,*APT] #a 
,! ,E>LY ,FATALI/IC 

#aifaif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,X4 ,! ,E>LY ,FATALI/IC 

  
#a4 

  

,FROM ! SUBJECTS ( \R LA/ *APT]1 ! ,BEAT ,G5]ATION1 WE C\LD LE>N SOME?+ CULTURALLY USEFUL4 ,IF WE TURN N[ TO ! BIG-CITY JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY ( ! UND]PRIVILEG$1 E4G41 NEW IMMIGRANTS ECONOMICALLY M>G9AL1 WE >E DEAL+ ) UN$UCAT$ *ILDR54 ,!IR LEGAL >RE/S & CONVICTIONS OCCUR AT AV]AGE AGE FIFTE5 TO SIXTE51 BUT !IR DEL9QU5CIES DATE FROM TWELVE & ?IRTE51 IF NOT E>LI]2 & ( C\RSE !Y ATT5D S*OOL ! LEA/ & GET ! LEA/ \T ( IT4 ,! SO-CALL$ 0DEL9QU5T SUBCULTURE0 HAS A FEW FLA%+ & *>M+ TRAITS1 BUT NO?+ 9 IT IS VIABLE OR IMITABLE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! FI<T !SE KIDS PUT UP1 ! RECORD ( !IR DEL9QU5CIES1 DOES TE/ & EXPLORE \R SOCIETY4 

,! ACC\NTS & /ATI/ICS ( DEL9QU5CY COME MO/LY FROM SOCIAL AG5CIES1 ! POLICE1 & RE=M S*OOLS4 ,9 A S5SE WE KN[ AB\T JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY ONLY FROM ITS FAILURES1 ! LADS :O >E MO/ DI/URB$ & HAVE ! LEA/ G5]AL ABILITY--EXCEPT ! ONE IMPORTANT ABILITY ( GETT+ CAU<T4 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?IS GIVES US A VALID PICTURE2 SO 9 ! FOLL[+ DISCUSSION1 ,I %ALL P]SI/5TLY TRY TO DI/+UI% ,DEL9QU5T ,BEHAVIOR AS DO+-!-=-BIDD5-&-EV5-DEFIANT FROM ,DEL9QU5T ,BEHAVIOR 9-ORD]-TO-GET-CAU<T4 7,NATURALLY ,I %ALL (T5 HAVE TO SAY1 0,I GUESS407 

#b4 

  

,?US F> WE HAVE BE5 US+ A FAIRLY /&>D !ORY ( DEL9QU5CY1 ?\< BETT] R\ND$1 ,I ?9K1 ?AN ! USUAL /ATEM5T ( IT4 ,LET US RECAPITULATE IT3 ,! E>LY *ILDHOOD ( JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS IS 0P]MISSIVE0 OR 0NEGLECT$10 DEP5D+ ON ! PO9T ( VIEW4 ,!Y PLAY TRUANT & QUIT S*OOL AS SOON AS !Y CAN4 ,?IS IS NOT NECESS>ILY A FAIL+ 9 !M1 = ! S*OOLS >E POOR1 & ! POLICY ( KEEP+ !M !RE TO $UCATE !M = SOME VIABLE LIFE OR O!R 9 MOD]N SOCIETY1 IS B5EVOL5T BUT L>GELY DOOM$4 

,!IR ESCAPE FROM S*OOL PROVES ?AT !Y >E LESS SUP]VIS$ AT HOME1 & 9 TURN IT GIVES !M MORE FRE$OM1 AT FIR/1 TO %>P5 !IR WITS ON ! /REETS4 ,LESS RE/RICT$1 !Y PROBABLY HAVE MORE ELABORATE E>LY SEXUAL EXP]I5CE ?AN ! MIDDLE CLASS OR ! MORE REGULAT$ POOR BOYS4 ,?IS MAY GET !M 9TO E>LY & REPEAT$ TR\BLE1 & IT MAY1 !RE=E1 RESULT 9 REPRESSION & BECOM+ LESS SEXUALLY ADV5TUR\S ?AN ! AV]AGE BOY LAT]4 ,SU* AN \TCOME IS1 ,I ?9K1 COMMON & :5 IT OCCURS IT IS C]TA9LY DISA/R\S1 = REPRESS$ SEXUALITY WILL DRIVE !M TO MORE & MORE FRANTIC EXCITEM5T TO BREAK ?R\<4 

7,MY GUESS IS ?AT ! DEL9QU5T OLD] ADOLESC5TS :O >E ACTIVE ) ! GIRLS >E NOT ! LADS :O >E CAU<T & GET C\NT$4 ,= ONE ?+1 IMPORTANT SEXUAL ADV5TURE IS R>ELY A GANG ACTIVITY4 ,= ANO!R1 SEXUAL SUCCESS DIM9I%ES ! NE$ TO RAISE ! ANTE & BE PUNI%$4 ,& IT ALWAYS GIVES 0SOME?+ TO DO40 ,?AT IS1 MY GUESS IS ?AT SEXUAL EXPRESSION IS COMPATIBLE )1 & P]HAPS FAVORABLE TO1 0DEL9QU5T ACTS02 BUT IS 9COMPATIBLE ) DEL9QU5CY-9-ORD]-TO-GET-CAU<T4 ,?IS IS SPECULATION2 BUT CONSID] ! FOLL[+ TWO /ATEM5TS ( ,F4 ,M4 ,?RA%]3 0,SEX REPRES5TS A DECID$LY SECOND>Y ACTIVITY 9 ! GANG4 ,9 ! ADOLESC5T GR\P 9 P>TICUL> IT IS SUBORD9AT$ TO ! PRIM>Y 9T]E/S ( CONFLICT & ADV5TURE40 ,BUT 0GR\PS ( ?IS .<SEXUALLY V]Y ACTIVE.> TYPE >E PROBABLY F> MORE COMMON ?AN IS ORD9>ILY SUPPOS$0--?AT IS1 SU* KIDS DON'T GET CAU<T & C\NT$47 

,MO/LY !SE KIDS HAVE NO?+ TO DO & WILL HAVE NO?+ WOR? :ILE TO DO4 ,!Y FEEL WOR?LESS & GUILTY1 & !SE FEEL+S >E (T5 5HANC$ BY UNUSUAL HO/ILITY AT HOME1 BO? TAK5 & GIV54 7,! PSY*OLOGICAL ME*ANISM IS ?AT SOME ( ! *ILD'S HO/ILITY AGA9/ HIS P>5TS TURNS AGA9/ HIMSELF & IS FELT AS GUILT47 ,AS A REACTION TO !SE FEEL+S1 !Y DEVELOP ! *>ACT]I/IC CONCEIT$ SELF-IMAGE ?AT HAS TO KEEP PROV+ ITSELF3 PROV+ ?AT !Y >E M5 & NOT BOYS1 POT5T & NOT IMPOT5T1 & ?AT !Y >E GOOD AS ANYBODY ELSE4 

,IT IS ?IS SYNDROME1 ( CONCEIT & HO/ILITY1 :I* !N MEETS !IR SOCIAL SITUATION ( BE+ UND]PRIVILEG$ & DEPRIV$1 & F9DS IT SO 9SULT+2 :]EAS O!R POOR BOYS--9 A LESS HO/ILE HOME1 MORE TOL]ANT ( S*OOL1 & P]HAPS MORE LUCKY 9 KEEP+ \T ( SEXUAL TR\BLE--MAKE AN EASI] ADJU/M5T4 ,9 ! CASE ( RACIAL M9ORITIES1 !RE IS C]TA9LY REAL 9SULT AS WELL AS FANTASY 9SULT2 & !RE IS REAL 9SULT :5 A FRE% KID IS TREAT$ AS A Y\NG PUNK4 ,! COMB9ATION ( FAMILY HO/ILITY1 CONCEIT1 & ! 9SULT ( UND]PRIVILEGE N[ MAKES ! KIDS DISAFFECT$1 AT W> ) ORD9>Y SOCIETY1 & !Y HAVE !IR SPORT & TRIUMPH BY BREAK+ ITS LAWS4 

,!Y APPO9T !MSELVES TO A GANG4 ,POSITIVELY1 ?IS GIVES !M PRIDE & SOME?+ TO BELONG TO2 NEGATIVELY1 IT PROTECTS EA* ONE'S CONCEIT BY CON=MITY4 ,! F9D+ ( ! ,GLUECKS & O!RS ?AT ! DEL9QU5T JUV5ILES >E MORE UNCONV5TIONAL ?AN ! AV]AGE APPLIES1 ( C\RSE1 TO !IR /&>D BEHAVIOR & !IR DI/URB$ P]SONALITIES2 BUT ALL ! MORE !Y >E UNDEVIAT+LY CON=MI/ 9 !IR [N PE] GR\PS4 ,! GANGS HAVE HI<LY SATISFACTORY COMMUNAL FEATURES3 LIV+ & WORK+ TOGE!R 7E4G41 A BOY ANGRY AT HOME CAN SLEEP AT HIS FRI5D'S71 (T5 %>+ SU* SEXUALITY AS !RE IS1 & AS C>ELESS ( ONE ANO!R'S PROP]TY AS !Y >E ( ! WORLD'S4 ,BUT IT IS A COMMUNITY1 WE HAVE SE51 ?AT LACKS P]SONAL AFFECTION & ?AT /OPS ABRUPTLY AT ! ADULTS1 & !RE=E PROVIDES NO GR\NDS = GR[?4 ,?IS ABRUPT DIVIDE IS ( C\RSE %>P] 9 ! USUAL CASE ( FIR/-G5]ATION IMMIGRANT P>5TS4 

,9 \R MODEL ( ! CLOS$ ROOM & ! RAT RACE1 WE PO9T$ TO A CL&E/9E ALLIANCE BETWE5 JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS & ! MIDDLE /ATUS ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM1 EX*ANG+ CULTURE H]OES1 NORMS ( COOL BEHAVIOR1 & ! VALUES ( CYNICISM1 AGA9/ ! E>NE/ BOYS 9 ! MIDDLE CLASS & WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS VIEW SEEMS TO ME MORE CURR5TLY REALI/IC ?AN ,A4 ,K4 ,COH5'S PROPOSITION ?AT1 :]EAS ! NONDEL9QU5T 0CORN]-BOY CULTURE TEMPORIZES ) MIDDLE-CLASS MORALITY1 ! DEL9QU5T SUBCULTURE DOES NOT3 IT P]MITS NO AMBIGUITY 9 ITS NEGATION ( ! RESPECTABLE /ATUS-SY/EM1 & SO SETS ! DEL9QU5T ABOVE ! MO/ EXEMPL>Y COLLEGE BOY40 ,ON ! CONTR>Y4 ,IT IS LIKELY1 RA!R1 ?AT ! NONDEL9QU5T CORN] BOY1 LESS CONCEIT$1 HAS NOT CUT HIMSELF (F FROM ORD9>Y POOR SATISFACTIONS1 & !RE=E DOES NOT NE$ TO RUN 9 GANGS & GET CAU<T2 HE IS NOT 0TEMPORIZ+0 ) MIDDLE-CLASS MORALITY BUT IS NOT MU* BO!R+ AB\T IT4 ,CONV]SELY1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS1 LIKE ! HU/L]S 7MALE PRO/ITUTES71 FANCY !MSELVES AS MOVIE H]OES 9 SPORTS C>S2 & IT IS IMPORTANTLY ! 9N] CONFLICT BETWE5 !IR DREAMS ( ,AM]ICAN GLAM\R & !IR [N IMPOT5T RES\RCES ?AT EXAC]BATES !IR RES5TM5T4 ,IT IS P]HAPS ONLY ! JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS :O TAKE ! ,AM]ICAN WAY ( LIFE FULLY E>NE/LY4 ,?IS IS :AT IS IMPLICITLY H9T$ AT BY ?OSE /UD5TS1 E4G41 ,B>RON1 :O SPEAK ( ! JUV5ILE 9 DEL9QU5T SOCIETY3 IT IS ! HIP/] ATTITUDE ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM ?AT PROVIDES ! MODEL = DEL9QU5T BEHAVIOR3 ! %ORT CUT1 ! EMPTY S5SATION1 RAIS+ ! ANTE1 & CONTEMPT ( HONE/ EF=T & E>NE/ GOALS4 

,9 SUM1 WE HAVE A PICTURE ( E>LY FRE$OM1 UND]-PRIVILEG$ FRU/RATION1 REACTIVE CONCEIT1 & GANG CON=MITY4 ,IF WE N[ CONSULT ! P]SONALITY PICTURE ( CAU<T DEL9QU5TS GIV5 9--= 9/ANCE1 ! PA9/AK+ /UDY BY ,%ELDON & ,ELEANOR ,GLUECK--WE SEE IT IS QUITE ID5TICAL ) ?AT ( ! Y\NG H]O ( \R /ORY3 

,HE IS3 VIVACI\S1 EXTROV]T$1 LESS SELF-CONTROLL$1 MORE MANUALLY 9CL9$1 MORE AGGRESSIVE1 LESS FE>FUL ( FAILURE & DEFEAT1 MORE 9DEP5D5T1 MORE 9ITIAT+1 LESS SUBMISSIVE1 LESS AM5ABLE TO CONV5TIONAL EXPECTATIONS4 ,!SE >E POSITIVE P[]S & MU/ !RE=E BE E>LY SURVIVALS1 = ONLY PHYSICAL NATURE HAS SU* 5]GIES4 ,BUT ! FRU/RATION APPE>S 9 RESPONSES LIKE 0IMPULSIVE1 ORAL1 N>CISSI/IC10 & ! REACTIVE CONCEIT APPE>S AS 0HO/ILE1 RES5TFUL1 DEFIANT1 SUSPICI\S1 DE/RUCTIVE1 SOCIALLY ASS]TIVE1 NOT FEEL+ RECOGNIZ$ OR APPRECIAT$1 DEF5SIVE1 UNCO-OP]ATIVE40 ,& F9ALLY HE IS MORE SOCIABLE 9 PLAY 9 ! S5SE ( 0NE$+ SUPPORTIVE COMPANION%IP10 :I* WE CAN TAKE AS BO? A POSITIVE & A NEGATIVE TRAIT4 

#c4 

  

,BUT !SE >E1 LET US NOT =GET1 ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( BEL[-AV]AGE KIDS 9 A RE=MATORY COMP>$ ) ?OSE ( C>EFULLY MAT*$ NONDEL9QU5TS1 EQUALLY BEL[ AV]AGE & UND]PRIVILEG$4 ,ACCORD+LY1 !Y TELL US V]Y LITTLE AB\T MORE GIFT$ OR FAVOR$ KIDS EI!R PRONE OR NOT PRONE TO DEL9QU5T BEHAVIOR4 ,9 ! NATURE ( ! CASE1 SU* /ATI/ICS >E H>D TO COLLECT4 ,E4G41 IT IS ESS5TIAL = ! 9TELLIG5T P]=MANCE ( =BIDD5 DE$S TO KEEP !M UND] Y\R HAT & NOT HAVE TOO MANY ACCOMPLICES2 !N H[ CAN WE KN[ H[ MANY GIFT$ KIDS >E P]=M+ H[ MANY MISDEMEANORS8 ,& MIDDLE-CLASS DEL9QU5TS DON'T 5D UP 9 RE=M S*OOLS BUT 9 MILIT>Y ACADEMIES & O!R S*OOLS ?AT PROMISE 0TO MAKE A MAN ( Y\R BOY40 

,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT ! ESS5TIAL PROP]TY ( JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY AS DEF9$ IS3 SU* P]SONALITY & BEHAVIOR AS GU>ANTEE GETT+ CAU<T1 PUNI%$1 & TABULAT$4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT ?IS PROP]TY IS A TAUTOLOGY3 IT HAS IMPORTANT CONT5T ?AT DI/+UI%ES ! DEL9QU5CY ( DO+-!-=BIDD5-&-DEFIANT FROM ! DEL9QU5CY TO-GET-CAU<T4 ,GETT+ CAU<T IS GU>ANTE$ BY3 

7#a7 ,COMPULSIVE REPETITION ( A BEHAVIOR BECAUSE IT IS NOT REALLY GIV+ SATISFACTION4 ,?IS T5DS TO ALLAY ! AL]TNESS & PRUD5CE ( ! R\T9E TRIES1 AS WELL AS TO MULTIPLY ! *ANCES ( BE+ CAU<T4 ,& IT LEADS TO3 

7#b7 ,RAIS+ ! ANTE1 9 ORD] TO =CE FEEL+4 ,?IS MU/ RESULT 9 DISA/]4 

7#c7 ,CONV]SELY1 9 PLACE ( MIS*IEF OR ! ATTRACTION ( ! =BIDD5 OR REBELLI\SNESS OR EV5 MALICE1 ! CAU<T DEL9QU5T EXHIBITS A PR(\ND FATALISM1 9DICAT+ AN UNCONSCI\S NE$ TO BE SAV$ FROM HIS COMPULSIVE R\ND OR NOT WOR?-:ILE EXP]I5CE & BR\<T BACK 9TO ! 0MEAN+FUL0 /RUCTURE ( AU?ORITY & PUNI%M5T4 ,IT LOOKS AS ?\< ! CAU<T DEL9QU5T HAS DONE ! =BIDD5 & DEFIANT DE$ 9 ORD] TO TEASE & PROVOKE ! AU?ORITY1 TO COMPEL HIS ATT5TION4 ,PSY*OLOGICALLY1 !N1 ?\< HE ?9KS & OP]ATES ON HIS [N1 HE IS NOT 09DEP5D5T40 

7,LET ME M5TION ! T\*+ CASE ( AN ,5GLI% BOY :O /OLE A WAT* & !N RETURN$ IT1 SAY+ HE HAD F\ND IT1 09 ORD] ?AT SOMEBODY %\LD SAY HE WAS A GOOD BOY40 ,! NEXT BE/ ?+ IS = SOMEBODY TO SAY ?AT ONE IS A BAD BOY47 

7#d7 ,! GANG IS US$ AS A /RUCTURE = PSY*OLOGICAL SUPPORT4 ,BUT RUNN+ ) ! GANG ALSO GU>ANTEES GETT+ CAU<T1 BO? BECAUSE IT IS CONSPICU\S & BECAUSE ITS 9-GR\P CONC5TRATION & HABITS SOON GET QUITE \T ( T\* ) ! SURR\ND+ MORES4 ,AP+ HIS FRI5DS1 A LAD =GETS :AT SAFE BEHAVIOR IS1 :AT \<T TO BE CONCEAL$ BECAUSE PEOPLE >E \TRAG$ BY IT4 ,A LAD :O IS 9F9ITELY SECRETIVE & SUSPICI\S GIVES HIMSELF AWAY BY HIS SL\*1 HIS CLO!S1 & EV]Y WORD HE UTT]S4 ,ALSO1 !Y D>E ONE ANO!R TO EXCESSES ?AT EA* 9DIVIDUAL W\LD AVOID4 ,NATURALLY ?IS IS ALL ! WORSE ) CULTURAL M9ORITIES :O DO NOT KN[ ! 0RI<T0 BEHAVIOR TO BEG9 )2 E4G41 ,SPANI% BOYS MI<T BE BADLY JUDG$ = BEHAVIOR ?AT TO !M IS P]FECTLY ACCEPTABLE4 

,I PROPOSE ?AT !SE F\R GU>ANTEES ( GETT+ CAU<T MAKE JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY AN 9T]E/+ CULTURAL /UDY4 ,= IT IS3 ! P[]LESS /RUGGL+ = LIFE )91 NOT RESIGN$ FROM1 AN UNACCEPTABLE WORLD4 ,AT FIR/ 9SPECTION ?IS DOES NOT SEEM A PROMIS+ LESSON4 ,BUT ON REFLECTION1 WE SEE ?AT ?IS FATALISM IS A DEEPLY RELIGI\S POSITION1 NOT F> FROM :AT ,DO/OEVSKI WAS TRY+ TO TELL US4 ,MANY ( HIS *>ACT]S >E ADULT DEL9QU5TS4 ,9 \R TIME1 ,G5ET HAS MADE ( ! DOOM$ DEL9QU5T CULTURE A P[]FUL ?\<T & POETRY4 ,! FATALISM ( JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY IS A K9D ( ADOLESC5T RELIGI\S CRISIS1 ) A RELIGI\S PASSION & CONT5T1 :]EAS ! CONV5TIONAL RELIGION IS EMPTY4 ,ON ! /REETS1 !Y FEEL WOR?LESS-&-AB&ON$2 9 ! RE=MATORY1 !Y >E ACCEPT$ BACK HOME4 

,?IS FATALISM 9 ! FACE ( ! OV]:ELM+ & UNACCEPTABLE IS A COMM5T>Y ON ! POIGNANT REM>K ( ! CRIM9OLOGI/3  
  

,IT MU/ BE CONFESS$ ?AT IT IS MU* EASI] & H5CE MORE 0PRACTICAL0 TO DEAL ) SUP]FICIAL SYMPTOMATIC BEHAVIOR OR ITS IMM$IATELY OBS]VABLE CAUSES ?AN TO /RIVE TO CUT ! DEEP] ROOTS ( DEL9QU5CY4 ,:5 ?OSE DEEP] ROOTS >E MADE EVID5T1 H[EV]1 WE HAVE TO ASK \RSELVES H[ DEEP WE WI% TO GO 9 ! ATTACK ON CRIME4 ,>E WE WILL+1 = EXAMPLE1 TO SACRIFICE MANY ( \R MAT]IAL SATISFACTIONS OR TO GIVE UP \R RACIAL PREJUDICES8 .<,DONALD ,TAFT.>  

#d4 

  

,AS ORD9>ILY US$1 ! T]M 0JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY0 IS ?OR\<LY CONFUS$4 ,FIR/1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 WE MU/ DI/+UI% =BIDD5-&-DEFIANT-ACTS FROM BEHAVIOR-TO-GET-CAU<T4 ,!N1 AMONG ! SOCIALLY =BIDD5 ACTS WE MU/ OBVI\SLY DI/+UI% ?OSE ?AT ANY LAD ( S5SE & SPIRIT WILL P]=M IF HE HAS TO & :5EV] HE CAN1 FROM ?OSE ?AT >E 9DE$ H>MFUL TO O!RS OR DISRUPTIVE ( GOOD SOCIETY4 ,& AGA91 AS MANY AU?ORITIES HAVE PO9T$ \T1 ) RESPECT TO ANY ( !SE ACTS !RE IS AN IMM5SE DISCREPANCY 9 !IR ADJUDICATION & \R 9=MATION3 DEL9QU5T ACTS ( MIDDLE- & UPP]-CLASS BOYS ALMO/ NEV] GET TO C\RTS OR SOCIAL AG5CIES2 :ITE BOYS >E DISMISS$ OR PUT ON PROBATION :]E ,NEGRO OR ,SPANI% BOYS >E PUT AWAY2 ! 9CORRIGIBILITY & SEXUAL (F5SES ( BOYS >E TREAT$ LI<TLY1 ( GIRLS SEV]ELY1 & SO =?4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+1 !N1 IF MANY /ATI/ICS & ANALYZES ( DEL9QU5CY DISAGREE4 ,AP>T FROM ! ONE FACTOR ( GETT+ CAU<T1 !RE IS NO REAL CONCEPT ( DEL9QU5CY4 ,YET OBVI\SLY ?IS FACTOR IS NOT SUFFICI5T BY ITSELF1 = GETT+ CAU<T DOES HAVE SOME ESS5TIAL RELATION TO =BIDD5 ACTS4 

,LET US !RE=E TAKE A DIFF]5T TACK4 ,9/EAD ( LOOK+ = A CONCEPT ( DEL9QU5CY1 LET US EXP& ! SUBJECT MATT] AS A S]IES ( POSSIBLE PUNI%ABLE RELATIONS OBTA9+ BETWE5 ! BOY /RUGGL+ = LIFE & TRY+ TO GR[ UP1 & ! SOCIETY ?AT HE CANNOT ACCEPT & ?AT LACKS OBJECTIVE OPPORTUNITIES = HIM4 ,R\<LY1 WE CAN NAME SIX IMPORTANTLY DI/9CT /AGES 9 ! S]IES3  
  

7#a7 ,ACTS NOT ANTISOCIAL IF SOCIETY HAD MORE S5SE4  
  
  

7#b7 ,ACTS ?AT >E 9NOC5T BUT DE/RUCTIVE 9 !IR CONSEQU5CES & !RE=E NE$ CONTROL4  
  
  

7#c7 ,ACTS ANTISOCIAL 9 PURPOSE4  
  
  

7#d7 ,BEHAVIOR AIM$ AT GETT+ CAU<T & PUNI%$4  
  
  

7#e7 ,GANG FI<T+ ?AT IS NOT DEL9QU5CY YET MU/ BE CONTROLL$4  
  
  

7#f7 ,DEL9QU5CY SECOND>ILY CREAT$ BY SOCIETY ITSELF BY TREAT+ AS DEL9QU5TS ?OSE :O W]E NOT DEL9QU5T1 & BY SOCIAL ATTEMPTS AT PREV5TION & RE=M4  

#e4 

  

7#a7 ,ACTS NOT ANTISOCIAL ?AT >E PUNI%$ >E MO/ ANIMAL EXPRESSION & SOME SPIRIT$ 5T]PRISE4 ,!SE 9CLUDE A LOT ( TRESPASS+ & HELL RAIS+ ) ANNOYANCE & M9OR DAMAGE4 ,MO/ SEXUAL BEHAVIOR4 ,RUNN+ AWAY & TRUANCY4 ,BUT EV5 C]TA9 IMPORTANT 0!FT40 

,! TRESPASS+ & HELL RAIS+ SPEAK = !MSELVES4 ,:]E EV]Y?+ HAS BECOME PROP]TY & ORD]1 IT IS QUITE IMPOSSIBLE TO BE VIVACI\S1 AGGRESSIVE1 UNDELIB]ATE1 EXPLORATORY & V5TURESOME1 )\T BE+ \T ( ORD] & SOMETIMES SMA%+ ?+S4 ,?IS IS G5]ALLY AGRE$ & ! POLICE >E USUALLY NOT UNREASONABLE4 ,BUT ! BO!R COMES :5 EMOTIONAL HEAT IS G5]AT$ & MEETS 9CIPI5T DEEP] GR\NDS ( DEL9QU5CY1 ! EX*ANGE ( 9SULTS & ! NE$ = REV5GE4 ,E4G41 A COP IS RUDE & ! BOYS GET ANGRY2 OR A *AP FOOLI%LY DRIVES AWAY ! KIDS :O >E DIV+ FROM HIS CRUIS]1 SO !Y RETALIATE BY BOR+ HOLES 9 ! BOTTOM ( IT & S9K+ IT4 

,MO/ SEXUAL BEHAVIOR W\LD GIVE MORE SATISFACTION & DO LA/+ GOOD1 & C]TA9LY RESULT 9 F> LESS DAMAGE1 IF ANY1 IF IT W]E COMPLETELY IGNOR$ BY ! POLICE & NOT SUBJECT TO ANY SOCIAL DISAPPROVAL QUA SEXUAL4 ,!RE MAY BE GR\NDS = DEBATE AB\T ! H>MFULNESS OR 9DIFF]5CE ( 0CORRUPT+ ! MORALS ( A M9OR0--MANY SOCIETIES HAVE MANAG$ H&SOMELY )\T SU* NOTIONS2 BUT ALL COMPET5T AU?ORITY W\LD AGREE ?AT1 9 MO/ CASES1 MORE DAMAGE IS DONE BY ! FE> & %AME ACCOMPANY+ A SEXUAL ACT ?AN CAN POSSIBLY FOLL[ FROM ! SIMPLE ACT ITSELF4 7,TYPICALLY1 0,MA/URBATION IS A HABIT )\T DELET]I\S EFFECTS 9 ITSELF1 YET A S\RCE ( BEHAVIOR DIFFICULTIES BECAUSE ( /RONG SOCIAL DISAPPROVAL4444 .<,IT IS H>D.> TO F9D A RATIONAL REASON = COMMITT+ M]E SEX DEL9QU5TS TO AN 9/ITUTION4 ,TO BE EFFECTIVE1 .<HELP = !SE GIRLS.> MU/ BE DIVORC$ FROM RE/RA9T & /IGMA40--,DONALD ,TAFT1 ,CRIM9OLOGY47 

,9 TRUANCY1 ! BURD5 ( PRO( LIES ON ! S*OOLS1 :I* >E DEMON/RABLY /UPEFY+ TO MANY *ILDR51 :OSE TRUANCY IS !RE=E A K9D ( SELF-PRES]VATION4 ,NATURALLY1 !SE KIDS GET NO?+ FROM HANG+ >\ND ! /REETS EI!R4 ,! SOLUTION IS H>D BUT SIMPLE3 DECIDE ?AT ! KIDS >E 9 ! RI<T & MAKE GOOD $UCATION AT :ATEV] CO/4 

,! SAME ?9K+ APPLIES TO VAGABONDAGE4 ,IF A KID IS A LONELY RUNAWAY )\T DOMICILE OR MEANS ( SUPPORT1 IT TAKES NO GREAT WISDOM TO 9F] ?AT HE HAS LEFT A CRUEL OR DRUNK5 HOME OR A SITUATION ( 9TOL]ABLE USELESSNESS & BOR$OM1 OR ?AT HE IS A%AM$4 ,!N PROVIDE HIM ) SOME?+ WOR? :ILE1 & GIVE HIM SOLACE4 

,BUT CONSID] ! PR9CIPLE ( ! BURD5 ( ! PRO( 9 EV5 AN IMPORTANT CRIME LIKE AUTO !FT1 IMPORTANT SOLELY BECAUSE C>S >E EXP5SIVE4 7,! REAL SOCIAL DANG]1 FROM WILD DRIV+1 OCCURS ) ALL C>-CRAZY ADOLESC5TS1 NOT ONLY ?OSE :O /EAL C>S47 ,ALMO/ ALL JUV5ILE AUTO !FT--9 #a#i#e#i1 #fh P] C5T ( ALL AUTO !FT--IS = JOY RID+4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A B& ( ,SPANI% KIDS1 N[ MO/LY LOCK$ UP1 MADE IT A PO9T ( !IR GAME TO RETURN ! C> TO ! ID5TICAL SPOT1 A FOOLH>DY GE/URE4 ,N[ WE LIVE 9 A SOCIETY :]E = ALL CLASSES !SE C>S >E ! *IEF MEANS1 & ! ,MADISON ,AV5UE SYMBOLS1 ( P[]1 MANL9ESS1 FRE$OM TO GO & DO4 ,KIDS ( O!R P]IODS DROVE ! HORSES AT AN E>LY AGE2 9 RURAL PLACES !Y DRIVE C>S AT F\RTE54 ,9 URBAN TRAFFIC CONDITIONS Y\NG ADOLESC5TS CANNOT BE LIC5S$ TO DRIVE4 ,UND]PRIVILEG$ KIDS MAY NEV] HAVE ! MEANS TO DRIVE4 ,:AT !N8 ,:5 AN ABSURD SOCIAL PATT]N HAS CREAT$ AN 9SOLUBLE DILEMMA1 IS IT ! CASE ?AT ! KIDS MU/ BE ! ONES PUNI%$8 ,C]TA9LY FROM SU* A CRIME AS AUTO !FT ,I FAIL TO SEE1 ) ,BLO* & ,FLYNN'S ,DEL9QU5CY1 ?AT 0Y\?FUL (F5D]S UND] EI<TE5 YE>S HAVE BECOME \R GREATE/ S+LE ?REAT TO LAW-ABID+ SECURITY40 ,BUT AS IT IS1 \R DILEMMA WORKS \T AS FOLL[S3 0,A C\PLE & !IR ?REE-YE>-OLD SON W]E KILL$ 9 ,QUE5S LA/ NI<T :5 !IR C> HIT A TELEPHONE POLE AFT] IT WAS /RUCK BY A /OL5 C> BE+ *AS$ BY ! POLICE4 ,FIVE %OTS W]E FIR$ 9 ! PURSUIT & TWO HIT ! C>407 

7#b7 ,AUTO !FT TAKES US 9TO ! SECOND CATEGORY ( 09NOC5T ACTS DE/RUCTIVE 9 !IR CONSEQU5CES & NE$+ CONTROL40 ,( C\RSE NONE ( !SE ACTS1 EXCEPT VAGABONDAGE1 IS 9NOC5T 9 ! S5SE ?AT ! KID DOES NOT KN[ IT IS =BIDD51 UNLESS HE IS A MORON4 ,BUT TO DO ! =BIDD51 9 ORD] TO TRANSGRESS LIMITS ?AT SEEM UNNATURAL1 IS NORMAL & 9NOC5T2 & IF ! LIMITS >E UNNATURAL IT IS (T5 NECESS>Y & ADMIRABLE4 

,BUT ,I WANT ESPECIALLY TO CALL ATT5TION TO ACTS :OSE MOTIVATION IS /RONGLY APPROV$ SOCIALLY1 BUT :]E ! FRU/RAT+ CONDITIONS OR ! BOYS' IGNORANCE OR 9EPTITUDE 9 H&L+ ! BAFFL+ MEANS1 GETS !M 9TO TR\BLE4 

,AN OBVI\S CAUSE ( 9NOC5T TR\BLE IS PLAY+4 ,SOME WISE AU?ORITIES HAVE COMP>$ DEL9QU5T BEHAVIOR TO PLAY4 ,SO :5 ,A4 ,K4 ,COH51 AGA91 SPEAKS ( ! 0USELESSNESS0 ( MU* DEL9QU5T DE/RUCTIV5ESS & ?IEV]Y AS A C\NT]ACTION TO MIDDLE-CLASS E?ICS1 HE IS SURELY EXAGG]AT+4 ,ALL PLAY IS 0USELESS10 & S9CE EV]Y?+ IS PROP]TY1 UND]PRIVILEG$ KIDS >E B\ND TO PLAY ) O!R PEOPLE'S PROP]TY4 ,?IS CAN BE V]Y S]I\S4 ,A B& ( KIDS DECIDE IT W\LD BE BULLY TO REMOVE ! BLOCKS & SET A HUGE TRUCK 9 MOTION D[NHILL1 RESULT+ 9 @s#a1 WOR? ( DAMAGE4 ,BUT ( C\RSE IT IS BULLY4 7,I ?9K SO47 

,BUT LET US GO ON TO A MU* MORE ?ORNY ILLU/RATION1 :I* W\LD NOT G5]ALLY BE VIEW$ 9 ! LI<T ,I WANT TO PLACE IT 93 ! PLI<T ( A PRES5T-DAY POOR BOY ) REG>D TO E>N+ MONEY & HAV+ A LITTLE MONEY4 ,FIR/1 LET ME QUOTE AN (FICIAL SPOKESMAN1 ! ,SUP]9T5D5T ( ,S*OOLS ( ,RO*E/]1 ,NEW ,YORK3  
  

,MANY P>5TS HAVE LONG S9CE GIV5 UP ! /RUGGLE TO 5C\RAGE Y\?S TO %>E 9 ! FEW REMA9+ HOME DUTIES ?AT /ILL REQUIRE PHYSICAL EF=T4 ,YET1 NO S*OOL PROGRAM CAN PROVIDE ! DISCIPL9E1 ! MATURITY1 OR ! SELF-RESPECT ?AT COMES FROM P]=M+ REAL WORK ?AT IS HI<LY VALU$ & FAIRLY PAID = BY ! ADULT WORLD4  
  

,WELL SAID4 ,N[ ?IS QUOTATION IS TAK5 FROM A ,SUNDAY SUPPLEM5T >TICLE PRAIS+ NEWSBOYS & CONTA9+ ! JOYFUL REPORT ?AT 0OV] ONE HALF ( TODAY'S NEWSPAP]BOYS BELONG TO \R MIDDLE- OR UPP]-MIDDLE-9COME GR\PS40 ,?IS IS NOT A SURPRIS+ FACT2 9 PRES5T CONDITIONS1 IT TAKES A GOOD DEAL ( >RANG+1 & LIV+ 9 ! SUBURBS1 TO GET SU* A NEWS R\TE GO+4 ,DOES IT NOT RAISE ! QUE/ION AS TO H[ ! POOR BOYS1 :O HAVE NOT LE>N$ SU* EXP]T MANAGEM5T1 WILL GET !IR DISCIPL9E1 MATURITY1 SELF-RESPECT8 

,?IS MATT] IS HI<LY IMPORTANT2 LET US BE CLE> AB\T ! USUAL ?9K+4 ,EUG5E ,GILB]T1 ! C5SUS TAK] ( TE5-AGE ECONOMICS1 SAYS3 0,)9 A DECADE ! NUMB] ( TE5-AG]S HOLD+ /EADY JOBS HAS D\BL$4444 ,SOME F\R & ONE-HALF MILLION DO P>T-TIME WORK OR ODD JOBS ?R\<\T ! YE>40 ,?AT S\NDS PROMIS+2 BUT HE !N GOES ON TO EXPLA9 ?AT 0,TYPICAL .<#a.> ( MO/ ,AM]ICAN Y\NG/]S TODAY >E ! /UD5TS & GRADUATES ( ! ,PE>L ,RIV] ,HI< ,S*OOL 9 ,ROCKL& ,C\NTY1 ,N4 ,Y410 NE>LY #a P] C5T ( :OM >E GO+ ON TO COLLEGE1 ?\< 9 ! C\NTRY AT L>GE B>ELY A HALF GRADUATE FROM HI< S*OOL1 & ONLY #ae P] C5T 5T] COLLEGE4 ,! POOR1 ! WORK+-CLASS1 & EV5 ! L[]-MIDDLE-CLASS BOYS SEEM TO HAVE VANI%$ FROM SOCIETY2 !Y DO NOT CONTRIBUTE 5\< TO ! T5- TO ELEV5-BILLION-DOLL> ANNUAL TE5-AGE SALES4 ,?IS IS NOT A PROMIS+ ATTITUDE = GO+ S]I\S ATT5TION TO ! Y\NG ( ,AM]ICA4 

,= A *ILD1 TO GET MONEY IS A MAJOR P>T ( HIS NOTION ( BE+ GR[N-UP & 9DEP5D5T1 = ?IS IS :AT ALL GR[N M5 DO3 !Y MAKE MONEY & >E !REBY FREE TO ACT4 7,?IS HAS V]Y LITTLE CONNECTION ) ,MAX ,WEB]'S V]SION ( ! ,PROTE/ANT ,E?IC OR MIDDLE-CLASS IDEOLOGY47 ,LET ME GIVE A PRECISE1 IF ANNOY+1 ILLU/RATION4 ,9 C\NTRIES :]E IT IS NOT TOO ANTIPA!TIC TO ! MORES1 Y\NG FELL[S WILL 5GAGE 9 HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVITY2 BUT !Y MI<T ASK = A FEW P5NIES1 5\< TO BUY FIVE CIG>ETTES4 ,?IS SUM IS NOT ! WAGES ( PRO/ITUTION2 SU* A ?\<T W\LD \TRAGE !M1 = IF !Y DID NOT 5JOY :AT !Y W]E DO+ !Y W\LD NOT DO IT4 ,IT IS1 RA!R1 A WAY ( MAK+ ! ACT LEGITIMATE1 JU/IFI$1 NOT M]ELY PLEASURE4 ,! MONEY S]VES EXACTLY ! SAME SYMBOLIC FUNCTION AS ! W$D+ R+ = A Y\NG WOMAN4 ,E>N+ SOME MONEY AFFIRMS ?AT A Y\NG FELL[ IS A MAN4 7,9 ,AM]ICA1 H[EV]1 ?IS Y\? W\LD AT ONCE BE DRIV5 TO 0PROV+0 & DEL9QU5CY4 ,HAV+ 5GAG$ 9 ! SEX1 HE IS VULN]ABLE TO CONTEMPT & !RE=E MAY REACT BY ROBB]Y & ASSAULT4 0,ROLL+ QUE]S0 IS ! IDEAL DEL9QU5T CALL+ BETT] ?AN AUTO ME*ANIC--= IT COMB9ES PLEASURE PR(IT1 MORALITY1 & GR\NDS = BOA/+2 & IT IS PRETTY SAFE FROM FOLL[-UP BY ! POLICE47 

,AS \R SY/EM BECOMES MORE TI<TLY ORGANIZ$ & HI<LY URBANIZ$1 IT IS ! POOR CITY KIDS :O >E SQUEEZ$ \T4 ,WE NO LONG] HAVE A NEI<BORHOOD TRADITION ( SMALL AFT]-S*OOL JOBS--FEW] %OPS MAKE OCCASIONAL DELIV]IES2 TO DELIV] = ! *A9 /ORES IS A FULL-TIME JOB 7EXCEPT P]HAPS ON ,SATURDAYS72 MESS5G]S >E HIR$ FULL TIME2 !RE >E NO LAWNS TO M[1 !RE IS NO SN[ TO %OVEL2 !RE >E FEW] NEWS R\TES 9 ! CITY2 BABY SITT+ IS A MIDDLE-CLASS BUS9ESS & ANYWAY BELONGS TO GIRLS4 ,AN E>LY TE5-AG] IS CAU<T 9 ! FOLL[+ TRAP3 HE GETS NO?+ \T ( S*OOL & DOES NOT DO HIS HOMEWORK2 ON ! O!R H&1 HE IS TOO Y\NG TO GET WORK+ PAP]S4 7,WE SAW ?AT ONE ( ! FEW PROPOSALS 9 ! ,GOV]NOR ( ,NEW ,YORK'S ANTIDEL9QU5CY PROGRAM WAS AIM$ AT ?IS SITUATION47 ,! Y\? CANNOT CONT9UE TO BEG FROM HIS P>5TS1 = ! SUMS N[ COME TO ?REE OR F\R DOLL>S & HE FEELS DEGRAD$ BY BE+ DEP5D5T4 ,H[ WILL HE GET SOME MONEY TO PROVE HIS LEGITIMACY & 9DEP5D5CE8 

,MANY PETTY !FTS & BURGL>IES--?AT SEEM 0USELESSS0 RISKS TO ! SOCIOLOGI/1 & !RE=E HE 9T]PRETS !M AS C\NT]ACTION TO B\RGEOIS VALUES-->E DESP]ATE EF=TS TO FEEL GR[N-UP4 ,!Y >E COMPELL$ BY AN OBJECTIVE DILEMMA4 ,NATURALLY1 SUBJECTIVELY1 !Y >E NOT 9NOC5T2 !Y >E 5]GIZ$ BY FRANTIC EXCITEM5T1 COLD SWEAT & T]ROR1 & F9ALLY ! NE$ TO BE CAU<T1 TO ESCAPE ! ANXIETY2 BUT WE MU/ LOOK AT ! :OLE PICTURE4 ,!Y >E 0%ORT CUTS10 BUT MAYBE !RE IS NO LONG WAY R\ND4 ,! QUE/ION IS ?IS3 IF !SE KIDS HAD SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE OPPORTUNITIES TO E>N MONEY1 W\LD !Y AVAIL !MSELVES ( !M8 ,SOME W\LD4 ,IT IS WOR? TRY+4 ,!Y MI<T LE>N DISCIPL9E1 MATURITY1 SELF-RESPECT4 

7,CONSID] ! FOLL[+ BY ! ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY ,MISSION ,SOCIETY3 0,WE HAVE EXP]IM5T$ = TWO SUMM]S ) EMPLOYM5T ( #a TO #ae TE5AG]S FROM HI< DEL9QU5CY >EAS4444 ,\R @s#a-P]-WEEK EMPLOYES ALL /AY$ \T ( TR\BLE4 .<,BUT.> ON ! OCCASIONS WE TRI$ :AT W]E ESS5TIALLY 0MADE WORK0 JOBS1 ! Y\NG PEOPLE UND]/OOD ?IS IMM$IATELY & LO/ ALL 9T]E/407 

7#c7 ,IT IS ) ! NEXT CATEGORY1 ACTS 9T5TIONALLY ANTISOCIAL1 ?AT WE COME TO ! DEL9QU5TS :O L>GELY FILL ! C\RTS & ! RE=MATORIES4 ,MALICI\S DE/RUCTIV5ESS1 !FT & BURGL>Y = REAL MONEY 7(T5 = N>COTICS71 V5GEFUL ASSAULTS1 SEXUAL ATTACKS4 ,9 !SE1 ! REACTIVE HO/ILITY ( ! /&>D DEL9QU5T SYNDROME HAS BEGUN TO OP]ATE1 & IT 9EVITABLY LEADS TO GETT+ CAU<T4 ,AN ILLU/RATION3 SOME FIFTE5-YE>-OLDS HOLD UP A CRIPPL$ OLD MAN2 ! LOOT IS TOO SMALL & !IR DISAPPO9TM5T AT ONCE TRIGG]S ! DEEP PASSION3 ?AT HIS DEBILITY IS AN 9TOL]ABLE ?REAT TO !IR [N GLORI\S P]FECTION1 SO !Y /OMP HIM TO DEA?4 

,A LESS HORRIBLE ILLU/RATION3 ,! BEHAVIOR ( A P$E/RIAN OR ( ANO!R MOTORI/ ?AT HAPP5S TO 9CONV5I5CE ! Y\? 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE IS AT ONCE 9T]PRET$ AS A DELIB]ATE 9SULT OR AT LEA/ AS A PRO( ?AT ?AT P]SON \<T NOT TO EXI/2 & ?IS MAY EASILY LEAD TO A CASE ( HIT & RUN4 

,AN ABSOLUTELY TYPICAL ECONOMIC ILLU/RATION3 ,IF A FELL[ (F]S TO WALK HALF A MILE 9 ORD] TO SAVE FIFTE5 C5TS C>F>E1 HIS MATES WILL AT ONCE CONTEMPTU\SLY SAY ?AT HE IS 0*EAP40 ,ONCE ! 0PROV+0 SYNDROME IS PRES5T1 ! BOYS >E QUITE \T ( T\* ) ! SIMPLE/ REALITIES2 & VICE V]SA1 BECAUSE !Y >E \T ( T\* ) ! SIMPLE/ REALITIES1 !Y >E CALL$ ON TO 0PROVE40 

7#d7 ,SO WE COME TO BEHAVIOR-TO-GET-CAU<T3 COMPULSIVE REPETITION1 9CREAS+ NEGLIG5CE1 RAIS+ ! ANTE1 GIV+ WAY TO IRRATIONAL RAGE4 ,WE CAN SEE ! FATALISM ON ! SURFACE4 

,H]E IS A SCRAP ( CONV]SATION ) ONE ( ! AUTO ?IEVES M5TION$ ABOVE1 NOT CAU<T3 

0,H[ IS IT Y\ W]5'T CAU<T80 

0,I GOT SC>$ ! O!R TIME1 ! TIME ! COP PULL$ UP & ,I GOT AWAY4 ,SO ,I W\LDN'T GO ) !M40 

0,ISN'T ,C>LOS .<! LEAD].> SC>$80 

0,NO40 

0,:AT DO Y\ MEAN8 ,ISN'T HE SC>$ !Y'LL CAT* HIM80 

0,NO4 ,HE DON'T C>E IF HE GETS CAU<T40 

0,IS ?AT :AT HE SAYS8 OR IS ?AT :AT Y\ ?9K80 

0,?AT'S :AT HE SAID1 & ,I ?9K SO TOO40 

0,:Y DID Y\ GO T5 RIDES80 

0,:AT ELSE IS !RE TO DO8 ,I CAN'T JU/ HANG >\ND :5 !Y ALL GO40 

,! PROBLEM1 ?AT IS1 IS ! FATALISM ?AT ! ONE HAS :]EAS ! O!R EXP]I5CES FE> & PRUD5CE4 7,9 ?IS P>TICUL> CASE ! FATALI/ IS ! MORE ABLE BOY & HAS A BETT] HOME BACKGR\ND47 ,ONE P>T ( ! FATALISM IS C]TA9LY APA?Y3 LIFE HAS NO 9T]E/+ PROSPECT--E4G41 !RE MI<T BE A SEXUAL BLOCK4 ,ANO!R P>T IS C]TA9LY ! NE$ TO BE CAU<T1 TO GET \T ( ! ANXI\S R\ND ( RISKS4 

#f4 

  

7#e7 ,I D\BT1 DESPITE ,?RA%]1 ?AT !RE IS A NONDEL9QU5T 0GANG40 ,! GANG BEG9S LIKE ! PRIMITIVE FRAT]NITY ( BOYS :O LIVE 9 ! BOYS' H\SE2 BUT 9 ! PRIMITIVE CULTURE ?IS IS DONE BY SOCIAL SANCTION1 :]EAS ! DEF9+ PROP]TY ( ! GANG1 AS WE CU/OM>ILY USE ! T]M1 IS ?AT IT IS A COMMUNITY ABRUPTLY CUT (F FROM ! ADULTS & !IR SANCTION4 ,! FULL-BL[N GANG SUITS ITS MEMB]S NOT AS A FRAT]NITY 9 :I* TO LE>N GR[+ UP1 BUT ESS5TIALLY 9 SO F> AS !Y >E 0GR[N UP0 OR HAVE CEAS$ TO GR[3 IT IS A %>+ ( A COMMON CONCEIT4 ,! MEMB]S CONSID] IT !IR ID5TITY1 !Y APPO9T !MSELVES TO IT4 ,BUT S9CE IT IS ONLY A CONCEIT1 IT IS VULN]ABLE1 & !RE=E ALL ! MORE MU/ BE PROTECT$ BY /RICT CON=MITY ( BEHAVIOR & OP9IONS1 IT DOES NOT TOL]ATE 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S OR W&]+ (F BY ONESELF4 ,EXI/+ 9/EAD ( ! ADULT SOCIETY1 ! GANG IS 9 PR9CIPLE AN EXTRAT]RITORIAL 5CLAVE 9 SOCIETY1 & !RE=E IT HAS DEVELOP$ A FEUD ,CODE4 ,IT IS ?IS EXTRAT]RITORIAL LOYALTY ?AT IS P[]FULLY CEM5T$ BY ! %>$ DANG] ( ! DEL9QU5CIES3 ALL >E 9 ! SAME BOAT ( HAV+ P>TICIPAT$ 9 PUNI%ABLE DE$S2 ANYONE :O W\LD GET \T IS TACITLY OR EXPLICITLY BLACKMAIL$4 

,BUT IT DOES NOT FOLL[ FROM ?IS ?AT ! GANG IS DEL9QU5T-TO-GET-CAU<T4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y4 ,F9D+ ONE'S GANG IS A HAV5 FROM ! FATALI/IC DRIVE T[>D DISA/]4 ,ONE IS CAU<T BY ! GANG2 ! GANG PROVIDES A SUPPORTIVE /RUCTURE2 IT IS NOT SO NECESS>Y TO PROVOKE ! OLD AU?ORITY4 7,BUT ( C\RSE1 AS WE HAVE SE51 RUNN+ ) ! ADOLESC5T GANG ACCID5TALLY 9CREASES ! C]TA9TY ( GETT+ CAU<T4 ,ADULT CRIM9AL GANGS HAVE LE>N$ ! ROPES47 ,IT C\LD BE SAID ?AT BELONG+ TO ! GANG DIM9I%ES ! DEL9QU5T BEHAVIOR ( ! MEMB]S ( ! GANG4 ,! *IEF ACTIVITY ( ! GANG BECOMES W> AGA9/ O!R GR\PS2 IT IS NO LONG] A /RUGGLE = ! GR[? ( ! SELF BY =BIDD5 ACTS4 ,& CORRESPOND+LY1 ! P]SI/+ 0DEL9QU5CIES0 ( ! GANG MEMB]S BEG9 TO LOOK V]Y MU* LIKE CRIME1 W> AGA9/ SOCIETY4 ,!Y >E NO LONG] M]ELY 9CID5TS ( GR[+ UP1 BUT SELF-CONSCI\S ACTS ( A RESPONSIBLE A*IEV$-ID5TITY4 

,SOME SU* ANALYSIS AS ?IS IS NECESS>Y TO EXPLA9 ! PUZZL+ PR$OM9ANCE SUDD5LY ASSUM$ BY GANG FI<T+4 ,ADOLESC5T GANG W>S >E NOT1 AS SU*1 DEL9QU5T ANY MORE ?AN 9T]NATIONAL W>S >E4 ,GANG W>S >E SIGNIFICANT N[ADAYS MA9LY BECAUSE ( ! TE*NOLOGICAL IMPROVEM5T ( ! WEAPONS1 :I* US$ TO BE MA9LY /ICKS & /ONES4 7,! SAME C\LD BE SAID ( ! 9T]NATIONAL W>S47 

,IF ! RE/ ( SOCIETY DID NOT EXI/1 ! GANG W>S W\LD CONT9UE AS ! ABSORB+ 9T]E/ ( !SE Y\?S4 ,S9CE ! RE/ ( SOCIETY EXI/S1 IT BECOMES A BACKGR\ND = PLUND]--AS AN >MY LIVES ON ! L&4 ,IRATE MAGI/RATES1 TRA9$ 9 ,HOBBES & ON ,LEVIA?AN1 >E IMPATI5T AT HAV+ TO DEAL ) Y\NG PUNKS AS IF !Y W]E CITIZ5S ( A =EIGN P[] ) ITS W> *IEF & O!R GR& VIZI]S & ITS T]RITORIAL RI<TS4 ,! ,Y\? ,BO>D1 AS WE HAVE SE51 ACCEPTS ! SITUATION AS IT IS & TRIES TO W9 OV] ! Y\?'S ALLEGIANCE4 

,9 ?IS FRAMEWORK ( ANALYSIS1 IT IS CLE> :Y ! GANGS W> ON ONE ANO!R4 ,! 5TIRE /RUCTURE1 & MO/ ( ! LOYALTY1 ( EA* GANG IS GR\ND$ 9 ! VULN]ABLE CONCEIT ( ITS MEMB]S1 N[ SOCIALIZ$ & IMMEASURABLY /R5G!N$ BY ! GANG NAME1 UNI=M1 & T]RITORY4 ,SO !RE AT ONCE BEG9S TO OP]ATE1 ON ! GANG LEVEL1 :AT ,FREUD BEAUTIFULLY CALL$ ! 0N>CISSISM ( SMALL DIFF]5CES03 ?AT IT IS ! SMALLE/ DIFF]5CE FROM ONE'S [N SELF-IMAGE ( GR&EUR & P]FECTION ?AT IS MO/ ?REAT5+ & MO/ >\SES RAGE4 ,LIV+ ON ! O!R BLOCK IS QUITE SUFFICI5T TO MAKE AN 5EMY4 ,BE+ A SLI<TLY DIFF]5T COLOR IS GU>ANTE$4 ,WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT ! GANG HAS ALMO/ NO REAL SOCIAL OR CULTURAL RES\RCES TO SUPPORT ITS TI<T /RUCTURE & 9T5SE LOYALTY2 IT HAS TO MAKE EV]Y?+ \T ( 0PO9TS ( HONOR10 \T ( ! =MAL FACT ?AT ITS T]RITORY HAS BE5 9VAD$4 7,?US1 IF IT IS PUBLICLY ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ,JOE IS NO LONG] A MEMB] ( ! ,DRAGONS1 HE CAN SAFELY WALK D[N ,X ,/REET47 

,9TO ?IS =MAL 9SULT P\RS ALL ! ACCUMULAT$ REAL FRU/RATION1 ! UNDIS*>G$ /IMULATION1 ! ?W>T$ GR[+ UP1 & ! NATURAL 9SULT ?AT IS 5DEMIC 9 \R SOCIETY4 ,9 \R TRULY REM>KABLE & UNEXAMPL$ CIVIL PEACE1 :]E !RE >E R>ELY FI/ FI<TS2 :]E NO ONE IS BORN1 IS GRAVELY ILL1 OR DIES2 :]E MEAT IS EAT5 BUT NO ONE SEES AN ANIMAL SLAU<T]$2 :]E SCORES ( MILLIONS ( C>S1 TRA9S1 ELEVATORS1 & AIRPLANES GO !IR S*$UL$ WAY & !RE IS R>ELY A CRA%2 :]E AN IMM5SE PRODUCTION PROCE$S 9 ORD]LY EFFICI5CY & ! %ELVES >E DULY CLE>$--& NEV]!LESS NONE ( ?IS COMES TO JOY OR TRAGIC GRIEF OR ANY O!R F9AL GOOD--IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ IF !RE >E EXPLOSIONS4 ,!Y OCCUR AT ! B\ND>IES ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM ( SOCIETY3 9 JUV5ILE GANG FI<TS1 9 PRISON RIOTS1 9 =EIGN W>S4  
  

,!SE CONDITIONS >E ALMO/ SPECIFIC = ! EXCITEM5T ( PRIM>Y MASO*ISM4 ,!RE IS CONT9UAL /IMULATION & ONLY P>TIAL RELEASE ( T5SION1 AN UNBE>ABLE HEI<T5+ ( ! UNAW>E T5SIONS--UNAW>E BECAUSE PEOPLE DO NOT KN[ :AT !Y WANT1 NOR H[ TO GET IT4 ,! DESIRE = F9AL SATISFACTION1 = ORGASM1 IS 9T]PRET$ AS ! WI% = TOTAL SELF-DE/RUCTION4 ,IT IS 9EVITABLE1 !N1 ?AT !RE %\LD BE A PUBLIC DREAM ( UNIV]SAL DISA/]1 ) VA/ EXPLOSIONS1 FIRES1 & ELECTRIC %OCKS2 & PEOPLE POOL !IR EF=TS TO BR+ ?IS APOCALYPSE TO AN ACTUALITY4  
  
  

,AT ! SAME TIME ALL OV]T EXPRESSION ( DE/RUCTIV5ESS1 ANNIHILATION1 ANG]1 COMBATIV5ESS1 IS SUPPRESS$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( CIVIL ORD]4 ,ALSO1 ! FEEL+ ( ANG] IS 9HIBIT$ & EV5 REPRESS$4 ,PEOPLE >E S5SIBLE1 TOL]ANT1 POLITE1 & COOP]ATIVE 9 BE+ PU%$ >\ND4 ,BUT ! OCCASIONS ( ANG] >E BY NO MEANS M9IMIZ$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 :5 ! L>G] MOVEM5TS ( 9ITIATIVE >E CIRCUMSCRIB$ 9 ! COMPETITIVE R\T9ES ( (FICES1 BUREAUCRACIES1 & FACTORIES1 !RE IS PETTY FRICTION1 HURT FEEL+S1 BE+ CROSS$4 ,SMALL ANG] IS CONT9UALLY G5]AT$1 NEV] DIS*>G$2 BIG ANG]1 ?AT GOES ) BIG 9ITIATIVE1 IS REPRESS$4  
  
  

,!RE=E ! ANGRY SITUATION IS PROJECT$ AF>4 ,PEOPLE MU/ F9D BIG DI/ANT CAUSES TO EXPLA9 ! PRESSURE ( ANG] ?AT IS C]TA9LY NOT EXPLICABLE BY PETTY FRU/RATIONS4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO HAVE SOME?+ WOR?Y ( ! HATR$ ?AT IS UNAW>E FELT = ONESELF4 ,9 BRIEF1 ONE IS ANGRY ) ! ,5EMY4  
  
  

7,GE/ALT ,!RAPY1 ,I,I1 VIII1 #h47  

#g4 

  

7#f7 ,LA/1 BUT NOT LEA/1 BY ITS [N RESPONSE TO ANNOYANCE1 SOCIETY CREATES DEL9QU5T BEHAVIOR & DEL9QU5TS4 ,IF A *ILD1 :O DOES NOT KN[ :AT HE IS1 IS AU?ORITATIVELY TOLD ?AT HE IS A DEL9QU5T1 HE OB$I5TLY CON=MS TO ?IS ROLE TOO1 ESPECIALLY :5 IT 9VOLVES EXCLUSION FROM NONDEL9QU5T PLAYMATES4 ,A SPELL 9 A 0RE=M0 S*OOL 9CREASES ! *ANCES ( RETURN+ TO SOME O!R CORRECTIONAL 9/ITUTION ON A MORE S]I\S *>GE1 & ALMO/ GU>ANTEES BELONG+ TO A GANG1 = IT DEEP5S FATALISM & ?R[S ONE 9 ) CONG5IAL COMPANIONS4 ,= A LONG TIME PHILOSOPH]S HAVE BE5 PO9T+ \T ?AT IF !RE W]E NO JAILS !RE W\LD1 9 TIME1 BE LESS CRIME2 BUT ! POPUL> WISDOM WILL NOT BUY IT4 

,! SOCIAL CREATION ( ! DEL9QU5T *>ACT] IS A MATT] ( ! V]Y HI<E/ IMPORTANCE & DES]VES A BOOK TO ITSELF4 ,CONSID] :AT HAPP5S4 ,!RE >E A NUMB] ( QUITE DIFF]5T BEHAVIORS1 SOME REALLY H>MFUL & ANTISOCIAL1 SOME 9DIFF]5T & EV5 P]=M$ 9NOC5TLY1 YET ALL =BIDD54 ,:51 H[EV]1 !Y >E ALL T>R$ ) ! SAME BRU%1 ! SALI5T FACT AB\T !M ALL BECOMES !IR DEFIANCE1 CULPABILITY1 & PUNI%ABILITY4 ,VICE BECOMES 0V]TICAL03 IF A BOY MA/URBATES1 SMOKES1 PLAYS TRUANT1 HE MI<T AS WELL /EAL1 JOY RIDE1 HU/LE1 USE N>COTICS1 COMMIT BURGL>IES1 ETC4 ,SU* A BOY NO LONG] HAS FRI5DS1 BUT MUTUALLY BLACKMAIL+ ACCOMPLICES4 ,A SPECTACUL> EXAMPLE ( ?IS SOCIAL CREATION ( FELONY IS ! ILLEGALITY ( M>IJUANA1 :I* 9CREASES CONTACT ) PU%]S ( ADDICTIVE DRUGS2 & ! 9TRANSIG5T ATTITUDE T[>D H]O9 AS A CRIM9AL RA!R ?AN A SOCIO-M$ICAL PROBLEM GU>ANTEES WORSE CONSEQU5CES /ILL4 

#h4 

  

,! DEL9QU5T FATALISM IS ! FEEL+ ( NO *ANCE 9 ! PA/1 NO PROSPECT = ! FUTURE1 NO REC\RSE 9 ! PRES5T2 :5CE ! DRIVE TO DISA/]4 ,IT IS A RELIGI\S CRISIS4 ,WE SPOKE ( ! ,FR5* WRIT] ,JEAN ,G5ET AS ITS LIT]>Y PROPHET4 ,LET US CONCLUDE ?IS *APT] BY SOME REM>KS AB\T HIS WORK4 

,G5ET WRITES1 SOMETIMES EXPLICITLY BUT ALWAYS ESS5TIALLY1 AS A JUV5ILE DEL9QU5T4 ,! CRIM9ALS ) :OM HE EMPA?IZES >E NOT FULLY GR[N LIKE ?OSE ( ,DO/OEVSKI OR ,%AKESPE>E1 LIKE ! ,POSSESS$ OR ,IAGO & ,$MUND4 ,!Y >E NOT ADEQUATE1 !Y DO NOT HAVE PRET5SIONS1 TO ! 9DEP5D5T SOCIAL ID5TITIES ( K+%IP1 M>RIAGE1 FA!RHOOD1 POLITICS1 WEAL?4 ,G5ET'S H]OES >E Y\NG HU/L]S1 SAILORS DEP5D5T ON ! MO!R %IP1 Y\NG M5 9 JAIL1 SOLDI]S ( OCCUPATION4 ,HIS ?IEVES DO NOT ROB TO GET RI*1 BUT TO GET SP5D+ MONEY OR MONEY TO SQU&] & %[ (F4 ,?IS ?W>T$ JUV5ILISM IS ! SAME ?+ AS ! EXCLUSIVE HOMOSEXUALITY ( HIS WORLD1 ) ITS PHALLIC PROV+ & PHALLIC ADORATION4 ,YET ) ?IS UNPROMIS+ MAT]IAL1 HE P]=MS A POETIC MIRACLE4 

,HE DOES IT BY /RIPP+ AWAY ! CONCEIT1 ! CON=MITY & ! ONE-UPP+4 ,HE ACCEPTS1 FULLY & FUNDAM5TALLY1 ! TRUE SITUATION ( DEGRADATION1 HUMILIATION1 USELESSNESS1 & T]ROR 9 :I* HIS FELL[S LIVE4 ,9 ?IS HE IS LIKE ,DO/OEVSKI4 ,HE DOES SO ) P]FECT AW>5ESS & EV51 AS A WRIT]1 ) DELIB]ATE CALCULATION4 ,= 9/ANCE1 HE BEG9S ,LES ,POMPES ,FUNEBRES AS IF HE HAD ASK$3 ,:AT IS ! MO/ DEGRAD+ & (F5SIVE EPISODE POSSIBLE = MIDDLE-CLASS ,FR5* READ]S8 ,YET HIS AIM IS NOT TO (F5D1 HE IS NOT DEF5SIVE2 IT IS ?AT1 LIKE A CLASSICAL PLAYWRI<T1 HE WANTS TO E/ABLI% HIS PREMISES AT ONCE3 ?AT 9 ! SITUATION 9 :I* HE F9DS HIMSELF1 !SE >E ! ?+S ?AT WORK = HIM AS AN >TI/1 ?AT >E /ILL ALIVE4 

,9 A SPEE* ON DEL9QU5CY 7BANN$ FROM ! RADIO71 HE EXPLA9$ ?AT IF HE TRI$ TO WRITE AB\T ! B\RGEOIS & !IR IMPORTANT DO+S1 HIS P5 /UCK1 HE HAD NO?+ TO SAY2 BUT IF HE TURN$ TO !SE Y\NG CRIM9ALS 7REALLY JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS71 HIS ?\<TS TOOK W+1 HIS /YLE GL[$4 ,!RE=E HE KN[S !Y >E MORE H]OIC1 !Y >E ! SUP]IOR PEOPLE4 

,?AT IS1 HE DROPS ! DEF5SES ( ! UND]PRIVILEG$ BOY-MAN & GIVES HIMSELF COMPLETELY TO HIS [N RI*ES AS AN 9SPIR$ >TI/2 & ! EFFECT IS NOT S5SATIONAL--NOR EV5 BRAVADO--BUT1 AS ! IMAGES SO> & ! FEEL+ BECOMES MORE T5D] & ANGUI%$ & ! ?\<T MORE PR(\ND1 \R NORMAL VALUATION ( ?+S IS 9DE$ SWEPT AWAY1 & IS SUCCE$$ BY A LIV+ CONFUSION4 ,NATURALLY1 !N1 HIS BOOK IS REW>D$ BY COM+ TO ! CATACLYSMIC LITTLE S5T5CE3 0,T'AS ETE MALHEUREUX1 HE980 7,Y\ BE5 UNHAPPY1 HAV5'T Y\87 ,?IS TRU? IS1 ( C\RSE1 PRECISELY :AT ! T\< JUV5ILE DEL9QU5T C\LD 9 FACT NEV] SAY--BUT NEI!R C\LD MO/ ADULTS4 ,WE >E BACK TO TOTAL AB&ONM5T1 & !RE IS NO?+ TO DO BUT BAWL4 

,:5 ! CONCEIT1 ! BE+ COOL1 ! MASK-FACE1 >E TAK5 AWAY1 ! KIDS AT ONCE APPE> 9 !IR V>IETY1 COLOR1 LYRIC SPEE*1 & GRACEFUL & VIGOR\S POSES1 V]Y DIFF]5T FROM EI!R ! USUAL DEL9QU5T SULL5NESS OR ! CONV5TIONALITY ( ! RESIGN$ ,BEATS4 ,HAV+ HIMSELF NO A*IEV$ 9DEP5D5T P]SPECTIVE TO VIEW !M FROM1 ,G5ET CANNOT1 ( C\RSE1 TREAT !M FULLY AS *>ACT]S 9 !IR REAL PLACE 9 NATURE4 ,BUT AGA9 HIS >T DOES NOT FAIL !M4 ,:AT HE PRES5TS IS HIS [N & !IR EXI/5T FACT3 H[ !SE %APES APPE> AS FANTASY-OBJECTS = HIMSELF & ONE ANO!R4 7,HE IS WRIT+ AS AN HEIR ( ,PR\/47 ,HE USES AS ! BASIS ( HIS N>RATIVE MANN] ! EVOK$ S]IAL DAYDREAMS ( S*OOLGIRLS & ADOLESC5T BOYS1 ?AT >E (T5 MA/URBATION FANTASIES4 ,?IS IS A LIT]>Y 9NOVATION4 

,! IMPORTANCE ( ,G5ET = \R PURPOSES IS ?IS3 ,BY A SCRUPUL\SLY HONE/ >TI/IC ME?OD HE CREATES FROM ?IS UNPROMIS+ MAT]IAL A WORLD ?AT HAS 9T]E/ & VALUE4 ,)\T BE+ PHONY1 HE MAKES ! DO+S ( IGNORANT & SELF-DE/RUCTIVE KIDS GL[ ) NOBILITY & RELIGI\S SIGNIFICANCE2 HE MAKES !M MORE WOR? :ILE ?AN ! APP>5TLY ADULT DO+S 9 \R /&>D WRIT]S4 ,N[ AN >TI/ DEMON/RATES HIS WORLD4 ,IF ,G5ET CAN WRITE MORE BEAUTIFUL BOOKS AB\T !M1 !N !Y HAVE MORE LOVE & NATURE 9 !M1 = NO?+ COMES FROM NO?+4 ,LIKE ,MILL] & ! ,BEAT WRIT]S1 ,G5ET ALSO ACCEPTS :AT IS1 :ATEV] IT IS2 BUT 9 !IR WORLD 0:ATEV] IT IS0 IS A%5 DULL1 :]EAS AT ! LEVEL ( ,G5ET'S DISAFFECT$ JUV5ILES1 IT BEG9S TO GL[ A LITTLE2 SOME LIVE EMB]S >E UNCOV]$4 

,& 9DE$1 ! FATALI/IC SELF-DE/RUCTION ( ! KIDS /RUGGL+ = LIFE 9 AN 5VIRONM5T NOT SUIT$ TO PRODUCE GREAT HUMAN BE+S1 IS MORE 9T]E/+ ?AN ! SUCCESSFUL DO+S ( ?AT SOCIETY4 

#i4 

  

,IT IS NOT 9T]E/+ 5\<2 = !Y >E JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS & DO NOT HAVE 5\< WORLD4 ,AS SOON AS WE ASK QUE/IONS FROM ! WORLD ( GREAT CULTURE & SOCIETY1 !SE BOYS BEG9 TO BE1 9 ,ROB]T ,L9DN]'S PHRASE1 REBELS )\T A CAUSE1 & ?AT IS NOT 9T]E/+4 

,H]E IS ! PA?OS ( LIT]>Y CRITICS LIKE ,LIONEL ,TRILL+ :O DEM& ?AT \R NOVELS ILLUM9ATE ! MANN]S & MORALS ( PREVAIL+ SOCIETY4 ,PR(ESSOR ,TRILL+ IS RI<T1 BECAUSE O!RWISE :AT USE >E !Y = US8 ,BUT HE IS WRONG-HEAD$1 BECAUSE HE DOES NOT SEE ?AT ! BURD5 ( PRO( IS NOT ON ! >TI/ BUT ON \R SOCIETY4 ,IF SU* CONV5I5T CRITICISM ( PREVAL5T LIFE DOES NOT GET TO BE WRITT51 IT IS LIKELY ?AT ! PREVAIL+ SOCIETY IS NOT 9SPIR+ 5\<2 ITS HUMANITY IS NOT GREAT 5\<1 IT DOES NOT HAVE 5\< FUTURE1 TO BE WOR? ! NOVELI/'S TR\BLE4 

,! HI/ORY ( CONTEMPOR>Y NOVEL-WRIT+ TELLS ! /ORY V]Y CLE>LY4 ,HEM+WAY1 = 9/ANCE1 IS A PRETTY GOOD WRIT] & HE CAU<T ! SPIRIT ( ! Y\NG M5 ( A :OLE G5]ATION2 BUT ?IS IDEAL1 WE HAVE SE51 TURNS \T TO BE ! CONCEIT$ 0PROV+0 ( TRIBES ( JUNIOR EXECUTIVES & JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS4 ,FAULKN] IS A PRETTY GOOD WRIT] BUT HIS WORLD IS RESIGN$ 7?IS IS ! MEAN+ ( ITS P>O*IALISM71 & HIS WORK TURNS \T TO BE A V]Y COMPLICAT$ WAY ( BE+ ,BEAT4 ,9 MY [N ,! ,EMPIRE ,CITY1 ,I UND]TOOK ! TASK ( NOT GIV+ UP ANY CLAIM ( CULTURE & HUMANITY1 BUT MY *>ACT]S !N TURN \T TO BE F> \T ( ?IS WORLD4 ,MEANTIME !RE HAS DEVELOP$ A C\NT]/REAM ( WRIT+ ?AT HAS GIV5 UP ! TASK ( 9TEGRAT+1 & DEPICTS 9/EAD ! SITUATION AS IT IS1 :ATEV] IT IS3 SO ,CEL9E1 ,MILL]1 ,G5ET1 ,BURR\<S4 ,BUT AMONG ! MANY VIRTUES ( ?IS S*OOL1 CONSPICU\SLY ABS5T IS $IFICATION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiei 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

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