,HAIL ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MELB\RNE ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P 7,M,A,C,G7 

,TEXT 3 

,ONE HUNDR$ YE>S AGO TODAY1 A WORK]S' REVOLUTION TRIUMPH$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 ) CONSEQU5CES ?AT W\LD E*O = G5]ATIONS4 ,IT WAS #g ,NOVEMB] #a#i#a#g1 :I* ,RUSSIA !N CALL$ #be ,OCTOB] BECAUSE ! ,CZ> WAS SO REACTION>Y HE OPPOS$ SWIT*+ FROM ! 9ACCURATE ,JULIAN CAL5D> TO ! MORE ACCURATE ,GREGORIAN ONE4 ,?AT DAY1 WORK]S & SOLDI]S UND] ! COMM& ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET 7:I* MEANS 0C\NCIL0 9 ,RUSSIAN7 TOOK CONTROL ( ALL IMPORTANT PUBLIC BUILD+S 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ! ,RUSSIAN CAPITAL1 & DISMISS$ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T ( ,ALEX&] ,K]5SKY4 ,?AT NI<T1 ! ,SECOND ,ALL-,RUSSIA ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS MET & PROCLAIM$ ITS P[]4 

,! ,ROAD TO ,OCTOB] 

  

,! ROAD TO ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION HAD BE5 LONG & FILL$ ) DIV]SIONS4 ,RUSSIA WAS A L>GE BUT V]Y BACKW>D C\NTRY1 :OSE P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> HAD %[N ?AT ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS WAS SO *AOTIC AS TO BE USELESS 9 PROSECUT+ ! W>4 ,PU%$ TO BREAK+ PO9T1 IT COLLAPS$ 9 ,M>* 7,FEBRU>Y1 OLD /YLE7 #aiag & A ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T WAS =M$ TO TAKE OV] FROM ! ,CZ>4 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET ( ,WORK]S' & ,SOLDI]S' ,DEPUTIES WAS ALSO =M$4 

,?IS MAKE%IFT GOV]NM5T1 H[EV]1 WAS UNABLE TO SOLVE ! CRISIS4 ,PEASANTS LIV$ 9 DESP]ATE POV]TY 9 SEMI-FEUDAL CONDITIONS1 9FLATION WAS DRIV+ WORK]S TO />VATION1 SOLDI]S AT ! FRONT W]E %ORT ( >MS1 AMMUNITION & EV5 BOOTS1 & 9DU/RY WAS GR9D+ TO A HALT DUE TO %ORTAGES ( RAW MAT]IALS4 ,NOT A S+LE PROBLEM 9 ,RUSSIA C\LD BE SOLV$ )\T /OPP+ ! W>1 BUT NONE ( ! P>TIES 9 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T W\LD CONTEMPLATE PULL+ \T4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! SITUATION CONT9U$ TO DET]IORATE4 ,P>TIES P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T LO/ CR$IBILITY & SUPPORT4 ,MORE SOVIETS =M$1 GR[+ /RONG] & MORE REPRES5TATIVE AS ! YE> PROGRESS$4 

,! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA AT ! TIME ( ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION WAS V]Y SMALL4 ,IT GREW AS ! YE> W5T ON1 BUT ITS 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,SOVIETS WAS /ILL V]Y LIMIT$4 ,! MA9 P>TIES 9 ! ,SOVIETS W]E ! ,M5%EVIKS1 ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES & ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,:ILE ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,S,RS MA9TA9$ !IR MAJORITY1 ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET ACT$ AS A PRESSURE GR\P ON ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 RA!R ?AN SEEK+ TO OV]?R[ IT4 

,\T ( ALL ! P>TIES1 IT WAS ! ,BOL%EVIKS ?AT GA9$ MO/ FROM ! GR[+ CRISIS - BUT ?+S C\LD HAVE BE5 DIFF]5T4 ,! LONG-TIME ,BOL%EVIK POSITION WAS TO SUPPORT :AT IT CALL$ ! 0DEMOCRATIC DICTATOR%IP ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS04 ,AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION1 ?IS MEANT BE+ A ,LEFT PRESSURE GR\P ON ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & HOP+ TO BECOME A ,LEFT W+ OPPOSITION P>TY 9 A CAPITALI/ P>LIAM5T GOV]N+ ,RUSSIA4 ,L59 HAD TO FI<T SEV]AL 9T]NAL BATTLES 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY 9 ORD] TO GET IT TO ADOPT1 & !N TO KEEP1 A POSITION CALL+ = ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & = ! ,SOVIETS TO TAKE P[]4 ,)\T ?AT POSITION1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W\LD HAVE FOLL[$ ! PA? ( ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,S,RS1 :OSE /R5G? GREW & !N %RANK AS ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T FL\ND]$ 9 ! FACE ( ! GR[+ CRISIS4 ,! W> EF=T WAS TE>+ ,RUSSIA TO PIECES4 ,! ONLY SOLUTION WAS = ,RUSSIA TO LEAVE ! ,W> - & ?AT REQUIR$ OV]?R[+ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T4 

,! GR[+ CRISIS 9 ! ECONOMY SPAWN$ ! GR[? ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 :]E RANK & FILE WORK]S TRI$ TO DEAL ) ! DAY-TO-DAY PROBLEMS !Y FAC$4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD A MAJORITY 9 ! ,COMMITTEES FROM AN E>LY DATE1 BUT ! MORE CONS]VATIVE WORK]S1 CONC]N$ TO SUPPORT ! W> EF=T1 W]E ALSO (T5 KE5 TO USE ! ,COMMITTEES TO C\NT]-ACT ! BOSSES' 9COMPET5CE4 ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES GA9$ CONTROL ( HIR+ & FIR+1 RESOLV$ CONFLICTS OV] WAGE RATES1 DEALT ) P]SONNEL MATT]S1 TOOK ON ABUSIVE MANAG]S &1 9CREAS+LY1 ADDRESS$ SUPPLY ISSUES4 ,9 SOME CASES1 BOSSES AB&ON$ !IR FACTORIES 9 ! FACE ( !IR DIFFICULTIES1 BUT ! WORK]S1 ?R\< ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 KEPT !M GO+4 ,9 ! BEG9N+1 ! IMPETUS BEH9D !IR =MATION & GR[? WAS PRACTICAL1 NOT IDEOLOGICAL1 BUT ! EXP]I5CE ( !SE COMMITTEES 9 GRADUALLY E/ABLI%+ WORK]S' CONTROL WAS KEY TO ! GR[? ( WORK+ CLASS SUPPORT = OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM & E/ABLI%+ SELF-MANAGEM5T UND] SOCIALISM4 ,WORK]S W]E SOLV+ PROBLEMS ! BOSSES C\LDN'T1 & LE>N$ A P[]FUL LESSON FROM ?IS4 

,BY E>LY ,JULY 7,OLD ,/YLE71 ! WORK]S ( ,PETROGRAD W]E SUPPORT+ ! SLOGAN 0,ALL ,P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS04 ,!RE WAS A MASS DEMON/RATION SP>K$ BY OPPOSITION TO ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T'S ORD] = A W> (F5SIVE AT ! FRONT4 ,BUT SUPPORT = ,SOVIET P[] WAS AT ITS 9FANCY ACROSS ! C\NTRY AS A :OLE & ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET /ILL HAD A MOD]ATE MAJORITY4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T SUPPRESS$ ! PEACEFUL DEMON/RATION ) GREAT VIOL5CE1 KILL+ #g1 & ORD]$ ! >RE/ ( ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S4 ,L59 FL$ TEMPOR>ILY TO ,F9L&4 

,AT ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ 7,OLD ,/YLE71 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T 9VIT$ ,G5]AL ,KORNILOV TO BR+ AN >MY TO ,PETROGRAD TO RE/ORE ORD] & SUPPRESS ! RADICALS4 ,KORNILOV AGRE$ :OLEHE>T$LY & M>*$ ON ! CAPITAL4 ,:5 ,K]5SKY1 LEAD] ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 REALIZ$ ,KORNILOV SAW HIM AS ONE ( ! RADICALS ?AT NE$$ REPRESS+1 HE PANICK$ & TURN$ TO ! ,SOVIET = SALVATION4 ,CO-ORD9AT$ BY ! ,SOVIET1 RAILWAY WORK]S REFUS$ TO PROVIDE TRANSPORT1 DISSID5TS 5C\RAG$ SABOTAGE & SOLDI]S DES]T$ 5 MASSE4 ,! >MY NEV] MADE IT TO ,PETROGRAD1 EXCEPT = ,KORNILOV & HIS AIDES1 :O >RIV$ UND] >RE/4 ,! CR$IBILITY ( BO? ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,CZ>I/ ,RI<T W]E %OT4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS IMM$IATELY WON MAJORITIES 9 BO? ! ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[ ,SOVIETS & CONT9U$ ACQUIR+ MAJORITIES 9 O!R CITIES4 

,OCTOB] 

  

,AS A RESULT ( ! ,KORNILOV ,AFFAIR1 ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET GA9$ CONTROL ( TROOP PLACEM5TS 9 & >\ND ! CAPITAL4 ,! ,SOVIET =M$ A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,COMMITTEE1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 TO ADM9I/] ?IS NEW P[]4 ,TROTSKY1 :O HAD BE5 9 A SMALL FACTION 9DEP5D5T ( BO? ! ,BOL%EVIKS & MA9/REAM ,M5%EVIKS1 HAD L$ HIS GR\P 9TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS AT ! />T ( ,AUGU/ 7,OLD ,/YLE74 ,L59 AT LA/ P]SUAD$ ! ,BOL%EVIK ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ?AT AN 9SURRECTION MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ & ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,COMMITTEE BECAME ! =UM :]E ! MILIT>Y SIDE ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION WAS PLANN$4 

,ON #be ,OCTOB] 7,OLD ,/YLE71 :I* WAS #g ,NOVEMB] 7,NEW ,/YLE71 DELEGATES TO ! ,SECOND ,ALL-,RUSSIA ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS GA!R$ 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 HAD A MAJORITY4 ,NOT ONLY WAS ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,COMMITTEE READY = ACTION1 BUT 7UNLIKE 9 ,JULY7 ! ,SOVIETS W]E READY TO ACCEPT P[]4 

,! ACTUAL 9SURRECTION WAS ALMO/ AN ANTI-CLIMAX4 ,) ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET 9 CONTROL ( MILIT>Y DEPLOYM5TS1 ! ABILITY ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T TO RESI/ ! TAKE-OV] WAS ALMO/ NON-EXI/5T4 ,DETA*M5TS OCCUPI$ PUBLIC BUILD+S1 TROOP =MATIONS W5T OV] TO ! REVOLUTION1 GOV]NM5T COMMUNICATIONS W]E CUT & LOYALI/ TROOPS W]E OV]:ELM$ OR PREV5T$ FROM BE+ LOCAT$ BY ,K]5SKY4 ,! 5TIRE EV5T WAS BLOODLESS1 ) ONLY ONE %OT FIR$ 79TO ! CEIL+7 9 ! /ORM+ ( ! ,W9T] ,PALACE4 ,AT #aa P4M4 ! ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS OP5$4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,COMMITTEE ANN\NC$ ?AT ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T WAS OV]?R[N & ! ,SOVIETS ACCEPT$ P[]4 ,ONE *APT] WAS OV] & A NEW ONE IMM$IATELY BEGAN4 

,AFT]MA? 

  

,K]5SKY BLEW HIS REMA9+ CR$IBILITY F\R DAYS AFT] ! 9SURRECTION :5 HE TRI$ TO 5T] ,PETROGRAD LIKE A ,CZ>I/ G5]AL1 COMPLETE ) A :ITE HORSE & *UR* BELLS1 & KILL$ EI<T PEOPLE BE=E RETREAT+4 ,EV5TS 9 ,MOSC[ W]E MORE BLOODY4 ,FI<T+ CONT9U$ = A WEEK BE=E ! ,SOVIETS DEFEAT$ ,K]5SKY'S =CES4 ,AFT] ?AT1 RESI/ANCE TO ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS GRADUALLY SUBSID$ - = ! TIME BE+4 

,FROM A T9Y BEG9N+1 ,AN>*I/S W]E GR[+ 9 9FLU5CE 9 ,RUSSIA DUR+ #aiag & CONT9U$ TO GR[ ?R\< #a#i#a#h4 ,AN>*I/S SUPPORT$ ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & SOME EV5 P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! /ORM+ ( ! ,W9T] ,PALACE4 ,AN>*I/S ALSO P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,SOVIET'S DISP]SAL ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#h4 ,IT WAS A CAPITALI/ P>LIAM5T & W\LD ONLY HAVE CREAT$ A CAPITALI/ /ATE4 

,AN>*I/S & ,BOL%EVIKS HAD BE5 OP]AT+ R\<LY 9 P>ALLEL 7?\< R>ELY 9 COOP]ATION7 UNTIL ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 BUT W5T 9 DIFF]5T DIRECTIONS AFT] ?AT4 ,9 RETROSPECT1 IT CAN BE SE5 ?AT ! ,SOVIETS MADE TWO KEY ]RORS ?AT =E%AD[$ ALL SUBSEQU5T ONES4 ,FIR/LY1 ! ,ALL-,RUSSIA ,CONGRESS DISREG>D$ ,M>X'S 9SI<T :I* HE HAD SET \T 9 HIS PAMPHLET ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE3 

#a4 ,! ,COMMUNE WAS TO BE A WORK+1 NOT A P>LIAM5T>Y BODY1 EXECUTIVE & LEGISLATIVE AT ! SAME TIME4  

 ,?AT IS1 ! ,COMMUNE HELD EXECUTIVE P[] & IMPLEM5T$ ITS [N DECISIONS4 ,9/EAD1 ! ,CONGRESS ELECT$ A ,C\NCIL ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S TO ACT AS AN EXECUTIVE CAB9ET OV] ! ,SOVIETS4 ,! ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS HAD TURN$ ITSELF 9TO A LEGISLATURE & WAS NO LONG] ! WORK+ BODY ?AT ! ,COMMUNE HAD BE54 

,SECONDLY1 ! ,ALL-,RUSSIA ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS ASSUM$ C5TRAL P[] OV] ! REGIONAL & LOCAL SOVIETS4 ,BECAUSE ( ! UNEV5NESS ( POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! ,CONGRESS DID NE$ P[] 9 RELATION TO >EAS :]E REGIONAL SOVIETS W]E NOT YET E/ABLI%$1 & REGIONAL SOVIETS NE$$ P[] 9 RELATION TO DI/RICTS :]E LOCAL SOVIETS W]E NOT YET E/ABLI%$4 ,BUT HAV+ ! ,CONGRESS ASSUME C5TRAL P[] OV] O!R SOVIETS 5SUR$ ?AT ! ,ALL-,RUSSIA ,CONGRESS WAS EXP]I5C$ AS AN EXT]NAL P[] IMPOS$ FROM ABOVE1 MAK+ >BITR>Y & (T5 ILL-9=M$ DECISIONS4 ,ITS DECISIONS W]E 9ITIALLY A GOOD DEAL MORE JU/ & POPUL> ?AN ?OSE ( ! ,CZ> OR ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT !Y W]E NOT ! FREELY MADE DECISIONS ( ! PEOPLE :O W\LD IMPLEM5T !M4 

,AS A RESULT ( ?OSE TWO ]RORS1 ,RUSSIA HAD A NEW /ATE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS W\LD PROCE$ TO BUILD ITS P[] AT ! EXP5SE ( ! WORK]S & ! PEASANTS4 

,SUBSEQU5T EV5TS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT POOR /RUCTURAL DECISIONS MADE AT ! BEG9N+ W]E FATEFUL4 ,V]Y SOON1 ! NEW GOV]NM5T />T$ RE9+ 9 ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,BE=E TOO LONG IT WAS 9SI/+ ON 0ONE MAN MANAGEM5T0 - (T5 ! =M] [N] EMPLOY$ AS A 0SPECIALI/0 ON A HI< SAL>Y4 ,REPRESSION ( ! ,AN>*I/S />T$ 9 ,APRIL #a#i#a#h1 A MON? BE=E ! FIR/ CLA%ES ) ORGANIZ$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES ?AT BECAME ! ,:ITE >MIES4 ,! ,R$ ,T]ROR1 9 ! PROCESS ( COMBAT+ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES1 DROVE 9CREAS+ NUMB]S ( WORK]S & PEASANTS 9TO OPPOSITION BECAUSE ( ITS DICTATORIAL ME?ODS4 ,OPPOSITION P>TIES W]E CRU%$1 ONE BY ONE4 ,9DEP5D5T REVOLUTIONS 9 ! T]RITORY ( ! OLD ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE W]E PUT D[N - A ,M5%EVIK REPUBLIC 9 ,GEORGIA & PEASANT-BAS$ ,AN>*I/S1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 9 ,UKRA9E4 ,! SUPPRESSION ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S WAS ESPECIALLY GRIEV\S BECAUSE !Y HAD PROV5 !IR LOYALTY TO ! REVOLUTION ON ! BATTLEFIELD4 ,9 FACT1 !Y HAD DONE ! BULK ( ! FI<T+ AGA9/ ! ,:ITE >MIES ?AT HAD 9VAD$ FROM ! S\?4 ,& F9ALLY1 ! ,BOL%EVIK 7N[ ,COMMUNI/7 ,P>TY CRU%$ ! ,KRON/ADT ,REBELLION1 SUPPRESS$ ALL O!R P>TIES & BANN$ ITS [N FACTIONS 9 #aiba - ALL AFT] ! ,CIVIL ,W> HAD BE5 WON4 

,BY #a#i#b#a1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS OV]4 ,ALL C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES HAD BE5 DEFEAT$1 BUT SO HAD ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! SO-CALL$ 0,COMMUNI/0 ,P>TY HAD USURP$ ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS & E/ABLI%$ A HEAVY DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 TIME1 ASSI/$ BY ! ILLNESS & !N DEA? ( ,L591 ,/AL9 W\LD RISE TO P[] & 9/ITUTE MAJOR *ANGES 9 POLICY1 9CLUD+ 0,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY01 A CONCEPT BO? 9TELLECTUALLY RIDICUL\S & POLITICALLY CRIM9AL4 ,HE /ACK$ ! ,P>TY ) FLUNKIES1 PURG$ OPPOSITION & TURN$ ! REIGN ( T]ROR SY/EMATICALLY ONTO ! ,P>TY AS WELL 7?\< ,L59 HAD 5GAG$ 9 SPORADIC 9T]NAL REPRESSION HIMSELF74 ,! NAME ( COMMUNISM WAS DRAGG$ ?R\< ! MUD1 ) CONSEQU5CES WE /ILL SUFF] TODAY4 

,LESSONS 

  

,! MO/ OBVI\S LESSON ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION IS ?AT WORK]S CAN TAKE P[]4 ,WE'VE DONE IT BE=E & WE CAN DO IT AGA94 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION WAS SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE P[] WAS TAK5 BY ! ,SOVIETS1 ! MASS ORGANS ( WORK]S' DEMOCRACY4 ,IT WAS NOT A M]E ,BOL%EVIK C\P4 ,WE DON'T KN[ :AT ! MASS ORGANS ( WORK]S' DEMOCRACY MAY BE 9 FUTURE REVOLUTIONS4 ,!Y MAY BE WORK]S' C\NCILS1 WORKPLACE COMMITTEES1 AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS1 OR SOME?+ ELSE4 ,! ESS5TIAL ?+ IS ?AT1 LIKE ! ,SOVIETS 9 ,RUSSIA1 !Y HAVE ! P>TICIPATION ( ! MASS ( ! WORK+ CLASS & !Y OP]ATE BY DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 ) M&AT$ & RECALLABLE DELEGATES4 

,! NEXT LESSON IS ?AT ?+S W5T V]Y BADLY WRONG 9 ,RUSSIA V]Y SOON AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 NOT 9 #a#i#b#d4 ,! 0WORK]S' /ATE0 BUILT BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS WAS AN OXYMORON1 A REPRESSIVE APP>ATUS ?AT C\LD ONLY IMPOSE AU?ORITY FROM ABOVE4 ,IT WAS ! ANTI!SIS ( WORK]S' FRE$OM & WORK]S' CONTROL4 

,?+S C\LD HAVE BE5 O!RWISE4 ,IF ! ,ALL-,RUSSIA ,CONGRESS HAD NOT SET UP A ,C\NCIL ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S TO ACT AS AN EXECUTIVE CAB9ET1 & IF RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,SOVIETS HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ ON ! BASIS ( CONSI/5T F$]ALISM1 !N ! ,SOVIETS W\LD HAVE BE5 WORK+ BODIES :]E WORK]S CAME TOGE!R TO MAKE DECISIONS & IMPLEM5T !M DIRECTLY1 )\T CO]CION OR HI]>*Y4 ,! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES W\LD HAVE BE5 ABLE TO TAKE OV] 9SIDE ! WORKPLACE1 BE+ ! BASIC ORGANS ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T4 

,A ?IRD LESSON IS ?AT POLITICAL P>TIES CANNOT BE TRU/$4 ,! CAPITALI/ P>TIES & ! MOD]ATE WORK]S' P>TIES DISCR$IT$ !MSELVES WELL BE=E ,OCTOB]1 LEAD+ TO !IR ECLIPSE BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY PLAY$ A VITAL ROLE 9 ! P]IOD BETWE5 ! ,FEBRU>Y & ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTIONS1 BUT AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION IT ACT$ CONSI/5TLY TO DRAW P[] FROM ! ,SOVIETS UNTO ITSELF4 ,IT CONSID]$ ITSELF ! VANGU>D ( ! PROLET>IAT1 POSSESS$ ( A BETT] & MORE RELIABLE REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS ?AN ! MASS ( ! WORK]S4 ,:5 IT HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO SUB/ITUTE ITS JUDGM5T = ?AT ( ! WORK]S1 IT DID4 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> PROVID$ A HI< PRESSURE CONTEXT 9 :I* MANY ( ?OSE DECISIONS W]E MADE & C\LD BE SOLD TO ! ,SOVIETS1 BUT ! AU?ORIT>IANISM BEGAN BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W> & CONT9U$ AFT]W>DS4 

,! F9AL1 & TO MANY ! MO/ SURPRIS+1 LESSON IS ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION PROV$ ?AT1 ON ! QUE/ION ( ! P>TY1 ,L59 WAS WRONG & ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S >E RI<T4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION />T$ BECAUSE ( AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,WOM5'S ,DAY DEMON/RATION ?AT TOOK A MILITANT TURN4 ,IT IS OCCASIONALLY PO9T$ \T ?AT ,BOL%EVIK WOM5 TEXTILE WORK]S ORGANIZ$ ?IS DEMON/RATION & ITS MILITANT TACTICS4 ,IT IS SELDOM REMEMB]$1 ?\<1 ?AT !SE WOM5 W]E ACT+ ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE4 ,!Y W]E ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>IES :O DEBAT$ & DISCUSS$ AMONG !MSELVES1 BUT !Y W]5'T ACT+ ON 9/RUCTIONS FROM ! ,BOL%EVIK ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,?IS WAS TO BE EXPECT$1 S9CE ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E ILLEGAL AT ?AT PO9T & ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE MEMB]S W]E EI!R UND]GR\ND OR 9 EXILE4 ,MU* LATITUDE WAS NECESS>ILY GIV5 TO LOCAL BRAN*ES & FACTORY CELLS4 

,?IS PROCESS PLAY$ \T ON A L>G] SCALE ?R\< #a#i#a#g4 ,BE=E ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY ACT$ 9 A V]Y DEC5TRALIZ$ WAY1 & P>TY DISCIPL9E WAS MU* WEAK]4 ,! SOCIAL TURMOIL & ! RAPID GR[? ( ! ,P>TY PREV5T$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ?OR\< C5TRALISM4 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] ,OCTOB] ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS C\LD BEG9 WORK+ CONSI/5TLY 9 ! WAY ?AT ,L59 HAD F\<T = S9CE #a#i#c4 ,BE=E ,OCTOB]1 ,RI<T ,BOL%EVIKS LIKE ,KAM5EV & ,Z9OVIEV 5GAG$ 9 OP5 FREELANC+ AGA9/ ! ,P>TY L9E4 ,!Y EV5 PUBLICLY OPPOS$ ! ,SOVIETS TAK+ P[] AFT] ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE HAD COMMITT$ TO ! 9SURRECTION4 ,AN EV5 MORE TELL+ EXAMPLE IS ,L59'S FAM\S SPEE* AT ! ,F9L& ,/ATION :5 HE RETURN$ FROM EXILE 9 ,APRIL4 ,HIS CALL = ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 & = ! ,SOVIETS TO TAKE P[]1 WAS AGA9/ ,P>TY POLICY6 ,L59 HAD TO FI<T TOO? & NAIL AFT] ?IS SPEE* 9 ORD] TO GET ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO ADOPT HIS POSITION4 ,IF HE HAD KEPT TO ,P>TY DISCIPL9E1 HE MAY NEV] HAVE WON ! >GUM5T & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION MAY HAVE TAK5 A VA/LY DIFF]5T C\RSE4 ,C5TRALIZATION HAS A CONS]VATIZ+ EFFECT ON ORGANIZATIONS &1 9 A POLITICAL P>TY1 CUTS IT (F FROM RADICAL %IFTS 9 PUBLIC CONSCI\SNESS4 

,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S ACCEPT ?AT WE NE$ TO BE BETT] ORGANIZ$ ?AN 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS ACTIVI/S NE$ TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9 SPECIFIC REVOLUTION>Y BODIES1 9 ADDITION TO BE+ MEMB]S ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,:]E WE DIFF] FROM ,L59I/S IS ON ! ROLE & /RUCTURE ( ! SPECIFIC REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS4 ,WE BELIEVE ! ROLE ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS IS TO URGE ! WORK+ CLASS TO TAKE P[] ITSELF & NOT TO TAKE P[] ON BEHALF ( ! WORK]S4 ,\R ACTIVI/S NE$ TO BE EXEMPL>Y MILITANTS RA!R ?AN LEAD]S4 ,!Y NE$ TO 9SPIRE WORK]S TO ACT = !MSELVES RA!R ?AN TO FOLL[ LEAD]S1 H[EV] REVOLUTION>Y4 ,AS ! OLD ,WOBBLY SAY+ GOES1 :OEV] CAN LEAD Y\ 9TO P>ADISE CAN JU/ AS EASILY LEAD Y\ \T AGA94 ,! ROLE ( ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 IMPORTANT AT ANY TIME1 WILL BE IRREPLACEABLE 9 REVOLUTION>Y P]IODS1 S9CE ,AN>*I/S 9 ! MASS ORGANS ( WORK]S' P[] WILL HAVE A MESSAGE ?AT ALL P>TIES1 9CLUD+ ! ,L59I/S1 WILL OPPOSE - ?AT !SE MASS WORK]S' ORGANS >E ! V]Y SUB/ANCE ( ! REVOLUTION & MU/ NOT SURR5D] P[] TO ANYONE1 :E!R IT BE A P>LIAM5T1 A CON/ITU5T ASSEMBLY1 OR A ,C\NCIL ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S4 

,! /RUCTURE ( ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS MU/ REFLECT !IR FUNCTION4 ,WE BELIEVE WORK]S' P[] MU/ OP]ATE ON ! BASIS ( CONSI/5T F$]ALISM1 :]E P[] RE/S AT ! BOTTOM & ! HI<] BODIES EXI/ TO CO-ORD9ATE )\T CO]CION4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >E L>GE 5\< TO HAVE MORE ?AN ONE CON/ITU5T GR\P MU/ ALSO ORGANIZE 9 ?IS WAY4 ,S9CE WE BELIEVE ! MASS WORK]S' ORGANS MU/ OP]ATE ) M&AT$1 RECALLABLE DELEGATES & LIMIT$ T5URE ( (FICE1 SO MU/ ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS OP]ATE4 

,& S9CE WE BELIEVE ?AT WORK]S CAN ONLY EX]CISE REAL P[] IF !Y >E ABLE TO HE> ALL >GUM5TS ON A GIV5 TOPIC1 WE BELIEVE ?AT ,AN>*I/S %\LD NOT ATTEMPT TO =M A S+LE ORGANIZATION TO PRES5T A MONOLI?IC OP9ION TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! 9EVITABLE DIFF]5CES ( OP9ION )9 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 7LET ALONE BETWE5 ,AN>*I/S & /ATE SOCIALI/S7 %\LD NOT BE RESOLV$ >TIFICIALLY BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS1 BUT PRES5T$ TO ! WORK+ CLASS = JUDGM5T4 ,IF ANY ONE ORGANIZATION1 EV5 AN ,AN>*I/ ONE1 GA9S AN 5DUR+ MAJORITY 9 ! MASS WORK]S' ORGANS1 ! DANG] ( USURPATION WILL >ISE4 ,AN>*I/S NE$ TO GU>D AGA9/ ?IS BY 5SUR+ ?AT ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS PRES]VE PLURALISM4 ,!Y MU/ REJECT ! >TIFICIAL UNITY ?AT COMES FROM PAP]+ OV] POLITICAL DIFF]5CES4 

,CONCLUSION 

  

,! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA WAS A MOM5T\S EV5T & ! ,MELB\RNE ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P CELEBRATES ITS C5T5>Y4 ,! ,SOVIETS & ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES W]E GREAT A*IEVEM5TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS & TAK+ P[] WAS AN EV5 GREAT] A*IEVEM5T4 ,WE >E ANG]$ BY ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,REVOLUTION BY ,L59 & ITS TOTAL P]V]SION BY ,/AL91 BUT WE >E NOT DISILLUSION$4 ,RA!R1 WE HAVE LE>N$ LESSONS & WORK 9 ! CONFID5T EXPECTATION ?AT1 IF CAPITALISM DOESN'T DE/ROY US 9 ! MEANTIME1 !RE WILL BE ANO!R REVOLUTION1 & IT WILL BE WORLDWIDE4 ,UNLIKE LA/ TIME1 WORK]S WON'T GET TAK5 9 BY ! SIR5 SONG ( LEAD]S :O TELL US FAIRY TALES AB\T A WORK]S' /ATE4 ,WE WON'T BE FOOL$ AGA94 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #a#b? ,OCTOB] #bba FROM AN>KISMO4NET47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,HAIL ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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