,*APT] #d 
,APTITUDE 

#aifaif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,I,V4 ,APTITUDE 

  
#a4 

  

,\R SUBJECT IS ! PRES5T WA/E ( HUMAN RES\RCES4 ,YET ?IS WA/E IS NO?+ NEW4 ,CONSID]+ \R WOND]FUL FACULTIES & P[]S1 PEOPLE ON ! AV]AGE HAVE NEV] ACCOMPLI%$ MU*4 ,REG>D$ JU/ AS MA*9ES ( VIRTUE1 PLEASURE1 WISDOM1 BATTLE1 OR FRI5D%IP1 WE HAVE ALWAYS OP]AT$ AT A T9Y FRACTION ( CAPACITY4 ,?IS IS EVID5T IF WE CONTRA/ H[ PEOPLE USUALLY HANG >\ND ) H[ PEOPLE COME ACROSS 9 EM]G5CIES1 OR :5 !Y >E 5?USIA/IC1 OR :5 !Y >E CALMLY ABSORB$4 ,*ILDR5 F9D ! AV]AGE 9ACTIVITY V]Y PA9FUL & !Y NAG1 0,:AT CAN ,I DO8 ,TELL ME SOME?+ TO DO40 ,ADOLESC5TS >E RE/IVE HANG+ >\ND1 & !Y ?9K UP WAYS TO MAKE TR\BLE4 ,ADULTS >E 9UR$ TO IT1 & ,S*OP5HAU] CLAIM$ ?AT BOR$OM IS A METAPHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE ( ! ,WORLD AS ,WILL4 

,PSY*OLOGICALLY1 WE DEF9E BOR$OM AS ! PA9 A P]SON FEELS :5 HE'S DO+ NO?+ OR SOME?+ IRRELEVANT1 9/EAD ( SOME?+ ?AT HE WANTS TO DO BUT WON'T1 CAN'T1 OR DOESN'T D>E4 ,BOR$OM IS ACUTE :5 HE KN[S ! O!R ?+ & 9HIBITS HIS ACTION1 E4G41 \T ( POLIT5ESS1 EMB>RASSM5T1 FE> ( PUNI%M5T OR %AME4 ,BOR$OM IS *RONIC IF HE HAS REPRESS$ ! ?\<T ( IT & NO LONG] IS AW>E ( IT4 ,A L>GE P>T ( /UPIDITY IS JU/ ?IS *RONIC BOR$OM1 = A P]SON CAN'T LE>N1 OR BE 9TELLIG5T AB\T1 :AT HE'S NOT 9T]E/$ 91 :5 HIS REPRESS$ ?\<TS >E ELSE:]E4 7,ANO!R L>GE P>T ( /UPIDITY IS /UBBORNNESS1 UNCONSCI\SLY SAY+1 0,I WON'T1 Y\ CAN'T MAKE ME407 

,C]TA9LY A L>GE P>T ( \R COMMON WA/EFUL 9ACTIVITY IS ?IS NEUROSIS ( *RONIC BOR$OM4 ,C]TA9 AIMS >E =BIDD5 & PUNI%ABLE1 OR UNATTA9ABLE & PA9FUL2 SO WE 9HIBIT !M & PUT !M \T ( M9D4 ,9 A VICI\S CIRCLE1 ! REPRESSION !N MAKES ! IDEA ( ! AIMS SEEM ?REAT5+3 ! AIMS >E N[ REJECT$ ALSO 9 \RSELVES4 ,SO WE >E BOR$ & 9ACTIVE4 ,WE SEE H[ BOR$OM EASILY TURNS 9TO APA?Y1 ! LACK ( 9C5TIVE4 7,! NEXT *APT]1 ON ,PATRIOTISM1 WILL TRY TO %[ ?AT IT IS H>D TO GR[ UP :5 ! COMMUNITY LACKS BIG 9C5TIVES47 

,AT FIR/ ?IS ,SUNDAY-AFT]NOON NEUROSIS1 ( LIVELY *ILDR5 BR\<T TO A PAUSE1 IS WORSE AMONG ! MIDDLE CLASS ?AN AMONG ! POOR1 = ! MIDDLE CLASS IS LESS P]MISSIVE1 IT HAS /RICT] /&>DS TO MA9TA9 & MORE EXP5SIVE FURNITURE TO PROTECT4 ,BUT BY ADOLESC5CE IT IS G5]ALLY EVID5T 9 ALL CLASSES ( ! Y\NG1 HANG+ >\ND1 READ+ COMIC BOOKS1 OR WAT*+ ,T,V4 ,IT IS EVID5T 9 !IR NOTION ( :AT IS ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR 9 !IR GR\PS1 9 !IR SEXUAL P>ANOIA1 9 !IR 9ABILITY TO ?9K UP ANY?+ 9T]E/+4 ,!IR HE>TS >E ELSE:]E & !Y DON'T REMEMB] :]E4 ,MANY BOYS >E AFRAID TO BE ALONE ) !MSELVES1 BECAUSE !Y MI<T MA/URBATE1 :I* 9 ITSELF MAY BE AN ACTIVITY ( BOR$OM4 

,ALL ?IS HAS LONG BE5 ) US1 & =M]LY P]HAPS IT WAS WORSE ?AN IT IS N[1 = N[ !RE IS MORE P]MISSIV5ESS = SMALL *ILDR5 & MORE RATIONALITY AB\T SEXUALITY4 ,9 ?IS *APT]1 H[EV]1 ,I WANT TO DISCUSS ANO!R FACTOR ALTOGE!R3 9EPTITUDE1 NOT KN[+ H[2 ! SITUATION 9 :I*1 EV5 IF !Y KN[ !IR AIMS1 *ILDR5 DON'T KN[ ! MEANS OR CAN'T MANAGE ! MEANS4 ,I PROPOSE ?AT 9 ?IS RESPECT \R PRES5T SY/EM IS UNIQUELY BAD & GETT+ WORSE4 ,= IRONICALLY1 JU/ 9 \R TIMES1 :5 SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY >E SO ADVANC$1 ?IS FACTOR ( 9EPTITUDE ALSO 9CREASES1 & *ILDR5 BECOME PRACTICALLY MORE /UPID4 

#b4 

  

,IT IS NOTORI\S ?AT ! PHYSICAL PLANT & SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T HAVE GR[N \T ( HUMAN SCALE4 ,TO A*IEVE SIMPLE GOODS IT IS (T5 NECESS>Y TO SET 9 MOTION IMM5SE MASSES4 ,9 SC>CITY1 :]E ! MEANS >E UNAVAILABLE1 WE WI/FULLY R5\NCE ! 5DS4 ,9 AN ABUNDANT ECONOMY1 !RE IS A PLE?ORA ( MEANS ( :AT A P]SON DOESN'T REALLY WANT4 ,MIDDLE-CLASS P>5TS KN[ FROM BITT] EXP]I5CE ?AT BILLIONS ( DOLL>S >E SP5T ANNUALLY = *ILDR5'S TOYS & TE5-AGE JUNK ?AT >E NOT REALLY WANT$ & BE IDLE4 ,BUT FUR!RMORE1 EV5 IF ! 5D IS DESIRABLE1 ! MEANS (T5 BECOME SO COMPLICAT$ ?AT ONE IS DISC\RAG$ FROM />T+ \T4 ,= 9/ANCE1 IT'S TOO COMPLICAT$ ON A HOT DAY TO TRAVEL TWO HOT H\RS TO GET TO A COOL PLACE :5 SO MANY O!RS HAVE HAD ! SAME IDEA ?AT IT'S HOT !RE TOO4 ,TO ADULTS1 SU* COMPLICAT$ MEANS >E IRRITAT+ & TAKE ! JOY \T ( LIFE4 ,TO *ILDR5 GR[+ UP1 !Y >E DISA/R\S BECAUSE !Y MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO LE>N BY DO+4 ,! S5SE ( CAUSALITY IS LO/4 ,9ITIATIVE IS LO/4 ,& ONE 5DS ) ! IDEA ?AT NO?+ CAN BE *ANG$4 

,WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT TO *ILDR5 ! CITY PLAN & SOCIAL PLAN WE PRES5T !M ) >E LIKE 9EVITABLE FACTS ( NATURE4 ,UNLESS !Y HAVE >*ITECTS OR BUILD]S 9 ! FAMILY1 !Y CANNOT REALIZE ?AT ! BUILD+S W]E DRAWN BY SOMEBODY ON A PIECE ( PAP] & C\LD HAVE BE5 DIFF]5T4 ,UNLESS !IR P>5TS TEA* !M O!RWISE1 !Y BELIEVE ?AT COMPULSORY S*OOL ATT5DANCE IS A DIV9E CREATION & IT IS A S9 TO BE ABS5T4 

,IT IS1 ( C\RSE1 V]Y DIFFICULT TO JUDGE ! 5VIRONM5T CONCRETELY FROM ! *ILD'S PO9T ( VIEW4 ,?US1 LIV+ 9 A BIG CITY DOES NOT AS SU* MAKE A *ILD 9EPT1 ?\< ANY CITY HAS V]Y COMPLICAT$ MEANS4 ,! CITY IS %ORT ON F>M WORK1 SWIMM+ HOLES1 & ANIMALS TO TRAP2 BUT IT HAS DOCKS1 FREI<T-C> Y>DS1 LABYR9?9E BASEM5TS1 PAVEM5TS TO *ALK UP1 & SUBWAY TRA9S TO PLAY TAG ON4 ,! /REETS >E LITT]$ ) ! REM>KABLE JUNK ( A ?\S& TRADES1 TO HO>D & MAKE ?+S )4 ,! +5UITY ( ,NEW ,YORK BALL GAMES ADAPT$ TO V>I\S IMPROBABLE FIELDS & OB/ACLES IS A MODEL ( RULE MAK+ & RATIONAL DEBATE ?AT ANY S5ATE MI<T EMULATE3 IT SIZES UP ! SITUATION1 >GUES1 DECIDES1 & GETS ?+S DONE ?AT WORK4 ,! ,LONDON ,/REET ,GAMES COMPIL$ BY ,NORMAN ,D\GLAS IS NO CONTEMPTIBLE MANUAL ( TRADITIONAL CULTURE4 ,HI/ORY TEA*ES ?AT CITIES HAVE MADE PEOPLE SM>T BECAUSE ( !IR MIX$ PEOPLES1 MIX$ MANN]S1 & MIX$ LE>N+4 ,ON ! :OLE1 CITIES HAVE PROBABLY TRA9$ MORE 9TELLIG5T *ILDR5 ?AN ! C\NTRY4 ,BUT WE MU/ REMEMB]1 TOO1 ?AT UNTIL REC5TLY CITIES HAVE BE5 CONT9UALLY REPL5I%$ FROM ! C\NTRY4 ,CITY PEOPLE HAD C\NTRY C\S9S1 & DREW ON BO? 9FLU5CES4 ,!RE C\LD BE A P[]FUL $UCATIVE EFFECT IF A C\NTRY BOY CAME TO ! CITY & WAS EXPOS$ TO BEWILD]+ NEW WAYS1 OR IF A CITY BOY VISIT$ ! C\NTRY & WAS EXPOS$ TO SPACE1 WOODS1 & C[S4 

#c4 

  

,!RE IS PROBABLY A PO9T ( COMPLEXITY AT :I*1 CUT (F FROM ! C\NTRY1 ! CITY CEASES TO ADVANCE BEYOND C\NTRY BACKW>DNESS2 IT BECOMES IMPRACTICAL & BEG9S TO 9DUCE ITS [N K9D ( /UPEFACTION & 9EPTNESS4 ,! 5DLESS CITY-SPREAD ( SUBURBS MAKES ! REAL F>M+ & OP5 C\NTRY UNAVAILABLE4 ,! CITY BECOMES ! ONLY WORLD1 GETT+ DULL] AS ONE LEAVES ! C5T]1 ?R\< FIR/ ! 9N] R+ ( BLI<T & !N ! DEADLY DORMITORIES & SUBURBS4 

,)9 ! BIG METROPOLISES AT PRES5T1 9DU/RY & COMM]CE >E %UT (F & CONCEAL$4 ,! FREI<T Y>DS GO UND]GR\ND4 ,MANUFACTURE IS 9 GREAT WALL$ PLANTS ON ! \TSKIRTS4 ,9 ,NEW ,YORK1 EV5 ! ,HUDSON ,RIV] & ITS %IPS >E CUT (F BY IMPASSABLE ?R\<-HI<WAYS1 & /UPID PLANN+ HAS PROVID$ A MILE ( *ILD-USELESS L&SCAP+1 SO ?AT FEW KIDS GET D[N TO ! RIV] ANY MORE TO FI%4 ,! NEW] HI< DWELL+S MAKE ! /REETS 9ACCESSIBLE TO SMALL *ILDR54 ,! AUTOMOBILES MAKE ! /REETS DANG]\S4 

,ALSO ! /REETS >E /RANGE1 BECAUSE !RE IS A LOSS ( NEI<BORHOOD4 ,?IS IS DUE NOT ONLY TO BAD PLANN+ BUT TO ! GREATLY 9CREAS$ MOBILITY ( FAMILIES4 ,*ILDR5 >E TORN FROM !IR S*OOL *UMS & ?IS DE/ROYS CULTURE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ! /REET GAMES & GAME SONGS ?AT ,I REMEMB]1 9 ,NEW ,YORK #a#i#a#a-#a#i#b#a1 W]E ! ANCI5T ,LONDON 7,DUBL987 GAMES2 & ?IS TRADITION HAS N[ CONSID]ABLY FAD$4 ,BUT IT IS NOT EASILY ?AT A NEW *ILD-TRADITION C\LD DEVELOP1 ESPECIALLY AMONG M9ORITIES ( V>I\S CULTURES4 ,QUITE ! CONTR>Y1 HI/ORY & BAD SOCIAL PLANN+ HAVE CONSPIR$ TO CREATE 9 ,NEW ,YORK HUGE 9COME & CULTURAL <ETTOS--IT MAKES NO DIFF]5CE :E!R L[-9COME OR HI<-9COME2 *ILDR5 ( ALL CLASSES >E EQUALLY DEPRIV$ ( ! HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,:]EAS MIX+ %>P5S 9TELLIG5CE1 ANY SEGREGAT$ DIFF]5CES CREATE PREJUDICE & MAKE PEOPLE /UPID4 

,! V]Y SPACE HAS BE5 CRU%+LY PREEMPT$4 ,! C>S 9 ,NEW ,YORK SEEM F9ALLY TO HAVE DISC\RAG$ MANY ( ! BALL GAMES2 WE SEE BOYS GO+ A MILE TO F9D A ,SUNDAY-DES]T$ P>K+ LOT TO PLAY /ICKBALL :I* PREVI\SLY !Y PLAY$ ON !IR [N /REET ) ! SMALL *ILDR5 *OS5 94 ,) 9CREAS+ TRAFFIC1 ! POLIC+ IS MORE /RICT4 ,9 ,LOS ,ANGELES #d P] C5T ( ! >EA WILL BE SWALL[$ UP BY ! CLOV]LEAVES & EXPRESS HI<WAYS SO ?AT PEOPLE CAN DRIVE BUMP] TO BUMP] 9 & \T ( ,LOS ,ANGELES6 ,?IS IS C]TA9LY \T ( HUMAN SCALE & IS A DEAD LOSS = SKAT+ & BICYCLES4 ,9 ,NOR!RN CITIES1 ! SN[ IS NEV] ALL[$ TO PILE UP2 CITY SLEI<+ IS F9I%$4 ,! /REAML9$ FUNCTIONAL >*ITECTURE IS B>E ( USEFUL /OOPS4 

,9 BRIEF1 CONCEAL$ TE*NOLOGY1 FAMILY MOBILITY1 LOSS ( ! C\NTRY1 LOSS ( NEI<BORHOOD TRADITION1 & EAT+ UP ( ! PLAY SPACE HAVE TAK5 AWAY ! REAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,! CITY1 UND] 9EVITABLE MOD]N CONDITIONS1 CAN NO LONG] BE DEALT ) PRACTICALLY BY *ILDR54  
  

,CONSID] ! DEHUMANIZ+ COMPLEXITY ( ! CITY JU/ AS A PROBLEM 9 MUNICIPAL ADM9I/RATION4 ,9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 09 *>GE ( H\S+ >E MANY AG5CIES1 SOME = H\S+ ! POOR1 SOME = H\S+ G5]ALLY1 SOME AG5TS ( ! CITY1 BUT O!RS AG5TS ( ! /ATE & F$]AL GOV]NM5TS4 ,!Y >E1 9 P>T1 ! ,H\S+ ,AU?ORITY1 ! ,MAYOR'S ,COMMISSION ON ,SLUM ,CLE>ANCE & ,URBAN ,R5EWAL1 ! ,COMPTROLL]'S ,(FICE1 ! ,BO>D ( ,E/IMATE1 ! ,BUREAU ( ,REAL ,E/ATE1 ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,BUILD+S1 & ! ,/ATE & ,F$]AL ,H\S+ ,AG5CIES4 ,MEANTIME1 UNCO-ORD9AT$ ) !SE1 !RE >E AG5CIES 9 *>GE ( LOCATION ( S*OOLS 7,BO>D ( ,$UCATION71 & PLAYGR\NDS & P>KS 7,P>KS74 ,TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL FALLS TO ! ,TRANSIT ,AU?ORITY1 BUT IF IT IS AUTOMOTIVE IT MAY FALL TO ! ,PORT ,AU?ORITY 7= C]TA9 HI<WAYS1 TUNNELS1 & BRIDGES7 OR ! ,TRIBOR\< ,AU?ORITY 7= O!R HI<WAYS1 ETC474 ,:5 C>S >E MOV+ OR P>K$ 9 ! /REETS !Y BELONG TO ! ,TRAFFIC ,DEP>TM5T1 & SAFETY 9 G5]AL BELONGS TO ! ,POLICE4 ,NOBODY AS SU* ATT5DS TO ! SPECIFIC RELATION ( WORK]S & !IR P>TICUL> 9DU/RIES1 ! CAUSE ( ALL ?IS COMMUT+1 BUT !RE >E ZON+ LAWS = BROAD K9DS ( OCCUPANCY1 UND] ! ,CITY ,PLANN+ ,COMMISSION4 ,NEI<BORHOOD QU>RELS1 FAMILY DISRUPTION1 DEL9QU5CY1 ETC41 MI<T BE H&L$ BY ! ,POLICE & V>I\S SOCIAL AG5CIES4 ,O!R DEP>TM5TS1 TOO1 HAVE A H& 9 ! COMMUNITY PLANN+ ( ,NEW ,YORK1 E4G41 ,PUBLIC ,WORKS2 ,GAS1 ,WAT] & ,ELECTRICITY2 ETC4  
  
  

,IT SEEMS REASONABLE TO ASK IF ! 9TEGRATION ( !SE FUNCTIONS IS NOT RELEVANT8 BUT NOBODY IS 9 *>GE ( ?AT4 ,TO GIVE A P>TIAL LI/3 H\S+1 SLUM CLE>ANCE1 LOCATION ( 9DU/RIES1 ADEQUATE S*OOLS & TEA*]S1 TRANSPORTATION1 CLE> /REETS1 TRAFFIC CONTROL1 SOCIAL WORK1 RACIAL H>MONY1 MA/] PLANN+1 RECREATION4 ,! LI/ C\LD BE LONG EXT5D$1 NOT TO SPEAK ( A BEAUTIFUL CITY & LOCAL PRIDE4 ,A P>T FROM SU* A UNIFI$ VIEW1 ! SOLUTION ( ?IS OR ?AT ISOLAT$ PROBLEM 9EVITABLY LEADS TO DISRUPTION ELSE:]E4 ,ESCAPE ?OR\<F>ES MU/ AGGRAVATE C5TRAL TRAFFIC4 ,SLUM CLE>ANCE AS AN ISOLAT$ POLICY MU/ AGGRAVATE CLASS /RATIFICATION & DEL9QU5CY4 ,NEW SUBWAYS AGGRAVATE CONURBATION4 0,H\S+0 MAKES = D\BLE-%IFT & OV]CR[D$ CLASSROOMS4 ,NO MA/] PLAN GU>ANTEES FOOLI%NESS LIKE ! ,L9COLN ,SQU>E PROJECT4 ,!SE CONSEQU5T EVILS PRODUCE NEW EVILS AMONG !M4444  
  
  

7,COMMUNITAS1 ,APP5DIX ,D47  
  

,EV5 SO1 CONFUS+ AS !SE FACTORS >E & MU* AS !Y CUT D[N ! AVAILABLE *ILD-GAMES & *ILD-OBJECTS1 IT IS H>D TO KN[ :AT ?+S LOOK LIKE FROM ! *ILD'S-EYE VIEW4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ! NEW PUBLIC H\S+ SEEMS AFT] A FEW YE>S TO SW>M LIKE ANY OLD-FA%ION$ SLUM & IS P]HAPS DEVELOP+ ITS [N WOR?-:ILE *ILD CULTURE4 ,AT FIR/1 ACTIVE BOYS %UNN$ ! (FICIAL PLAYGR\NDS1 BUT N[1 DRIV5 BY NECESSITY1 !Y HAVE AGRE$ TO TAKE !M OV] & TURN !M TO !IR [N USES1 GAMES1 ADV5TURE1 NECK+1 & BATTLE4 

#d4 

  

,MY GUESS IS ?AT1 9 CITY1 SUBURB1 & SMALL T[N1 ! *IEF UNAMBIGU\SLY RET>D+ 9FLU5CE ( ! COMPLICAT$ TE*NOLOGY ACTS ON ! *ILDR5 ?R\< ! 9EPTITUDE ( ! GR[NUPS--JU/ AS ! /ULTIFY+ EFFECT ( ! MOVIES IS NOT ?AT ! *ILDR5 SEE !M BUT ?AT !IR P>5TS DO1 AS IF ,HOLLYWOOD PROVID$ A PLAUSIBLE ADULT RECREATION TO GR[ UP 9TO4 

,PEOPLE USE MA*9ES ?AT !Y DO NOT UND]/& & CANNOT REPAIR4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ! ELECTRIC MOTORS3 ONE CANNOT IMAG9E ANY?+ MORE BEAUTIFUL & $UCATIVE ?AN SU* MOTORS1 YET !RE MAY BE ?REE OR F\R 9 A H\SE1 CAS$ & \T ( SI<T2 & :5 !Y BL[ !Y >E TAK5 AWAY TO BE REPAIR$4 ,!IR 9FLU5CE IS !N RET>D+1 = :AT ! *ILD SEES IS ?AT COMPET5CE DOES NOT EXI/ 9 ORD9>Y PEOPLE1 BUT 9 ! SY/EM ( 9T]LOCK+ SPECIALTIES4 ,?IS IS UNAVAILABLE TO ! *ILD1 IT IS TOO AB/RACT4 ,*ILDR5 GO %OPP+ ) ,MAMA2 BUT SUP]M>KET %OPP+ = CELLOPHANE PACKAGES IS LESS KN[L$GEABLE & B>GA9ABLE ?AN ! OLD] %OPP+1 AS WELL AS PROVID+ TA/ELESS ,TEXAS FRUIT & VEGETABLES BR$ = NONP]I%ABILITY & APPE>ANCE RA!R ?AN = EAT+4 ,COOK+ IS MORE PREFABRICAT$4 ,FEW CLO!S >E SEWN4 ,FIRE & HEAT >E NOT MADE4 ,AMONG POOR PEOPLE !RE US$ TO BE MORE SWEAT$ DOME/IC 9DU/RY1 :I* DIDN'T DO ! ADULTS ANY GOOD BUT TAU<T SOME?+ TO SMALL *ILDR54 ,N[1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MAN & P]HAPS ! WOMAN ( ! H\SE WORK 9 DI/ANT (FICES & FACTORIES1 9CREAS+LY ON P>TS & PROCESSES ?AT DON'T MEAN ANY?+ TO A *ILD4 ,A *ILD MI<T NOT EV5 KN[ :AT WORK HIS DADDY DOES4 ,%OP TALK WILL BE1 ALMO/ 9V>IABLY1 GRIP+ AB\T 9T]P]SONAL RELATIONS4 ,IF ! KID HAS LESS CONFID5CE ?AT HE CAN MAKE OR FIX ANY?+1 HIS P>5TS CAN'T EI!R2 & :AT !Y DO WORK AT IS BEYOND HIS GRASP4 

,P>5TS1 ESPECIALLY FA!RS1 FEEL ?AT ?IS WAY ( LIFE (F]S TOO LITTLE TO !IR *ILDR51 ESPECIALLY ! SONS4 ,!Y & TO BLAME IT ON ! CITY--JU/ AS MANY DOG LOV]S WILL NOT KEEP DOGS 9 ! CITY4 ,SOME GUILTILY GIVE ! KIDS MORE MONEY TO GO TO ! MOVIES4 ,O!RS *OOSE ! SUBURBS1 :]E !Y CAN PUTT] & FIX1 EV5 ?\< !Y !REBY LIMIT !IR [N LIVES 9 O!R WAYS4 ,WE MU/ RETURN TO ! MEAN+ ( ?IS FATEFUL MOVE4 

#e4 

  

,LET ME GIVE A DISMAL ILLU/RATION ( ! CASE AT ITS WOR/4 ,AT AN UND]PRIVILEG$ S*OOL 9 ,H>LEM1 !Y US$ TO TE/ ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ALL ! *ILDR5 AT TWO-YE> 9T]VALS4 ,!Y F\ND ?AT EV]Y TWO YE>S EA* ADVANC+ CLASS CAME \T T5 PO9TS L[] 9 0NATIVE 9TELLIG5CE40 ,?AT IS1 ! COMB9$ EF=TS ( HOME 9FLU5C+ & S*OOL $UCATION1 A P[]FUL COMB9ATION1 SUCCE$$ 9 MAK+ ! *ILDR5 SIGNIFICANTLY /UPID] YE> BY YE>2 IF !Y HAD A FEW MORE YE>S ( COMPULSORY HOME TIES & COMPULSORY $UCATION1 ALL W\LD 5D UP AS GIBB]+ IDIOTS4 ,9 ?IS SAME S*OOL A NEW PR9CIPAL1 ) A BETT] /AFF1 MORE P]SONAL ATT5TION TO ! KIDS1 & MORE PROGRESSIVE ME?ODS--& ALSO WILL+ TO GIVE HIS [N TIME = SOCIAL WORK AMONG ! P>5TS--HAS REV]S$ ! TR5D4 ,ONE ME?OD TO REM$Y /UPIDITY ?AT HE SWE>S BY IS TO 9VITE ! FREE EXPRESSION ( CRITICISM & HO/ILITY1 E4G41 0,WRITE A COMPOSITION TELL+ :Y Y\ HATE Y\R FA!R--:Y Y\ HATE S*OOL--:Y Y\ HATE ME40 

#f4 

  

,IT WAS JU/ TO ?IS DEEP5+ CRISIS ( BOR$OM1 LACK ( P]SONAL 5GAGEM5T1 CULTURAL IRRELEVANCE1 & 9EPTITUDE1 9 CONDITIONS ( MASS 9DU/RY & MASS $UCATION1 ?AT ! MOVEM5T CALL$ PROGRESSIVE $UCATION ADDRESS$ ITSELF4 ,IT IS N[ MORIBUND1 BUT IT CAN BE REVIV$4 ,ITS HI/ORY 9 \R C5TURY1 H[EV]1 IS IMM5SELY 9/RUCTIVE4 

,! PRAGMATISM1 9/RUM5TALISM1 & TE*NOLOGISM ( ,JAMES1 ,DEWEY1 & ,VEBL5 W]E LEVEL$ AGA9/ ! ABUSES & IDEALS ( ! !N DOM9ANT CLASS3 ! ,F\R ,HUNDR$ & ! ,ROBB] ,B>ONS--ACADEMIC CULTURE1 CA/E MORALS & =MAL RELIGION1 UNSOCIAL GRE$4 ,! PHILOSOPH]S W]E CONC]N$ AB\T ABUNDANT PRODUCTION1 SOCIAL H>MONY1 PRACTICAL VIRTUES1 & MORE HONE/ P]CEPTION & FEEL+1 :I* W\LD PRESUMABLY P]TA9 TO ! RIS+ GR\P ( TE*NICIANS1 SOCIAL-SCI5TIFIC ADM9I/RATORS1 & ORGANIZ$ LABOR4 7,AS A SYMBOL ( ! 0LEISURE-CLASS CULTURE0 ?AT !Y W]E ATTACK+1 !Y *OSE ! 0CLASSICAL0 CULTURE ( ,GREECE1 F\ND$ ON SLAV]Y47 ,9 ?AT E>LY TURN ( ! C5TURY1 !SE PHILOSOPH]S FAIL$ TO PR$ICT ?AT PRECISELY ) ! SUCCESS ( ! MANAG]S1 TE*NICIANS1 & ORGANIZ$ LABOR1 ! 0A*IEV$0 VALUES ( EFFICI5T ABUNDANT PRODUCTION1 SOCIAL H>MONY1 & ONE POPUL> CULTURE W\LD PRODUCE EV5 MORE DEVA/AT+LY ! ?+S !Y DID NOT WANT3 AN AB/RACT & 9HUMAN PHYSICAL 5VIRONM5T1 A USELESS ECONOMY1 A CA/E SY/EM1 A DANG]\S CON=MITY1 A TRIVIAL & S5SATIONAL LEISURE4 7,SO ?AT N[ WE T5D TO ?9K ( ! ,GREEK POLIS AS AN 09TEGRAL COMMUNITY10 MAK+ A PUBLIC USE ( LEISURE & HAV+ A P]FECT$ $UCATION ( ! :OLE MAN1 :]EAS WE HAVE FRAGM5TS47 

,YET MIDWAY 9 ?IS TRANSITION FROM ! OLD TYCOON-&-CL]GYMAN CULTURE TO ! NEW MANAG]IAL ORGANIZATION1 !RE WAS CRY/ALLIZ$ A PRACTICAL ME?OD ( $UCATION ) ! DEFECTS ( NEI!R EXTREME 7& 9 MANY WAYS /RANGELY LIKE ,GREEK $UCATION72 & IT WAS GIV5 A S\ND+ BO>D ESPECIALLY BY ! D>+ ,TW5TIES4 ,PROGRESSIVE $UCATION DREW ON EV]Y RADICAL IDEA S9CE ! MIDDLE ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 9 P$AGOGY1 POLITICS1 SOCIALI/ & COMMUNIT>IAN !ORY1 EPI/EMOLOGY1 ES!TICS1 AN?ROPOLOGY1 & PSY*IATRY4 ,IT WAS AS IF PROGRESSIVE $UCATION RESOLV$ ?AT 9 ! $UCATION ( ! *ILDR5 !RE %\LD BE NO MISS$ REVOLUTIONS & NO UNF9I%$ SITUATIONS4 

,9 ITS HEYDAY1 PROGRESSIVE $UCATION WAS NOT SECT>IAN4 ,DIFF]5T S*OOLS LAID ! EMPHASIS 9 DIFF]5T PLACES--,DEWEY WAS MORE EXP]IM5TAL1 ,RUSSELL MORE RATIONAL1 ,NEILL MORE SEX-RE=MI/1 ! PEOPLE >\ND ,GODD>D & ,ANTIO* MORE COMMUNIT>IAN1 ,BE]A MORE 0H&ICRAFTS10 ,BLACK ,M\NTA9 MORE 0CREATIVE10 ,MU/E & ,F9CKE MORE POLITICAL-ECONOMICAL1 & SO =?4 ,BUT ,I ?9K ?AT ALMO/ ALL S*OOLS W\LD HAVE ACCEPT$1 9 V>Y+ DEGREES1 ALL ( ! FOLL[+ POSITIONS3  
  
  

,TO LE>N !ORY BY EXP]IM5T & DO+4  
  
  
  
  

,TO LE>N BELONG+ BY P>TICIPATION & SELF-RULE4  
  
  
  
  

,P]MISSIV5ESS 9 ALL ANIMAL BEHAVIOR & 9T]P]SONAL EXPRESSION4  
  
  
  
  

,EMPHASIS ON 9DIVIDUAL DIFF]5CES4  
  
  
  
  

,UNBLOCK+ & TRA9+ FEEL+ BY PLA/IC >TS1 EURY?MICS & DRAMATICS4  
  
  
  
  

,TOL]ANCE ( RACES1 CLASSES1 & CULTURES4  
  
  
  
  

,GR\P !RAPY AS A MEANS ( SOLID>ITY1 9 ! /AFF MEET+ & COMMUNITY MEET+4  
  
  
  
  

,TAK+ Y\? S]I\SLY AS AN AGE 9 ITSELF4  
  
  
  
  

,COMMUNITY ( Y\? & ADULTS1 M9IMIZ+ 0AU?ORITY40  
  
  
  
  

,$UCATIONAL USE ( ! ACTUAL PHYSICAL PLANT 7BUILD+S & F>MS7 & ! CULTURE ( ! S*OOL COMMUNITY4  
  
  
  
  

,EMPHASIS 9 ! CURRICULUM ON REAL PROBLEMS ( WID] SOCIETY1 ITS GEOGRAPHY & HI/ORY1 ) ACTUAL P>TICIPATION 9 ! NEI<BOR+ COMMUNITY 7VILLAGE OR CITY74  
  
  
  
  

,TRY+ = FUNCTIONAL 9T]RELATION ( ACTIVITIES4  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

,?IS IS NOT A P]FECT $UCATIONAL PROGRAM4 ,IT LACKS GR&EUR & EXPLOSIVE PLAYFULNESS4 ,IT LACKS RELIGI\S QUIET4 ,& IT IS WEAK 9 ! MODELS ( ! HUMANITIES4 ,BUT !RE CANNOT BE A 0P]FECT0 $UCATIONAL SY/EM1 = EA* SY/EM MU/ MEET ITS SOCIAL SITUATION4 ,9 A P]IOD LIKE \RS1 ( TRANSITION1 UPROOT$NESS1 9HUMAN SCALE1 TE*NICAL AB/RACTNESS1 AFFECTLESSNESS1 & CON=MITY1 NO LESS] PROGRAM IS S]I\SLY CONS]VATIVE ( HUMAN RES\RCES4 ,\R (FICIAL PUBLIC $UCATORS >E NOT S]I\S 9 !IR CONC]N = HUMAN RES\RCES1 OR !Y W\LD USE ?IS PROGRAM4 

,!RE HAS ALWAYS BE5 ONE CRITICISM ( PROGRESSIVE $UCATION ?AT MU/ BE ANSW]$1 NAMELY1 ?AT IT IS WEAK 9 CURRICULUM1 9 CULTURAL & SCI5TIFIC CONT5T4 ,I ?9K ?IS IS A MISUND]/&+4 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE CURRICULUM1 NO MATT] :AT ! ME?OD ( $UCATION3 :AT IS BASIC & UNIV]SAL 9 HUMAN EXP]I5CE & PRACTICE1 ! UND]LY+ /RUCTURE ( CULTURE4 7,CF4 ,APP5DIX ,D1 PAGE #b#e#f47 ,?IS PHILOSOPHIC CONT5T FANS \T AS SPEE*1 AS F9D+ :]E Y\ >E 9 SPACE & TIME1 AS MEASUR+ & /RUCTUR+1 & BE+ A SOCIAL ANIMAL4 ,IT MAY BE CALL$ ,5GLI%1 GEOGRAPHY & HI/ORY1 >I?METIC1 MUSIC & PHYSICAL TRA9+2 OR ,GREEK1 HI/ORY1 LOGIC1 & ,RUGBY2 OR TRIVIUM & QUADRIVIUM 7PLUS GAMES72 OR LIT]ATURE1 SOCIAL /UDIES1 SCI5CE1 & EURY?MICS4 ,IT IS ! SAME BASIC CURRICULUM2 ! DIFF]5CES >E 9 ME?OD1 & !Y CONC]N H[ TO TEA* ! CURRICULUM & MAKE IT SECOND NATURE TO ! /UD5TS1 UNBLOCK+ RA!R ?AN 5CUMB]+1 & BR++ \T ! BE/4 ,! CURRICULUM IS ONLY SUP]FICIALLY :AT 0A MAN \<T TO KN[02 IT IS MORE FUNDAM5TALLY H[ TO BECOME A MAN-9-!-WORLD4 ,! ME?OD MU/ V>Y ) :AT GOOD OR BAD HABITS & P[]S ! Y\NG HAVE COME ) 9 V>I\S SITUATIONS4 ,! CURRICULUM C]TA9LY CANNOT V>Y ) :AT IS TEMPOR>ILY CONV5I5T = A BAD SOCIETY 7! DEF9ITION ( A BAD SOCIETY BE+ ONE ?AT IS NOT $UCATIONAL74 ,NOT TO TEA* ! :OLE CURRICULUM IS TO GIVE UP ON ! :OLE MAN4 

,= 9/ANCE1 9 \R PRES5T ,COLD ,W> DEBATE AB\T TEA*+ SCI5CE1 ,DR4 ,KV>ACEUS1 ! ,NATIONAL ,$UCATION ,ASSOCIATION'S EXP]T ON DEL9QU5CY1 W>NS US ?AT GEOMETRY IS 0TOO H>D0 = MO/1 & ?AT TO 9SI/ ON IT = ALL WILL PRODUCE FAILURE & TRUANCY4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! PROGRESSIVE $UCATOR'S WAY ( LOOK+ AT IT4 ,IS IT ?AT GEOMETRY IS TOO H>D1 OR ?AT ! AIM ( TEA*+ IS NOT BONA FIDE1 BE+ RAPID TE*NICAL KN[-H[ RA!R ?AN HUMANE UND]/&+8 ,IS IT ?AT ! ME?OD IS IRRELEVANT TO ! APTITUDE & 9EPTITUDE ?AT ! *ILDR5 HAVE COME )8 ,:AT DISMAYS ME 9 ?9K+ LIKE ?AT ( ,DR4 ,KV>ACEUS IS ?AT IT DISREG>DS \R DUTY TO GEOMETRY AS SU* AS A WOR?-:ILE HUMAN OBJECT1 \R DUTY TO ,EUCLID1 ,KEPL]1 & ,E9/E94 ,! RESULT ( HIS ATTITUDE IS ?AT !SE *AMPIONS WILL NOT BE *AMPIONS = ALL M54 ,WE >E 9 A SAD DILEMMA IF1 AS IS ! CASE1 KIDS DON'T LE>N BECAUSE IT IS NOT HUMANLY WOR? :ILE TO LE>N1 !Y HAVE NO DEEP MOTIVATION2 & !N1 TO KEEP !M 9 S*OOL WE HAVE TO CUT D[N ON ! FEW SUBJECTS ?AT >E HUMANLY WOR? :ILE4 ,! QUE/ION CANNOT BE :E!R TO TEA* SCI5CE OR TO :OM1 = :AT IS MAN )\T SCI5CE8 BUT H[ TO TEA* IT 9 V>I\S CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,AT ! O!R POLE FROM ,DR4 ,KV>ACEUS1 ! REC5T PUBLIC AL>M AB\T ,SPUTNIK HAS L$ TO ,DR4 ,CONANT'S QUASI-(FICIAL & VA/LY CIRCULAT$ REPORTS ON ! HI< S*OOLS4 ,BUT BECAUSE ! CONC]N IS NOT S]I\S BUT IS SIMPLY FE> ( ! ,RUSSIANS1 ! REPORTS %[ SU* LITTLE P$AGOGIC IMAG9ATION ?AT !Y >E A M9OR NATIONAL DISA/]4 ,DR4 ,CONANT'S PHILOSOPHY IS EXPRESS$ 9 ! S5T5CE3  
  

,ATT5TION HAS BE5 C5T]$ = SO LONG ON ! 9DIVIDUALITY ( EA* *ILD ?AT .<$UCATORS.> RESI/ ANY IDEA ?AT A NEW NATIONAL CONC]N .<DEF5SE AGA9/ ,RUSSIA.> MI<T BE AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 PLANN+ A HI< S*OOL PROGRAM4 .<,FROM ,! ,*ILD1 ! ,P>5T1 & ! ,/ATE4.>  
  

,:AT AN EXTRAORD9>Y ?\<T1 ?AT !RE C\LD BE A CONFLICT BETWE5 ! UNFOLD+ 9DIVIDUALITY & ! A*IEVEM5T ( HABITS ( SCI5CE6 ,:5 ,DR4 ,CONANT PROPOSES ?AT ! BRI<T UPP] FRACTION ( ! /UD5TS BE SOMEH[ 9DUC$ TO TAKE H>D PROGRAMS--= EV]Y:]E L>GE P]C5TAGES ( ! BRI<TE/ %IRK ! H>D C\RSES OR QUIT S*OOL--HE DOES NOT ASK :AT IS AT PRES5T LACK+ 9 !IR MOTIVATION4 ,HE OBJECTS TO TREAT+ $UCATION 9 A VACUUM1 BUT HE TREATS \R NATIONAL NE$S 9 A VACUUM4 ,WILL ! 9C5TIVE TO FI<T AN ATOMIC W>1 OR A ,COLD ,W>1 MAT* ! SOCIAL APA?Y & CYNICISM ( !SE BOYS8 ,MORE IMPORTANT1 ,DR4 ,CONANT DOES NOT SEEM TO WOND] :Y !RE >E SO FEW 7#a#e P] C5T7 :O >E 0ACADEMICALLY TAL5T$40 ,DOES HE ?9K ?AT ! G5]AL DULLNESS ( ! HI< S*OOL POPULATION HAS OCCURR$ 9 A VOID8 ,CONTRA/ A REM>K ON ! SAME SUBJECT BY ! ,DEAN ( ,TEA*]S ,COLLEGE1 ,JOHN ,FIS*]3 0,I HAVE A /RONG SUSPICION ?AT WE HAVE LE>N$ LITTLE AB\T ! ABILITIES ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,I SUSPECT !Y >E GREAT] ?AN MO/ PEOPLE ASSUME40 ,IF ONE IS CONC]N$ AB\T CONS]V+ HUMAN RES\RCES1 ?IS W\LD SEEM TO BE ! OBVI\S FIR/ APPROA*3 TO F9D :Y MO/ >E SO 9EPT & TO 9V5T TE*NIQUES TO UNBLOCK !M1 TO 9CREASE ! POOL ( ! 0ACADEMICALLY TAL5T$40 ,P]HAPS ! CONV5TIONAL S*OOL ITSELF IS NOT SU* A GOOD IDEA1 ESPECIALLY IF ! 0NATIONAL NE$0 IS = CREATIVE SCI5TI/S2 = AT ! PO9T 9 !IR C>E]S AT :I* !SE BOYS >E TE/$ 7SAY AGES TWELVE TO FIFTE571 ! 0BRI<TNESS0 ( ! #ae P] C5T MI<T OR MI<T NOT 9DICATE A PR(\ND FEEL+ = ! CAUSES ( ?+S2 IT IS L>GELY V]BAL & SYMBOL-MANIPULAT+1 & IS ALMO/ C]TA9LY P>TLY AN OBSESSIONAL DEVICE NOT TO KN[ & T\* RISKY MATT]1 JU/ AS ,FREUD LONG AGO PO9T$ \T ?AT ! NAGG+ QUE/IONS ( SMALL *ILDR5 >E A SUB/ITUTE = ASK+ ! =BIDD5 QUE/IONS4 

,IF !SE >E ! IMPORTANT K9DS ( ISSUES--MOTIVATION1 UNBLOCK+ ABILITY1 DEEP-ROOT$NESS ( LE>N+--A LITTLE MORE ATT5TION TO ! 9DIVIDUALITY ( ! *ILD1 & SOME MORE PROGRESSIVE $UCATION1 MI<T SUIT ! NATIONAL NE$4 ,IT MI<T EV5 SPE$ UP ! 9V5TION ( ROCKETS4 

7,! NADIR ( ! REC5T P$AGOGIC WISDOM IS1 ,I SUPPOSE1 ! LOGIC ( \R FI]CE ,DR4 ,$W>D ,TELL] ( ,B]KELEY4 ,IF ! ,RUSSIANS CONT9UE TO \TPACE US1 HE 9=MS US1 !Y WILL L& ON ! MOON FIR/1 !Y WILL CONTROL WEA!R1 P]FECT IRRESI/IBLE WEAPONS1 LEAD ! WORLD 9 EV]Y?+1 & 0!N FRE$OM WILL BE LO/ H]E & EV]Y:]E40 ,YET A C\PLE ( P>AGRAPHS LAT] WE LE>N ?AT 09 SCI5CE ANYBODY'S SUCCESS IS Y\R SUCCESS 444 SCI5TIFIC PEOPLE CAN1 & DO1 CO-OP]ATE NO MATT] :AT !IR NATIONALITIES >E10 !Y SPEAK AN 9T]NATIONAL LANGUAGE1 & !Y BELONG TO AN 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNITY 0:O PRACTICE ! BRO!RHOOD ( MAN40 0,A HEAL?Y SIGN10 REJOICES ,DR4 ,TELL]1 0IS ?AT SAL>IES = SCI5TI/S >E $G+ UPW>D02 ! UNIV]SITIES1 PRIVATE RESE>* LABORATORIES1 9DU/RIAL CONC]NS & ! GOV]NM5T 0ASSURE TO SCI5TI/S A COM=TABLE1 SECURE LIFE40 0,NOT10 H[EV]1 0?AT MONEY %\LD BE A FACTOR 9 DECID+ ON A SCI5TIFIC C>E]10 = ! ,PR(ESSOR'S CONCLUD+ !ME IS ?AT 0SCI5CE IS FUN40 ,! ESSAY1 0,%\LD ,Y\ ,BE A ,SCI5TI/80 APPE>$ AS A PUBLIC S]VICE ADV]TISEM5T 9 ! ,SATURDAY ,EV5+ ,PO/1 ,LADIES' ,HOME ,J\RNAL1 ,LIFE1 & ,S*OLA/IC MAGAZ9ES47 

#g4 

  

,! REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM ( PROGRESSIVE $UCATION MISS$ \T1 OR ,I %\LD NOT BE WRIT+ ?IS GLOOMY BOOK4 ,! MO/ VOCAL & SUP]FICIAL OBJECTIONS TO IT CAME FROM ! CONS]VATIVES :O SAID ?AT IT FL\T$ ! ,WE/]N ,TRADITION1 ! ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN ,TRADITION1 ! ,?REE ,R'S1 ,MORAL ,DEC5CY1 ,PATRIOTISM1 & ! ,RESPECT = ,AU?ORITY4 ,BUT ! DAMAG+1 & 9DE$ FATAL1 BL[S TO PROGRESSIVE $UCATION HAVE COME FROM ?OSE TIMID )9 ! MOVEM5T ITSELF1 :O FE>$ ?AT ! TRA9+ DID NOT PROVIDE AN EASY ADJU/M5T TO LIFE1 MEAN+ BY 0LIFE0 TAK+ ONE'S ROLE 9 ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM4 ,?IS OP9ION HAS GRADUALLY PREVAIL$1 & N[ ! DOCTR9ES ( PROGRESSIVE $UCATION ?AT HAVE MADE HEADWAY 9 ! PUBLIC S*OOLS >E PRECISELY LE>N+ TO GET ALONG ) PEOPLE1 TOL]ANCE1 & 0REAL LIFE PROBLEMS0 SU* AS AUTO DRIV+ & SOCIAL DANC+4 ,!Y >E NOT ?OSE ?AT P]TA9 TO PASSIONATELY TE/+ ! 5VIRONM5T RA!R ?AT 0ADJU/+0 TO IT4 ,:AT W\LD ONE EXPECT8 ,!RE IS NO?+ SPECIAL AB\T ! FAILURE ( PROGRESSIVE $UCATION TO MAKE ITS WAY2 IT HAS SUFF]$ ! SAME COMPROMISES AS TW5TY O!R REVOLUTIONS ?AT ,I %ALL LI/ 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,! DOM9ANT CLASS 9 SOCIETY SEES TO IT ?AT IT GETS LIKEWISE ! 0PROGRESSIVE $UCATION0 ?AT SUITS4 

#h4 

  

,LET US RETURN TO ! ?READ ( \R >GUM5T4 ,BESIDES ! \T-(-SCALE PHYSICAL 5VIRONM5T & ITS COMPLICAT$ TE*NIQUES1 ! SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T TOO IS BAFFL+ & PRODUCES 9EPTITUDE & LOSS ( ! S5SE ( CAUSALITY4 

,?9K ( A *ILD TRY+ TO COPE ) ,PROP]TY ,RI<TS1 A MO/ AB/RACT NOTION4 ,!RE IS NO PROBLEM :5 IT IS A CASE ( SOME?+ BE+ US$ BY SOMEBODY ELSE1 :5 ,JACK TRIES TO TAKE ,BOBBY'S %OVEL \T ( HIS H& & ,BOBBY CL\TS HIM OV] ! HEAD ) IT OR COMPLA9S TO AU?ORITY 9 NO UNC]TA9 T]MS4 ,! PUZZLEM5T COMES :5 ! %OVEL IS IDLE & ,MAMA SAYS1 0,Y\ MU/N'T USE ?AT %OVEL1 IT'S ,BOBBY'S40 ,:AT IMPRESSES ! *ILD IS NO PRECISE IDEA1 BUT ! GR[NUP'S TONE ( CONVICTION4 ,! *ILD 0BELIEVES10 ?\< !RE IS NO EVID5CE ( HIS S5SES4 ,IT IS ! BEG9N+ ( :AT ,M>X CALL$ ! FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES4 ,:AT IS SICK5+ IS ?AT IT IS JU/ ?IS K9D ( 9FLU5C+ ?AT IS WANT$ BY PRIE/S1 MAYORS1 & TAV]N PHILOSOPH]S :O DECL>E ?AT MORE HOME 9FLU5CE IS ! REM$Y = \R TR\BLES ( Y\?4 

,BUT ! SOCIAL RELATION%IPS ( ! GR[NUPS !MSELVES >E \T ( HUMAN SCALE1 = 9 ! CORPORATE SY/EM ( ORGANIZATION ! PUZZL+ HAS BECOME ALTOGE!R MY/]I\S4 ,IT IS DI/URB+ TO A *ILD TO S5SE ?AT HIS MO!R IS UND] ! UNSE5 ?UMB ( RELIGION OR HIS FA!R ( ! BOSS4 ,BUT ! TOP MANAG]S 9 \R SEMIMONOPOLIES >E QUITE ANONYM\S4 ,?IS IS P>T ( ! NEW MANAG]IAL CODE1 AS DESCRIB$ BY ,=TUNE ITSELF4 ,A *ILD CANNOT USE !M AS MODEL H]OES1 = !Y >E 9VISIBLE4 ,?IS IS :Y ,JACKIE ,ROB9SON'S PROPOSAL TO IMPORT ! ,T,V P]SONALITIES AS ]SATZ MODELS IS SO UN=TUNATE1 = !SE VISIBLE 0H]OES0 >E PUPPETS4 ,) ! 9CREAS+ CONC5TRATION ( MANAGEM5T & CONTROL1 AS ,A4 ,A4 ,B]LE HAS PO9T$ \T1 !RE IS LESS RELATION EV5 TO ,PROP]TY ,RI<TS4 

,CONSID] IT4 ,IF ONE IS PUT UPON OR ABUS$1 ) :OM %ALL HE BE ANGRY8 ,ONE CANNOT V5T RAGE AGA9/ AN AB/RACT SY/EM4 ,BUT !RE IS NO NE$ TO V5T FEEL+1 = IT IS A MATT] ( ! GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE & O!R REGUL> *ANNELS4 ,9 ! ,MIDDLE ,/ATUS1 ! HE>T ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM1 ! SITUATION IS NOT ! SAME AS 9 A BUREAUCRACY1 ) :I* IT IS USUALLY COMP>$2 = A BUREAUCRACY HAS A WRITT5 CODE & A DEF9ITE PECK+-ORD]2 BUT ! ORGANIZATION PROTECTS EV]YBODY'S P]SONAL DIGNITY1 & ITS SUBTLE 9T]P]SONAL FEUD+ & COMPETITION CANNOT BE CODIFI$1 = IT IS )\T ANY OBJECTIVE UTILITY TO GIVE A PR9CIPLE4 ,EV5 ?AT MI<TY SY/EM ! ,/ATE IS MORE MAT]IAL3 IT HAS BANN]S1 SOLDI]S1 ELECTIONS1 PO/M51 POLICE4 ,9 A *ILD IT R\SES AWE & FE>4 ,BUT ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM EXI/S ONLY 9 ! BL& FRONT ( ITS BR&-NAME PRODUCTS & ADV]TIS+4 ,!RE IS NO KN[+ H[ IT IS RUN OR :O DET]M9ES4 

,IT IS 9 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT Y\NG P]SONS GR[ UP CONV9C$ ?AT EV]Y?+ IS DONE ) MIRRORS1 BY 09FLU5CE40 ,NOT EV5 ! P]SONAL 9FLU5CE ( NEPOTISM1 BUT SOME?+ MORE LIKE ! A/ROLOGICAL 9FLU5CE ( ! PLANETS4 ,! S5SE ( 9ITIATIVE1 CAUSALITY1 SKILL HAS BE5 DISC\RAG$4 ,M]IT IS A TRAIT ( 0P]SONALITY40 ,LE>N+ IS ! POSSESSION ( A ,DIPLOMA4 ,USEFULNESS IS A ,UNION ,C>D4 ,JU/IFICATION IS ,BELONG+4 

#i4 

  

,WE >E N[ 9 A POSITION TO UND]/& ! ,HIP/] AS ,ROLE ,PLAY]4 

,! ,ROLE ,PLAY] IS ! FELL[ :O1 )\T ANY REAL APTITUDE OR TRA9+ TO DO ANY?+1 & )\T A COMMITM5T TO ANY GOAL1 CAN SKILLFULLY FIT ! EXPECTATIONS ?AT PEOPLE HAVE ( HIM1 & GIVE TYPICAL P]=MANCES TO PROVE ?AT HE CAN DO ! JOB4 ,! ,ROLES ( SOCIETY >E ! CAPITALIZ$ N\NS 9 ,TIME /YLE1 E4G41 ,PHILOSOPH] ,RUSSELL OR ,V]Y ,IMPORTANT ,P]SON4 ,!RE >E GREAT ADVANTAGES 9 BE+ A HIP/] 9 ?IS S5SE4 ,FIR/1 IT IS A WAY ( GETT+ BY4 ,IF A MAN FEELS ?AT HE IS NOT ANY?+1 HE IS AT LEA/ TAK5 = SOME?+1 & HE BELONGS4 ,!N HE CAN FEEL CONTEMPT = ! O!RS BECAUSE !Y >E FOOLS1 !Y >E TAK5 92 & SO HE SATISFIES HIS SPITE4 ,& HE CAN FEEL MORE CONFID5T ?AT ! SO-CALL$ WOR?-:ILE AIMS >E EMPTY BECAUSE HE CAN GIVE A TOK5 P]=MANCE1 & ?IS CALMS HIS [N GNAW+ FEEL+S ( FRU/RATION & WOR?LESSNESS4 ,F9ALLY1 ,ROLE ,PLAY+ PROTECTS A DEEP CONCEIT ( ONE'S AB/RACT P[]S3 ONE 0C\LD0 IF ONE WANT$1 BUT 9 FACT IS NEV] TE/$4 ,! HIP/] 9 ?IS S5SE MU/ BE DI/+UI%$ FROM ! 9DU/RI\S CONFID5CE MAN :O WANTS TO GET ! SWAG & VANI%1 & DOES NOT ?RIVE ON PUBLICITY4 ,! HIP/] WILL (T5 BOA/3 HE KN[S ! SCORE1 HE IS AHEAD ( ! GAME4 

,?IS COOL ATTITUDE ( ! HIP/] IS 5DEMIC 9 ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM4 ,BUT ON ! O!R H&1 ! COMMITT$ ,ORGANIZATION ,MAN ALSO REALLY BELONGS1 HE HAS /ATUS & SAL>Y & MU/ PROTECT !M4 ,!RE=E ! JUNIOR EXECUTIVE IS 9 A T]RIBLE CONTRADICTION4 ,HE IS CYNICAL AB\T ! AIMS ( ! FIRM1 YET HE FE>S ?AT HIS [N 9EPTITUDE WILL BE F\ND \T4 ,HE HAS NO REC\RSE TO CONCRETE P]=MANCE1 = !RE IS LITTLE CONTACT ) UNAMBIGU\S MAT]IAL & !RE >E NO OBJECTIVE /&>DS4 ,H[ TO MEET A PURELY SUBJECTIVE DEM&8 ,9 PA9 7EV5 ULC]S7 HE HAS TO GET BY BY ROLE PLAY+1 9T]P]SONAL RELATIONS AB/RACT$ FROM BO? ANIMAL DESIRE OR TANGIBLE A*IEVEM5T4 ,HE MEETS EXPECTATIONS1 HE CON=MS1 HE ONE-UPS1 HE PROVES HE MU/ KN[ H[ BY ATTA9+ A HI<] /ATUS4 

0,! TRA9EE10 SAYS ,WILLIAM ,H4 ,:YTE1 ,JR41 0BELIEVES MANAG+ IS AN 5D 9 ITSELF--TE*NIQUE IS MORE VITAL ?AN CONT5T40 ,COMP>E ! ID5TICAL REM>K 9 A MEMOR&UM ( ! ,LIB]AL ,PROJECT 9 ,CONGRESS3 ,! PA/ FEW YE>S 0HAVE GIV5 RISE TO A P>TICUL> BR& ( POLITICIAN4 ,HE IS COMPLETELY ME?OD-ORI5T$4 ,! SUB/ANCE ( A BILL IS NOT IMPORTANT1 IT IS RA!R ! PROCESS ( PASS+ ! BILL ?AT IS P>AM\NT40 ,! NEW-TYPE SALESMAN DOES NOT SELL ! PRODUCT BUT ! MAN3 BY ! EXP5SE ACC\NT HE PROVES ?AT HE IS A RI<T GUY & HE CONFIRMS ! BUY]'S IMAGE ( HIMSELF1 :ATEV] ?AT HAPP5S TO BE4 

,= MANY BRI<T Y\NG FELL[S1 ,I ?9K1 ! ,ORGANIZATION HAS TAK5 ! PLACE ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAD 9 ! ,?IRTIES4 ,AT ?AT TIME Y\NG M5 :O W]E FRU/RAT$ 9 !IR CREATIVE LIVES1 P]HAPS BECAUSE UNABLE TO /& ! GAFF1 TOOK \T !IR SELF-HATR$ ON ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 & (T5 ) SUBLIME SELF-CONTEMPT ACCEPT$ JOBS ) HI< SAL>IES4 ,9 \R DECADE1 ! Y\NG M5 BELIEVE !Y BELONG TO ! GOV]N+ BO>D1 & !IR RES5TM5T HAS TURN$ TO CYNICISM4 ,! /&>D ( HUMAN 9TEGRITY IS EQUIVAL5T4 

,! TYPE SITUATION ( ,ROLE ,PLAY+ IS ! ,AIR ,=CE QUE/IONNAIRE ASK+ :O IS ,GIOTTO OR ,VIVALDI3 IF ! C&IDATE GIVES ! RI<T ANSW]1 HE IS DISQUALIFI$1 HE WILL NOT BELONG4 ,! ,ROLE ,PLAY] HAS NO DIFFICULTY4 

,I WAS REC5TLY AT ANO!R CONV5TION 7,NATIONAL ,RECREATION ,CONGRESS1 #a#i#e#i71 & /RIK+ WAS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! WORK+ /IFFS1 ! ACTUAL DIRECTORS ( PLAY & GR\P ACTIVITIES1 & ! ADM9I/RATORS4 ,! ACTUAL DIRECTORS W]E HUMAN BE+S1 (T5 5?USIA/IC & PR\D ( HAPPY IMPROVIZATIONS & /ROKES ( GOOD JUDGM5T ?AT !Y WANT$ TO REPORT4 ,BUT ! ADM9I/RATORS W]E CONC]N$ AB\T /&>DS1 C]TIFICATES1 AVOID+ COMPLA9TS & (F5D+1 & PROV+ !IR D$ICAT$ S]VICE2 IT WAS CLE> ?AT !Y WANT$ ABOVE ALL TO DIM9I% ! FACTOR ( RISK = !MSELVES & CREATE A FRONT TO GET BIGG] APPROPRIATIONS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME !Y KEPT ASK+ H[ TO RECRUIT ,LEAD]S2 BUT IT WAS EVID5T ?AT ! MORE /RICTLY !Y APPLI$ !IR /&>DS1 ! MORE SURELY !Y W\LD ELIM9ATE ! LEAD]S4 

,WE MU/ CONTRA/ ! CONCEPT ( ,ROLE1 MEET+ EXPECTATIONS BY PLAY+ IT COOL & KN[+ ! TE*NIQUE = A TOK5 P]=MANCE1 ) ! CONCEPT ( ,ID5TITY ?AT ,H>OLD ,ROS5B]G SO WELL DESCRIBES 9 ,! ,TRADITION ( ! ,NEW4 ,ONE DISCOV]S1 FI<TS =1 APPO9TS ONESELF TO ONE'S ,ID5TITY4 ,ID5TITY IS DEF9$ BY ITS TASK1 MISSION1 PRODUCT2 ROLE DEP5DS ON ! 9T]P]SONAL EXPECTATION ( ! O!RS4 

,NATURALLY1 /ATESM5 & PUBLIC SPOKESM5 >E ! ROLE PLAY]S1 HIP/]S1 P> EXCELL5CE4 ,!Y EXI/ BY ,FRONT & GIV+ SYMBOLIC SATISFACTION1 SO IT IS NOT TO BE HOP$ ?AT !IR SPEE* BE S]I\S1 RELEVANT TO :AT OBJECTIVELY EXI/S4 ,BUT IT IS DISMAY+ TO F9D ! SAME SYMBOLIC RELATIONS 9 5T]PRISES ( PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS4 ,ONE CANNOT HELP DI/RU/+ ! GOODS1 ?9K+ !Y >E ONLY PACKAGES & BR& NAMES4 ,& SO1 BECOM+ DISAFFECT$ FROM !SE 5T]PRISES1 ! ,BEAT ,G5]ATION SOMETIMES COMES TO DESPISE REAL GOODS4 ,IT TAKES GOODS TO BE M]ELY COMMODITIES ?AT MU/ BE SPURN$3 ?IS IS ! FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES 9 REV]SE4 

,LET US SUM UP4 ,! FACTORY OP]ATIVES :O C\LDN'T C>E LESS AB\T !IR JOBS >E NOT MU* AW>E ( :AT !Y PRODUCE2 CAUSALITY IS BUILT 9TO ! MA*9]Y4 ,! JUNIOR EXECUTIVES1 ADV]TIS+ M51 SALESM5 >E ROLE PLAY]S & HAVE LITTLE CAUSAL RELATION TO ! PRODUCTS4 ,PRESUMABLY ! TE*NICIANS & TOP MANAG]S KN[ SOME?+ AB\T & PRODUCE ! PRODUCTS1 S9CE ! PRODUCTS DO COME TO EXI/4 ,& ! EVID5CE IS ?AT ! TOP MANAG]S DO WORK V]Y H>D ON PRODUCTION & SALES2 !Y WORK A SIXTY-H\R WEEK & >E PR\D ( !IR WORK4 ,BUT EV5 !Y HAVE TO DEVOTE AN 9CREAS+ MAJORITY ( !IR TIME TO 9T]P]SONAL GAMES ( NO PRODUCTIVE USE--#i P] C5T1 SAYS ONE1 M5TION$ BY ,W4 ,H4 ,:YTE1 ,JR4 

7,LET ME GIVE A TYPICAL ILLU/RATION4 ,!RE IS A WELL-KN[N MON?LY MAGAZ9E ?AT FIVE $ITORS US$ TO PUT \T ) A WEEK'S WORK4 ,IT WAS PRETTY GOOD4 ,UN=TUNATELY IT MADE A REPUTATION = ITSELF & ITS WEAL?Y SPONSORS HIR$ A /AFF ( T5 SECRET>IES & ASSI/ANTS TO ! $ITORS4 ,SOON ! $ITORS F\ND !MSELVES WORK+ ALL MON?1 & QUIT4 ,! MAGAZ9E LO/ ALL ITS SP>K47 

,CONSID]+ ! TE*NICAL POSSIBILITIES1 WE MU/ SAY ?AT \R PHYSICAL 5VIRONM5T *ANGES V]Y SL[LY4 ,?IS IS NOT SURPRIS+1 = SO LITTLE ?\<T IS GIV5 TO IT4 

#a4 

  

,WE HAVE 9 ,AM]ICA A MY/IQUE ( 0PRODUCTION0 & A MAN 5GAG$ 9 0PRODUCTION0 IS HI<LY E/EEM$4 ,9 ,! ,AFFLU5T ,SOCIETY1 ,J4 ,K4 ,GALBRAI? %[S ?AT ?IS ATTITUDE IS 5TIRELY SPECI\S4 ,( FIVE WAYS 9 :I* PRODUCTION CAN BE 9CREAS$3 7#a7 EXCEPT 9 W>TIME WE DO NOT TRY TO 9CREASE ! LABOR SUPPLY2 7#b7 WE DO NOT TRY TO 5C\RAGE NEW 5T]PRISES2 7#c7 9 MO/ 9DU/RIES1 WE DO NOT TRY = TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION4 ,ALL ! /RESS IS LAID ON 7#d7 FULL EMPLOYM5T1 & 7#e7 EFFICI5T USE ( PRES5T CAPITAL4 

,BUT ?IS ECONOMI/ DOES NOT EV5 BO!R TO M5TION ! FACTOR ( PRODUCTIVITY ?AT CONC]NS US H]E3 7#f7 TO 9CREASE ! APTITUDE & SKILL ( EA* LAD4 ,9DE$1 AS WE HAVE TRI$ TO %[1 RA!R ?AN 5C\RAG$ IT IS SY/EMATICALLY RET>D$4 ,IT W\LD NOT TODAY BE SAID1 AS IT US$ TO BE1 ?AT ! ,AM]ICANS >E BORN ME*ANICS4 ,AMONG ! MODEL H]OES ( ! Y\NG WE DO NOT ?9K ( ,$ISON1 ,BURBANK1 ,=D1 ,/E9METZ1 & SO =?4 ,IT IS ANA*RONI/IC TO M5TION !IR NAMES4 

,! JUV5ILE LIT]>Y & PICTORIAL IMAGE ( ! 9V5TOR & SCI5TI/ HAS CORRESPOND+LY *ANG$4 ,TWO G5]ATIONS AGO IT WAS A K9DLY BUMBL+ OLD FOOL1 UNKEMPT BUT /UBBORN & BRAVE1 & ) A LI<T ( DIV9E TRU? 9 HIS EYES4 ,A G5]ATION AGO SCI5CE BEGAN TO BE ALTOGE!R /RANGE & ! SCI5TI/ BEGAN TO BE A SURGEON ) RUBB] GLOVES OR A COLD MANIAC ) DIABOLIC P[] 9 HIS EYES4 ,BUT ?IS /]EOTYPE IS =BIDD5 TODAY1 = /RATEGIC REASONS1 & ! SCI5TI/ IS N[ A Y\NG1 NEATLY DRESS$1 COOP]ATIVE ,ORGANIZATION ,MAN HOLD+ UP SOME APP>ATUS ?AT PROVES HIS ROLE1 BUT NO?+ 9 HIS EYES AT ALL1 AT ALL4 ,BUT HE IS HAV+ FUN4 

,! CLAIM ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM IS ?AT RESE>* & 9V5TION >E 9 !IR NATURE 9CREAS+LY CORPORATIVE & ANONYM\S1 & ?IS PRODUCES GREAT RESULTS4 ,?AT IS DEBATABLE4 ,I D\BT ?AT V]Y MU* IS CORPORATIVELY 9V5T$ :I* IS NOT PRETTY DIRECTLY DICTAT$ BY MANAG]IAL NE$ & POLICY1 :]EAS ! ESS5CE ( 9V5TION IS TO BE HI!RTO-UN?\<T-(--?\<1 ( C\RSE1 !RE OCCURS ! RI* COM$Y ( ADM9I/RATORS ANXI\SLY WAIT+ = MA!MATICIANS TO TURN UP ) SOME?+ 0USEFUL10 & NEV] KN[+ :AT GOES ON BEH9D ?OSE SPECTACLES4 7,I HAVE A MA!MATICIAN FRI5D :O BILLS HIS FIRM = OV]TIME BECAUSE HE T5DS TO ?9K ( ?+S 9 B$ AB\T #b ,A4,M4 & HIS ATTITUDE IS ?AT !Y CAN TAKE IT OR LEAVE IT47 ,C]TA9LY ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE IS NOT UNTYPICAL3 ,A GIFT$ FOOD *EMI/ PUTS 9 SIX MON?S DEVELOP+ A =MULA2 HE IS SUCCESSFUL & ! PRODUCT IS GO+ TO BE PU%$ ) A MILLION-DOLL> CAMPAIGN2 IT IS1 9 HIS OP9ION1 ID5TICAL )--,MAYONNAISE1 ! POPUL> BR&4 7,9 ?IS CASE ! SCI5TI/ SUDD5LY DECID$ TO QUIT & TO SET HIMSELF UP AS AN 9DEP5D5T CONSULTANT1 HOP+ ?AT PEOPLE W\LD COME 9 ) REAL PROBLEMS47 

,PRO( ON ?IS K9D ( ISSUE IS DIFFICULT4 ,ON ! ONE SIDE1 ! CORPORATIONS1 HAV+ PREEMPT$ MU* ( ! TAL5T1 PO9T PR\DLY TO 9V5TIONS MADE UND] !IR AUSPICES1 AS IF !Y MI<T NOT HAVE BE5 MADE ANYWAY4 ,ON ! O!R SIDE1 !IR OPPON5TS >GUE FROM 9V5TIONS-?AT-HAVE-NOT-BE5-MADE1 A PECULI> METAPHYSICAL CATEGORY1 E4G41 0,IF ALL ! CAPITAL & RESE>* HAD NOT GONE 9TO 9T]NAL COMBU/ION 5G9ES1 BY N[ WE %\LD HAVE MU* SUP]IOR /EAM OR ELECTRIC C>S40 ,IT MAY BE SAID DEF9ITELY ?AT RESE>* 5TAIL+ MILLION-DOLL> EQUIPM5T & VA/ SAMPL+S ( ! POPULACE CANNOT BE C>RI$ ON )\T CORPORATIVE OR /ATE SPONSOR%IP2 YET MANY W\LD D5Y ?AT ?IS /YLE ( RESE>*1 & EXP5SE ( SOCIAL WEAL?1 IS SO FRUITFUL AS ! OLD ,AM]ICAN %OE/R+ OP]ATOR OR ! SEV5TE5?-C5TURY G5TLEMAN-PHILOSOPH] ) HIS DUMB-BUNNY APP>ATUS & T[]+ 9TELLECT4 ,WE C]TA9LY HAVE AT PRES5T ! DISMAL SITUATION ?AT ! MO/ IMAG9ATIVE M5 >E DIRECT$ BY A GR\P1 ! TOP MANAG]S1 :O >E AMONG ! LEA/1 H>D-WORK+ ?\< !Y MAY BE4 ,ALSO1 9V5TIONS MADE \TSIDE ! ORGANIZATION >E NOTORI\SLY B\<T UP & )HELD OR O!RWISE SABOTAG$ BY ! ORGANIZATION4 7,TO MY CONSCI5CE1 ?IS PRACTICE1 ( KEEP+ BASIC NEW IDEAS 9 LIMBO UNTIL IT IS PR(ITABLE TO EXPLOIT !M1 IS IMMORAL & DISRUPTIVE ( ! COMMUNITY ( MANK9D F> MORE ?AN RIGG$ QUIZ %[S1 BUT IT COMES FROM ! SAME BOX1 :OSE LABEL IS ,9TELLECT ,B\<T47 

,SO WE RETURN TO ! ,PRESID5T ( ,M]CK & ,COMPANY1 :O1 HAUL$ BE=E A ,S5ATE 9VE/IGATION ON *>GES ?AT ,M]CK & ITS SEMIMONOPOLI/IC 0COMPETITORS0 W]E CRIM9ALLY OV]PRIC+ DRUGS1 W>N$ ! ,S5ATORS ?AT !Y MI<T 0UPSET ! DELICATE BALANCE WE HAVE BE5 ABLE TO DEVELOP OV] ! YE>S BETWE5 ! QUE/ = SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE ON ! ONE H& & ! DRIVE = F9ANCIAL SUCCESS ON ! O!R4066 ,QUO USQUE T&EM4 

,! SITUATION ( A Y\NG FELL[ IS IRONICAL4 ,IF HE HAS REA*$ COLLEGE AGE & HAS TE*NICAL APTITUDE1 ! MO/ DESP]ATE ATTEMPTS >E MADE TO GET HIM = ?IS OR ?AT FIRM4 ,!Y PAY = HIS S*OOL+ & GU>ANTEE HIM A JOB4 ,MEANTIME1 ! SY/EMATIC BEHAVIOR ( ?OSE FIRMS HAS BE5 TO BAFFLE APTITUDE 9 ! Y\NG & TO LIMIT IT :]E IT HAS SURVIV$4 

,IT IS 9 ?IS CONTEXT ?AT WE MU/ LI/5 TO ,DR4 ,CONANT'S RECOMM5DATIONS = ! HI< S*OOL3 ! SELECTION ( ! ACADEMICALLY TAL5T$1 ! TOP #ae P] C5T1 TO MAJOR 9 A PROGRAM ( MA!MATICS & SCI5CES4 ,NO EF=T IS MADE TO 9CREASE ! POOL ( ABILITY2 & ! PUBLIC S*OOLS >E1 EFFECTUALLY1 TO BE US$ AS APPR5TICE TRA9+ GR\NDS = ! MONOPOLIES & ! >M$ =CES4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #f1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 

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