,HAKIM ,BEY 
,>TICLES ON ,HAKIM ,BEY FROM ,CEASEFIRE ,MAGAZ9E 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION 

      #c1#c#c ,WORDS2 #a#i1#d#i#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #b 3 0,*AOS NEV] DI$03 ,HAKIM ,BEY'S ,ONTOLOGY 

      #c1#i#c ,WORDS2 #b#e1#h#c#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,*AOS1 ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 & PEAK EXP]I5CES 

      #c1#e#i#f ,WORDS2 #b#c1#a#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,ALI5ATION & ,! ,/ATE 

      #d1#g#b ,WORDS2 #b#f1#b#b#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,CAPITALISM1 ! ,/ATE1 & ! ,SPECTACLE 

      #d1#g#c#d ,WORDS2 #c#a1#b#d#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE 

      #d1#d#f ,WORDS2 #b#f1#a#f#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,! ,PESSIMISM ( ,AUTONOMY 

      #c1#i#c#b ,WORDS2 #b#e1#e#c#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,/RATEGIES ( ,RESI/ANCE 

      #c1#d#h#c ,WORDS2 #b#b1#d#i#i ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION 
,AN ,9TRODUCTION 

,HAKIM ,BEY IS A QUASI-FICTIONAL AN>*I/ !ORI/ BE/ KN[ = HIS CONCEPT ( ! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE 7,T,A,Z74 ,HE HAS ALSO =MULAT$ A TYPE ( PO/-LEFT AN>*I/ !ORY KN[N AS IMM$IATISM4 ,BEY IS WIDELY REG>D$ AS A PSEUDONYM = ! WRIT] & COMP>ATIVE RELIGION SPECIALI/ ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON4 ,! WORKS ( ,BEY & ,WILSON CAN BE F\ND & READ = FREE AT A NUMB] ( WEBSITES4 ,/EMM+ FROM AN>*ISM1 ,NEW ,AGE SPIRITUALITY & ! #fS C\NT]CULTURE1 ,BEY'S WORK PROVIDES ONE ( ! MO/ A/UTE REC5T !ORIES ( ALI5ATION & CAPITALISM TO BE F\ND ANY:]E TODAY4 ,H[EV] HIS WORK IS ALSO EXTREMELY CONTROV]SIAL1 = REASONS ?AT WILL BE DISCUSS$ 9 DETAIL 9 ! LA/ P>TS ( ! S]IES4 

,:O IS ,HAKIM ,BEY8 

,ON ONE LEVEL1 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ,BEY & ,WILSON IS CLE>3 !Y >E ! SAME P]SON4 ,BUT ON ANO!R LEVEL1 IT IS UNCLE>4 ,BEY MAY SIMPLY BE A PSEUDONYM1 OR AN ALT] EGO4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,SIMON ,SELL>S >GUES ?AT ,HAKIM ,BEY IS NOT JU/ A PSEUDONYM1 BUT A FICTIONAL *>ACT]4 ,HE CITES AS EVID5CE ! FICTIONALIZ$ BIOGRAPHY ( ,BEY PROVID$ 9 ,T,A,Z4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,GRE] SUGGE/S ?AT ,BEY WAS ORIG9ALLY A DELIB]ATE FICTION4 ,! ID5TITY ( ,WILSON1 ,BEY1 & ! ,ASSOCIATION = ,ONTOLOGICAL ,AN>*Y WAS A CLOSELY GU>D$ SECRET4 ,:5 ,BEY APPE>$ 9 A VIDEO AB\T ,T,A,Z1 HE IS PRES5T$ 9 A BLURR$ =M1 US+ PSY*$ELIC COLORS & PATT]NS4 ,9 ?IS S]IES1 ,I %ALL ASSUME = SAKE ( SIMPLICITY ?AT ,BEY & ,WILSON >E ! SAME P]SON1 AL?\< !RE >E NOTICEABLE DIFF]5CES 9 /YLE4 

,! 9V5T$ NAME ',HAKIM ,BEY' HAS TWO PROBABLE S\RCES4 ,HAKIM WAS A ,FATIMID CALIPH ADMIR$ BY ,WILSON = HIS HET]ODOXY4 ,BEY IS A COMMON TITLE GIV5 9 ! ,MOORI% ,SCI5CE MOVEM5T TO :I* ,WILSON IS LOOSELY AFFILIAT$4 ,GIV5 ,WILSON'S HO/ILITY TO ! ,9T]NET1 CONNOTATIONS ( 'HACK+' >E PROBABLY UN9T5TIONAL4 ,BEY'S WORK IS DESCRIB$ BY ,SIMON ,SELL>S AS 'A POT5T BREW ( MY/ICISM1 HI/ORICAL N>RATIVES1 AUTONOM\S ,M>XI/ POLITICS & ,FR5* CRITICAL !ORY'4 ,HE EXPLICITLY SEES HIMSELF AS CONT9U+ ! /RUGGLE WAG$ BY ,SITUATIONISM & ,ITALIAN AUTONOMIA4 ,H[EV]1 HE REJECTS ! CLASS-/RUGGLE ORI5TATION C5TRAL TO !SE TRADITIONS4 ,9/EAD1 HE !ORIZES REVOLUTION 9 T]MS ( ! A*IEVEM5T ( ALT]$ /ATES ( CONSCI\SNESS1 9 /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DOM9ANT ',SPECTACUL>'1 'CONS5SUS' OR 'M$IA TRANCE' WORLDVIEW4 

,9 ,KNI<T'S BIOGRAPHY1 ,WILSON IS PORTRAY$ AS A =M] HIPPIE & DRUG-US] :O CONV]T$ TO ,SUFI ,ISLAM DUR+ A P]IOD ( EXILE 9 ,IRAN4 ,HE />T$ \T AS A SO-CALL$ ':ITE ,NEGRO' JAZZ FAN & M>IJUANA SMOK]4 ,HE WAS LAT] 9VOLV$ ) ! ,MOORI% ,OR?ODOX ,*UR*1 A MA9LY-:ITE SPL9T] FROM ! BLACK-L$ ,MOORI% ,SCI5CE ,TEMPLE4 ,HE WAS ALSO 9VOLV$ ) ! ,L,S,D-FUEL$ RELIG\S ACTIVITIES ( ,TIMO?Y ,LE>Y4 ,:5 ,LE>Y'S ACTIVITIES W]E CRIM9ALIZ$1 & ) A CLIMATE ( REPRESSION & ! ,VIETNAM DRAFT HANG+ OV] HIS HEAD1 ,WILSON FL$ ! C\NTRY4 ,HE CLAIMS ?AT HE 9T5D$ P]MAN5T EXILE4 ,HE J\RNEY$ 9 ,B5GAL1 ,ASSAM1 ,BALO*I/AN1 NOR?WE/ ,PAKI/AN1 & ,AF<ANI/AN4 ,HE EV5TUALLY SETTL$ 9 ,IRAN1 REF]R$ TO ! ,IRANIAN ,SUFIS BY AN ,9DIAN ,SUFI MA/]4 ,AFT] /UDY+ ) A NUMB] ( MA/]S1 HE BECAME AFFILIAT$ ) ! ,M>YAMIYYA4 ,?IS WAS A ,SUFI ORD] F\ND$ BY WE/]N S*OL>S CONNECT$ TO ! ,IRANIAN MON>*Y4 ,WILSON WAS $ITOR ( ! SECT'S J\RNAL ,SOPHIA ,P]5NIS DUR+ ! #a#i#gS4 ,! PRICE = ?IS AFFILIATION WAS TURN+ A BL9D EYE TO ! ABUSES ( ! LA/ YE>S ( ! ,%AH'S RULE4 7,BEY LAT] ASSOCIAT$ HIMSELF ) ,ALI ,%>IATI1 A REBEL AGA9/ ! ,%AH74 ,AT ?IS TIME1 ,WILSON ALSO SAW ,ISLAM AS PROVID+ A P5ETRAT+ CRITIQUE ( MOD]NITY4 ,KNI<T SUGGE/S ?AT PHOTOS FROM ?IS P]IOD %[ A 'HAPPY' ,WILSON1 CONTRA/+ ) ! 'TIR$' MAN ( TODAY4 ,BEY HIMSELF TELLS US ?AT HE CONV]T$ TO OR?ODOX ,SUFISM 9 #a#i#g#a4 ,?IS CO/ HIM 'SEV5 LEAN YE>S'1 BUT ALSO TAU<T HIM A LOT4 ,HE IS NO LONG] A PRACTIC+ ,MUSLIM1 BUT ADMIRES ,SUFISM = ITS EMPHASIS ON IMM$IACY4 

,9 #a#i#g#i1 HE WAS =C$ TO FLEE ,IRAN DUE TO ! RISE ( ,KHOME9I1 & 5D$ UP BACK 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,MO/ ( HIS BETT]-KN[N WRIT+S APPE>$ AFT] ?IS DATE4 ,! ,BROAD%EETS ( ,ONTOLOGICAL ,AN>*ISM1 APPE>$ 9 V>I\S Z9ES & AS DECORAT$ FLI]S ON COLOR$ PAP] 9 ! #a#i#hS4 7,Z9ES >E HOMEMADE1 AN>*IC C\NT]CULTURE MAGAZ9ES74 ,!SE W]E WRITT5 BY ,BEY_/,WILSON1 BUT ATTRIBUT$ TO ! POSSIBLY FICTITI\S ,ASSOCIATION = ,ONTOLOGICAL ,AN>*Y4 ,!Y W]E COMPIL$1 ) O!R PIECES1 9TO ! BOOK ,T,A,Z 9 #a#i#i#a4 ,BEY_/,WILSON HAS WRITT5 >\ND A DOZ5 O!R BOOKS & A GREAT] NUMB] ( %ORT PIECES :I* HAVE DEVELOP$ & MODIFI$ HIS !ORY4 ,NONE ( !SE WORKS >E AS WELL-KN[N AS ,T,A,Z1 BUT MANY (F] IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO UND]/&+ ALI5ATION1 LIB]ATION1 CAPITALISM & AUTONOMY4 

,! ,IMAG9AL ,WORLD 

,! C5TRAL 9NOVATION ( ,BEY_/,WILSON'S APPROA* TO AN>*ISM & TRANS=MATIVE POLITICS IS HIS FOCUS ON ! DOMA9 ( IMAGES & SPIRITUALITY4 ,BEY_/,WILSON SUGGE/S ?AT A ,MUNDUS ,IMAG9ALIS 7WORLD OR IMAGES OR IMAG9ATION7 EXI/S4 ,9 ?IS WORLD1 !RE >E 'IMAG9AL P]SONAE' OR >*ETYPES4 ,?IS IDEA ( AN IMAG9AL WORLD COMES FROM ! WORK ( COMP>ATIVE RELIGION S*OL> ,H5RY ,CORB94 ',IMAG9AL' MEANS ?AT SOME?+ EXI/S 9 ! WORLD ( IMAGES & >*ETYPES - IT DOES NOT MEAN 'IMAG9>Y'4 ,= ,BEY 7& ,CORB971 WE CAN HAVE RELATIONS ) ?IS REALM4 ,9 HIS DISCUSSION ( >*ETYPES1 HE SUGGE/S !RE >E ?REE REALMS - ! LEVEL ( ON5ESS ( BE+1 ! IMAG9AL LEVEL1 & ! MAT]IAL LEVEL4 ,MY?S >E NOT AU?OR$1 BUT FI%$ FROM ! IMAG9AL REALM4 ,AS 9 ,JUNGIAN !ORY1 ,BEY MA9TA9S ?AT >*ETYPES EXPRESS /RUCTURAL UNIV]SALS ( ! HUMAN CONDITION4 ,= ?IS REASON1 'LO/' RELIGI\S & 9DIG5\S TRADITIONS CAN (T5 BE RECON/RUCT$ BY 9T]PRET+ !M ?R\< >*ETYPES4 ,SU* TEXTS >E NOT FICTIONAL1 SO MU* AS POLEMICS = IMAG9AL 9ITIATION1 :I* MANIFE/ A PROCESS ( SU* 9ITIATION4 ,IMAG9AL L9KS >E ACTUAL - BO? MAT]IAL & SPIRITUAL - & NOT SIMPLY SYMBOLS OR METAPHORS4 ,BEY'S [N WRIT+ 7& ! ,BEY P]SONA7 >E 9 ?IS /YLE1 A TYPE ( MY?OPOESIS OR DELIB]ATE 9V5TION ( A MY?ICAL SY/EM1 :I* *ANNELS IMAG9ATIVE 5]GIES ?R\< IMAGES4 ,9 ONE PIECE1 ,BEY_/,WILSON ADVANCES ! SLOGAN 'ALL P[] TO ! IMAG9ATION'1 :I* HE >GUES IT /ILL EM]G+ AS A P>ADIGM DESPITE SETBACKS S9CE ! #a#i#fS4 

,/YLI/ICALLY1 ,BEY'S WRIT+S T5D TO BE POETIC & ELUSIVE1 ?\< EASILY COMPREH5SIBLE TO SOMEONE :O HAS EXP]I5C$ ! K9D ( 9T5SE ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS !Y SUMMON4 ,EV5 HIS LONG] WORKS >E COMPOS$ ( FRAGM5TS4 ,!Y >E SUGGE/IVE & 9SPIRATIONAL1 BUT NOT P>TICUL>LY DIFFICULT TO READ4 ,?IS /YLE IS BAS$ ON AN ONTOLOGICAL ORI5TATION TO ! IMAG9AL REALM4 ,DISCUSS+ MY/ICAL POETRY 9 ,SC&AL1 ,BEY_/,WILSON >GUES ?AT 9SI<T />TS ) A MOM5T ( PURE 9TUITION ( ! UNITY ( BE+4 ,?IS HAPP5S AT ! LEVEL ( ! HE>T OR SPIRIT4 ,IT QUICKLY BEG9S TO =M 9TO >*ETYPAL IMAGES1 :I* ! POET !N >RANGES 9TO ORGANIZ$ =M4 ,?IS PROCESS BO? CRY/ALLIZES & MEMORIZES ! 9TUITION1 9TEGRAT+ IT 9TO ! SELF1 & TRANSMITS IT TO O!RS4 ,! POET SEEKS TO DRAW ! LI/5] T[>DS ! ALT]$ /ATE ( CONSCI\SNESS ! POET WI%ES TO 9VOKE4 ,HE ADMITS SEEK+ TO BE 5T]TA9+ AS WELL AS 9/RUCTIVE4 ,HE ALSO WRITES ?AT HE HAS LITTLE 9T]E/ 9 DIALOGUE1 & NONE 9 DISCIPLES - SEEK+ 9/EAD 'COCONSPIRATORS'4 ,HIS /YLE IS AS IMPORTANT AS HIS CONT5T 9 CONVEY+ HIS IDEAS4 ,HE (F]S READ]S A PLAYFUL1 POETIC /YLE ( POLITICS 9 :I* NO?+ IS FIX$ 9 PLACE & EV]Y?+ IS OP5 TO RE-USE4 ,9DE$1 HE SEEMS TO (F] HIS WORK TO READ]S 9 ?IS WAY - AS A COLLECTION ( ITEMS FROM :I* READ]S CAN BORR[ OR /EAL AT WILL4 ,HIS WRIT+ /YLE SOMETIMES IMITATES ,WILLIAM ,S4 ,BURR\<S' CUT-UP TE*NIQUE4 ,H5CE1 SOME?+ GOES MISS+ :5 ,I SUMM>IZE HIS IDEAS 9 PROSAIC =M - UNLIKE SOME !ORI/S1 !RE IS NO SUB/ITUTE = READ+ ! ORIG9AL4 

,AS READ]S WILL HAVE NOTIC$1 MY [N PREF]R$ WRIT+ /YLE IS DIRECT & LIT]AL4 ,I SOMETIMES CRITICIZE ACADEMIC WRIT]S = UNNECESS>ILY COMPLEX1 POETIC PRES5TATION :I* 9T]F]ES ) COMMUNICATION4 ,9 ,BEY'S CASE1 H[EV]1 HIS /YLE COMPLEM5TS ! SUB/ANCE ( HIS WORK4 ,9 ,SC&AL1 WRIT+ AS ,WILSON1 HE SUGGE/S ?AT REPRES5TATIONAL LANGUAGE IS TOO EASY1 & SAYS TOO LITTLE ( IMPORTANCE4 ,IT ACTIVATES ONE >EA ( CONSCI\SNESS TO ! EXCLUSION ( O!RS - 9TELLECT RA!R ?AN 9TUITION4 ,ONLY POETRY & /ORY CAN SPEAK TO CONSCI\SNESS AS A :OLE4 ,>T IS ! LANGUAGE ( REBIR? OR TRANS=MATION4 ,IT IS ASSOCIAT$ ) OP5-M9D$NESS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 PROSE WRIT+ IS ASSOCIAT$ ) CLOS$ SY/EMS ( ?\<T4 ,ONCE AN IDEA OR IMAGE ACQUIRES REPRES5TATIONAL OR PROSE =MS1 IT T5DS TO FIXATE ON CATEGORIES4 ,IT CREATES POLEMICS1 DUALISMS & DEF9ITIONS4 ,IT /OPS EXP&+ P]CPETIONS4 ,DOGMATIC SY/EMS >E COMPOS$ ( IDEAS1 NOT IMAGES4 ,IF ,BEY_/,WILSON IS RI<T1 !N ! DIFFICULTY ) SOME PO//RUCTURALI/S IS NOT !IR USE ( POETIC /YLE AS SU*4 ,IT'S ! FACT ?AT ! /YLE IS IMAGE-LI<T1 & SEEKS TO FRU/RATE READ]S RA!R ?AN OP5 !IR M9DS4 

,DESPITE HIS PREF]5CE = A POETIC /YLE1 ,BEY_/,WILSON HAS ALSO WRITT5 A NUMB] ( MORE EMPIRICAL WORKS 9 A MORE DIRECT /YLE1 USUALLY UND] ! NAME ,WILSON4 ,!SE >E USUALLY HI/ORIES ( P>TICUL> PA/ EXAMPLES ( AUTONOM\S ZONES4 ,!SE WORKS >E CLOS] TO ACADEMIC /YLE ?AN MO/ ( ,BEY'S WORKS1 BUT /ILL RELY HEAVILY ON IMAG9ATIVE RECON/RUCTION4 ,!Y (T5 DEAL ) >EAS ( HI/ORY :]E EVID5CE IS LIMIT$4 ,BEY'S WORK DEVIATES FROM USUAL NORMS ( HI/ORICAL S*OL>%IP BY US+ IMAG9ATION & 9T]PRETATION TO FILL 9 ! GAPS4 ,BEY'S R5D]+S ( PA/ AUTONOM\S ZONES >E P]HAPS BE/ READ AS AFFECTIVE 9T]PRETATIONS4 ,!Y ATTEMPT TO RECON/RUCT ! ZONE'S LIFEWORLD FROM SIMIL> AUTONOM\S AFFECTS TODAY4 ,SIMIL>LY1 HIS TRANSLATIONS ( HI/ORICAL TEXTS >E (T5 APPROXIMATE1 & 9CLUDE ANA*RONI/IC CONTEMPOR>Y ELEM5TS4 

,BEY'S ANALYSIS ( ! SOCIAL WORLD FOLL[S FROM HIS EMPHASIS ON ! IMAG9AL REALM4 ,EA* GR\P OR 9DIVIDUAL LIVES UND] C]TA9 SIGNS BY :I* !Y >E KN[N1 :I* CONNECT ! ,IMAG9>Y & ,REAL REALMS4 ,BEY SEES MOD]N P[] AS ROOT$ 9 ANCI5T =MS ( MAGIC & SPIRITUALITY4 ,MONEY1 TELEVISION1 WRIT+ & SO ON >E =MS ( MAGIC BECAUSE !Y 9VOLVE ACTION AT A DI/ANCE4 ,! ,SPECTACLE1 OR ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 IS A K9D ( TRANCE-/ATE PRODUC$ BY =MS ( M$IATIZ$ MAGIC OR REPRES5TATION4 ,BEY (T5 EXPLORES ! ANCI5T OR ESOT]IC MEAN+S UND]P9N+ CURR5T 9/ITUTIONS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9 HIS BOOK ,ABEC$>IUM1 ,BEY EXPLA9S ! SYMBOLISM BEH9D EA* LETT] ( ! ALPHABET4 ,HE ALSO PROVIDES EXPLORATIONS >\ND !SE IMPUT$ MEAN+S4 ,ON A SIMIL> NOTE1 ,BEY DOES NOT WI% TO DISP5SE ) ORIG9S4 ,HE VIEWS ORIG9S AS MY?OLOGICAL OR IMAG9AL1 RA!R ?AN REAL4 ,HE 5C\RAGES HIS READ]S TO /ACK UP OR COMB9E DIFF]5T ORIG9S OR CONCEPTUAL ELEM5TS FROM DIFF]5T S\RCES4 

,BEY'S /RATEGIC FOCUS ON /RUGGLE ON ! IMAG9AL LEVEL HAS L$ TO ACCUSATIONS ( 'LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM'4 ,USUALLY1 SU* ACCUSATIONS >E ANA!MAS ?R[N BY OPPON5TS4 ,H[EV]1 !RE >E EXCEPTIONS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,LEON>D ,WILLIAMS SEES ,BEY'S WORK AS EXEMPL>Y ( A %IFT 9 AN>*ISM FROM A FOCUS ON ! /ATE TO A POLITICAL CULTURE ( ALT]NATIVE LIV+ & ES!TIC PRACTICE4 ,?IS PRACTICE CLAIMS TO BE A TRIUMPH ( LIFE OV] DOGMA4 ,HE SUGGE/S ?AT ,BEY'S !ORY AVOIDS POLITICAL & $UCATIONAL PURPOSE4 ,9/EAD IT DRAWS ON >TI/IC EXPRESSIVISM1 EMPHASIZ+ !MES ( >T1 IMAG9ATION1 IMM$IACY & EXP]I5CE4 ,BEY'S APPROA* TO ALL BELIEF-SY/EMS1 9CLUD+ AN>*ISM1 IS TO SEEK TO *ANNEL !IR VITAL 5]GY - !IR 'LIFE-=CES1 D>+1 9TRANSIG5CE1 ANG]1 HE$LESSNESS' - :ILE DISC>D+ !IR SPOOKS1 OR FIX$ CATEGORIES4 ,?IS LEADS TO AN APPROA* 9 :I* HE LOOTS OR APPROPRIATES FROM DIFF]5T !ORIES & TRADITIONS1 )\T 5DORS+ !IR F\NDATIONAL ASSUMPTIONS4 ,BEY T]MS ?IS 'CULTURAL BRICOLAGE'1 OR AS '?IEV+'1 OR 'HUNT+ & GA!R+'1 9 AN 9=MATIONAL WORLD4 ,HE TAKES1 = 9/ANCE1 PASSION FROM REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM1 GRACE & EASE FROM MON>*ISM1 SELF-OV]COM+ OR HI<] AW>5ESS FROM MY/ICISM4 

,A NON/&>D TYPE ( SELF OR SUBJECT IS AT ! HE>T ( ?IS PROCESS4 ,9 ORD] TO P]=M ACTS ( BRICOLAGE1 !RE MU/ BE SOME K9D ( SELECT+ SELF4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT NECESS>ILY AN EGO ASSOCIAT$ ) A SPOOK4 ,! SELF IS ! ,/IRN]IAN ,UNIQUE ,ONE1 IRR$UCIBLE TO CATEGORIES4 ,9 ,BEY'S WORK1 ! ,UNIQUE ,ONE IS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! HI<] ,SELF ( MY/ICAL & SPIRITUAL TRADITIONS4 ,YET ,BEY ALSO SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,UNIQUE ,ONE P>ADOXICALLY REQUIRES ! ,O!R1 AS A WITNESS OR KEY TO HOLISM4 ,9 HIS APPROA*1 ! IDEAL IS ?AT ! PROCESS ( BRICOLAGE IS DRIV5 BY DESIRE4 ,BEY'S WORK IS DELIB]ATELY 9SPIRATIONAL4 ,HE SEEKS TO CAUSE HE>]S OR READ]S TO REA* = HAPP9ESS1 TO PURGE B>RI]S TO FRE$OM1 & TO OP5 !MSELVES TO DIFF]5CE4 

,BEY & ,PO/AN>*ISM 

,!RE >E SOME :O TREAT ,BEY AS ! FIR/ PO/AN>*I/4 ,?IS IS L>GELY DUE TO HIS >TICLE ',PO/-,AN>*ISM ,AN>*Y'1 :I* >GUABLY PIONE]$ ! T]M4 7,! TITLE IS PROBABLY A PLAY ON 'PO/-LEFT AN>*Y'1 & SUGGE/S ! REJECTION ( AN>*ISM AS AN IDEOLOGY - AL?\< ,BEY ELSE:]E ID5TIFIES ) ! T]M 'ONTOLOGICAL AN>*ISM'74 ,BEY %>ES ) PO/AN>*ISM A SIMULTANE\S VALU+ ( & DI/ANCE FROM HI/ORICAL & LEFTI/ =MS ( AN>*ISM4 ,HE ALSO %>ES ) ! TRADITION AN 9T]E/ 9 PO//RUCTURALISM 7HE CLE>LY USES IDEAS DRAWN FROM ,DELEUZE & ,BAUDRILL>D74 

,?IS SAID1 ,I W\LD SUGGE/ !RE >E IMPORTANT DIFF]5CES BETWE5 A PO/-LEFT AN>*I/ POSITION SU* AS ,BEY'S & ! =MS ( PO/AN>*ISM DEVELOP$ BY ACADEMICS4 ,PO/AN>*I/S SU* AS ,SAUL ,NEWMAN & ,SIMON ,CRIT*LEY G5]ALLY MA9TA9 ?AT !RE IS NO OV]>*+ SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,!Y EMBRACE A /RONG CON/RUCTIVI/ ONTOLOGY 9 :I* !RE IS 'NO \TSIDE' ( DOM9ANT CATEGORIES4 ,AS A RESULT1 !Y ORI5T POLITICALLY TO A PRACTICE ( SMALL TRANSGRESSIONS RA!R ?AN SY/EMIC RUPTURES4 ,!Y >E 9FLU5C$ BY ,LACLAU1 ,F\CAULT & ,D]RIDA1 & SEE P[] AS P>TIAL & DIFFUSE4 ,!Y VALUE RE=MI/1 NON-SEP>ATI/ /RATEGIES4 ,!SE /RATEGIES OP]ATE ON ! 9SIDE ( A SY/EM CONSID]$ TO HAVE NO \TSIDE4 ,REVOLUTION & EXODUS >E DISMISS$ ) A HUNDR$ LABELS 7MORALI/1 PURI/1 AB/RACT1 DUALI/IC1 IRRELEVANT TO ! PEOPLE4447 ,! PO9T ( PO/-AN>*I/ PRACTICE IS NOT TO OV]?R[ ! SY/EM1 BUT TO SUBV]T ! SELF1 OR ! AU?ORITY ( ! TEXT4 ,!RE IS ?US A NEGATIVE1 FATALI/IC QUALITY TO ! POETICS ( PO/-AN>*ISM4 

,BEY'S WORK1 9 CONTRA/1 IS UNAPOLOGETICALLY OPPOS$ TO A DOM9ANT SY/EM CONCEIV$ L>GELY AS AN EXT]NAL =CE :I* AN ACTOR CAN SEEK TO RESI/ OR ESCAPE4 ,ITS ORI5TATION IS 9SURRECTIONAL EV5 :5 ITS TACTICS >E NOT4 ,A P]SPECTIVAL OR EV]YDAY '\TSIDE' IS ALWAYS AVAILABLE 9 ! =M ( ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,D]RIDEAN & PO/COLONIAL APPROA*ES ALSO >GUABLY VALUE A K9D ( %AMANIC ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,!Y >GUABLY SEEK TO ATTA9 IT ?R\< ! FAILURE & DISMANTL+ ( ! SELF4 ,!Y SEEK AW>5ESS ( 9T]DEP5D5CE & HOLISM1 ! SELF_/EGO AS A M]E APPE>ANCE1 & ! E?ICAL CALL ( ! :OLE ( EXI/5CE4 ,BO? ,BEY'S & ! ,D]RIDEAN APPROA* >E BROADLY PAN!I/1 BUT ) DIFF]5T AFFECTIVE & POLITICAL CONSEQU5CES4 ,BEY1 LIKE ,/IRN]1 ,DELEUZE & ,NIETZS*E1 D]IVES A POLITICS ( AFFIRMATION1 DESIRE1 P[]1 CREATIVITY1 & EC/ASY4 ,! CONT9UITY ( TRUE ,SELF & DIV9ITY LEADS TO ANT9OMIANISM & AFFIRMATION ( LIFE :ATEV] =M IT TAKES4 ,?IS LEADS TO AFFECTS ( EUPHORIA1 9T5SITY & REBELLION4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,D]RIDA & PO/AN>*ISM T5D TO PRODUCE AFFECTS ( HUMILITY & LACK4 ,!Y SITUATE DIV9ITY MA9LY 9 ! ,O!R RA!R ?AN ! ,SELF4 

,BEY'S WORK 9FLU5C$ AUTONOM\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA1 9 ! #a#i#iS4 ,! IDEA ( ,T,A,Z HAS 9SPIR$ GR\PS SU* AS RAV]S1 COMPUT] HACK]S1 SQUATT]S & C\NT]CULTURAL ACTIVI/S4 ,EV5TS LIKE ,RECLAIM ! ,/REETS & ,C>NIVALS AGA9/ ,CAPITAL1 AS WELL AS ! RISE ( SOCIAL C5T]S & SMALL-SCALE1 9=MAL POLITICAL GR\PS1 >E P>TLY 9SPIR$ BY ! IDEA ( ! ,T,A,Z4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BEY_/,WILSON'S UN(FICIAL BIOGRAPH]1 ,MI*AEL ,MUHAMMAD ,KNI<T1 ,T,A,Z 9SPIR$ ! E>LY ',TRIPS TO ! ,ZONE' :I* EVOLV$ 9TO ! ,BURN+ ,MAN FE/IVAL4 ,!RE IS REPORT$LY AT LEA/ ONE 9T5TIONAL COMMUNITY BAS$ ON ,BEY'S !ORIES4 ,!RE IS ALSO AN EV5T VIDEO BAS$ ON ! ,T,A,Z IDEA4 ,! VIDEO1 LIKE ,BEY'S WORK1 USES HUMOR1 IMAGE MANIPULATION & APPEALS TO ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IT SEEKS TO 'DECON/RUCT1 SYN!SIZE & RECON/RUCT'4 

,NOTE TO READ]S3 

,HAKIM ,BEY_/,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON IS A CONTROV]SIAL FIGURE DUE TO HIS APP>5T SUPPORT = *ILD SEXUAL ABUSE4 ,:ILE !RE IS SOME DISAGREEM5T OV] :AT EXACTLY HE BELIEVES1 IT IS CLE> ?AT AT ! V]Y LEA/1 HE HAS PROVID$ APOLOGIA = *ILD SEXUAL ABUSE4 ,I BELIEVE HE TAKES ?IS POSITION S]I\SLY1 & IS NOT JU/ 5GAG$ 9 PLAYFUL PROVOCATION AS SOME SUPPORT]S CLAIM4 ,9 MY VIEW1 HIS POSITION IS 9CONSI/5T ) HIS WID] POSITIONS ON SEXUAL CONS5T & ABUSE1 & ON *ILDR5'S LIB]ATION4 ,I BELIEVE ,WILSON_/,BEY IS WRONG ON ?IS QUE/ION4 ,H[EV]1 MO/ ( ! !ORI/S COV]$ 9 ?IS COLUMN TAKE AT LEA/ ONE POSITION :I* IS OPPRESSIVE OR PROBLEMATIC 7,>I/OTLE SUPPORT$ SLAV]Y1 ,BAKUN9 WAS ANTI-,SEMITIC1 ,AQU9AS WAS HOMOPHOBIC1 ,AL?USS] KILL$ HIS WIFE44474 ,IF ,I REQUIR$ PURITY ON ALL ISSUES ( OPPRESSION FROM ALL ! !ORI/S ,I WRITE ON1 & EFFECTIVELY 'NO-PLAT=M$' ANY !ORI/ :O MI<T BE COMPLICIT 9 ONE OR MORE OPPRESSIONS1 ,I W\LD HAVE TO EXCLUDE ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( HI/ORICAL ?9K]S4 ,I HAVE !RE=E G5]ALLY REFRA9$ FROM OMITT+ ?9K]S FROM ! S]IES BAS$ ON S+LE OPPRESSIVE POSITION1 IF ,I FEEL !IR !ORY IS O!RWISE USEFUL4 ,I ALSO BELIEVE ?AT ! 9N] /RUCTURE ( A !ORI/'S ?\<T - ! 0PROBLEMATIC0 OR 0!ORETICAL MA*9E0 :I* DRIVES ! G5]ATION ( IDEAS - IS SEP>ABLE FROM ! HI/ORICAL P]SONAGE :O =MULATES ! ?\<T4 ,I BELIEVE ! RE/ ( ,BEY'S !ORY CAN BE US$1 )\T 5TAIL+ 5DORSEM5T ( SEXUAL ABUSE4 ,BEY'S POSITION1 & ! PROBLEMS ) IT1 WILL BE EXAM9$ 9 DETAIL 9 P>T #a#e1 :]E ,I ALSO EXPLA9 9 MORE DETAIL MY DISAGREEM5TS ) SOME ( ,BEY'S CRITICS & DEF5D]S1 & MY REJECTION ( A 'NO-PLAT=M' POSITION T[>DS HIS WORK4 

O ,*APT] #b 3 0,*AOS NEV] DI$03 ,HAKIM ,BEY'S ,ONTOLOGY 
0,*AOS NEV] DI$03 ,HAKIM ,BEY'S ,ONTOLOGY 

0,*AOS NEV] DI$04 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! BE/-KN[N SLOGANS FROM ,HAKIM ,BEY'S SEM9AL WORK1 ,T,A,Z4 ,9 ! SECOND ( A SIXTE5-P>T S]IES1 ,&REW ,ROB9SON RECON/RUCTS ! ONTOLOGY ( ,BEY'S 0ONTOLOGICAL AN>*ISM04 ,HE EXAM9ES :AT IT MEANS TO TAKE *AOS AS ONTOLOGICALLY PRIM>Y1 & H[ A S5SE ( MEAN+ OR ORD] CAN EM]GE FROM *AOS4 

,*AOS ,NEV] ,DI$ 

,BEY'S ONTOLOGY IS BAS$ ON ! PRIMACY ( *AOS4 ,! CONCEPT ( *AOS %\LD NOT BE SE5 AS A SYNONYM = DISORD]1 OR AN ATT5TION-GRABB+ REPHRAS+ ( AN>*ISM4 ,*AOS IS NOT SIMPLY ! ABS5CE ( LAWS OR ! /ATE4 ,IT IS AN ONTOLOGICAL CONDITION *>ACT]IZ$ BY CON/ANT FLUX & FL[1 ! ABS5CE ( NORMATIVE OR O!R CRIT]IA ( ORD]1 & A /ATE ( BE+ AK9 TO 9TOXICATION4 ,*AOS1 ,BEY TELLS US1 IS 'CONT9U\S CREATION'4 ,HE ALSO REPEAT$LY /ATES ?AT ',*AOS NEV] DI$'4 ,*AOS HAS SURVIV$ ! SUPPOS$ F\NDATION ( ORD]4 ,IT IS A BASIC ONTOLOGICAL REALITY WE %\LD EMBRACE & CELEBRATE4 

,!RE >E ?US NO ESS5TIAL OR NATURAL LAWS TO PROVIDE US ) MEAN+4 ,NATURE1 SAYS ,BEY1 HAS NO LAWS1 ONLY HABITS4 ,MEAN+ CREATION IS1 !N1 A MATT] ( P]SONAL CON/RUCTION BAS$ ON DESIRE4 ,! ONLY ORD] POSSIBLE IS ! ORD] ONE PRODUCES & IMAG9ES ?R\< 'EXI/5TIAL FRE$OM'4 ,ALL O!R ORD]S >E ILLUSIONS4 ,LIFE & ! BODY >E P]MEABLE1 AD HOC1 IMPURE1 & FULL ( HOLES4 ,YET NEV]!LESS1 EXI/5TIAL AUTONOMY & SELF-ACTUALIZATION MU/ BE ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ?IS FIELD4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ,BEY PREF]S A WORLD ( '9DET]M9ACY1 ( RI* AMBIGUITY1 ( COMPLEX IMPURITIES' TO PURI/ UTOPIAS4 ,*AOS IS !RE=E DESIRABLE AS WELL AS ONTOLOGICALLY BASIC1 OR NECESS>Y4 ,BEY SOMETIMES PORTRAYS HIS !ORY 9 T]MS ( A DECISION TO SAY YES TO LIFE ITSELF4 ,9 ANO!R WORK1 ,BEY DESCRIBES HIMSELF AS A 'BAD PROPHET' :O BETS ON UNLIKELY ANOMALIES & *AOS4 

,*AOS IS SOME?+ PRIOR TO ?\<T & SOCIAL CON/RUCTION4 ,BEY CONCEIVES ,*AOS AS A CREATIVE POT5TIAL UND]LY+ ALL REALITY4 ,IT MEANS ?AT LIV+ ?+S CAN G5]ATE !IR [N SPONTANE\S ORD]S4 ,IT ALSO UND]CUTS ! LEGITIMACY ( ALL HEGEMONIC & HI]>*ICAL SY/EMS4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT SOME?+ COMES 9TO ?\<T :I* CONSCI\SNESS ATTEMPTS TO /RUCTURE4 ,! /RUCTURE APPE>S TO BE ! F\NDATIONAL LEVEL1 BUT IT ISN'T4 ,?IS ANALYSIS RULES \T REPRES5TATION1 BUT NOT ?\<T AS SU*4 ,9DE$1 ?\<T & IMAGES >E BO? IMPORTANT4 ,LETT]S OR HI]OGLYPHS >E BO? ?\<TS & IMAGES4 ,BEY CELEBRATES A TYPE ( 9-BETWE5NESS :I* DEALS ) BO? ?\<T & IMAGES4 

,*AOS IS PRIM>Y OV] ORD]4 ,9 FACT1 ORD] IS AN ILLUSION4 ,WE >E ALWAYS 9 *AOS1 BUT SOMETIMES WE FALL = ! LIE ?AT ORD] EXI/S4 ,?IS LIE LEADS TO ALI5ATION4 ,! WORLD IS REAL1 BUT CONSCI\SNESS IS ALSO REAL S9CE IT HAS REAL EFFECTS4 ,9 ONE PASSAGE1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ! SELF CANNOT PRODUCE ?+S1 NOR BE PRODUC$4 ,EV]Y?+ SIMPLY IS :AT IT IS1 SPONTANE\SLY4 ,9 ',! ,9=MATION ,W>'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT 9=MATION IS *AOS1 KN[L$GE IS SPONTANE\S ORD]+ FROM *AOS1 & FRE$OM IS SURF+ ! WAVE ( ?AT SPONTANEITY4 ,HE C\NT]POSES ?IS VIEW TO ! GNO/IC DUALISM ( ?OSE :O USE 9=MATION 7OR SPIRIT7 TO D5Y ! BODY4 ,9/EAD HE SEEKS A 'GREAT COMPLEX CONFUSION' ( BODY & SPIRIT4 

,ACCESS TO *AOS COMES ?R\< ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 BUT *AOS IS ALSO ALWAYS PRES5T 9 EV]YDAY LIFE1 B5EA? ! SURFACE4 ,*AOS1 OR IMAG9ATION1 IS ! BASIS ( A FIELD :I* IS \TSIDE ! ORD9>Y4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS ALSO ! FIELD FROM :I* ! ORD9>Y IS COMPOS$4 ,IT CAN 5T] 9TO ORD9>Y LIFE4 ,9T]PRETATION1 = EXAMPLE1 OCCURS 9 ?IS FIELD4 ,IT IS SIMIL> TO ! FIELD ( BECOM+ 9 ,DELEUZIAN !ORY1 ( TIME OR ! VIRTUAL = ,DELEUZE & ,B]GSON1 & ! UNCONSCI\S 9 ,JUNG4 ,! NUM9\S IS 'BANAL'2 IT CAN BE F\ND EV]Y:]E4 ,BEY REF]S TO HIMSELF AS A RADICAL MONI/1 9 DI/9CTION FROM ! GNO/IC OR ,MANI*EAN DUALISMS ( ! RI<T-W+4 ,AL?\< HE DOES NOT SAY SO DIRECTLY1 HE SEEMS TO TREAT OPPRESSIVE SY/EMS AS DI/ORT$ =MS ( ! FIELD ( *AOS1 TURN$ ASIDE BY 'D>K MAGIC' OR NEGATIVE =MS ( TRANCE4 ,! ZONE ( ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS IS ALSO ! ZONE ( HYBRIDITY1 ! ZONE :]E ! B\ND>IES PROVID$ BY 9T]PRETIVE CATEGORIES BREAK D[N4 

,PSY*OLOGICAL LIB]ATION CONSI/S 9 ACTUALIZ+1 OR BR++ 9TO BE+1 SPACES :]E FRE$OM ACTUALLY EXI/S4 ,?IS IS NOT SOME?+ UNIMAG9ABLY O!R4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT MANY ( US HAVE ATT5D$ P>TIES :I* HAVE BECOME A BRIEF 'REPUBLIC ( GRATIFI$ DESIRES'4 ,! QUALITATIVE =CE ( EV5 SU* A BRIEF MOM5T IS SOMETIMES GREAT] ?AN ! P[] ( ! /ATE4 ,IT PROVIDES MEAN+1 & ATTRACTS DESIRE & 9T5SITY4 ,SIMIL> CLAIMS >E MADE ELSE:]E 9 PO/-LEFT AN>*Y4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,F]AL ,FAUN SUGGE/S ?AT WE ALL KNEW ?IS K9D ( 9T5SITY 9 *ILDHOOD4 

,*AOS AS ! ,BASIS = ,MEAN+ & ,ORD] 

,9 ! FIELD ( *AOS1 ?+S >E HELD TOGE!R BY DESIRE OR ATTRACTION4 ,ACTION IS POSSIBLE AT ?IS UND]LY+1 *AOTIC OR QUANTUM LEVEL4 ,MAGIC IS 'ACTION AT A DI/ANCE'4 ,*AOS ALSO PRODUCES A K9D ( ORD]1 ?R\< ,]OS 7LOVE7 OR ! SELF-ORD]+ ACTIVITY ( A ,/IRN]IAN EGO4 ,BEY ADOPTS ,F\RI]'S VIEW1 :I* HE ALSO ATTRIBUTES TO ,SUFI POETS1 ?AT LOVE OR ATTRACTION IS ! DRIV+ =CE ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,! ,BIG ,BANG IS 'BEAUTIFUL & LOVES BEAUTY'1 AL?\< DIRT IS ALSO ! MIRROR ( BEAUTY4 ,= 9/ANCE1 FL[]S GR[ FROM DIRT4 

,! POSSIBILITY ( 'ACTION AT A DI/ANCE' IS ! MA9 BELIEF ( ! ,H]METIC APPROA* ) :I* ,BEY ID5TIFIES4 ,?IS APPROA* WAS SUPPOS$LY BANI%$ FROM SCI5CE 9 ITS ME*ANI/IC PHASE1 BUT KEEPS COM+ BACK - 9 GRAVITY AS 'ATTRACTION'1 9 QUANTUM PHYSICS1 /RANGE ATTRACTORS1 ! P[] ( M$IA1 & SO ON 7& RA!R DIFF]5TLY1 9 ,F\RI]'S WORK74 

,H]METICI/S BELIEV$ ?AT ! 'MORAL P[]' ( AN IMAGE C\LD BE CONVEY$ ACROSS DI/ANCE1 BY SOME K9D ( 5]GY BEAM1 ESPECIALLY IF BOO/$ BY O!R S5SORY 9PUTS4 ,BEY BELIEVES ?AT >TI/S CONT9UE TO DO ?IS1 EV5 :5 !Y D5Y IT4 ,ADV]TIS+1 = EXAMPLE1 CONVEYS A P>TICUL> AFFECTIVE OR 'MORAL' FRAME4 ,H]METICISM ?US HAS A DUAL ASPECT4 ,9 ITS POSITIVE =M1 IT IS LIB]ATORY & POLITICALLY RADICAL4 ,H[EV]1 IT ALSO PROVIDES ! BASIS = ADV]TIS+1 ,P,R & SO ON4 

,! ONLY VIABLE GOV]NM5T IS ?AT ( ATTRACTION OR LOVE AMONG *AOTIC =CES4 ,ONLY DESIRE CREATES VALUES4 ,VALUES >ISE FROM ! TURBUL5T1 *AOTIC PROCESS ( =M+ RELATIONS4 ,SU* VALUES >E BAS$ ON ABUNDANCE1 NOT SC>CITY1 & >E ! OPPOSITE ( ! DOM9ANT MORALITY4 ,BEY DESCRIBES 'PEAK EXP]I5CES' AS VALUE-=MATIVE ON AN 9DIVIDUAL LEVEL4 ,!Y TRANS=M EV]YDAY LIFE & ALL[ VALUES TO BE *ANG$ OR 'REVALU$'4 ,CREATIVE P[]S >ISE FROM DESIRE & IMAG9ATION1 & ALL[ PEOPLE TO CREATE VALUES4 ,CATA/ROPHE HAS NEGATIVE CONNOTATIONS TODAY1 BUT IT ORIG9ALLY MEANT A SUDD5 *ANGE1 & SU* A *ANGE IS SOMETIMES DESIRABLE4 

,BEY TALKS A LOT AB\T MAGIC1 SPIRITUALITY1 ,H]METICISM1 ESOT]ICISM1 & SO ON4 ,?IS IS NOT 'MY/IFICATION' 9 ! USUAL S5SE1 NOR A LIT]AL BELIEF 9 ! K9DS ( MAGIC SE5 9 FICTION4 ,RA!R1 IT 9VOLVES REFLECTIONS ON ! SYMBOLIC & IMAG9>Y NATURE ( MANY TAK5-=-GRANT$ PRACTICES & OBJECTS4 ,SOME?+ IS 'MAGICAL' OR 'SPIRITUAL' 9 A POSITIVE S5SE IF IT LEADS TO AN ALT]$ /ATE ( CONSCI\SNESS4 

,?+S CAN ALSO BE 'MAGICAL' OR 'SPIRITUAL' 9 5ACT+ 9VISIBLE =MS ( LONG-RANGE COMMUNICATION OR CONTROL4 ',MAGIC' OR 'SPIRIT' 9 ?IS S5SE IS SOME?+ IMMAN5T1 SOME?+ MO/ ( US HAVE EXP]I5C$ ALREADY - AS AN 9T5SE EMOTIONAL EXP]I5CE1 ROMANTIC OR SEXUAL ATTRACTION1 A PSY*$ELIC TRIP1 A M$ITATIVE /ATE1 A P[]FUL DREAM1 AN EMP[]+ PROTE/ OR DIRECT ACTION1 A R&OM MOM5T :]E EV]Y?+ FEELS RI<T4 ,IT DOES NOT 9VOLVE REF]5CE TO A TRANSC5D5T FIELD \TSIDE EXP]I5CE1 AL?\< IT IS C]TA9LY TAK5 TO BE \TSIDE ORD9>Y1 'CONS5SUS' EXP]I5CE4 

,BEY WRITES AS IF ! 5TITIES EXP]I5C$ 9 ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 OR ! >*ETYPES F\ND 9 DREAMS & /ORIES1 >E REAL4 ,BUT ?IS IS P>T ( ! PROCESS ( MY?ICALLY 9ITIAT+ ! READ]4 ,! ULTIMATE ONTOLOGICAL /ATUS ( !SE 5TITIES 7:E!R !Y >E M]ELY IMAG9$1 OR HAVE SOME REAL EXI/5CE7 IS NOT P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT4 7,9 A S5SE1 IF EV]Y?+ IS *AOS1 ON5ESS1 OR BECOM+1 !N NO?+ ( A CATEGORISABLE TYPE IS REAL 9 ANY CASE74 ,:AT MATT]S IS ! ROLE ( !SE FIGURES1 & BELIEF 9 !M1 9 PRODUC+ ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS & 9T5SITY4 

,*AOS1 ,RELIGION1 & ,SCI5CE 

,BEY'S IDEA ( *AOS HAS A NUMB] ( RESONANCES4 ,IT IS SIMIL> TO ! IDEA ( *AOS 9 *AOS !ORY1 BUT QUALITATIVE1 RA!R ?AN MA!MATICAL4 ,IT HAS SIMIL>ITIES ) A P>TICUL> /YLE ( READ+ QUANTUM-LEVEL REALITIES4 ,IT IS ALSO SIMIL> TO ,DELEUZE'S CLAIM ?AT BECOM+ OR DIFF]5CE-PRODUCTION IS ONTOLOGICALLY BASIC1 & ,SP9OZA'S UNIVOCITY ( BE+4 

,BEY P]IODICALLY REF]S TO ,TAOISM1 ,BUDDHISM1 ,SUFISM1 ,KABBALAH1 QUANTUM PHYSICS1 & O!R BODIES ( ?\<T AS SIMIL> TO HIS [N1 AL?\< HIS RELATION%IP TO !M IS (T5 SYNCRETIC4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ONE UND]/&S ! ,TAO AS AN UNDIFF]5TIAT$ =CE ( BECOM+1 IT IS SIMIL> TO ,BEY'S *AOS4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ONE UND]/&S ,GOD AS IMMAN5TLY COEXT5SIVE ) BE+1 !N ,GOD IS ANO!R NAME = *AOS4 

,9 ',QUANTUM ,ME*ANICS & ,*AOS ,!ORY'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT SCI5TIFIC WORLDVIEWS BO? 9FLU5CE & >E 9FLU5C$ BY WID] SOCIAL DISC\RSES4 ,PTOLEMAIC !ORY E*O$ MON>*Y & RELIGION1 ,NEWTONIAN_/,C>TESIAN !ORIES E*O$ CAPITALISM & NATIONALISM4 ,QUANTUM !ORY & RELATIVITY SIMIL>LY CO-CON/ITUTE A CURR5T SOCIAL REALITY4 ,H[EV]1 !ORY CONT9UES TO LAG BEH9D QUANTUM ME*ANICS1 AS SCI5TI/S /RUGGLE TO EXPLA9 PH5OM5A :I* CLE>LY 0WORK0 SCI5TIFICALLY4 ,QUANTUM !ORY SEEMS TO VALIDATE ,EA/]N & ,NEW ,AGE WORLDVIEWS1 :I* MI<T PROVIDE AN ORGANIZ+ MY? OR POETICS = QUANTUM SCI5CE4 

,BEY SUMM>IZES A S]IES ( DIFF]5T POSSIBLE READ+S1 SOME ( :I* RECOV] SOME =M ( REALISM1 O!RS ( :I* DO NOT4 ,HE 9SI/S ?AT ! UNIV]SE MU/ BE A S+LE REALITY1 & SUGGE/S ?AT ! UND]LY+ *AOTIC NATURE ( REALITY PRODUCES EFFECTS SU* AS QUANTUM UNC]TA9TY4 ,?IS POSSIBILITY C\LD %ATT] 'CONS5SUS REALITY' & ITS CLAIMS TO TRU?4 

,?IS C\LD HAVE V>I\S SOCIAL EFFECTS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 AN ECONOMY MIRROR+ QUANTUM !ORY W\LD HAVE TO ABOLI% WORK1 BECAUSE WORK IS SIMIL> TO CLASSICAL PHYSICS 9 /RUCTURE4 ,! RESULT MI<T EI!R BE A ,Z][ORK UTOPIA1 OR A =M ( 5SLAVEM5T WORSE ?AN WORK 7PROBABLY CYB]NETIC1 & FOLL[+ ,DELEUZE & ,GUATT>I'S IDEA ( MA*9IC 5SLAVEM5T74 

,TAOISM & ,BUDDHISM >E RECURR+ PO9TS ( REF]5CE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,WILSON_/,BEY 9 ,ESCAPE FROM ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 ,TAOISM IS A ,CLA/RIAN MA*9E = W>D+ (F HI]>*Y1 :I* (F]S DIRECT EXP]I5CE 9 A MANN] SIMIL> TO %AMANISM4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 IT UND]M9$ ,*9ESE ,IMP]IAL M$IATION4 ,9 ANO!R PIECE1 ,BEY CALLS = A 'NEW !ORY ( ,TAOI/ DIALECTICS'4 ,9 ,TAOISM1 ,WILSON >GUES 9 ,%[] ( ,/>S1 *AOS IS NOT A FIGURE ( EVIL1 BUT FULL ( POT5TIAL4 ,IT IS ! S\RCE ( CREATION4 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ONTOLOGICAL AN>*ISM & ,TAOISM IS ON ! QUE/ION ( ACTION V]SUS QUIETISM4 

,BEY ALSO EMBRACES ! ,Z5 ,BUDDHI/ IDEA ( ,BEG9N]'S ,M9D4 ,9 ANO!R PIECE1 ,BEY COMP>ES ! ,BUDDHI/ CONCEPT ( SATORI ) ! ,SITUATIONI/ ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE1 & ! ,SURREALI/ & ,DADAI/ CONCEPT ( ! ]UPTION ( ! M>VEL\S4 ,ALL 9VOLVE P]CEIV+ ! ORD9>Y 9 EXTRAORD9>Y WAYS4 ,:ILE ,SITUATIONISM NEGLECTS ! SPIRITUAL ASPECT1 ,BUDDHISM NEGLECTS ! POLITICAL4 

,BEY ALSO LIK5S HIS POSITION TO ,SUFISM4 ,9 ! ,SUFI TRADITION1 A 'S+LE VISION' ( HOLI/IC DIV9E REALITY IS CONTRA/$ ) ! 'D\BLE VISION' ( ALI5AT$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,WILSON RELATES ?IS TO ! ONE-EY$ MON/]S ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,SOMA-FUNCTION & ) MAGIC MU%ROOMS1 TAK+ IT TO BE A =M ( ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 

,BEY'S READ+S >E SOMETIMES RA!R SELECTIVE4 ,MANY ( ! TRADITIONS HE DISCUSSES C\NT]POSE SPIRITUAL AWAK5+ TO BODILY PLEASURE4 ,!Y ALSO EMPHASIZE ! *ANNEL+1 CON/RA9T1 OR BALANC+ ( DESIRE1 NOT SIMPLY ITS RELEASE4 ,H[EV]1 ,BEY NONE!LESS TRACES 9T]E/+ P>ALLELS AMONG TRADITIONS ( DISALI5ATION4 

,! IDEA ( *AOS IS ALSO SIMIL> TO ! PRIMORDIAL =CE :I* IS SLA9 BY ! F\ND] ( CIVILIZATION 9 A NUMB] ( /ATI/ EPICS 7SU* AS ! ,EPIC ( ,GILGAME%74 ,BEY FUR!R LIK5S HIS VIEW ( *AOS TO HUNT]-GA!R] WORLDVIEWS1 >GU+ ?AT WE NE$ TO RECOV] %AMANISM AGA9/ PRIE/HOOD1 B>DS AGA9/ LORDS & SO ON4 ,HIS APPROA* IS MODEL$ ON A LANGUAGE :I* DOES NOT YET DI/+UI% RITUAL FROM >T1 RELIGION FROM H>MONI\S SOCIAL LIFE1 WORK FROM PLAY1 >T-OBJECTS FROM USEFUL OBJECTS1 & SO ON4 ,9 ONE PASSAGE1 ,BEY DEPICTS A W> BETWE5 TWO SETS ( =CES4 ,*AOS1 ,MO!R ,GAIA & ! ,TITANS >E ON ! SIDE ( AIMLESS W&]+1 HUNT]-GA!R]S & FRE$OM4 ,ZEUS & ! ,OLYMPIANS >E ON ! SIDE ( ORD]4 

,IF HUMANS >E DIFF]5T FROM ANIMALS1 IT IS BECAUSE ( CONSCI\SNESS OR SELF-CONSCI\SNESS1 NOT AW>5ESS4 ,ANIMALS >E ALSO AW>E1 9 A SPIRITUAL S5SE4 ,H[EV]1 ONLY HUMANS HAVE TE*NOLOGY - :I* CAN EI!R BE A MEANS OR CAN DOM9ATE US4 ,SYMBOLIC SY/EMS >E RELAT$ TO CONSCI\SNESS4 ,HUMANS >E ?US SPLIT BETWE5 AN 'ANIMAL' LEVEL ( 9TIMACY & UNIFI$ CONSCI\SNESS1 & A DI/9CTLY HUMAN LEVEL ( ALI5AT$ CONSCI\SNESS4 

,RELIGION /EMS FROM ?IS TRAGIC SEP>ATION ( M9D & BODY4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 LEADS TO A HUGE RANGE ( PRACTICES ( 'KN[+'1 RANG+ FROM PSY*$ELIC DRUGS TO COMPUT]S4 ,BUT S9CE E>LY CIVILIZATIONS1 RELIGION HAS S\<T TO ESCAPE ! BODY1 BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY GNO/IC & BODY-HAT+4 ,BEY SEEKS TO RE-VALORIZE ! 'ANIMAL' LEVEL ( IMM$IATE AW>5ESS4 

,BEY'S POSITION ON ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS PUTS HIM 9 DISAGREEM5T ) MANY AN>*I/S4 ,HE REJECTS ! 'TWO-DIM5SIONAL SCI5TISM' ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM4 ,! IDEA ( BE+1 CONSCI\SNESS1 OR BLISS CONTA9$ 9 MY/ICAL CONCEPTIONS IS NOT = ,BEY A ,/IRN]IAN SPOOK - AN AB/RACT FIGURE TO :I* PEOPLE SUBORD9ATE !MSELVES4 ,IT IS A T]M = A TYPE ( 9T5SE AW>5ESS OR 'VALUATIVE CONSCI\SNESS' RESULT+ FROM IMMAN5CE1 :I* IS TO SAY1 ! REJECTION ( SPOOKS4 ,TE*NIQUES = HI<] CONSCI\SNESS CAN BE APPROPRIAT$ BY AN>*I/S4 

,BEY SEES SCI5CE AS A 'WAY ( ?9K+' )\T SPECIAL ONTOLOGICAL /ATUS4 ,HE !RE=E OPPOSES ! COMMON ASSUMPTION ?AT ONLY ONE TYPE ( CONSCI\SNESS1 ! SCI5TIFIC1 HAS VALIDITY4 ,ONE K9D ( CONSCI\SNESS - UNIV]SALIZ+1 ,5LI<T5M5T1 L9E>1 RATIONAL1 ME*ANICAL - HAS DOM9AT$ = TOO LONG4 ,= ,BEY1 EXP]I5CES 9 ALT]$ /ATES ( CONSCI\SNESS HAVE AS MU* REALITY AS ANY O!R K9D ( EXP]I5CE4 ,ALSO1 IF SOME?+ HAS EFFECTS1 !N IT MI<T AS WELL BE REAL4 

,BEY DESCRIBES HIS APPROA* AS A 'RATIONALISM ( ! M>VEL\S' - NEI!R SCI5CE NOR RELIGION4 ,?IS RATIONALISM ACCEPTS ?AT SOME ?+S CANNOT BE EXPLA9$4 ,H[EV]1 9 ,SC&AL1 HE ALSO SUGGE/S ?AT !RE IS 'SOME?+ MAD' AB\T ANY METAPHYSICAL EXP]I5CE ( ! ON5ESS ( BE+1 :I* IS *AOTIC & PRIMORDIAL4 ,ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS IS BO? RATIONAL 7AS SOME?+ !RE >E GOOD REASONS TO BELIEVE 97 & EXTRA-RATIONAL 7AS AN EXP]I5CE74 ,9 ,SACR$ ,DRIFT1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT SPIRITUAL REALIZATION IS 'GOOD = QUITE A LOT'1 WOR? TA/+ & /RIV+ =4 ,BUT IT IS NOT ! 5D PO9T ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T4 ,RA!R1 IT IS A MEANS TO SOME?+ DEEP]4 

,JOSEPH ,*RI/IAN ,GRE] HAS EXPLOR$ ! ORIG9S ( ,BEY'S ?\<T 9 ! Z9E MOVEM5T1 & ! NEW RELIGI\S MOVEM5TS ( ,*AOS ,MAGICK & ,DISCORDIANISM4 ,HE >GUES ?AT ,BEY'S ONTOLOGY IS L>GELY D]IV$ FROM !SE MOVEM5TS4 ,HE ALSO CONT5DS ?AT ,BEY'S ?\<T IS =M$ 9 DEBATE ) ALT]NATIVE 7ESPECIALLY NIHILI/IC7 POSITIONS 9 P>TICUL> Z9ES4 ,T,A,Z1 HE NOTES1 IS A COMPILATION ( ALREADY-PUBLI%$ >TICLES1 :I* HAD APPE>$ 9 Z9ES SU* AS ,KAOS & ,MONDO #b4 

,! Z9E SC5E ( ! #a#i#hS WAS RHIZOMATIC & TRANSGRESSIVE1 (T5 COV]+ TABOO TOPICS4 ,*AOS ,MAGICK & O!R ESOT]IC Z9ES OV]LAPP$ CON/ANTLY ) ?OSE FOCUS+ ON PUNK MUSIC1 ALT]NATIVE SEXUALITY1 CYB]CULTURE1 & RADICAL POLITICS4 ,MANY ( ,BEY'S PIECES APPE>$ 9 ! ,*AOS ,MAGICK Z9E ,KAOS1 :I* OP]AT$ A POLICY ( PR9T+ EV]Y?+ SUBMITT$ TO IT4 

,*AOS ,MAGICK IS A PLAYFUL RELIGI\S TRADITION :I* NEV]!LESS FOCUSES ON A C5TRAL BELIEF3 ?AT MAGICAL =CES CAN BE US$ TO MANIPULATE REALITY4 ,IT MA9TA9S1 LIKE ,BEY1 ?AT ONE CAN A*IEVE 'GNOSIS' ?R\< RITUAL & PSY*$ELIC PRACTICES4 ,GNOSIS GIVES ACCESS TO ! =CES /RUCTUR+ REALITY4 ,SU* ACCESS IS NORMALLY BLOCK$ BY ! MASS M$IA1 OR O!R 'PSY*IC PROPAG&A'4 

,! CONTROV]SIES BETWE5 ,BEY & O!R CONTRIBUTORS W]E FOCUS$ ON ,BEY'S 9SI/5CE ?AT ! DEA?-DRIVE1 OR '?ANATOS'1 BELONGS EXCLUSIVELY TO ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,BEY READS *AOS AS A CREATIVE =CE1 & ! ROLE ( ! ,*AOS MAGICIAN AS 5COMPASS+ O!RS' DESIRES4 ,?IS BR\<T HIM 9TO CONFLICT ) NIHILI/IC & 9DIVIDUALI/IC CONTRIBUTORS4 

,9 ',! ,ONTOLOGICAL ,/ATUS ( ,CONSPIRACY ,!ORY'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT CONSPIRACY !ORY IS RI<T-W+ ONLY BECAUSE IT EMPHASIZES 9DIVIDUAL RA!R ?AN GR\P ACTION AS ! S\RCE ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 VANGU>DI/S BELIEVE ! /ATE IS A CONSPIRACY1 & CONSPIRE TO SEIZE IT4 ,ALT]NATIVELY1 ONE CAN MA9TA9 ?AT ELITES >E 'SIMPLY C>RI$ BY ! FL[ ( HI/ORY'4 ,! /ATE DOES NOT HAVE P[]1 SO MU* AS IT USURPS 9DIVIDUALS' P[]4 

,H[EV]1 SOCIAL =CES DO NOT SIMPLY DET]M9E 9DIVIDUALS4 ,RA!R1 !RE IS ALSO A FE$BACK ME*ANISM 9 :I* PEOPLE MODIFY ! =CES :I* PRODUCE !M4 ,HE CALLS = AN EXI/5TIALI/ VALU+ ( ACT+ AS IF ACTIONS CAN BE EFFECTIVE1 TO AVOID A POV]TY ( BECOM+4 ,WE HAVE TO ACT AS IF WE ACT FREELY1 :E!R WE REALLY DO OR NOT4 ,BEY ALSO SUGGE/S ?AT HI/ORY IS *AOTIC1 & ABRUPT D5IALS ( ALL CONSPIRACY !ORIES REVEAL AN IRRATIONAL FAI? 9 ! SUP]FICIAL SOCIAL WORLD4 

,*AOS & ,TE*NOLOGY 

,= ,BEY1 TE*NIQUES & TE*NOLOGIES >E ASSOCIAT$ ) 'ACTION AT A DI/ANCE'4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS A K9D ( MAGIC4 ,?IS POSITION R5D]S ,BEY BO? SKEPTICAL ( MOD]N TE*NOLOGY1 & HO/ILE TO ! WIDE-RANG+ ANTI-TE*NOLOGY POSITIONS ( SOME ECO-AN>*I/S4 ,= ,WILSON1 WRIT+ 9 ,EC7O7LOGUES1 ONLY A TYPE ( TE*NOLOGY :I* '5HANCES FRE$OM & PLEASURE = ALL HUMANS MORE-OR-LESS EQUALLY' CAN PROVIDE A BASIS = ! FL\RI%+ ( CREATIVITY & 9DIVIDUALITY4 

,NEOLI?IC TE*NOLOGY FITS ?IS DEF9ITION4 ,H[EV]1 SOME MOD]N TE*NOLOGIES - SU* AS BICYCLES & BALLOONS - >E BASICALLY ( ! ,NEOLI?IC TYPE1 EV5 ?\< !Y W]E 9V5T$ MU* LAT]4 ,SIMIL>LY1 R5EWABLE 5]GY1 H&LOOMS & ! LIKE >E ! RI<T K9DS ( TE*NOLOGY4 

,9 A PIECE TITL$ ',DOME/ICATION'1 ,WILSON >GUES = ,F\RI]'S IDEA ( 'HORTICULTURE' AS A SY/EM :I* COMB9ES ASPECTS ( AGRICULTURE & GA!R+4 ,A TRANSITION TO HORTICULTURE SEEMS MORE VIABLE ?AN ! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ IDEA ( A TRANSITION TO HUNT+ & GA!R+4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT DOME/ICATION WAS 9ITIALLY NOT CONTROL1 BUT AN EFFECT ( LOVE 7C>+ = A Y\NG ANIMAL74 ,H[EV]1 9 ANO!R PAP]1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT AGRICULTURE IS ! ONLY TRULY NEW TE*NOLOGY1 & AM\NTS TO 'CUTT+ ! E>?'4 ,IT 9/ANTLY SEEMS A BAD DEAL TO NONAGRICULTURAL PEOPLES1 & LEADS TO AU?ORIT>IANISM4 

,9 ',BACK TO #a#i#a#a'1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT REFUS+ TE*NOLOGIES PA/ A C]TA9 PO9T CAN ALL[ ! RECOV]Y ( IMAG9ATION & 'HUMAN LIFE'4 ,= EXAMPLE1 AMATEUR COMMUNAL MUSIC IS PREF]ABLE TO RECORD$ MUSIC1 & LETT]S TO TELEPHONES4 ,LIKE MANY ( ,BEY'S EXP]IM5TAL PROPOSALS1 ?IS IS A WAY ( CREAT+ ALT]$ EV]YDAY EXP]I5CES4 

,BEY HAS AN AMBIGU\S RELATION%IP TO ECO-AN>*ISM4 ,HE OPPOSES ! REJECTION ( TE*NOLOGY ( AU?ORS SU* AS ,Z]ZAN4 ,BUT HE ALSO CALLS = A PSY*OLOGICAL RETURN ( 'PALEOLI?IC' OR 'PRIMITIVE' TE*NIQUES SU* AS %AMANISM4 ,HE FRAMES ?IS AS A RETURN 9 A PSY*OANALYTIC S5SE - A RETURN ( ! REPRESS$4 ,! PALEOLI?IC CONT9UES TO EXI/ AT AN UNCONSCI\S LEVEL4 ,BEY ALSO SUPPORTS ,LUDDITE TACTICS AGA9/ TE*NOLOGIES US$ = OPPRESSION TODAY1 :ATEV] !IR FUTURE POT5TIAL4 

,BUT *AOS IMPLIES A RI<T TO APPROPRIATE ! HI<-TE* AS WELL AS ! PALEOLI?IC4 ,BEY DOES NOT SEEK TO R$UCE ! LEVEL ( TE*NOLOGY1 BUT 9/EAD TO RECOV] LO/ PSY*OLOGICAL OR SPIRITUAL TE*NIQUES4 ,HE ALSO SUGGE/S !RE IS A K9D ( FUTURE :I* IS AT ONCE PALEOLI?IC & SCI-FI1 & ALSO IMM$IATELY PRES5T TO ?OSE :O CAN FEEL IT4 ,?IS FUTURE 9VOLVES NEW TE*NOLOGIES ( ! ,IMAG9ATION1 & A NEW SCI5CE BEYOND QUANTUM SCI5CE & *AOS !ORY4 

,9 ',PRIMITIVES & ,EXTROPIANS'1 ,BEY RESPONDS TO ! APPEAL ( HIS !ORY BO? TO DEEP ECOLOGICAL & AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ APPROA*ES1 & TO ,9T]NET-FOCUS$ & SCI5CE-FICTION MOVEM5TS1 :I* HAVE RADICALLY DIFF]5T ATTITUDES TO TE*NOLOGY4 ,HE ACCUSES AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S ( A PURITAN IMPULSE :I* USES ! 'PRIMITIVE' AS A METAPHYSICAL PR9CIPLE 7AN ESS5CE1 TRUNK1 OR SPOOK74 

,ON ! O!R SIDE1 PRO-TE*NOLOGY ',EXTROPIANS' LACK A CRITIQUE ( MOD]N TE*NOLOGY4 ,!Y >E ALSO TOO PURI/1 :]EAS ! FIELD ( DESIRE IS 'MESSY'4 ,Z]ZAN CRITICIZ$ ,BEY ON ! BACK ( ?IS >TICLE = FAIL+ TO UND]/& ! OPPRESSIVE EFFECTS ( TE*NOLOGY4 ,9 ,S$UCTION ( ! ,CYB] ,ZOMBIES1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT !RE IS SOME PO9T AT :I* TE*NOLOGY FLIPS FROM S]V+ TO DOM9AT+ HUMANS1 & WE NE$ TO KEEP IT S]V+ HUMANS4 

,BEY CALLS ON PEOPLE TO ?9K AB\T TE*NOLOGY & SOCIETY )\T ABSOLUTE CATEGORIES4 ,9/EAD1 A 'BRICOLAGE' OR AD-HOC APPROA* %\LD BE US$4 ',APPROPRIATE' TE*NOLOGY %\LD BE SELECT$ BAS$ ON MAXIMUM PLEASURE & L[ CO/4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ! BASIC PR9CIPLE AFT] ! SY/EM IS DE/ROY$ W\LD BE FRE$OM FROM CO]CION ( 9DIVIDUALS OR GR\PS BY O!RS4 ,! 'REVOLUTION>Y DESIRE' ( FREELY ACT+ PEOPLE W\LD !N >RIVE AT ! APPROPRIATE LEVEL ( TE*NOLOGY4 

,9 T]MS ( LEVELS ( TE*NOLOGY1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT IT ULTIMATELY COMES D[N TO DESIRE4 ,DO PEOPLE :O WANT COMPUT]S OR SPACE%IPS REALLY WANT !M 5\< TO MAKE ! COMPON5TS !MSELVES8 ,IF SO1 !Y WILL HAPP51 IF NOT1 !Y >E IMPOSSIBLE1 S9CE PEOPLE WILL REJECT ALI5AT$ WORK4 

,:ILE PRIMITIVI/S >E SURE ?AT SU* A SITUATION W\LD PRECLUDE ALL TE*NOLOGY1 ,BEY IS LESS C]TA94 ,BO? SIDES WILL BE RECONCIL$ TO IT BECAUSE IT IS BAS$ ON PLEASURE & SURPLUS1 NOT SC>CITY1 & ! PROCESS ( CREATION & CONVIVIALITY W\LD BE MORE IMM$IATE & HUMAN-SCALE4 

,9 ,T,A,Z1 ,BEY OPPOSES ! IDEA ( A RETURN TO ! ,PALEOLI?IC OR ANY O!R P]IOD4 ,9/EAD1 HE WRITES ( A RETURN ( ! ,PALEOLI?IC ?R\< %AMANIC PRACTICES & Z]O-WORK1 A RETURN ANALOG\S TO ! ,FREUDIAN RETURN ( ! REPRESS$4 ,?IS POSITION IS IMPLICITLY DIRECT$ AGA9/ AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM4 ,SIMIL>LY1 HE REJECTS ! PRIMITIVI/ POSITION ( TRY+ TO REV]SE ! RISE ( AGRICULTURE4 

,LAT]1 H[EV]1 9 ,RIV]PEOPLE1 ,BEY_/,WILSON HAS COME R\ND TO ! VIEW ?AT PEOPLE W]E 'MEANT TO LIVE' LIKE 9DIG5\S HUNT]-GA!R]S OR G>D5]S4 ,?IS IS ! HI< /AGE ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T - NOT TODAY'S ',CIVILIZATION'4 ,HUNT]-GA!R]S MAY KN[ HUNG]1 BUT NOT SC>CITY4 ,HE CALLS = A RETURN TO GA!R+1 HUNT+1 OR SWIDD5 7SLA%-&-BURN7 CULTIVATION1 & ! R5UNCIATION ( LIT]ACY4 

,9 ,%[] ( ,/>S1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT HUNT]-GA!R]S HAVE A WAY ( ?\<T BAS$ ON ! G5]OSITY ( ! MAT]IAL BODILY PR9CIPLE1 SIMIL> TO PEASANT C>NIVALS4 ,HE ALSO >GUES ?AT WILD]NESS CAN BE RECOV]$4 ,EV5 IF IT HAS DISAPPE>$ TODAY1 IT CAN BE RE/OR$ OR SUMMON$ BACK4 ,WE NE$ TO =GET 7BUT NOT =GIVE7 ! SY/EM1 & BECOME RADICALLY O!R TO IT1 REMEMB]+ \R 'PROPHETIC SELVES' & BODIES4 

,9 ,EC7O7LOGUES1 ,WILSON 9CLUDES A ',NEO-,PA/ORALI/ ,MANIFE/O' :I* SUGGE/S 9CULCAT+ SUP]/ITI\S FE> ( NATURE AS A WAY TO 5SURE IT W9S ! 'W> ON NATURE' AGA9/ HUMANS4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT ?AT ANY RETURN TO NATURE TAKE ! =M ( 'COH]5T ACTIONS = RE-5*ANTM5T'1 NOT PASSIVE T\RISM4 

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,*AOS1 ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 & PEAK EXP]I5CES 
,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,*AOS1 ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 & PEAK EXP]I5CES 

,ONTOLOGICAL AN>*I/ ,HAKIM ,BEY >GUES ?AT *AOS IS ONTOLOGICALLY PRIM>Y4 ,MEAN+ CAN ONLY BE PRODUC$ SUBJECTIVELY1 ?R\< SELF-VALORIZATION4 ,9 ?IS ?IRD ESSAY ( ! S]IES1 ,I EXPLORE ! ROLE ( PEAK EXP]I5CE & ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS 9 ONTOLOGICAL AN>*ISM4 ,I EXAM9ES H[ IMM$IACY CAN PROVIDE A BASIS = RESI/ANCE TO ALI5ATION1 EXPLORE ,BEY'S E?ICAL !ORIES1 & LOOK AT :E!R SOCIAL LIFE IS /ILL POSSIBLE IF \T] ORD] IS REJECT$4 

,! ORI5TATION TO *AOS LEADS TO A POLITICAL !ORY ( ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,9 ORD] TO BE FELT AS REALLY MEAN+FUL & EXI/+1 SOME?+ NE$S TO 9T]ACT ) ! BODY & ) IMAG9ATION4 ,IT NE$S TO EXI/ 9 ! 'IMAG9AL' REALM - ! REALM ( IMAGES1 UNCONSCI\S >*ETYPES1 & IMAG9ATION4 ,BEY SEEKS AN 9T5SIFICATION ( EV]YDAY LIFE - A SITUATION 9 :I* M>VEL\S1 EC/ATIC1 9T5SE1 PASSIONATE =CES 5T] 9TO LIFE4 ,! PASSIONS >E NOT PALE %AD[S ( HI<] REALITIES1 AS 9 ,PLATONISM1 BUT >E !MSELVES SUP]NATURAL REALITIES4 ,EV]YDAY LIFE CAN BE RAIS$ OR SUBLIMAT$ TO 'A DEGREE ( 9T5SITY APPROA*+ FULL PRES5CE1 FULL EMBODIM5T - & YET /ILL 9DI/9CT444 AN ]OTIC DREAM ( A UTOPIAN L&SCAPE'4 ,A ,T,A,Z IS A CASE ( LIFE 'SP5D+ ITSELF 9 LIV+'1 RA!R ?AN SIMPLY SURVIV+4 ,IT CAN 5TAIL RISK+ ! ABYSS4 ,?IS POSITION 9VOLVES A P>TICUL> K9D ( AFFECTIVE POLITICS4 ,BEY CLE>LY SEES BOR$OM OR LACK ( MEAN+ AS ! MAJOR PROBLEM 9 CONTEMPOR>Y LIFE4 

,BEY ALSO PROPOSES A P>TICUL> PA? TO CREAT+ MEAN+4 ,*AOS MEANS ?AT ANY?+ ONES DOES MU/ BE 'F\ND$ ON NO?+'4 ,NO SOLID GR\ND+S >E POSSIBLE4 ,YET /ILL1 WE NE$ PROJECTS1 BECAUSE WE >E NOT \RSELVES 'NO?+'4 ,! PROJECT :I* REMA9S IS AN UPRIS+ AGA9/ EV]Y?+ ?AT POSITS AN ESS5TIAL NATURE ( ?+S4 ,AN>*ISM IS FAC$ ) A PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEM D]IV+ FROM ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 MEAN+LESSNESS & E?ICS4 ,IT SEEKS A 'RI<T WAY TO LIVE' 9 AN 'ABSURD UNIV]SE'4 ,9 ',! ,PALIMPSE/'1 ,BEY DI/+UI%ES BETWE5 !ORY - :I* DRIFTS NOMADICALLY - & IDEOLOGY1 :I* IS RIGID1 & CREATES CITIES & MORAL LAWS4 

,IDEOLOGY RE-ORD]S ! WORLD FROM \TSIDE1 :]EAS !ORY REFUSES TO LET GO ( DESIRE & ?US CREATES ORGANIC MOVEM5TS4 ,!ORY IS LIKE A PALIMPSE/1 9 :I* DIFF]5T TEXTS >E WRITT5 OV] ONE ANO!R4 ,! IDEA ( !ORY AS A PALIMPSE/ COMES FROM ,D]RIDA4 ,H[EV]1 ,BEY IS LOOK+ = 'BUR/S ( LI<T'1 MOM5TS ( 9T5SITY1 RA!R ?AN ,D]RIDEAN IRONIES4 ,HE IS SEEK+ VALUES1 OR ! CREATIVE CAPACITY TO CREATE VALUES \T ( DESIRES4 ,BEY'S /YLE ( !ORY AIMS TO BE A LUDIC 7PLAY-BAS$7 APPROA*4 ,IT IS NOT MORAL RELATIVISM 9 ! USUAL S5SE4 ,A VIEWPO9T IS GIV5 VALUE BY A K9D ( SUBJECTIVE TELEOLOGY - ! 9DIVIDUAL'S SE>* = PURPOSES1 GOALS1 & OBJECTS ( DESIRE4 ,! EPI/EMOLOGY 7WAY ( LE>N+ & KN[+7 ASSOCIAT$ ) ?IS !ORY WILL 9VOLVE JUXTAPOS+ DI/9CT ELEM5TS1 RA!R ?AN DEVELOP+ !M CONSI/5TLY4 

,AW>5ESS ( *AOS IS 9T5SIFI$ BY ALT]$ /ATES ( CONSCI\SNESS & 9T5SE EXP]I5CES1 9CLUD+ ?OSE >IS+ FROM PSY*$ELIC DRUGS1 %AMANISM1 M$ITATION1 & AES!TICIZ$ LIV+4 ,SU* PRACTICES >E WAYS ( SUCK+ EV]Y?+ PRES5T 9TO ! ,O!R ,WORLD1 ! SPIRITUAL OR *AOTIC WORLD4 ,!Y >E ATTEMPTS TO RECONNECT ) 'ORIG9AL 9TIMACY'1 PRIOR TO COGNITION4 ,)\T SU* 'HI<] /ATES ( CONSCI\SNESS'1 AN>*ISM DRIES UP 9 RES5TM5T & MIS]Y4 ,H5CE ! NE$ = AN AN>*ISM BO? MY/ICAL & PRACTICAL4 ,BEY LI/S A WIDE RANGE ( POSSIBLE S\RCES ( SU* 9T5SE1 UNM$IAT$ P]CEPTION1 9CLUD+ 9SPIRATION1 DANG]1 >*ITECTURE1 DR9K & SEXUALITY4 ,ONE PASSAGE REF]S TO ,IRANIAN POETRY SET TO MUSIC & *ANT$ OR SUNG1 PRODUC+ AN AFFECT KN[N AS HAL - SOME:]E BETWE5 HYP]AW>5ESS & AN ES!TIC MOOD4 ,ANO!R PASSAGE REF]S TO ! TE*NIQUES ( H]ETICS & MY/ICS1 SEEK+ 9N] LIB]ATION4 ,SOME SU* TE*NIQUES GET TRAPP$ 9 RELIGION1 :]EAS O!RS BECOME REVOLUTION>Y4 ,BEY USES ! T]M 'MAGIC' OR 'SORC]Y' = PRACTICES :I* CULTIVATE ALT]$ AW>5ESS & DISRUPT ! FALSE SELVES ?AT RESULT FROM ORD9>Y P]CEPTION4 ,A SORC]] RECOGNIZES ! REALITY ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,?IS LEADS TO A /ATE ( 9TOXICATION4 ,SORC]Y IS A SET ( MEANS TO SU/A9 ?IS /ATE ( BE+1 & EXP& IT TO O!R PEOPLE4 

,SU* PRACTICES PRODUCE A P>TICUL> RELATION%IP TO ! UNIV]SE4 ,TRUE MY/ICISM CREATES :AT ,BEY CALLS A 'SELF AT PEACE'1 A 'SELF ) P[]'4 ,AW>5ESS ( ! 'IMMAN5T ON5ESS ( BE+' IS AT ! ROOT ( V>I\S AN>*I/IC H]ESIES SU* AS ! ,RANT]S & ,ASSASS9S4 ,ANO!R PASSAGE 7FROM ! ,BLACK ,FEZ ,MANIFE/O7 REF]S TO ! 'POT5TIAL ( AN IDL5ESS MONEY CAN'T BUY1 ! ?RILL ( ZIL*1 ! Z5 ( ,Z]O,WORK'4 ,?IS IDL5ESS1 'NATURAL TO *ILDHOOD1 MU/ BE /R5U\SLY DEF5D$'4 ,BEY EFFECTIVELY CALLS = US TO AVOID BE+ BROK5-9 BY CAPITALISM1 TO REMA9 9 OR RETURN TO A *ILDHOOD ORI5TATION TO PLAY & IMM$IACY4 ,A %AMAN ( B>D USES A COMB9ATION ( WORDS1 MUSIC & >*ETYPES TO CREATE ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,EV]YONE IS AN >TI/1 BUT NOT NECESS>ILY ALL ( ! SAME TYPE4 ,SOME MI<T SPECIALIZE 9 ! 'GR& 9TEGRATIVE P[]S ( CREATIVITY' OR TELL+ ! 'C5TRAL /ORIES' ( ! GR\P4 ,SU* 9TEGRATION BY B>DS IS POSIT$ AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO 9TEGRATION BY LAWS4 

,MANY FIELDS ( LIFE >E ALREADY 9FLECT$ ) ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,H]METIC P[]S HAVE BE5 APPROPRIAT$ BY DOM9ANT 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! MEANS TO PREV5T SU* CAPTURE IS TO 9SI/ ?AT EA* ADEPT CONTROL ! P[]S1 RA!R ?AN BE MANIPULAT$ ?R\< !M4 ,BEY P]IODICALLY REF]S TO ,BAKHT9'S 'MAT]IAL BODILY PR9CIPLE'1 OR ! VALU+ ( ! BODY 9 C>NIVAL1 AS TYPICAL ( 9T5SITY4 ,HE C\NT]POSES ! CELEBRATION ( ! BODY TO GNO/IC BODY-HATR$1 :I* HE BELIEVES IS PREVAL5T 9 ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,9 A POEM1 ,WILSON SUGGE/S ?AT ANIMALS ALREADY PRACTICE Z][ORK ECONOMICS4 

,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT LANGUAGE DOES NOT HAVE TO BE REPRES5TATIONAL4 ,! /RUCTURE ( LANGUAGE MAY TURN \T TO BE *AOTIC1 OR COMPLEX & DYNAMIC4 ,GRAMM> MI<T BE A /RANGE ATTRACTOR1 RA!R ?AN A /RUCTUR+ LAW4 ,LANGUAGE IS A BRIDGE 7( TRANSLATION OR METAPHOR7 & NOT A /RUCTURE ( RESEMBLANCE4 ,LANGUAGE %\LD BE 'ANGELIC' - SIMIL> TO ! FIGURE ( ! ANGEL AS MESS5G] OR 9T]M$I>Y4 ,IT %\LD C>RY MAGIC BETWE5 SELF & O!R4 ,9/EAD IT IS 9FECT$ ) A VIRUS ( SAM5ESS & ALI5ATION4 ,?IS VIRUS IS ! S\RCE ( ! MA/]-SIGNIFI] 9 LANGUAGE4 

,9 MANY WAYS1 ,BEY'S WORK CAN BE UND]/OOD AS A !ORY ( ALI5ATION4 ,ALI5ATION 7:E!R SOCIAL1 PSY*OLOGICAL OR ECOLOGICAL7 SEP>ATES US FROM AW>5ESS (1 & LIFE 91 ONTOLOGICAL *AOS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 BELIEF 9 ORD] LEADS TO NORMATIVITIES ( GOOD & EVIL1 BODY-%AME1 & SO ON4 ,! FAMILY IS CRITICIZ$ = 5C\RAG+ MIS]L9ESS ) LOVE4 ,*RI/IANITY1 EV5 9 ITS LIB]ATIONI/ V>IANTS1 IS CONDEMN$4 ,! PO9T IS TO SEIZE BACK PRES5CE FROM ! ABS5CE CREAT$ BY AB/RACTION4 ,LIFE BELONGS NEI!R TO PA/ NOR FUTURE1 BUT TO ! PRES5T4 ,IDEALIZ$ PA/S & FUTURES >E REJECT$ AS B>RI]S TO PRES5CE4 ,TIME CAN BECOME AU!NTIC & *AOTIC BY BE+ RELEAS$ FROM PLANN$ GRIDS4 

,BEY CRITICIZES NEGATIVE ONTOLOGY1 9 :I* HE APP>5TLY 9CLUDES MU* ( PO//RUCTURALISM1 = FLATT5+ REALITY ONTO A S+LE1 LEVEL PLA94 ,?IS PROCESS MAKES ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS & ESCAPE FROM CAPITALISM DIFFICULT4 ,EV]Y?+ BECOMES EQUALLY MEAN+LESS4 ,NEGATIVE CONSCI\SNESS IS A PR$ICTABLE EFFECT ( ! PRES5T SY/EM4 ,BUT = ,BEY IT IS A K9D ( 'SPOOK-SICKNESS' CAUS$ BY ALI5ATION4 ,IT S]VES ! /ATUS QUO1 BECAUSE IT KEEPS PEOPLE AFRAID1 & RELIANT ON LEAD]S = SALVATION4 ,?IS MAKES ATTACKS ON LEAD]S SEEM /UPID4 ,IT CREATES A B9>Y BETWE5 PO9TLESS ACTION & S5SIBLE PASSIVITY4 ,?IS >GUM5T IS SIMIL> TO MY [N WORK ON !ORIES ( CON/ITUTIVE LACK4 

,*AOS IS MISAPPROPRIAT$ :5 US$ AS A SCI5TIFIC BASIS = DEA?1 AS NIHILISM1 OR = SCAMS4 ,*AOS IS EV]Y:]E1 & SO IS UNSALEABLE4 ,AT ONE PO9T1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT BO? ,NEW ,AGE SPIRITUALITY & RELIGI\S FUNDAM5TALISMS D]IVE !IR P[] FROM ! SPIRITUAL EMPT9ESS ( MOD]N LIFE4 ,H[EV]1 !Y DIV]T ! REJECTION ( EMPT9ESS 9TO NEW AB/RACTIONS - COMMODIFICATION 9 ! ,NEW ,AGE1 MORALITY 9 FUNDAM5TALISM4 ,ESCAP+ SPIRITUAL EMPT9ESS 9/EAD REQUIRES ESCAP+ AB/RACTIONS4 

,BEY SPECIFICALLY REJECTS ! VIEW ( *AOS AS LACK1 5TROPY1 OR NIHILISM4 ,9/EAD1 HE >GUES ?AT *AOS IS ,TAO1 OR CONT9UAL CREATION4 ,IT IS A FIELD ( POT5TIAL 5]GY RA!R ?AN EXHAU/ION1 ( EV]Y?+ RA!R ?AN NO?+4 ,BEY SPEAKS ( MOM5TS :5 HE'S OV]COME ! FEEL+ ( P[]LESSNESS & FUTILITY4 ,HE WRITES ?AT !SE >E ! ONLY TIMES HE BREAKS ?R\< 9TO A /ATE ( CONSCI\SNESS :I* FEELS LIKE HEAL?4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ACTION IS NECESS>Y TO DISALI5ATE1 EV5 IF IT HAS NO \T] EFFECT4 ,EXI/5CE IS A MEAN+LESS ABYSS4 ,YET ?IS IS NOT CAUSE = PESSIMISM4 ,RA!R1 IT LEADS TO AN OP5 WORLD 9 :I* WE CAN CREATE OR BE/[ MEAN+ ?R\< ACTION1 PLAY1 & WILL4 

,BEY SEEKS TO MAKE AN (F] ( DISALI5ATION1 :I*1 ONCE FELT1 BREAKS ! FUNCTION+ ( CAPITALISM4 ,EV5 A FEW MOM5TS ( JOY MAY BE WOR? CONSID]ABLE SACRIFICE4 ,AW>5ESS ( ! HOLISM ( BE+1 OR 'METANOIA'1 CAN GO BEYOND CATEGORIZ$ ?9K+ 9TO SMOO?1 NOMADIC1 OR *AOTIC ?9K+ & P]CEPTION4 ,BEY D5IES ?AT HE IS PO9T+ TO A SECRET :I* HE IS REFUS+ TO %>E4 ,RA!R1 ! MAT]IAL BODILY PR9CIPLE IS SECRET BECAUSE IT IS =GOTT54 ,! BODY IS DEGRAD$ BO? BY ! WORLD ( IMAGES & BY BODILY N>CISSISM4 

,IMM$IACY1 OR PRES5CE1 IS A C5TRAL CONCEPT = ,BEY4 ,IMM$IACY IS VALU$ AS A C\NT]PO9T TO REPRES5TATION & SIMULATION - :I* >E DEF9ITIVE ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM4 ,IMM$IACY CAN ALSO BE EXPRESS$ 9 OR ?R\< REPRES5TATION1 BY MEANS ( *AOTIC PROCESSES :I* DISRUPT ORD]4 ,! SPIRITUALITY ( PLEASURE1 AS ,BEY T]MS IT1 EXI/S ONLY 9 A PRES5CE :I* DISAPPE>S IF IT IS REPRES5T$4 ,9 ,BEY'S READ+ ( RELIGI\S IMP]ATIVES1 SU* IMP]ATIVES >E NOT \T] IMPOSITIONS BUT A K9D ( 9N] *OICE - TO LIVE FULLY1 OR TO RISK DY+ )\T HAV+ LIV$4 ,! PO9T SEEMS TO BE TO EXP]I5CE *AOS AS PLAY1 RA!R ?AN TRAUMA4 ',! UNIV]SE'1 ,BEY /ATES AT ONE PO9T1 'WANTS TO PLAY'4 ,ONE LOSES ONE'S HUMANITY OR DIV9ITY IF ONE REFUSES TO PLAY4 ,PEOPLE SOMETIMES REFUSE TO PLAY DUE TO ALI5AT$ MOTIVES RANG+ FROM DULL ANGUI% TO GRE$ TO CONTEMPLATION4 ,! 'MAGIC' PRACTICES ( ,BEY'S POLITICS >E WAYS ( EXP]I5C+ *AOS 9 A SUITABLY JOYFUL WAY4 ,9 ,SC&AL1 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT ONE CAN H&LE PA91 SUFF]+ & NEGATIVE EMOTIONS BY RITUALIZ+ !M1 TURN+ !M 9TO REV]SIBLE SYMBOLS4 ,CULTURES ALSO SYMBOLIZE & *ANNEL ! POT5TIALLY DE/RUCTIVE P[] ( ,]OS4 ,BEY 9SI/S ?AT ?IS APPROA* DOES NOT D5Y ?AT !RE >E UGLY1 FRI<T5+ ?+S 9 ! WORLD4 ,H[EV]1 MANY ( !SE CAN BE OV]COME4 ,!Y CAN ONLY BE OV]COME IF PEOPLE BUILD AN ES!TIC FROM OV]COM+ RA!R ?AN FE>4 ,IF ONE READS HI/ORY ?R\< 'BO? HEMISPH]ES' - MEAN+ BO? AFFECTIVELY & LOGICALLY - !N ONE REALIZES ! WORLD CON/ANTLY UND]GOES DEA? & REBIR?4 

,IF LIFE IS *AOS1 !N ,BEY'S RESPONSE IS :AT HE SOMETIMES T]MS 'AIMLESS W&]+' OR NOMADISM1 & COMP>ES TO ! ,SITUATIONI/ DRIVE & ,SUFI 'J\RNEY+'4 ,NOMADISM1 ALONG ) ! ,UPRIS+1 PROVIDES A MODEL = EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,9 ,SACR$ ,DRIFT1 ,WILSON 9VOKES ! FIGURE ( ! 'ROOTLESS COSMOPOLITAN'1 A ,/AL9I/ SL&] AGA9/ ,JEWS1 AS A G5]AL MOD]N /RATEGY4 ,PEOPLE W&] OR DRIFT TODAY BECAUSE NO?+ FIXES !M 9 PLACE OR COMM&S FIX$ LOYALTIES4 ,?IS PROCESS ( MOVEM5T IS ALSO A K9D ( PSY*OLOGICAL NOMADISM :I* MOVES AMONG DIFF]5T BODIES ( !ORY4 ,!RE IS AN AMBIGUITY 9 ?AT1 S9CE BE+ IS ON5ESS1 J\RNEYS />T & 5D 9 ! SAME PLACE4 

,= ,BEY1 LIFE IS TO BE LIV$ ?R\< PEAK EXP]I5CES1 & CONVIVIALITY4 ,! PEAK EXP]I5CE BECOMES ! GOAL ( AIMLESS W&]+1 MU* LIKE A %R9E IS ! GOAL ( A PILGRIMAGE4 ,BEY'S CONCEPT ( PEAK EXP]I5CE IS MODIFI$ FROM ,MASL['S4 ,AGA9/ ! FALSE UNITY ( A FLATT5$1 COMMODIFI$ WORLD1 ,BEY >GUES = DISLOYALTY TO ! DOM9ANT CULTURE & NOMADIC MOVEM5T AMONG DIFF]5T ALT]NATIVES4 

,9 A POEM 9 ! ,BLACK ,FEZ ,MANIFE/O1 ,BEY CITES ,IBN ,KHALDUN'S VIEW ?AT NOMADS :O AWAKE AT NI<T TO SEE ! />S >E LIKE ANIMALS REASSUR$ ! UNIV]SE IS /ILL !RE4 ,BUT HE ADDS ?AT CITY-DWELL]S :O AWAKE SIMIL>LY :ILE ON A TRIP >E SUCK$ 9TO 'PANIC' & 'FREEFALL'4 ,! PO9T H]E SEEMS TO BE ?AT ! EXP]I5CE ( *AOS IS NEGATIVE ONLY BECAUSE ( ! HABITS & ALI5ATION ( MOD]N SUBJECTS4 ,EMBRAC+ *AOS IS NOT A LOSS 9 ITSELF1 BUT SEEMS AS SU* FROM A C]TA9 PO9T ( VIEW1 BECAUSE ( A LACK ( FAMILI>ITY ) *AOS4 ,MOD]NITY OR ! ,5LI<T5M5T TRIES TO BLOT \T ! />S ) LI<T POLLUTION1 TO DE/ROY ! VITALITY ( NI<T4 ,NI<T H]E SYMBOLIZES A TYPE ( 5]GY ASSOCIAT$ ) SMOO? SPACE & ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,9 A RELAT$ PIECE1 ,BEY CALLS = A ',BUREAU ( ,5D>K5M5T' TO 5C\RAGE SUP]/ITIONS AB\T TE*NOLOGIES SU* AS C>S & ELECTRICITY4 

,E?ICS & SOCIETY 

,LIKE O!R PO/-LEFT & POLITICS-(-DESIRE WRIT]S1 ,BEY REJECTS NORMATIVITY & TOP-D[N MORALITY4 ,9/EAD1 HE >GUES = A TYPE ( IMMAN5T E?ICS BAS$ ON ONE'S [N DESIRE & E?OS4 ,9 A FRAGM5T ON CRIME1 ,BEY DEF9ES JU/ICE AS ACTION 9 L9E ) SPONTANE\S NATURE4 ,HE >GUES ?AT IT CANNOT BE OBTA9$ BY ANY LAW OR DOGMA4 ,! MOM5T SOMEONE DISCOV]S & ACTS 9 L9E ) A MODE ( BE+ DIFF]5T FROM ALI5AT$ REALITY1 ! /ATE OR 'LAW' TRIES TO CRU% IT4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT WE >E ALL CRIM9ALS4 ,9/EAD ( CLAIM+ M>TYRDOM AS VICTIMS ( P]SECUTION1 WE %\LD ADMIT ?AT \R V]Y NATURE IS CRIM9AL4 

,ONTOLOGICAL FRE$OM /EMS FROM ONTOLOGICAL *AOS4 ,WE >E ALREADY SOV]EIGNS 9 \R [N SK9S1 BY VIRTUE ( ! ABS5CE ( ORD]4 ,FRE$OM IS NOT1 !RE=E1 SOME?+ WE HAVE TO A*IEVE ?R\< REVOLUTION OR /RUGGLE4 ,FRE$OM IS REALIZ$ 9 ! EXP]I5CE ( 9T5SITY1 OR EMOTION EXP]I5C$ TO ! PO9T ( BE+ OV]:ELM$4 ,BEY SUPPORTS ,F\RI]'S IDEA ?AT UNREPRESS$ PASSIONS PROVIDE ! ONLY BASIS = SOCIAL H>MONY4 ,H[EV]1 PEOPLE ALSO SEEK O!R SOV]EIGNS 7I4E4 O!R AUTONOM\S SUBJECTS7 = RELATIONS4 ,RECIPROCITY1 OR PLEASURE ) O!RS1 IS ! NON-PR$ATORY EXPANSION ( 9T5SITY4 ,IT IS A K9D ( ]OS ( ! SOCIAL4 ,9 ONE PASSAGE1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT 'EA* ( US [NS HALF ! MAP'1 SO F9D+ 9T5SITY IS (T5 A COOP]ATIVE ACTIVITY4 ,HE SUGGE/S ?AT ! SELF_/O!R OR 9DIVIDUAL_/GR\P CONTRADICTIONS >E FALSE DI*OTOMIES CREAT$ BY ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,SELF & O!R >E COMPLEM5T>Y4 ,! ,EGO & ,SOCIETY >E ABSOLUTES :I* DO NOT EXI/4 ,RA!R1 PEOPLE >E DRAWN 9TO COMPLEX RELATIONS 9 A FIELD ( *AOS4 ,BEY REF]S TO ,/IRN]'S UNION ( SELF-[N+ ONES1 ,NIETZS*E'S CIRCLE ( FREE SPIRITS1 & ,F\RI]'S PASSIONAL S]IES AS 9SPIRATIONS = SU* RELATIONS4 ,!Y 9VOLVE PROCESSES ( R$\BL+ ONESELF AS O!RS ALSO DO SO4 ,! 'GRATUIT\S CREATIVITY' ( SU* A GR\P W\LD REPLACE ! SPECIALIZ$ FIELD ( >T4 

,9 A S5SE1 ,BEY IS CON/RUCT+ A VIRTUE E?ICS V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ! USUAL TYPE1 9 :I* VIRTU\S LIFE CONSI/S 9 ! PURSUIT ( PEAK EXP]I5CES & A TYPE ( LIV+ COMPATIBLE ) ONTOLOGICAL *AOS4 ,SOME READ]S SEE ,BEY'S POLITICS AS EMPHASIZ+ S9C]ITY AS A VIRTUE4 ,9 SU* A WORLDVIEW1 5JOYM5T IS ALMO/ A MORAL IMP]ATIVE4 ,ONE HAS AN OBLIGATION TO EXP]I5CE JOY1 & NOT PO/PONE IT TO ! FUTURE OR AFT]LIFE1 SO AS TO DO JU/ICE TO ONESELF4 ,9 ,SACR$ ,DRIFT1 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT ?IS IS A PR]EQUISITE = DO+ JU/ICE TO O!RS4 ,BY COMB9+ V>I\S ,SUFI !ORIES ( DISALI5ATION1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT WE >RIVE AT A POSITION :I* VALORIZES ALL K9DS ( SEXUALITIES1 BO? AS P]MITT$ BODILY 5JOYM5T & SPIRITUAL PRACTICE4 

,BEY1 FOLL[+ ,BOB ,BLACK1 FAVORS ! ABOLITION ( WORK4 ,! SUBSET ( WORK-LIKE TASKS :I* REMA9 NECESS>Y >E TO BECOME A K9D ( PLAY = ?OSE ATTRACT$ TO !M4 ,BEY ?9KS ?AT RELATIONS AMONG AUTONOM\S BE+S MI<T F9D WAYS ( WORK+ !MSELVES \T4 ,HE SOMETIMES SUGGE/S ?AT WE >E ALL 'MON>*S' OR 'SOV]EIGNS'4 ,TODAY WE SURVIVE AS PRET5D]S1 BUT WE CAN /ILL SEIZE A LITTLE REALITY = \RSELVES4 ,MON>*Y IS CLOS] TO AN>*Y ?AN O!R =MS ( GOV]NM5T1 BECAUSE IT RECOGNIZES 9DIVIDUAL SOV]EIGNTY4 ,BEY H]E PLAYS ON ! ,SITUATIONI/ IDEA ( 'MA/]S )\T S]VANTS'1 :I* IS AN EGALIT>IAN ATTEMPT TO ADDRESS HI]>*ICAL ASPECTS ( ,NIETZS*E4 

,H[EV]1 ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT PEOPLE %\LD OPTIMIZE !IR [N 5JOYM5T 9 PR$ATORY WAYS4 ,! PO9T IS TO REALIZE 9T5SITY 9 ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 NOT TO APPROPRIATE ALI5AT$ EXP]I5CES 9 A MAXIMIZ+ WAY4 ,9 ',! ,ANTI-,CALIPH'1 ,WILSON DI/ANCES HIS POSITION FROM 'LIB]T9ISM'1 9 ! S5SE ( DO+ :AT ONE LIKES REG>DLESS ( O!RS' VALUES OR LIVES4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AN ANT9OMIAN 7,WILSON_/,BEY'S POSITION7 & A LIB]T9E IS ?AT ! =M] ACTS FROM A P]SONAL E?IC4 ,?IS E?IC IS CONSID]$ HI<] ?AN \T] LAWS & SOCIAL NORMS1 & ?US PROVIDES A BASIS = DEFY+ !M4 ,SU* AN E?IC IS MORE DEM&+ ?AN NORMATIVITY OR LAW1 S9CE IT 9VOLVES ! EXPANSION ( ! SELF TO 9CLUDE O!RS1 RA!R ?AN SELF- OR O!R-D5IAL4 

',A FRE$OM OR PLEASURE ?AT RE/S ON SOMEONE ELSE'S SLAV]Y OR MIS]Y CANNOT F9ALLY SATISFY ! SELF BECAUSE IT IS A LIMITATION OR N>R[+ ( ! SELF1 AN ADMISSION ( IMPOT5CE1 AN (F5SE AGA9/ G5]OSITY & JU/ICE'4 

,BEY DOES NOT WANT TO REALIZE DESIRES AT ! EXP5SE ( O!RS' MIS]Y - NOT = MORAL REASONS1 BUT BECAUSE IT IS SELF-DEFEAT+4 ,MIS]Y BRE$S MIS]Y1 & DESIRES TO CAUSE MIS]Y /EM FROM PSY*OLOGICAL IMPOV]I%M5T4 ,HE IS SYMPA!TIC TO ,F\RI]'S >GUM5T ?AT DESIRE IS IMPOSSIBLE UNLESS ALL DESIRES >E POSSIBLE4 ,EV]YONE ASPIRES TO C]TA9 'GOOD ?+S' :I* >E AVAILABLE ONLY AMONG FREE SPIRITS4 ,?IS IS P>TICUL>LY TRUE 9 CASES ( LOVE4 ,! SPIRITUAL MEAN+ ( SEXUALITY1 = 9/ANCE1 PRECLUDES UNC>+1 VIOL5T & DOM9AT+ TYPES ( SEX4 ,BEY ?US ADVOCATES ! DE/RUCTION ( ALL SOCIAL RELATIONS :I* TREAT SOME AS SUBORD9ATE TO OR [N$ BY O!RS - 9CLUD+ M>RIAGE & ! FAMILY4 ,ONE'S SEXUAL CODE %\LD BE 'BO? HI<LY E?ICAL & HI<LY HUMANE'1 VALU+ BO? PLEASURE & CONVIVIALITY4 ,IT %\LD 9CLUDE A SPIRITUAL DIM5SION1 & NOT SUCCUMB TO 'JOYLESS COMMODIFICATION' OR 'VULG> MAT]IALISM'4 ,SU* AN E?IC IS DI/9CT FROM NORMATIVITY1 & CONT9U\S ) %AMANISM4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,BEY REM>KS ?AT PAGANISM 9V5TS VIRTUES1 BUT NOT LAWS4 

',WRONG' 9 ,BEY'S CODE ( E?ICS MEANS C\NT]PRODUCTIVE & SELF-IMMIS]AT+4 ,CAUS+ MIS]Y TO O!RS IS WRONG BECAUSE IT IS SELF-DEFEAT+ 7MIS]Y BRE$S MIS]Y74 ,?OSE :O IMMIS]ATE O!RS >E 9 ,BEY'S EXP]I5CE PSY*OLOGICALLY POOR1 & !MSELVES MIS]ABLE4 ,BEY ASSOCIATES DE ,SADE ) FASCISM - ! SATISFACTION ( DESIRES ( AN ELITE ?R\< ! CREATION ( 5EMIES & VICTIMS4 ,AGA9/ !SE POSITIONS1 ,BEY TURNS TO ,F\RI]'S VIEW ?AT DESIRE IS IMPOSSIBLE UNLESS ALL DESIRES >E POSSIBLE4 ,?IS SEEMS TO BE P>TLY A RESPONSE TO ,BOOK*9'S CRITIQUE4 ,IT IS A SIMIL> CRITIQUE ( SIMPLE EGOISM TO ?AT F\ND1 = 9/ANCE1 9 ,ANCI5T ,GREEK ?\<T1 :I* SIMIL>LY >GU$ = E?ICAL POSITIONS )\T ASSUM+ A /&PO9T HI<] ?AN ! SELF4 

,O!R PASSAGES ALSO EMPHASIZE ! RELATIONAL ASPECT ( *AOS & BECOM+4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT SPEE* IS DIALOGICAL OR 'DIADIC' 9 /RUCTURE4 ,IT RELIES ON A PAIR+ ( SPEAK] & HE>]1 & ?IS PAIR+ CAN BE REV]S$4 ,9 ,SACR$ ,DRIFT1 ,WILSON >GUES = RECIPROCITY1 %>+1 MUTUAL B5EFIT1 & H>MONY1 9/EAD ( EI!R QU>REL+ OR SUBMITT+4 ,9 ',UTOPIAN ,BLUES'1 HE CLAIMS ?AT UTOPIA IS A UNITY1 NOT A UNI=MITY4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON SOME?+ LIKE ,F\RI]'S IDEA ( H>MONIZATION - A COMB9ATION ( WIDELY DIFF]5T PEOPLE & DESIRES1 ?R\< EA* PURSU+ !IR [N ATTRACTIONS4 ,UTOPIAN DESIRE 'NEV] COMES TO AN 5D1 EV5 - OR ESPECIALLY - 9 UTOPIA'4 

,! PRIM>Y CONFLICT ( ! CURR5T WORLD IS ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! AU?ORITY ( ! TYRANT & ! AU?ORITY ( ! REALIZ$ SELF4 ,9 ,EC7O7LOGUES1 ,WILSON CLAIMS ?AT SOCIAL LIFE IS TO BE BAS$ ON CONVIVIALITY & CREATIVITY1 RA!R ?AN M$IATION4 ,A KEY /EP T[>DS A DIFF]5T WAY ( BE+ IS TO SUMMON ! WILL TO EXP]I5CE O!R LIV+ BE+S AS RELATIVES OR RELATIONS4 ,! VALUATION ( A DIFF]5T K9D ( WORLD IS CRUCIAL H]E4 ,MANY PEOPLE >E =C$ TO LIVE BY MEANS ( CONVIVIALITY OR SOCIAL NETWORKS DUE TO POV]TY 7= 9/ANCE1 COLLECTIVE SQUATT+74 ,!Y DON'T NECESS>ILY VALUE SU* PRACTICES4 ,H[EV]1 ONTOLOGICAL AN>*Y VALUES SU* A WAY ( LIFE AS PREF]ABLE TO MASS CONSUM]ISM4 

,AT TIMES1 ! IMP]ATIVE TO SUPPORT *AOS & PROMOTE FRE$OM LEAD TO AMBIVAL5T POSITIONS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,BEY IS AMBIVAL5T AB\T ABORTION1 SUPPORT+ WOM5'S FRE$OM BUT DESIR+ ?AT ! 5TROPIC =CE ( FAMILY PLANN+ BE NEGAT$ BY *AOS4 ,?IS POSITION DOES NOT IMPLY OPTIMISM AB\T HUMAN NATURE4 ,BEY OPPOSES ! VIEW ?AT HUMANS >E 'BASICALLY GOOD'4 ,9/EAD1 HE >GUES AGA9/ O!RS HOLD+ P[] 'PRECISELY BECAUSE WE DON'T TRU/ ! BA/>DS'4 ,9 ANO!R PASSAGE 9 ,SACR$ ,DRIFT1 HE >GUES ?AT BRILLIANCE IS NOT ITSELF DESIRABLE4 ,HE OBS]VES ?AT PEOPLE CAN BE BRILLIANT = GOOD ?+S LIKE LOVE OR HUMANITY1 BUT ALSO = BAD ?+S LIKE HATR$ & SELF-AGGR&IZEM5T4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE1 !RE IS A NE$ = SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ BRILLIANCE4 ,! BE/ ( HUMAN POT5TIALITY SEEMS TO COME \T 9 ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 :]EAS CAPITALISM /IMULATES ! WOR/4 

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,ALI5ATION & ,! ,/ATE 
,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,ALI5ATION & ,! ,/ATE 

,HAKIM ,BEY'S ,T,A,Z IS A WELL-KN[N MANIFE/O ( ANTI-CAPITALISM1 PROVID+ A MODEL = ALT]NATIVE LIV+4 ,YET ,BEY'S WORK HAS BE5 CRITICIZ$ = NEGLECT+ ! CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM4 ,9 ! F\R? & FIF? P>TS ( ! S]IES1 ,I AIM TO %[ ?AT ,BEY HAS AN A/UTE1 UNUSUAL ANALYSIS ( ! /RUCTURE ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM4 ,?IS F\R? P>T EXPLORES ! VIEW ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM AS A ',SPECTACLE'1 ! !ORY ( ALI5ATION1 & ! HI/ORY & CONTEMPOR>Y =MS ( ! /ATE4 

,BEY'S WORK IS ?OR\<LY ANTI-CAPITALI/4 ,CRITICS SOMETIMES MISS ?IS FACT BECAUSE ( ,BEY'S UNUSUAL T]M9OLOGY4 ,HE R>ELY TALKS AB\T 'CAPITALISM'4 ,NEV]!LESS1 HIS !ORY IS CLE>LY DIRECT$ AT A MORE-OR-LESS UNIT>Y ADV]S>Y1 ID5TIFIABLE AS CAPITALISM OR MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,BEY SEEKS TO *ALL5GE ! :OLE SY/EM1 RA!R ?AN BE DI/RACT$ BY ANY P>TICUL> ISSUE4 ,HE DOES NOT SEE P[] AS LOCALIZ$1 DIFFUSE1 OR IRRELEVANT4 ,9 ?IS COLUMN & ELSE:]E1 ,I'VE G5]ALLY P>APHRAS$ ,BEY US+ ! WORDS 'SY/EM' & ',SPECTACLE'4 ,9 FACT1 ,BEY T5DS NOT TO TALK AB\T ! SY/EM 9 SU* G5]AL T]MS4 ,HE ASSUMES IT 9 ! BACKGR\ND ( HIS !ORY4 ,:5 HE NAMES IT AT ALL1 HE USES T]MS LIKE 'CONS5SUS REALITY'1 'SC>CITY'1 & 'IMAGES'4 ,SOMETIMES1 ,BEY USES ! ,HEGELIAN T]M ',TOTALITY' TO REF] TO :AT HE CONSID]S ! FALSE CONS5SUS EXPRESS$ ON BEHALF ( SOCIETY4 ,HE ALSO SOMETIMES USES ! T]M ,SPECTACLE1 D]IV$ FROM ,SITUATIONISM4 ,O!R TIMES1 ,BEY REF]S TO ! ,PLANET>Y ,WORK ,MA*9E 7FROM ,P4,M4'S ,BOLO',BOLO71 OR TO ,EMPIRE 7FROM ,H>DT & ,NEGRI4 ,:ILE !SE T]MS DON'T NECESS>ILY CONNOTE A DOM9ANT SY/EM = SOME READ]S1 !Y >E US$ 9 A WAY :I* CLE>LY REF]S TO A SY/EMIC /RUCTURE4 ,9 A RELAT$ DISCUSSION1 ,SELL>S SUGGE/S ?AT ,BEY'S VIEW ( ! SY/EM IS BASICALLY ,DEBORD'S4 

,BEY'S !ORY ( CAPITALISM DRAWS HEAVILY ON ! ,SITUATIONI/ IDEA ( ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,?IS APPROA* SEES CAPITALISM AS A TYPE ( LIFE M$IAT$ BY IMAGES4 ,BEY SIMIL>LY SEES ! SY/EM AS A REGIME 9 :I* IMAGES DOM9ATE LIFE4 ,IF SOMEONE IS )9 'CONS5SUS ?\<T'1 !Y ACCEPT ! DOM9ANT BELIEFS ( ! CURR5T SY/EM4 ,= EXAMPLE1 !Y ONLY RECOGNIZE ! EXI/5CE ( ?+S ?AT >E REPRES5T$1 NOT ?OSE ?AT >E PRES5T4 ,REPRES5T+ SOME?+ 7)9 ! ,SPECTACLE7 MAKES IT 'SEMIOTICALLY RI*] BUT EXI/5TIALLY IMPOV]I%$'4 ,?IS PROCESS GIVES SOME?+ A MORE SYMBOLIC MEAN+1 BUT A LESS EMOTIONAL OR LIV$ MEAN+4 ,A REPRES5T$ ?+ BECOMES A POT5TIAL COMMODITY4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 DE/ROYS ! EXI/5TIAL MEAN+ ( OBJECTS1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE :I* PRODUCE ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,TAKE AN EXAMPLE SU* AS DANCE MUSIC4 ,AS P>T ( A RAVE1 IT IS H>D TO REPRES5T4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT G5]ATES 9T5SE 5]GY1 SU* AS EC/ATIC EXP]I5CES & COLLECTIVE BOND+4 ,N[ SUPPOSE ! SAME MUSIC IS RECORD$1 SOLD1 & CLASSIFI$4 ,IT GA9S SYMBOLIC MEAN+4 ,IT BECOMES EASI] TO NAME1 CATEGORIZE & COMP>E ) O!R ?+S4 ,BUT IT LOSES SOME ( ITS EMOTIONAL MEAN+4 ,IT IS NO LONG] P>T ( ! CONTEXT ( 9T5SE PRACTICE4 

,! ,SPECTACLE IS ALSO A SY/EM ( SC>CITY4 ,LIKE MANY ECO-AN>*I/S1 ,BEY CONTRA/S ! SY/EM ( SC>CITY ) AN E?OS ( ABUNDANCE 9 9DIG5\S SOCIETIES4 ,MOD]N CULTURES1 & AGRICULTURAL 9DIG5\S CULTURES1 (T5 SYMBOLIZE SC>CITY AS A LOSS OR FALL4 ,A FAMILI> EXAMPLE IS ! /ORY ( ! FALL FROM ,$54 ,= ,WILSON 79 ,PL[+ ! ,CL\DS71 ?IS TYPE ( /ORY SYMBOLIZES ! LOSS ( ORIG9AL AN>*Y & AUTONOMY4 ,9 ! PASSAGE TO MOD]N LIFE1 9TIMACY ) NATURE IS REPLAC$ BY SEP>ATION FROM IT4 ,ABUNDANCE IS REPLAC$ BY SC>CITY4 ,GIFT ECONOMIES >E REPLAC$ BY COMMODITY ECONOMIES4 ',POLYMORPH\S CO-S5SUALITY' 9 SEXUAL RELATIONS IS LO/ TO K9%IP & M>RIAGE /RUCTURES4 

,IF SOME?+ W5T WRONG 9 MOD]N HI/ORY - & ,WILSON_/,BEY IS SURE IT DID - !N IT MU/ HAVE HAPP5$ 9 ! IMAG9AL REALM4 ,HE ?9KS ?AT HUMANITY'S MA9 HI/ORICAL MI/AKE WAS TO LOSE ! EXP]I5CE ( ! IMAG9AL REALM4 ,MOD]N HUMANS HAVE LO/ ! EXP]I5CE ( 9TIMACY ) ! COSMOS4 ,MO/ ( US CAN NO LONG] ATTA9 ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,9 ,%[] ( ,/>S1 HE ADDS ?AT EV]Y SOCIETY PRODUCES AN EXCESS1 :I* IT NE$S TO SQU&]4 ,!RE >E DIFF]5T WAYS TO DO ?IS4 ,WEAL? CAN BE SQU&]$ 9 RITUALS ( CONSUMPTION1 SU* AS POTLAT*4 ,IT CAN BE CONSUM$ BY A L>GE 'IDLE' POPULATION1 SU* AS MONKS4 ,IT CAN BE CONSUM$ 9 C>NIVALS4 ,OR IT CAN BE MANAG$ ?R\< ! >TIFICIAL PRODUCTION ( SC>CITY4 ,CAPITALISM OPTS = ! LA/ ( !SE OPTIONS4 ,?IS IS NOT A GOOD WAY TO DEAL ) EXCESS4 ,SE5 FROM AN ALT]$ /ATE ( CONSCI\SNESS1 HE ADDS 9 ,RIV]PEOPLE1 AU?ORIT>IANISM & CONV5TIONAL MORALITY COME TO SEEM LIKE A DISEASE4 

,BEY ALSO 5DORSES MO/ ( ! /&>D OBJECTIONS TO CAPITALISM4 ,! SY/EM IS OBJECTIONABLE = A :OLE RANGE ( FAMILI> REASONS4 ,WEAL? IS TOO CONC5TRAT$4 ,F9ANCIAL CAPITALISM SEP>ATES MONEY FROM PRODUCTION4 ,! M$IA 5CLOSE MEAN+ 9 A LIMIT$ SPH]E4 ,CAPITALISM LEADS TO SECURITIZATION1 REPRESSION1 & ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION4 ,! B5EFITS ( CIVILIZATION >E ONLY EV] AVAILABLE TO AN ELITE ( AB\T #a.04 ,! SY/EM1 OR ,EMPIRE1 BR+S ) IT MURD]1 FAM9E1 W> & GRE$1 ALL ( :I* >E EFFECTS ( ! TRIUMPH ( DEA? OV] LIFE4 

,BEY CLAIMS TO BE 'P]SONALLY AT W>' ) EA* ( !SE FACTS BECAUSE '!Y VIOLATE MY DESIRES & D5Y ME MY PLEASURES'4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,BEY IS AN ANTI-CAPITALI/1 BUT HIS GR\NDS = ANTI-CAPITALISM >E L>GELY ,/IRN]IAN4 ,HE OBJECTS TO CAPITALISM BECAUSE IT BLOCKS SELF-ACTUALIZATION & ! P]SONAL PRODUCTION ( MEAN+4 ,HE EMBRACES ! ,M>XI/ CRITIQUE ( ALI5ATION1 BUT NOT ,M>XI/ COLLECTIVISM4 ,CAPITALISM IS EMPT9ESS - :AT ,BEY 9 A POEM T]MS A 'LUKEW>M NECROMANTIC VACUUM ( DEPHLOGI/ICAT$ CORPSE BREA?'4 ,IT IS FIGUR$ >*ETYPALLY AS DEA?1 RA!R ?AN LIFE OR JOY4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ! DEAD W]E ! FIR/ TO GET PRIVATIZ$ SPACE & TO 9VE/ 9 FUTURES4 

,ALI5ATION 

,MU* ( ,BEY'S !ORY FOCUS$ ON ! QUE/ION ( ALI5ATION - ?\< HE PREF]S ! LESS 'L(TY' T]M 'LONEL9ESS' - & HE !ORIZES ! SY/EM 9 SU* T]MS4 ,CAPITALISM 9VOLVES BO? SAM5ESS & SEP>ATION4 ,9 ,RIV]PEOPLE1 HE PORTRAYS CAPITALISM AS A =M ( MONOCULTURE4 ,PROP]TY IS A TYPE ( 'SPECTRAL ALI5ATION'1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! 'MUTUALISM ( USUFRUCT' 7A ,PR\DHONIAN T]M = TEMPOR>Y [N]%IP BAS$ ON USE74 ,! PROBLEM ) MOD]N SOCIETY IS 'CIVILIZATION'1 NOT CULTURE OR TE*NOLOGY4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,BEY ID5TIFIES ! MA9 SOCIAL PROBLEM AS A C]TA9 K9D ( SOCIAL SY/EM1 BAS$ ON ALI5ATION4 ,CIVILIZATION REPRODUCES ITSELF ?R\< ALI5ATION1 NEGATION1 & UNFULFILLM5T4 ,IT (F]S ! APPE>ANCE ( FULFILLM5T FROM :I* ONE ALWAYS AWAKES UNHAPPY4 ,! ,TOTALITY R5D]S PEOPLE ISOLAT$ & P[]LESS4 ,IT (F]S ONLY ILLUSORY =MS ( SELF-EXPRESSION4 ,ALI5ATION IS A 'DEMONIC DEMOCRACY'1 EV]Y?+ EQUAL BUT VALUELESS4 ,IT IS A 'BAD MOOD 9 :I* EV]Y DAY IS ! SAME'4 ,9 HIS ',ESOT]IC ,9T]PRETATION ( ! ,I,W,W ,PREAMBLE'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ALI5ATION IS PSY*OLOGICAL AS WELL AS ECONOMIC4 ,HE >GUES = A POLITICAL ORI5TATION TO ALL ( ?OSE AFFECT$ BY ALI5ATION1 NOT ONLY 9DU/RIAL WORK]S4 

,ALI5ATION FUNCTIONS P>TLY ?R\< ! DISRUPTION ( HORIZONTAL SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,9 ! ESSAY ',IMM$IATISM V]SUS ,CAPITALISM'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT CAPITALISM ONLY SUPPORTS OR 5ABLES1 OR EV5 ALL[S1 P>TICUL> K9DS ( GR\PS4 ,IT PROMOTES GR\PS BAS$ ON PRODUCTION 7SU* AS WORK COLLEAGUES71 CONSUMPTION 7SU* AS SELF-HELP GR\PS7 OR REPRODUCTION 7SU* AS NUCLE> FAMILIES74 ,CAPITALISM IS ORGANIZ$ TO PREV5T CONVIVIALITY 9 ,BEY'S S5SE - OR COM+ TOGE!R = PURPOSES ( PLAY1 LIFE1 OR MUTUAL 5HANCEM5T4 ,BEY >GUES ?AT PRESSURES ON PEOPLE'S TIME & 5]GY FROM WORK1 CONSUMPTION & REPRODUCTION >E TODAY A BIGG] =CE 9 OPPRESS+ PEOPLE ?AN ?+S LIKE POLICE REPRESSION & UNJU/ LAWS4 ,! /RUCTURE ( SOCIAL LIFE1 :I* REALLY MAKES EV]YONE MIS]ABLE1 GOES UNNOTIC$4 

,CONVIVIALITY IS POSSIBLE )9 SMALL AFF9ITY-GR\PS - 9 ,BEY'S T]MS1 BEES OR TONGS4 ,H[EV]1 CAPITALISM SUBTLY DISRUPTS SU* GR\PS4 ,AFF9ITY-GR\PS COME UP AGA9/ B>RI]S SU* AS ! 'BUSY' LIVES ( MEMB]S1 ! NE$ TO E>N MONEY1 OR DIFFICULTIES :I* SEEM LIKE BAD LUCK4 ,TODAY CAPITALISM HAS FRAGM5T$ PEOPLE TO AN EXTRAORD9>Y DEGREE4 ,MO/ PEOPLE >E CAU<T 9 '9VOLUTION' 7%R9KAGE1 OR PRODUCTION ?R\< !IR [N 9V]SE7 ) ! M$IA4 ,SMALL GR\PS >E ALSO ISOLAT$ FROM EA* O!R4 ,NEOLIB]AL CAPITALISM IS BAS$ ON ISOLAT+ PEOPLE TO AN 9CREAS+ EXT5T4 ,=MS ( 'COMB9ATION'1 OR LIFE 9 COMMON1 HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$ OR TURN$ 9TO SIMULATIONS4 ,POV]TY1 T]ROR1 M$IATION & ALI5ATION ALL CONTRIBUTE TO ?IS PROCESS ( ISOLATION4 ,H5CE1 :ILE ,BEY REJECTS COLLECTIVISM1 HE ALSO OPPOSES /&>D TYPES ( 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,! EGO1 AS MU* AS ! GR\P1 CAN BE A ,/IRN]IAN 'SPOOK'1 OR FALSE ESS5CE4 ,PEOPLE CAN BE SUBORD9AT$ & CAPTUR$ ?R\< !IR [N APPE>ANCE - = EXAMPLE1 ?R\< SELF-BR&+4 

,RECUP]ATION ?R\< REPRES5TATION IS ID5TIFI$ BY ,BEY AS ! MA9 PROBLEM FAC+ DISS5T4 ,! SY/EM CAPTURES & R$IRECTS EV]Y?+ SIMPLY BY REPRES5T+ IT1 & *ANG+ ITS CONTEXT4 ,IT CAN EV5 PREEMPT OPPOSITION ?R\< SIMULATION4 ,9 E>LI] WORKS SU* AS ,T,A,Z1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT OPPOSITION IS OP5 TO RECUP]ATION1 AS IT GETS CONV]T$ 9TO PO/-REVOLUTION>Y NORMALITY4 ,EA* G5]ATION'S DREAM BECOMES ! NEXT G5]ATION'S P>LOR DECOR4 ,PEOPLE CON/RUCT >TIFICIAL \T] IMAGES ( !MSELVES1 KN[N AS P]SONAE4 ,!Y SUCCUMB TO A K9D ( G5]ALIZ$ COMMON S5SE OR 'CONS5SUS-P]CEPTION' :I* FILT]S \T MU* ( :AT EXI/S4 ,! GLOBAL CRISIS DOES NOT 9 FACT RESULT FROM SC>CITY1 BUT FROM ! IDEOLOGY ( SC>CITY4 ,! WORLD DOESN'T RUN \T ( RES\RCES4 ,RA!R1 IT RUNS \T ( IMAG9ATION1 OR CREATIVE 5]GY4 ,TODAY !RE IS TOO LITTLE1 TOO ?9LY SPREAD4 

,BEY SOMETIMES GOES AS F> AS TO SEE P[] AS MA9LY AN IMAGE4 ,9 ',! ,9=MATION ,W>'1 HE >GUES ?AT ! /ATE IS N[ A 'DISEMBODI$ PATT]N+ ( 9=MATION' RA!R ?AN A =CE 9 ITS [N RI<T4 ,!RE IS NO 'P[]' TODAY1 BUT 9/EAD A COMPLETE & FALSE TOTALITY :I* CONTA9S ALL DISC\RSE ?R\< COMMODIFICATION & M$IATION4 ,9DIVIDUALS ALWAYS REMA9 \TSIDE ( ?IS1 BUT AS SOME?+ PA!TIC & MEAN+LESS4 ,ONE CANNOT APPE> 9 ! M$IA ) ONE'S TRUE SUBJECTIVITY1 BUT ONLY DISAPPE> 9 REPRES5TATION4 ,! SY/EM'S P[] DOES NOT /EM FROM A SOLID /RUCTURE - A POSSIBILITY PRECLUD$ BY ,BEY'S 9SI/5CE ON ! PRIMACY ( *AOS4 ,9 ,IMM$I/ISM1 ,BEY REPEATS HIS VIEW ?AT ANY ORD]1 EXCEPT ?AT >IS+ FROM EXI/5TIAL FRE$OM1 IS ILLUSORY4 ,H[EV]1 ILLUSIONS CAN KILL4 ,ONLY DESIRE CREATES VALUES4 ,CIVILIZATION IS BAS$ ON ! D5IAL ( DESIRE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT IS A K9D ( UPSIDE-D[N VALUE :I* VALUES ITS [N D5IAL4 ,KN[L$GE HAS ALSO BE5 ALI5AT$ TODAY4 ,IT IS REPLAC$ BY A SIMULATION - ! SAME 'DATA'1 BUT 9 A DEAD =M4 ,IT IS ALI5AT+ BECAUSE IT FAILS TO 9T]ACT ) ! BODY1 OR ) IMAG9ATION4 ,! ILLUSIONS CREAT$ BY F9ANCE CAPITAL HAVE BECOME CONS5SUS REALITY1 BUT REMA9 ILLUSIONS4 ,BEY SEEKS TO RECOV] ! CALL ( A SUBM]G$ REALITY ACCESSIBLE ONLY R>ELY - ! REALITY ( 9T5SITY4 

,! P]SI/5CE ( ?IS SY/EM (F]S A K9D ( DE-9T5SIFI$1 MEAN+LESS EXP]I5CE4 ,WE'RE AT ! 5D ( HI/ORY1 GOTT]DAMM]UNG1 & YET IT'S ALSO 'GODDAMN DULL'4 ,9 ONE POEM 9 ,BLACK ,FEZ ,MANIFE/O1 HE SUGGE/S ?AT WE HIDE 9 'SQUATT$ *>ACT] >MOR' :I* IS NOT \R [N1 LIKE H]MIT CRABS4 ,9 ANO!R POEM 7?IS TIME 9 ,EC7O7LOGUES71 ,WILSON DISCUSSES HIS NATIVE ,NEW ,J]SEY4 ,MOD]N AGRICULTURE IS ASSOCIAT$ ) DEA?4 ,IT IS OPPOS$ BY 'SECRET LUDIC ECONOMIES' CONNECT$ ) MEAD[S1 WOODS & WILD SPACES4 ,TODAY1 ! SY/EM TRIES TO =CE PEOPLE 9TO M$IATION4 ,TODAY1 UNM$IAT$ PLEASURES >E NE>LY ALWAYS ILLEGAL4 ,EV5 SIMPLE 5JOYM5TS LIKE \TDOOR B>BECUES (T5 VIOLATE BYLAWS4 ,PLEASURE BECOMES TOO /RESSFUL & PEOPLE RETREAT 9TO ! WORLD ( TELEVISION4 

,! M$IA PLAY A C5TRAL ROLE 9 ,BEY'S !ORY ( CAPITALI/ P[]4 ,9 ',M$IA ,CRE$ = ! ,F9 DE ,SIECLE'1 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT ! T]M 'M$IA' %\LD REF] MA9LY TO ?OSE M$IA :I* CLAIM OBJECTIVITY4 ,SUBJECTIVE M$IA T5D TO RESI/ M$IATION4 ,BOOKS1 = 9/ANCE1 HAVE BECOME AN 9TIMATE OR SUBJECTIVE M$IUM BECAUSE ANYONE CAN WRITE ONE4 ,! MASS M$IA CON/RUCTS AN IMAGE ( FALSE SUBJECTIVITY BY BLURR+ ! B\ND>Y BETWE5 OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE4 ,IT SELLS AN ILLUSION ?AT EA* ( US HAS EXPRESS$ H]_/HIMSELF BY BUY+ A LIFE/YLE OR APPE>+ )9 REPRES5TATION4 ,! SY/EM /ILL HAD 'GLIT*ES' 9 ! #a#i#fS BECAUSE ! M$IA FAIL$ TO CONV9CE4 ,W> APPE>$ AS ,HELL1 NOT GLORI\S2 ! C\NT]CULTURE APPE>$ EXCIT+1 NOT EVIL4 ,?IS L$ TO COGNITIVE DISSONANCE1 OR A GAP BETWE5 EXP]I5CE & REPRES5TATION4 ,:5 ! SY/EM IS ABLE TO PRODUCE EXP]I5CES 9 L9E ) ITS DISC\RSES1 IT ELIM9ATES VIRTUALLY ALL COGNITIVE DISSONANCE4 ,! #a#i#fS MOVEM5T SAW & EXPLOIT$ ! GLIT*1 BUT FELL 9TO ! TRAP ( SEEK+ TO SEIZE ! M$IA1 & ?US BECOM+ IMAGES & COMMODITIES !MSELVES4 ,9 ANY CASE1 !SE TACTICS >E NO LONG] VIABLE4 ,H[EV]1 9 ',UTOPIAN ,BLUES'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! 'CON' ( ALI5AT$ CIVILIZATION IS WE>+ ?9 TO ! PO9T ( TRANSP>5CY4 ,CAPITALISM IS ?REAT5$ BY A 'MASS >\SAL FROM ! M$IA-TRANCE ( 9ATT5TION'4 

,! ,/ATE & ! ,RISE ( ,ALI5ATION 

,BEY DISCUSSES ! /ATE AS A C5TRAL ASPECT ( ALI5ATION4 ,9 ,BEY'S HI/ORICAL !ORY1 ! RISE ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM IS AN EFFECT ( 9CREAS+ ALI5ATION & M$IATION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 LIV$1 IMM$IATE1 9T5SE SYMBOLISM & IMAG]Y >E GRADUALLY REPLAC$ BY 9CREAS+LY AB/RACT1 EMOTIONALLY EMPTY SYMBOLS4 ,!SE SYMBOLS >E 9 TURN CAPTUR$ & MONOPOLIZ$ BY DOM9ANT 9/ITUTIONS1 :I* >E EFFECTIVELY ACCUMULATIONS ( SU* SYMBOLS4 ,LAW1 WRIT+1 MONEY1 & COMPUT] COD+ >E ALL EXAMPLES ( EXTREMELY AB/RACT SYMBOLISM ) ONLY AN ATT5UAT$ RELATION TO !IR ORIG9AL1 IMAG9>Y BASIS4 ,?IS CONTRA/S ) 9DIG5\S SYMBOLISM SU* AS %AMANISM1 ORIG9 N>RATIVES 7'MY?S'71 SYMBOLIC EX*ANGE1 & WAMPUM4 ,!SE ALL 9VOLVE A CLOSE CONNECTION BETWE5 IMAG]Y1 SOCIAL USE1 & EMOTIONAL OR EXI/5TIAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,BEY SEEKS ALT]NATIVES TO CAPITALISM1 ( A C]TA9 TYPE4 ,HE SEEKS TO RECOV] MORE 9T5SE1 LESS M$IAT$ TYPES ( IMAG]Y & SYMBOLISM4 

,BEY REJECTS ! VIEW ?AT EI!R CAPITAL OR ! /ATE IS A DET]M9ANT1 F9AL 9/ANCE ( ALI5ATION4 ,OPPRESSIVE1 ALI5AT+ 9/ITUTIONS >E NOT R$UCIBLE TO A S+LE MATRIX4 ,!RE >E A NUMB] ( DIFF]5T S\RCES ( ALI5ATION4 ,MONEY 7OR ,CAPITAL7 & ! ,/ATE >E DI/9CT 9/ITUTIONS1 AL?\< !Y >E SOMETIMES ALLI$4 ,AU?ORIT>IAN RELIGION IS A ?IRD1 DI/9CT =CE4 ,! EM]G5CE ( ! /ATE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 A REVOLUTION :5 SE5 FROM ! LONGUE DUREE ( HI/ORICAL TIME4 ,BUT IT IS MORE GRADUAL 9 HUMAN T]MS4 ,! RISE ( ! /ATE IS ! RISE ( SEP>ATION & HI]>*Y4 ,! E>LY ,/ATE HAD TO COEXI/ ) SOCIAL =MS - SU* AS RI<TS & CU/OMS - :I* RESI/$ IT4 ,AN ABSOLUTE ,/ATE OR 'FREE' M>KET WAS 9CONCEIVABLE1 AS IT VIOLAT$ RECIPROCITY4 ,ONLY 9 MOD]N TIMES >E !RE ABSOLUTI/ ,/ATES OR 'FREE' MONEY4 ,AL?\< DI/9CT FROM CAPITAL1 ! /ATE ALWAYS REMA9S MIR$ 9 PRODUCTION4 ,9 CONTRA/1 MONEY CAN ESCAPE PRODUCTION AS PURE SYMBOLIZATION4 

,! EM]G5CE ( ! /ATE REQUIRES ! EM]G5CE ( /ATI/ IMAGES4 ,! /ATE HAS TO '9V5T' SURPLUS & SC>CITY TO DISRUPT 9DIG5\S B&S1 :I* >E BAS$ ON ABUNDANCE4 ,! RISE ( ! /ATE MU/ HAVE BE5 A RESULT ( HUMAN ACTIONS 7NOT = 9/ANCE POPULATION GR[? OR CLIMATE *ANGE71 S9CE ! /ATE IS A SOCIAL RELATION4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ! RISE ( ! /ATE MU/ HAVE 9VOLV$ A REVOLT BY ONE OR ANO!R GR\P DIFF]5TIAT$ BY ROLE4 ,MAYBE *IEFS1 %AMANS1 OR W>RIORS REVOLT$1 OR ( M5 REVOLT$ AGA9/ WOM54 ,! RESULTANT /RUCTURE IS /ILL ) US4 ,9 SOME WAYS1 WE >E /ILL )9 ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE4 ,! ,ROMAN =M ( ! /ATE1 LAW1 & PROP]TY >E /ILL FUNDAM5TAL TO MOD]N P[]4 

,AS WE %ALL SEE LAT]1 ,BEY SEES 9DIG5\S SOCIAL =MS AS A TYPE ( SOCIAL 'MA*9E' :I* 9CLUDES A GIFT ECONOMY1 %AMANISM1 & DIFFUSE P[] AS !ORIZ$ BY ,CLA/RES4 ,! /ATE HAD TO DEFEAT ?IS SOCIAL MA*9E TO TAKE P[]4 ,:Y WAS IT DEFEAT$8 ,:AT 'W5T WRONG'8 ,WILSON SUGGE/S 9 ,E7C7LOGUES ?AT EXCESS PRODUCTION MAY HAVE GIV5 ! TEMPLE POLITICAL P[]1 & METAL-SMI?+ MAY HAVE /R5G!N$ W>RIORS4 ,A NEW IDEOLOGY ( HUMAN SACRIFICE WAS CREAT$ TO REPLACE ! OLD RELIGIONS4 ,! /ATE WAS BAS$ ON AN ELITE1 :I* CAPTUR$ ! SOCIAL SURPLUS4 ,?IS ELITE !N FOCUS$ ON W> 9/EAD ( FOOD PRODUCTION4 ,W> ALREADY EXI/$ AS AN ASPECT ( 9DIG5\S DIFFUSE P[]4 ,H[EV]1 IT *ANG$ ) ! RISE ( ! /ATE4 ,! NEW1 'CLASSICAL' 7RA!R ?AN 9DIG5\S7 =M ( W> WAS A MEANS TO CAPTURE WEAL? & SLAVES4 ,CORRESPOND+ TO ?IS PROCESS1 L& WAS PRIVATIZ$4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 MY?S & 9/ITUTIONS EXI/$ :I* W>D$ (F ! /ATE - = 9/ANCE1 %AMANISM4 ,SOME?+ W5T WRONG SOME:]E1 & ! F\ND+ MY?S >E N[ ?OSE ( ALI5ATION4 ,! ,/ATE IS F\ND$ ON SYMBOLIZATION AS M$IATION & ALI5ATION4 ,IT ?US HAS A MAGICAL BASIS1 9 WRIT+ AS 'ACTION AT A DI/ANCE'4 ,IT ALSO RE/S ON ! MONOPOLIZATION ( VIOL5CE4 ,VIOL5CE ORIG9ALLY BELONG$ TO EV]YONE4 ,IT WAS MONOPOLIZ$ BY ! /ATE4 ,! /ATE MI<T EV5 HAVE />T$ (F AS A SCAPEGOAT1 C>RY+ (F BLOOD-GUILT4 

,! /ATE IS ALSO BAS$ ON HOMOG5IZATION4 ,PLANN$ /ATI/ CITIES >E DESIGN$ AS GRIDWORKS1 :]EAS GROTTOS ASSOCIAT$ ) MY/ICISM >E %APELESS & ME&]+4 ,M$IEVAL CITIES >E SIMIL> TO GROTTOS4 ,9 /ATI/ SY/EMS1 A S+LE WORLDVIEW & VALUE-SY/EM IS LOCK$ 9 PLACE4 ,?IS IS TRUE ( ,*RI/IANITY1 & ALSO ( CAPITALISM S9CE ! COLLAPSE ( ,/AL9ISM4 ,?IS S+LE WORLDVIEW RE%APES LANGUAGE4 ,L+UI/IC CATEGORIES >E A SECOND>Y /RUCTURE US$ TO 9T]PRET 9COM+ *AOTIC FL[S4 ,MOD]NITY IS UNUSUAL 9 9SI/+ ON ONLY A S+LE /RUCTURE4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ANY MAP 7OR LANGUAGE7 WILL FIT ANY T]RITORY 7OR EXP]I5CE71 GIV5 5\< VIOL5CE4 ,CAPITALISM SEEKS TO FIT ! :OLE WORLD 9TO A S+LE CONCEPTUAL LANGUAGE4 ,?IS CONTRA/S ) ! H]METICI/ & 9DIG5\S VIEWS ( MULTIPLICITY1 9 :I* MANY WORLDVIEWS CONTA9 P>T ( ! TRU? ( A WORLD BAS$ ON DIFF]5CE4 ,! HEGEMONY ( A S+LE IMAGE ( ! WORLD OB/RUCTS ! CIRCULATION ( IMAGES & UND]M9ES ! EXPRESSION ( DIFF]5CE4 ,9/EAD1 ! SAME DISC\RSE IS 5DLESSLY RECYCL$ OR REPRODUC$4 

,H[EV]1 ! /ATE HAS ALSO *ANG$ 9 ! NEOLIB]AL P]IOD4 ,) ! RISE ( ! ,SPECTACLE1 ! FUNCTION ( LAW HAS *ANG$4 ,9 ,NIETZS*E'S DAY1 LAW /ILL APPE>$ AS ! OPPRESSOR'S >S5AL ( TOOLS1 :I* IS USEFUL 9 PROVID+ SOME?+ TO /RUGGLE AGA9/4 ,TODAY IT IS LESS AN $G$ WEAPON ?AN A 'VIRAL OOZE'1 OP]AT+ ?R\< ! ,SPECTACLE & 'COP CULTURE' :I* BECOME 9DI/+UI%ABLE FROM REAL P[]4 ,! LAW %\LD /ILL BE US$ AS 'AN $GE TO %>P5 \R LIVES'4 ,H[EV]1 LAW HAS MUTAT$ FROM A TOOL ( OPPRESSORS TO ! SELF-IMAGE ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,LAW SIMULATES P[]1 :ILE (F]+ & D5Y+ ! UTOPIA ( JU/ICE4 ,ANY?+ :I* PROVIDES UNM$IAT$ EXP]I5CE IS A ?REAT TO ! ,SPECTACLE & AT RISK ( BE+ BANN$4 

,9 SOME PIECES1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! LAW IS A USEFUL /IMULUS = ! SUBV]SIVE EFFECTS ( DISS5T4 ,P>ADOXICALLY1 A LIB]AL REGIME CAN DISEMP[] DISS5T BY MAK+ IT SAFE4 ,9 ',AGA9/ ,LEGALIZATION'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT DISSID5T M$IA IS IMPOSSIBLE )\T C5SOR%IP4 ,AM]ICAN-/YLE FREE SPEE* ABSORBS OR CO-OPTS DISS5T AS IMAGES1 ?US R5D]+ IT 9EFFECTUAL4 ,TODAY1 RE=M IS IMPOSSIBLE1 BECAUSE P>TIAL VICTORIES >E ALWAYS ABSORB$ AS COMMODITY RELATIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT LEGALIZATION W\LD ABSORB DRUGS AS A 'NEW MEANS ( CONTROL'4 ,IT C\LD BE US$1 = 9/ANCE1 TO CONTROL DRUG RESE>* MORE EFFECTIVELY1 AS ! UND]GR\ND W\LD DISAPPE>4 ,! #a.0 ( ! WORLD ECONOMY :I* IS 'GRAY' OR QUASI-CRIM9AL IS A NEW FRONTI] = CAPITAL TO RECUP]ATE4 ,?IS >TICLE %[S CLE>LY ,BEY'S EMPHASIS ON RECUP]ATION AS A GREAT] DANG] ?AN REPRESSION4 

,! ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,/ATE 

,TODAY1 ! /ATE IS UND]GO+ A PROCESS ( DECL9E M>K$ BY ITS CURR5T DEA?-SPASMS ( APOCALYPTIC VIOL5CE4 ,H5CE !RE >E P]IODIC 'SPASMS ( CONTROL-BY-T]ROR' DIRECT$ AT P]CEIV$ 5EMIES1 SU* AS HACK]S4 ',ROBOCOP'1 OR ! AUTOMATION ( W>1 IS ! LA/ 9T]FACE BETWE5 P[] & ITS O!RS4 ,BEY PORTRAYS ! /ATE AS SIMULTANE\SLY LIQUEFY+ & PETRIFY+ - ITS \T] RIGIDITY M>K+ ITS EMPT9ESS4 ,BEY LIK5S !SE SPASMS ( REPRESSION TO M$IEVAL PUBLIC EXECUTIONS1 9T5D$ TO T]RORIZE & P>ALYZE REBELS4 ,?IS IS SIMULAT$ JU/ICE1 OR T]ROR1 AS OPPOS$ TO SY/EMATIC REPRESSION4 ,?IS PATT]N ( REPRESSION MAKES PUBLICITY A BAD TACTIC & CL&E/9ITY A GOOD ONE4 

,ANO!R ASPECT ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y /ATE IS ITS USE ( 'DEPLETION' AS SOCIAL CONTROL4 ,! OLD LIB]AL APPROA* S\<T TO ASSIMILATE M>G9AL GR\PS4 ,TODAY'S APPROA* 9/EAD RELIES ON REPRESSION & ISOLATION 9 ZONES ( DEPLETION4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 IMMIGRATION IS REALLY A PROBLEM = GLOBAL CAPITALISM4 ,UND]GO+ DECAY1 CAPITALISM PRACTICES SOCIAL TRIAGE4 ,IT LETS GO ( >EAS 7& CLASSES1 RACES1 ETC7 :I* FALL BEL[ A C]TA9 LEVEL ( P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,?IS LEADS TO NO-GO-ZONES :]E CONTROL IS MO/LY SIMULAT$4 ,(FICIALLY !SE ZONES REMA9 /ATE-CONTROLL$4 ,!Y >E NOT ALL[$ POLITICAL AUTONOMY1 & SPASMS ( SPECTACUL> T]ROR >E SOMETIMES UNLEA%$ AGA9/ !M4 ,! ,SPECTACLE /ILL TRIES TO DE/ROY ANY ?REAT TO ITS MONOPOLY ON SPECTACUL> AU?ORITY4 ,9 !ORY1 EV]YONE IS REPRES5T$4 ,9 PRACTICE1 H[EV]1 MO/ PEOPLE >E SACRIFIC$4 ,!Y CANNOT 5T] ! DEA?LY WORLD ( VIRTUAL REALITY OR ,CYB]-,GNOSIS4 ,!RE IS ?US A PROCESS ( POL>IZATION BETWE5 9CLUD$ & EXCLUD$4 ,BEY ?9KS ?IS PROCESS WILL SPE$ UP1 & EV5 P>TS ( ,AM]ICA WILL BE AFFECT$4 ,TRIAGE WILL OCCUR EV5 )9 ! ZONES ASSIGN$ TO SUPPOS$LY 'SAFE' SUBJECTS ) RI<TS4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS CREATES POSSIBILITIES ?R\< ! OCCUPATION ( ZONES ( DEPLETION1 OR ,NO,GO,ZONES4 

,CORRESPOND+ TO ITS CREATION ( ZONES ( DEPLETION1 CAPITAL ACTUALLY RETREATS ON A SPATIAL LEVEL4 ,A PHILOSOPHY ( RISK-MANAGEM5T & PROTECTION IS ACCOMPANI$ BY A PROCESS ( )DRAWAL 9TO =TRESS-LIKE SPACES SU* AS GAT$ COMMUNITIES & MALLS4 ,?IS CORRESPONDS TO ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( C]TA9 ZONES 9TO VIRTUAL REALITY1 & ! CONSIGNM5T ( O!RS AS ZONES ( DEPLETION4 ,MO/ PEOPLE >E LEFT BEH9D 9 ! RESULTANT 'SOCIAL TRIAGE'1 EV5 IF !Y REMA9 M$IA-5TRANC$4 ,!RE IS ALSO A CLEV] CONTROL /RATEGY 9 :I* ! SY/EM ?REAT5S SOME?+ V]Y EXTREME1 & :5 IT FALLS %ORT1 PEOPLE >E RELIEV$ & F9D IT TOL]ABLE4 ,! SURVEILLANCE /ATE CREATES A DANG] ( '9=MATION TOTALITY' 9 :I* ! MAP F9ALLY COV]S ! :OLE T]RITORY4 ,SU* A REGIME W\LD AM\NT TO UN*ALL5G$ T]ROR & ! TRIUMPH ( ORD] & DEA?4 ,\R HOPES 9 SU* A SY/EM >E COMPUT] GLIT*ES & V5AL HUMAN CONTROLL]S4 

,9 AN E>LI] PAP]1 ,BEY >GU$ ?AT ! RI<T-W+ NE$ AN 5EMY4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( COMMUNISM1 !Y WORRY AB\T ! ,U,N1 OR ,>ABS1 OR DRUGS4 ,?IS IS P>TLY BECAUSE !Y CANNOT !ORIZE ! CURR5T REGIME ( RULE BY VIRTUAL CAPITAL4 ,ELSE:]E1 HE >GUES ?AT BO? RI<T & LEFT >E CAU<T UP 9 ID5TIFY+ SYMPTOMS & 5EMIES4 ,!SE 5EMIES ACTUALLY /EM FROM ! POLITICAL SUBCONSCI\S1 :I* IS AFFECT$ BY NEOLIB]ALISM & ! RESULT+ DISSATISFACTION4 ,SOME SYMPTOMS >E NOTIC$ FROM ! RI<T1 O!RS FROM ! LEFT1 BUT BO? >E SE>*+ = A SCAPEGOAT = ! G5]AL MALAISE4 ,?IS LEADS TO A SOCIETY :I* IS WAG+ W> ON ITSELF4 ,9 ,SACR$ ,DRIFT1 ,WILSON NOTES ?AT ! WE/ HAS R$ISCOV]$ 'ITS ANCI5T ,O!R'4 ,HE CITES ,M>X'S DICTUM ?AT HI/ORY REPEATS FIR/ AS TRAG$Y1 !N AS F>CE4 ,TODAY'S ,ISLAMOPHOBIA IS A F>CICAL RE5ACTM5T ( M$IEVAL CONFLICTS4 

,ONE ( ! MORE UNUSUAL ASPECTS ( ,BEY'S !ORY ( ! /ATE IS HIS RELATIVE PREF]5CE = MON>*ICAL & S+LE-LEAD] /ATES OV] MASS CULTURE & MOD]N REGIMES4 ,! ONLY REGIMES :I* EXI/ AT AN >*ETYPAL LEVEL - 9 DREAMS1 = EXAMPLE - >E AN>*Y & MON>*Y4 ,BO? >E ROOT$ 9 SOV]EIGNTY & WILL4 ,MON>*Y IS OBJECTIONABLE = CRUELTY & CAPRICI\SNESS4 ,BUT IT IS CLOS] TO AN>*Y ?AN MOD]N REGIME-TYPES4 ,MON>*S AT LEA/ >E HUMAN 9 !IR FLAWS4 ,TODAY'S RUL]S B>ELY EV5 EXI/ ASIDE FROM ! ,IDEAS1 OR SPOOKS1 !Y S]VE4 ,SU* PEOPLE >E FUNCTION>IES1 NOT >*ETYPES4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT AN>*ISM IS ACTUALLY A MUTATION ( MON>*Y1 9 :I* EA* P]SON BECOMES SOV]EIGN 9 A CREATIVE SPH]E4 

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,CAPITALISM1 ! ,/ATE1 & ! ,SPECTACLE 
,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,CAPITALISM1 ! ,/ATE1 & ! ,SPECTACLE 

,9 ! PREVI\S ESSAY1 ,I EXAM9$ ,HAKIM ,BEY'S !ORIES ( ALI5ATION & ! /ATE4 ,COMPLET+ ! EXAM9ATION ( ,BEY'S ANALYSIS ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM1 ?IS FIF? ( SIXTE5 COLUMNS EXAM9ES ,BEY'S !ORY ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT %[S H[ ,BEY SITUATES CAPITALISM AS A TRANCE-LIKE MANIPULATION ( DESIRE1 & AS A PROCESS ( ALI5ATION FROM ! BODY CULM9AT+ 9 A FLI<T TO ! E!R4 ,IT ALSO EXAM9ES ,BEY'S CRITIQUE ( 'COP CULTURE' & HIS COMM5TS ON ,AM]ICAN GLOBAL HEGEMONY1 & PROVIDES AN ANALYSIS ( ,BEY'S VIEW ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM4 

,CAPITAL & ,CAPITALISM 

,BEY ALSO ANALYZES CAPITAL AS A MA*9E = ! PRODUCTION ( SC>CITY & ! DE/RUCTION ( 9T5SITY4 ,CAPITALISM SEEKS1 NOT TO SATISFY DESIRE1 BUT TO EXAC]BATE LONG+ ?R\< UTOPIAN TRACES4 ,?IS IDEA - :I* ,BEY ATTRIBUTES TO ,B5JAM9 - PLAYS ON ! IDEA ?AT COMMODITIES >E ADV]TIS$ 9 T]MS ( FUTURE PROMISES4 ,! COMMODITY WILL PROVIDE 5JOYM5T OR VALIDITY OR REALITY1 OR VALIDATE ONE'S EXP]I5CES4 ,CAPITAL NE$S ! PROMISE ( SU* FUTURE B5EFITS TO SELL PRODUCTS4 ,YET IT ALSO NE$S TO AVOID ACTUALLY DELIV]+ ON !SE PROMISES4 ,IF IT DELIV]$1 !N !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ TO BUY FUR!R PRODUCTS4 

,H5CE1 CAPITALISM CON/ANTLY REPRODUCES SC>CITY TO /IMULATE DEM&4 ,?IS R5D]S >T ?REAT5+ TO CAPITALISM4 ,>T1 OR CREATIVITY1 IS BAS$ ON ! GE/URE ( RECIPROCITY1 OR PRES5CE4 ,EV]YONE IS AN >TI/1 9 ! S5SE ( CO-CREATION ?R\< LIV$ EXP]I5CE1 PLAY1 & MEAN+4 ,BUT CAPITALISM 9T]V5ES TO M$IATE BETWE5 PEOPLE4 ,IT 9T]RUPTS RECIPROCITY & 9TRODUCES SC>CITY & SEP>ATION4 ,CAPITALISM IS VAMPIRIC4 ,IT RELIES ON CONSUM+ O!RS' CREATIVITY4 ,IT LIB]ATES ITSELF BY 5SLAV+ DESIRE4 ,MU* ( :AT ! SY/EM (F]S HAS NO REAL USE - IT IS 'SNAKE OIL' - BUT IT WORKS BECAUSE IT HAS A PLACEBO EFFECT4 

,CAPITALISM /EMS FROM ! 9V5TION ( SC>CITY AS AN EXI/5TIAL CONDITION4 ,IT IS DRIV5 BY A TOTALIT>IAN LOGIC ( ET]NAL GR[?4 ,IT CLAIMS ET]NITY1 & !RE=E AHI/ORICITY4 ,CAPITALISM CANNOT 0REALLY0 ESCAPE PRODUCTION4 ,BUT ! IDEOLOGY ( GLOBALIZ$ CAPITALISM CREATES ! APPE>ANCE ( ESCAP+ PRODUCTION4 ,IT APPE>S TO BE PURE1 DISEMBODI$ & EC/ATIC4 ,! TRIUMPH ( CAPITAL IS CONNECT$ TO ! TRIUMPH ( ! SCRE54 ,! SY/EM REPRES5TS ITSELF AS A /ATE ( ON5ESS1 & AS 9VULN]ABLE4 ,BUT ITS WEAKNESS IS %[N 9 ! FEEL+ ?AT IT IS 'NOT REFLECT$ 9 LIV$ EXP]I5CE' - 9 EXP]I5CES ( ALI5ATION1 EMPT9ESS & BOR$OM4 

,CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM TAKES ?IS PROCESS TO NEW EXTREMES4 ,TODAY1 ! SY/EM IS EVOLV+ T[>DS RULE BY TE*NOCRATS OV] A MASS ( HOMOG5IZ$ BUT ATOMIZ$ CONSUM]S1 L9K$ ONLY BY ',COMM,TE*' & MUTUAL SURVEILLANCE4 ,! CURR5T SITUATION IS LIKE ! /ORY1 ,! ,SORC]]'S ,APPR5TICE - 9 :I* A JUNIOR WIZ>D USES MAGIC 9 :I* HE IS UNTRA9$1 CAUS+ DISA/]4 ,TODAY ?IS IS HAPP5+ ) TE*NOLOGY4 ,! CURR5T PHASE ( CAPITALISM 9VOLVES A K9D ( HI/ORICAL BLOCKAGE4 ,! WORLD HAS BASICALLY REMA9$ 9 - OR LOOP$ BACK TO - ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,AU?ORS AS E>LY AS ,F\RI]1 9 #a#g#i#i1 W]E ALREADY DISCUSS+ TODAY'S PROBLEMS4 ,H[EV]1 ! SY/EM CONCEALS SU* HI/ORY4 ,CAPITALISM IS BUILD+ AN '#h-LANE BYPASS OV] ! ,PA/'4 ,LIKE ! /ATE1 IT OP]ATES AT ! LEVEL ( IMAGES4 

,! CURR5T SITUATION IS NOT SO MU* PO/MOD]NI/ AS ANTI-MOD]NI/4 ,MOD]N 9SI<TS HAVE BE5 D5I$ & JETTISON$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,FREUDIAN DISCOV]Y ( ! UNCONSCI\S HAS BE5 REJECT$4 ,IT IS D5I$ & SPREAD-\T ACROSS V>I\S =MS ( D[NM>KET M$IA4 ,ONE MI<T ADD ?AT ,M>XIAN 9SI<TS >E SIMIL>LY REJECT$ 9 NEO-CLASSICAL ECONOMICS1 & ?AT SOCIOLOGICAL KN[L$GE HAS BE5 DISPLAC$ BY POLICY DISC\RSE & 9DIVIDUALIZ$ EXPLANATIONS4 ,! DOM9ANT SY/EM IS TODAY DEF9$ BY ITS D5IAL OR W>D+-(F ( C]TA9 DIRECTIONS ( DEVELOPM5T ( KN[L$GE1 LEAV+ KN[L$GE AS A K9D ( ,LYS5KOITE %ELL4 

,MONEY MAY HAVE ORIG9ALLY APPE>$ AS A TYPE ( RELIGI\S1 SYMBOLIC P[]4 ,CO9S MI<T HAVE BE5 TEMPLE S\V5IRS DEEM$ TO HAVE MANA OR NUM9\S VALUE1 :I* C\LD BE EX*ANG$ = REAL WEAL?4 ,ALT]NATIVELY1 IT MI<T HAVE FIR/ APPE>$ AS DEBT4 ,EI!R WAY1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ITS BASIC GE/URE IS TO SEP>ATE WEAL? FROM ITS SYMBOL & RECOMB9E !M LAT]1 MAK+ ! SYMBOL TRADEABLE4 ,! RISE ( MONEY IS ALSO P>T ( ! RISE ( CUMULATIVE M$IATION4 ,:]EAS COMMODITY CURR5CIES 7SU* AS CATTLE OR B>LEY7 /ILL HAD P]SONAL USES1 MONEY IS 5TIRELY IMP]SONAL - A FLOAT+ SIGNIFI]4 

,H[EV]1 WRIT+ & MONEY >E NOT 5\< TO EXPLA9 ! RISE ( ALI5ATION4 ,MONEY EXI/$ = #d YE>S BE=E ! /ATE EM]G$4 ,! MAT]IAL WORLD T5DS TO RE/ORE EQUALITY4 ,IT RESI/S ACCUMULATION4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! ,/ATE PROVIDES 'PROTECTION'1 :I* IS NOT A MAT]IAL RES\RCE4 ,BEY BELIEVES ?AT SYMBOLIC P[] IS C5TRAL H]E4 ,! ,/ATE CAN ONLY GA9 AN ADVANTAGE OV] DIFFUSE SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS :5 IT CAN PRES5T ITS P[] 9 SYMBOLIC T]MS4 

,CAPITAL OP]ATES AT ! LEVEL ( MAGIC1 OR 9T]PRETATION1 ! SAME LEVEL :]E ,BEY LOCATES RESI/ANCE4 ,! CAPITALI/ TYPE ( IMAG9ATION IS NEGATIVE1 R$UC+ EV]Y?+ TO DEBT & SUCK+ IT 9TO A BLACK HOLE4 ,DEBT MUTATES 9TO PEONAGE 7SLAV]Y7 AS JUBILEE 7DEBT WRITE-(F7 NEV] COMES4 ,AB/RACTIONS >E H&$ D[N FROM ONE G5]ATION TO ! NEXT4 ,NO?+ IS EXP]I5C$ DIRECTLY2 EV]Y?+ IS M$IAT$ BY MONEY4 ,CAPITAL SEEKS A MONOPOLY ON 9T]PRETATION4 ,IT CON/RUCTS A SPACE ( SUPPOS$ DIALOGUE :I* 9 FACT PRECLUDES ANY RESPONSE1 RESONANCE OR RESI/ANCE4 

,?IS IS SIMIL> TO ! IDEA ( =C$ COMMUNICATION )9 DOM9ANT T]MS4 ,:]EAS 9 TOTALIT>IAN SY/EMS1 ! REGIME C5SORS BY FIAT1 9 CAPITALI/ SY/EMS ! M>KET C5SORS ?R\< M>KET FAILURE4 ,TODAY1 CAPITAL SEEKS TO DETA* IMAGES FROM EXP]I5C$ LIFE 5TIRELY4 ,9 T\RISM1 EV5 ! REAL WORLD IS EXP]I5C$ AS AN IMAGE4 ,T\RI/S >E S$UC$ BY ! UTOPIAN TRACE ( DIFF]5CE1 BUT BE> ! VIRUS ( SAM5ESS 9TO LIV+ SPACES4 ,BEY LIK5S ?IS PROCESS TO ! 9DIG5\S IDEA ( S\L LOSS4 

,CAPITAL ,TODAY 

,9 ,MILL5NIUM1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT1 9 ! REC5T PA/ - UP TO ! #a#i#iS - IT WAS /ILL POSSIBLE TO SEE ! ,SPECTACLE OR ! ,PLANET>Y ,WORK ,MA*9E AS ! 5EMY4 ,IT WAS !N POSSIBLE TO RESI/ ?R\< EXODUS4 ,?IS WAS ! ANALYSIS UND]P9N+ ,T,A,Z - CREAT+ NUCLEI ( ALT]NATIVE =CES & US+ RESI/ANCE TO DEF5D !M4 ,TODAY1 9 CONTRA/1 CAPITALISM DOES NOT NE$ TO CONC$E SPACE TO SU* '?IRD =CES'4 ,IT HAS %$ ITS IDEOLOGICAL >MOR+ & 9ITIAT$ A FULL ONSLAU<T4 ,IT N[ TREATS ALL OPPON5TS DIRECTLY AS 5EMIES4 ,?IS MEANS WE >E LEFT ) A GLOBAL NEOLIB]ALISM & A SUP]P[] :I* DOESN'T EV5 OBEY ITS [N RULES4 

,BEY OPPOSES ! PO/MOD]N POSITION ?AT ALL B9>IES & CATEGORIES HAVE N[ DISSOLV$4 ,HE >GUES ?AT ONE CATEGORY - ! SY/EM - SURVIVES4 ,SURVIVAL 9 ?IS CONTEXT DEP5DS ON P]SI/5CE - ON DET]M9ATION TO REMA9 9 HI/ORY AFT] ITS DECL>$ 5D4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT CAPITALISM IS TRIUMPHALI/ BECAUSE ( ! 5D ( ! ,COLD ,W>4 ,BUT HE >GUES ?AT IT IS ONLY ! W9N] BY DEFAULT - BECAUSE VIABLE ALT]NATIVES HAVE COLLAPS$ FIR/4 ,TODAY1 MONEY IS TURN+ 9TO A PHANTOMLIKE1 IMAG9>Y 5TITY \TSIDE ! WORLD4 ,! 5]GY ( LIFE REMA9S \TSIDE ! SY/EM4 

,9 ,ESCAPE FROM ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 ,BEY_/,WILSON >GUES ?AT ! 9CREAS+ AB/RACTION ( CAPITAL R5D]S IT 9CREAS+LY UNREAL & 9EFFECTIVE4 ,OV] #i.0 ( MONEY HAS ESCAP$ 9TO A K9D ( ',CYB],GNO/IC HEAV5 OR NUMISPH]E'4 ,?IS SPH]E HAS NO RELATION%IP TO PRODUCTION OR GOV]NM5T4 ,BEY IS H]E ALLUD+ TO ! EXPANSION ( F9ANCE CAPITAL1 :I* HAS GR[N \T ( PROPORTION TO PRODUCTIVE CAPITAL4 ,?IS IS SIMIL> TO ! ,M>XI/ IDEA ( FICTITI\S CAPITAL4 

,H[EV]1 ,BEY_/,WILSON BELIEVES IT ALSO HAS EXI/5TIAL OR SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,CYB]-GNOSIS REALIZES ! ,5LI<T5M5T DREAM ( A UNIFI$ RATIONAL WORLD-CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IT HAS EXP&$ 9TO A FRAGILE MEMBRANE >\ND ! E>?1 A BUBBLE FILL$ ) HOT GASES4 ,IT HAS BECOME SELF-5CLOS$ & SELF-REF]5TIAL4 ,9 ANO!R PAP]1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT MONEY REF]R+ ONLY TO MORE MONEY 9 AN 5DLESS *A9 IS ! MO/ AB/RACT IDEA HUMANITY HAS EV] HAD4 

,9 ! POEM ,CREEPY ,S5SATION1 ,BEY SPECULATES ?AT WE >E BE+ WAT*$ BY FUTURE PEOPLE :O MI<T R$EEM \R LO/ S5SATIONS1 5VY+ \R S5SATIONS :I* !Y LACK1 & \R CLOS5ESS TO SPECIES EXT9CT 9 ! FUTURE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ',ISLAM & ! ,9T]NET'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! SPIRIT_/BODY SPLIT & ! HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATION ( RELIGION REA*ES A CULM9ATION 9 CYB]SPACE - ! PR9CIPLE ( M9D SEP>AT$ FROM BODY4 

,! ,9T]NET WAS DESIGN$ TO RESI/ PHYSICAL DE/RUCTION1 SU* AS NUCLE> W>1 BY RAPIDLY TRANSC5D5TALIZ+ MATT]1 TRANSF]R+ IT BETWE5 SITES4 ,IT DOES NOT (F] IMMAN5CE1 BUT A FALSE TRANSC5D5CE BAS$ ON ! GNO/IC M9D-BODY SPLIT4 ,IT IS A K9D ( HEAV54 ,! CONFLICT OV] ! FUTURE ( ! ,9T]NET ?US SEEMS TO BE A 'W> 9 HEAV5'4 7,9 ,RIV]PEOPLE1 ,WILSON REV]SES ?IS & SUGGE/S ?AT MONEY HAS VIRTUALIZ$ ITSELF 9TO ,HELL74 ,!RE IS B>ELY EV5 A RUL+-CLASS1 FIR/LY BECAUSE ,C,E,OS >E REPLACEABLE FUNCTION>IES1 & SECONDLY BECAUSE ONLY A FEW HUNDR$ PEOPLE 'CONTROL' HALF ! MONEY4 ,ACTUALLY1 ,BEY BELIEVES ?AT NOBODY IS 9 CONTROL ANY MORE4 ,! RUL+ CLASS HAS LO/ CONTROL ( VIRTUAL CAPITAL4 

,CAPITALISM TODAY PRET5DS TO BE ! ONLY POSSIBLE WORLD4 ,= ,BEY1 ?IS 5TAILS A K9D ( CLOSURE ( REALITY4 ,?IS CLOSURE HAS CREAT$ A S5SE ( NUMBNESS & P[]LESSNESS4 ,IT ALSO LEADS TO 5NUI & ANOMIE1 AS WAYS ( COV]+-UP AN ANG] ) NO CLE> T>GET4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLY PESSIMI/IC TO ACTUALLY FEEL :AT IS HAPP5+ TODAY1 A 'TRAG$Y )\T CA?>SIS'4 ,! CURR5T WORLD IS M>K$ BY A NEW K9D ( PSY*OLOGICAL MALAISE4 

,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ?IS MALAISE /EMS FROM A 'COGNITIVE COLLAPSE'4 ,?IS COLLAPSE IS FOCUS$ ON ! S+LE WORLD ( CAPITALI/ MONOCULTURE4 ,IT IS ! EFFECT ( A DEEP PSY*OLOGICAL CAPITULATION TO ?IS WORLD AS ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE AVAILABLE4 ,E*O+ ,BAUDRILL>D1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! RELATION%IP ( ALI5ATION1 ! 'MIRROR ( PRODUCTION'1 HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY A 'V]TIGO ( T]ROR'4 

,?IS NEW PH5OM5ON REALIZES T5D5CIES 9H]5T 9 CAPITALISM4 ,9DE$1 MONEY HAS ALWAYS BE5 NO?+ BUT ABS5CE OR DEBT4 ,MO/ PEOPLE >E N[ 9 DEBT TO DE-REALIZ$ F9ANCE CAPITAL1 & EXCLUD$ FROM ! HEAV5 RES]V$ = ! V]Y FEW4 ,CAPITAL TAKES (F 9TO A TIMELESS FUTURE1 LEAV+ ! RE/ ( US /UCK1 RELIV+ ! PA/4 ,! /OCK M>KET SO>S1 BUT LEAVES ZONES ( DEPLETION EV]Y:]E4 ,SU* ZONES ( DEPLETION >E BO? REGIONS & GR\PS ( PEOPLE4 ,SU* ZONES ( DEPLETION >E NOT RESCU$ BY ! SY/EM BUT PUNI%$4 

,BEY SEES MONEY AS A RELIGI\S PH5OM5ON1 /RIV+ TO REMOVE ITSELF FROM ! WORLD ( BODIES TO ! WORLD ( SPIRIT4 ,CO9S W]E 9ITIALLY SE5 AS 'LIM9AL' OBJECTS1 EXI/+ AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ! MAT]IAL & SPIRITUAL WORLDS4 ,:]EAS NOMADS MOVE BETWE5 SPACES1 MONEY MOVES FROM TIME TO TIME1 OBLIT]AT+ SPACE4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON :AT ,BEY CALLS ! 'SEXUALITY ( ! DEAD' - A TYPE ( 9ORGANIC REPRODUCTION ?R\< CON/ANT SPLITT+4 

,IT ?US CAPTURES *AOS ( SORTS1 BUT A TYPE ( *AOS /RIPP$ ( LIFE4 ,IT CANNOT DEAL ) TRUE COMPLEXITY1 R$UC+ IT TO SAM5ESS4 ,TODAY1 ! ATTEMPT TO POSIT CAPITALISM AS ! ONLY EXI/+ WORLD TURNS MONEY 9TO ! ONE ,GOD4 ,CAPITAL 9CREAS+LY NE$S NO AU?ORITY EXCEPT MONEY4 ,IT HAS PLAC$ ITSELF BEYOND ! HUMAN - BEYOND CONS]VATISM AS MU* AS BEYOND LEFTISM4 

,TODAY 7OR AT LEA/ 9 ! #a#i#iS71 CAPITAL HAS GA9$ PRIMACY OV] ! /ATE4 ,ALL /ATES1 EV5 ! ,U,S1 >E SIMPLY TURN$ 9TO M]C5>IES ( CAPITAL4 ,ONE MI<T EXPECT A %[D[N BETWE5 CAPITALISM & ! ,/ATE = ABSOLUTE P[]4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,/ATE SEEMS TO HAVE REALIZ$ IT WAS BEAT54 ,) MONEY BREAK+ FREE ( ! /ATE1 ! /ATE LOSES ITS P[] TO CLAIM TO BE PROVID+ 'SOME?+ = NO?+' - PROTECTION4 

,! PO/-,=DI/ /ATE PROVIDES 'NO?+ = NO?+' & ITS P[] IS %ATT]$4 ,IT HAS GIV5 UP ITS PROTECTIVE ROLE 9 EV]Y SPH]E FROM HUMAN RI<TS TO ECONOMICS4 ,IT SEEMS TO BELIEVE IT CAN GIVE UP ITS P[]S & FUNCTIONS & YET /ILL SURVIVE AS AN 'ELECT$ OCCUPY+ >MY'4 ,:AT REMA9S >E EMPTY C]EMONY & ! EX]CISE ( T]ROR AGA9/ ! POOR & DIFF]5T - = 9/ANCE1 ! 'W> ON CRIME'4 ,H[EV]1 ,BEY SPECULATES ?AT ! /ATE C\LD BE US$ AS A K9D ( SOCIAL 'CU/OM & RI<T' AGA9/ CAPITAL4 

,BEY'S REACTION TO #i_/#a#a 9 ',CRISIS ( ,MEAN+' IS BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT MEAN+ IS ALREADY 9 CRISIS4 ,?IS IS NOT *ANG$ BY '#e MURD]S'4 ,YET O!RS ?\<T SOME?+ HAD *ANG$4 ,= 9/ANCE1 >TICLES AFT] #i_/#a#a W]E >GU+ ?AT ADV]TIS+ N[ SEEM$ %AMEFUL4 ,WASN'T IT ALREADY %AMEFUL1 S9CE DEA? & TRAG$Y HAPP5 EV]Y DAY8 

,BEY >GUES AGA9/ ! VIEW ?AT ANY TRAUMA OR TRAG$Y IS SO GREAT ?AT >T OR POETRY >E NO LONG] POSSIBLE4 ,!Y HAVE ALREADY SURVIV$ ! ,HOLOCAU/1 ,HIRO%IMA1 & ! ,GULAG1 9 SPITE ( PR$ICTIONS TO ! CONTR>Y4 ,BEY PR$ICTS - PROBABLY RI<TLY - ?AT #i_/#a#a W\LD QUICKLY BE SUBLIMAT$ 9TO ! COLLECTIVE UNCONSCI\S1 AFT] AN ORGY ( FE>1 HATE1 & DE/RUCTION ( FRE$OMS4 

,9 A LAT] 9T]VIEW1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT GLOBALISM HAS EM]G$ /RONG] ?AN EV]1 BECAUSE IT N[ HAS ! 5EMY IT HAD BE5 LOOK+ = S9CE ! ,SOVIET COLLAPSE4 ,AM]ICA IS ABLE TO SU/A9 GLOBALISM & HEGEMONY TOGE!R4 ,PEOPLE W]E HYPNOTIZ$ BY ! M$IA = TWO OR ?REE WEEKS AFT] #i_/#a#a4 ,?IS PRODUC$ A 'NEUROTIC1 OBSESSIVE1 TRANCE-LIKE CONSCI\SNESS'4 ,I W\LD SUGGE/ ?AT ?IS K9D ( HYPNOSIS IS COMMONLY REPEAT$ :5 TRAG$IES OR ATROCITIES OCCUR4 ,IT HAS BECOME AN IMPORTANT ME*ANISM ( /ABILIZATION4 

,SPECTACLE AS ,TRANCE 

,BEY SEES ECONOMIC SY/EMS AS PRODUC+1 OR BE+ CO-PRODUC$ )1 CORRESPOND+ WORLDVIEWS4 ,9DIG5\S & AGRICULTURAL SY/EMS HAVE AN ORGANIC CONSCI\SNESS4 ,CIVILIZATION EM]GES FROM IDEOLOGIES1 :I* RIGIDLY ORD] ! WORLD AS IF FROM \TSIDE4 ,IT MAKES AB/RACT IDEAS CONCRETE1 RA!R ?AN EM]G+ NATURALLY OR ORGANICALLY4 

,AS TE*NOLOGY EXP&S 9 MOD]NITY1 A CORRESPOND+ MA*9IC CONSCI\SNESS EM]GES4 ,! RIGID PSY*OLOGICAL REPRESSION ( ! UNCONSCI\S 9 ,VICTORIAN ?\<T IS BAS$ ON A M9D-MA*9E MODEL :I* REFLECTS ! PRODUCTION L9E4 ,IT LEADS TO PURITANISM & IMP]IALISM4 ,WE >E N[ UND]GO+ A FUR!R P>ADIGM %IFT FOCUS$ ON CYB]NETICS1 QUANTUM PHYSICS1 & DEMAT]IALIZATION4 ,TODAY1 ! LAW SEEKS TO SUPPRESS ?IS %IFT 7= 9/ANCE1 ?R\< ! ',W> ON ,DRUGS'74 

,H[EV]1 ! SY/EM IS ALSO US+ ! NEWLY-RECOV]$ ESOT]IC P[]S UNLEA%$ BY ?IS %IFT4 ,= ,BEY1 CIVILIZATION IS A 'TRANCE-LIKE /ATE' :I* PRODUCES A 'BAD CONSCI\SNESS'1 SOME:AT LIKE A BAD DRUG TRIP4 ,H]METIC P[]S HAVE ALSO BE5 APPROPRIAT$ BY SCI5CE1 ! ,/ATE1 CAPITALISM1 & ! M$IA4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ADV]TS USE ]OTICALLY *>G$ SYMBOLIC IMAG]Y1 9TELLIG5CE S]VICES USE CRYPTOGRAPHY1 & MONEY HAS A SPIRITUAL ORIG94 

,! P[] ( SU* 9/ITUTIONS CAN ONLY BE UND]/OOD 9 T]MS ( !IR RECUP]ATION OR TURN+-ASIDE ( H]METIC PROCESSES ORIG9ALLY DESIGN$ = LIB]ATION OR IMM$IACY4 ,SU* RECUP]ATION OCCURS BY US+ ! P[]S TO CONTROL US]S1 ?US LEAV+ !M ALI5AT$ RA!R ?AN 5*ANT$4 ,BEY CONSID]S MANY =MS ( TRANS=MATION TO BE AL*EMICAL4 ,! SY/EM USES A LOT ( 'EVIL AL*EMY'1 A CATEGORY :I* 9CLUDES NUCLE> WEAPONS1 COMMODIFICATION1 & ACTS SU* AS #i_/#a#a4 ,BO? DRUG ADDICTION & ! W> ON DRUGS >E '%AMANISM GONE BAD'4 

,BEY !ORIZES CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY AS A V>IETY ( ! GNO/IC IDEOLOGY ( DISEMBODIM5T4 ,9=MATION !ORY IS N[ PRODUC+ FANTASIES ( DISEMBODIM5T WOR?Y ( ,PURITANS OR GNO/ICS4 ,! '9=MATION ECONOMY' IS A NEW MASK = BODY-HATR$4 ,IT 9VOLVES REVULSION AGA9/ ! HEAV9ESS ( MAT]IAL PRODUCTION1 & ! ONGO+ REPLACEM5T ( ORGANIC SPACE ) MA*9IC SPACE TO ORGANIZE CONSCI\SNESS4 

,COMPUT]S >E A K9D ( PROS!SIS ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,!Y MAKE ! RELIGI\S M9D-BODY SPLIT EV5 MORE ACUTE1 BY REIFY+ CONSCI\SNESS 9 TE*NOLOGY4 ,VIRTUAL LIFE 5C\RAGES A FALSE TRANSC5D5CE1 9 :I* PEOPLE BELIEVE CONSCI\SNESS WILL BECOME IMMORTAL AS PURE 9=MATION4 

,?IS IDEOLOGY =GETS ?AT WE CAN'T EAT 9=MATION4 ,CAPITAL SEEKS TO TRANSC5D ! BODY 9TO PURE SPIRIT OR 9=MATION4 ,9 FACT1 ! GNO/IC CAPITAL :I* ESCAPES EMBODIM5T ALSO RELIES ON A HUGE EXPLOIT$ P]IPH]Y ( OLD-FA%ION$ 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE1 MO/LY 9 ! GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,?IS PROCESS %[S ! FALSITY ( COMMODITIES4 ,! IDEA ?AT IMAGES >E WEAL? IS A DELUSION CAUS$ BY ! ,SPECTACLE & BELIEV$ BY ITS SUPPORT]S4 

,BEY >GUES ?AT ! 'GNO/IC DUALI/S >E WRONG' - BODY & SPIRIT CANNOT EXI/ )\T EA* O!R4 ,! RULE ( SPIRIT HAS ALI5AT$ US FROM ! LANGUAGE ( ! BODY1 :I* WE SC>CELY EV5 SPEAK TODAY4 ,MOD]NITY BELIEVES 9 RATIONALITY1 UNIFI$ CONSCI\SNESS1 TELEOLOGICAL HI/ORY & SO ON4 ,PUBLIC DISC\RSE PRET5DS TO BE SECUL>1 & SEP>ATE FROM RELIGION4 ,BUT 9 FACT1 RELIGI\S PH5OM5A KEEP RESURFAC+1 = EXAMPLE 9 MORAL PANICS1 CONSPIRACY !ORIES & SO ON4 ,SU* SOCIAL PH5OM5A *ANNEL SIMIL> 5]GIES TO RELIGION4 ,BEY VIEWS ! CURR5T SY/EM AS 9 FACT DEEPLY RELIGI\S1 BAS$ ON A GNO/IC SEP>ATION ( M9D & BODY1 & A P>TICUL> ANSW] TO ! RELIGI\S PROBLEM ( 9T5SITY4 

,BEY >GUES ?AT ! M$IA'S EXT5SION ACROSS ! SOCIAL FIELD ALSO CREATES PROBLEMS = P[]4 ,! M$IA HAS P>ADOXICALLY APPROA*$ A LIMIT ( 'IMAGE-5CLOSURE' 7BY ANALOGY ) ! ,5CLOSURES ( L&74 ,?IS LEADS TO A 'CRISIS ( ! /ASIS ( ! IMAGE1 & ( ! COMPLETE DISAPPE>ANCE ( COMMUNICATIV5ESS'4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 BECAUSE ALL IMAGES >E CAPTUR$ BY ! M$IA1 IMAGES LOSE ! ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE4 ,EV]Y?+ ! M$IA SAYS REF]S TO ITSELF1 & LACKS AN EXT]NAL CONNECTION TO AN \TSIDE4 ,?IS IDEA IS D]IV$ FROM ,BAUDRILL>D1 & PO9TS TO TRANS=MATIVE /RATEGIES FOCUS$ ON HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION & 9TIMATE M$IA4 ,SOVIET COMMUNISM FAIL$ BECAUSE IT FAIL$ TO EMBRACE ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,CAPITAL ADAPT$1 & SO WILL DIS9TEGRATE 9/EAD ( IMPLOD+4 

,9 ONE ESSAY1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,EVIL ,EYE EXI/S1 9 ! S5SE ( HAV+ APP>5T EFFECTS4 ,IT'S A COMPLEX WAY 9 :I* HUMANS AFFECT EA* O!R4 ,WE/]N]S >E ESPECIALLY VULN]ABLE TO ! ,EYE1 BECAUSE ! WE/]N SOCIAL E?IC IS ROOT$ 9 5VY1 & BECAUSE DEF5SES >E NOT US$4 ,CAPITALISM & ,RUSSIAN-/YLE COMMUNISM >E BO? ROOT$ 9 5VY1 & REQUIRE IT AS A SURVIVAL TRAIT4 

,! GAZE ?US BECOMES A GAZE ( HATE1 RA!R ?AN LOVE4 ,IT IS EXPRESS$ >\ND US AS ! PANOPTICON 7SURVEILLANCE1 P]=MANCE MANAGEM5T & SO ON74 ,IT MANIFE/S AS AN EXP]I5CE ( DEPRIVATION & MIS]Y1 (T5 FOCUS$ ON LACK ( SOME COMMODITY4 ,?IS EXP]I5CE IS FUEL$ BY ! WAYS WE >E REPRES5T$1 AS LACK+ COMMODITIES OR RI<TS4 ,AGA9/ 5VY1 ,BEY PROPOSES NOT MORALITY 7'ANO!R AB/RACTION'7 BUT OV]-ABUNDANT P[]4 

,AS 9 HIS O!R OCCULT PIECES1 ! CLAIM ?AT ! ,EVIL ,EYE 'EXI/S' IS NOT SO MU* AN ONTOLOGICAL CLAIM AS A METAPHOR = A P>TICUL> AFFECT OR SOCIAL =CE - 9 ?IS CASE1 5VY & LACK4 ,?IS 9 TURN IS A V>IANT ( ! RECURR+ !ME ( ALI5ATION1 :I* IS C\NT]POS$ TO LIFE-=CE4 

,CRITIQUE ( ,REPRES5TATION 

,BEY !ORIZES REPRES5TATION AS A H>D5$ =M ( IMAG]Y4 ,CAPITALISM1 OR ! 'CRUEL 9/RUM5TALITY ( ,REASON'1 HAS A FLATT5+ EFFECT4 ,IT R$UCES CONSCI\SNESS TO A #b-DIM5SIONAL MAP4 ,?IS MAP IS VIEW$ ME*ANICALLY4 ,MEAN+ IS EXCLUD$1 AS IT W\LD DISRUPT ME*ANICAL ORD]4 ,?IS LEADS TO A CONTEMPOR>Y 'PLAGUE ( MEAN+LESSNESS' & A COLLAPSE ( E?ICS4 ,M>XISM IS SIMIL>LY LIMIT$ BECAUSE IT REPRODUCES MEAN+LESSNESS4 ,! !ORY ( MEAN+ IMPLI$ H]E IS EXPRESSIVE OR AFFECTIVE4 ,9/RUM5TAL RATIONALITY DE/ROYS MEAN+ BECAUSE IT IS DIFFICULT TO 9VE/ EMOTIONALLY 9 IT4 

,! TYPE ( IMAGE US$ 9 MOD]N SOCIETY REFLECTS ?IS T5D5CY T[>DS MEAN+LESSNESS4 ,WRIT+ & COMPUT] COD+ >E BAS$ ON IMAGES4 ,H[EV]1 !Y >E REIFI$1 SOLIDIFI$ =MS ( IMAGES4 ,COMPUT] COD+ IS BAS$ ON A V]Y SIMPLE1 B9>Y IMAGE-SY/EM4 ,IT NEV] ESCAPES IMAGES1 BUT !Y >E BURI$ MORE DEEPLY4 ,9 ,ABEC$>IUM1 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT WRIT+ IS A =M ( ALI5ATION1 :I* BR+S ) IT ! /ATE4 ,IT 5ABLES COMMUNICATION & !RE=E ACTION AT A DI/ANCE4 ,?IS T5DS TO DE/ROY E>LI]1 DIRECT =MS ( COMMUNITY4 

,H[EV]1 V>I\S SO-CALL$ 'PRE-WRIT+' SY/EMS1 SU* AS WAMPUM1 MANAGE TO AVOID ALI5ATION4 ,!Y %\LD BE R5AM$ 7& NOT CALL$ WRIT+ OR PRE-WRIT+7 TO AVOID IMPLICATIONS ( EVOLUTION-AS-PROGRESS4 ,SU* SY/EMS BELONG TO COMPLEX1 WEAL?Y SOCIETIES :I* REFUSE ! EM]G5CE ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE4 

,SYMBOLISM ?R\< IMAGES >ISES 9 NON-/ATE SOCIETIES4 ,H[EV]1 WRIT+ BAS$ ON AB/RACT LETT]S IS 9H]5TLY /ATI/4 ,/ATES SEEM TO REQUIRE WRIT+1 ALONG ) IRRIGATION & METALLURGY1 TO EXI/4 ,WRIT+ IS A K9D ( MAGIC1 OR 'ACTION-AT-A-DI/ANCE'1 :I* 5TRAPS PEOPLE = ! /ATE4 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN WAMPUM IS NEI!R MONEY NOR WRIT+4 ,9/EAD1 IT OP]ATES TO W>D (F !SE TE*NOLOGIES4 ,COLONIZ]S TURN$ IT 9TO MONEY BY MASS-PRODUC+ & C\NT]FEIT+ IT1 CORN]+ ! M>KET4 

,9 ,ABEC$>IUM1 ,WILSON REC\NTS ! EVOLUTION ( ! LETT]S ( ! ,5GLI% ALPHABET FROM HI]OGLYPHS ) PICTORIAL RESEMBLANCE TO ! ?+S !Y REPRES5T4 ,HE PORTRAYS ?IS PROCESS AS A K9D ( 5TRAPM5T & ALI5ATION ( IMAG9AL MEAN+4 ,LETT]S CAPTURE ! SPIRIT ( ! IMAGE SO IT CAN BE MANIPULAT$ OR WOR%IP$4 ,WORDS MA9TA9 A MAGICAL 7IMAG9AL7 CONNECTION TO ?+S1 BUT ?IS IS HIDD5 BY LETT]S4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! P[] ( IMAGES P]SI/S B5EA? LETT]S4 ,MO/ IMAGES >E TURN$ BACK-TO-FRONT OR UPSIDE-D[N1 TO CONCEAL !IR IMAGE-P[]4 ,A1 = EXAMPLE1 IS A BULL OR OX - BUT ! IMAGE ( ITS HEAD IS TURN$ UPSIDE-D[N4 ,ORIG9ALLY A PR\D BULL1 IT IS N[ DOME/ICAT$4 ,! UND]LY+ PICTORAL MEAN+ ( LETT]S IS TAK5 TO REBUT ! /RUCTURALI/ IDEA ?AT WRIT+ IS >BITR>Y4 

0,COP ,CULTURE0 

,! POLICE-/ATE LOGICS ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y /ATE ALSO HAVE AN IMAG9AL ELEM5T4 ,9 A #a#i#hS PIECE1 ,BEY CALLS = A BOYCOTT ( 'COP CULTURE'4 ,HE >GUES ?AT POLICE ,T,V %[S 5C\RAGE ID5TIFICATION ) P[] - :I* HE T]MS A 'POLICE-/ATE-(-CONSCI\SNESS'4 ,VIEW]S >E 5C\RAG$ TO ID5TIFY AS P[]LESS VICTIMS4 ,?IS VICTIM ID5TITY PLAYS 9TO ! GRIEVANCES ( ID5TITY GR\PS4 ,IT 5C\RAGES US TO SEE ! POLICE AS ! M$IATOR BETWE5 CRIM9AL & VICTIM1 & BETWE5 EA* O!R4 ,?IS /OPS US ID5TIFY+ AS *AOTIC H]OES4 ,! P[] ( ! POLICE IS BUILT ON ! VIEW]'S HELPLESSNESS & LACK ( AUTONOM\S SUB/ANCE4 

,9 POLICE DRAMAS1 IF WE >5'T P[]LESS VICTIMS1 WE >E CRIM9ALS4 ,!SE %[S ALSO 5C\RAGE PEOPLE TO ACT AS AMATEUR COPS & 'HELP' ! POLICE4 ,:ILE REAL VIGILANTES >E ?REAT5+ TO ! POLICE-/ATE1 M$IA VIGILANTES SUPPORT IT4 ,PEOPLE >E TURN$ 9TO EXT5SIONS ( ! /ATE'S SURVEILLANCE MA*9]Y ?R\< %[S LIKE ,CRIMEWAT*4 ,?IS PROCESS TURNS PEOPLE 9TO A NATION ( TOADIES SUCK+ UP TO AN ELITE ( BULLIES4 ,IT PREP>ES US = A MESSIANIC MOM5T ( POLICE-/ATE CONTROL :I* IS AT ONCE TOTAL CONTROL & LEE*$ ( CONT5T - 'MEAN+LESS VIOL5T SPASMS' AS ! 'LA/ PR9CIPLE ( GOV]NANCE'4 

,! SIGNIFI]S 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS PH5OM5ON >E CONTRADICTORY4 ,PEOPLE AMBIGU\SLY ID5TIFY AS VICTIMS OR AMATEUR COPS1 BUT ALSO ID5TIFY AS CRIM9ALS & WANT 'CRIME'4 ,! SIGNIFI] ( 'CRIME' HAS COME TO /& = UNM$IAT$ DESIRE4 ,H5CE1 POLICE %[S 5ACT A K9D ( 9N] CONFLICT BETWE5 SUP]EGO & ID1 ACROSS AN AB&ON$ L&SCAPE ( ALI5ATION4 

,! SUCCESS ( POLICE %[S IS A RESULT ( POPUL> ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,MANI*EAN WORLDVIEW ( ! POLICE4 ,IT PLAYS TO AN 9N] P]SONALITY 9 :I* PASSION IS DAMM$ & DIV]T$ AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,BEY SEEKS ! DE/RUCTION ( ! >*ETYPAL IMAGE ( ! COP OR ! COP-9-!-HEAD 7NOT NECESS>ILY ( 9DIVIDUAL COPS74 ,DE/ROY+ ?IS 9N] REPRESSIVE =CE RELEASES TIDES ( PASSIONATE 5]GY - NOT ! NEGATIVE DISORD] FE>$ BY AU?ORIT>IANS4 

,AM]ICAN ,GLOBAL ,HEGEMONY 

,BEY ALSO OCCASIONALLY DISCUSSES GLOBAL GEOPOLITICS4 ,9 ',! ,9=MATION ,W>'1 ,BEY DI/+UI%ES ?REE K9DS ( CONFLICT4 ,9DIG5\S W> IS A 'RITUAL BRAWL'1 VOLUNT>Y & NON-HI]>*ICAL4 ,/ATI/ OR CLASSICAL W> IS COMPULSORY & HI]>*ICAL4 ,HYP]REAL OR 'PURE' W> - ! K9D DISCUSS$ BY ,BAUDRILL>D - IS BAS$ ON IMAGES & PSY*OLOGICAL EFFECTS4 ,WILSON PORTRAYS ! F\ND+ ( ,AM]ICA AS A SUCCESSFUL CONSPIRACY BY A :ITE MALE ELITE AGA9/ ,*UR* & ,K+4 

,! ELITE'S P[] IS F\ND$ ON 5T]PRISE1 9CLUD+ SLAV]Y & SW9DL+1 & A POLITICAL SY/EM DESIGN$ TO P]PETUATE !IR RULE4 ,! ,U,S HAS DEF9$ ITSELF AS ! HEGEMON OV] AN ILLUSORY 'FREE M>KET'1 ACT+ AS BO? ,C,E,O & 'SECURITY COP' AT A GLOBAL LEVEL4 ,OV]T DISCRIM9ATION HAS L>GELY BE5 REPLAC$ BY PSY*OLOGICAL RACISM1 OR HO/ILITY TO O!R CULTURES4 ,IMAG9ATIVE P>TICIPATION 9 O!R CULTURES IS A WAY TO RESI/ PSY*OLOGICAL RACISM4 

,AM]ICA HAS TRI$ TO AVOID ! PROBLEM ( DIV]SITY ?R\< ITS MELT+-POT APPROA*4 ,BUT 9 PRACTICE1 ,AM]ICAN CONS5SUS CULTURE WAS ,5GLI% COLONIAL CULTURE ) AMNESIA & FRONTI] BLU/]4 ,MULTICULTURALISM EM]G$ AS A RESPONSE TO ! FAILURE ( ASSIMILATION4 ,IT IS DESIGN$ TO SAVE ! ,AM]ICAN SY/EM ( SOCIAL CONTROL1 BY ALL[+ A SMALL DEGREE ( CULTURAL SELF-ID5TITY & TOK5I/IC 9CLUSION4 

,M9ORITY CULTURES >E /ILL VALU$ ONLY 9 RELATION TO A 'UNIV]SAL' CULTURE ( ! DOM9ANT GR\P4 ,!Y >E ALSO 'APPROPRIAT$' 9 ! S5SE ( BE+ COMMODIFI$1 & R$UC$ TO IMAGES OR ',SPECTACLE'4 ,LIB]AL 9TEGRATION POSITS A FALSE SEP>ATION ( CULTURES1 :I* 9 FACT >E ONLY TOL]AT$ OR 5C\RAG$ IF !Y TACITLY RECOGNIZE ! C5TRALITY ( ! CONS5SUS4 ,P>TICUL>ITIES & CULTURES >E SPOKES 9 A :EEL >\ND A C5TRAL HUB1 ! DOM9ANT SY/EM4 ,G5U9E CULTURAL AUTONOMY & HORIZONTAL CONNECTIONS ACROSS CULTURES >E =BIDD54 

,! CONS5SUS ?US SUCKS 9 5]GY 9 A DEA?-LIKE PROCESS4 ,S9CE P>TICUL>ISM IS A S\RCE ( RESI/ANCE1 ! SY/EM (F]S A FALSE =M ( IT1 DEVOID ( 9SURRECTION>Y DESIRE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT 5C\RAGES HATR$ & CONFLICT AMONG GR\PS1 & RESPONDS TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS ) SECURITIZATION4 ,! SY/EM PROVIDES FALSE1 PACKAG$ P>TICUL>ITIES >TICULAT$ BY ! COMMODITY SY/EM1 :]EAS ,BEY PROPOSES AUTONOM\S GR\PS >TICULAT$ ?R\< RECIPROCITY & A GIFT ECONOMY4 

,9/EAD ( MULTICULTURALISM1 ,BEY CALLS = 'RADICAL TOL]ANCE'4 ,?IS IS A SITUATION ( CREATIVE *AOS & MULTIPLE RELATIONS AMONG RELATIVELY EQUAL P[]S1 )\T A C5T]4 ,! SY/EM'S PLURALISM FOCUSES ON ! SPECIFIC OBJECT ( DESIRE - SU* AS A P>TICUL> FOOD OR DANCE - :]EAS ! REAL ISSUE IS 'TO BE Y\RSELF' OR TO 'BE FREE'4 ,! POSSIBILITY ( AUTONOM\S DESIRE IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! OBJECT ( DESIRE4 ,! SY/EM CAN (F] ! OBJECT 7CONDITIONAL ON CON=MITY71 BUT NOT AUTONOMY - & ?IS R5D]S P>TIAL VICTORIES & RE=MS PROBLEMATIC4 

,TODAY'S 'PAN-CAPITALISM' 9 !ORY P]MITS ANY IMAGE1 BUT 9 PRACTICE PROVES UNABLE TO G5]ATE ANY?+ BUT SAM5ESS4 ,IMAGES ( RELATIONS O!R ?AN EX*ANGE >E IMPLICITLY PROHIBIT$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A DOCUM5T>Y AB\T AN 9DIG5\S GR\P CANNOT CONVEY ! MEAN+ ( GIFT ECONOMY1 AL?\< IT MI<T CREATE 'COGNITIVE DISSONANCES' ?R\< ?+S :I* REMA9 UNSE54 

,DISCUSSION 

,BEY'S ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM1 ! /ATE1 & ! ,SPECTACLE IS ?\<T-PROVOK+ & 9SI<TFUL4 ,IT IS WRITT5 ) AN EYE TO /RATEGIC RESPONSES TO P>TICUL> CONFIGURATIONS ( P[]4 ,C\NT] TO C]TA9 CRITICS1 ,I W\LDN'T 9T]PRET ,BEY AS R$UC+ ! SY/EM TO AN IMAG9>Y CON/RUCT1 OR A 'DISC\RSE' 9 A N>R[ S5SE4 ,RA!R1 HE IS SUGGE/+ ?AT ! IMAG9AL UND]P9N+ ( ! SY/EM PROVIDES ! MATRIX = ITS REAL FUNCTION+4 

,! IMAG9AL ASPECT ( ! SY/EM DISRUPTS RESPONSES ON A PURELY MAT]IAL LEVEL4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO FI<T AT ! IMAG9AL AS WELL AS ! MAT]IAL LEVEL TO BE EFFECTIVE4 ,?IS IS SIMIL> TO ,GRAMSCI'S VIEW ?AT CIVIL SOCIETY 9SULATES ! /ATE & CAPITAL FROM REVOLUTION4 ,IT BY NO MEANS IMPLIES ?AT ! SY/EM'S VIOL5CE1 OR ITS HUMAN CONSEQU5CES1 >5'T 'REAL'1 OR ?AT ! SY/EM WILL DISAPPE> SIMPLY FROM NOT BELIEV+ 9 IT4 

,H[EV]1 ,I FEEL ,BEY (T5 PLACES TOO GREAT AN EMPHASIS ON RECUP]ATION RELATIVE TO REPRESSION1 AS A ?REAT TO SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,HE SEEMS1 !RE=E1 TO OV]EMPHASIZE IMAG9AL /RATEGIES OV] MAT]IAL CONTROL ( SPACES1 RES\RCES & SO ON4 ,ESPECIALLY 9 ! PO/-#i_/#a#a ]A1 REPRESSION IS A V]Y REAL ?REAT4 ,IT RESPONDS 9 A T>GET$ WAY TO ! DANG] POS$ TO IT BY AUTONOM\S ZONES4 

,! IDEA ?AT ! /ATE CAN FUNCTION AS AN 'ADV]S>Y' AGA9/ :I* TO %>P5 ONE'S CLAWS SEEMS NAIVE 9 A CONTROL SOCIETY1 9 :I* /ATE-PRODUC$ FE> & ANXIETY HAVE SU* A DEBILITAT+ EFFECT ON DISS5T4 ,9 ADDITION TO ITS IMAG9AL OP]ATION1 CAPITAL & ! /ATE ALSO RELY ON SPATIAL DOM9ANCE4 ,IT SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE TO PREV5T ?IS DOM9ANCE )\T SOME K9D ( C\NT]-P[]4 ,I W\LD ANALYZE LEGALIZATION1 & O!R BORD]-CONFLICTS ) ! /ATE1 AS MORE ?AN JU/ RECUP]ATION - !Y >E ALSO MEANS TO PU% BACK ! /ATE1 TO CREATE SPACE = AUTONOMY4 

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE 
,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE 

,C\NT]CULTURE GURU ,HAKIM ,BEY IS BE/-KN[N = HIS CONCEPT ( ,T,A,Z - ! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE4 ,PREVI\S COLUMNS HAVE RECON/RUCT$ ,BEY'S IMMAN5T ONTOLOGY & HIS CRITIQUES ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE4 ,9 ?IS SIX? ( SIXTE5 P>TS1 ,BEY'S SEM9AL IDEA - ! ,T,A,Z - IS F9ALLY EXAM9$4 ,I ALSO EXPLORE O!R TYPES ( AUTONOM\S ZONES F\ND 9 ,BEY'S WORK1 & HIS LAT] !ORIES ( SMALL-SCALE GR\P =MATION4 

,! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE 

,BEY'S BE/-KN[N CONCEPT IS ! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE1 USUALLY ABBREVIAT$ ,T,A,Z4 ,?IS CONCEPT ORIG9ATES 9 HIS WORKS ( ! #a#i#hS1 & ESPECIALLY ! #aiia COMPILATION ( ! SAME NAME4 ,:5 ! PIECES APPE>+ 9 ! BOOK W]E FIR/ WRITT51 ! FIGURE ( ,BEY WAS NOT YET ASSOCIAT$ ) ,WILSON4 ,MANY PIECES APPE>$ AS TYPEWRITT51 SIGIL-COV]$ LEAFLETS ON COLOR$ PAP]1 BE=E BE+ REPR9T$ 9 A BEWILD]+ >RAY ( Z9ES4 ,MANY W]E FIR/ COLLAT$ AS A BOOK 9 #a#i#h#e1 & PO/$ ON ! ,9T]NET - A PROCESS ,BEY CLAIMS HE HAD 'NO?+ TO DO )'4 

,BEY DELIB]ATELY AVOIDS DEF9+ ! CONCEPT ( ,T,A,Z1 :I* HE SEES AS SELF-EXPLANATORY :5 EXP]I5C$ 9 ACTION4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS NOT A MEAN+LESS CONCEPT1 BUT ONE ) IMAG9AL RESONANCES4 ,IF SOMEONE HAS EXP]I5C$ A ,T,A,Z1 !Y WILL BE ABLE TO TELL A ,T,A,Z FROM A NON-,T,A,Z4 ,ONCE ! PHRASE IS LODG$ 9 SOMEONE'S M9D1 ,BEY PR$ICTS !Y WILL BEG9 TO SEE ,T,A,ZS EV]Y:]E4 ,R\<LY SPEAK+1 A ,T,A,Z IS A DELIB]ATELY %ORT-LIV$ 7OR ELSE PREC>I\S7 SPATIAL ZONE 9 :I* PEAK EXP]I5CES & ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS >E REALIZ$1 9 A CONTEXT ( 'AUTONOMY' OR ! ABS5CE ( HI]>*Y4 ,A ,T,A,Z IS NECESS>ILY IMM$IATE & PRES5T1 RA!R ?AN AN IDEAL :I* FUELS SACRIFICE = ! FUTURE4 

,! IDEA ( ,T,A,Z IS AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLOIT CRACKS 9 ! P[] ( ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON ! LIMITS ( BROAD-BRU% REPRES5TATIONAL PRACTICES4 ,! POSSIBILITY ( ,T,A,Z IS GR\ND$ 9 ! GAP BETWE5 ! MAP & ! T]RITORY4 ,A MAP1 OR O!R REPRES5TATION1 IS NEV] A P]FECT REPRES5TATION ( ! T]RITORY4 ,IT ALWAYS SIMPLIFIES & LEAVES ?+S \T4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT !RE >E SPACES :]E *AOS CAN REEM]GE4 ,PEOPLE CAN PRACTICE AUTONOMY1 )\T BE+ REPRES5T$4 

,BEY DRAWS ON ! CYB]PUNK IDEA ( 'ISL&S 9 ! NET'4 ,HE SUGGE/S ?AT A COLLAPSE ( C5TRALIZ$ CONTROL WILL LEAD TO A PROLIF]ATION ( EXP]IM5TAL COMMUNITIES & ZONES4 ,! MAP IS CLOS$1 BUT ! ,T,A,Z IS OP51 EXP&+ ALONG MOLECUL> L9ES 9VISIBLE ON ! MAP4 ,A ,T,A,Z IS OP5 BECAUSE IT IS NOT 'ORD]$'4 ,EV5 IF IT IS PLANN$1 IT IS ! SPONTANE\S 'HAPP5+' :I* DEF9ES IT4 ,T,A,Z IS FE/IVE1 & FI<T+ '= ! RI<T TO P>TY' IS NOT A P>ODY :5 5JOYM5T IS USUALLY M$IAT$4 ,IT IS A K9D ( 5DLESSLY REPLICAT+1 TEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION4 

,ONE F9DS SPACES :]E ,T,A,Z'S CAN BE =M$ BY LOOK+ = SPACES & TIMES NEGLECT$ OR UNNOTIC$ BY ! /ATE4 ,BEY PORTRAYS ,T,A,ZS AS OCCUPY+ GAPS 9 TIME AS WELL AS SPACE1 LIKE M$IEVAL FE/IVALS4 ,! CONDITIONS = ,T,A,ZS >E LIKE '/RANGE ATTRACTORS' 9 *AOS !ORY1 >IS+ \TSIDE OBS]VABLE CAUSALITY & SEEM+ ALMO/ >BITR>Y4 ,A ,T,A,Z IS A PLACE :]E REVOLUTION HAS ACTUALLY HAPP5$1 EV5 IF ONLY = A %ORT TIME1 = A FEW PEOPLE4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( A ,T,A,Z IS SIMIL> TO A POTLAT* OR A FE/IVAL4 ,IT 9VOLVES AN EXP]I5CE ( EXCESS1 9T5SITY & ABUNDANCE4 ,A ,T,A,Z IS A ZONE ( PEAK EXP]I5CE & S5SORY 9T5SITY4 ,BEY1 FOLL[+ ,BAUDRILL>D1 >GUES ?AT ! SY/EM VALUES SIMULATION1 NOT SUB/ANCE4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ,T,A,ZS CAN 9VISIBLY OCCUPY ! ZONES ( SUB/ANCE NEGLECT$ BY ! SY/EM4 ,! ,T,A,Z IS ?US A 'TACTIC ( DISAPPE>ANCE'4 ,IT IS ?US RA!R DIFF]5T FROM ! CONFRONTATION TYPICAL ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS4 ,H[EV]1 DISAPPE>ANCE CANNOT SIMPLY 5TAIL 'NEV] COM+ BACK'4 ,IT MU/ BE POSSIBLE TO CONCEIVE ( EV]YDAY LIFE 9 A LIB]AT$ ZONE4 ,A ,T,A,Z PROVIDES ! PEAK EXP]I5CE ( 9SURRECTION )\T ! RISK ( M>TYRDOM4 

,!RE IS NOT A SPECIFIC WAY TO CREATE A ,T,A,Z4 ,RA!R1 ,T,A,ZS HAVE BE5 & >E BE+ CREAT$ 9 DIFF]5T WAYS4 ,FROM A /RATEGIC /&PO9T1 ,BEY IS NOT EXPECT+ AN IMM95T EXPLOSION ( AN>*I/ CULTURE4 ,H[EV]1 HE SEES ,T,A,ZS AS A /EP 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 PREFIGUR+ AN AN>*I/ CULTURE 9 MICROCOSM4 ,! WORLD MI<T *ANGE BECAUSE ( A ,T,A,Z1 OR IT MI<T NOT4 ,! FOCUS %\LD NOT BE ON SU* EFFECTS4 ,RA!R1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT WE %\LD 'KEEP ON ! MOVE1 & LIVE 9T5SELY'4 ,T,A,ZS >E CONNECT$ BY OP5 9=MATION NETWORKS4 ,!Y >E BAS$ ON 9DISCRIM9ATE SYNCRETISM1 NOT EXCLUSION4 

,SOME ,T,A,ZS >E P]SI/5T1 9T]CONNECT$1 UND]GR\ND NODES4 ,A WELL-=M$ ,T,A,Z IS CL&E/9E1 9VISIBLE1 NOT REPRES5T$ 9 ! M$IA OR ! ,SPECTACLE1 & UNDEF9ABLE 9 ! SY/EM'S T]MS4 ,IT IS !RE=E ABLE TO AVOID BE+ RECUP]AT$ OR REPRESS$ BY A SY/EM :I* CANNOT SEE IT4 ,H[EV]1 ,BEY DOES NOT WI% = ,T,A,ZS TO BE TEMPOR>Y MOM5TS ( EXCESS :I* QUICKLY BURN-\T4 ,RA!R1 !Y >E MO/ EFFECTIVE AS ISL&S 9 ! NET4 

,WE DON'T KN[ :]E ! PROCESS ( 9T5SITY WILL LEAD - = 9/ANCE1 :E!R IT WILL BE HI<-TE* OR AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/4 ,H[EV]1 WE CAN TRACE ! DIRECTION TO MOVE 9 - 'SUCCESSFUL RAIDS ON CONS5SUS REALITY'1 9CREASES 9 ABUNDANCE & 9T5SITY4 ,BEY >GUES ?AT A ,T,A,Z IS MORE ?AN SIMPLY A BOLT-HOLE )9 ! SY/EM1 SU/A9$ BY P>ASITISM ON IT4 ,IF ,T,A,ZS EXP& PA/ A C]TA9 PO9T1 !Y BECOME AN 5TIRE ALT]NATIVE WORLD1 SIMIL> TO ?AT PORTRAY$ 9 ! ANA*I/ UTOPIA BOLO'BOLO4 ,T,A,Z IS ALSO A LE>N+ PROCESS1 A GR[? FROM TAM5ESS TO F]ALITY OR WILDNESS4 

,ES!TICS IS IMPORTANT 9 REALIZ+ AN EFFECTIVE ,T,A,Z4 ,ECONOMICALLY1 A ,T,A,Z MI<T BE BAS$ ON :AT ,BEY CALLS ! 'SURPLUS ( SOCIAL OV]PRODUCTION' OR 'PIRATE ECONOMICS'4 ,?IS 9VOLVES EXTRACT+ P>T ( ! SURPLUS LEFT OV] FROM CONSUM]ISM & CAPITALISM4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ! QUE/ION ( L& IS A RECURR+ PROBLEM = AN>*Y4 ,! C5TRAL QUE/ION IS H[ TO SEP>ATE SPACE FROM CONTROL1 SO AS TO CREATE LIB]AT$ SPACES4 

,! ,T,A,Z AS A /RATEGY IS PREFIGUR$ 9 ,BEY_/,WILSON'S HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES4 ,!SE W]E MORE-OR-LESS P]MAN5T COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE E/ABLI%$ 9 REMOTE OR SECLUD$ GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS4 ,HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES ( ,T,A,ZS 9CLUDE MO/ ( ! CASES DISCUSS$ BY ,BEY - ,M>OON & 'TRI-RACIAL ISOLATE' COMMUNITIES1 REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TS LIKE ! #aiai ,MUNI* ,SOVIET & ! #ahga ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 %ORT-LIV$ OCCUPATIONS LIKE ,D',ANNUNZIO'S ,FIUME1 PIRATE UTOPIAS1 ,F\RI]I/ EXP]IM5TS1 ! ,ASSASS9S ( ,ALAMUT & SO ON4 

,H[EV]1 MOD]N TE*NOLOGY MAKES SU* AUTONOM\S ZONES UNLIKELY4 ,WE >E N[1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 9 A WORLD )\T UNMAPP$ ZONES4 ,BEY POSITS ! ,T,A,Z AS AN ALT]NATIVE :I* ALREADY EXI/S4 ,IT PROVIDES A POSSIBILITY = ACTION EV5 :5 IT SEEMS HOPELESS4 ,AT LEA/1 ONE %\LD SEEK TO CULTIVATE 9SI<T1 LOVE1 FRE$OM & JU/ICE )9 ONESELF & ONE'S FEW CLOSE FRI5DS1 TO ! GREATE/ DEGREE POSSIBLE 9 ONE'S CONTEXT4 

,T,A,Z TWELVE YE>S ON 

,9 A #bc 9TRODUCTION TO ! BOOK ,T,A,Z 7:I* IS A COLLECTION ( SEV]AL #hS PIECES71 ,BEY LOOKS BACK ON ,T,A,Z ) NO/ALGIA1 DESCRIB+ IT AS A V]Y '#hS' BOOK1 FROM A MORE ]OTIC & ROMANTIC TIME4 ,H[EV]1 HE ALSO SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,T,A,Z SEEMS ! 'LA/ & ONLY MEANS ( CREAT+ AN ,\TSIDE' OR SPACE ( RESI/ANCE TO ! SY/EM4 ,HE D5IES ?AT HE 9V5T$ ! ,T,A,Z4 ,9/EAD1 HE 9SI/S HE M]ELY GAVE A NAME TO WAYS ( MAXIMIZ+ SOME CONCEPTION ( FRE$OM ?AT COME NATURALLY TO ?OSE :O RESI/4 

,9 ANO!R LAT] PIECE1 ,BEY DISAV[S ! CLAIM ?AT ,T,A,Z AB&ONS PA/ & FUTURE TO AN ET]NAL PRES5T1 OR REPLACES CONCRETE POLITICS4 ,RA!R1 IT IS A WAY TO MAXIMIZE AUTONOMY & PLEASURE = AS MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE1 AS SOON AS POSSIBLE4 ,T,A,ZS HAVE EXI/$1 & WILL EXI/ 9 ! FUTURE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,T,A,Z IS NOT ! 5D ( ! L9E1 BUT SIMPLY ! ONLY MANIFE/ATION ( RADICAL CONVIVIALITY VISIBLE TODAY4 

,BEY LOOKS BACK ON ! BOOK AS SURPRIS+LY ANTI-PESSIMI/IC4 ,HE SUGGE/S ?AT ! 'HIPPIE_/PUNK AN>*ISM' UND]P9N+ ,T,A,Z IS ONE ( AN >RAY ( ?IRD ALT]NATIVES 7TO CAPITALISM & COMMUNISM7 :I* SEEM TO HAVE FAIL$ OR DISAPPE>$ AFT] #a#i#h#i4 ,H[EV]1 HE >GUES ?AT ,T,A,Z AS PEAK EXP]I5CE OR EXI/5TIAL CONDITION REMA9S IMPORTANT TO REVITALIZE ! SOCIAL4 ,HE N[ SEES ! ,T,A,Z AS ! LA/ WAY ( CREAT+ AN \TSIDE1 AT LEA/ 9 ! CORE C\NTRIES4 

,BEY P>TICUL>LY CRITICIZES ! ,9T]NET1 & HIS E>LI] WRIT+S ON ?IS1 SUGGE/+ ?AT IT HAS N[ BECOME A COMM]CIAL_/SURVEILLANCE NETWORK1 & EMPHASIZ+ ! NE$ TO RESI/ M$IATION4 ,HE ALSO SUGGE/S ?AT ,T,A,ZS CAN BE P]IODIC 7E4G4 CAMPS & HOLIDAYS7 OR P]MAN5T 7E4G4 COMMUNES & 5CLAVES74 ,!RE >E EV5 'DEGREES' ( ,T,A,ZNESS 9 PH5OM5A SU* AS HOBBY GR\PS4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 HE PR$ICTS A NEW MOVEM5T AGA9/ CAPITALISM & ! SIMULAT$ OR SPURI\S WORLD ( SPECTACLE4 ,?IS MOVEM5T WILL BE SPONTANE\S & EXP]I5TIAL1 ,GRE51 POSSIBLY TE*NOPHOBE1 SPIRITUAL OR %AMANI/IC1 'SOCIAL'1 & PROBABLY BAS$ 9 ! ,F\R? ,WORLD4 ,IT WILL V>Y BETWE5 PLACES1 & WILL USE GU]RILLA TACTICS TO LIB]ATE SPACE & TIME1 AVOID+ BIG CONFRONTATIONS4 

,T,A,Z & ! ,9T]NET 

,! ASSOCIATION ( ,T,A,Z ) ! ,9T]NET & CYB]CULTURE HAS BE5 ONE ( ! MAJOR L9ES ( PROMOTION ( ,BEY'S WORK4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,&RE ,LEMOS T]M$ ,M9ITEL1 ! ,FR5* PROTO-,9T]NET SY/EM1 A ,T,A,Z BECAUSE IT IS SELF-ORGANIZ+ & RHIZOMATIC4 ,H[EV]1 ,BEY WAS ALWAYS HESITANT AB\T VIRTUAL APPLICATIONS ( ! ,T,A,Z IDEA4 ,HE >GU$ ?AT ! C\NT]-NET1 OR NETWORK ( DISSID5T 9=MATION1 NE$S TO BE EXP&$4 ,! Z9ES & ,B,B,S'S ( ! #a#i#iS >E SAID TO 9SUFFICI5TLY PROVIDE GOODS & S]VICES = EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,9 A NEW PREFACE FROM #b#c1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! DISCUSSION ( ! ,9T]NET IS ! LEA/ CONTEMPOR>ILY RELEVANT P>T ( ,T,A,Z4 ,HE CRITICIZES A C\NT]CULTURE :I* N[ MI/AKES 'A FEW ?\S& 0HITS0' = POLITICAL ACTION1 & :I* NEGLECTS PHYSICAL PRES5CE4 

,9 ',ISLAM & ! ,9T]NET'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! MAJOR LIMIT ( VIRTUAL POLITICS IS ?AT ! ,9T]NET CAN BE CONTROLL$ FROM \TSIDE4 ,IT IS DIFFUSE 9 ITS 9T]NAL P[]-/RUCTURE1 BUT ?IS IS UND]M9$ BY ITS CONNECTIONS ) ! WID] CONTEXT4 ,!RE=E1 RESI/ANCE ALSO HAS TO HAPP5 \TSIDE ! ,9T]NET4 ,AN 5TIRELY VIRTUAL RESI/ANCE IS ONLY A SPECTACLE ( RESI/ANCE4 ,! BODY MU/ ALSO BE PRES5T 9 EFFECTIVE RESI/ANCE4 

,H[EV]1 COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGIES CAN ORGANIZE REVOLUTIONS4 ,BEY USES ! EXAMPLE ( ! #aigi ,IRANIAN REVOLUTION1 :I* RELI$ HEAVILY ON CASSETTE TAPES4 ,HE NEV]!LESS >GUES ?AT TE*NOLOGY CANNOT OV]COME ! CULTURAL OR RELIGI\S =CES ( P[]4 ,WE NE$ TO /OP REIFY+ TE*NOLOGY1 & REALIZE ?AT ONLY IMAG9ATION CREATES VALUES4 

,!RE IS AN AMBIGUITY 9 ! ,9T]NET1 BECAUSE IT IS DESIGN$ 9 A /RUCTURE SIMIL> TO 9DIG5\S W>F>E 7I4E4 DIFFUSE P[]7 TO AVOID DE/RUCTION4 ,IT IS 'DESIGN$ TO BE \T ( CONTROL'4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS DOES NOT R5D] IT SAFE OR FREE4 ,?OSE :O CONTROL ! MEANS ( COMMUNICATION HAVE P[] OV] ?OSE :O COMMUNICATE4 ,! ,9T]NET IS NOT REALLY 9 HEAV51 BECAUSE IT CAN BE CONTROLL$ FROM \TSIDE4 ,AS A RESULT1 IT IS A FALSE TRANSC5D5CE ( ! CULTURE-NATURE DI*OTOMY4 

,S9CE ! ,9T]NET CAN BE CONTROLL$ FROM \TSIDE1 RESI/ANCE ALSO HAS TO OCCUR \TSIDE4 ,ALSO1 ! CONTROLL]S ( ! ,9T]NET WILL BE RELUCTANT TO ALL[ IT TO SPREAD TO ! GLOBAL MAJORITY1 BECAUSE ( ! FE> ( T]RORISM4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS 9 MANY WAYS A RELIGI\S PROBLEM4 ,! B9>Y ( GOOD & EVIL PREV5TS A TE*NOLOGY LIKE ! ,9T]NET FROM BR++ SALVATION4 ,9DE$1 COMMUNICATION TE*NOLOGIES T5D TO BECOME =MS ( M$IATION & SEP>ATION4 

,9 A LAT] WORK1 ',S$UCTION ( ! ,CYB] ,ZOMBIES'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT 'O!R NETS' NE$ TO BE SET UP ALONGSIDE '!' ,NET1 O!RWISE IT WILL SIMPLY BECOME ANO!R ALI5AT+ M$IUM4 ,!SE 'O!R NETS' W\LD 9CLUDE O!R PATT]NS ( COMMUNICATIV5ESS & CONVIVIALITY4 ,9DE$1 ! ,9T]NET TODAY IS SO ALI5AT$ AS TO BE 9T]E/+ MA9LY AS A 'ROMANTIC RU9' - A SITE :]E OLD SITES1 COD+ LANGUAGES & WEBPAGES >E AVAILABLE TO BRICOLEURS4 

,9 ',M$IA-,SPACE6 - ,OP5+ ,SPEE*'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! ,9T]NET RAIS$ SOCIAL HOPES BECAUSE IT WAS \T ( CONTROL4 ,IT IS /ILL TE*NICALLY \T ( CONTROL1 BUT N[ SOCIALLY UND] CONTROL4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ! T9Y FREE SPACES >E N[ DW>F$ BY MASSIVE MULT9ATIONALS4 ,! /RUGGLE TODAY OV] ,9T]NET C5SOR%IP IS L>GELY BETWE5 CAPITAL & ! /ATE4 ,! ,9T]NET SUITS CAPITAL BECAUSE IT IS SIMIL>LY *AOTIC & DEC5T]$4 ,TE*NOLOGIES MIRROR ! SOCIETY & ECONOMY ?AT G5]ATE !M4 ,! ,9T]NET %\LD BE US$ AS A TOOL1 NOT IMAG9$ TO BE A MAGICAL ANSW] TO POLITICAL PROBLEMS4 ,! ,9T]NET IS MOLECUL>1 BUT MOLECUL>ITY CAN BE US$ AGA9/ US4 

,9 ',A ,NETWORK ( ,CA/LES'1 ,BEY COMP>ES ! ,9T]NET TO ,ALAMUT4 ,HE SUGGE/S ?AT ! NETWORK ASPECT ( HORIZONTAL POLITICS IS N[ EASI]4 ,BUT ! PROBLEM IS 9 CREAT+ CA/LES FROM :I* TO NETWORK4 ,IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO CREATE DEF5SIBLE POSITIONS1 GIV5 MOD]N MILIT>Y & SURVEILLANCE TE*NOLOGY4 ,9/EAD1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT UNUS$ SITES MAY BE OCCUPI$ 9 P]IODS ( CONFUSION & COLLAPSE1 & WILL !N BE UNASSIMILABLE BUT ALSO IRRELEVANT4 ,!RE WILL BE LITTLE REASON = CAPITAL OR ! /ATE TO WA/E EF=T DE/ROY+ !M4 7,9 O!R PIECES1 ,BEY SPECULATES AB\T SURVIVALI/ HIDE-\TS1 UND]WAT] OR UND]GR\ND FACILITIES1 OR \T] SPACE1 ?\< HE CONCLUDES ?AT NONE ( !M SEEM FEASIBLE74 

,9 AN 9T]VIEW1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! MILIT>Y MADE A MI/AKE 9 9V5T+ ! ,9T]NET4 ,! ,9T]NET IS A MA*9E ( 9DIG5\S W> 79 ,CLA/RES' S5SE ( DIFFUSION ( P[]71 NOT CLASSICAL W>4 ,! ,9T]NET IS DEC5TRALIZ$1 & !RE=E REPRODUCES ! /RUCTURE ( 9DIG5\S W>4 ,H[EV]1 ! MILIT>Y & CORPORATIONS >E SEEK+ TO CONTROL ! ,9T]NET4 ,! ,9T]NET CAN REPRODUCE M9D-BODY SEP>ATION4 ,IF PEOPLE DON'T ?9K AB\T ! BODY1 DESIRE1 & PLEASURE1 !Y >E /UCK 9 A M5TAL GAME )\T REAL RESI/ANCE TO OPPRESSION4 ,REAL RESI/ANCE IS EMBODI$ RESI/ANCE4 

,BEY PR$ICTS ! FUSION ( TELEVISION & ! ,9T]NET 9TO A S+LE1 F9AL M$IUM :I* 5CLOSES & C5SORS_/MOD]ATES ALL DISC\RSE4 ,MORE REC5TLY1 ,BEY IS REPORT$ TO WANT TO SMA% ! ,9T]NET ) A HAMM]4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,KNI<T1 ,WILSON CAN'T USE A COMPUT]1 & DOESN'T UND]/& ?AT ! ,BEY ID5TITY IS NO LONG] A SECRET4 ,H[EV]1 9 HIS MORE PRO-,9T]NET P]IOD1 ,BEY_/,WILSON WAS REPORT$LY 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,ONG'S ,HAT HOAX4 

,TEMPOR>Y1 ,P]MAN5T1 & ,P]IODIC ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONES 

,9ITIALLY1 ,T,A,Z IS TEMPOR>Y = A P>TICUL> /RATEGIC REASON4 ,9 ! BOOK ,T,A,Z1 TEMPOR>9ESS IS CONNECT$ TO ! NE$ = /RUGGLE AGA9/ AN ADV]S>Y TO PRODUCE 9T5SITY4 ',SUCCESSFUL' REVOLUTIONS RISK COLLAPS+ 9TO HABIT & BOR$OM4 ,! TEMPOR>9ESS ( ,T,A,Z IS ?US A WAY TO PREV5T ITS 5CRU/ATION 9TO 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ SOCIALISM4 ,EV5 !N1 ,BEY RECOGNIZ$ ?AT C]TA9 CAUSES REMA9 SEMI-P]MAN5T1 IF ONLY BECAUSE !IR ADV]S>IES >E SO AWFUL4 

,?IS /RATEGIC P]SPECTIVE DECL9ES AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 ) NEOLIB]ALISM CLAIM+ TO BE ! ONLY POSSIBLE WORLD4 ,AS A RESULT1 RECURR+ & P]MAN5T ,T,A,ZS BECOME CONCEIVABLE4 ,9 ',P]IODIC ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE'1 ,BEY DISCUSSES FE/IVALS & C>NIVAL AS V>IETIES ( RECURR+ ,T,A,Z4 ,!Y CREATE A LIM9AL 79BETWE57 ZONE BETWE5 CULTURE & NATURE4 ,?IS SOMETIMES REFLECTS ECOLOGICAL & ECONOMIC CYCLES4 ,= 9/ANCE1 SUMM]TIME GA!R+ SEEMS LIKE PLAY COMP>$ TO SPR+_/AUTUMN F>M+4 ,9 ?IS PIECE1 ,BEY ALSO >GUES = ! REEM]G5CE ( CAMPS1 AS SITES = AUTONOM\S ZONES4 ,SU* 'NEO-CAMPS' WILL NE$ TO BE DISGUIS$ FROM ! /ATE1 & PROVIDE A MON? OR TWO ( TEMPOR>Y FRE$OM4 ,?IS IS BETT] ?AN NO AUTONOM\S ZONES AT ALL1 GIV+ A TA/E ( AUTONOMY4 

,9 ! P>ADOXICALLY TITL$ ',P]MAN5T ,T,A,ZS'1 ,BEY RESPONDS TO ! EXPANSION ( ,T,A,ZS AT ! TIME ( WRIT+4 ,PEOPLE >E DROPP+ \T1 DISAPPE>+1 OR AT LEA/ CREAT+ !IR [N NETWORKS 9 URBAN FOLK-CULTURE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 MU* PASSION & CREATIVITY GOES 9TO HOBBY NETWORKS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 SWA!S ( ! WORLD >E N[ EMPTY ( SUB/ANTIVE P[]1 BESIDES M$IA & A FEW POLICE4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 SOME ,T,A,ZS >E NO LONG] TEMPOR>Y4 

,AUTONOM\S GR\PS /ILL T]RIFY ! /ATE - AS 9 CASES SU* AS ,M,O,V,E & ,WACO4 ,GR\PS :I* CAN /AY 9VISIBLE >E ABLE TO SURVIVE & AVOID P]SECUTION4 ,AT ?IS /AGE1 ,BEY MA9TA9S ?AT ! SY/EM MI<T ALREADY BE DEAD1 & SPASM+ VIOL5TLY4 ,IT BECOMES POSSIBLE TO WAIT \T ! /ORM 9 AUTONOM\S ZONES - P]HAPS 'A NICE AN>*I/ MONA/]Y SOME:]E'4 

,ONE V>IANT ON ! ,T,A,Z IS ! ,PA/ORAL ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE DISCUSS$ 9 ,E7C7LOGUES1 AN ANTI-TE* TYPE ( ,T,A,Z SET UP = 'EC/ATIC COMMUNION ) ,NATURE'4 ,WILSON SUGGE/S ?AT1 BY EXP]I5C+ ?IS /ATE BE=E IT'S TOO LATE1 WE CAN CONTRIBUTE TO BR++ IMMAN5CE 9TO ! WORLD4 ,PA/ORALISM DOES NOT NECESS>ILY IMPLY PEACE4 ,9DE$1PA/ORAL CULTURES SOMETIMES PRACTICE 9DIG5\S W>F>E4 

,9 EXTREME CASES1 PEOPLE 5D UP LIV+ 9 /ONE T[]S & GU>D+ !IR FLOCKS ) WEAPONS4 ,REMOTE M\NTA9\S REGIONS ALSO HAVE !IR [N CULTURES1 :I* (T5 9VOLVE SPECIAL =MS ( 9T5SITY4 ,SOMETIMES1 EV]YONE IS CONSID]$ NOBLE4 ,URBAN PA/ORALISM IS ALSO POSSIBLE 9 SOME CITIES1 SU* AS ,B5>ES 7,V>ANASI74 ,9 A POEM1 ,WILSON SUGGE/S ?AT ',SCY?IANS )\T HORSES' >E LIKE C5TAURS CUT 9 HALF1 'HALF HUMAN HALF NO?+'1 WA/+ #a#b1 YE>S ( CO-EVOLUTION4 

,9 ',BACK TO #a#i#a#a3 ,TEMPORAL ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONES'1 ,WILSON >GUES = ! RECON/RUCTION ( ALT]NATIVE EXP]I5CES BAS$ ON PA/ HI/ORICAL P]IODS4 ,?IS IS A*IEV$ ?R\< RE/RICT+ ONESELF TO TE*NOLOGY ?AT EXI/$ OR WAS POSSIBLE 9 ! P]IOD4 ,! P]IOD HE PROPOSES IS #a#i-#a#i#a#d1 ! ]A ( ! 'DAWN ( MOD]NISM' :I* NEV] CAME4 ,! EXP]I5CE ( ?IS P]IOD CAN BE RECON/RUCT$ BY US+ TE*NOLOGIES & TE*NIQUES ( ! P]IOD1 SU* AS LETT]-WRIT+1 & AVOID+ O!R TE*NOLOGIES1 SU* AS TELEVISION4 

,TONGS1 ,BEES1 & ,O!R ,GR\PS 

,9 WORKS WRITT5 AFT] ,T,A,Z1 ,BEY HAS 9CREAS+LY FOCUS$ ON SMALL-SCALE1 IMM$IATE1 (T5 CL&E/9E GR\PS1 ) ! T]MS 'TONG' & 'BEE' (T5 RECURR+4 ,9 ',! ,CRIM9AL ,BEE'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ,T,A,Z & RELAT$ /RUCTURES RELY ON ILLEGALITY1 EV5 :5 !Y BREAK NO LAWS4 ,!Y BREAK ! FRAMEWORK ( CONS5SUS REALITY4 ,HE ADVOCATES 'BEES'1 OR SMALL-SCALE1 TASK-FOCUS$ GR\PS1 AS ! 'ONLY VIABLE IMM$IATE MEANS ( REALIZ+ PASSIONAL S]IES 9 REAL-TIME1 EV]YDAY LIFE'4 ,!Y >E BAS$ ON EVASION & NOMADISM1 RA!R ?AN CONFRONTATION & SEIZ+ P[]4 

,H[EV]1 ,BEY >GUES /RONGLY AGA9/ ! READ+ ( ,T,A,Z AS AN EVASION1 PO/PONEM5T OR SUB/ITUTE = REVOLUTION4 ,9/EAD1 HE >GUES ?AT UPRIS+1 ON A MODEL SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ,SOREL1 EM]GES FROM ! ,T,A,Z1 :I* IS A 'MATRIX' = IT1 & A PREFIGURATION1 A 'PRE-E*O'4 ,9 ,SOREL1 REVOLUTION IS !ORIZ$ AS 'G5]AL /RIKE'1 :I* IS AT ONCE A FUTURE EV5T & AN ORGANIZ+ 'MY?'4 ,P>TICUL> UPRIS+S & /RIKES S]VE AS 9/ANCES ( ! SAME 5]GY1 OR AS PREFIGURATIONS1 ( ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,AN EFFECTIVE ,T,A,Z 9 ?IS S5SE %\LD BE BO? 5JOYABLE & POLITICAL4 ,BEY >GUES ?AT MO/ GR\PS >E ONE OR ! O!R - EI!R JOYLESS POLITICS OR APOLITICAL LIFE/YLE EV5TS4 

,! TONG1 OR SECRET SOCIETY 7A T]M = A C]TA9 TYPE ( REVOLUTION>Y OR CRIM9AL GR\P 9 PRE-REVOLUTION>Y ,*9A71 IS A SIMIL> TYPE ( GR\P4 ,9 ',BLACK ,?ORN ,MANIFE/O'1 ,BEY CELEBRATES 'C]TA9 AN>*O-,TAOI/ ,*9ESE TONGS' & EXPRESSES A WI% TO REPRODUCE !IR 'MUTUAL AID WEBWORKS'4 ,9 ',TONG ,ES!TICS'1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,CITY ( ,WILL[S WAS AN IMAG9AL SPACE ( ! ,*9ESE TONG4 

,BEY >GUES ?AT ES!TICS1 OR /YLE1 IS ALSO IMPORTANT 9 ! EM]G5CE ( TONGS TODAY4 ,A TONG REQUIRES A CAUSE & A LEG5D4 ,! LEG5D IS SIMIL> TO A ,SORELIAN MY? - SOME?+ ONE WI%ES TO MANIFE/ 9 ! WORLD4 ,! CAUSE MI<T BE ! ,9SURRECTION1 :I* IS PREFIGUR$ 9 ! ,T,A,Z4 ,! LEG5D IS A PASSIONATE READ+ OR PSY*OLOGICAL /RUCTURE ( ! CAUSE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 IT MI<T REVIVE RADICAL MILL5>IAN BELIEFS4 

,9 ,IMM$IATISM1 ,BEY CLAIMS TO REFOCUS FROM DISAPPE>ANCE TO REAPPE>ANCE1 &1 H5CE1 ORGANIZATION4 ,CAPITALISM N[ RECUP]ATES >TI/IC 9T5SITY ALMO/ 9/ANTLY4 ,! TONG IS AGA9 PROPOS$ AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL =M4 ,BEY DEF9ES A TONG AS A SECRET MUTUAL B5EFIT GR\P = M>G9AL OR ILLEGAL PURPOSES4 ,TODAY'S TONGS MAY BE VIRTUALLY SECRET SIMPLY BY MEANS ( AVOID+ MASS-M$IA ATT5TION4 ,AVOID+ ! M$IA IS CRUCIAL = MA9TA9+ ! P[] ( AN ACTIVITY4 ,A TONG MAY ALSO BE SELECTIVE 9 :OM IT ADMITS1 & 9 H[ MU* 9=MATION IT %>ES4 ,BEY D5IES ?AT ?IS IS ELITI/1 BECAUSE ! GR\P DOES NOT RE/RICT ITSELF SO AS TO COALESCE P[]4 

,OV]COM+ ISOLATION IS ITSELF A C5TRAL GOAL ( A MOD]N TONG4 ,SU* GR\PS ALSO OP]ATE TO MUTUALLY 5HANCE MEMB]S' LIVES4 ,!Y W\LD EVOLVE 9TO NUCLEI ( 'SELF-*OS5 ALLIES' SEEK+ TO SEIZE BACK MORE & MORE SPACE & TIME = PLAY1 EV5TUALLY EXP&+ 9TO A NETWORK & A MOVEM5T1 & F9ALLY A NEW SOCIETY4 ,H[EV]1 ITS NETWORK+ NE$S TO BE SL[ & CORPOREAL4 

,BEY LAT] TRIES TO SY/EMIZE ! DIFF]5T GR\PS HE DISCUSSES4 ,!Y >E DIFF]5T LEVELS ( EXPRESSION ( HIS PROJECT ( 'IMM$IATISM'4 ,9 ',! ,OCCULT ,ASSAULT ON ,9/ITUTIONS'1 HE LI/S A S]IES ( 9CREAS+LY BROAD GR\PS :I* HE PORTRAYS AS LEVELS ( IMM$IATI/ ORGANIZATION3 

,! GA!R+ - ANY SPONTANE\S ACTION1 SU* AS A REVOLT1 P>TY1 RAVE1 OR ,BE-92 

,! POTLAT*1 OR EX*ANGE P>TY2 

,! ,BEE1 SU* AS QUILT+ BEES - A GR\P ( FRI5DS MEET+ TO WORK TOGE!R ON A PROJECT1 OR UNIT$ BY A COMMON PASSION2 

,! ,TONG OR SECRET SOCIETY1 OR ITS ABOVE-GR\ND EQUIVAL5T1 ! CLUB2 

,! ,T,A,Z1 :I* CAN >ISE FROM ANY OR ALL ( ! PREVI\S LEVELS4 ,A ,T,A,Z LA/S BETWE5 ONE NI<T & A C\PLE ( YE>S1 BUT :ILE IT LA/S1 IT FILLS ! HORIZON ( ATT5TION ( ITS P>TICIPANTS1 BECOM+ A :OLE SOCIETY2 

,! UPRIS+ OR 9SURRECTION1 9 :I* ! ,T,A,Z SEEKS TO BECOME ! :OLE WORLD4 

,( !SE1 ! ,TONG IS ! HI<E/ ?AT CAN BE PR$ET]M9$4 ,! O!RS CANNOT BE 'ORGANIZ$' - AT MO/ ONE CAN MAXIMIZE CONDITIONS = !M TO HAPP54 ,9 ANO!R PASSAGE1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! SOCIAL MODEL IMPLI$ BY ONTOLOGICAL AN>*ISM IS ! B& OR GANG4 ,:]EAS FAMILIES RESULT FROM SC>CITY1 B&S EXPRESS ABUNDANCE4 ,?IS E*OES AN?ROPOLOGICAL /UDIES ( B&S4 

,ALL ( ! GR\P-TYPES LI/$ ABOVE HAVE A SIMIL> PURPOSE & FUNCTION4 ,9 ',S$UCTION ( ! ,CYB] ,ZOMBIES'1 ,BEY >GUES = A PR9CIPLE ( GR\P-=MATION SIMIL> TO ,F\RI]'S4 ,! PURPOSE ( ! GR\P IS TO MAXIMIZE PLEASURE OR 'LUXURY' = ITS MEMB]S4 ,! COHESION ( ! GR\P /EMS FROM PASSION1 :I* = ,BEY IS ! ONLY VIABLE 9TEGRATIVE =CE4 

,IMM$IATI/ GR\PS >E NOT BAS$ ON 'GR\P-?9K' OR A COMMON MORAL CODE4 ,!Y >E NOT MEANT TO C\NT] 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,9/EAD1 !Y >E MEANT TO 5HANCE 9DIVIDUALS BY PROVID+ A 'MATRIX ( FRI5D%IP'1 & COMBAT+ LONEL9ESS & ALI5ATION4 ,?IS TYPE ( GR\P IS BO? ! MO/ NATURAL POSSIBLE = HUMANS1 & ! WOR/ ABOM9ATION = CAPITAL4 

,AN IMM$IATI/ GR\P HAS RULES ( PLAY 7AS A GAME71 BUT NOT LAWS4 ,IT SEEKS TO RESI/ CAPTURE1 :I* FOLL[S FROM REPRES5TATION4 ,IMM$IATI/ ORGANIZATIONS HAVE ! GOALS ( CONVIVIALITY 7COM+ TOGE!R & 5HANC+ EA* O!R'S PLEASURES71 CREATION ( BEAUTY \TSIDE /RUCTURES ( M$IATION1 DE/RUCTION ( ! 'UGL9ESS' ( CAPITALISM1 & ! CON/RUCTION ( VALUES ?R\< PEAK EXP]I5CES4 

,=M+ SU* GR\PS IS ITSELF AN ACT ( RESI/ANCE4 ,CAPITALISM ONLY ALL[S A LIMIT$ RANGE ( GR\PS1 BAS$ ON PRODUCTION1 REPRODUCTION OR CONSUMPTION4 ,SIMPLY COM+ TOGE!R \TSIDE ( !SE CATEGORIES IS ALREADY A VICTORY - 9DE$1 IT HAS 'A*IEV$ VIRTUALLY EV]Y?+ ,IMM$IATISM YE>NS ='4 ,?IS DEFIANCE ( ALI5ATION & BOR$OM WILL G5]ATE PLAY & >T ALMO/ AUTOMATICALLY4 

,=M+ SU* A GR\P IS A /RUGGLE1 BECAUSE TIME & WORK PRESSURES MILITATE AGA9/ IT4 ,ONE MU/ OV]COME ! FEEL+ ( BE+ 'TOO BUSY' = ,IMM$IATI/ PROJECTS - ?IS IS ! :OLE PO9T1 TO DEFEAT ! /RUCTURE ( CAPITALISM :I* PREV5TS CONVIVIALITY4 ,ANO!R PROBLEM ,BEY ID5TIFIES IS ! TEMPTATION TO SELL ! >T CREAT$ ?R\< SU* PROJECTS4 ,! TEMPTATION IS /RONG1 BECAUSE IT ALL[S ONE TO AVOID WORK4 ,H[EV]1 IT RISKS M$IATION1 & H5CE BE+ SE51 & H5CE REPRESSION ( ! SECRET GR\P4 

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,! ,PESSIMISM ( ,AUTONOMY 
,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,! ,PESSIMISM ( ,AUTONOMY 

,HAKIM ,BEY'S !ORETICAL CREATIVITY DID NOT 5D ) ! PUBLICATION ( ,T,A,Z1 & HE HAS CONT9U$ TO PRODUCE NEW CONTRIBUTIONS = ?OSE SEEK+ AUTONOMY 9 A *ANG+ /RATEGIC FIELD4 ,9 ?IS ESSAY1 ! SEV5? 9 A S]IES ( SIXTE5 COLUMNS ON ,BEY'S WORK1 ,I EXAM9E HIS CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ! #aiif BOOK ,MILL5NIUM ONW>DS4 

,MILL5NIUM3 A *ANG$ /RATEGIC FIELD 

,! /RATEGIC CONC]NS UND]P9N+ ,T,A,Z REC$E 9 ,BEY'S MORE REC5T WORK4 ,9 ,MILL5NIUM1 WRITT5 9 #a#i#i#f1 ,BEY REV]SES HIS E>LI] CRITIQUE ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS4 ,) COMMUNISM NO LONG] AN ISSUE1 HE REF]S TO A NE$ = 'REVOLUTION>Y PRES5CE'1 PITT$ AGA9/ ! ALI5ATION & SEP>ATION ( CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV]1 HE 9SI/S ?AT ?IS PRES5CE %\LD ALSO VALUE DIFF]5CE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 HE CELEBRATES ! ,ZAPATI/AS = WI%+ TO REMA9 ,MAYANS )\T MAK+ EV]YONE ,MAYANS4 ,!Y ASS]T ! RI<T TO BE DIFF]5T4 ,!Y ALSO ACT TO EXPEL P[]1 RA!R ?AN SEIZE IT1 KN[+ ! /ATE C\LD NOT DE/ROY !IR ZONE1 :I* WAS ALREADY DEPLET$4 

,DUR+ ! ,COLD ,W>1 AN>*ISM TOOK A POSITION AS A ?IRD ALT]NATIVE TO CAPITALISM & ,/AL9ISM4 ,TODAY1 !RE IS NO SU* POSSIBILITY1 AS ! SECOND POSITION HAS COLLAPS$4 ,?IS *ANG$ CONTEXT ?RU/S AN>*I/S 9TO ! POSITION ( BE+ ! OPPOSITION1 ! SECOND POLE4 ,IT =CES ,BEY TO RE?9K HIS PREVI\S CRITICISMS ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS4 ,BEY >GUES ?AT DIFF]5CE IS ! ORGANIC REVOLUTION>Y RESPONSE TO CAPITALI/ SAM5ESS1 OR MONOCULTURE4 ,BEY SEES 'TRIBAL' OR COMMUNAL DIFF]5CES BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY PRECI\S AS SITES ( DIFF]5CE FROM CAPITALISM4 ,(T51 SU* DIFF]5CES >E RECUP]AT$ AS SPECTACLE1 CU/OMS1 CONSUMPTION OPTIONS & SO ON4 ,H[EV]1 'ORGANIC 9TEGRAL DIFF]5CE' BECOMES REVOLUTION>Y TODAY4 ,!RE IS ?US A *OICE BETWE5 A HEGEMONIC P>TICUL>ITY - 9TEGRAT$ 9TO NEOLIB]ALISM - & AN ANTI-HEGMONIC P>TICUL>ITY4 

,BEY N[ CALLS = AN ALLIANCE ( P>TICUL>ITIES4 ,TODAY1 ANY UNASSIMILABLE DIFF]5CE IS POT5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y4 ,SOME REMA9 REACTION>Y1 AS 'HEGEMONIC P>TICUL>ITIES' SEEK+ CONTROL1 :]EAS O!RS BECOME TRULY REVOLUTION>Y 'NON-HEGEMONIC P>TICUL>ITIES'4 ,BO? RI<T & LEFT REBEL AGA9/ ! SY/EM'S TOTAL CONTROL1 & !Y >E N[ H>D TO TELL AP>T4 ,:ILE 5C\RAG+ NON-HEGEMONIC P>TICUL>ITIES1 ,BEY ALSO >GUES = ! DEVELOPM5T ( CONVIVIALITY :I* COMMUNICATES ACROSS 'FALSE B\ND>IES'4 ,! UNIT+ FACTOR AMONG SU* P>TICUL>ITIES IS 'PRES5CE'1 OR OV]COM+ ALI5ATION ?R\< 9T5SITY4 

,BEY PROPOSES A F$]ALISM SIMIL> TO ,PR\DHON'S1 BETWE5 V>I\S P>TICUL>ITIES4 ,9 SU* A MODEL1 AUTONOMY & F$]ATION >E COMPLEM5T>Y RA!R ?AN CONTRADICTORY4 ,! KEY PR9CIPLE ( SU* A F$]ATION W\LD BE TO RECOGNIZE FRE$OM AT EV]Y LEVEL ( ORGANIZATION1 EV5 ! SMALLE/4 ,?IS %\LD NOT1 H[EV]1 BE A F$]ATION ( OR?ODOXIES4 ,ISLAM1 = 9/ANCE1 9CLUDES A RANGE ( DIFF]5T VIEWS ( ! SACR$1 IRR$UCIBLE TO OR?ODOXY OR FUNDAM5TALISM4 ,IT IS ! UNOR?ODOX & H]ETICAL V>IANTS :I* ,BEY SEEKS TO BR+ TOGE!R 9 A GLOBAL NETWORK$ /RUGGLE ) O!R P>TICUL>ITIES4 ,9DE$1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ,ISLAM IS 9DISP5SABLE TO A GLOBAL ANTI-CAPITALI/ COALITION4 

,= ,BEY1 AN>*ISM IS ANTI-IDEOLOGICAL4 ,ONE %\LDN'T C>E IF SOMEONE ELSE WI%ES TO BE A ,MAYAN1 ,MUSLIM1 OR RATIONALI/1 AS LONG AS ONE CAN SEC$E & 9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY IS SAFE4 ,?IS CREATES A POSSIBILITY = BROAD COALITIONS ( GR\PS EXCLUD$ BY CAPITAL1 ON ! BASIS ( MUTUAL TOL]ANCE4 ,AUTONOM\S 5CLAVES ( DIFF]5T GR\PS >E TO BE L9K$ ?R\< AN>*O-F$]ALISM 7,ISLAM & ,EUG5ICS74 ,AN>*ISM IS ! ONLY MOVEM5T CAPABLE ( BE+ TAK5 S]I\SLY1 9 A PO/-IDEOLOGICAL AGE4 ,9 ,MILL5NIUM1 ,BEY ALSO >GUES = ! CREATION ( SPACES = >TI/S \TSIDE ! COMMODIFI$ WORLD ( >T4 ,!SE SPACES W\LD REAFFIRM CREATIVITY 9 EV]YDAY LIFE4 

,9 ! CURR5T P]IOD1 CONTE/ATION IS 9T5SIFI$4 ,EA* ZONE EI!R BELONGS TO CAPITAL1 OR 5DS UP 9 OPPOSITION4 ,:ATEV] ! SY/EM TRIES TO DE/ROY TAKES ON AN AURA ( LIFE4 ,SOMETIMES IT DIFF]S FROM CAPITALISM ONLY BY A HAIR'S BREAD?1 BUT /ILL ?IS IS 5\< TO MAKE IT COMPLETELY REVOLUTION>Y1 DEFY+ ! RULE ( ! ONE SY/EM4 ,BEY LIK5S ?IS TO ! SMALL DI/ANCE 9 SATORI4 ,RELIGION IS FAC$ ) A *OICE ( CAPITULATION OR REVOLT4 ,>T1 TOO1 CAN SURVIVE ONLY 9 OPPOSITION ,NATIONALISM IS ON A COLLISION C\RSE ) CAPITALISM BECAUSE CAPITALISM HAS R$UC$ NATIONS TO 'ZONES ( DEPLETION'1 & BECAUSE CAPITAL IS 9T]E/$ 9 NATIONS ONLY = 9/RUM5TAL REASONS4 ,?IS ISSUE C\LD GO EI!R RI<T OR LEFT1 DEP5D+ ON :E!R ! NATION AS P>TICUL>ITY IS DEF9$ AS HEGEMONIC4 ,CAPITAL ALSO BEG9S TO CLA% ) REMNANTS ( SOCIAL IDEOLOGY 9 LIB]ALISM1 CONS]VATISM1 ! ,U,N1 ! ,E,U & SO ON4 ,POLITICS IS R$UC$ TO 'COGNITIVE DISSONANCE'1 AS NO IDEOLOGY IS REALLY COMPATIBLE ) TOTAL CAPITALI/ RULE4 

,H5CE1 ! GR\ND = ,T,A,Z'S HAS DISAPPE>$4 ,?IRD POSITIONS HAVE BE5 ELIM9AT$4 ,EV]Y?+ IS N[ EI!R CAPITULAT+1 OR OPPOS+ CAPITALISM4 ,CAPITAL CAN N[ TURN ITS ATT5TION TO :AT IT =M]LY HAD TO IGNORE DUE TO ! BIPOL> CONFLICT4 ,IT ALSO NO LONG] NE$S =M] ALLIES1 SU* AS ,*RI/IANITY1 OR TO MAKE DEALS ) SOCIAL SECTORS4 ,IT =M]LY NE$$ ALLIES 9 ITS FI<T AGA9/ SOCIALISM OR ! ,SOVIET BLOC4 ,TODAY1 IT REV]SES ! DEALS IT MADE ) ,NOR!RN LABOR MOVEM5TS & O!R ALLIES4 ,EV]Y?+ BECOMES DISPOSABLE4 ,REGIONS ( ! ,NOR? CAN BE TURN$ 9TO REGIONS ( ! ,S\? ?R\< CAPITAL FLI<T4 ,ANY P>TICUL> REGION1 CLASS1 PR(ESSION1 SEXUALITY1 OR ATTITUDE MI<T BE ! NEXT TO BE DISPOS$ (4 ,= PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE1 H[EV]1 ! *OICE IS BETWE5 CAPITULATION ON COM=TABLE T]MS & RE9V5T+ OPPOSITION4 ,T,A,ZS RETA9 A /RATEGIC ROLE1 BUT ! GOAL IS N[ TO EXT5D !M 9TO P]MAN5T AUTONOM\S ZONES1 :I* COALESCE 9TO ! 'MILL5NIUM' OR NEW WORLD4 

,AUTONOMY AS SU* IS N[ CRIM9ALIZ$4 ,BEY DISCUSSES ! CASES ( ,M,O,V,E & ! ,WACO SIEGE1 & >GUES ?AT BO? GR\PS W]E ATTACK$ BY ! /ATE BECAUSE !Y WANT$ TO BE AUTONOM\S4 ,! FACT ?AT PEOPLE JU/ WANT TO 'BE WEIRD - BY !MSELVES'1 OR BE A GR\P ON !IR [N T]MS1 \TRAGES CONS5SUS REALITY4 ,SOCIOLOGICALLY1 MILLIONS ( PEOPLE FROM MANY BACKGR\NDS >E DISSATISFI$4 ,BUT !Y T5D TO BE 9VISIBLE1 BECAUSE !Y DON'T VOTE OR WORK 9 ! =MAL SECTOR4 ,! MIDDLE-CLASS IS %R9K+1 :I* CREATES DANG]S ( FASCISM & POPULISM4 

,NEOLIB]ALISM CLAIMS !RE IS ONLY ONE WORLD4 ,MONEY IS FREE )9 ?IS ONE WORLD4 ,H[EV]1 9 PRACTICE1 IT DIVIDES ! WORLD 9TO 9CLUD$ & EXCLUD$ ZONES1 ZONES ( SECURITY & ZONES ( DEPLETION1 9 :I* IT SUCKS AWAY ALL LIFE-5]GY4 ,9/EAD ( CLA%+ IDEOLOGIES1 !RE IS N[ CAPITAL1 ON ONE SIDE1 & :AT IT EXCLUDES1 ON ! O!R4 ,BY DECL>+ ITSELF ! ONE WORLD - ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE - CAPITAL HAS CALL$ 9TO BE+ ITS NEMESIS4 ,?IS NEMESIS IS ! LA/-DIT* DEF5SE ( EV]Y?+ ?AT CANNOT BECOME P>T ( GLOBAL CAPITALISM4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ! OPPOSITION ?AT EM]GES 9 SU* A CONTEXT WILL BE PR(\NDLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! ',CLA/RIAN MA*9E'1 P>TICUL>LY %AMANISM4 ,?IS MA*9E WILL ATTACK EX*ANGE ITSELF1 & PROMOTE RECIPROCITY & G5]OSITY4 ,HE ALSO SUGGE/S ?AT P[] VACCUUMS WILL APPE> 9 ZONES DEPLET$ & EVACUAT$ BY CAPITAL1 PROVID+ RADICAL POSSIBILITIES4 ,?IS ANALYSIS ALSO IMPLIES ?AT TRANSGRESSION & ! CRITIQUE ( B9>IES >E NO LONG] EFFECTIVE APPROA*ES TO RESI/ANCE4 ,)\T BIPOL> CATEGORIES - ) ! SY/EM OP]AT+ AS ON5ESS 9/EAD ( B9>Y - !RE IS NO?+ TO TRANSGRESS4 ,!RE IS ONLY CAPITULATION OR OPPOSITION4 

,9 ',ISLAM & ! ,9T]NET'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT !RE IS A NE$ = EMBODI$ RESI/ANCE4 ,WE NE$ SOME?+ LIKE AN IDEOLOGY1 & WE NE$ TO CL>IFY 7BUT NOT PURIFY7 LANGUAGE4 ,COMMUNICATION NE$S TO BE RECON/RUCT$ AS 'COMMUNICATIV5ESS'4 ,BY ?IS1 ,BEY MEANS ?AT COMMUNICATION %\LD BE FE/IVE1 DIALOGICAL1 PLEASURABLE1 W>M1 & L9K$ TO DESIRE - RA!R ?AN BE+ AB/RACT & M$IAT$4 ,BEY ALSO CALLS = A SPIRITUALITY ( & = ! BODY1 & A RE-5*ANTM5T ( ! WORLD4 

,C]TA9 TYPES ( MOVEM5TS >E P>TIALLY RESI/ANT1 BUT ALSO PROBLEMATIC4 ,FUNDAM5TALISM SPE>HEADS RESI/ANCE TO CAPITALI/ CAPITULATION4 ,BUT BY CLOS+ ! DOORS ( 9T]PRETATION1 IT REPRESSES ! DESIRE = DIFF]5CE & PREV5TS ! EM]G5CE ( A FULLY-FL$G$ CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM4 ,MAFIAS >E A K9D ( %AD[ GOV]NM5T :I* EM]GES FROM ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,PA/ORAL ,CODE 7,CLA/RES'S VIEW ( 9DIG5\S W>F>E7 9 /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE4 

,9 ',! ,OBELISK'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS S9CE ! RISE ( C5TRALIZ$ P[] >E BAS$ ON ! GIFT ECONOMY1 :I* PREC$$ ?IS RISE4 ,?IS IS LESS CLE> TODAY ?AN 9 ! PA/4 ,BUT ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT TODAY'S MOVEM5TS /ILL SEEK 'EMPIRICAL FRE$OMS' DEF9$ BY ! ECONOMY ( ! GIFT - FRE$OMS SU* AS ! ABS5CE ( OPPRESSION1 CONVIVIALITY1 BODILY OR SPIRITUAL PLEASURE1 PEACE1 PL5TY1 EQUALITY1 & SO ON4 ,!SE SAME VALUES APPE> 9 IMMEMORIAL 'RI<TS & CU/OMS'1 9 ! POLITICS ( DESIRE1 & 9 MOVEM5TS SU* AS TACTICAL M$IA4 

,GRE5 ,H]METICISM & ! ,LA/ ,POSSIBLE ,\TSIDE 

,FROM #bd ONW>DS1 ,BEY HAS BE5 9CREAS+LY 9T]E/$ 9 ECOLOGY AS ! SITE ( ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,HE HAS DEVELOP$ ! IDEA ( ',GRE5 ,H]METICISM' AS A POT5TIAL PHILOSOPHICAL MATRIX = ECOLOGY4 ,HE HAS ALSO WRITT5 A S]IES ( ECOLOGICALLY 9FLECT$ WORKS1 SU* AS ,RIV]PEOPLE & ,EC7O7LOGUES4 ,SU* WORKS COMB9E 9T5SE APPRECIATION = LOCAL ECOLOGICAL SITES ) ,BEY'S OLD] !MES ( MY/ICISM1 AUTONOMY1 DISALI5ATION1 ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 & ALT]NATIVE HI/ORY4 

,O!R REC5T WORKS HAVE A MORE PESSIMI/IC TONE4 ,9 ,ESCAPE FROM ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ! PRES5T FEELS AS IF HI/ORY HAS /OPP$1 & WE >E TRAPP$ 9 ! RU9S ( TIME4 ,9 ',S$UCTION ( ! ,CYB] ,ZOMBIES'1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT A DESP]ATE GLOBAL W> IS COM+1 BETWE5 GLOBAL CAPITAL & A WORLDFULL ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS4 ,! BE/ WE CAN HOPE IS ?AT IT BE A PEACEFUL W>1 LIKE ,SOREL'S ,G5]AL ,/RIKE4 ,BUT WE %\LD PREP>E = ! WOR/4 ,9 ANO!R PIECE1 ,BEY PR$ICTS ?AT ! SITUATION WILL BECOME V]Y UGLY :5 CAPITAL IS F9ALLY OPPOS$4 

,IF ONE F9DS ONESELF 9 A ZONE ( DEPLETION1 OR ,NO ,GO ,ZONE1 ONE'S PROSPECTS = AUTONOMY 9CREASE ) ! )DRAWAL ( P[] 9TO ! VIRTUAL4 ,SU* ZONES >E UNLIKELY TO BE ABLE TO ASS]T POLITICAL AUTONOMY4 ,H[EV]1 !RE >E POSSIBILITIES = FRE$OM 9 EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,TODAY1 SU* ZONES >E ALREADY VACUUMS ( CONTROL1 BUT MO/LY SUFF] 'NEGATIVE *AOS'4 ,TO BECOME EMANCIPATORY SITES1 !Y NE$ TO BE FILL$ ) 'POSITIVE *AOS'4 ,SU* POSSIBILITIES DEP5D ON AN APPROPRIATE MODEL ( ! ECONOMY & ! SOCIAL4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?IS MI<T OP]ATE AS A K9D ( BORD]LESS BRICOLAGE1 A 'MELANGE ( :ATEV] WORKS'4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS LIKELY TO BE L[-TE* & AD-HOC1 BUT 'MORE HUMAN ?AN GRE5'4 ,IT %\LD BE CON/RUCT$ TO RESI/ HI]>*Y ?R\< EA* P]SON'S WILL TO P[]4 ,FAILURE MAY BE ! LA/ REFUGE FROM ! ',CAPITALI/ HEAV5' ( SIMULATION4 ,ONE CAN AT LEA/ BE A BEAUTIFUL SPIRIT DOOM$ TO FAIL1 RA!R ?AN AN UGLY ONE4 

,9 P]IODS ( DEFEAT1 ! MO/ PRESS+ ISSUE IS SURVIVAL AS A TRACE OR REMNANT1 TO BE RECOV]$ LAT]4 ,FOLL[+ ! ,ANABAPTI/S AFT] !IR DEFEAT1 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT1 IF ! WORLD CANNOT BE SAV$ 7?R\< REVOLUTION71 AT LEA/ A 'SAV+ REMNANT' CAN )DRAW 9TO 9T5TIONAL COMMUNITIES BAS$ ON PLEASURE4 ,9 A POEM1 ',FAILURE AS ! ,LA/ ,POSSIBLE ,\TSIDE'1 ,BEY WRITES ( A FUTURE 9 :I* 5TIRE NATIONS >E 5CLOS$ AS 'LIT]AL G>BAGE DUMPS'1 BUT >E SECRETLY 9HABIT$ BY \TCA/S & BRICOLEURS4 ,EV5 9 ! D>KE/ DY/OPIA1 ,BEY CREATES HOPE ( AN \TSIDE1 AN AUTONOM\S ZONE4 

,:ATEV] SLIPS PA/ PANOPTICAL SURVEILLANCE1 P]HAPS BECAUSE IT SEEMS FUTILE1 BECOMES ! BASIS = ?IS ZONE4 ,9 ?IS POEM1 ,BEY APPEALS TO ! 'P>ADOXICAL PRODUCTIVITY ( ALL ?AT REFUSES TO BE COMPUT$1 ?AT :I* 0DOESN'T C\NT0'4 ,REBELS DISGUISE !MSELVES AS \TCA/S TO SLIP ?R\< ! CRACKS 9 ! ,EMPIRE4 ,9 ANO!R POEM1 ',H]M'1 HE 9CITES US TO LIVE LIKE ',!M'1 ! TRI-RACIAL ISOLATES1 AS 'REBELS AGA9/ PROGRESS'1 AS IF ) 'BAD G5ES'4 

,9 ONE POEM1 HE SUGGE/S ?AT1 IF \R PAGAN DEITIES HAVE GONE SIL5T1 WE %\LD DO ! SAME1 & )DRAW TO A MONA/IC OR DRUIDIC SITE4 ,HE ALSO REF]S 9 ?IS ]A TO '5D>K5M5T'1 OR REV]SAL ( ,5LI<T5M5T4 ,?IS IS ANO!R T]M = ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 ?IS TIME ASSOCIAT$ ) L[-TE*NOLOGY1 L[-M$IATION =MS ( LIFE - SU* AS1 9 ONE POEM1 'FLYFI%+ :ILE UND] ! ,9FLU5CE'4 ,WE CANNOT BECOME '9NOC5T' OR 'PRIMITIVE'1 BUT WE CAN /ILL 'FALL 9 LOVE ) ! BEAUTY ( ! ,E>? AS A SIGN ( DIV9ITY'4 ,RECOGNIZ+ ! >*ETYPE ( ',P]FECT ,NATURE' 9 ACTUAL NATURE MI<T BE AN ILLUSION4 ,BUT IT IS A NECESS>Y1 CREATIVE ]ROR4 ,IT CREATES POSSIBILITIES = ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 

,DISCUSSION ( ,T,A,Z 

,9 SOME WAYS1 IT IS UNSURPRIS+ ?AT ,BEY IS MORE PESSIMI/IC TODAY ?AN PREVI\SLY4 ,! IDEA ( ,T,A,Z SEEMS TO /EM FROM A P>TICUL> CONJUNCTURE4 ,BEY'S !ORY /EMS FROM ! FRAY+ ( ! WORLD-SY/EM 9 ! #a#i#hS & #a#i#iS4 ,AS CAPITAL )DREW FROM VA/ ZONES & ! ,=DI/ CONTROL-ME*ANISMS BROKE D[N1 >EAS FELL \T ( SY/EMIC CONTROL4 ,! /ATE COLLAPS$ 9 ,SOMALIA & ,AF<ANI/AN1 GANGS TOOK CONTROL ( *ANTY-T[NS1 SECESSIONI/ MOVEM5TS SEIZ$ CONTROL ( REGIONS4 ,ONLY A FEW ( !SE 7SU* AS ,*IAPAS7 BECAME AUTONOM\S ZONES ) EMANCIPATORY PROJECTS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! FRAY+ ( ! SY/EM PROVID$ HOPE = AUTONOMI/S & AN>*I/S WORLDWIDE4 

,?+S HAVE *ANG$ SOME:AT 9 ! #bS4 ,! SY/EM CONT9UES TO FRAY >\ND ! $GES1 ) 'BLACK HOLES' EM]G+ 9 ITS P[]-/RUCTURE4 ,BUT 9CREAS+LY !SE EM]G5T AUTONOM\S ZONES >E %UT D[N1 PREEMPT$1 OR MILIT>IZ$4 ,9T5SIFI$ CONTROL IS ELIM9AT+ OR %R9K+ ! SPACES ! SY/EM CANNOT SEE1 AT LEA/ )9 C\NTRIES LIKE ! ,U,K4 ,) ,G,I,S1 ,GOOGLE ,MAPS1 ,G,P,S SY/EMS1 P]SONALIZ$ LAWS & DATA M9+1 ! GAP BETWE5 MAP & T]RITORY IS GR[+ EV] N>R[]4 ,:AT IS MORE1 ! SY/EM IS REMODEL+ ! T]RITORY TO FIT ! MAP EV] MORE CLOSELY4 ,I W\LD SPECULATE ?AT ! /ATE HAS F\ND WAYS ( SEE+ ,T,A,ZS1 FIR/LY BY DEF9+ ANY?+ IT CANNOT PR$ICT AS A ?REAT1 & SECONDLY BY FOCUS+ ITS GAZE MORE CLOSELY ON EA* MICRO-ELEM5T ( SPACE & LIFE4 

,ANO!R POSSIBLE ISSUE ) ,T,A,Z IS ! APP>5T NECESSITY ( AN ADV]S>Y1 SO AS TO KEEP IT TEMPOR>Y4 ,9 E>LY PIECES 7LIKE ,T,A,Z & ',! ,CRIM9AL ,BEE'71 ,BEY T5DS T[>DS ! POSITION ?AT LAWS & OPPRESSION >E NECESS>Y1 TO PROVIDE A T>GET = REBELLION4 ,HE SEEMS TO AB&ON ?IS POSITION 9 HIS MORE REC5T WORK4 ,IS A P]MAN5T ,T,A,Z EV5 ?9KABLE8 ,I ?9K IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE TO HAVE A K9D ( SOCIETY 9 :I* PEAK EXP]I5CE IS ! ULTIMATE VALUE1 )\T REQUIR+ A REPRESSIVE REGIME AS A *ALL5GE TO OV]COME4 ,BUT IT C\LDN'T BE BAS$ ON CONFLICTUAL ACTION-SPACES ( ! K9D SE5 9 ACTIVISM4 ,! CLOSE/ ANALOG >E C]TA9 9DIG5\S GR\PS 9 :I* 9T]GR\P CONFLICT & 9T5SE RITUAL EXP]I5CES >E COMMON4 ,! UTOPIAN WORK ,BOLO',BOLO PROVIDES AN IMAGE ( SOME?+ AK9 TO A SOCIETY ( P]MAN5T ,T,A,ZS4 

,! IDEA ( FAILURE AS ! LA/ POSSIBLE \TSIDE S\NDS PESSIMI/IC COMP>$ TO ,BEY'S E>LI] WORK4 ,H[EV]1 ! EMPHASIS ON DISAPPE>ANCE IS CONT9U\S4 ,IF CAPITALISM CLAIMS TO BE A UNIT>Y WORLD1 YET EXCLUDES ZONES :I* CANNOT BE COMMODIFI$1 !N FAILURE & AUTONOMY GO TOGE!R4 ,KNI<T SUGGE/S ?AT ,BEY SPEAKS AS IF HIS G5]ATION W]E ! LA/ ONE ) A *ANCE AT REVOLUTION1 AS WELL AS AT OV]SEAS ADV5TURES4 

,! ,T,A,Z CONCEPT IS (T5 US$ TO 9T]PRET ASPECTS ( #a#i#iS C\NT]CULTURE1 P>TICUL>LY RAVES4 ,9 A VIDEO1 ,BEY LI/S AS EXAMPLES ( ,T,A,Z-LIKE PH5OM5A SU* EV5TS AS NEO-PAGAN FE/IVALS1 RA9B[ CAMPS1 'OP5 CONSPIRACIES' SU* AS ,QUE] ,NATION1 RAVES1 COLLABORATIVE >T EV5TS1 AN>*I/ COLLECTIVES1 9T5TIONAL COMMUNITIES1 SECRET SOCIETIES1 & EV5 DRUG DEAL+4 ,!SE GA!R+S ATTEMPT TO REALIZE 5JOYM5T1 OR 'PASSIONAL S]IES'1 9 EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,MANY GR\PS FAIL TO REALIZE ! DEP? ( !IR ?REAT TO ! SPECTACLE1 USE ! M$IA1 & 5D UP RECUP]AT$4 ,POLITICAL GR\PS HAVE MA9LY FAIL$ TO MA/] PLEASURE1 & LIFE/YLE GR\PS TO GRASP POLITICS4 

,B5JAM9 ,NOYS LI/S ,T,A,Z AS ONE ( A NUMB] ( REC5T APPROA*ES EMPHASIZ+ ! ROLE ( SPACE 9 LIB]ATION4 ,SIMON ,SELL>S REF]S TO ',RECLAIM ! ,/REETS' OCCUPATIONS1 RAVES1 & OCCASIONS :]E PROTE/]S OV]RUN POLICE1 AS 9/ANCES ( ,T,A,Z4 ,HE ALSO SURVEYS A LI/ ( ACADEMIC PIECES :I* REF] TO ,T,A,Z 9 RELATION TO !MES SU* AS POPUL> CULTURE1 ,CRITICAL ,MASS1 >EAS ( ,DEAF CULTURE DEF9$ BY SIGN LANGUAGE1 ,/ONEH5GE1 CAMP+1 HIP-HOP1 & V>I\S ,BLACK1 WOM5'S1 & GAY_/QUE] SPACES4 ,WILLIAMS USES A SIMIL> EXAMPLE ( ! ,F>E ,DODG]S' ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT1 :O HELD P>TIES ON ,LONDON ,UND]GR\ND /ATIONS TO PROTE/ & SUBV]T F>E RISES4 ,JEFF ,%ANTZ SEES ,BEY'S WORK AS AN 9SPIRATION = ! =MATION ( AN>*I/ SOCIAL C5T]S 9 #a#i#iS ,AM]ICA4 ,SELL>S SUGGE/S ?AT ! IDEA ( ,T,A,Z BECAME WIDESPREAD1 BUT )\T A DEF9ITE MEAN+4 ,IT HAD G5]AL CONNOTATIONS ( AN>*Y & FRE$OM1 BUT WAS NOT ALWAYS UND]/OOD 9 ,BEY'S S5SE4 ,?IS L$ TO CRITICISMS1 SU* AS ,Z]ZAN'S DEPICTION ( ! T]M AS 'HIP PO/UR+'4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,GE]T ,LOV9K HAS OBS]V$ ?AT ,T,A,Z IS TAK5 \T ( ITS POLITICAL & CULTURAL CONTEXT 9 RECUP]AT$ =MS ( CYB]CULTURE4 

,WILLIAMS SUGGE/S ?AT ,T,A,Z1 & SOME ( ,BEY'S O!R CONCEPTS1 T5D TO BE 'EMPTY SIGNIFI]S'3 ,!Y HAVE SO MANY MEAN+S & USES ?AT !Y LACK A DEF9ITE MEAN+4 ,HE ALSO DRAWS ! CONCLUSION FROM ,BEY ?AT FULFILLM5T NEV] COMES1 ?AT A LITTLE 5LI<T5M5T IS BETT] ?AN NONE4 ,HE >GUES ?AT ,BEY ULTIMATELY >RIVES AT ! CONCLUSION ?AT AN>*ISM IS UNATTA9ABLE4 ,9/EAD1 HE SEEKS TO MAKE ! CURR5T WORLD A BIT MORE AN>*I/4 ,H[EV]1 ,I'D SUGGE/ ?AT !RE'S A CORE QUALITATIVE REF]5CE TO 9T5SITY & DISALI5ATION :I* PROVIDES A CORE ( MEAN+ TO SU* CONCEPTS4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,BEY IS SOMETIMES /RATEGICALLY PESSIMI/IC4 ,HE IS NOT CONFID5T ?AT WE CAN REA* EMANCIPATION FROM ! /RATEGIC OPTIONS AVAILABLE TODAY4 ,H[EV]1 HE HAS A CLE> TRANS=MATIVE P]SPECTIVE 9 :I* ! ULTIMATE GOAL IS A SOCIETY 9TEGRAT$ BY PASSION1 OP]AT+ AS SOME?+ LIKE A P]MAN5T ,T,A,Z4 ,5LI<T5M5T IS NOT AN ABS5T GOAL :I* NEV] COMES4 ,5LI<T5M5T MEANS ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS1 :I* IS A LIV$ ALT]NATIVE4 

,BEY DOES NOT SIMPLY TRY TO MAKE ! WORLD A BIT BETT]4 ,HE HAS AN ANTAGONI/IC ORI5TATION TO A DOM9ANT SY/EM1 CONCEIV$ AS A 'TOTALITY' OR ,SPECTACLE4 ,F> FROM BECOM+ MORE PESSIMI/IC ) TIME1 ,BEY BECOMES MORE REVOLUTION>Y AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( 'COMMUNISM'4 ,HE FEELS A NE$ = UNCOMPROMIS+ OPPOSITION TO A SY/EM :I* ACCEPTS ONLY FULL CAPITULATION4 ,ON ?IS QUE/ION1 ,I BELIEVE ,BEY IS RI<T1 & ,WILLIAMS IS WRONG4 ,! ,GRAMSCIAN /RATEGY ( FI<T+ 9 ! 'TR5*ES & FIELDWORKS' ( A COMPLEX SOCIETY IS 9CREAS+LY 9EFFECTIVE 9 A 'JO9$-UP'1 HI<-SPE$1 L[-TOL]ANCE =M ( CAPITALISM4 ,! SY/EM'S DEM& = TOTAL CAPITULATION MAKES IT IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE ! WORLD A BIT BETT] - ESPECIALLY FROM A /&PO9T 9SIDE IT4 ,TODAY1 EV5 ! MO/ RE=MI/ DEM&S SEEM TO REQUIRE A NE>-REVOLUTION TO SUCCE$4 ,?OSE :O GIVE UP ON REVOLUTION1 & USE !IR 9CLUD$ POSITION TO SEEK SMALL RE=MS1 WILL HAVE TO SETTLE = LESS & LESS4 

,DESPITE ALL ! *ANGES S9CE #a#i#i#a1 ,T,A,ZS /ILL EXI/4 ,! ,Z,A,D 9 ,FRANCE IS AN >*ETYPAL ,T,A,Z4 ,!RE >E ALSO %ADES ( ! ,T,A,Z 9 ,TAHRIR ,SQU>E1 ,GEZI ,P>K & ,OCCUPY1 ?\< !Y >E ORI5T$ TO VISIBILITY RA!R ?AN 9VISIBILITY4 ,SOCIAL MOVEM5T-CONTROLL$ SPACES 9 AUTONOM\S COMMUNITIES 9 ,V5EZUELA1 ,BRAZIL1 ,BOLIVIA1 ,S\? ,AFRICA & SO ON >E >GUABLY A V>IETY ( ,T,A,Z4 ,AU?ORS SU* AS ,GRAEB] >GUE ?AT AUTONOM\S ZONES CONT9UE TO EXI/ 9VISIBLY 9 >EAS SU* AS RURAL ,MADAGASC>4 ,! MO/ EFFECTIVE ,T,A,Z'S1 ALMO/ BY DEF9ITION1 WILL BE 9VISIBLE TO US1 TOO4 ,YET ! REGULATION ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 & ! EXT5SION ( SURVEILLANCE & REPRESSION TO PO/-,T,A,Z SPACES1 >E R5D]+ IT H>D] TO ALT]NATE ,T,A,Z ) ORD9>Y LIFE4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 CREATES A NE$ = SOME?+ MORE P]MAN5T4 ,>GUABLY1 ! POSSIBILITY ( ,T,A,Z RELIES ON ! SEMI-P]MAN5CE ( EV]YDAY PRACTICES ( RESI/ANCE1 SU* AS SQUATT+1 C\NT]CULTURAL EV5TS1 FE/IVAL CIRCUITS & SO ON4 ,IF ! EV]YDAY IS TOO REGULAT$1 IT BECOMES H>D] TO C>VE A ,T,A,Z FROM ! EV]YDAY4 

,!RE >E /RANGE E*OES BETWE5 ,BEY'S ,MILL5NIUM - ! SY/EM V]SUS ANY?+ ?AT CANNOT BE 5GLOB$ - & ! LIB]AL IDEA ( ',JIHAD VS ,MC,WORLD' 7EXCEPT 9 ! LATT] CASE1 ! DOM9ANT SY/EM IS VALU$74 ,! MA9 DIFF]5CE IS ?AT ,BEY CONCEIVES OPPOSITION MA9LY 9 T]MS ( AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS EXPRESS+ P[]FUL AFFIRMATIVE PASSIONS4 ,9 ',JIHAD ,REVISIT$'1 ,BEY REJECTS ! IDEA ( ANY SIMIL>ITY BETWE5 HIS DREAM ( A NEO-,SUFI ,ISLAMIC ,ZAPATISMO & ! RISE ( ',ISLAMISM'4 ,BEY HAS LITTLE SYMPA?Y = ! ANTI-FUN1 ANTI-,SUFI OR?ODOXY ( GR\PS LIKE ! ,TALIBAN & AL-,QA$A4 ,HE SEES IT AS A 'SIMULATION'1 A FALSE CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ,SPECTACLE & A SELF-DEF9$ 5]GY :I* IS NOT REALLY ANTI-SY/EMIC4 ,?IS LEADS TO A FAKE CONFLICT BETWE5 'DEMOCRACY'1 MEAN+ COCA-COLONIZATION1 & ',ISLAM'1 TAK5 TO MEAN 'EMOTIONAL PLAGUE' 7,REI*'S T]M = PSY*OLOGICAL REPRESSION74 ',ISLAMISM' CANNOT NEGATE ,EMPIRE BECAUSE IT IS ITSELF BAS$ ON NEGATION & RES5TM5T4 ,9 A LAT] 9T]VIEW1 ,BEY SUGGE/S !IR LIMIT IS %[N BY !IR LACK ( A CRITIQUE ( CAPITAL1 & AN ECONOMIC MODEL HE CONSID]S FASCI/IC4 ,SU* GR\PS >E ONLY ABLE TO GA9 POPUL> SUPPORT 9 C\NTRIES LIKE ,AF<ANI/AN - ) A RI* TRADITION ( EV]YDAY 5JOYM5T - AS A LESS] EVIL 9 A CONTEXT ( ABSOLUTE DE/RUCTION4 

,BEY H]E ATTEMPTS TO GRAPPLE ) :AT ,I ELSE:]E DISCUSS AS 'REACTIVE NETWORKS'4 ,REACTIVE NETWORKS LEAD TO A C]TA9 AMBIGUITY1 BECAUSE !Y CLE>LY CREATE AUTONOM\S ZONES 7RELATIVE TO CAPITAL71 BUT !SE ZONES DO NOT 9C>NATE ! AFFECTS ,BEY SEEKS4 ,9DE$1 ! PROLIF]AT+ REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITIONS ( ANY?+ ?AT CANNOT BE 9CORPORAT$ >E EXPRESS$ JU/ AS MU* 9 REACTIVE MOVEM5TS 7E4G4 ,I,S,I,S1 ,BOKO ,H>AM1 ,MUNGIKI1 GANGS ( V>I\S K9DS7 AS 9 AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS4 ,?IS COMPLICATES ! PICTURE ( 'SY/EM VS AUTONOM\S P>TICUL>ITIES' CONSID]ABLY4 ,AN>*ISM & O!R RADICAL POSITIONS 7,M>XISM1 PACIFISM1 FEM9ISM1 ETC7 SEEM TO BE BACK 9 ! POSITION ( A '?IRD'1 BUT 9 A CONTEXT :]E ! SY/EM /ILL DEF9ES ITSELF AS ! ONE WORLD & TREATS DIFF]5CE AS 5MITY4 

,ANO!R POSSIBLE DIFFICULTY ) ,T,A,Z IS ?AT IT ID5TIFIES EXCESS ) ABUNDANCE4 ,?IS IS A /RATEGIC RESPONSE TO SC>CITY-BAS$ DYNAMICS1 BUT CREATES DIFFICULTIES 9 ! CURR5T CONTEXT4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE TO BE P>ALYZ$ BY EXCESS1 AS WELL AS BY LACK8 ,B]>DI CLAIMS SO1 & SUGGE/S ?AT CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM HAS RECUP]AT$ #a#i#fS-WAVE REVOLT 9 ?IS WAY4 ,PEOPLE >E N[ EXPOS$ TO ATT5TIVE /RESS DUE TO AN EXCESS ( 9=MATION & /IMULATION4 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN !RAPI/ ,LEWIS ,MEHL-,MADRONA MAKES SIMIL> CLAIMS4 ,HE SUGGE/S ?AT1 )\T =MS ( MEAN+ TO PROVIDE PURPOSE1 *AOS IS P>ALYZ+ & ANXIETY-9DUC+4 

,H[EV]1 SU* CRITIQUES DO NOT S]I\SLY PROBLEMATIZE ,BEY'S >GUM5T4 ,BEY IS NOT SAY+ ?AT WE %\LD DO )\T EXI/5TIAL ATTA*M5TS OR MEAN+S4 ,HE IS SAY+ ?AT MEAN+S >E ROOT$ 9 DESIRE1 :I* IS ACC5TUAT$ 9 ALT]$ /ATES ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! T5U\S CON/RUCTION ( P]SONAL MEAN+S MAY BE ! LA/ /RUCTUR+ =CE POSSIBLE 9 A WORLD ( 9=MATION OV]LOAD4 ,9 ANY CASE1 9T5SITY CAN BE EXP]I5C$ AS EUPHORIC RA!R ?AN OV]:ELM+1 GIV5 C]TA9 CONDITIONS4 ,MU* ( ,BEY'S !ORY SEEMS DESIGN$ TO PRODUCE !SE CONDITIONS4 ,BEY ALSO OBS]VES ?AT 9=MATION EXCESS CAN LEAD TO D>KNESS RA!R ?AN 5LI<T5M5T - A 'LITE AGE' 9 ,BEY'S T]MS4 ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT ! EXCESS IS ITSELF M$IAT$ & DE-9T5SIFI$4 

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,/RATEGIES ( ,RESI/ANCE 
,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,/RATEGIES ( ,RESI/ANCE 

,HAKIM ,BEY'S G5]AL /RATEGIC P]SPECTIVES1 SU* AS ! ,T,A,Z1 >E COMPLEM5T$ BY A RANGE ( TACTICAL PROPOSALS = POLITICAL ACTION4 ,9 ?IS ESSAY1 ,I WILL EXPLORE ! /RATEGIC UND]P9N+S = ,BEY'S POLITICAL PROPOSALS1 & WILL EXAM9E HIS FOCUS ON RESI/+ RECUP]ATION1 HIS EMPHASIS ON 0EMPIRICAL FRE$OMS0 AS MEANS TO LIB]ATION1 & HIS !ORY ( IMM$IATISM4 

,BEY'S /RATEGIC APPROA* 

,!RE IS A TRANS=MATIVE /RATEGY AT WORK 9 ,BEY'S !ORIES1 :I* /EMS LOGICALLY FROM HIS ONTOLOGY & HIS VIEW ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM4 ,HE FAVORS A RANGE ( TACTICS :I* PRODUCE ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS & PEAK EXP]I5CES4 ,9 HIS !ORY1 PEAK EXP]I5CES PROVIDE A MEANS TO TRANS=M VALUES4 ,!Y >E ALSO A *ALL5GE TO ! ,SPECTACLE1 :I* IS UNABLE TO PROVIDE !M4 

,?IS /RATEGY IS BAS$ ON ,BEY'S ONTOLOGY ( *AOS4 ,HIS APPROA* IS DRIV5 BY ! 'DESIRE = DESIRE1 = ,]OS SON ( ,*AOS'4 ,NO IDEOLOGY OR NORMATIVITY IS ADEQUATE TODAY4 ,AN ADEQUATE E?ICS MU/ BE SITUATIONAL4 ,PEAK EXP]I5CE IS P>T ( ?IS4 ,H[EV]1 PEAK EXP]I5CE IS NOT A GOAL 9 ITSELF4 ,T,A,Z IS NOT PURELY H$ONI/IC1 BUT 9SURRECTION>Y 9 9T5T - SEEK+ TO 9FECT OR BECOME ! 'SOCIAL'4 ,EXP]I5CES SU* AS ?OSE ( A ,T,A,Z CAN S]VE AS ! MATRIX = A ,SORELIAN MY? ( UPRIS+4 7,9 ,SOREL1 A MY? IS A MOBILIZ+ IDEA :I* 9SPIRES ACTION1 REG>DLESS ( ITS TRU?74 ,! PO9T IS TO PROVIDE ! HOPE1 ! MORALE1 NECESS>Y = TRANS=MATIVE /RUGGLE & P]SONAL 5JOYM5T4 ',:E!R OR NOT Y\ BELIEVE Y\'RE GO+ TO SAVE ! WORLD1 Y\ HAVE TO ACT LIKE Y\ BELIEVE IT OR Y\R LIFE WILL BE CRAP'4 

,*AOS IS ONTOLOGICALLY PRIM>Y4 ,!RE=E1 EV]Y SOCIAL ORD] IS ULTIMATELY ILLUSORY4 ,IT IS MADE REAL ONLY BY CO]CION4 ,EV5 SO1 FI<T+ ! SY/EM'S AG5TS IS LESS IMPORTANT ?AN BREAK+ D[N ! SELF-ALI5ATION :I* UND]P9S IT4 ,!RE IS A DANG] ?AT FI<T+ ! /ATE HELPS SU/A9 IT AS AN EFFECTIVE ILLUSION4 

,?IS LEADS SOME ( ,BEY'S CRITICS & SUPPORT]S TO 9T]PRET HIM AS OPPOS+ SOCIAL /RUGGLE4 ,DESPITE !SE CONC]NS1 !RE IS A RECURR+ ORI5TATION TO 9SURRECTION1 OR ! ',UPRIS+'1 9 HIS WORK4 ,! ',UPRIS+' IS A MOM5T1 LIKE ,SOREL'S ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 :5 ! ,T,A,Z COMES TO 5COMPASS ALL ( SOCIAL LIFE1 & BECOMES P]MAN5T4 

,BEY 9SI/S ON ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS AGA9/ CONS5SUS REALITY4 ,BUT IT IS NOT NECESS>ILY A R>E OCCURR5CE4 ,ESOT]IC1 MY/ICAL & MAGICAL =CES >E F\ND 9 UNUSUAL1 EV]YDAY PLACES4 ,ICE-CREAM1 = 9/ANCE1 IS A MY/ICAL MIXTURE ( ICE1 FIRE1 OCEAN & SPACE1 HOLD+ NATURAL APPEAL = *ILDR54 ,IT HAS ITS ORIG9S 9 ,P]SIAN H]METICISM & ! DISCOV]Y ( ROCK-SALT4 

,RESI/+ ,RECUP]ATION - ,EXODUS NOT ,REVOLUTION 

,RESI/+ RECUP]ATION IS A C5TRAL ASPECT ( ,BEY'S /RATEGY4 ,! ,SPECTACLE IS A TRAP = REVOLT1 BECAUSE REBELLION CAN ALSO BE TURN$ 9TO AN IMAGE OR A PRODUCT4 ,PEOPLE >E FAIL+ TO CREATE AN \TSIDE BECAUSE !Y >E TOO GLU$ TO1 OR HYPNOTIZ$ BY1 TELEVISIONS & COMPUT]S4 ,VISIBLE MILITANCY CAN BECOME AN IMAGE ( ITSELF & BE RECUP]AT$ BY ! M$IA4 

,IF M$IATION IS ! MA9 5EMY1 ! SY/EM'S MA9 MEANS ( CONTROL1 !N EFFECTIVE RESI/ANCE TAKES ! =M ( DISAPPE>ANCE1 DIS5GAGEM5T1 IMM$IACY 79/EAD ( M$IATION7 & PRES5CE 79/EAD ( REPRES5TATION74 ,REFUSAL TO BE M$IAT$1 OR TO 5GAGE ) ! ,SPECTACLE1 CREATES SPACES :I* >E \TSIDE ! SY/EM4 ,:ILE ,BEY ALSO >GUES P]IODICALLY = SABOTAGE1 REAPPROPRIATION1 & TACTICAL USE ( ! M$IA1 REFUSAL SEEMS TO BE ! PRIVILEG$ TACTIC4 ,HIS TACTICS >E SIMIL> TO ! TACTICS ( DET\RNEM5T US$ BY ,SITUATIONI/S4 ,9 AN 9T]VIEW1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT A /RATEGY IRRECUP]ABLE BY ! SY/EM HAS TO 9VOLVE ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS OR PEAK EXP]I5CE IS IRRECUP]ABLE BECAUSE IT CANNOT BE REPRES5T$1 OR R$UC$ TO M$IAT$ =MS4 

,/RATEGICALLY1 ,BEY OPPOSES A HEAD-ON COLLISION ) ! /ATE = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 HE ?9KS IT IS FUTILE4 ,SECONDLY1 HE ?9KS ! /ATE IS 'T]M9AL'1 OR DY+ ( ITS [N ACCORD4 ,! SY/EM IS VIOL5TLY SPASM+ 9 ITS DEA? ?ROES4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 !RE IS NO PO9T CONFRONT+ A P[]-SY/EM :I* HAS LO/ ALL MEAN+ & IS JU/ A SIMULATION4 ,! BE/ TACTIC IS TO AVOID ?IS SPECTACUL> VIOL5CE :I* CANNOT REA* ! SUB/ANCE ( SOCIAL LIFE1 9/EAD DISAPPE>+4 

,9SURRECTION & >M$ ACTION >E TRAGICALLY C\NT]PRODUCTIVE1 BECAUSE !Y >E RECUP]AT$ BY ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,ALSO1 RADICAL ACTION OR ORGANIZ+ %\LD NOT BE A SACRIFICE1 BUT SELF-LIB]ATION ) IMM$IATE PSY*OLOGICAL REW>D4 ,/RUGGLES AGA9/ ! SY/EM RISK RECUP]ATION4 ,AS AN ALT]NATIVE1 ,BEY PROPOSES P]SONAL & CULTURAL ACTIONS4 ,HIS ALT]NATIVE IS TO LIVE AS IF ! /RUGGLE W]E ALREADY WON1 TO REALIZE ALT]NATIVES IMM$IATELY1 9 ! PRES5T4 ,HE DISC\RAGES PURELY DE/RUCTIVE ACTS 7)\T A CON/RUCTIVE ELEM5T71 & DIRECT ATTACKS ON PEOPLE4 ,9/EAD1 HE DEF9ES ! TASK ( RADICALS AS F9D+ CRACKS 9 ! SY/EM'S P[] & IMAGES1 *IPP+ AWAY AT ! ,SPECTACLE & ITS 9FLU5CE4 ,) 5\< SUCCESS1 SU* TACTICS MI<T CAUSE ! SY/EM TO LOSE ITS COH]5CE & ASSURANCE1 & ?US ALSO ITS P[]4 

,>M$ ATTACKS >E 'TRAGICALLY C\NT]PRODUCTIVE'4 ,:AT C\NTS TODAY IS P]SONAL_/CULTURAL ACTION & 'BE>+ WITNESS'4 ,ATTACKS LIKE #i_/#a#a >E 'AUTOMATICALLY RECUP]ABLE' & ALWAYS PRODUCE ! OPPOSITE ( !IR 9T5D$ EFFECT1 BECAUSE !Y >E 9CORPORAT$ 9 ! SY/EM'S 9T]NAL IMAGE ( ! 5EMY4 ,ON ANO!R OCCASION1 ,BEY REPORT$LY EXPRESS$ DISAPPROVAL ( ! MASS MURD]S1 BUT CALL$ #i_/#a#a A 'BRILLIANT PIECE ( >TWORK' FALL+ 9TO ! BROAD CATEGORY ( 'BAD %AMANISM' :I* UND]P9S REACTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 

,BEY FEELS !RE IS AN OBLIGATION TO FEEL JOY1 & NOT PO/PONE IT UNTIL ! FUTURE OR ! AFT]LIFE4 ,FEEL+ JOY IS NECESS>Y BO? TO DO JU/ICE TO ONESELF1 & TO DEAL FAIRLY_/BEAUTIFULLY ) O!RS4 ,BEY SEEKS TO TAP ! 5]GY ( 9SURRECTION1 )\T RISK+ M>TYRDOM OR CAPTURE BY ! IMAGE4 ,9SURRECTION MU/ RELATE TO ! M$IA TODAY AS IT US$ TO RELATE 79 ,BEY'S HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES7 TO RELIGION AS H]ESY4 ,IT IS EFFECTIVELY A H]ESY AGA9/ ! ,SPECTACLE4 

,RESI/ANCE TO ! ,SPECTACLE OCCURS MA9LY ?R\< IMAGES & IMAG9>IES4 ,SIMPLY BE+ CONSCI\S ( ! ,SPECTACLE1 SAM5ESS1 & ALI5ATION CANNOT OV]COME !M4 ,RA!R1 OPPOSITION NE$S 'C\NT]-IMAG]Y' & A K9D ( SPIRITUALITY OR M>VEL4 ,9 ,MILL5NIUM1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT !RE IS A LACK ( AN 9SPIR+ 'MY?' OR 'METANOIA'1 A FOCAL PO9T = DISSID5T 5]GIES1 BO? 9 ABOVE-GR\ND RADICAL MOVEM5TS & 9 C\NT]CULTURES & UND]GR\ND GR\PS4 ,! PRES5T TASK AS HE SEES IT IS TO BUILD AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T \T ( ! REMA9+ FRAGM5TS ( RADICAL MOVEM5TS4 

,9 L9E ) ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 ,BEY PROPOSES A RANGE ( DIFF]5T TACTICS1 ! GOAL ( :I* IS TO FREE DESIRE FROM A /ATE ( CAPTURE OR BONDAGE TO ! SY/EM4 ,EV]YDAY LIFE IS ! MA9 FIELD = 9SURRECTION>Y SELF-EMP[]M5T AGA9/ ! SY/EM4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT EV]YONE KN[S :AT IS GO+ ON & :AT TO DO1 PROVID$ S_/HE CAN BREAK FREE ( 'FALSE CONSCI\SNESS'1 ! ,SPECTACLE1 9T]PRETATION1 OR SC>CITY4 ,BEY CALLS = A TYPE ( RESI/ANCE :I* MELTS 9TO ! WID] RESI/ANCE ( ! EXCLUD$4 ,IT AVOIDS CONFRONTATION ON UNEQUAL T]MS1 BUT BREAKS D[N ! SY/EM'S MONOPOLY ON VIOL5CE4 ,IT OCCUPIES CRACKS 9 ! SY/EM ( CONTROL & REPRODUCES TE*NIQUES ( 9DIG5\S W>F>E4 

,VIEW$ AS A G5]AL /RATEGY1 ?IS IS NOT A /RATEGY ( RESI/ANCE AT ! LEVEL ( !ORY OR >T ALONE4 ,RA!R1 IT SEEKS DIS-ALI5ATION ?R\< ! /RATEGIC USE ( IMAGES1 CULM9AT+ 9 AN ALT]NATIVE CONSCI\SNESS GE>$ T[>DS ! ,UPRIS+4 ,H[EV]1 SOME ( ! TACTICS DO FOCUS ON !ORY OR >T4 ,BE=E ! WORLD CAN BE *ANG$1 WE NE$ TO DE/ROY ! DOM9ANT >*ETYPES1 ! 'COPS 9 ! HEAD'4 ,?IS IS ! ONLY PRACTICAL 9SURRECTION POSSIBLE TODAY4 

,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT IT MAY ALSO *ANGE ! L&SCAPE >\ND US4 ,AN 9SURRECTION AGA9/ FALSE CONSCI\SNESS WILL SWEEP AWAY ! P[]1 ! TE*NOLOGY1 ( OPPRESSION4 ,ATTACK+ P[] IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE BECAUSE IT IS NO LONG] '!RE' - IS IS PURE SPECTACLE4 ,! /ATE1 AS AN \T] 9/ITUTION1 IS 9CREAS+LY IRRELEVANT AS A FOCUS1 BECAUSE ( ! SPREAD ( VIRTUAL CAPITAL4 ,YET SPACES CANNOT BE NEUTRAL4 ,EI!R A ZONE IS P>T ( CAPITAL1 OR IT IS 9 OPPOSITION4 

,BEY'S POSITION LEADS TO C]TA9 G5]AL PROPOSITIONS4 ,9 ',PO/-,AN>*ISM ,AN>*Y'1 HE PROVIDES A N9E-PO9T MANIFE/O :I* 9CLUDES ',Z][ORK' OR ANTI-WORK1 OPPOS+ ! $UCATION SY/EM & ! 'S]FDOM ( *ILDR5'1 PROMOTION ( SEXUALITY1 & ADDRESS+ ! ISSUE ( L& 9 ! CONTEXT ( DE-SPATIALIZATION ( CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV]1 ,BEY ALSO CRITIQUES S+LE-ISSUE POLITICS AS PLAY+ 9TO ! COMMODIFICATION ( OP9IONS4 ,SPECIFIC OPPRESSIONS CANNOT BE SEP>AT$ \T FROM ! G5]AL PROBLEM ( ! SY/EM4 

,/RATEGIES & ,CONTEXTS 

,9 SOME WAYS1 ?IS IS A CONSCI\SLY ANTI-/RATEGIC /RATEGY4 ,POLITICALLY1 ,BEY CRITICIZES ! IDEA ( REVOLUTION AS A GOAL1 9/EAD VALU+ 9SURG5CE1 UPRIS+1 OR 9SURRECTION AS AN 9N] PROCESS ( REJECT+ P[]4 ,!RE IS NO OV]>*+ PROGRAM = REVOLUTION4 ,WOR?:ILE /RUGGLES >E ALWAYS = 'EMPIRICAL FRE$OMS'1 RA!R ?AN IDEOLOGY4 ',/RATEGIC AUTONOMY IS MADE UP ( TACTICAL 9CREM5TAL EMPIRICAL FRE$OMS NOT IDEOLOGY'4 ,HE !ORIZES UPRIS+S AS AN EQUIVAL5T AT ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T SCALE ( PEAK EXP]I5CES AT ! 9DIVIDUAL LEVEL4 ,! AIM IS TO GET \TSIDE M$IATION BY CREAT+ DIFF]5T WAYS ( BE+4 

,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 ! ,T,A,Z IS NOT ONLY A TACTIC1 IT IS ALSO A 'PSY*OSPIRITUAL /ATE' OR 'EXI/5TIAL CONDITION'4 ,! PHYSICAL ,T,A,Z IS A WAY TO SAMPLE ?IS /ATE ( BE+4 ,IT IS A WAY TO CREATE A PSY*OLOGICAL & POLITICAL '\TSIDE' - FROM :I* RESI/ANCE CAN HAPP54 ,SOMETIMES ! 9SURRECTION ITSELF IS A ZONE ( FRE$OM1 REG>DLESS ( :E!R IT IS SUCCESSFUL4 ,ITS TEMPOR>Y NATURE CAN BE A VIRTUE4 ,! PROCESS ( REVOLT IS >GUABLY PREF]ABLE TO ! SLEEP9ESS ( A REALIZ$ SOCIAL =M4 

,9 A S5SE1 EV5 DROPP+ OR RE=M+ REPRESSIVE RULES IS UNNECESS>Y1 S9CE RULES & ! MORALITY ( ! H]D >E !RE TO BE OV]COME4 ,!Y >E SOME?+ TO PROVE & MEASURE ONESELF AGA9/4 ,BEY'S MA9 PO9T H]E IS ?AT ONE %\LD BREAK ! RULES1 9/EAD ( TRY+ TO RE=M !M4 ,! IMP]ATIVE TO RESI/ DOES NOT DISAPPE> EV5 9 MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS4 ,IF REBELLION IS NOT POSSIBLE1 !N ,BEY ADVISES :AT HE CALLS A 'CL&E/9E SPIRITUAL JIHAD'1 OR /RUGGLE TO DISALI5ATE LIFE & CULTURE4 

,BEY'S /RATEGIES V>Y GREATLY ) CONTEXT4 ,EA* SITUATION HAS A P>TICUL> /RATEGIC /RUCTURE & NE$S TO BE APPROA*$ SITUATIONALLY TO F9D S\RCES ( P[]4 ',SITUATION' H]E SEEMS TO MEAN SOME?+ LIKE A SOCIAL /RUCTURE OR OPPORTUNITY /RUCTURE 9 RELATION TO :I* /RATEGIES & TACTICS >E =MULAT$ TO CREATE AUTONOMY OR CONDITIONS = ITS EM]G5CE4 ,9 HIS E>LY WORK1 ,BEY COCNEIV$ ( ,T,A,Z 9 ,DELEUZIAN MOLECUL> T]MS1 AS A TACTIC US$ AS P>T ( A WORLDVIEW DI/RU/FUL ( /RATEGY4 ,9 HIS LAT] WORK1 FAC$ ) ! TOTALIZ+ EFFECTS ( ! PO/-,COLD ,W> '5D ( HI/ORY'1 HE SUGGE/S ?AT HE'S N[ =C$ 9TO TRY+ TO =MULATE A /RATEGIC POSITION1 )\T ! AU?ORIT>IAN IMPLICATIONS ( /RATEGY 7,9T]VIEW1 ,SAKHRA74 

,AT V>I\S PO9TS1 ,BEY ALSO CALLS = CREAT+ ALT]NATIVE ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS1 & = AN>*I/ 9VOLVEM5T 9 WID] SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! /RATEGIC POSITION ( ,T,A,Z *ANGES A LOT ?R\< ,BEY'S WRIT+S4 ,9 ! BOOK ,T,A,Z1 ,BEY WI%ES = ! ']UPTION ( ! M>VEL\S 9TO ! ORD9>Y'4 ,?IS MEANS SPIRITUALIZ+ EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,= ,BEY AT ?IS TIME1 SPIRITUALIZATION IS ! MO/ TUMULTU\S & URG5T POLITICAL DEM&4 ,9 ,IMM$IATISM1 ,BEY CLAIMS ?AT HE /AK$ & ULTIMATELY LO/ ON ?IS POSITION4 ,HE N[ SEEKS TO F9D HIDD5 TREASURE 9/EAD4 ,?IS LAT] POSITION SUGGE/S ?AT ! M>VEL\S IS CONTA9$ MA9LY 9 SECRETIVE SMALL GR\PS4 ,9 ',! ,OCCULT ,ASSAULT ON ,9/ITUTIONS'1 HE >GUES = A /RATEGY TO OPTIMIZE CONDITIONS = ,T,A,Z'S TO EM]GE4 

,!RE >E ?US MAJOR DIFF]5CES 9 ,BEY'S /RATEGIC P]SPECTIVE OV] TIME4 ,OV]ALL1 H[EV]1 HIS V>Y+ /RATEGIES & TACTICS PURSUE A CONSI/5T GOAL ( IMM$IACY1 9T5SITY1 & ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,9 ,ESCAPE FROM ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 HE >GUES ?AT CAPITAL IS BAS$ ON SAM5ESS & SEP>ATION4 ,! ANTIDOTES >E !RE=E DIFF]5CE & PRES5CE4 ,9 AN 9T]VIEW1 HE C\NT]POSES 'REAL IMMAN5CE' TO ! 'FALSE TRANSC5D5CE' (F]$ BY ! ,SPECTACLE4 

,9 ',PO/-,AN>*ISM ,AN>*Y'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT AN>*ISM IS CAU<T BETWE5 A TRAGIC ,PA/ & A UTOPIAN ,FUTURE1 BUT IT NE$S TO F9D A PRES5T 9 'TRUE DESIRES' & ?+S WE CAN DO 'BE=E IT'S TOO LATE'4 ,IT />TS FROM ! QUE/ION1 ',:AT IS Y\R ,TRUE ,DESIRE8' ,A FIR/ /EP 9 'UTOPIA' IS ALWAYS TO LOOK 9 ! MIRROR & DEM& TO KN[ ONE'S TRUE DESIRE4 ,?IS REQUIRES AT LEA/ TEMPOR>ILY OV]COM+ ANXIETY1 OR FE> ( ONE'S %AD[4 

,9 SOME WORKS1 ,BEY R$EF9ES ! ,ISLAMIC CONCEPT ( JIHAD 9 T]MS ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALI5ATION4 ,! GREAT] JIHAD IS ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! SEP>AT$ SELF & ! SUFFOCATION ( ! TRUE SELF4 ,! LESS] JIHAD IS ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,9 ',JIHAD ,REVISIT$'1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT HE WAS HOP+ = A K9D ( ',ISLAMIC ,ZAPATISMO' :5 HE WROTE ,MILL5NIUM1 POSSIBLY D]IV$ FROM NEO-,SUFISM4 ,?IS JIHAD HE IMAG9$ HAS NOT COME TO PASS & IT IS 'PROBABLY TOO LATE'4 

,IMM$IATISM3 ,TACTICAL ,RESI/ANCE TO ,M$IATION 

,BEY SEES M$IATION AS A C5TRAL ASPECT OR CAUSE ( ALI5ATION4 ,ALL EXP]I5CE IS M$IAT$1 BUT M$IATION DIFF]S 9 DEGREE4 ,EMBODI$ EXP]I5CES >E ! LEA/ M$IAT$4 ,C]TA9 S5SORY EXP]I5CES - SU* AS TA/E1 T\*1 & SEXUAL PLEASURE - >E LESS M$IAT$ ?AN O!RS4 ,LIVE OR P]=MANCE >TS >E LESS M$IAT$ ?AN RECORD$ >TS4 ,EV5 AMONG RECORD$ >TS1 !RE >E DEGREES ( M$IATION DEP5D+ ON H[ MU* IMAG9ATIVE P>TICIPATION EA* WORK DEM&S4 ,:5 HE>]S OR READ]S PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE 9 IMAG9ATION OR DREAM+1 !RE IS LESS M$IATION4 

,BOOKS DRAW ON ! READ]'S IMAG9ATION1 BUT 9VOLVE A HI]>*ICAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 PRODUC] & CONSUM]4 ,SPIRIT-POSSESSION IS LESS M$IAT$ ?AN !AT]1 :I* IS LESS M$IAT$ ?AN FILM1 & TELEVISION IS ESPECIALLY M$IAT$ & 9 NE$ ( OV]COM+4 ,H[EV]1 ! PO9T IS NOT TO DO AWAY ) ANY MEANS ( >TI/IC PRODUCTION4 ,! MORE IMAG9ATION IS FRE$ OR %>$1 ! MORE USEFUL ! M$IUM4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 M$IATION IS A CONT9UUM1 RANG+ FROM ! B>ELY-M$IAT$ TO ! EXTREMELY M$IAT$1 ) MANY %ADES 9 BETWE54 

,! IDEA ( M$IATION IS C5TRAL TO ,BEY'S ANALYSIS ( >T4 ,CAPITALISM PROPELS >T T[>DS 9CREAS+ M$IATION1 & RECUP]ATES >T 9CREAS+LY RAPIDLY TODAY4 ,AU!NTIC >T IS PLAY4 ,PLAY IS ONE ( ! LEA/ M$IAT$ EXP]I5CES4 ,BEY SEEMS TO CONNECT >TI/IC CREATIVITY ) PEAK EXP]I5CE4 ,IMM$IATISM IS A MEANS ( CREATIVE1 LIB]ATORY & PLAYFUL 5]GY-PRODUCTION1 )\T ALI5ATION OR M$IATION4 ,TODAY'S >T & ADV]TIS+ PROMOTE 5DLESS IMAGES ( DEA? & MUTILATION4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 IMAGES ( LIFE >E SOMETIMES PUNI%$4 ,BEY >GUES ?AT >T CANNOT EXI/ = ITSELF4 ,>T FUNCTIONS AS POLITICAL P[]1 A WAY ( EXPRESS+ OR *ANG+ ! WORLD4 ,EV5 IF !RE IS SU* A ?+ AS >T )\T POLITICAL CONT5T1 IT W\LD /ILL BE POLITICAL 9 ITS MEANS ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,IMM$IATI/ >T EXPRESSES ITS RADICALISM 9 ITS MEANS ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,IT IS KEPT )9 A SMALL GR\P ( FRI5DS & IDEALLY LEAVES NO TRACE AT ALL1 EXCEPT SELF-TRANS=MATION4 

,9 ! #a#i#iS1 ,BEY !ORIZ$ DISAPPE>ANCE AS DESIRABLE1 TO AVOID RECUP]ATION4 ,DISAPPE>ANCE IS A WAY TO SAVE SOME?+ FROM DY+ ( M$IATION4 ,CAPITALISM HAS CREAT$ A K9D ( CLOSURE 9 :I* A S+LE IMAGE ( ! WORLD DOM9ATES4 ,O!R IMAGES CANNOT EM]GE BECAUSE ( ! HEGEMONY ( ?IS IMAGE4 ,?IS LEADS TO A DEAD PROCESS ( 5DLESS REPRODUCTION ( SAM5ESS4 ,ANY IMAGE :I* RUPTURES ?IS HEGEMONY W\LD HAVE TO COME FROM \TSIDE4 ,& IT W\LD HAVE TO BE ASS]T$ AS A K9D ( ',IMAGE ,W>'4 

,! '\TSIDE' H]E IS PRES5CE1 OR ! GIFT ECONOMY1 AS SOME?+ :I* CANNOT BE REPRES5T$4 ,9 ,RIV]PEOPLE1 ,WILSON CLAIMS ?AT PUBLICATION SOMETIMES 'PR(ANES' 7DIRTIES OR DESPIRITUALISES7 SECRET KN[L$GE :I* IS BETT] TRANSMITT$ 9 LESS-M$IAT$ =MS1 SU* AS MANUSCRIPT OR WORD-(-M\?4 ,!SE LESS-M$IAT$ =MS RETA9 A SMALL *ANCE ( 5*ANTM5T1 ( BECOM+ ',POETIC ,FACTS' ) TRU? 9 ! >*ETYPAL WORLD AS WELL AS ! REAL WORLD4 ,9 CONTRA/1 MASS-PUBLI%$ FACTS BECOME M]E DATA OR 9=MATION4 ,!Y LOSE ANY RELATION%IP TO ! IMAG9AL WORLD4 ,BEY ALSO CLAIMS ?AT 'SECRETS /ILL EXI/'4 ,SECRETS >E P[]FUL1 AGA9/ ! SY/EM'S CLAIMS TO SEE & REPRES5T EV]Y?+4 ,SECRECY IS C5TRAL TO ! TONG1 IMM$IATISM1 & ,BEY'S CONCEPTION ( 'TACT'4 

,9 ',M$IA ,CRE$ = ! ,F9 DE ,SIECLE'1 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT ! MASS M$IA ALI5ATES :ATEV] IT CAPTURES4 ,ONE CANNOT EXPRESS ONE'S TRUE SUBJECTIVITY 9 ! M$IA4 ,9/EAD1 :AT IS EXPRESS$ IS R5D]$ MEAN+LESS4 ,!RE=E1 HE CALLS = A REFUSAL TO LET ! M$IA POSSESS ONE'S IMAGE & EXTRACT 'VAMPIRIC P[]' FROM IT4 ,9/EAD1 ONE %\LD 9VE/ 5]GIES 9 9TIMATE OR SUBJECTIVE M$IA1 & EI!R EVADE OR DE/ROY MASS M$IA4 

,VIRTUAL REALITY FAIL$ BECAUSE HUMAN REACTION TIMES >E FA/] ?AN VISION4 ,V,R CAUS$ SICKNESS & ILLNESSES BY SEP>AT+ EMBODI$ & VISUAL EXP]I5CES4 ,9 ',! ,OBELISK'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT VOLUNT>Y SELF-RE/RA9T 9 RELATION TO ! WORLD ( REPRES5TATION & IMAGES CAN LEAD TO FL[S ( P[] TO ! AUTONOM\S IMAG9ATION4 ,! PO9T IS TO IMAG9E \RSELVES1 RA!R ?AN TO ALL[ \RSELVES TO BE IMAG9$ ?R\< WORDS OR IMAGES4 ,?+S :I* >E UNREPRES5T$ & UNSE5 - DELIB]ATELY OR =TUIT\SLY - T5D TO MA9TA9 !IR LIV$ MEAN+4 ,?IS 9 TURN CREATES OPTIMAL CONDITIONS = ! EM]G5CE ( ! 'M>VEL\S' 9 LIV$ EXP]I5CES 7OR ( ALT]$ CONSCI\SNESS74 

,9 ,IMM$IATISM1 ,BEY PROPOSES TO PRACTICE >T 9 SECRET1 SO AS TO AVOID 'CONTAM9ATION' BY M$IATION4 ,ALL SPECTATORS %\LD ALSO BE P]=M]S4 ,>TI/IC PRODUCTS %\LD BE %>$ ) P>TICIPANTS ONLY1 & NEV] SOLD4 ,TE*NIQUES 9VOLV+ PHYSICAL PRES5CE >E PREF]R$4 ,?IS PRACTICE IS FRAM$ AS A RESPONSE TO ALI5ATION & TO ! 'DEA? ( >T' DUE TO M$IATION4 

,>T %\LD BE CREAT$ FROM 9SPIRATION1 AS A FREE GIFT1 :I* MAY OR MAY NOT BE RECIPROCAT$4 ,TODAY1 9/EAD1 IT IS PRODUC$ = MONEY4 ,>T IS MEANT TO PROVIDE A K9D ( 'HEAL+ LAU<'1 :I* IS S]I\S1 BUT NOT SOB]4 ,IT IS TO BE A BOA/1 NOT AN EXCUSE4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT >T :I* IS NOT PRODUC$ ?R\< ALI5ATION IS TODAY CLASSIFI$ 9 T]MS SU* AS '9SANE' & 'NEO-PRIMITIVE'4 ,IT APPEALS BECAUSE ( ITS IMAG9AL PRES5CE4 

,AS AN EXAMPLE ( AN IMM$IATI/ PROJECT1 ,BEY PROPOSES A V>IETY ( ! POTLAT*1 OR RITUAL FEA/4 ,IT %\LD BE MADE )\T READY-MADE +R$I5TS4 ,! MA9 PO9T IS TO GIVE & RECEIVE GIFTS4 ,ANO!R PIECE1 ',A ,LUN> ,G>D5 ( ,LEGAL ,PHANTA/ICA'1 SUGGE/S MOD]N ITEMS = CREAT+ A ,GREEK PAN!ON4 ,PRIAPUS C\LD BE A G>D5 GNOME ) A PA9T$-ON P5IS2 ,M]CURY A HOOD ORNAM5T FROM A C>1 OR ! ,WE/]N ,UNION LOGO4 

,SIMIL>LY1 9 ',! ,OCCULT ,ASSAULT ON ,9/ITUTIONS'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ACTIONS TO PROMOTE ,T,A,Z %\LD AVOID M$IATION1 DIRECTLY REALIZ+ !IR GOAL4 ,!Y %\LD ALSO ADD UP TO MORE ?AN ! SUM ( !IR P>TS4 ,SU* ACTIONS %\LD BO? 'DAMAGE OR DE/ROY SOME REAL &_/OR IMAG9AL TIME_/SPACE ( 0! 5EMY0'1 & CREATE A /RONG *ANCE ( A PEAK EXP]I5CE4 ,9 T]MS ( 5EMIES1 AB/RACTIONS LIKE '! /ATE' >E ( LITTLE USE4 ,RESI/ANCE MU/ T>GET SPECIFIC FUNCTION>IES4 ,! AIM IS TO PROVIDE A P>TICUL> 'OCCULT EFFECT'1 PROJECT+ P[] BACK AT ! M$IA4 

,ONE WAY TO AVOID RECUP]ATION BY ! ,SPECTACLE IS TO 5SURE ?AT SYMBOLISM HAS DEP? OR 'FRACTAL DIM5SIONS' :I* CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO ! FLAT IMAG]Y ( ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,9 SU* CASES1 EV5 :5 O!RS TRY TO RECUP]ATE AN IMAGE1 IT WILL CONT9UE TO C>RY AN UNC]TA91 ANTI-SY/EMIC SUBTEXT4 ,SABOTAGE1 = 9/ANCE1 IS TOO EASILY RECUP]AT$ BY BE+ CLASSIFI$ AS CRIME4 ,IT MI<T AVOID ?IS IF COMB9$ ) 9=MATION1 BEAUTY1 OR ADV5TURE1 PROVID$ ONE DOES NOT GET CAU<T4 

,= 9/ANCE1 M$IA EMPLOYES MI<T BE S5T P[]FUL IMAG]Y OR MAGIC >T-OBJECTS :I* >E SAID TO C>RY A CURSE4 ,! CURSE IS ?AT IT WILL CAUSE !M TO REALIZE !IR TRUE DESIRES4 ,! AIM ( SU* A TACTIC IS TO 9FILTRATE ! IMAGES 9TO !IR DREAMS & DESIRES1 TO MAKE !IR JOBS SEEM BOR+ & DE/RUCTIVE4 

--- 

,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON IS A POLITICAL !ORI/ & ACTIVI/ BAS$ 9 ! ,U,K4 ,HE IS ! COAU?OR 7) ,A?9A ,K>ATZOGIANNI7 ( ,P[]1 ,RESI/ANCE & ,CONFLICT 9 ! ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,WORLD3 ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS1 ,NETWORKS & ,HI]>*IES 7,R\TL$GE1 #b#i74 ,HE HAS REC5TLY PUBLI%$ A S]IES ( BOOKS ON ,HOMI ,BHABHA4 ,HIS ',9 ,!ORY' COLUMN APPE>S EV]Y O!R ,FRIDAY4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/