,*APT] #e 
,PATRIOTISM 

#aifaif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,V4 ,PATRIOTISM 

  
#a4 

  

,9 #a<c ,WA%+TON S5T A CIRCUL> LETT] TO ! ,/ATES1 DESCRIB+ ! SITUATION ( ! NEW NATION AS HE SAW IT4 0,WE HAVE EQUAL OCCASION TO FELICITATE \RSELVES10 HE SAID1 0ON ! LOT :I* ,PROVID5CE HAS ASSIGN$ TO US1 :E!R WE VIEW IT 9 A NATURAL1 A POLITICAL1 OR MORAL PO9T ( LI<T40 ,HE PO9T$ TO ! NATURAL RES\RCES ( ! NEW NATION1 ITS 9DEP5D5CE & FRE$OM1 ! ,AGE ( ,REASON DUR+ :I* IT HAD COME ( AGE1 AN AGE ( 0! FREE CULTIVATION ( LETT]S1 ! UNB\ND$ EXT5SION ( COMM]CE1 ! PROGRESSIVE REF9EM5T ( MANN]S1 ! GR[+ LIB]ALITY ( S5TIM5T1 & ABOVE ALL ! PURE & B5IGN LI<T ( ,REVELATION4444 ,IF !SE CITIZ5S10 HE CONCLUD$1 0%\LD NOT BE COMPLETELY FREE & HAPPY1 ! FAULT WILL BE C]TA9LY !IR [N4 ,SU* IS \R SITUATION & SU* >E \R PROSPECTS40 

,IT IS H>D TO READ !SE S5T5CES )\T AGITATION & TE>S1 = !Y >E SIMPLY TRUE & SIMPLY PATRIOTIC4 

,9 ! NEXT G5]ATIONS1 ALMO/ TO \R [N TIMES1 PATRIOTIC RHETORIC DID NOT CEASE TO S\ND1 MORE POMP\SLY & FALSELY1 BUT NEV] )\T A CORE ( TRU?4 ,!RE WAS ALWAYS SOME?+ SPECIAL 9 ! ,AM]ICAN DE/9Y TO BE PR\D (4 ,9 #ahbe IT WAS ! BROAD DEMOCRACY4 ,9 #ahe IT WAS ! MAGNIFIC5T SPREAD & SETTLEM5T FROM COA/ TO COA/4 ,9 #a#h#g#e1 ! MAT]IAL PROGRESS1 ! CABLE & ! ,PACIFIC RAILROAD1 ! BUILD+ ( MOD]N 9DU/RIALISM4 ,9 #a#i1 ,AM]ICA WAS ! MELT+ POT1 ! ASYLUM ( ! POOR & ! OPPRESS$4 

,9 \R C5TURY1 ! PATRIOTIC RHETORIC BEGAN TO BE UNBELIEVABLE--NOT BY ACCID5T1 = =EIGN W>S 7#a#h#i#h & #a#i#a#g7 >E 9COMPATIBLE ) REASONABLE RHETORIC4 ,9 REC5T DECADES !RE HAS BE5 ALMO/ A SURCEASE ( SU* SPEE*4 ,EV5 REF]5CES TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY1 FREE 5T]PRISE1 HI< PRODUCTION1 & ! ECONOMY ( ABUNDANCE HAVE F9ALLY DI$ \T1 BECAUSE !Y CALL UP ! IDEA ( TAIL F9S & ,T,V COMM]CIALS4 ,HI<BR[ J\RNALI/S M5TION ! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY ) SCORN4 

,\R CASE IS A/\ND+4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME 9 RECORD$ HI/ORY1 ! M5TION ( C\NTRY1 COMMUNITY1 PLACE HAS LO/ ITS P[] TO ANIMATE4 ,NOBODY BUT A SC\NDREL EV5 TRIES IT4 ,\R REJECTION ( FALSE PATRIOTISM IS1 ( C\RSE1 ITSELF A BADGE ( HONOR4 ,BUT ! POSITIVE LOSS IS TRAGIC & ,I CANNOT RESIGN MYSELF TO IT4 ,A MAN HAS ONLY ONE LIFE & IF DUR+ IT HE HAS NO GREAT 5VIRONM5T1 NO COMMUNITY1 HE HAS BE5 IRREP>ABLY ROBB$ ( A HUMAN RI<T4 ,?IS LOSS IS DAMAG+ ESPECIALLY 9 GR[+ UP1 = IT DEPRIVES \TGO+ GR[?1 :I* BEG9S ) WEAN+ FROM ,MO!R & WALK+ \T ( ! H\SE1 ( ! *ANCE ( 5T]+ UPON A GREAT & HONORABLE SC5E TO DEVELOP 94 

,CULTURE IS1 FIR/ ( ALL1 CITY & PATRIOTIC CULTURE4 ,I %ALL TRY TO %[ ?AT PATRIOTISM IS ! CULTURE ( *ILDHOOD & ADOLESC5CE4 ,)\T ?IS FIR/ CULTURE1 WE COME ) A FATAL EMPT9ESS TO ! HUMANE CULTURE ( SCI5CE1 >T1 HUMANITY & ,GOD2 & ?IS EMPT9ESS RESULTS 9 ! BE/ PEOPLE NOT TURN+ BACK1 LIKE ,PLATO'S PHILOSOPH] :O HAS EM]G$ FROM ! CAVE1 TO S]VE !IR C\NTRY4 ,MANY ( ! BE/ ,AM]ICANS HAVE A /RONG PHILAN?ROPIC & LOCAL COMMUNITY ZEAL1 YET IT W\LD SEEM ODD = SOMEBODY N[ADAYS TO PUT HIMSELF TO A BIG & H>D TASK JU/ TO S]VE HIS C\NTRY1 TO MAKE H] BETT]1 & BE PR\D ( ?AT ,Y\NG PEOPLE ASPIRE MI<TILY TO APPE>ANCES ON TELEVISIONS & O!R K9DS ( NOTORIETY1 BUT ,I D\BT ?AT MANY N[ ?9K ( BE+ HONOR$ BY A /ATUE 9 ! P>K & W9N+ 0IMMORTAL0 FAME1 ! FAME ( BIG CULTURE4 

,LET ME MAKE ! SAME PO9T BY ANALYZ+ A REM>KABLE PROPOSITION ( ,OTTO ,JESP]S51 ! GRAMM>IAN4 ,HE %[S ?AT1 CONTR>Y TO EXPECTATION1 A *ILD DOES NOT LE>N HIS MO!R TONGUE AT HOME FROM HIS MO!R & IMM$IATE FAMILY1 HE DOES NOT PICK UP !IR ACC5T4 ,! ACC5T1 VOCABUL>Y1 SYNTAX1 & /YLE ?AT =M HIS SPEE* >E LE>N$ FROM HIS FIR/ PE] GR\PS1 \TSIDE ! HOME4 ,JESP]S5 DOES NOT EXPLA9 IT1 BUT ! PSY*OLOGY SEEMS EVID5T4 ,SPEE* OCCURS AT ! /AGE ( ! DEVELOP+ ( ! 0,I10 IT IS A =M+ ( ! IMAGE ( ! SELF1 IT IS A SELF-APPO9TM5T TO ONE'S IDEAL & PUTT+ ON ITS UNI=M4 ,*ANGES OCCUR AS WE APPO9T \RSELVES TO ONE PE] GR\P AFT] ANO!R4 ,AT A C]TA9 /AGE A LAD APPO9TS HIMSELF OR COMMITS HIMSELF TO A B& ( FRI5DS & PUTS ON ITS J>GON1 JACKET1 TATTOO1 & MASCUL9E R+ ON ! F\R? F+] ( ! LEFT H&4 ,IF HE IS 9SECURE & DI/URB$1 ?IS CON=MITY IS A C[]+ PROTECTION & ! B& IS A DEL9QU5T GANG1 BUT 9 EV]Y CASE IT IS ALSO1 WE SEE BY ! BLAZON1 AN A*IEVEM5T4 ,& ONE WAY 9 :I* ! ,GOV]NOR ( ,NEW ,YORK DOES NOT TAKE ! JUV5ILES S]I\SLY1 :5 HE SPEAKS ( GIV+ !M A S5SE ( BELONG+1 IS ?AT HE DOES NOT (F] AN IDEAL ?AT PROMISES EQUAL MANL9ESS4 ,HE HAS NONE TO (F]4 

,IT IS TRAGIC :5 !RE IS NO GREAT ADULT PE] GR\P TO MEET GR[?4 ,CONSID] ! CASE ( AN >TI/1 MY [N CASE4 ,TO HAVE SIMPLE & S\ND+ LANGUAGE1 RA!R ?AN M]ELY ! LOVELY COLLOQUIALISM ( ,%]WOOD ,&]SON OR ,WILLIAM ,C>LOS ,WILLIAMS1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO BELIEVE 9 ! GREAT NATIONAL CULTURE ( ONE'S PEOPLE4 ,\R POPUL> CULTURE DOES NOT W>RANT ! BELIEF1 EV5 TO MAKE ! SACRIFICE ?AT ,VIRGIL MADE :5 HE SADLY GAVE UP HIS BE/ VISION BECAUSE /RIFE-TORN ,ROME NE$$ A NATIONAL POET4 ,TRUE1 AN >TI/ CAN !N JUMP TO ! 9T]NATIONAL & UNIV]SAL1 = MANK9D & ,GOD DO NOT LET HIM D[N 7MANK9D IS ! FELL[ ON ONE'S [N BLOCK71 BUT ?IS IS AT ! LOSS ( POMP & GLITT]1 ( ! GLANC+ PRES5T4 ,)\T A PATRIOTIC PE] GR\P1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO HAVE ! BRILLIANCE ( ,H&EL1 ! MAT]IAL GR&EUR ( ,V5ICE4 ,) US ! /YLE ( ! BIG BRI<T S5SATION BELONGS TO *EAP MUSICAL DRAMAS ON ,BROADWAY4 

#b4 

  

,! >EA ( PATRIOTISM IS 9T]M$IATE BETWE5 *ILDHOOD & ADUL?OOD4 ,WE MU/ DELIMIT IT C>EFULLY OR WE PLAY 9TO ! H&S ( FOOLS & ROGUES :O HAVE DONE \R C\NTRY PL5TY ( DAMAGE4 

,TO :AT CAN WE CORRECTLY ATTA* ! ADJECTIVE 0,AM]ICAN08 ,!RE IS NO 0,AM]ICAN0 ANIMAL1 SEXUAL1 OR PRIM>Y FAMILY LIFE4 ,! IDEA ( ,AM]ICAN *ILD-RE>+ OR ,AM]ICAN M$IC9E IS IDIOTIC1 & ! ?\<T ( AN 0,AM]ICAN FAMILY0 IS ABOM9ABLE4 ,AT ! FUR!R EXTREME1 !RE IS NO 0,AM]ICAN0 UNIV]SITY1 0,AM]ICAN0 SCI5CE1 RELIGION1 OR PEACE4 ,9 ONLY AN EQUIVOCAL S5SE IS !RE AN 0,AM]ICAN0 >T3 ! SUBJECT MATT] MAY BE ,AM]ICAN1 BUT ! >T IS 9T]NATIONAL & ! AIM IS UNIV]SAL4 

,9 BETWE51 H[EV]1 !RE IS AN ,AM]ICAN L&SCAPE1 AN ,AM]ICAN PRIM>Y & SECOND>Y $UCATION1 AN ,AM]ICAN CLASSLESSNESS1 AN ,AM]ICAN ,CON/ITUTION1 AN ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN LANGUAGE1 & AN ,AM]ICAN K9D ( 5T]PRIS+4 ,?AT IS1 JU/ :]E A *ILD V5TURES FROM HOME & GR[S UP ?R\< ADOLESC5CE1 ! GREAT 5VIRONM5T BECOMES HIS SC5E1 & ?IS IS ,AM]ICAN1 A *>ACT]I/IC GEOGRAPHY & HI/ORY1 PLACE & COMMUNITY4 ,IT IS JU/ 9 GR[+ UP1 :I* IS ! SUBJECT ( ?IS BOOK1 ?AT A PATRIOTIC OPPORTUNITY IS ESS5TIAL4 ,IT IS JU/ ?IS OPPORTUNITY ?AT1 = +5U\S Y\?1 IS CORRUPT$4 ,& SO IT IS H>D TO GR[ UP4 

,LET US BE QUITE CLE> :AT ?IS ,AM]ICAN L&SCAPE & COMMUNITY IS4 ,I QUOTE FROM A REC5T ISSUE ( ,LIFE3  
  

.<,TE5-AG]S.> [N #a MILLION PHONOGRAPHS1 OV] A MILLION ,T,V SETS1 #ac MILLION CAM]AS4 ,C\NT+ ONLY :AT IS SP5T TO SATISFY !IR SPECIAL TE5-AGE DEM&S1 ! Y\NG/]S & !IR P>5TS WILL %ELL \T AB\T @s#a BILLION ?IS YE>1 A BILLION MORE ?AN ! TOTAL SALES ( ,G,M4 ,UNTIL REC5TLY BUS9ESSM5 HAVE L>GELY IGNOR$ ! TE5-AGE M>KET4 ,BUT N[ !Y >E SP5D+ MILLIONS ON ADV]TIS+ & RAZZLE-DAZZLE PROMOTIONAL /UNTS 7RI<T74 ,IF P>5TS HAVE ANY IDEA ( ORGANIZ$ REVOLT1 IT IS ALREADY TOO LATE4 ,TE5-AGE SP5D+ IS SO IMPORTANT ?AT SU* ACTION W\LD S5D QUIV]S ?R\< ! 5TIRE NATIONAL ECONOMY4  
  

,?IS IS A DESCRIPTION ( ! L&SCAPE1 & ! PROSE ( ,LIFE IS P>T ( ! L&SCAPE4 

#c4 

  

,EQUAL TO \R BUS9ESSM51 \R GOV]NM5T & PUBLIC SPOKESM5 HAVE A KNACK = DEBAS+ ! NOBLE & MAK+ ! EXCELL5T TRIVIAL4 ,! CURR5T DISEASE IS TO MAKE ,COLD ,W> CAPITAL \T ( EV]Y?+1 NO MATT] :AT4 ,WE CANNOT D$ICATE A BUILD+ ( ,FRANK ,LLOYD ,WRI<T'S 9 ,NEW ,YORK )\T \R ,AMBASSADOR TO ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS PO9T+ \T ?AT SU* AN >*ITECT C\LD NOT HAVE FL\RI%$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS IS TA/ELESS2 ! MATT] BECOMES S]I\S :5 \R FRE$OMS >E 9VOLV$4 

,NOT LONG AGO !RE WAS A GREAT TO-DO AB\T ! ,RUSSIAN C5SOR%IP ( ,PA/]NAK'S ,DR4 ,ZHIVAGO4 ,! $ITORIALS & ! RHETORIC ( ORGANIZ$ FRI5DS ( CULTURE KEPT REPEAT+ FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 FRE$OM ( CULTURE4 7,Y\ W\LD ?9K ?AT WE DID NOT HAVE \R [N MEANS ( C5SOR+1 BY COMM]CIAL SELECTION & BY SWAMP+47 ,BUT ! \TCRY AB\T ,PA/]NAK WAS NOT S9C]E1 IT WAS PROPAG&A 9 ! ,COLD ,W>4 ,9 ! SAME YE>1 = 9/ANCE1 ! ,>*BI%OP ( ,DUBL9 EFFECTUALLY BANN$ ! SPR+ !AT] FE/IVAL BECAUSE ( PLAYS ( ,O',CASEY & ,JOYCE4 7,HE REFUS$ TO SAY ! FE/IVAL ,MASS IF ?OSE PLAYS W]E TO BE GIV54 ,! DIRECTOR !N CANCEL$ ! PLAYS4 ,BUT ! ACTORS MANFULLY /RUCK & W\LD NOT PLAY AT ALL1 & ?IS RESULT$ 9 AN IMPORTANT LOSS ( T\RI/ REV5UE4 ,SU* ADMIRABLE BEHAVIOR IS 9CONCEIVABLE 9 MY C\NTRY47 ,ON ?IS !ME1 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES RAN NO $ITORIALS1 NO1 NOR ! ,NEW ,YORK ,H]ALD ,TRIBUNE4 ,= WE >E NOT AT COLD W> ) ! ,CA?OLIC HI]>*Y4 7,I WROTE A LETT] TO ! ,TIMES ASK+ ?AT ?IS & ,ZHIVAGO BE C\PL$ = M5TION1 BUT NO ONE WAS 9T]E/$47 ,BUT SU* BEHAVIOR IS PATRIOTICALLY DISA/R\S2 IT TEA*ES ?AT \R SPOKESM5 >E NOT E>NE/2 !Y PICK & *OOSE :5 TO /& UP = FRE$OM ( ?\<T4 ,H[ !N CAN A BOY BE PR\D8 7,BUT TO BE SURE1 WE HAVE LITTLE SU* FRE$OM1 COMP>$ ) ! ,BRITI%1 = \R MASS M$IA >E NOT1 LIKE !IRS1 OP5 TO FUNDAM5TAL CONTROV]SY4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+1 !RE=E1 ?AT = ,5GLI% ,ANGRY ,Y\NG ,M5 AN IMPORTANT TOPIC IS !IR \TRAG$ PATRIOTISM1 :]EAS \R ,BEATS DO NOT C>E AB\T ?AT47 

#d4 

  

,CONSID] ! BEHAVIOR ( \R PR(ESSORS & UNIV]SITIES DUR+ ! ,DIES1 ,MC,C>?Y & ,FE9B]G ,LAW 9VE/IGATIONS4 ,IT IS H>D TO SAY :I* SET ! WORSE EXAMPLE TO ! /UD5TS DUR+ ?OSE HE>+S3 ! ,COMMUNI/ PR(ESSORS FE>FUL = !IR JOBS1 OR ! COLLEGES ?AT--) MAGNIFIC5T EXCEPTIONS1 LIKE ,H>V>D--SUP9ELY RECEIV$ ! 9VE/IGATORS4 ,A MONUM5TAL BLUND] WAS BE+ MADE--:I* DID US DESP]ATE DAMAGE AMONG ?\<TFUL ,EUROPEANS--& \R PR(ESSORS %IV]$ 9 !IR BOOTS & \R 0RADICALS0 HID LIKE ROA*ES4 7,CF4 ,APP5DIX ,D47 ,! IMPORTANT ?+ IS NOT :I* GR\P BETRAYS ! IDEAL 9 ANY P>TICUL> CASE1 BUT ?AT Y\NG PEOPLE BECOME CYNICAL AB\T POLITICAL ACTION & RESIGN$ AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( MAK+ A *ANGE4 ,FOLL[+ A P>TY L9E1 ,COMMUNI/ TEA*]S1 E4G41 AT ,NEW ,YORK'S ,CITY ,COLLEGE1 D5I$ !IR MEMB]%IP4 ,?IS WAS A DISA/R\S BETRAYAL ( ! /UD5TS4 ,NOT ?AT IT IS WRONG TO AVOID 9SOL5T =CE ) FRAUD1 BUT ?AT Y\NG /UD5TS CAN GR[ ONLY BY POLITICALLY AFFIRM+ !MSELVES4 ,) ! Y\NG1 HONOR IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN TACTICS OR EV5 ?AN PRUD5CE4 ,LEAD]S ( Y\? MU/ BE KNI<TLY--A GRISLY ID5TITY1 BUT !RE IT IS4 

,WE HAVE N[ PASS$ ?R\< A DECADE 9 :I* ! /UD5TS 9 \R COLLEGES %[$ A POLITICAL APA?Y PROBABLY UNEXAMPL$ 9 /UD5T HI/ORY4 ,SEV]AL CAUSES HAVE CONSPIR$ TO IT4 ,FIR/1 SIMPLE %ELL %OCK3 ! W> & ! ATOM BOMB >\S$ SU* DEEP ANXIETY ?AT ! ONLY DEF5SE AGA9/ IT WAS CONV5TIONALITY4 7,I REMEMB] LECTUR+ ON ,KAFKA 9 #aidh TO A HALL ( COLLEGIANS CONSI/+ L>GELY ( VET]ANS ON ! ,G4,I4 BILL1 & !Y FRANTICALLY PROTE/$ ?AT ,KAFKA WAS PSY*OTIC & %\LD BE PAID NO ATT5TION1 HE HAD NO RELATION TO REALITY--!Y :O HAD LIV$ ?R\< SOME ( ! ,TRIAL & W]E EV5 !N ROAM+ UND] ! ,CA/LE67 

,SECONDLY1 ! /UD5TS HAVE BE5 S$UC$ BY BUS9ESS FIRMS1 :I* TEMPT & REW>D !M = CON=MITY2 BUT AS ,W4 ,H4 ,:YTE1 ,JR4 PO9TS \T1 !Y >E EAG] TO CON=M EV5 BE=E !Y >E PAID4 ,CORRESPOND+LY1 9 ITS APPEAL TO L[]-CLASS BOYS1 ! ,>MY HAS F\ND IT WISE TO ACCEPT ! /IRR+ SLOGAN1 0,RETIRE AT #c#g40 ,IF Y\ QUE/ION A BOY DRAFTEE :O HAS RE-5LI/$1 HE WILL EXPLA9 ?AT IT IS A 0GOOD DEAL40 ,?AT IS1 ! ,>MY HAS BECOME ! ,I,B,M ( ! POOR BOY4 

,BUT F9ALLY1 IS !RE ANY D\BT ?AT AN IMPORTANT CAUSE ( ! PRES5T POLITICAL APA?Y ( ! Y\NG IS ! DI%ONORABLE RADICAL LEAD]%IP ?AT !Y HAD 9 ! ,?IRTIES & ,=TIES8 ,!Y N[ BELIEVE ?AT ALL POLITICAL ?9K+ IS A SELL--JU/ AS ?OSE BRI<T ,CA?OLIC LADS :O /OP BELIEV+ ! SUP]/ITIONS ( S*OLA/ICISM N[ BELIEVE ?AT ALL PHILOSOPHY IS AN 9TRICATE FRAUD1 9CLUD+ ! TRU?S ( S*OLA/ICISM4 

,?IS HIP/] SKEPTICISM IS P]VASIVE4 ,IT IS P>TLY1 ( C\RSE1 RESIGNATION ?AT A REVOLUTION HAS FAIL$ & ! WAY IS TOO ?ORNY2 BUT /UD5TS >E USUALLY MORE RESILI5T4 ,I ?9K ?AT A MORE IMPORTANT FACTOR IS DISGU/ ?AT ! RADICALS W]E NOT BONA FIDE2 ! /UD5TS W]E HAD4 ,BUT ALSO1 ,I FE>1 IT IS CYNICAL SUP]IORITY1 AN ID5TIFICATION ) EI!R ! FRAUDUL5T OR ! P[]FUL4 

,I REF]R$ ABOVE TO ! SIMIL>ITY BETWE5 SOME ( ! ,COMMUNI/S & Y\NG ,ORGANIZATION ,M5 TODAY1 9 !IR LU/ = CONTROL AP>T FROM ANY OBJECTIVE GOOD &1 MORE DEEPLY1 9 !IR USE ( AN ORGANIZ$ P[]-SY/EM 9 ORD] TO MAKE ! +5U\S & WOR?Y NOT EXI/4 ,9 ! ,?IRTIES IT CAME AB\T ?AT ,COMMUNI/S HAD HI< /ATUS 9 ,HOLLYWOOD & SOME:AT 9 PUBLI%+1 SO ! TWO K9DS ( ORGANIZ$ SY/EMS WORK$ 9 ! SAME (FICES--NOR DO ,I D\BT ?AT MANY ( ! REF9EM5TS ( PRES5T-DAY ORGANIZATION LIFE W]E LE>N$ DUR+ ?IS COHABITATION4 ,BUT IT HAS REMA9$ = \R [N DECADE TO 5JOY ! BRUTAL COM$Y ( ,MC,C>?Y & ! ,F,B,I 9VE/IGAT+ ! ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,HOLLYWOOD1 SO WE HAD ON ONE /AGE ! ?REE MO/ CYNICAL TRIBES 9 ! C\NTRY4 

,BUT LET US GO BACK TO MORE SIMPLE IGNOBILITY4 

#e4 

  

,C]TA9LY ! MO/ ?RILL+ & ROMANTIC HAPP5+ ( !SE YE>S IS ! ADV5TURE 9 SPACE1 SURPASS+ 9 PROMISE ! VOYAGES ( ! FIFTE5? & SIXTE5? C5TURIES4 ,?IS ADV5TURE MAKES LIFE WOR? ! TR\BLE AGA94 ,:5 ! ,RUSSIANS BEAT US \T1 WE >E MIFF$ BUT WE CAN BE PR\D ?AT !SE EXPLOITS HAVE BE5 P]=M$ BY M5 & MAN IS GREAT2 ,COP]NICUS WAS A ,POLE1 ,GALILEO AN ,ITALIAN1 ,KEPL] A ,G]MAN1 ,NEWTON AN ,5GLI%MAN--& ! ROCKETS W]E ,*9ESE2 & WE HOPE ?AT WE %ALL W9 ! NEXT R\ND1 = IT BELONGS TO ,AM]ICA TO A*IEVE FIR/ 9 ?IS K9D ( 5T]PRISE4 ,! EXP]IM5TS >E EXP5SIVE1 BUT IT SEEMS MEAN-SPIRIT$ TO QUE/ION ! APPROPRIATIONS & FEW HAVE DONE SO4 ,SO F>1 GR&4 ,BUT N[ WE HAVE CORRUPT$ EV5 ! EXPLORATION ( SPACE 9TO ! ,COLD ,W>4 ,AGA9/ AN AGREEM5T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,GEOPHYSICAL ,YE>1 WE1 LIKE ! ,RUSSIANS1 )HELD ! WAVE L5G? ( A SATELLITE = /RATEGIC REASONS4 7,I WAS A%AM$ & AGA9 ,I WROTE DUTIFULLY TO ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 BUT !Y AGA9 HAD NO SPACE = SU* AN ODD WAY ( VIEW+ ! NEWS47 ,NEXT1 WE C>RI$ \T A SECRET NUCLE> EXP]IM5T 9 ! IONOSPH]E1 & ?IS ONE WAS KEPT SECRET NOT FROM ! ,RUSSIANS = MILIT>Y REASONS1 BUT FROM ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 BECAUSE ( POSSIBLE OBJECTIONS TO ! FALL-\T4 ,! ,TIMES KEPT ! SECRET TILL ! ,RUSSIANS W]E AB\T TO PUBLI% IT1 EXPLA9+ 7,M>* #a#i1 #a#i#e#i71 ?AT 0IT HAD LE>N$ ( ! PLANS = ,PROJECT ,>GUS LA/ SUMM]1 SOME WEEKS BE=E IT TOOK PLACE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 SCI5TI/S ASSOCIAT$ ) ! GOV]NM5T SAID !Y FE>$ ?AT PRIOR ANN\NCEM5T ( ! EXP]IM5T MI<T LEAD TO PROTE/S ?AT W\LD =CE ITS CANCELLATION40 ,A4 ,J4 ,MU/E1 AN $ITOR ( ,LIB]ATION MAGAZ9E1 ASK$ !M = AN APOLOGY = ?IS UNEXAMPL$ BETRAYAL ( J\RNALI/IC RESPONSIBILITY1 & GOT ! A/\ND+ REPLY3  
  

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT Y\ >E SUGGE/+ ?AT ! ,TIMES 5D] ! PROPAG&A FIELD &1 9 EFFECT1 SET ITS JUDGM5T ABOVE ?AT ( MILIT>Y M5 & SCI5TI/S AS TO :AT CAN BE PUBLI%$4444 ,AFT] ALL1 ! ,TIMES IS A RESPONSIBLE NEWSPAP]4 .<66.> .<,ROB]T ,G>/1 ,ASSI/ANT ,MANAG+ ,$ITOR4 ,9 ,LIB]ATION1 ,MAY1 #a#i#e#i4.>  
  

,BUT :AT IS ! EFFECT ON \R PEOPLE :5 WE >E TOLD ?AT \R *IEF NEWSPAP] DOES NOT PR9T ! NEWS8 ,CON/ITUTIONALLY1 = 9/ANCE1 H[ 9 A DEMOCRACY DO !Y !N DES]VE !IR MAIL+ PRIVILEGES1 TO CIRCULATE !IR (FICIAL PRESS RELEASES & ADV]TISEM5TS = DEP>TM5T /ORES8 .<,! PURPOSE ( SECOND-CLASS MAIL IS TO CIRCULATE 9=MATION4.> ,:5 ,MU/E WROTE A LETT] = PUBLICATION AB\T ! ,TIMES' H&L+ ( ! /ORY1 ! ,TIMES F\ND NO SPACE = ?AT LETT]4 

,BUT TO MY M9D1 EV5 MORE IMPORTANT IS ! EFFECT ( CUTT+ PEOPLE (F FROM ! ADV5TURE ( SCI5CE1 NO MATT] :AT ! RISKS4 ,:AT AN ILLIB]AL & DI%ONORABLE POLICY TO PURSUE6 ,\R GOV]NM5T CANNOT SEE ?AT NOBLE ?+S MU/ NOT BE MADE BASE1 ROMANCE MU/ NOT BE TURN$ 9TO DISILLUSION1 OR :AT WILL BECOME ( ! Y\NG PEOPLE8 ,TAKE ANO!R EXAMPLE4 ,?IS GLORI\S 5T]PRISE ( SPACE6 ,& N[ WE HAVE *OS5 SEV5 A/RONAUTS = SPECIAL TRA9+4 ,BUT ! NEMESIS ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM HAUNTS US4 ,ALL PROVE TO BE :ITE ,PROTE/ANT1 9 !IR E>LY OR MIDDLE ?IRTIES1 M>RI$1 ) SMALL *ILDR51 & COM+ FROM SMALL T[NS--9 BRIEF1 MODELS ( SALESM5 OR JUNIOR EXECUTIVES = ,9T]NATIONAL ,BUS9ESS ,MA*9ES4 ,& !SE SEV5 HAVE N[ MADE A SOLEMN PACT1 REPORT$ 9 ! PRESS1 ?AT :I*EV] ONE GOES AL(T WILL SPLIT EV5LY ) ! O!RS HIS TAKE FROM SYNDICAT$ /ORIES & ,T,V APPE>ANCES4 ,CONC]N+ !M1 ,DR4 ,GEORGE ,RUFF1 ! ,AIR ,=CE PSY*IATRI/ :O TE/$ !M1 HAS EXPLA9$1 0,KN[+ ! QUALITIES ?AT MADE !M ?IS WAY1 & WORK+ H>D AT APPLY+ ?OSE QUALITIES 9 Y\R DAILY LIFE1 CAN HELP Y\ .<TOO.> TO COME CLOS] TO A*IEV+ :AT !Y HAVE BECOME3 COM=TABLE1 MATURE1 & WELL-9TEGRAT$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IT'S A WOR?-:ILE GOAL40 

,( C\RSE1 BY ?IS WRIT+ 7,JUNE #a#i#f71 IT IS COMMONLY ACCEPT$ ?AT \R NEW ,MIDAS SATELLITE HAS ! FUNCTION ( ESPIONAGE4 ,BUT IT HAS REMA9$ = A PROP] SCI5TI/ TO HIT ! BOTTOM3 ! PR(ESSOR :O HAS ADVIS$ US NOT TO REPLY TO ANY SIGNALS WE MI<T RECEIVE FROM \T] SPACE1 BECAUSE ! A/RAL BE+S >E LIKELY TO BE TE*NICALLY MORE ADVANC$ ?AN WE & !Y WILL COME D[N & EAT US UP4 ,?IS PROJECTION ( ! ,COLD ,W> 9TO ! />RY VAULT WAS FAVORABLY REPORT$ BY ! SCI5CE $ITOR ( ! ,H]ALD ,TRIBUNE4 

#f4 

  

,9 ! TIME ( ,WA%+TON1 ! PUBLIC M5--,ADAMS1 ,JEFF]SON1 ,MADISON1 ,M>%ALL1 ,H5RY1 ,FRANKL91 ,HAMILTON1 ,JAY--W]E A FAIR SAMPL+ ( ! GOOD SPIRITS 9 ! C\NTRY1 HUMANE1 LIT]ATE1 BRAVE1 NOT SELF-SEEK+4 7,!RE IS A REM>KABLE LETT] ( ,JEFF]SON'S TO ,DAVID ,RITT5H\SE1 URG+ HIM TO WA/E NO MORE TIME 9 M]E POLITICS1 = ! WORLD NE$$ HIM MORE 9 HIS CAPACITY AS A SCI5TI/47 ,BY & L>GE1 IT C\LD NOT BE SAID ( \R PRESID5TS & GOV]NORS AT PRES5T1 ! SYMBOLS ( ! C\NTRY1 ?AT !Y >E A FAIR SAMPL+ ( ! BE/ ( US4 ,IT W\LD NOT BE DIFFICULT TO MAKE A LI/ ( A HUNDR$1 OR TWO HUNDR$1 :O >E SUP]IOR TO !M 9 EV]Y RELEVANT WAY1 9 :OM A BOY C\LD FEEL PRIDE & TRU/4 

,( C\RSE ?IS IS NOT A NEW TR\BLE AMONG US4 ,JU/ AS ! ,EUROPEAN WRIT]S ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY IDOLIZ$ \R /ATESM5 AS IF !Y W]E DEMIGODS1 SO 9 ! N9ETE5? !Y SPOKE ( !IR 9F]IORITY4 ,?IS IS ! CONSEQU5CE ( ANO!R MISS$ REVOLUTION1 ! DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION4 ,A MAN ( S5SE OBVI\SLY CANNOT WA/E HIS LIFE LE>N+ TO SUE TO AN IGNORANT ELECTORATE & COM+ UP ?R\< POLITICAL RANKS 9 :I* DIS9T]E/$NESS & PURE CONVICTIONS >E NOT ! MO/ H&Y VIRTUES1 ,YET ! FAULT IS NOT ) DEMOCRACY1 BUT ?AT WE HAVE FAIL$ TO HAVE 5\< ( IT4 ,= 9/ANCE1 IF \R EMPHASIS HAD BE5 ON P]FECT+ ! T[N MEET+ & ! NEI<BORHOOD COMMUNE1 !RE W\LD NOT BE IGNORANT ELECTORS & !Y W\LD *OOSE GREAT (FIC]S4 ,IF PEOPLE HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO 9ITIATE COMMUNITY ACTIONS1 !Y W\LD BE POLITICAL2 !Y W\LD KN[ ?AT F9ALLY ! WAY TO ACCOMPLI% SOME?+ GREAT IS TO GET TOGE!R ) ! LIKE-M9D$ & DIRECTLY DO IT4 

,BUT ! M5 9 P[] DO NOT ?9K POLITICALLY EI!R4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ?IS YE> WE HAVE HAD ! USUAL SPECTACLE ( POLITICIANS GO+ AB\T ! C\NTRY LOOK+ = NOM9ATORS = ! ,PRESID5CY1 PRESUMABLY 7:Y ELSE87 BECAUSE !Y HAVE IMPORTANT NEW PROGRAMS TO (F]4 ,BUT AS SOON AS IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT ! C\NTY LEAD]S ( ! P>TY DO NOT WANT !M1 !Y RETIRE FROM ! RACE & RALLY TO ELECT :OMEV]4 ,:AT BECOMES ( ! PROGRAMS8 ,S9CE ?IS IS :AT POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY MEANS TO A POLITICIAN1 :Y %\LD ! ELECTORATE RESPECT POLITICS1 & H[ C\LD AN HONE/ BOY BE 9SPIR$ TO 5T] ON SU* A C>E]8 

,9 A REC5T ESSAY1 ! HI/ORIAN ,H5RY ,/EELE ,COMMAG] ASKS H[ IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT WE HAVE AN ABSOLUTE DE>? ( /ATESM5 AT PRES5T 9 ,AM]ICA 7HE CANNOT ?9K ( ONE74 ,*>ACT]I/ICALLY1 WE HAVE AN IMM5SE AM\NT ( =MAL TRA9+ 9 FL\RI%+ 9/ITUTES = PUBLIC ADM9I/RATION AT ,H>V>D1 ,PR9CETON1 ,SYRACUSE1 ,TUFTS1 ETC41 AS IF WE C\LD GET ! ?+ BY LE>N+ ! ROLE4 ,COMMAG] S5SIBLY CONCLUDES ?AT ?AT TRA9+ DOES NOT BEG9 E>LY 5\< & IT LACKS ! CONT5T ( ACTUAL EXP]I5CE4 ,! 5VIRONM5T DOES NOT 5C\RAGE PUBLIC S]VICE1 IT DOES NOT E/EEM PUBLIC GOODS4 ,FEW FA!RS GIVE MU* ?\<T TO ! DI/ANT G5]ATIONS ( PO/]ITY1 & *ILDR5 DO NOT TAKE FIRE 9 READ+ AB\T ! GREAT M5 ( HI/ORY & ?9K+ 0,:Y NOT ,I80 AS A PLAUSIBLE PURPOSE4 ,& F9ALLY1 SAYS ,COMMAG]1 ! N>R[ *AUV9ISM & 5]GETIC HO/ILITY TO SUBV]SIVE IDEAS ?AT >E N[ ! TE/ ( \R POLITICIANS >E PRECISELY DISA/R\S TO PATRIOTISM1 = ?AT MU/ BE SPACI\S1 DIS9T]E/$1 & BROAD-BAS$1 O!RWISE IT IS 9TOL]ABLE FOOLI%NESS4 ,LET ME QUOTE A F9E PASSAGE3  
  

,! M5 :O WON \R 9DEP5D5CE & LAID ! F\NDATIONS ( ! ,AM]ICAN NATION W]E DEVOT$ PATRIOTS BUT !Y W]E1 TOO1 M5 ( ! WORLD4 ,!Y W]E *ILDR5 ( ! 5LI<T5M5T4 ,REASON TAU<T !M ?AT ALL M5 W]E BRO!RS1 ?AT PURELY NATIONAL DI/9CTIONS W]E >TIFICIAL1 ?AT !RE EXI/$ A GREAT COMMUNITY ( >TS & LETT]S & PHILOSOPHY & SCI5CE CUTT+ ACROSS & TRANSC5D+ M]E NATIONAL B\ND>IES4444 ,! NATIONALISM ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY DID NOT RE/ ON A N>R[ BASE BUT ON A BROAD ONE4 ,IT DID NOT F9D N\RI%M5T 9 FE> & SUSPICION BUT 9 FAI? & CONFID5CE4 ,P]HAPS ONE REASON = ! DECL9E 9 /ATESMAN%IP IS ?AT WE HAVE HEMM$ \R POT5TIAL /ATESM5 91 WE HAVE D5I$ !M TOL]ANT & SPACI\S IDEAS4  
  

,AS IT IS1 :AT MU/ BE ! EFFECT ON A BOY :5 HE COMES TO REALIZE ?AT ! PUBLIC SPOKESMAN UP !RE IS NOT EV5 SPEAK+ HIS [N WORDS1 BUT REPEAT+1 LIKE A P]=M]1 SOME?+ WRITT5 = HIM BY A /AFF FROM ,MADISON ,AV5UE8 ,! BOY MU/ LE>N TO %\T1 0,%AME6 MAKE Y\R [N SPEE* AT LEA/60 

,\R PRES5T ,PRESID5T 7,MR4 ,EIS5H[]7 IS AN UNUSUALLY UNCULTIVAT$ MAN4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT HE HAS 9VIT$ NO REAL WRIT]1 NO >TI/1 NO PHILOSOPH] TO ! ,:ITE ,H\SE4 ,PRESUMABLY HE HAS NO 9TELLECTUAL FRI5DS2 ?AT IS HIS PRIVILEGE4 ,BUT REC5TLY HE 9VIT$ ! *IEF ( ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T TO A BANQUET & MUSICALE4 ,& ! =MAL MUSIC ( ?AT MUSICALE WAS PROVID$ BY A ,F]D ,W>+ B& PLAY+ 0,OH1 ,:AT A ,BEAUTIFUL ,MORN+0 & SU* O!R NUMB]S4 ,?IS IS DISGRACEFUL4 

#g4 

  

,! ,AM]ICAN L&SCAPE HAS BE5 BADLY CORRUPT$4 ,EUROPEAN WRIT]S NO LONG] EV5 NOTICE ! NATURAL WOND] ( IT1 !Y >E SO PUT (F BY ! UGL9ESS & CON=MITY ( ! T[NS4 ,BUT WORSE ?AN ! UGL9ESS & CON=MITY IS ! NEGLECT ?AT BAFFLES PRIDE ( PLACE4 ,\R POETS TRY TO MOVE !MSELVES BY NO/ALGICALLY REPEAT+ ! NAMES ( T[NS3 0,BILOXI & ,NAT*EZ1 ,PASCAG\LA & ,OPEL\SAS0--BUT BEW>E ( PAY+ A VISIT4 

,! ,AM]ICANS DISE/EEM PUBLIC GOODS1 & IMPROV+ ! L&SCAPE IS A BIG EXP5SE4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 ! NEGLECT ( APPE>ANCE & PLAN ( \R SCORES ( ?\S&S ( VILLAGES & SMALL T[NS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,WE/ & ,S\?--! D9]1 ! ,WOOLWOR?'S1 & TWO FILL+ /ATIONS--CAN BE ANALOGIZ$ TO ! NEGLECT ( ! PRES5T-DAY POOR4 ,9 ! TIDE ( EXPANSION1 APPE>ANCE WAS DISREG>D$ AS NOT ESS5TIAL2 LAT]1 ! MATT] W\LD BE MOPP$ UP4 ,BUT ! NEGLECT RIGIDIFIES1 IT IS A H>D CORE NOT EASY TO *ANGE4 

,9/EAD1 ! PRES5T T5D5CY IS TO IMPOSE ON ! C\NTRYSIDE A NEW CORPORATION /YLE ALTOGE!R1 9 ! =M ( %OPP+ C5T]S 7"7NATIONAL *A9 SUP]M>KETS7 ON ! HI<WAY4 ,?IS WORKS \T DISA/R\SLY = ! COMMUNITIES1 = !SE 0C5T]S0 >E NOT C5T]S ( VILLAGES1 & !RE CEASE TO BE VILLAGES AT ALL1 SIMPLY SCATT]$ FAMILY H\SES4 ,?IS IS ! 5D ( A LONG PROCESS ( DISRUPTION1 = 9 ANY CASE ! 9DU/RY IS GONE1 ! M5 WORK 9 PLANTS ?IRTY MILES AWAY4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO TRAVEL MANY MILES EV5 9 ,NEW ,5GL& & NOT SEE A S+LE ACTIVITY A MAN C\LD MAKE A LIV+ AT1 EXCEPT AUTOMOBILE AG5CIES & FILL+ /ATIONS2 NOT EV5 A FOOD /ORE4 ,! S*OOLS TOO >E L>GE & C5TRALIZ$4 ,! FAMILIES T5D TO MOVE AWAY FREQU5TLY1 BUT EV5 :ILE !Y >E PUT1 !Y >E DRIV+ >\ND4 ,?IS DOES NOT MAKE MU* COMMUNITY TO GR[ UP 94 

,9 MORE PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES1 A *IEF COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IS WORK+ TOGE!R1 ?AT*+ A RO(1 NET FI%+4 ,BUT ) US1 PRECISELY ?IS COOP]ATIVE LABOR1 = 9/ANCE ! WORK 9 A FACTORY1 IS REMOV$ FROM ITS COMMUNITY SETT+ & EMPTI$1 BY ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 ( ANY COMMUNITY SPIRIT4 

,PLACES ?AT HAVE NO %APE HAVE NO FACE-TO-FACE FUNCTION+1 = ! %APE IS ! FUNCTION+ COMMUNITY4 ,! LOVEL9ESS ( SO MANY HAMLETS 9 ,EUROPE IS ?AT !Y HAVE %APE & >E BUILT ( LOCAL MAT]IALS BY LOCAL CRAFT4 ,P]HAPS ! PEOPLE HAD TO CLU/] TO ATT5D E>LY MASSES4 ,9 ,IREL&1 :]E !Y F>M \T ! BACK DOOR1 ! R[S ( ?AT*$ H\SES L9E BO? SIDES ( A LITTLE /REET4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 :]E M5 GO (F TO !IR F>MS1 !RE MAY BE A SQU>E4 ,9 \R [N E>LY ,NEW ,5GL& VILLAGES1 :]E CONGREGATIONAL & POLITICAL SPIRIT WAS /RONG1 !RE WAS A COMMON GRE5 ) PUBLIC BUILD+S1 ?\< ! FAMILIES LIV$ SCATT]$ ON ! F>MS !Y WORK$4 ,!RE WAS ! %APE ( A COMMUNITY1 ) ITS ECONOMY1 ITS CRAFTS1 & ITS IDEAS4 ,! ADVANTAGE ( GR[+ UP 9 SU* A COMMUNITY 9 ONE'S E>LY YE>S IS EVID5T4 ,IT IS NOT FAMILY SUP]VISION1 ON :I* ! PHYSICIANS ( JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY >E N[ LAY+ SU* /RESS2 QUITE ! CONTR>Y6 IT IS ?AT ! FAMILY DOES NOT HAVE TO BE> ! BURD5 ( TEA*+ ! CULTURE4 ,9 A COMMUNITY1 EV]YBODY KN[S ! *ILD FACE TO FACE4 ,!RE IS AN EASY GRAD+ ( OV]LAPP+ AGES1 RI<T UP TO ! ADULTS :O >E GO+ AB\T !IR BUS9ESS 9 A GO+ CONC]N1 & NOT PAY+ TOO MU* ATT5TION TO *ILDR54 ,A GOOD CITY NEI<BORHOOD WORKS 9 ! SAME WAY4 

,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 ! SW>M ( KIDS 9 A CITY H\S+ PROJECT =M A BETT] COMMUNITY ?AN PRES5T-DAY C\NTRY BOYS OR ! KIDS ON ,P>K ,AV5UE4 ,!RE=E !Y HAVE MORE LOCAL PATRIOTISM4 ,! BO!R ) ?IS COMMUNITY *A91 H[EV]1 IS ?AT IT T]M9ATES ABRUPTLY BE=E IT REA*ES ! ADULTS1 :O BELONG TO A DIFF]5T WORLD2 SO ! KIDS >E A GANG & ! LOCAL COMMUNITY SPIRIT TURNS 9TO LOYALTY TO A ,CODE2 IT DOES NOT EV5TUATE 9 ANY?+ SOCIALLY COHESIVE & CULTURALLY WOR? :ILE4 ,& SU* A GANG IS PRONE TO BE DEL9QU5T BECAUSE1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 9 SU* CONDITIONS IT IS ! =BIDD5 ?AT BE/ CEM5TS LOYALTY4 

,POLITICALLY1 A DEL9QU5T GANG IS NOT LAWLESS & NOT 9 ! /ATE ( NATURE4 ,BALK$ 9 ITS GR[?1 ! LOCAL LOYALTY TURNS ON ITSELF & SIMPLY RE9V5TS ! FEUD-CODE ( ,ALFR$ ! ,GREAT1 M>K+ \T SAFE T]RITORIES & MAK+ PROVISION = SPECIAL CLASSES ( REV5GE4 ,ON ?IS VIEW1 IF ONE TE5-AGE GANG1 PURSU+ ITS V5DETTA1 FALLS ON ANO!R & MURD]S A KID1 IT W\LD NOT BE \R BUS9ESS TO 9T]F]E 9 ! LAW ( ?AT DIFF]5TLY CON/ITUT$ SOCIETY4 ,ALSO1 LIKE ,DANES OR ,VIK+S ( ,ALFR$'S TIME1 !Y REG>D \R L>G] SOCIETY M]ELY AS A FIELD ( SPORT & PLUND]2 !Y HAVE NOT YET RE9V5T$ ,9T]NATIONAL ,LAW4 ,BUT WE1 ( C\RSE1 CANNOT VIEW IT SO1 = WE LIVE 9 AN ADVANC$ /ATE ( POLITICS & LAW3 !Y >E MEMB]S ( \R COMMUNITY4 ,WE >E NOT *ILDR5 BUT MORE EXP]I5C$ & SOME:AT WIS]1 & !RE=E RESPONSIBLE1 SO WE CANNOT SIMPLY ANNIHILATE !M LIKE PIRATES 7!Y >E SMALL 9 SIZE1 FEW 9 NUMB]S1 & >M$ ) PRIMITIVE WEAPONS72 & WE CANNOT LET !M HURT !MSELVES4 

7,I ?9K IT IS WISE SOMETIMES TO REG>D DISAFFECT$ GR\PS AS IF !RE W]E PLAUSIBLY !SE TWO VIEWPO9TS1 RIVAL PATRIOTISMS4 ,IT IS BETT] HUMANITY & IT MI<T MAKE BETT] LAW4 ,! ADVANTAGE IS ?AT IT TAKES ! DISAFFECT$ S]I\SLY AS DISAFFECT$1 RA!R ?AN M]ELY PA?OLOGICAL IT KEEPS 9 ! =EGR\ND ! QUE/ION ( ALLEGIANCE4 ,WE MU/ DES]VE ALLEGIANCE47 

#h4 

  

,BUT !Y >E *ILDR54 ,LET US CONSID] RA!R ! PECULI> PATRIOTIC PROBLEM ( AN OLD] DISAFFECT$ GR\P1 ! ,BEAT Y\NG M51 = !N WE CAN SEE ?AT IT IS A PATRIOTIC PROBLEM4 

,H]E TOO1 ,I ?9K1 !RE HAS (T5 BE5 A /RONG COMMUNITY 9FLU5CE ( GR[+ UP TOGE!R4 ,= 9/ANCE1 FELL[S :O W5T TO ,BLACK ,M\NTA9 ,COLLEGE1 :I* WAS ORI5T$ TO COMMUNITY & CREATIVE >TS--A P[]FUL1 & P[]FULLY DISAFFECT+1 COMB9ATION-->E PILL>S ( ,BEAT SOCIETY4 ,O!R FELL[S W]E BUDDIES 9 ! >M$ S]VICES4 ,H[EV] IT WAS1 AS ,BEAT !IR COMMUNITY SPIRIT IS /RONG4 ,!Y B>GE 9 TO SLEEP1 !Y %>E PROP]TY1 !Y %>E A CULTURE4 ,N[ ?9K ( ?IS COMMUNITY1 DISAFFECT$ FROM ,AM]ICA1 AS 5GAG$ 9 A PA!TIC QUE/ = SOME O!R BIG PATRIOTISM1 AN ADULT PE] GR\P4 

,WE SAW H[1 APPO9T+ !MSELVES \TCA/1 !Y AFFIRM ! ACCID5TAL SYMBOLS ( O!R \TCA/ GR\PS3 ,NEGRO1 ,PU]TO ,RICAN1 & CRIM9AL4 ,BUT ?IS IS PRETTY ?9 GRUEL = 9TELLECTUAL Y\NG M51 MANY ( :OM HAVE BE5 TO COLLEGE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !Y >E UNABLE TO MAKE ! JUMP TO ! GREAT 9T]NATIONAL HUMANI/ COMMUNITY BECAUSE1 SIMPLY1 !Y DON'T KN[ ANY?+1 NEI!R LIT]ATURE NOR POLITICS4 7,I ONCE TAU<T AT ,BLACK ,M\NTA9 ,COLLEGE1 & TO MY A/ONI%M5T ,I F\ND ?AT ! /UD5TS HAD NEV] READ ! ,BIBLE1 ,MILTON1 ,DRYD51 ,GIBBON1 ETC41 ETC41 NOR DID !Y FEEL--AS A LACK--?AT SU* ?+S EXI/$4 ,BUT !Y KNEW ODD FACTS AB\T ,MAYAN HI]OGLYPHICS :I* !IR TEA*] HAD BE5 9T]E/$ 947 

,:AT !N8 ,S9CE IT IS NECESS>Y = GR[N FELL[S TO HAVE SOME MAJOR ALLEGIANCE OR O!R1 !Y HAVE LAT*$ ON TO ! DEAD ,JAPANESE MA/]S ( ,Z5 ,BUDDHISM4 7,?IS IS A LATE EFFECT ( ! E>LY-C5TURY DISCOV]Y ( ,JAPAN BY ,F5OLLOSA1 ,FRANK ,LLOYD ,WRI<T1 ! ,MISSES ,L[ELL & ,AYSC\<1 & ,EZRA ,P\ND1 SUDD5LY RE9=C$ BY ! PO/W> OCCUPATION UND] ,G5]AL ,MAC,>?UR47 ,N[1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 ,Z5 IS NOT IRRELEVANT TO !SE Y\NG M5'S NE$S1 = IT IS A !OLOGY & /YLE ( IMM$IATE EXP]I5CE4 ,BUT ! PA?OS IS ?AT ,Z5 WAS ! FL[] ( AN 9T5SELY LOYAL FEUDAL SY/EM ?AT F$1 PROTECT$1 & HONOR$ ITS MA/]S1 & TO :I* ! ,Z5 MA/]S 9 TURN HAD FEALTY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IT IS SAID ?AT ! HAIKU WAS 9V5T$ BY A POET AS A PUBLIC S]VICE :5 HE WAS SUICIDALLY DESPOND5T BECAUSE HIS ,EMP]OR HAD DI$4 ,BUT ,Z5 )\T F>M]S & S]VANTS IS AN AIRY BUS9ESS2 & ! Y\NG M51 AS WE HAVE SE51 >E BETRAY$ 9TO DUBI\S DEVICES TO KEEP BODY & S\L TOGE!R1 NOR DO !Y HAVE A FLAG TO SALUTE4 

#i4 

  

,I HAVE TRI$ BROADLY TO PA9T SOME ( ! BACKGR\ND CONDITIONS ?AT DISC\RAGE PATRIOTISM3 ! LACK ( BONA FIDES AB\T \R LIB]TIES1 ! DI%ONORABLE POLITICS 9 ! UNIV]SITIES1 ! IRRESPONSIBLE PRESS1 ! DISILLUSION+ H&L+ ( ! ADV5TURE 9 SPACE1 ! 9F]IOR & PLACE-SEEK+ HI< (FIC]S ( ! ,/ATE1 ! %AMEFUL NEGLECT ( \R L&SCAPE & ! DISREG>D ( COMMUNITY2 LAT] ,I %ALL SPEAK ( \R TRIVIAL LEISURE :I* HAS NO COMMUNITY MEAN+4 ,BUT BESIDES !SE NOT USUALLY M5TION$ BACKGR\ND CONDITIONS1 !RE >E ( C\RSE ! P]SI/5T IMM$IATE UGL9ESSES ?AT EV]YBODY TALKS AB\T & EV]Y *ILD SEES3 ! CASES ( GRAFT1 SOCIAL 9JU/ICE1 /UPID LAW1 & 9JU/ICE TO P]SONS4 ,YET 9 AN IMPORTANT S5SE1 !SE SC&ALS DO NOT DISC\RAGE PATRIOTISM1 SO LONG AS !RE IS ! FEEL+ ( A P]SI/5T EF=T AGA9/ !M4 ,MY GUESS IS ?AT MORE PRIDE ( C\NTRY IS 5G5D]$ BY ONE GOOD DECISION1 OR EV5 A GOOD P[]FUL DISS5T+ OP9ION1 ( ! AT LEA/ TRADITIONAL ,SUPREME ,C\RT1 ?AN BY BILLIONS ( REPETITIONS ( ! PL$GE ( ALLEGIANCE4 

,RACIAL SEGREGATION & PREJUDICE DE/ROY COMMUNITY BY DEF9ITION1 & WE NE$ NOT DISCUSS !M4 ,H]E AGA9 ! REVOLUTION COMM5C$ 9 ,JEFF]SON'S TIME & RECOMM5C$ BY ! ABOLITIONI/S1 W5T UNF9I%$2 & WE HAVE 9H]IT$ ! CONSEQU5CES4 

,BUT IT IS P]HAPS USEFUL TO PO9T \T AGA9 ?AT1 :5 !RE IS PREJUDICE1 ! COMMUNITY ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS IS EQUALLY DE/ROY$4 ,! :ITES 9 ! ,S\?1 = 9/ANCE1 US$ TO TALK A BLATANT PATRIOTISM & A SPECI\S REGIONALISM GR\ND$ 9 NO?+ BUT KEEP+ ! BLACKS UND]4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT FLAG & CROSS HAVE BECOME CONTEMPTIBLE 9 !IR [N EYES4 7,REAL REGIONALISM1 ?AT F9DS ITS CULTURE & SATISFACTION 9 ITS [N GEOGRAPHY & ECONOMY & CAN )/& ! TEMPTATIONS ( ! NATIONAL CA%-NEXUS1 HAS LONG AGO SUCCUMB$ TO ,MADISON ,AV5UE1 ,HOLLYWOOD1 & ,WALL ,/REET47 ,N[ ?AT LAW & RELIGION SIDE AGA9/ !M1 ! ,S\!RN]S >E MANIAC ) W\ND$ CONCEIT & SEXUAL FE>2 !IR BEHAVIOR ON 9TEGRATION %\LD BE REF]R$ NOT TO ! ,ATTORNEY ,G5]AL BUT TO ! ,PUBLIC ,HEAL? ,S]VICE4 ,ALL ?IS HAS COME BANG+ D[N ON ! *ILDR5 AS ! BATTLEGR\ND4 ,YET1 P>ADOXICALLY1 AMONG ALL Y\NG PEOPLE IT IS P]HAPS JU/ ! Y\NG PEOPLE 9 ! ,S\?1 :ITES & ,NEGROES BO?1 :O MO/ F9D LIFE WOR? LIV+ !SE DAYS1 BECAUSE SOME?+ REAL IS HAPP5+4 ,DUR+ ! ,MONTGOM]Y BUS BOYCOTT AGA9/ ,JIM ,CR[1 !RE WAS LITTLE DEL9QU5CY AMONG ! ,NEGRO BOYS4 

7,9 ,NOR!RN CITIES & T[NS1 ALSO1 ! *ILDR5 >E ?R[N 9TO A C5TRAL POSITION 9 ! COMMUNITY CRISIS ( EXCLUSION & PREJUDICE1 BUT SOMETIMES AS PEACEMAK]S4 ,LET ME GIVE AN 9T]E/+ >*ITECTURAL EXAMPLE4 ,IT HAS BECOME COMMON TO USE ! NEW C5TRALIZ$ S*OOL BUILD+ AS ! COMMUNITY BUILD+ = MEET+S & RECREATION4 ,ONE REASON IS ECONOMY4 ,BUT ANO!R REASON ?AT IS GIV5 IS ?AT ! S*OOL IS ! ONE COMMUNITY FUNCTION ?AT BR+S TOGE!R ! O!RWISE DISCORDANT ELEM5TS 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD1 SO MAYBE ! ADULTS CAN GET TOGE!R 9 ! S*OOL4 ,IT IS A CURI\S SITUATION :5 ! GR[NUPS HAVE TO RELY ON ! *ILDR5 TO MAKE S5SE = !M1 & :5 ! S*OOL BUILD+ IS ! *IEF COMMUNITY BUILD+4 ,BUT IT IS BETT] ?AN NO?+47 

#a4 

  

,DEEP 9 ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM ITSELF !RE HAS BE5 AN IMPORTANT NEW EF=T T[>D COMMUNITY4 ,! PO/W> BOOM 9 Y\NG M>RIAGES & ! S5SATIONAL RISE 9 ! URBAN BIR? RATE ?AT = ! FIR/ TIME PROMISES TO SURPASS ! RURAL BIR? RATE1 HAVE BE5 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! MOV+ ( AFFLU5T WORKM5 TO SUBURBAN PROJECTS & ( ! MIDDLE /ATUS TO RAN* H\SES4 ,!SE NEW SETTLEM5TS DEVOTE TIME & 5]GY TO COMMON 9T]E/S4 ,DO !Y DO ANY?+ = LOCAL PATRIOTISM8 

,!Y >E COMMUNITIES = SMALL *ILDR51 ONE TO FIVE1 & = WOM5 AS ! MO!RS ( SMALL *ILDR54 ,!SE >E ! GR\PS 9 SOCIETY UNEQUIVOCALLY B5EFIT$ BY HI< PRODUCTION1 FULL EMPLOYM5T1 & ! HI< /&>D ( LIV+4 ,!Y ?RIVE ON ANIMAL SECURITY4 ,LABOR-SAV+ DEVICES MAKE ! WORLD ( ! 9FANTS MU* PLEASANT]4 ,MORALLY & VOCATIONALLY1 !RE IS NO QUE/ION ?AT HAV+ & C>+ = ! *ILDR5 IS JU/IFI$ WORK = ! MO!RS1 NECESS>Y1 HONOR$1 & US+ GOOD HUMAN CAPACITIES4 ,NE>LY =TY YE>S AGO1 ,H4 ,L4 ,M5CK5 PO9T$ \T 9 HIS BOOK ON WOM5 ?AT WOM5 HAD REAL JOBS1 :]EAS M5 W]E LIKELY TO BE C]TIFI$ PUBLIC ACC\NTANTS OR POLITICIANS4 ,TODAY1 :5 SO MANY WORK 9 ! ,RAT ,RACE1 FEW W\LD D5Y ?AT HE WAS RI<T4 ,SO N[ M5 TOO TRY E>NE/LY TO DEVOTE !MSELVES TO ! SMALL ONES AS A SECOND>Y BUT REAL C>E]4 ,?IS IS CALL$ ! ,NEW ,FA!RHOOD4 

,! *ILD WORLD1 9 ! SUBURBS & SURR\ND+ C\NTRY1 & SOME:AT LESS 9 ! CITY1 IS ! BE/ ?AT SMALL *ILDR5 HAVE HAD 9 MOD]N TIMES4 ,! NEW PSY*OLOGY ( BELONG+ IS FEEBLE /UFF1 BUT ! NEW PSY*OLOGY ( 9FANT C>E HAS BE5 RADICAL3 NO TOILET TRA9+1 P]MISSIVE ?UMB SUCK+ & PREG5ITAL SEXUALITY1 FREE CRY+ & MOVEM5T1 EXPOSURE TO ! GR[NUPS' NAK$NESS1 HONE/ ANSW]S TO QUE/IONS4 ,! NEW M$IC9E GETS !M QUICKLY OV] ! USUAL DISEASES 7?\< !RE IS DEBATE AB\T ! LAT] CONSEQU5CES74 ,! S*OOL SY/EM AS A :OLE IS POOR1 BUT ! NURS]Y S*OOLS >E (T5 FIR/-RATE1 PROGRESSIVE1 & HAVE 9TELLIG5T & D$ICAT$ Y\NG TEA*]S4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT *ILDR5'S TOYS & GAMES >E EXCELL5T1 PRACTICAL & IMAG9ATIVE1 UP TO ! AGE ( SIX1 :5 ! COMM]CIAL CRIT]IA ( ! ELEV5-BILLION-DOLL> M>KET BEG9 TO OP]ATE4 

,= ! ADULTS1 ! IMPROVEM5T ( ?IS *ILD'S WORLD RESULTS 9 G5U9E COMMUNITY P>TICIPATION1 COMMITTEE MEET+S & LECTURES ON PSY*OLOGY1 CONC]N = TRAFFIC & ZON+1 & EV5 EXT5SION C\RSES 9 CULTURAL SUBJECTS TO CREATE ! PROP] ATMOSPH]E = GR[+ UP4 ,IT SEEMS A/ONI%+1 GIV5 SO MU* ACTIVE P>TICIPATION1 ?AT !SE COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES HAVE NOT MU* DEVELOP$ 9TO O!R IMPORTANT POLITICAL & SOCIAL ACTION4 ,BUT C\RAGE GIVES \T AT ! POLITICAL ISSUES RELEVANT TO AGE SIX4 ,! SPONSOR%IP & CONTROL ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM >E EV]Y:]E APP>5T4 

7,= 9/ANCE1 9 A REC5T AGITATION ?AT HAS PREV5T$ ,NEGROES FROM MOV+ 9TO ,DE]FIELD1 A SUBURB ( ,*ICAGO--AV]AGE 9COME @s#i1-#a1--AN 0ATTRACTIVE Y\NG M>RI$ C\PLE0 EXPLA9$ ?AT MO/ ( !IR FRI5DS HAD MO/ ( !IR MONEY TI$ UP 9 !IR H\SES3 0,WE DON'T EXPECT TO LIVE 9 !M V]Y LONG4 ,SOME ( ! JUNIOR EXECS EXPECT TO BECOME S5IORS & MOVE TO ! REAL ,NOR? ,%ORE1 & A LOT ( US WILL BE TRANSF]R$ ALL OV] ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,:5 ?IS HAPP5S1 WE WANT TO BE SURE \R H\SES HAVE RESALE VALUE40 .<,REPORT$ 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,APRIL #a#g1 #a#i#f4.> ,! SPIRIT$NESS ( ?IS SPEAKS = ITSELF47 

,UN=TUNATELY1 :5 ! ADULTS DEVOTE !MSELVES ?US TO ! *ILD'S WORLD1 !RE ISN'T MU* WORLD = ! *ILD TO GR[ UP 9TO 9 ! NEXT /AGE4 ,= ,FA!R TO GUIDE HIS GR[+ SON1 IT IS NECESS>Y = HIM TO HAVE A COMMUNITY ( HIS [N & BE MORE ( A MAN4 ,9 ! CIRCUM/ANCES ?IS IS DIFFICULT4 ,BUT IF !RE IS NO BIG 5VIRONM5T1 !RE >E NO GR\NDS = PATRIOTISM4 

,! CORPORATIONS1 H[EV]1 HAVE N[ 5T]$ 9TO ?IS >5A TOO1 TO ORGANIZE ! NEXT /AGE ( GR[+ UP4 ,?IS IS ! MEAN+1 SURELY1 ( ! PUBLICITY ?AT HAS BE5 TRUMP$ UP = ! ,LITTLE ,LEAGUE1 ! BASEBALL TEAMS ( SUBTE5-AG]S SPONSOR$ & UND]WRITT5 BY V>I\S BUS9ESS FIRMS4 ,:AT VALUE ! ,LITTLE ,LEAGUE HAS AS PLAY1 ,I DON'T KN[1 ,I HAV5'T WAT*$ GAMES4 ,! HI<-PRESSURE ADV]TIS+ HAS BE5 VIOL5TLY D5\NC$ BY ! OLD] SPORTS WRIT]S AS GIV+ KIDS AN UNSPORTSMANLIKE TA/E = PUBLICITY4 ,AS A S*OOL ( RULE MAK+1 RESPONSIBILITY1 & IMP]SONALITY1 ! ,LITTLE ,LEAGUE C]TA9LY CANNOT COMP>E ) ! FREE GAMES ( ! /REET1 BUT WE SAW ?AT !SE HAVE BE5 PASS+ AWAY4 ,ECONOMICALLY1 H[EV]1 ! FUNCTION ( ! ,LITTLE ,LEAGUE IS CLE>-CUT3 IT IS *ILD LABOR1 ANALOG\S TO T5-YE>-OLDS PICK+ HEMP 9 ! FACTORY A C5TURY AGO3 IT KEEPS IDLE H&S \T ( MIS*IEF2 IT IS NOT PR(ITABLE AS PRODUCTION1 BUT IT PROVIDES VALUABLE TRA9+ 9 ATTITUDE & WORK HABITS4 

,VIEW$ SO1 ! SUBURBAN & EXURBAN TR5DS >E ! =MATION ( A NEW PROLET>IAT1 PRODUC]S ( (FSPR+4 

#a#a4 

  

,NATURALLY ! ,PUBLIC ,RELATIONS HAVE BE5 UNABLE TO RE/RA9 !MSELVES FROM 9VAD+ ! PUBLIC S*OOLS4 ,! CLASSES >E FLOOD$ ) PAMPHLETS & DOCUM5T>Y FILMS ON ELECTRONICS & ! 9TRODUCTION ( C[S 9TO ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 PUT \T BY ,CONSOLIDAT$ ,$ISON1 ,=D1 ,%ELL1 ,WE/+H\SE1 ! ,NATIONAL ,DAIRY ,C\NCIL1 ,UNION ,C>BIDE1 ,BELL1 ETC41 & EV5 ,M]RILL ,LYN*4 ,!SE PROCLAIM !IR SPONSOR%IP ) MORE OR LESS DISCREET PLUGS4 

,9 ! N9? GRADE1 H[EV]1 AT A ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY S*OOL ,I KN[ WELL1 !Y HAVE SP5T CLASS TIME ) AN ITEM CALL$ ,! ,$UCATIONAL ,A,B,C'S ( ,9DU/RY1 A COLLECTION ( ADV]TISEM5TS 9T]L>D$ ) READ+ MATT]2 & ! CLASS WAS ACTUALLY REQUIR$1 BY A TEA*] DI/RACT$ BY OV]WORK1 TO COPY \T J+LES 9 :I* ,C /&S = ,ORANGE-,CRU%1 0TA/E IT & SEE10 & ,F = ! ,=D ,MOTOR ,COMPANY1 0:]E ! FIR/ C> GREW40 ,I W\LD GLADLY %>E ?IS LIT]ATURE ) ! READ]1 BUT ITS PUBLI%] HAS NOT GIV5 ME P]MISSION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiei 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

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