOVIET SY/EM = :I* WE ALL W]E /RIV+4 ,BUT1 BRO!RS1 ,Y\ SEE :O CELEBRATES 9 ,Y\R PLACE4 ,! UN9VIT$ RUL]S >E CELEBRAT+1 ! ,COMMUNI/ HANGM51 :O CAME H]E 9 READ9ESS & ALONG OP5 ROADS :I* HAD BE5 CLE>$ ) ,Y\R BLOOD1 ! BLOOD ( Y\R SONS & BRO!RS :O MAKE UP ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION4 ,!Y SEIZ$ ! WEAL? ( ! C\NTRY4 ,NOT ,Y\1 BUT !Y1 >E 9 *>GE4 ,Y\1 ! PEASANTS & WORK]S1 >E A SUPPORT = !M 9 NAME ONLY2 )\T ,Y\ !Y C\LD NOT CALL !MSELVES A WORK]-PEASANT GOV]NM5T1 C\LD NOT BE NATIONAL MURD]]S & HANGM51 C\LD NOT >BITR>ILY1 9 ! NAME ( P>TY SUPREMACY1 TYRANNIZE ! PEOPLE4 ,! NAME ( ! PEOPLE GIVES !M ?IS RI<T 9 EV]Y?+4 ,& IT IS ONLY = ?IS ?AT !Y NE$ ,Y\1 PEASANTS & WORK]S4 

,9 EV]Y O!R 9/ANCE ,Y\ >E NO?+ TO !M & !Y C]TA9LY DO NOT TAKE ,Y\R OP9ION 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,!Y 5?RALL$1 DRAFT1 COMM& & RULE ,Y\4 ,!Y >E DE/ROY+ ,Y\4 ,& ,Y\1 OPPRESS$1 PATI5TLY BE> ALL ! HORRORS ( EXECUTION1 VIOL5CE & TYRANNY COMMITT$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ HANGM5 & :I* CAN BE ELIM9AT$ ONLY BY ,Y\R REVOLUTION>Y JU/ICE1 ONLY BY ,Y\R JO9T PROTE/ -- A REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+4 ,TO ?IS ,Y\ >E CALL$ BY ,Y\R BRO!RS1 PEASANTS & WORK]S :O1 LIKE ,Y\1 >E DY+ FROM ! BULLETS ( ! ,R$ MURD]]S :O CONFISCATE CATTLE1 GRA9 & O!R PRODUCTS BY =CE & S5D .<!M.> TO ,RUSSIA4 ,!Y -- ,Y\R CLOSE BRO!RS -- 1 BIDD+ F>EWELL TO !IR [N LIVES1 TO ! :OLE BRI<T FUTURE = :I* WE ALL /RIVE1 URGE ,Y\ TO SAVE ! REVOLUTION1 FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE4 ,REMEMB]1 BRO!R PEASANTS & WORK]S1 ?AT IF Y\ DO NOT P]SONALLY EXP]I5CE TOTAL FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE N[1 ,Y\ WILL H5CE=? BE 9CAPABLE ( SETTL+ Y\R [N FATE1 Y\ WILL NOT =GE Y\R [N HAPP9ESS4 ,Y\ WILL NOT BE MA/]S ( ! WEAL? ( ,Y\R C\NTRY OR ! FRUITS ( ,Y\R LABOR4 

,ALL ?IS ! UN9VIT$ RUL]S -- ! ,COMMUNI/-,BOL%EVIK NEWCOM]S -- WILL DO = ,Y\4 ,9 ORD] TO DELIV] !MSELVES FROM !SE UN9VIT$ MA/]S & RUL]S1 ALL ! PEASANTRY & ALL !IR F9E/ 5]GIES MU/ BE DEVOT$ TO ! WORK ( CONV5+ SECRET1 RURAL & REGIONAL PEASANT CONGRESSES1 AT :I* MU/ BE >RANG$ & SETTL$ ! BURN+ QUE/IONS ( ! MOM5T1 :I* >E RAIS$ BY ! IRRESPONSIBILITY & DICTATOR%IP ( !SE B&ITS4 ,9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! C\NTRY1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ! ,UKRA9E1 LET US NOT P]MIT ! C\NTRY TO BE TOTALLY DEVA/AT$ BY !SE UN9VIT$ MA/]S & RUL]S4 ,!RE MU/ BE NO PLACE 9 ! ,UKRA9E = !M OR !IR HIREL+-,R$ MURD]]S1 TYRANNIZ]S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,ALL ! PEASANTS1 LOS+ NOT ONE DAY1 MU/ ORGANIZE !MSELVES ?R\< !IR REGIONAL CONGRESSES4 ,LET US ORGANIZE 9 EA* VILLAGE & HAMLET REGIONAL FI<T+ UNITS2 LET US CREATE A LEAD+ BATTLE ORGAN4 

,ONCE & = ALL REFUSE ANY HELP TO ! ,COMMUNI/ HANGM5 & !IR BASE HIREL+S1 REFUSE BO? FODD] & GRA9 & BREAD4 ,WORK]S 9 !IR TURN1 BO? 9 ! CITIES & 9 VILLAGES1 MU/ REFRA9 FROM JO9+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ! ,*EKAS1 OR ! FOOD REQUISITION+ DETA*M5TS2 MU/ R5\NCE ALL P>TICIPATION 9 ,COMMUNI/ 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! PEOPLE ( ! ,UKRA9E MU/ TELL ! :OLE WORLD BY WORD & DE$3 AWAY ) MURD]]S & HANGM5 BO? :ITE & R$6 ,WE >E MOV+ T[>DS UNIV]SAL GOOD1 LI<T & TRU?1 & Y\R VIOL5CE WILL NOT BE TOL]AT$4 

,LONG LIVE ! 9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]-,PEASANT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION6 

,DEA? TO ALL :ITE GU>DS & COMMISS>S4 ,DEA? TO ALL HANGM56 

,LONG LIVE ! FREE SOVIET SY/EM6  
  

,/AFF ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E 7,MAKHNOVI/7  
  

.<,M>*-,APRIL1 #a#i#b.>  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,:,O ,>,E ,! ,M,A,K,H,N,O,V,I,/,S ,& ,:,A,T ,>,E ,!,Y ,F,I,<,T,+ ,=8 

#a4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S >E PEASANTS & WORK]S :O ROSE AS E>LY AS #aiah AGA9/ ! CO]CION ( ! ,G]MAN-,MAGY>1 ,AU/RIAN & ,HETMAN B\RGEOIS AU?ORITY 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S >E ?OSE WORK+ PEOPLE :O RAIS$ ! BATTLE /&>D AGA9/ ! ,D5IK9I/S & ANY K9D ( OPPRESSION1 VIOL5CE & LIES1 :]EV] !Y ORIG9AT$4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S >E ! V]Y WORK]S BY :OSE LABOR ! B\RGEOISIE 9 G5]AL & N[ ! ,SOVIET B\RGEOISIE 9 P>TICUL> RULES & GR[S RI* & FAT4 

#b4,:,Y ,D,O ,W,E ,C,A,L,L ,\,R,S,E,L,V,E,S ,M,A,K,H,N,O,V,I,/,S8 

,BECAUSE1 FIR/1 9 ! T]RIBLE DAYS ( REACTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 WE SAW 9 \R RANKS AN UNFAIL+ FRI5D & LEAD]1 ,M,A,K,H,N,O1 :OSE VOICE ( PROTE/ AGA9/ ANY K9D ( CO]CION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE RANG \T 9 ALL ! ,UKRA9E1 CALL+ = A BATTLE AGA9/ ALL OPPRESSORS1 PILLAG]S & POLITICAL *>LATANS :O BETRAY US2 & :O .<,MAKHNO.> IS N[ M>*+ TOGE!R ) US 9 \R COMMON RANKS UNWAV]+LY T[>D ! F9AL GOAL3 LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE FROM ANY K9D ( OPPRESSION4 

#c4,:,A,T ,D,O ,W,E ,S,E,E ,A,S ,! ,B,A,S,I,S ,( ,L,I,B,],A,T,I,O,N8 

,! OV]?R[ ( ! MON>*I/1 COALITION1 REPUBLICAN & SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ,COMMUNI/-,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY GOV]NM5TS4 ,9 !IR PLACE MU/ BE SUB/ITUT$ ! FREE & COMPLETELY 9DEP5D5T SOVIET SY/EM ( WORK+ PEOPLE )\T AU?ORITIES & !IR >BITR>Y LAWS4 ,! SOVIET SY/EM IS NOT ! P[] ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ,COMMUNI/-,BOL%EVIKS :O N[ CALL !MSELVES A SOVIET P[]2 RA!R IT IS ! SUPREME =M ( NON-AU?ORIT>IAN1 ANTI-/ATE SOCIALISM1 :I* EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( A FREE1 HAPPY & 9DEP5D5T SY/EM ( SOCIAL LIFE = ! WORK+ PEOPLE2 9 :I* EA* WORK] TAK5 1 SEP>ATELY1 & SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 WILL BE ABLE TO BUILD TD )\T ASSI/ANCE HIS [N HAPP9ESS & WELL-BE+ ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( SOLID>ITY1 FRI5D%IP & EQUALITY4 

#d4 ,H,[ ,D,O ,! ,M,A,K,H,N,O,V,I,/,S ,U,N,D,],/,& ,! ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,S,Y,/,E,M8 

,! WORK+ PEOPLE !MSELVES MU/ FREELY *OOSE !IR [N ,SOVIETS1 :I* WILL C>RY \T ! WILL & DESIRES ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE !MSELVES1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ,A,D,M,9,I,/,R,A,T,I,V,E1 NOT RUL+1 ,SOVIETS4 

,! L&1 ! FACTORIES1 ! WORK%OPS1 ! M9ES1 ! RAILROADS & ! O!R WEAL? ( ! PEOPLE MU/ BELONG TO ! WORK+ PEOPLE !MSELVES1 TO ?OSE :O WORK 9 !M1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 !Y MU/ BE SOCIALIZ$4 

#e4 ,:,A,T ,R,O,A,D ,L,E,A,D,S ,T,O ,! ,A,*,I,E,V,E,M,5,T ,( ,! ,M,A,K,H,N,O,V,I,/ ,G,O,A,L,S8 

,AN IMPLACABLE REVOLUTION & CONSI/5T /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL LIES1 >BITR>9ESS & CO]CION1 :]EV] !Y COME FROM1 A /RUGGLE TO ! DEA?1 A /RUGGLE = FREE SPEE*1 = ! RI<TE\S CAUSE1 A /RUGGLE ) WEAPONS 9 H&4 ,ONLY ?R\< ! ABOLITION ( ALL RUL]S1 ?R\< ! DE/RUCTION ( ! :OLE F\NDATION ( !IR LIES1 9 /ATE AFFAIRS AS WELL AS 9 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC AFFAIRS4 ,& ONLY ?R\< ! DE/RUCTION ( ! /ATE BY MEANS ( A SOCIAL REVOLUTION CAN ! G5U9E ,WORK]-,PEASANT SOVIET SY/EM BE REALIZ$ & CAN WE >RIVE AT ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,S,M4  
  

,CULTURAL-,$UCATIONAL ,SECTION ( ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY 7,MAKHNOVI/74  
  

,APRIL #b#g1 #a#i#b4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,C,O,M,R,A,D,E,S ,9 ,! ,R,$ ,>,M,Y ,O,N ,! ,F,R,O,N,T ,L,9,E ,& ,9 ,! ,H,O,M,E ,G,U,>,D6 

,! PEOPLE ( ! ,UKRA9E1 OPPRESS$ BY ,Y\R COMM&]S & COMMISS>S1 & SOMETIMES EV5 DIRECTLY BY ,Y\ UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( !SE ,COMM&]S & ,COMMISS>S1 PROTE/ AGA9/ SU* CO]CION3 !Y WAIT$ = ,Y\ AS ! LIB]ATORS ( ! WORK+ MASSES FROM ! YOKE ( ! ,D5IK9I/ GANG ( HANGM52 BUT AFT] ,Y\R >RIVAL 9 ! ,UKRA9E ! GROANS1 WEEP+ & WAILS ( ! SUFF]+ PEOPLE GREW /ILL L\D]4 ,EXECUTIONS EV]Y:]E1 ! BURN+ ( PEASANTS' HUTS & EV5 VILLAGES1 EV]Y:]E PILLAGE & VIOL5CE4 

,! PEOPLE HAVE BE5 EXHAU/$ & HAVE NO MORE /R5G? TO 5DURE SU* >BITR>9ESS2 GIV+ ADVANCE NOTICE1 !Y >E ASK+ ,Y\3 WILL Y\ /OP 9 ! FACE ( !SE NI<TM>ES & REALIZE :OM1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,Y\R COMM&]S & COMMISS>S1 ,Y\ >E %OOT+8 ,:O >E Y\ PACK+ 9TO ! PRISONS & CELL>S8 ,IS IT NOT ,Y\R BRO!RS1 FA!RS & *ILDR58 ,( C\RSE IT IS4 ,Y\ DO ?IS OBLIVI\S TO H[ ! (FIC]S & G5]ALS ( ! OLD REGIME1 PR(IT+ BY !IR FRE$OM & ,Y\R BL9DNESS1 RECL9E 9 S(T EASY *AIRS & ORD] ,Y\ TO MOCK ! POOR PEOPLE4 ,& ,Y\1 COMRADES1 )\T A MOM5T'S HESITATION1 BL9DLY C>RY \T !SE ORD]S4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE Y\ DO NOT NOTICE ?AT !Y >E SETT+ Y\ ON ! POOR PEOPLE1 CALL+ !M C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y BECAUSE !Y PROTE/ ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,TROTSKY'S MA/]S & HIS GANG ( COMMUNI/ ACCOMPLICES :O >E SMO!R+ ! REVOLUTION 9 ! NAME ( P>TY P[]8 ,IS IT POSSIBLE Y\ DO NOT SEE ?AT ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANT CANNOT TOL]ATE HIS YOKE &1 9 SPITE ( EXECUTIONS1 IS /&+ UP = HIMSELF1 DE/ROY+ EV]Y OB/ACLE & HURRY+ TO LEAD ! PROJECT ( LIB]ATION TO A CONCLUSION8 ,& HE BELIEVES ?AT AMONG ,Y\1 :O >E 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY1 ! MAJORITY >E HIS BRO!RS1 PEASANTS ! SAME AS HE1 :O >E OPPRESS$ ! SAME AS HE1 & :O1 9 ! F9AL RECKON+1 WILL TAKE UP HIS PROTE/ & JO9 ) HIM AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY3 ! ,D5IK9I/ GANGS ( ! RI<T AS WELL AS ! COMMISS>OCRACY ( ! LEFT :I* CLO!S ITSELF 9 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE4 

,COMRADES1 SEE = Y\RSELVES1 !Y >E CREAT+ ,*EKAS & PUNITIVE DETA*M5TS 9 ,BELORUSSIA & P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,& :O IS HELP+ !M8 ,Y\1 ,R$ ,>MY M51 & ONLY ,Y\4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT Y\R HE>TS DO NOT BLE$ UPON HE>+ ! GROANS & CRIES ( ,Y\R BRO!RS1 FA!RS1 MO!RS & *ILDR58 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT ?OSE ILLUSORY POLITICAL FRE$OMS HAVE DECEIV$ Y\ TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT Y\ >E TOO WEAK TO OV]COME ! AU?ORITY ( ! COMMISS>S & JO9 ) ! PEASANTS & WORK]S 9 FREE+ !MSELVES & ALL ! PEOPLE FROM OPPRESSION & VIOL5CE8 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ,Y\ DO NOT4 NOTICE 9 ,Y\R RANKS ?OSE :O1 [+ TO ,Y\R BLOOD & LIVES1 HAVE RIS5 OV] ,Y\1 HAVE TAK5 P[] = !MSELVES & ?US REALLY DISGRACEFULLY TYRANNIZE ! PEOPLE8 ,IS IT POSSIBLE Y\R HE>TS >E NOT WRUNG :51 UND] ! COMM& ( !SE TYRANTS1 ,Y\ GO TO ! VILLAGES & HAMLETS TO PUNI% ! WORK+ PEOPLE :O >E PROTE/+ ! DOM9ATION ( Y\R LEAD]S8 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ,Y\ WILL COME TO Y\R S5SES & CAT* UP1 ?AT ,Y\R %AME IS 9 SIL5CE4 ,Y\ WILL RAISE A PROTE/ AGA9/ ! VIOL5CE & OPPRESSION ( ! POOR PEOPLE4 ,Y\ WILL NOT P]MIT ,Y\R COMMISS>S & COMM&]S TO BURN ! VILLAGES & HAMLETS & TO %OOT ! PEASANTS :O ROSE = !IR RI<TS4 ,LET ! PEASANTS >RANGE !IR LIVES !MSELVES1 AS !Y WI%1 & ,Y\ CONT9UE TO CRU% ! ,D5IK9I/ GANGS1 & ALONG ) !M ! COMMISS>-RUL]S4 ,DO NOT LEAVE ! FRONT2 CONT9UE ! BATTLE AGA9/ ?OSE :O WE> ! GOLD %\LD] /RAPS2 DO AWAY ) Y\R COMMISS>S ON ! SPOT4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS & WORK]S >E WIP+ \T ! LOAF]S 9 !IR RANKS 9 ! RE>1 ?OSE :O >E BURD5+ & 5SLAV+ !M4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS & WORK]S WILL NOT =GET ,Y\ & ! DAY WILL COME :5 !Y WILL ALL1 AS ONE1 CLOSE RANKS ) ,Y\1 & WOE TO ALL P>ASITES & !IR HELP]S1 ALL ?OSE :O WEI< UPON !M FROM )\T AS WELL AS ?OSE :O >BITR>ILY RULE OV] !M 9 ! RE>4 

,REMEMB] COMRADES1 ! PEOPLE HAVE RECOGNIZ$ ! DECEIT ( ! GOV]NM5T BE+ MA9TA9$ BY ,Y\4 ,! PEOPLE WILL RISE AGA9/ IT & NO >MY WILL )/& ! MASSES :O HAVE CONSCI\SLY RIS51 :O >E FI<T+ = TOTAL LIB]ATION4 ,JO9 ) !M2 !Y 9VITE Y\ AS !IR [N BRO!RS4 ,REMEMB] ?AT AMONG ?OSE :O HAVE RIS5 >E ,Y\R BRO!R-PEASANTS & WORK]S & UPON MEET+ !M DO NOT P]PETRATE A SLAU<T]4 ,LET ! COMMISS>S & COMM&]S FACE ! REBELS !MSELVES4 

,LET !M /A9 !MSELVES ) ! BLOOD ( ! PEASANTS & WORK]S2 ALL ! GUILT IS ON !M & !Y WILL PAY DE>LY = IT4 

,D[N ) ! GOLD-%\LD]-/RAP GANG6 ,D[N ) !IR GODFA!RS ! COMMISS>OCRATS6 ,D[N ) MAN-MADE LAWS & ! P[] ( MAN OV] MAN6 

,LONG LIVE ! UNIFICATION ( ALL ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ! ,R$ ,>MY & ! REBELLI\S PEASANTS & WORK]S6 ,DEA? TO ALL :O WE> ! GOLD %\LD] /RAPS6 ,DEA? TO ALL COMMISS>S & HANGM56 

,LONG LIVE ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION6 

,LONG LIVE ! G5U9E1 FREE SOVIET SY/EM6  
  

,/AFF ( ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E 7,MAKHNOVI/74  
  

,MAY #i1 #a#i#b4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,D,[,N ,) ,F,R,A,T,R,I,C,I,D,E6 

,BRO!RS 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY6 ,! /OOGES ( ,NI*OLAS KEPT Y\ 9 ! D>K & ORD]$ Y\ TO FRATRICIDAL W> ) ! ,JAPANESE & !N ) ! ,G]MANS & ) MANY O!R PEOPLES = ! SAKE ( 9CREAS+ !IR [N WEAL?2 TO Y\R LOT FELL DEA? AT ! FRONT & COMPLETE RU9 AT HOME4 

,BUT ! /ORM CL\D & ! FOG1 ?R\< :I* ,Y\ C\LD SEE NO?+1 LIFT$2 ! SUN BEGAN TO %9E2 ,Y\ UND]/OOD & W]E F9I%$ ) FRATRICIDAL W>4 ,BUT IT WAS ! CALM BE=E A NEW /ORM4 ,N[ ONCE AGA9 Y\ >E BE+ S5T TO FI<T1 AGA9/ US1 09SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S10 9 ! NAME1 SUPPOS$LY1 ( A 0WORK]-PEASANT0 AU?ORITY1 :I* IS ONCE AGA9 DISP5S+ *A9S & SLAV]Y TO ,Y\ & RI*ES & JOYS TO ?IS HORDE ( A MILLION BUREAUCRATIC P>ASITES1 CREAT$ ) ,Y\R BLOOD4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT 9 ! C\RSE ( ?REE YE>S ( FRATRICIDAL W> Y\ HAVE /ILL TO ?IS DAY FAIL$ TO UND]/& ?IS8 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT EV5 N[ ,Y\ WILL %$ Y\R BLOOD = ! NEWLY MADE B\RGEOISIE & = ALL ! HALF-BAK$ COMMISS>S :O S5D ,Y\ TO W> LIKE CATTLE8 

,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT Y\ /ILL1 TO ?IS DAY1 HAVE FAIL$ TO UND]/& ?AT WE1 ! 09SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S10 >E FI<T+ = ,T,O,T,A,L ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,C ,& ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,E,M,A,N,C,I,P,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,W,O,R,K,+ ,P,E,O,P,L,E1 = A FREE LIFE )\T ANY ( !SE AU?ORIT>IAN COMMISS>S1 *EKI/S1 ETC48 

,LET DAY BREAK 9 ,Y\R CAMP & %[ ,Y\ ! PA? :I* LEADS TO ! ABOLITION ( FRATRICIDAL W>S BETWE5 WORK+ PEOPLES4 ,BY ?IS PA? Y\ WILL REA* US & 9 \R RANKS Y\ WILL CONT9UE TO FI<T = A BETT] FUTURE1 = A FREE LIFE4 ,BE=E EA* 5C\NT] ) US1 9 ORD] TO AVOID %$D+ BRO!RLY BLOOD1 S5D US A DELEGATE = NEGOTIATIONS2 BUT IF ?IS DOES NOT WORK & ! COMMISS>S =CE ,Y\ TO FI<T AFT] ALL1 ?R[ D[N ! RIFLES & COME TO \R BRO!RLY EMBRACE6 

,D[N ) FRATRICIDAL W> AMONG ! WORK+ PEOPLE6 

,LONG LIVE PEACE & ! BRO!RLY UNION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLES ( ALL C\NTRIES & NATIONALITIES6  
  

,9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S  
  

.<,MAY1 #a#i#b.>  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,T,O ,A,L,L ,W,O,R,K,],S ,( ,! ,P,L,[ ,& ,! ,H,A,M,M,]6 

,BRO!RS6 ,A NEW & MORTAL DANG] IS APPROA*+ ALL WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,ALL ! D>K =CES ?AT S]V$ ! BLOODY ,NI*OLAS HAVE UNIT$ ) ! HELP ( ! ,POLI% L&LORDS1 ! ,FR5* 9/RUCTORS & ! TRAITORS ( ! ,PETLIURI/ MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E 9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% AN AUTOCRACY OV] US1 TO BURD5 US ) L&LORDS1 CAPITALI/S1 ,ZEM/VO LEAD]S1 POLICEM5 & O!R HANGM5 ( ! PEASANTS & WORK]S4 

,COMRADES6 ,! COMMISS>S & BOSSES ( ! ,COMMUNI/-,BOL%EVIKS >E GOOD FI<T]S ONLY AGA9/ ! POOR & OPPRESS$4 ,!IR PUNITIVE DETA*M5TS & ,*EKAS CAN SPL5DIDLY %OOT PEASANTS & WORK]S & BURN D[N VILLAGES & HAMLETS4 ,BUT AGA9/ ! TRUE 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION1 BE=E ! ,D5IK9I/S & O!R GANGS1 !Y FLEE %AMEFULLY1 LIKE MIS]ABLE C[>DS4 

,Y\1 COMRADES1 HAVE NOT YET =GOTT5 H[ LA/ YE> ! GOLD %\LD] /RAPS CAME CLOSE TO 5T]+ ,MOSC[ & IF IT W]E NOT = ! 9SURG5TS1 ! ?REE-COLOR$ FLAG ( ! AUTOCRACY W\LD LONG S9CE HAVE WAV$ OV] ,REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA4 

,SO ALSO N[1 COMRADES6 ,! ,R$ ,>MY1 :I* IS BE+ SOLD \T EV]Y /EP ( ! WAY BY ITS [N G5]ALS & C[>DLY COMMISS>S1 IS FLEE+ ! FRONT 9 PANIC & SURR5D]+ REGION AFT] REGION TO ! ,POLI% L&LORDS4 ,ZHITOMIR1 ,KIEV & ,ZHM]9KA HAVE LONG BE5 OCCUPI$ BY ! ,POLES2 ! :ITE GU>D FRONT IS APPROA*+ ,POLTAVA & ,KH]SON4 ,&1 9 ! ,CRIMEA1 ! ,D5IK9I/S HAVE BE5 WAIT+ = ! LA/ ?REE MON?S = AN OPPORTUNE MOM5T TO ONCE AGA9 OCCUPY \R [N T]RITORY4 

,BRO!RS6 ,IS IT POSSIBLE Y\ WILL QUIETLY AWAIT ! APPROA* ( ! :ITES &1 CROSS+ Y\R >MS1 H& OV] Y\RSELVES1 Y\R WIVES & *ILDR51 TO BE TORN AP>T BY ! G5]ALS & L&LORDS8 

,NO1 ?IS MU/ NOT HAPP54 

,ALL1 AS ONE1 9 >MS & 9 ! RANKS ( ! 9SURG5TS4 

,TOGE!R ) US1 ! ,9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S1 RISE AGA9/ ALL TYRANTS4 ,9 EV]Y HAMLET SET UP DETA*M5TS & JO9 ) US4 ,TOGE!R WE >E DRIV+ \T ! COMMISS>S & ! ,*EKAS & TOGE!R ) ! COMRADE ,R$ ,>MY M5 WE WILL BUILD AN IRON BATTLE FRONT AGA9/ ,D5IK91 ,PETLIURA & ! ,POLI% L&LORDS4 

,COMRADES6 ,TIME DOES NOT WAIT2 PUT Y\R DETA*M5TS TOGE!R IMM$IATELY4 

,= ! CAUSE6 

,DEA? & DE/RUCTION TO ALL TYRANTS & L&LORDS6 

,LET US BEG9 ! LA/ & F9AL BATTLE = A G5U9E1 FREE SOVIET SY/EM :]E !RE WILL BE NEI!R L&LORDS NOR MA/]S6 

,TO >MS1 ,BRO!RS6  
  

,CULTURAL-,$UCATIONAL ,SECTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5TS ( ! ,UKRA9E 7,MAKHNOVI/7  
  

,MAY1 #a#i#b4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,T,O ,! ,Y,\,N,G ,P,E,O,P,L,E 

,:Y1 COMRADES1 >E Y\ SITT+ AT HOME8 ,:Y >E Y\ NOT 9 \R RANKS8 

,OR >E Y\ WAIT+ = ! >RIVAL ( ! COMMISS>S ) PUNITIVE DETA*M5TS TO DRAFT Y\ BY =CE8 ,DON'T FOOL Y\RSELVES ?AT !Y WON'T F9D Y\1 ?AT Y\ WILL HIDE1 ESCAPE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITY HAS ALREADY %[N ?AT IT WILL /OP AT NO?+3 !Y WILL >RE/ Y\R FAMILY & RELATIVES1 !Y WILL TAKE HO/AGES1 IF NECESS>Y1 !Y WILL FIRE UPON ! 5TIRE VILLAGE ) >TILL]Y -- & 9 SOME WAY OR ANO!R1 Y\ & Y\R COMRADES1 :O >E PRES5TLY /ILL AT LIB]TY1 WILL SOON] OR LAT] BE DRAFT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 

,& !N !Y WILL S5D Y\1 ) WEAPONS 9 H&1 TO KILL Y\R BRO!R PEASANTS & WORK]S -- ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S4 

,WE1 ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS1 >E NOT SITT+ AT HOME1 AL?\< EA* ONE ( US ALSO HAS A FAMILY & RELATIVES & LOV$ ONES FROM :OM WE DO NOT WI% TO BE SEP>AT$4 ,BUT WE >E REVOLUTION>IES4 ,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE = US TO LOOK ON 9DIFF]5TLY AS ! WORK+ PEOPLE >E ONCE AGA9 ?R[N 9TO SLAV]Y1 AS NEW DESPOTS LORD IT OV] US1 UN*ECK$1 UND] ! MASK ( ! SOCIALI/-COMMUNI/S1 UND] ! BANN] ( WORK]-PEASANT AU?ORITY4 ,?REE YE>S ( REVOLUTION HAVE CLE>LY %[N ?AT EV]Y AU?ORITY IS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 )\T EXCEPTION1 :E!R IT BE ! AU?ORITY ( ,BLOODY ,NI*OLAS OR ( ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/S4 ,WE ,MAKHNOVI/S RAISE ! BANN] ( REVOLT = A TOTAL SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION1 AGA9/ EV]Y AU?ORITY1 AGA9/ EV]Y OPPRESSOR2 WE >E FI<T+ = ! FREE ,SOVIETS ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 

,FOLL[ US1 COMRADES6 ,LET ! FA9!>T$ SELF-SEEK] & C[>D REMA9 AT HOME NE> SOMEONE'S SKIRTS -- WE DO NOT NE$ SISSIES4 ,BUT Y\1 HONE/ PEASANTS & WORK]S1 Y\R PLACE IS ) US1 AMONG ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,WE WILL TAKE NO ONE BY =CE4 ,BUT REMEMB]3 ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T1 ?R\< ITS [N BRUTAL VIOL5CE TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 COMPELS US ALSO TO M]CILESS BATTLE4 

,& SO1 DECIDE1 COMRADES6 ,DRAFT$ BY ! COMMISS>S1 Y\ WILL BE S5T AGA9/ US1 & WE WILL BE COMPELL$ TO TREAT Y\ AS HO/ILE & AN 5EMY ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,) US OR AGA9/ US -- *OOSE6  
  

,9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S  
  

,JUNE1 #a#i#b4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,A ,W,O,R,D ,F,R,O,M ,! ,M,A,K,H,N,O,V,I,/,S ,T,O ,! ,L,A,B,O,R,+ ,C,O,S,S,A,C,K,S ,( ,! ,D,O,N ,& ,! ,K,U,B,A,N 

,COMRADE LABOR+ ,COSSACKS6 ,= TWO YE>S Y\ LANGUI%$ UND] ! OPPRESSION ( ! ,CZ>I/ G5]AL ,D5IK94 ,= TWO YE>S Y\R DEADLY 5EMIES1 ! POME%*IKS & B>ONS1 =C$ Y\ TO DEF5D ! 9T]E/S ( ! RI*1 ! OPPRESSORS ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,= TWO SUCCESSIVE YE>S Y\ W]E =C$ TO KNUCKLE UND]1 & BY Y\R [N SWEAT & BLOOD ! RI* MADE !MSELVES RI*]1 FEA/$ & L$ DEPRAV$ LIVES4 ,= TWO YE>S 9 ! REGION ( ! ,DON & ! ,KUBAN ! TE>S & BLOOD ( ! WORK]S ( ! PL[ & HAMM] FL[$4 ,= TWO SUCCESSIVE YE>S1 LABOR+ COSSACKS1 ! REVOLUTION WAS /IFL$ 9 Y\R L&4 

,BUT ?R\< Y\R EF=TS1 COMRADES1 ! YOKE ( ,D5IK9 & HIS COMM&]S WAS ?R[N (F & 9 ! ,DON & ! ,KUBAN ! REVOLUTION TRIUMPH$ ONCE AGA94 

,H[EV]1 COMRADES1 BE=E Y\ HAD TIME TO RECOV] FROM ! NI<TM>I% EXP]I5CE ( ,D5IK91 A NEW OPPRESSOR APPE>$ 9 Y\R L&4 ,! ,COMMUNI/-,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 SEIZ+ P[]1 S5T !IR [N COMMISS>S & *EKAS TO Y\R VILLAGES2 !Y RIDICULE Y\1 LABOR+ COSSACKS1 AS MU* AS ! ,CZ>I/ ?UGS DID4 

,AS 9 ! TIME ( ,D5IK91 PUNITIVE DETA*M5TS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITY TAKE AWAY Y\R BREAD & CATTLE & PICK UP Y\R SONS2 & IF Y\ TRY TO PROTE/ ! VIOL5CE P]PETRAT$ UPON Y\1 !Y FLOG Y\1 IMPRISON Y\1 & EV5 %OOT Y\4 

,IS ?IS ! REASON1 COMRADE LABOR+ COSSACKS1 ?AT Y\ ROSE AGA9/ ,D5IK91 TO TAKE ON A NEW YOKE N[ 9 ! =M ( ! ,COMMUNI/-,BOL%EVIKS8 ,IS ?IS :AT Y\ %$ Y\R BLOOD =1 TO P]MIT ! COMMISS>S & LOV]S ( P[] TO RULE OV] Y\ N[1 TO SUPPRESS & CO]CE Y\8 

,LI/5 WELL1 BRO!RS1 TO :AT WE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANT-,MAKHNOVI/S1 TELL Y\4 ,WE W]E ALSO OPPRESS$ AFT] ! REVOLUTION BY A :OLE S]IES ( AU?ORITIES & P>TIES4 ,FIR/ ! ,AU/RIAN & ,G]MAN AU?ORITY1 ALONG ) ! ,HETMAN1 TRI$ TO RULE OV] US1 !N ! ADV5TURI/ ,PETLIURA1 !N ! ,COMMUNI/-,BOL%EVIKS1 & ALSO ,G5]AL ,D5IK94 ,BUT WE V]Y QUICKLY DISC\RAG$ !M 9 ORD] TO CONT9UE \R [N PROJECT &1 AS Y\ PROBABLY HE>D1 AS E>LY AS ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#h1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE PEASANTS & O!R WORK+ PEOPLE1 & ( ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 :OM ! ,CZ>I/ AU?ORITY IMPRISON$ = OV] T5 YE>S = HIS LOVE ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 WE ROSE & DROVE (F ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN B&S1 & AFT] ?AT1 = ! LA/ TWO YE>S WE HAVE CONT9U$ TO FI<T AGA9/ ALL OPPRESSORS ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,WE >E N[ 5GAG$ 9 A M]CILESS BATTLE AGA9/ ! AG5TS & COMMISS>S ( ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITY1 KILL+ !M & DRIV+ !SE TYRANTS FROM \R REGIONS4 

,! RANKS ( \R REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5T DETA*M5TS >E GR[+ DAILY4 ,ALL ! OPPRESS$ & AGGRIEV$ >E JO9+ \R RANKS & ! TIME IS NE> :5 ALL ! WORK+ PEOPLE 9 \R REGION WILL RISE & EXPEL ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK POLITICAL *>LATANS1 JU/ AS !Y EXPELL$ ,D5IK94 

,H[EV]1 ONCE ! ,BOL%EVIK TYRANTS >E EXPELL$1 WE HAVE NO 9T5TION ( GIV+ ANYONE :ATSOEV] AU?ORITY OV] US BECAUSE WE ,MAKHNOVI/S REALIZE ?AT ! WORK+ PEOPLE >E NO LONG] A FLOCK ( %EEP TO BE ORD]$ AB\T BY ANYONE4 ,WE CONSID] ! WORK+ PEOPLE CAPABLE ( BUILD+1 ON !IR [N & )\T P>TIES1 COMMISS>S OR G5]ALS1 !IR [N ,F,R,E,E ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,S,Y,/,E,M1 9 :I* ?OSE :O >E ELECT$ TO ! ,SOVIET WILL NOT1 AS N[1 COMM& & ORD] US1 BUT ON ! CONTR>Y1 WILL BE ONLY ! EXECUTORS ( ! DECISIONS MADE 9 \R WORK]S' GA!R+S & CONF]5CES4 ,WE WILL /RIVE = ?IS1 SO ?AT ALL ! WEAL? ( ! C\NTRY1 ?AT IS1 ! L&1 ! M9ES1 ! FACTORIES1 ! WORK%OPS1 ! RAILROADS1 & SO ON1 WILL BELONG NEI!R TO 9DIVIDUALS NOR TO ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT SOLELY TO ?OSE :O WORK ) !M4 ,WE WILL NOT LAY D[N \R >MS UNTIL WE HAVE WIP$ \T ONCE & = ALL EV]Y POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OPPRESSION & UNTIL G5U9E EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD IS E/ABLI%$ 9 ! L&4 

,?IS1 COMRADES1 IS :AT WE >E FI<T+ = & :AT WE >E ASK+ Y\1 ! LABOR+ COSSACKS ( ! ,DON & ,KUBAN1 TO FI<T =4 

,9 \R 9SURG5T >MY !RE W]E QUITE A FEW COSSACKS ( ! ,DON & ,KUBAN2 !Y =M$ TWO CAVALRY REGIM5TS :I* BRAVELY & SELFLESSLY F\<T TOGE!R ) US AGA9/ ! ,D5IK9I/S4 ,N[ WE >E CALL+ Y\1 ! LABOR+ COSSACKS1 TO \R 9SURG5T RANKS = ! JO9T /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! TYRANTS & ,R$ HANGM51 ,TROTSKY & ,L594 ,! SLAVES HAVE OBEY$ & SUFF]$ LONG 5\< ! YOKE ( ?OSE :O CALL !MSELVES ! WORK]-PEASANT AU?ORITY4 ,TO >MS & 9TO ! RANKS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS & !N WE WILL QUICKLY PUT AN 5D TO ! PLANS ( ?OSE :O WANT$ TO OPPRESS & BURD5 US4 

,COMRADES1 DO NOT BELIEVE ! RUMOR ?AT SAYS WE >E B&ITS & A SMALL GR\P4 ,IT IS A LIE SPREAD BY ! COMMISS>S SOLELY TO CONFUSE ! WORK]-PEASANT FOLK2 ! WORK+ PEOPLE KN[ ?AT ! ,MAKHNOVI/S >E HONE/ LABOR]S :O1 NOT WANT+ TO C>RY A BURD51 ROSE 9 ORD] TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES ONCE & = ALL FROM EV]Y OPPRESSION4 ,DO NOT BELIEVE ! ,BOL%EVIK PAP]S1 :I* WRITE NE>LY EV]Y DAY ?AT ,BATKO ,MAKHNO IS DEAD & WE ,MAKHNOVI/S SMA%$4 ,IT IS NOT TRUE4 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO LIVES & TOGE!R ) US DAILY DEFEATS REGIM5TS & PUNITIVE DETA*M5TS ( ! COMMISS> AU?ORITY & CAUSES A MORTAL PANIC 9 ! ,R$ OPPRESSORS4 

,RISE1 LABOR+ COSSACKS1 AGA9/ ! OPPRESSION & CO]CION ( ! COMMISS>S4 ,DO NOT TOL]ATE !M 9 Y\R VILLAGES4 ,DO NOT PAY TAXES TO !M4 ,DO NOT GIVE !M BREAD4 ,DO NOT GIVE Y\R SONS TO BE SOLDI]S4 ,ORGANIZE Y\R [N 9SURG5T DETA*M5TS4 ,KILL ! OPPRESSORS4 ,UNITE ) US4 ,WE WILL GIVE Y\ EV]Y POSSIBLE ASSI/ANCE4 

,! SLAVES HAVE 5DUR$ 5\<6 ,IT IS 5\< ?AT WE HAVE BE5 MOCK$ 9 EV]Y POSSIBLE MANN]6 

,LONG LIVE ! RIS+ = A G5U9E WORK]-PEASANT SOVIET SY/EM6 

,LONG LIVE ! FREE ,DON & ,KUBAN6 

,LONG LIVE ! BRO!RLY UNION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ALL C\NTRIES & NATIONALITIES6 

,LONG LIVE ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION6  
  

,C\NCIL ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5TS ( ! ,UKRA9E 7,MAKHNOVI/7  
  

,JUNE1 #a#i#b4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,C,O,M,R,A,D,E,S ,9 ,! ,R,$ ,>,M,Y6 

,Y\R COMM&]S & COMMISS>S >E FRI<T5+ & CONV9C+ Y\ ?AT WE ,MAKHNOVI/S >E MURD]+ CAPTUR$ ,R$ ,>MY M54 

,COMRADES6 ,?IS 9FAM\S LIE HAS BE5 CONCOCT$ BY Y\R LEAD]S ONLY SO ?AT Y\1 LIKE SLAVES1 W\LD DEF5D ! 9T]E/S ( ! COMMISS>S1 SO ?AT Y\ W\LD NOT LET Y\RSELVES BE TAK5 PRISON] BY US ,MAKHNOVI/S & SO Y\ W\LD NOT LE>N ! TRU? AB\T \R WORK]-PEASANT ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T4 

,WE1 COMRADES1 HAVE RIS5 AGA9/ ! OPPRESSION ( ALL TYRANTS4 ,= ?REE YE>S \R BLOOD HAS BE5 FL[+ ON ALL FRONTS4 ,WE DROVE \T ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN TYRANTS1 SMA%$ ! ,D5IK9I/ HANGM51 F\<T AGA9/ ,PETLIURA2 N[ WE >E FI<T+ ! DOM9ATION ( ! COMMISS> AU?ORITY1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY3 IT HAS LAID ITS IRON H& ON ! 5TIRE LIFE ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE2 ! PEASANTS & WORK]S ( ! ,UKRA9E >E GROAN+ UND] ITS YOKE4 ,WE WILL ALSO M]CILESSLY EXT]M9ATE ! ,POLI% L&LORDS :O COME TO /IFLE \R REVOLUTION & TO DEPRIVE US ( ITS A*IEVEM5TS4 

,WE >E FI<T+ AGA9/ ALL AU?ORITY & OPPRESSION1 NO MATT] :AT ITS ORIG94 ,\R DEADLY1 IMPLACABLE 5EMIES >E ! L&LORDS & CAPITALI/S ( ALL NATIONALITIES1 ! ,D5IK9-I/ G5]ALS & (FIC]S1 ! ,POLI% L&LORDS & ,BOL%EVIK COMMISS>S4 ,WE >E PUNI%+ & KILL+ !M ALL M]CILESSLY AS 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 

,BUT WE CONSID] Y\1 COMRADES 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY1 \R BLOOD BRO!RS1 TOGE!R ) :OM WE W\LD LIKE TO C>RY ON ! /RUGGLE = G5U9E LIB]ATION1 = ! TRUE SOVIET SY/EM )\T ! PRESSURE ( P>TIES OR AU?ORITIES4 

,CAPTUR$ ,R$ ,>MY M5 >E IMM$IATELY SET FREE :]EV] !Y *OOSE1 OR WE 9VITE !M 9TO \R RANKS IF !Y CONS5T TO ?IS4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY FRE$ ?\S&S ( ,R$ ,>MY M5 CAPTUR$ 9 NUM]\S BATTLES & MANY ( ! PRISON]S >E N[ SELFLESSLY FI<T+ 9 \R RANKS4 

,SO DO NOT BELIEVE1 COMRADE ,R$ ,>MY M51 Y\R COMM&]S' COCK & BULL /ORIES ?AT ! ,MAKHNOVI/S >E MURD]+ ,R$ ,>MY M54 ,IT'S AN 9FAM\S LIE4 

,:5 !Y S5D Y\ TO FI<T AGA9/ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 DO NOT /EEP Y\R H&S1 COMRADES ( ! ,R$ ,>MY1 9 FRAT]NAL BLOOD4 ,:5 ! FI<T BEG9S1 KILL Y\R LEAD]S Y\RSELVES &1 )\T US+ Y\R WEAPONS1 COME OV] TO US4 ,WE WILL GREET Y\ AS \R [N BRO!RS & TOGE!R WE WILL CREATE A FREE & JU/ LIFE = ! WORK]S & PEASANTS & WILL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL TYRANTS & OPPRESSORS ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 

,LONG LIVE ! ,BRO!RLY UNION ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S ) ! ,PEASANT & ,WORK] ,R$ ,>MY ,M56  
  

,9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S  
  

,JUNE1 #a#i#b4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,P,A,U,S,E6 ,R,E,A,D6 ,C,O,N,S,I,D,]6 

,COMRADE 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY6 ,Y\ W]E S5T BY Y\R COMMISS>S & COMM&]S TO CAPTURE ! 9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,FOLL[+ ORD]S FROM Y\R *IEFS1 Y\ WILL DE/ROY PEACEFUL VILLAGES1 SE>*1 >RE/ & KILL PEOPLE Y\ DON'T KN[ BUT :OM !Y HAVE PO9T$ \T TO Y\ AS 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,!Y TELL Y\ ?AT ! ,MAKHNOVI/S >E B&ITS & C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES4 

,!Y TELL Y\2 !Y ORD] Y\2 !Y DO NOT ASK Y\2 !Y S5D Y\2 &1 LIKE OB$I5T SLAVES ( Y\R LEAD]S1 Y\ GO TO CAPTURE & KILL4 ,:OM8 ,= :AT8 ,:Y8 

,?9K AB\T IT1 COMRADE ,R$ ,>MY ,MAN6 ,?9K AB\T IT Y\ TOIL+ PEASANT & WORK]1 TAK5 BY =CE 9TO ! CABAL ( ! NEW MA/]S1 :O CLAIM ! /IRR+ TITLE ( WORK]-PEASANT AU?ORITY4 

,WE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S1 >E ALSO PEASANTS & WORK]S LIKE \R BRO!RS 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,WE ROSE AGA9/ OPPRESSION2 WE >E FI<T+ = A BETT] & BRI<T] LIFE4 ,\R FRANK IDEAL IS ! A*IEVEM5T ( A NON-AU?ORIT>IAN LABOR]S' SOCIETY )\T P>ASITES & )\T COMMISS>-BUREAUCRATS4 ,\R IMM$IATE GOAL IS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! FREE SOVIET ORD]1 )\T ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 )\T PRESSURE FROM ANY P>TY :ATSOEV]4 ,= ?IS ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/S S5DS PUNITIVE EXP$ITIONS UPON US4 ,!Y HURRY TO MAKE PEACE ) ,D5IK91 ) ! ,POLI% L&LORDS1 & O!R :ITE GU>D SCUM1 9 ORD] TO CRU% MORE EASILY ! POPUL> MOVEM5T ( REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS1 :O >E RIS+ = ! OPPRESS$ AGA9/ ! YOKE ( ANY AU?ORITY4 

,! ?REATS ( ! :ITE-R$ HI< COMM& DO NOT SC>E US4 

,W,E ,W,I,L,L ,A,N,S,W,] ,V,I,O,L,5,C,E ,) ,V,I,O,L,5,C,E4 

,:5 NECESS>Y1 WE1 A SMALL H&FUL1 WILL PUT TO FLI<T ! LEGIONS ( ! BUREAUCRATIC ,R$ ,>MY4 ,= WE >E FRE$OM-LOV+ REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS & ! CAUSE WE DEF5D IS A JU/ CAUSE4 

,COMRADE6 ,?9K AB\T IT1 :O >E Y\ ) & :O >E Y\ AGA9/8  

,DON'T BE A SLAVE -- BE A MAN4  
  

,9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S  
  

.<,JUNE1 #a#i#b4.>  
  

"9 "9 "9 "9 "9 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,*APT] #ab -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #a#h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ab -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/