,APP5DICES 

#aifaif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,APP5DICES 

  
,A,P,P,5,D,I,X ,A 

  

,DECEMB] #a#b1 #aiei 

,COMMISSION] ( ,$UCATION 

,ALBANY 

,DE> ,DR4 ,ALL51 

,I UND]/& ?AT ! CASE ( ,JAMES ,WORLEY ( ,CROTON ,FALLS HAS COME TO Y\ = REVIEW4 ,ALL[ ME TO SAY SOME?+ 9 HIS BEHALF4 

,9 CONT5T1 HIS ORIG9AL PROTE/+ ACTION 7REFUS+ TO PREP>E A TWO-WEEK LESSON PLAN7 SEEMS TO ME BEYOND D\BT CORRECT4 ,I MYSELF HAVE TAU<T EV]Y AGE FROM T5-YE>-OLDS ?R\< ,PH4,D4 C&IDATES & OLD] ADULTS2 IT HAS BE5 MY UNIV]SAL EXP]I5CE ?AT =MAL PREP>ATION ( A LESSON PLAN BEYOND ! NEXT H\R OR TWO IS NOT ONLY UNREALI/IC BUT CAN BE POSITIVELY H>MFUL & RIGIDIFY+1 = IT 9T]F]ES ) ! MA9 ?+1 ! CONTACT BETWE5 ! TEA*] & HIS CLASS4 ,WORLEY'S DISAGREEM5T ) ! ADM9I/RATIVE ORD] IS1 TO ME1 SIMPLY EVID5CE ?AT HE IS A GOOD TEA*] & KN[S :AT ! RI<T TEA*+ RELATION IS4 ,A TEA*] :O W\LD S]I\SLY COMPLY ) ! ORD] W\LD LIKELY BE A POOR TEA*]4 7,\R MODEL MU/ ALWAYS BE ! ,SOCRATIC DIALOGUE1 = ! AIM IS NOT TO CONVEY SOME 9=MATION BUT TO GET ! 9=MATION ACROSS AS P>T ( ! /UD5T'S NATURE & SECOND NATURE1 SO HE CAN MAKE AN 9DIVIDUAL & CREATIVE USE ( IT47 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF ! COMPLIANCE IS NOT S]I\S IT IS A WA/E ( TIME2 &1 AS Y\ KN[ WELL1 TEA*]S >E BURD5$ ) PAP] WORK1 MU* ( :I* IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y4 

,9 =M1 HIS PROTE/ WAS C]TA9LY 9SUBORD9ATE4 ,BUT OBVI\SLY EA* ( US HAS ! MORAL & SOCIAL DUTY TO DRAW ! L9E SOME:]E AGA9/ OB$I5CE TO ]ROR4 ,WORLEY HAS DRAWN IT AT A V]Y CRUCIAL PO9T1 NAMELY1 :]E ! ORD] 9T]F]ES ) ! RI<T P]=MANCE ( ! JOB4 ,9 ! 5D ?IS IS ! SACR$ & F9AL OBLIGATION ( EV]Y PR(ESSIONAL1 TO DO ! WORK & TO DEF5D ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* ! WORK CAN BE DONE WELL4 

,! ISSUE IS ( IMM5SE IMPORTANCE4 ,\R C\NTRY IS BE+ SY/EMATICALLY EMASCULAT$ BY A SICK5+ WA/E ( HUMAN RES\RCES4 ,! EF=TS ( A ,DR4 ,CONANT TO SALVAGE SOME SCI5TIFIC TAL5T >E LUDICR\SLY 9ADEQUATE TO ! MA9 PROBLEM1 :I* IS PRECISELY ! DIFFICULTIES CREAT$ BY \R SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT KEEP ! 9V5TOR FROM HIS MAT]IALS1 ! WORKMAN FROM HONE/ LABOR1 ! TEA*] FROM HIS /UD5TS & SUBJECT MATT]1 & ! >TI/ FROM HIS PUBLIC4 ,WE CANNOT AF=D TO ?R[ AWAY GOOD TEA*]S TO SAVE FACE = MI/AK5 ADM9I/RATORS4 ,IT IS ! GLORY ( GOOD ADM9I/RATION PRECISELY TO SMOO? ! PA? = OBJECTIVE WORK TO PROCE$4 ,!RE=E ,I URGE Y\ TO 9T]V5E 9 ?IS CASE & RE9/ATE ,MR4 ,WORLEY4 

,COPY TO ,GOV4 ,ROCKEFELL] ,S9C]ELY1 

,PAUL ,GOODMAN 

,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 

7,! APPEAL ( ,MR4 ,WORLEY WAS REJECT$ BY ! ,COMMISSION] :O SAID ?AT1 ?\< HE WAS MU* 9 ! RI<T1 HE \<T TO HAVE ACT$ ?R\< ! PROP] *ANNELS47 

,A,P,P,5,D,I,X ,B3 ,NEW ,!AT] & ! ,UNIONS.<#a.> 

  

,I WANT TO DISCUSS A MI/AK5 POLICY ( C]TA9 !AT] CRAFT-UNIONS1 & SUGGE/ A REM$Y4 ,! MATT] HAS AN IMPORTANCE 9 ITSELF1 BECAUSE 9 REC5T YE>S !RE HAS BE5 A GR[? 9 NEW !AT] 0(F ,BROADWAY0 ?AT MAY1 IF IT IS 5C\RAG$1 COME TO SOME REAL LIV+ !AT]4 ,! UNION POLICY HAS BE5 A DISC\RAGEM5T--ALMO/ AS BAD AS ! UNAVAILABILITY ( REAL E/ATE--& IT HAS BE5 ATTACK$ ) ! USUAL JE]+ DEBAT]'S PO9TS BY ! TRIBE UNSYMPA!TIC TO UNIONISM AS SU*4 ,BUT ESPECIALLY ,I WANT TO DISCUSS ?IS QUE/ION BECAUSE IT IS1 9 P>VO1 A REM>KABLY APT CASE ( :AT IS BECOM+ ! *IEF PROBLEM ( \R CONTEMPOR>Y CULTURE3 H[ TO LIVE & BREA! CREATIVELY 9 A SOCIETY :OSE TE*NOLOGY & ORGANIZATIONS UNAVOIDABLY MAKE = CON=MITY4 

,)\T M5TION+ NAMES1 LET ME TELL ! /ORY CONCRETELY 9 A CASE :]E ,I HAPP5 TO KN[ ! FACTS4 ,H]E IS A COMPANY DEVOT$ TO NEW !AT] ?AT HAS N[ = NE>LY T5 YE>S KEPT AT WORK UND] >DU\S CONDITIONS1 9 L>G] OR SMALL] QU>T]S AS IT C\LD GET OR BUILD !M BY !IR [N & !IR FRI5DS' VOLUNT>Y LABOR4 ,! NUCLEUS ( ! COMPANY IS A GR\P ( !AT]-PEOPLE1 ACTORS1 MUSICIANS1 DANC]S1 & WRIT]S--SOME ( !M ( GREAT REPUTATION--:O HAVE ALL ( !M1 = FROM T5 TO FIFTY YE>S1 GIV5 !MSELVES1 (T5 F9ANCIALLY UNREW>D$1 TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( \R MOD]N >T4 ,!Y >E A CON/ELLATION COMP>ABLE1 = EXAMPLE1 TO ! F9E GR\P ?AT CO-OP]AT$ AS ! ,PROV9CET[N ,PLAY]S4 ,NOBODY W\LD QUE/ION ?AT !Y >E DEVOT$ TO ! GR[? ( !AT] & NOT TO MAK+ MONEY2 !Y TRY TO MAKE 5\< TO SU/A9 !MSELVES4 

,N[ 9 CA/+ !IR PRODUCTIONS1 !Y WANT TO EMPLOY ,EQUITY ACTORS4 ,MANY ( ?OSE :O VOLUNT>ILY BUILT ! PLACE !Y N[ OCCUPY >E ,EQUITY ACTORS1 & NATURALLY1 HAV+ LAID ! BRICKS1 !Y WANT TO ACT4 ,BY & L>GE1 PR(ESSIONAL ACTORS BELONG TO ,EQUITY & MO/ ( ! BE/ ACTORS >E PR(ESSIONAL1 SO Y\ WANT TO CA/ !M4 ,N[ ! SITUATION AMONG ACTORS IS AS FOLL[S3 7#a7 ,AB\T #ie P] C5T >E *RONICALLY UNEMPLOY$4 7#b7 ,ACTORS HAVE A K9D ( HUNG]1 A NE$1 TO ACT4 7#c7 ,UND]/&+ ?IS1 ,EQUITY P]MITS ITS MEMB]S TO WORK1 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 = AS LITTLE AS @s#d A WEEK1 REG>D+ ?IS FIGURE1 ,I GUESS1 AS PRETTY NE> ! DEC5T SUBSI/5CE M9IMUM ?AT A P]SON MU/ HAVE1 NO MATT] :AT HIS 5?USIASM OR O!R SATISFACTION 9 ! WORK4 ,:51 !N1 ?IS COMPANY S5DS \T A CA/+ CALL 9 ! PR(ESSIONAL J\RNALS1 !RE >E HUNDR$S ( RESPONSES FROM ACTORS EAG] = ANY P>T1 HOP+ TO ADVANCE !IR C>E]S BY APPE>+ & GETT+ NOTICES1 & MANY ( !M GLAD TO WORK 9 A CULTUR$ NONCOMM]CIAL ATMOSPH]E ON 9TR9SICALLY MORE 9T]E/+ MAT]IAL1 :]E !Y CAN LE>N SOME?+4 ,?AT IS1 SMALL NONCOMM]CIAL !AT]S ( HI< /&>DS1 & TRA9$ PR(ESSIONAL ACTORS1 >E MUTUALLY USEFUL TO ONE ANO!R2 & ,EQUITY RECOGNIZES ?IS OBVI\S FACT4 

,! PR(ESSIONAL !AT]1 H[EV]1 IS ORGANIZ$ ALSO ON ! PR9CIPLE ?AT ,EQUITY PLAY]S MAY NOT ACT 9 A NONUNION PLAY1 A PLAY :OSE /AFF IS NOT UNION4 ,9 MY OP9ION ?IS PR9CIPLE IS A CORRECT ONE 7= REASONS ,I %ALL BRIEFLY M5TION 9 A MOM5T74 ,BUT UN=TUNATELY IT WORKS \T AS FOLL[S3 ,:5 ! DIRECTOR ( ! COMPANY GOES TO ! V>I\S CRAFT & /AFF UNIONS TO GET A C\NT]SIGNATURE TO ALL[ ,EQUITY PLAY]S TO PLAY1 HE IS TOLD ?AT HE MU/ EMPLOY #a UNION /AGEH& AT @s#a#c#g A WEEK1 #a UNION PRESS AG5T AT @s#a#d#e1 #a UNION SC5E-DESIGN] AT @s#d P] DAY 7= AT LEA/ #c DAYS72 & :5EV] !RE IS TO BE A LITTLE LIVE MUSIC1 !RE MU/ BE UNION MUSICIANS AT SIMIL> FIGURES4 ,ALL ?IS AM\NTS TO A F9ANCIAL BURD5 \T ( ALL PROPORTION TO ! COMPANY'S O!R EXP5SES1 & TO ! PR(ITS !Y EXPECT OR EV5 HOPE =2 IT IS QUITE UNFEASIBLE4 7,! !AT] HAS LESS ?AN #age SEATS2 SOME >E KEPT AT @s#a1 SO /UD5TS CAN COME2 FIGURE IT \T47 ,9 ! CASE H]E1 ! BURD5 HAPP5S TO BE P>TICUL>LY GALL+ BECAUSE ! DIRECTOR HIMSELF IS A GIFT$ & WELL-KN[N SC5IC DESIGN]2 LIKE ALL O!R >TI/IC GR\PS1 !Y PREF] TO C\* !IR PRESS RELEASES & O!R PUBLIC RELATIONS 9 !IR [N /YLE2 ! WORK DONE BY /AGEH&S IS :AT ALMO/ EV]YBODY CONNECT$ ) A LITTLE !AT] IS SKILL$ AT & DOES ) PLEASURE2 & EV]Y:]E 9 9TEGRAL !AT] !RE IS A NE$ = LIVE MUSIC--IT CAN NEV] BE OMITT$1 & CANN$ MUSIC IS DEA?LY4 

,! UNIONS >E 9FLEXIBLE 9 !IR DEM&S2 ! COMPANY CANNOT FULFILL !M4 ,9 ?IS IMPASSE !RE IS AT ONCE G5]AT$ 5ORM\S HEAT & IDIOTIC REM>KS4 0,IF Y\ DON'T HAVE ! MONEY1 /AY \T ( ! !AT]60 SAYS A DI/+UI%$ FUNCTION>Y ( ONE ( ! UNIONS4 0,Y\'RE A PA9T]10 HE SAYS TO ! DIRECTOR1 0:Y DON'T Y\ /ICK TO PICTURES80 ,ON ! O!R SIDE1 ! ,EQUITY ACTORS CONNECT$ ) ! COMPANY >E 9 A RAGE & AB\T TO TE> UP !IR C>DS4 ,?OSE :O >E POLITICALLY HEP PO9T \T ?AT ORGANIZ$ LABOR HAS FALL5 9TO ! H&S ( RACKETE]S4 ,& ! P>ANOID DEMON/RATE ?AT !RE IS A CONSPIRACY AMONG ! UNIONS1 ! CRITICS1 & ! [N]S ( !AT] REAL E/ATE1 TO PREV5T ANY?+ NEW & BETT] FROM HAPP5+4 

,N,E,C,E,S,S,I,T,Y ,( ,! ,U,N,I,O,N,S 

  

,LET ME 9SI/ ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( TOTAL !AT] UNIONISM1 9CLUD+ ,EQUITY1 SEEMS TO ME TO BE CORRECT4 ,?IS IS SIMPLY BECAUSE ( ! NATURE ( ! !AT] >TS & CRAFTS4 ,\R CITY AB\NDS 9 PEOPLE ( >TI/IC TAL5T1 EAG] TO EX]CISE !IR SEP>ATE TAL5TS4 ,BY DISPOSITION SU* PEOPLE >E FREE LANCES2 & ! /ATE ( S]I\S >T 9 \R SOCIETY IS SU* ?AT1 UNTIL !Y MAKE A LOT ( MONEY1 FREE >TI/S HAVE LITTLE /ATUS OR SECURITY & CANNOT EASILY MA9TA9 !IR RI<TS & DIGNITY4 ,AS A GR\P1 !N1 !Y >E PECULI>LY SUBJECT TO BE+ TAK5 ADVANTAGE ( & EXPLOIT$ BY PRODUC]S :O CAN GIVE !M ANY WORK AT ALL2 & :5 TAK5 ADVANTAGE (1 !Y ACT EFFECTUALLY AS SCABS & L[] ! /&>DS ( HONE/ EMPLOYM5T4 ,?AT IS1 IT IS PRECISELY ! 9TR9SIC VIRTUES ( ! TAL5T$1 !IR HUNG] TO WORK & !IR SOLIT>9ESS1 ?AT MAKE !M SOCIALLY WEAK & LIABLE TO L[] SOCIAL /&>DS4 ,POOR GIFT$ MUSICIANS1 PA9T]S1 POETS1 DANC]S1 & ACTORS >E SEV]ALLY WEAK 9DE$2 BY 9SI/+1 EV5 9FLEXIBLY & 9TRANSIG5TLY1 ON !IR UNION1 ONE CAN GIVE !M COLLECTIVELY SOME /R5G?4 

,:AT !N8 ,! PR9CIPLE ( UNIONISM LAYS AN UNBE>ABLE BURD5 ON ANY NEW NONCOMM]CIAL COMPANY2 IT WORKS TO ! DISADVANTAGE ( ,EQUITY ACTORS2 & YET ! PR9CIPLE ITSELF IS A NECESS>Y ONE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 DISPASSIONATELY CONSID]$1 ! SOLUTION TO ?IS DILEMMA IS EASY4 ,BRIEFLY1 IF WE C>EFULLY CONSID] ! NATURE ( !AT]1 WE %ALL SEE ?AT NEW !AT] 9 G5]AL CANNOT MAKE MONEY & MU/ OV]COME GREAT OB/ACLES 9 ORD] TO EXI/2 & YET EV5TUALLY IT MU/ 9 TURN BECOME IMM5SELY POPUL> & MAKE A LOT ( MONEY1 BECOM+ ! EXCIT+ NOVELTY 9 COMM]CIAL !AT]4 ,! PROCESS HAS TWO /EPS1 & M9DFUL ( !IR [N 9T]E/S ! UNIONS MU/ HAVE A DUAL ATTITUDE3 POSITIVELY TO FO/] ! NEW & NONCOMM]CIAL1 & TO PROTECT !IR /&>DS 9 ! COMM]CIAL2 & !RE \<T TO BE A DEF9ITE RULE TO M>K ! PASSAGE FROM ! FIR/ /AGE ( ! PROCESS TO ! SECOND4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT IT IS A VAGUE OR CLE> UND]/&+ ( ?IS ?AT1 9 P>T1 HAS L$ ,EQUITY TO ITS [N MORE FLEXIBLE POLICY4 

,! ,N,A,T,U,R,E ,( ,N,E,W ,!,A,T,] 

  

,REFLECT A MOM5T ON ! FOLL[+ COMMONPLACE OBS]VATIONS3  

,! !AT] IS A F9E >T = AN IMM$IATE PRES5T PUBLIC2 & IT IS ALSO A COLLABORATION ( MANY SKILLS4 ,!RE=E1 !AT] REQUIRES A L>GE SOCIAL EF=T1 SETT+ MANY PEOPLE 9 MOTION1 & A C]TA9 AM\NT ( SOCIAL CAPITAL4 7,NOT NECESS>ILY A L>GE CAPITAL1 COMP>$1 SAY1 ) >*ITECTURE1 :]E ! V]Y M$IUM IS EXP5SIVE2 BUT AN EV5 L>G] SOCIAL EF=T ?AN >*ITECTURE47  

,RADICALLY NEW !AT]1 LIKE ANY NEW >T1 CANNOT EXPECT A MASS POPUL> RESPONSE1 = IT PRES5TS :AT IS UNFAMILI> & IS EV5 ACTIVELY RESI/$ AS MEAN+LESS1 P]V]SE1 OR DANG]\S4 ,! SIGN ( SUCCESSFUL NEW !AT] IS ?AT ! AUDI5CE IS TORN BETWE5 FASC9ATION & ! IMPULSE TO WALK \T 9 DISGU/4 ,! ANXIETY ( NEW !AT] IS GREAT] ?AN ) O!R NEW >T BECAUSE !AT] DEM&S A RESPONSE 9 PUBLIC1 & ITS M$IUM IS EXCEPTIONALLY CLOSE TO ! ANIMAL & SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ( LIFE4 ,! SAME ANXIETY1 BY ! WAY1 IS FELT EV5 MORE BY ! PLAY]S ?AN BY PUBLIC1 AS ANY ONE :O HAS REHE>S$ NEW !AT] ) CONV5TIONAL ACTORS CAN TE/IFY4 ,!RE=E1 IT IS ONLY FROM SMALL1 9T5SELY P]SONALLY 9VOLV$ GR\PS1 & A SMALL PUBLIC ( ! LIKE-M9D$1 ?AT WE CAN EXPECT NEW !AT] TO EM]GE4  

,BUT CONV]SELY1 ONCE A NEW !ATRICAL ADVANCE HAS BE5 MADE1 IT IS LIKELY TO BECOME IMM5SELY POPUL>1 = IT IS %>$ EXCITEM5T4 ,A NEW ADVANCE 9 SOME O!R >T NE$ NOT BECOME POPUL> 9 ?IS WAY1 =1 AL?\< HUMANLY IMPORTANT1 IT MAY BE SPECIALI/ & LE>N$2 BUT !AT] >T IS COMMON & SIMPLE4  

,SO-CALL$ 0LITTLE !AT]0 GR\PS1 MAK+ A GREAT SOCIAL EF=T & OV]COM+ GREAT OB/ACLES1 FROM REAL E/ATE TO 9T]P]SONAL RELATIONS1 & ) LITTLE 9COME TO EASE ! PA?1 >E DRIV5 BY AN >TI/IC FATALITY 9TO ! D>+ & ! RADICALLY NEW4 ,!Y >E NOT DILETTANTES OR AMATEURS2 !IR AIM IS TO A*IEVE AT LEA/ ! EXCITEM5T ( ! BIG PR(ESSIONAL 5T]TA9M5T--O!RWISE1 :Y BO!R8 ,YET !IR MEANS >E LIMIT$4 ,!RE=E !Y EXPLORE NEW WAYS ( H&L+ LIMIT$ MEANS1 TO GET AS MU* MEAN+ AS IF !Y HAD EXT5SIVE MEANS2 ?IS CREATES />TL+ EFFECTS4 ,OR ALT]NATELY !Y MAKE D>+ SIMPLIFICATIONS1 & ?IS CREATES />TL+ EFFECTS4  
  

,LET ME SUM UP !SE FAMILI> PROPOSITIONS 9 A =MULA3 ,! TASK ( NEW !AT] IS TO F9D \T & 9V5T :AT MU/ BE UNPOPUL> & YET WILL SOON BE IMM5SELY POPUL>2 IT IS 9 ?IS ?ORNY TASK ?AT IT MAKES A GREAT SOCIAL EF=T AGA9/ MANY OB/ACLES4 ,NATURALLY PEOPLE >E NOT TOO ATTRACT$ BY ?IS PROSPECT4 ,LIKE MO/ ( ! 0(F-,BROADWAY0 !AT] AT PRES5T1 PEOPLE PREF] ! EASI] TASK ( P]=M+ MOD]N CLASSICS 7! NEW !AT] ( ONE OR TWO G5]ATIONS AGO72 ( IMPORT+ ,EUROPEAN SUCCESSES ?AT >E EXOTICALLY SAFE2 OR ( GIV+ MUSEUM-LIKE REVIVALS1 MORE PROP]LY ! FUNCTION ( UNIV]SITY PLAY]S & D$ICAT$ AMATEURS4 ,ALL ?AT IS (F ,BROADWAY & FAIRLY NONCOMM]CIAL1 BUT IT IS NOT NEW !AT]4 7,I DO NOT MEAN1 BY ! WAY1 ?AT ! COMPANY ,I AM DISCUSS+ IS A PURE MODEL ( NEW !AT]1 BUT IT IS ONE ( ! BE/ ( A BAD LOT1 & NO?+ IS P]FECT H]E BEL[47 

,A ,P,R,O,P,O,S,A,L ,T,O ,! ,U,N,I,O,N,S 

  

,BE>+ ALL ?IS 9 M9D1 W\LD NOT ! WISE1 ! /ATESMAN-LIKE1 ATTITUDE ( ! UNIONS BE = !M TO SAY SOME?+ LIKE ?IS3 0,NEW !AT]6 GO TO IT & WE HOPE Y\ SUCCE$4 ,= IF Y\ DO1 !RE WILL BE A NEW K9D ( IMM5SELY POPUL> & PAY+ !AT]2 & IF Y\ DON'T1 !RE WILL BE ONLY A DY+ !AT]4 ,! POLICY ( ,EQUITY1 DI/+UI%+ A COMM]CIAL & A NONCOMM]CIAL !AT]1 IS A S\ND ONE2 BUT WE1 ( C\RSE1 >E 9 A DIFF]5T SITUATION FROM ! ACTORS3 = \R C>P5T]S1 ELECTRICIANS1 PRESS AG5TS1 MUSICIANS1 & SO =?1 !RE IS NO PSY*OLOGICAL NECESSITY TO P]=M 9 !AT]S2 UNEMPLOY$ 9 ! !AT]1 !Y C\LD GET O!R JOBS2 & WE SEE NO REASON1 !RE=E1 TO L[] !IR /&>DS 9 ANY WAY4 ,BUT AS = ! ACTORS1 DIRECTORS1 & CREATIVE >TI/S ( SC5E1 WORD1 MOVEM5T & MUSIC1 :O NE$ ! !AT] PUBLIC TO EX]CISE !IR TAL5TS1 WE %ALL NOT /& 9 !IR WAY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 AS SOON AS Y\ FREE >TI/S BEG9 TO GET 9TO ! MONEY1 !N ! SITUATION IS 5TIRELY DIFF]5T1 & WE HAVE A RI<T TO TAKE \R PLACE 9 ! 5T]PRISE & EXACT \R FAIR %>ES4 ,WE HAVE ! RI<T BECAUSE ALL WEAL? IS SOCIAL WEAL?1 PRODUC$ BY SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 & IT MU/ BE APPORTION$ ACCORD+ TO ! RULES ?AT SOCIETY HAS COME TO AT ! PRES5T TIME1 TO A*IEVE :I* WE 9 LABOR HAVE F\<T & SUFF]$ MU*4 ,!RE=E WE %ALL1 BY SOME REASONABLE RULE ( ?UMB1 SET A FIGURE1 P]HAPS AN 9COME FIGURE1 P]HAPS A PR(IT RATIO1 AT :I* WE ?9K Y\R FREE >T HAS 5T]$ ! CA% NEXUS1 A DIVID+ L9E1 AT :I* ! EXCIT+LY UNPOPUL> IS BEG9N+ TO BE ! IMM5SELY POPUL>2 & :5 ANY ( Y\R 5T]PRISES CROSSES ?AT L9E1 IT MU/ BE TOTAL UNION4 ,WE RES]VE ! RI<T TO EXAM9E Y\R QUALIFICATIONS & *ECK Y\R BOOKS1 & SO Y\ AFFILIATE ) US AS Y\R FRI5DS & PAY A NOM9AL DUES40 

,?IS1 ,I SUBMIT1 IS ! WISE1 ! /ATESMANLIKE1 ATTITUDE ?AT LOSES NO?+ = ! UNIONS1 & ?AT 5C\RAGES ! GR[? ( !AT]4 ,IT CAN SET A DEF9ITE RULE ?AT FITS ! REAL NATURE ( ! CASE1 UNLIKE ! PRES5T AB/RACT 0POLICY0 OR ALT]NATIVE NONPOLICY ( MAK+ 0EXCEPTIONS02 ( SOMETIMES BE+ 9TRANSIG5T & SOMETIMES %UTT+ ! EYES2 ( ACT+ DE FACTO AS P[]FUL CRITICS & C5SORS F> BEYOND !IR COMPET5CE4 ,9/EAD1 IT GIVES ! !AT] CRAFTS A NOBLE & PROTECTIVE ROLE 9 ! GR[? ( ! CULTURE ( ! PEOPLE4 

,A ,N,E,W ,R,E,S,P,O,N,S,I,B,I,L,I,T,Y 

  

,I SAID AT ! \TSET ?AT ?IS SMALL QUE/ION CONTA9S A GREAT QUE/ION2 )\T FUR!R ADO1 LET ME G5]ALIZE4 ,! CASE IS ) US 9 ,AM]ICA ?AT1 BY & L>GE1 VA/ ORGANIZATIONS1 ( /ATE1 CAPITAL1 PRODUCTION1 LABOR1 COMMUNICATIONS1 $UCATION1 URBANISM1 ETC41 ETC41 HAVE PREEMPT$ ! MEANS ( LIFE4 ,?IS IS CURR5TLY 9EVITABLE & D\BTLESS 9 MANY WAYS DESIRABLE1 ?\< NOT SO UNQUE/IONABLY DESIRABLE AS MO/ PEOPLE ?9K4 7,:5 EV]Y?+ IS DONE ACCORD+ TO A C]TA9 PATT]N1 IT IS H>D TO IMAG9E H[ SOME O!R PATT]N C\LD WORK AT ALL47 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS RESULT+ 9 A CON=MITY ?AT IS BY N[ 9ANE & BOR+ & WILL SOON BE DANG]\S1 = NO?+ REVITALIZ+ CAN OCCUR 9 AN ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN1 & :5 SOME?+ OCCURS \TSIDE ! PLAN IT MAY NOT HAVE SPACE TO GR[4 ,ALL ?IS HAS BECOME A FAMILI> COMPLA9T4 

,I WANT TO SUGGE/ SIMPLY ?AT ) !IR P[]1 !SE ORGANIZATIONS HAVE ACQUIR$ A NEW1 /RANGE1 & TR\BLESOME RESPONSIBILITY3 TO LIMIT ! EX]CISE ( !IR P[] MORE 9TELLIG5TLY ?AN !Y >E ACCU/OM$ TO1 TO /& \T ( ! WAY 9 ORD] ?AT !RE CAN BE A FUTURE ALSO = !MSELVES4 

,A,P,P,5,D,I,X ,C3 ,! ,FRE$OM TO ,GO.<#b.> 

  

,I HAV5'T READ ,JOHN ,KEATS' ,! ,9SOL5T ,*>IOTS1 BUT ,I CAN SEE ?AT IT & ,MANFR$ ,MAC>?UR'S CRITIQUE ( IT PROVIDE AN EXCELL5T EXAMPLE ( A DUAL APPROA* 9 REC5T SOCIOLOGY ?AT IS 9EVITABLE BECAUSE WE HAVE A DUAL ECONOMY ?AT IS BE+ ANALYZ$4 ,WE HAVE ONE SOCIETY BUT TWO K9DS ( MONEY3 H>D MONEY & S(T MONEY1 AS SOMEBODY HAS CALL$ !M 7,I DON'T KN[ :O FIR/74 ,H>D MONEY IS ! OLD-FA%ION$ MONEY ?AT Y\ 0REALLY0 WORK =1 ?AT IS MEASUR$ BY LABOR TIME & SURPLUS VALUE1 & ?AT APPLIES ON ! M>KET1 9CLUD+ ! M>KET = LABOR ACCORD+ TO AN IRON LAW ( WAGES4 ,S(T MONEY IS MAD MONEY OR SAILOR MONEY ?AT HAS AT PRES5T1 H[EV]1 SKYROCKET$ 9 AM\NT2 IT IS NOT ONLY GIV5 AWAY ON ,T,V = 0P]SONAL APPE>ANCES0 OR = NO?+1 & AS WILD SAL>IES ON ,MADISON ,AV5UE & 9 ,HOLLYWOOD2 BUT ALSO1 V]Y G5]ALLY1 IT P\RS 9TO FR+E B5EFITS1 9TO LONG VACATIONS ) PAY1 GIVEAWAY F\NDATIONS TO AVOID UPP]-BRACKET TAXES1 & EV51 9 AN IMPORTANT ASPECT1 SOCIAL 9SURANCE4 ,NATURALLY !SE TWO MONEYS HAVE DIFF]5T MORALITIES1 & CONTRA/+ MORALI/S LIKE ,MAC>?UR & ,KEATS4 

,IT IS 9EVITABLE ?AT WE HAVE !SE TWO K9DS ( MONEY1 BECAUSE WE HAVE A SURPLUS TE*NOLOGY4 ,! ,AM]ICAN MA*9E IS WORK+ AT A SMALL FRACTION ( ITS PRODUCTIVITY1 & NEV]!LESS !RE IS A VA/ SURPLUS ( NOT V]Y DESIRABLE WEAL? PRODUC$ ?AT SIMPLY MU/ BE B\<T UP ) ! S(T MONEY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME !RE IS ALWAYS A CORE ( SUBSI/5CE PRODUCTION1 = M5 NE$ BREAD & %ELT]1 & TO GET ?IS Y\ HAVE TO PAY1 & WORK =1 H>D MONEY4 ,IT DOES NOT SEEM TO ME SUFFICI5T TO DISCUSS ?IS UNIQUE HI/ORICAL MON/] 9 T]MS ( CLASS EXPLOITATION1 RE9VE/M5T1 & ! FALL+ RATE ( 9T]E/--= ! S(T MONEY P\RS TO ALL CLASSES4 ,YET1 9 P[] & CONTROL1 \R 9/ITUTIONS /ILL DO WORK ACCORD+ TO ! OLD ECONOMIC PR9CIPLES4 ,IF Y\ OMIT ! OLD ECONOMIC ANALYSIS1 9 EI!R Y\R !ORY OR Y\R BEHAVIOR1 Y\ LOSE \T2 BUT IF Y\ ?9K & BEHAVE 9 ?OSE T]MS1 Y\ >E QUITE \T ( T\* ) ! FACTS ( LIFE1 :]E BUREAUCRATIC & LEISURE VALUES >E P>AM\NT4 

,SO WE HAVE TWO GR& /REAMS ( SOCIAL WRIT+ ?AT >E FANTA/ICALLY UNCOMMUNICAT+4 ,!RE >E ! MORE ACADEMIC & PO/-,M>XI/ ANALY/S ( 9/ITUTIONS1 SAY1 ,MILLS OR ,B5 ,SELIGMAN OR ,L]N] OR ,LUNDB]G OR ,F>RELL2 & !RE >E ! MORE J\RNALI/IC & ,FREUDIAN ANALY/S ( MASS CULTURE1 LIKE ,RIESMAN OR ,LEITES OR ,L>RABEE & ,LYNES OR ,SPECTORSKY4 ,CURI\SLY1 EA* GR\P W\LD PROBABLY ?9K ! O!R GR\P IS RA!R CONS]VATIVE & NEGLECTS ! MO/ IMPORTANT LEV]S ( SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,I MYSELF DON'T KN[1 ,I HAVE NOT HE>D1 A UNIFI$ !ORY ?AT AVOIDS ! OV]DET]M9ATION ( !SE DUAL 9T]PRETATIONS2 & FRANKLY1 ,I DON'T SEE ! NE$ = ONE1 SO LONG AS EA* AU?OR HONE/LY WORKS AT :AT SEEMS TO HIM TO BE ! MA9 PROBLEM4 ,!RE IS PL5TY ( 9JU/ICE & FOLLY = ALL4 

,MY BIAS IS ?AT ,KEATS & ,MAC>?UR BO? >E P]FECTLY RI<T AB\T ! AUTOMOBILES ) !IR HUGE GIR? & LONG TAILS4 ,I DO ?9K1 H[EV]1 ?AT BY OV]LOOK+ ! CRUCIAL FACTOR ( \R SURPLUS PRODUCTIVITY--! ,PRESID5T'S ANGUI%$ \TCRY ?AT IT IS UN-,AM]ICAN NOT TO BUY1 /ILL R+S 9 MY S\L--BO? AU?ORS >E UNFAIR & UN*>ITABLE T[>D \R ,AM]ICAN PROBLEM4 ,KEATS SEEMS 7,I HAVE NOT READ HIM7 TO NEGLECT1 OR NOT SUFFICI5TLY TO /RESS1 ! BASIC NE$ ( ! M>KET = FA%ION & NOVELTY ?AT UND]LIES ! P&]+ TO SEX1 SPE$1 & PRE/IGE4 ,!RE HAS TO BE SOME DIFF]5CE TO MAKE ! YE>'S MODEL SALABLE4 ,PUT \T ! MO/ EFFICI5T MA*9E Y\ WANT1 & Y\ WILL /ILL HAVE ! PROBLEM ( H[ TO SELL MORE ( IT ?AN ANYBODY NE$S4 ,! EXP]TS AT ?IS PROBLEM >E NOT 5G9E]S BUT 09DU/RIAL DESIGN]S40 ,& IF Y\ SAY1 /OP MAK+ ! NE$LESS C>S1 !N :AT >E Y\ GO+ TO DO ) ! PRODUCTIVITY ( ,AM]ICA8 ,I DON'T MEAN ?AT !RE IS NO ANSW]1 BUT ?AT ?IS IS ! QUE/ION4 

,MAC>?UR1 ON ! O!R H&1 SEEMS TO ME TO BE V]Y F> FROM ! REALITY ) HIS PURITANICAL REM>K AB\T SAV+ MONEY & LABOR & TAK+ TRA9S & BUSSES4 ,SU* ,VEBL5-MORALS APPLY TO AN ECONOMY ( SC>CITY4 ,:Y SAVE ! MONEY & LABOR8 ,TO 9CREASE ! TIME ( LEISURE8 ,BUT SURVEYS 7E4G41 9 ,L>RABEE & ,MEY]SOHN'S AN?OLOGY ,MASS-,LEISURE7 %[ ?AT IT IS PRECISELY = LEISURE ?AT PRECISELY A WORK+MAN'S C> IS HIS *IEF SALVATION FROM ABSOLUTE 9ANITION4 ,:AT IF ! C> /&S IDLE \TSIDE ! PLANT BECAUSE ! LONELY HALF-H\R DRIVE TO & FROM WORK IS ! MAN'S MO/ PRECI\S H\R ( ! DAY AT EI!R WORK OR LEISURE8 ,! C> IS HIS %>E 9 ! SUP]AB\ND+ WEAL?2 :AT %>E W\LD ?IS AU?OR GIVE HIM8 ,ON SUNNY HOLIDAYS1 ! WORK+MAN WILL SP5D LONG H\RS 0FIX+ ! C>0--IT IS HIS FRE$OM TO ,GO1 ?\< 9DE$ HE HAS NO:]E TO GO1 BUT P>KS \TSIDE ! MOVIE4 

0,! WA/E10 CONCLUDES ,MAC>?UR1 0IS CAUS$ BY LACK ( RESPONSIBLE OV]-ALL PLANN+40 ,IF BY PLANN+ HE MEANS SOCIALI/ PLANN+ ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 ,I ?9K ?AT ?IS IS NONS5SE 7= ! ,AM]ICAN SC5E74 ,WE >E ALREADY TOO EFFICI5T = \R CULTURAL RES\RCES4 ,IF1 H[EV]1 HE MEANS BY PLANN+ AN ORGANIC CONSID]ATION ( MEANS & 5DS1 & ! $UCATION ( ! S\LS ( M5 TO BE ABLE TO USE PRACTICALLY ! WEAL? ( ,GOD & MAN1 !N1 TO HIS SURPRISE1 HE WILL HAVE TO BEG9 TO ?9K ( SEX & SPE$ & P[] & ALL ?AT4 

,A,P,P,5,D,I,X ,D3 ,! ,FRE$OM TO BE ,ACADEMIC.<#c.> 

  

,A SPECIAL COMMITTEE AT ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY HAS WORK$ = ?REE YE>S ON ! /UDY ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM1 & H]E N[ >E TWO BOOKS1 BY ,RI*>D ,H(/ADT] & ,WALT] ,METZG]1 & BY ,ROB]T ,MAC,IV]1 A HI/ORY ( ! ACADEMIC 0FRE$OM ( 9QUIRY0 & A POLEMICAL DEF5SE ( IT AGA9/ CURR5T ATTACKS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES4 0,9QUIRY0 IS A T]M FROM ! PRAGMATIC VOCABUL>Y & D5OTES1 R\<LY1 A SE>* TO SOLVE PROBLEMS 9 ! ONGO+ PROCESS ( LIFE2 REAL1 NOT 0ACADEMIC0 PROBLEMS1 ?\< NOT1 ( C\RSE1 N>R[LY UTILIT>IAN PROBLEMS4 ,! QUE/ION ,I WANT TO RAISE IS1 TO :AT EXT5T DO !SE AU?ORS S]I\SLY MEAN ?IS & MEAN TO DEF5D IT8 

#a4 

  

,LET ME />T BY TAK+ AN ANNOY+ & APP>5TLY UNFAIR TACK4 ,9 DISCUSS+ ! CASE ( ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL1 ,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV] SAYS1 0,ACTUALLY 444 ,RUSSELL WAS DEAL+1 =?RI<TLY & S9C]ELY1 ) ! MO/ PROBLEMATIC ( ALL >EAS ( SOCIAL RELATION%IP .<SEX.>40 7,A,F #a#e#f7.<#d.> ,?IS IS AN 9NOC5T PASS+ REM>K 9 A RELATIVELY M9OR CONTEXT 9 ! BOOK1 BUT LET IS SUDD5LY /OP AT IT %ORT & TAKE ! S5T5CE AT FACE VALUE4 ,IF SEXUAL RELATIONS IS ! MO/ PROBLEMATIC ( ALL >EAS ( 9QUIRY1 WE %\LD EXPECT ?AT MO/ OR V]Y MANY SOCIAL SCI5TI/S >E 9QUIR+ & TEA*+ H]E1 OR AT LEA/ ?AT ! *AIRM5 ( DEP>TM5TS >E FALL+ ALL OV] !MSELVES TO 5LI/ EXP]TS = !IR /AFFS 9 ?IS NOVEL FIELD2 9 ! NATURE ( ! CASE MU* ?AT !SE PEOPLE >E HYPO!SIZ+ & AFFIRM+ MU/ BE UNCONV5TIONAL & SOCIALLY UNACCEPTABLE1 = 09 NO O!R >EA ( HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS !RE SO UNBRIDGEABLE A GULF BETWE5 ! (FICIALLY SANCTION$ E?ICS & ! SOCIALLY ACCEPT$ WAYS0 7,A,F #a#e#g72 & SO !RE MU/ H]E BE LOTS ( CASES ( 9FR+EM5T ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM4 ,BUT NO SU* ?+4 ,9 ! ?REE HUNDR$ PAGES ( ,MACLV]'S BOOK1 SIX >E SOME:AT 7MO/LY 9DIRECTLY7 CONC]N$ ) SU* CASES2 9 ! FIVE HUNDR$ PAGES ( ! HI/ORY1 NONE4 ,N[ ?IS IS NOT1 ,I AM CONV9C$1 BECAUSE \R AU?ORS >E PREJUDIC$ ON ! SUBJECT OR AFRAID ( IT2 ,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV]1 BY HIS TONE & REM>KS & ! FEW TIMES ,I HAVE SE5 HIM1 SEEMS TO ME S5SIBLE & UNUSUALLY FRANK4 ,IT IS BECAUSE 9DE$ ! MO/ PROBLEMATIC >EA IS NOT MU* AN >EA ( 9QUIRY 9 ! UNIV]SITIES4 ,CONSID] ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T3  
  

,WE KN[ ( NO CASES :]E AN $UCATOR1 CLE>LY CONVICT$ ( FLAGRANTLY IMMORAL BEHAVIOR1 DEF5D$ HIS POSITION BY APPEAL+ TO ! PR9CIPLE ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM4 ,AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT SU* DEF5SE W\LD BE IRRELEVANT1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT HIS CASE W\LD RECEIVE NO SUPPORT FROM HIS 9/ITUTION OR FROM HIS COLLEAGUES4 7,A,F #a#e7  
  

,IF HIS CASE W\LD C]TA9LY RECEIVE NO SUPPORT1 ! $UCATOR W\LD C]TA9LY BE A FOOL TO PRESS IT4 ,BUT ,I %\LD LIKE TO QUE/ION ! 0FACT0 ?AT SU* A DEF5SE W\LD BE IRRELEVANT4 ,! ,PR(ESSOR ,EM]ITUS KN[S AS WELL AS ,I ?AT IT IS NOT SEXUAL IMMORALITY ?AT GETS TEA*]S SACK$1 = ?IS IS CONDON$ BY HIS PE]S1 IT IS AMONG ! 0SOCIALLY ACCEPT$ WAYS0 BUT IT IS ! PUBLICITY ?AT SOMETIMES ACCRUES2 & IS ?IS NOT TANTAM\NT TO SAY+ ?AT IT IS NOT ! ?+ BUT ! PROPOSITION ?AT IS BE+ P5ALIZ$8 7,I KN[1 = 9/ANCE1 ( AN EV5 CLOS] CASE1 :]E A TEA*] 9 A SMALL PROGRESSIVE COLLEGE WAS REFUS$ REAPPO9TM5T NOT BECAUSE ( HIS DEL9QU5T BEHAVIOR1 :I* WAS AT ?AT PLACE NOT UNCOMMON & FAIRLY PUBLIC1 BUT BECAUSE ( HIS 0OV]T0 CLAIM TO ! RI<T ( IT47.<#e.> ,C\LD NOT MANY SU* CASES QUITE SIMPLY & RELEVANTLY BE TRANS=M$ 9TO CASES ( 9FR+EM5T ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM8 ,BUT 9 ?IS PROBLEMATIC >EA1 ! !ORY--9 C\RSES 9 AN?ROPOLOGY--IS KEPT F> DI/ANT FROM ! PRACTICE 9 ! ONGO+ PROCESS ( LIFE4 

,9 MY OP9ION !RE IS1 9 \R TIMES1 A /ILL MORE PROBLEMATIC >EA ( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS3 H[ TO COPE ) W> & ! COMPLEX ( ISSUES >\ND IT1 CONSCRIPTION1 NUCLE> RESE>*1 9T]NATIONAL DIPLOMACY4 ,N[ 9 ,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV]'S BOOK1 PACIFICISM IS ACCORD$ ?REE PAGES2 9 ! HI/ORY1 MORE 9T]E/+LY1 ! CASES ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> >E GIV5 A L>GE NUMB] ( PAGES1 BUT 0ACADEMIC FRE$OM WAS RELATIVELY LITTLE AFFECT$ DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>40 7,DEV4 #e#e7 ,:Y WAS IT NOT8 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ?IS >EA & ! SEXUAL >EA HAVE AN ESS5TIAL ELEM5T 9 COMMON3 ?AT 9 !M A /RONG CONVICTION T5DS TO OV]T PHYSICAL1 NOT M]ELY V]BAL1 BEHAVIOR2 ?AT IS1 ! CONSEQU5CES ( CONVICTION T5D TO BE DRAMATIC & DRA/IC1 E4G41 A Y\NG MAN MAY REFUSE ! DRAFT1 A PHYSICI/ MAY DECL9E ! JOB4 ,!RE=E !SE >EAS >E S5SITIVE1 & !RE=E !Y >E NOT MU* ! OBJECTS ( 9QUIRY4 ,BUT ! SUPPRESSION IS NOT PROXIMATELY EXTRAMURAL BUT 9TRAMURAL1 & IT IS NOT =C$ BY ! PRESID5T BUT BY ! FACULTY4 

,I AM REASON+ SOME:AT AS FOLL[S3 ,:AT IS PROBLEMATIC = 9QUIRY IS ALWAYS JU/ BEYOND ! KN[N2 9 SOCIO-PSY*OLOGICAL MATT]S ?IS IS AN >EA ( CONFUSION & ANXIETY1 & ( SUPPRESSION & REPRESSION2 !N ITS EXPLORATION MU/ 9VOLVE 9T]P]SONAL D>+ & P]SONAL RISK1 :E!R OR NOT !RE IS 0ACT+ \T10 & 9 !SE MATT]S !RE IS A G5]IC T5D5CY T[>D ACT+ \T4 ,! VITAL SOCIAL QUE/IONS = 9QUIRY >E ?OSE Y\ >E LIKELY TO GET JAIL$ = MESS+ )4 ,:5 Y\ >E ?REAT5$ ) ACADEMIC SANCTIONS1 IT IS A GOOD SIGN ?AT Y\ >E ON ! RI<T TRACK2 :5 Y\ >E FIR$1 IT IS BETT]2 BUT :5 Y\ >E BEYOND ! PALE ( ! ACADEMY & 0WILL RECEIVE NO SUPPORT FROM Y\R COLLEAGUES10 !N Y\ >E POSSIBLY T\*+ ! PHILOSOPH]'S /ONE4 ,MY PO9T IS NOT ?AT UNIV]SITIES >E WOR?LESS1 NOR ?AT !Y %\LD NOT OR CANNOT BE FREE1 BUT ?AT ONE CANNOT S]I\SLY REG>D !M AS PRIM>ILY PLACES ( 9QUIRY NOR F\ND ! CASE = ACADEMIC FRE$OM ON FRE$OM ( 9QUIRY4 

,( C\RSE IT IS UNREALI/IC1 & IT W\LD BE UN*>ITABLE1 TO OBJECT TO ! DROPP+ ( A MAN :O BY HIS !ORY & PRACTICE MAKES HIS COLLEAGUES ANXI\S2 AFT] ALL1 !Y HAVE TO LIVE & BREA! TOO & FEEL !MSELVES P>T ( A TEAM4  
  

,! SITUATIONS ) :I* WE >E MA9LY CONC]N$ >E ?OSE 9 :I* AN 9FLU5TIAL OR P[]-HOLD+ GR\P 5DEAVORS TO MAKE OR SUCCE$S 9 MAK+ ITS [N PR$ILECTIONS ! (FICIAL /&>DS ( FITNESS TO TEA*1 EV5 ?\< !SE PR$ILECTIONS >E P>TICUL> TO !IR [N COT]IE OR SOCIAL CLASS4444 ,:]E SU* GR\PS EX]CISE CONTROL1 ! FRE$OM ( $UCATION IS S]I\SLY 9FR+$1 & ! MORE 9DEP5D5T & FRE$OM-LOV+ MEMB]S ( ! 9/ITUTION >E LIKELY TO SUFF] MO/4 ,IT IS ! TEA*] :O SETS ! HI<E/ VALUE ON 9TELLECTUAL FRE$OM :O IS ! MO/ OBNOXI\S TO ! AU?ORIT>IANS4 ,! HI<] HIS /&>D ( RESPONSIBILITY1 ! L[] ! RESPECT 9 :I* !Y HOLD HIM4 7,A,F #a#d#g7  
  

,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV] IS H]E PRECISELY NOT TALK+ AB\T ! FACULTIES ( UNIV]SITIES1 BUT AB\T !IR EXTRAMURAL OPPRESSORS2 W\LD HE NOT1 ON REFLECTION1 EXT5D ! C5SURE TO ! ACADEMIC COT]IE AS WELL8 

#b4 

  

,9 ! MA9 !SE BOOKS SEEM TO ME TO BE WRITT5 ) A G5]\S 9TEGRITY & BONA FIDES4 ,!Y W]E OCCASION$1 ( C\RSE1 BY ! REC5T 9VE/IGATIONS ( COMMUNI/S & 0COMMUNI/S02 & 9 SU* DISCUSSIONS1 :]E EV]Y NUANCE ( RHETORIC & ! P5UMBRA ( CONNOTATIONS >E SCRUT9IZ$ BY SEASON$ EXP]TS LIKE ,DR4 ,HOOK1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO SATISFY ANYBODY4 ,BUT TO MY E> ,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV]'S S]MONS--HIS BOOK HAS V]Y MANY PAGES ( LONG S]MONS--ALL R+ SOLID NICKEL4 ,!RE IS1 H[EV]1 ONE MAJOR TOPIC 9 TREAT+ :I* !RE IS EVID5T EMB>RASSM5T1 AVOIDANCE1 DIFFICULTIES H9T$ AT BUT NOT EXPLOR$1 & LETT+ SLEEP+ DOGS LIE ) ONE EYE OP5 ?IS TOPIC IS ! RELATION ( KN[L$GE & ACTION4 ,I DO NOT F9D IT CR$IBLE ?AT ! MEET+S ( SO EXP]I5C$ A COMMITTEE DID NOT EVOKE MORE PHILOSOPHIC ACUM5 ON ?IS SUBJECT ?AN IS H]E REVEAL$4 

,ON ! ONE H&1 ,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV] 7! HI/ORIANS LESS SO7 LAYS GREAT /RESS ON 0! 9TR9SIC WOR?:IL5ESS ( ! KN[L$GE ( ?+S1 ! MORAL & SPIRITUAL VALUES ( ! 9TEGRITY ( M9D ?AT /EADFA/LY SEEKS ! TRU?0 7,A,F #a#d71 ! EXCITEM5T ( ! 9F9ITE UNKN[N1 ! GR&EUR ( /&+ ON ! BR9K4 ,HE SPEAKS ( ?IS ) A RELIGI\S F]VOR ?AT MAKES US BELIEVE HIM BUT ?AT ALSO1 ,I FE>1 TAKES IT \T ( ! CONTEXT ( A DISCUSSION ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS OR EV5 ! COLLEGES ( ! ,IVY ,LEAGUE4 ,= A SEEK] BLESS$ & CURS$ ) ?IS MU* ( ! HOLY SPIRIT WILL ACT ACCORD+LY ) LITTLE HELP OR H9DRANCE FROM ! OP9IONS ( PRESID5TS OR FROM CONSID]ATIONS ( HIS [N /ATUS & T5URE2 DISCIPLES WILL SEEK HIM \T1 & IF WE DO NOT SO MU* ! WORSE = US4 ,I ?9K1 TOO1 ! PR(ESSOR IS TOO SANGU9E AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( 9CULCAT+ SU* AN IDEAL BY ! ORD9>Y PROCESSES ( $UCATION 9 COLLEGES2 ?OSE :O PICK IT UP !RE HAVE IT 9 !M TO PICK UP4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ALL \R AU?ORS >E SOLD ON ! PRAGMATIC !ORY ( TRU? 7,I DO NOT MEAN A UTILIT>IAN !ORY71 NAMELY1 ?AT TRU? IS SUCCESSFUL 9QUIRY1 & 9QUIRY IS AN AGGRESSIVE H&L+ & COP+ ) PROBLEMS ?AT CLAIM ATT5TION2 9QUIRY IS EXP]IM5TAL1 IT 9T]V5ES4 ,?IS IMPLIES A CLOSE CONNECTION ( KN[L$GE & ACTION4 ,I AM NOT H]E SPEAK+ ( ! CONSEQU5CES ( 9QUIRY BUT ( ! PROCESS ITSELF4 ,9 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES ?IS MU/ MEAN V]Y (T51 MU/ IT NOT1 SALLY+ BEYOND ! WALLS 9TO >EAS ?AT >E TR\BLE-SOME1 OR EV5 TO MAK+ TR\BLE :]E ALL SEEM$ QUIET4 ,C]TA9LY IF WE CONSID] ! MA/]S ( ! C5TURY PRIOR TO \R G5]ATIONS--:E!R ,COMTE1 ,M>X1 ,PR\DHON1 ,DURKHEIM1 ,KROPOTK91 ,SOREL1 ,VEBL51 ,L591 ,FREUD1 ,DEWEY1 ETC41 ETC4--WE >E /RUCK BY !IR ACTIVISM1 !IR ACTUAL OR PROJECT$ EXP]IM5TATION ON A CIVIC SCALE4 ,SOME ( !SE M5 >E UN?9KABLE AS ACADEMICS & SOME HAD UNEASY ACADEMIC LIVES4 ,! PRES5T-DAY PREOCCUPATION ) C>EFUL ME?ODOLOGY IS ACADEMICALLY PRAISEWOR?Y1 BUT IT DOES NOT LEAD TO 9T5SELY 9T]E/+ PROPOSITIONS4 ,ONE CANNOT HELP FEEL+ ?AT A GOOD P>T ( ! CURR5T CONC]N ) /ATI/ICS & POLL+ IS A WAY ( BE+ ACTIVE 9 ! 0>EA0 )\T BE+ ACTIVELY 5GAG$ 9 ! SUBJECT MATT]4 ,!RE IS A GOOD DEAL ( %>P5+ ( TOOLS BUT NOT MU* AGRICULTURE4.<#f.> 

,PR(ESSOR ,METZG] ELOQU5TLY EXPRESSES ! V]Y PO9T ,I AM TRY+ TO MAKE4 ,HE IS DI/+UI%+ ! CASES ( ,RI*>D ,ELY & ,$W>D ,BEMIS :O GOT 9TO TR\BLE ON ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( LABOR ORGANIZATION DUR+ ! #i'S3  
  

,A 444 DIFF]5CE LAY 9 ! EXT5T TO :I* ,ELY & ,BEMIS PUT !IR !ORIES 9TO ACTION4 ,= ALL HIS TALK ( ! NE$ = CONCRETE RE=M1 ,ELY'S CRITICISMS ( ! SOCIAL ORD] T5D$ TO BE G5]AL1 NOT SPECIFIC2 HORTATORY1 NOT PROGRAMMATIC4 ,= ALL HIS W>M HUMANIT>IANISM1 HE MADE NO 9TIMATE CONTACT ) ! MULTITUDE4 0,ONLY TWICE 9 MY LIFE10 HE WROTE1 0HAVE ,I EV] SPOK5 TO AUDI5CES ( WORK+ M51 & ,I HAD ALWAYS HELD MYSELF ALO( FROM AGITATIONS AS SOME?+ NOT 9 MY PROV9CE--SOME?+ = :I* ,I AM NOT ADAPT$40 ,REPLY+ TO ! *>GE BY ,REG5T ,WELLS ?AT HE HAD ACT$ ON HIS SYMPA?IES = LABOR1 HE ISSU$ A CATEGORICAL D5IAL4 ,?IS AU?OR ( A FRI5DLY HI/ORY ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T D5I$1 AT HIS TRIAL1 ?AT HE HAD EV] 5T]TA9$ A WALK+ DELEGATE 9 HIS HOME1 ?AT HE HAD EV] C\NSEL$ WORK]S TO /RIKE1 ?AT HE HAD EV] ?REAT5$ AN ANTI-UNION FIRM ) A BOYCOTT1 OR ?AT HE HAD EV] FAVOR$ ! PR9CIPLE ( A CLOS$ %OP4 ,W]E !SE *>GES TRUE1 ,ELY WROTE1 !Y W\LD 0UNQUE/IONABLY UNFIT ME TO OCCUPY A RESPONSIBLE POSITION AS AN 9/RUCTOR ( Y\? 9 A GREAT ,UNIV]SITY40 ,!SE W]E ! WORDS ( A V]Y ACADEMIC RE=M]4 7,DEV4 #d#c#c7  
  

,:5 ,ELY WAS ACADEMICALLY V9DICAT$1 ,BEMIS WROTE TO HIM3  
  

0,?AT WAS A GLORI\S VICTORY = Y\4444 ,I WAS ONLY SORRY ?AT Y\ SEEM$ TO %[ A VIGOR ( D5IAL AS TO 5T]TA9+ A WALK+ DELEGATE OR C\NSEL+ /RIK]S AS IF EI!R W]E WRONG1 9/EAD ( UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES A DUTY40 ,?IS WAS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M3 ,BEMIS WAS NOT ONLY A P>TISAN 444 BUT AN ACTIVE P>TY4444 ,! SUBSEQU5T C>E]S ( ,ELY & ,BEMIS BE> \T ! IMPORTANCE ( ?IS PO9T4 ,ELY SURVIV$ 7& 9 GOOD P>T R5\NC$7 HIS SPOK5 & WRITT5 H]ESIES4 ,HE REMA9$ 9 A /ATE ( ACADEMIC GRACE = ! RE/ ( HIS LIFE1 TAK+ A PO/ AT ,NOR?WE/]N 9 #aibe & ONE AT ,COLUMBIA 9 #a#i#c#g4 ,BEMIS BECAME AN ACADEMIC ,I%MAEL ) A REPUTATION AS A P>TISAN & A MALCONT5T ?AT HE WAS NEV] ABLE TO LIVE D[N4 ,EXCEPT = HIS BRIEF & ILL-/>R$ T5URE AT ,KANSAS ,/ATE1 HE RECEIV$ NO FUR!R ACADEMIC APPO9TM5TS4 ,! TRU/EES ( ! REPUBLIC ( LE>N+ C\LD 9FLICT ON ?IS K9D ( MISCREANT ! T]RIBLE RETRIBUTION ( NEGLECT4 7,DEV4 #d#c#e7  
  

,ALL ?IS IS EXCELL5TLY & FEEL+LY SAID4 ,BUT IT WAS AN ISSUE ( SIXTY YE>S AGO1 & TODAY 9 ?IS >EA A TEA*] HAS 0! RI<T TO EX]CISE ! SAME POLITICAL & CIVIL LIB]TIES ?AT >E 5JOY$ BY O!R CITIZ5S40 7,A,F #b#c#h7 ,MY BO!R IS ?AT \R AU?ORS DO NOT EXTRAPOLATE TO PRES5T-DAY >EAS ?AT MU/ HAVE ! SAME BORD]L9E *>ACT]I/ICS1 & !N LOOK A LITTLE H>D] = ACADEMIC-FRE$OM CASES :I* MI<T LOOK PRECISELY NOT LIKE ACADEMIC-FRE$OM CASES AS REPORT$ TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,ASSOCIATION ( ,UNIV]SITY ,PR(ESSORS4 

,ON ?IS SAME TOPIC ( KN[L$GE & ACTION1 LET ME RAISE ANO!R DIFFICULTY CONC]N+ ! ACTION ( TEA*+ ITSELF & ! TEA*]'S RESPONSIBILITY = CONSEQU5CES4 ,\R AU?ORS1 ESPECIALLY ! HI/ORIANS1 >E FREQU5TLY SCORNFUL ( ! 0ASSUMPTION 444 ?AT A Y\NG MAN YIELDS TO ! IMPR9T ( IDEAS AS EASILY & UNCRITICALLY AS WAX40 7,DEV4 #d#a#a74 ,!Y /RESS1 RA!R1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( FRE$OM TO LE>N1 ! OPPORTUNITY TO HE> ALL & PICK & *OOSE4 ,I DO NOT ?9K !SE >E1 9 9T]E/+ CASES1 ! REAL ALT]NATIVES4 ,! Y\NG M9D IS 9DE$ NOT PASSIVE BUT 9T5SELY ACTIVE1 & ITS ACTIVITY IS TO CRY/ALLIZE >\ND AN IDEAL1 A SY/EM ( IDEAS1 OR A NONFAMILIAL P]SONALITY1 ?AT S]VES AS A P>5T SUB/ITUTE4 ,QUITE AP>T FROM SEX1 ! RELATION ( TEA*] & /UD5T IS AN ]OTIC ONE1 :]E = ! /UD5T ! ATTRACTION IS 9 ! EXCITEM5T1 P>TICUL>LY ! REBELLI\S EXCITEM5T1 ( ! SY/EM ( PROPOSITIONS4 ,! MORE EXCELL5T ! TEA*]1 ! /RONG] ! *>ISMATIC EFFECT ( HIS VOICE4 ,9 ITSELF ?IS IS ALL TO ! GOOD & IS ANYWAY 9EVITABLE2 IT CANNOT BE PREV5T$ BY DOCTR9AL NEUTRALITY = !N ! V]Y SYNTAX ( NEUTRALITY ITSELF BECOMES ADORABLE4 ,BUT ! ATTEMPT TO PREV5T ! EFFECT OR TO DIS[N RESPONSIBILITY = IT1 DISC\RAGES ! /UD5T & ?W>TS & EMBITT]S ! TEA*]4 ,IS NOT ! SITUATION FAMILI>1 ?AT A P[]FUL TEA*] IS REG>D$ BY HIS COLLEAGUES1 P>TLY 9 5VY & P>TLY 9 ANXIETY1 AS A S$UC] ( HIS /UD5TS & 9DE$ 9 A CONSPIRACY ) !M TO CA/ RIDICULE ON !MSELVES8 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF ! /RONG TEA*] MA9TA9S HIS RES]VE1 ! /UD5T1 :OSE NE$S >E MORE FRANK1 HAS 9DE$ BE5 REJECT$ & WILL BE EI!R HUMILIAT$1 DISAPPO9T$1 OR ANGRY1 DEP5D+ ON HIS *>ACT]4 ,MY GUESS IS ?AT EV]Y COLLEGE T]M !RE IS MORE 9FR+EM5T ( ! FRE$OM TO TEA* BY ACADEMIC TIMIDITY ALONG !SE L9ES ?AN 9 ! :OLE HI/ORY ( CASES H]E TREAT$4 ,WORSE1 IS !RE NOT A GREAT WA/E ( NATURAL HUMAN RES\RCES8 

,\R HI/ORIANS WRITE ( ! LIB]ATION FROM 0DOCTR9AL MORALISM0 7,DEV4 #c#e#cFF71 ! IDEA ?AT IF1 E4G41 A MAN IS AN A!I/ HE IS NO D\BT A DRUNK>D & UNFIT TO TEA*3 09 SCI5TIFIC CRITICISM ! DISSOCIATION ( ! MAN FROM HIS WORK HAS BECOME A C>D9AL PR9CIPLE40 ,?IS WAS 9DE$ A GREAT ADVANCE1 = IT HEI<T5$ ! RESPECT = EVID5CE & ITS ACCURATE PRES5TATION & CRITICISM4 ,BUT ,I SUBMIT ?AT ! OLD] !OLOGICAL VIEW HAD ! FOLL[+ M]IT3 ?AT A PROPOSITION WAS FRAU<T ) LIFE CONSEQU5CES & HAD !RE=E ! UTMO/ S]I\SNESS2 Y\ KNEW A MAN BY :AT HE PR(ESS$4 ,I DISLIKE APPEAL+ TO ! ROMANTIC & GRISLY PA/1 BUT WE MU/ BE> 9 M9D ?AT ! ADV5TURE ( 9QUIRY HAS ONE QUALITY :5 Y\ >E RISK+ DISGRACE1 IMPRISONM5T1 & EV5 DEA?2 & ANO!R :5 Y\ >E RISK+ T5URE2 & QUITE ANO!R :5 Y\ >E RISK+ NO?+4 ,\R SECUL> SOCIETY HAS GREAT ADVANTAGES1 & EV5 ESPECIALLY = 9QUIRY1 BUT ITS /RONG PO9T IS NOT ! A*IEVEM5T ( VOCATION OR MANL9ESS4 ,9 HIS RHETORIC ( D$ICATION TO ! ,TRU? ) A BIG ,T1 ,PR(ESSOR ,MACLV] IS H>K+ BACK TO ,SP9OZA2 ,I WOND] IF1 BY & L>GE1 HE C\LD COM=TABLY USE ?IS RHETORIC AT ! ,FACULTY ,CLUB4 ,MAYBE ,I AM WRONG4 

,TO SUM UP SO F>3 ,I HAVE TRI$ 9 A QUICK & RUDE WAY TO 9DICATE ?AT ! PR(ESSORS FALL %ORT 9 TWO WAYS FROM A /&>D ( 9QUIRY AS A PHASE ( AN EXP]IM5TAL 9/RUM5TAL EMPIRICISM3 !Y AVOID PROBLEMATIC >EAS & !Y DO NOT EXP]IM5T !IR HYPO!SES4 7,NO?+ ( :AT ,I HAVE SAID1 LET ME REM>K1 APPLIES TO MORE OLD-FA%ION$ NOTIONS ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM ( 9QUIRY4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ! NOTION ( FRE$OM ( DIALECTIC1 AS EXEMPLIFI$ 91 SAY1 ! ,P>M5IDES1 :]E PRECISELY ! ATTA*M5T & NONATTA*M5T TO ANY PROPOSITION IS US$ AS A !RAPY ( ! S\L4 ,OR ! ,>I/OTELIAN FRE$OM ( CURIOSITY1 AIM$ AT !ORIA AS ! HI<E/ HAPP9ESS4 ,OR ! M$IEVAL LIB]TAS PHILOSOPH&I1 ) ITS EMPHASIS ON DISPUTATION TO LET NEW AIR 9TO AN ACCEPT$ WORLD4 ,OR F9ALLY TO ! ,5LI<T5M5T'S CONCEPT ( FRE$OM ( CRITICISM 9 ! ,KANTIAN S5SE 7QUO W>RANTO871 :]E ! FACULTY ( PHILOSOPHY S]VES1 AS ,KANT SAYS1 AS A K9D ( LOYAL OPPOSITION FROM ! LEFT4 ,ALL ( !SE BASE !IR CLAIM ON ! PROPOSITION ?AT ! UNIV]SITY IS DIFF]5T FROM1 P]HAPS BETT] ?AN1 P]HAPS A S]VANT (1 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD47 

#c4 

  

,I SAID ,I HAD />T$ ON AN 0APP>5TLY UNFAIR0 TACK4 ,UNFAIR BECAUSE ,I *OSE AN 9NOC5T S5T5CE 9 A M9OR CONTEXT1 & ,I HAVE BE5 DEVOT+ MYSELF TO A MATT] ( LOGIC ?AT ,PR(ESSOR ,MACLV]'S BOOK IS MO/LY NOT AB\T4 ,N[ :AT IT IS AB\T IS ! DEF5SE ( SU* 9QUIRY AS DOES EXI/ FROM ! CURR5T ATTACKS UPON IT1 & SPECIFICALLY & EXPLICITLY ! COMMUNI/ HUNT+ ( ! ,COLD ,W> BY MANY P>TIES1 FROM GOV]NM5T AG5CIES TO SELF-CON/ITUT$ VIGILANTES4 ,LET US !N TURN BRIEFLY TO ! OV]T BOOK ITSELF & SEE IF ,I CAN %[ ! RELEVANCE ( ! TACK ,I HAVE BE5 TAK+4 

,PR(ESSOR ,MACLV]'S F9D+S ON ! ,P>TY & ! 9VE/IGATIONS >E ! FAMILI> ONES ( MANY LIB]ALS1 & !Y W>RANT LITTLE FRE% DISCUSSION H]E4 ,SUMM>ILY3 7#a7 ,! ,P>TY-COMMUNI/ TEA*] IS UNQUALIFI$1 AS AU?ORIT>IAN1 SUPPRESSIVE1 CONSPIRATORIAL2 BUT ?IS DISQUALIFICATION IS BAS$ ON HIS ACTIVITIES1 NOT ON HIS !ORIES4 7,FRANKLY1 ?IS DI/9CTION IS IDIOTIC1 S9CE :AT IS A P>TY ?AT DOES NOT CON/RA9 TO ACTION87 7#b7 ,PA/ AFFILIATION DOES NOT DISQUALIFY4 7#c7 ,A COMMUNI/1 0:E!R HE C>RIES A ,P>TY C>D OR NOT10 MAY BE DISMISS$ 0IF HE 9JECTS PROPAG&A 9TO HIS TEA*+ OR RELATION%IPS ) /UD5TS02 BUT CONV]SELY1 IF HE TEA*ES A NONCONTROV]SIAL SUBJECT & IS O!RWISE CIRCUMSPECT1 IT IS BETT] TO LET HIM BE4 7#d7 ,9VE/IGATION %\LD BE DONE BY ! FACULTY1 NOT BY ! ADM9I/RATION OR \TSID]S4 7#e7 0,ANY G5]AL 9VE/IGATION TO UNCOV] POSSIBLE COMMUNI/S IS :OLLY UNDESIRABLE40 7#f7 ,LOYALTY OA?S >E 0D]OGATORY1 9JUDICI\S1 & FUTILE40 7#g7 ,/UD5T ORGANIZATIONS %\LD BE P]MITT$ TO 9VITE ,C4,P4 SPEAK]S4 7#h7 ,COMMUNI/ IDEAS DO NOT DISQUALIFY ! /UD5T4 

,IT IS USEFUL TO DI/+UI% TWO /RATA 9 SU* A LI/3 JUDGM5TS ?AT C\LD BE CALL$ ANTI-,MC,C>?Y & ?OSE ?AT >E ANTI-ANTI-ANTI-,MC,C>?Y4 ,OBJECTIONS TO HI<H&$ & UNFAIR PRESSURES1 TO 9=M+1 TO LACK ( DUE PROCESS1 TO ALMO/ ALL RE/RA9TS ON FRE$OM ( SPEE*3 ?IS IS SIMPLE ANTI-,MC,C>?YISM2 & AT IT >E LEVEL$ *>GES ( POLITICAL NAIVETE1 ( BE+ DUP$1 ( NOT SEE+ ?AT ?IS IS A UNIQUE CONSPIRACY1 ( LOCK+ ! /ABLE AFT] ! HORSE IS GONE1 & SO =?4 ,! RESPONSE TO !SE *>GES1 9 TURN1 IS ANTI-ANTI-ANTI-,MC,C>?YISM3 GRANT+ ?AT !RE >E GR\NDS = ! 9VE/IGATIONS1 YET !IR EFFECT IS SO PRODUCTIVE ( FE> & )DRAWAL & 9HIBITION ( USEFUL FUNCTION+ ?AT !Y WEAK5 ! BODY POLITIC RA!R ?AN PURGE IT2 ?US !Y PLAY 9TO ! H&S ( ! 5EMY1 ETC4 

,I ?9K ?AT IT IS ?IS LATT] ATTITUDE1 ! PREVAL5CE ( ACADEMIC ANXIETY RA!R ?AN ANY RI<TE\S 9DIGNATION1 ?AT HAS PROMPT$ ! BOOKS WE >E REVIEW+4 ,= ! FACT SEEMS TO BE--AT LEA/ SO IT IS AGRE$ BY ALL SIDES 9 ?IS CONTROV]SY EXCEPT ! 9VE/IGATORS !MSELVES--?AT ! COMMUNI/ 9FILTRATION HAS BE5 TRIVIAL1 WAS NEV] L>GE1 & HAS /EADILY WAN$ = YE>S2 ?AT ! FUROR ( 9VE/IGATION HAS BE5 \T ( ALL PROPORTION4 ,! QUE/ION1 !N1 IS :Y ANY?+ SO GR\NDLESS & 9APPROPRIATE HAS BE5 MET BY ANY?+ BUT SIMPLE MANLY REJECTION1 EI!R QUIET1 D]ISIVE1 OR 9DIGNANT1 DEP5D+ ON ONE'S TEMP]AM5T4 ,:Y SU* BIG LOOKS8 ,LET ME OP5 ,MAC,IV] AT R&OM & QUOTE A FEW NE>-BY PASSAGES3  
  

,!RE W]E EVID5CES ?AT 9 DEP>TM5TS OR FACULTIES1 H]E OR !RE1 DISGUIS$ OR SUBTLE PRESSURES HAD BE5 APPLI$ TO PREV5T ! ADVANCEM5T ( SU* NONCOM=M+ MEMB]S OR AGA9/ ! R5EWAL ( !IR APPO9TM5TS IF !Y LACK$ T5URE4 ,IT WAS NOT ?AT ! S*OL>S :O PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! OA? REQUIREM5TS W]E !MSELVES NONCON=MI/S--!RE W]E V]Y MANY GOOD CONS]VATIVES AMONG !M--BUT1 :ATEV] !IR ECONOMIC VIEWPO9TS1 ALIKE !Y APPREH5D$ A GR[+ P]IL TO ACADEMIC FRE$OM4 7,A,F #a#g#h7  
  
  

,NO ATTACK SEEMS TO BE MORE DISRUPTIVE ?AN ?AT :I* EMANATES FROM GOV]N+ BO>DS4444 ,!Y ROCK ! 9/ITUTION4444 ,GOV]N+ BO>DS >E SELDOM PRESCI5T ( ! EFFECT SU* $ICTS PRODUCE4444 ,(T5 ! DI/URBANCE ?AT 5SUES COMES TO ! GOV]N+ BO>DS AS A COMPLETE SURPRISE4444 ,C5SORIAL & 9QUISITORIAL ACTION ON ! P>T ( ?OSE :O !MSELVES >E NOT DEVOT$ TO ! S*OL>'S SE>* = TRU? IS = ! TRUE S*OL> A VITAL ?REAT4 7,IBID7  
  
  

,:AT CONC]NS US H]E IS ?AT ! ,T5NEY W>N+S & ?REATS & PROPOSALS CREAT$ ! MO/ S]I\S APPREH5SIONS AMONG LEAD+ $UCATORS4 7,A,F #a#g#i7  
  
  

,?IS NEW EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY BY A BO>D OV] A FACULTY CONTA9$ IMPLICIT ?REATS AGA9/ ! /ATUS ( ! $UCATOR1 AGA9/ ! TWO MO/ VITAL 9T]E/S ( ! PR(ESSION4 ,! PROTE/+ FACULTY MEMB]S SAW 9 ! NEW REQUIREM5T ON ! ONE H& A ?REAT TO ACADEMIC FRE$OM1 ON ! O!R A ?REAT TO SECURITY ( T5URE4 ,! PRO-OA? REG5TS D5I$ ?AT ANY SU* ?REATS W]E 9VOLV$ 444 BUT ?IS LACK ( UND]/&+ IS ONE ( ! TWO FREQU5T CONSEQU5CES ( ! LACK ( RAPPORT ?AT EXI/S 9 ?IS C\NTRY BETWE5 FACULTIES & GOV]N+ BO>DS4 7,A,F #a#g#g7  
  

,I QUOTE AT R&OM FROM ADJAC5T PAGES2 ! BOOK IS ?ICKLY /UDD$ ) ! LIKE4 ,ONE IS A%AM$ TO COPY \T ! PASSAGES4 ,:AT IS ONE TO MAKE ( ?IS A/ONI%+ ANXIETY ON ! P>T ( GR[NUPS1 ( PR(ESSORS1 ( SUPPOS$LY D$ICAT$ S*OL>S4 0,DISGUIS$10 0IMPLICIT ?REATS10 0ROCK ! 9/ITUTION10 0VITAL ?REAT10 0MO/ S]I\S APPREH5SIONS10 0LACK ( UND]/&+10 0!Y >E NOT PRESCI5T02 & ALL ?IS SYNDROM :]E 9 MANY CASES ADMITT$LY NO DANG] EXI/$1 & :]E ALTOGE!R AT ! WOR/ NO GREAT DANG] EXI/$4 ,IS IT SO H>D TO CLE> UP MISUND]/&+ BY BE>D+ ! LION8 OR TO =CE IMPLICIT ?REATS TO BECOME EXPLICIT & HAVE A BANG-UP FI<T8 ,C\LD !SE P]SONS REALLY BE SO CONC]N$ AB\T LOS+ !IR JOBS8 ,& IF !Y >E REALLY CONC]N$ = FRE$OM AS A PR9CIPLE & A VITAL NE$1 IS ?IS ! TONE ( SU* A CONC]N8 

,I FE> IT IS RA!R ! TONE ( SUBORD9ATE BUREAUCRATS RIDD5 BY SELF-D\BT & ) PL5TY ( PROJECT$ HO/ILITY1 UNABLE TO )/& ! LEA/ PRESSURE )\T ANXIETY4 ,!N ,I CANNOT BELIEVE 9 ! DEVOTION TO 9QUIRY ?AT GIVES !M SO LITTLE /R5G? ( SELF AS ?IS4 ,& ,I CANNOT BELIEVE 9 ! AGGRESSIVE 9T5SITY ( 9QUIRY ?AT GETS !M 9TO SO WEAK A FEEL+ = ! /ATE ( ?+S4 ,! JOB-CL++ ITSELF IS NOT SO MU* BASE AS A PA!TIC SYMPTOM4 ,H[ EASILY !Y >E DEFLAT$ ( !IR /ATUS6 ,:AT %ALL WE SAY ( AN ELITE ( COMPET5CE ?AT HAS SO LITTLE PRIDE & SELF-CONFID5CE8 ,IS ?IS \R PR\D ACADEMIC FRE$OM8 ,IF ,I FELT IT WAS ONLY ?IS ,I W\LD TE> UP MY DOCTORATE4 

,! FE> ( ACTUAL 9VE/IGATION1 ! P>ANOIAC SUSPICION ( FANCI$ 9VE/IGATION1 ! ECONOMIC PANIC1 NE$ = /ATUS1 CL++ TO SECURITY3 !SE HAVE BE5 FAMILI> 9 ! ,AM]ICAN MIDDLE CLASSES DUR+ ! PA/ C\PLE ( G5]ATIONS2 !RE IS NO NE$ TO DISCUSS 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ACADEMIC COMMUNITY ! CAUSES ?AT HAVE BE5 OP]AT+ 9 ! :OLE COMMUNITY4 ,:AT IS SPECIFIC1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT !SE >E DOCTORS1 ) A PR\D TRADITION1 SACR$ SYMBOLS1 A CULTURE F> BROAD] ?AN AV]AGE1 ! 9SPIRATION ( BEAUTIFUL SUBJECT MATT]S & GR& AU?ORS3 9 %ORT1 A SELF-TRANSC5D+ RESPONSIBILITY TO HI/ORY PA/ & FUTURE ?AT !Y 7WE7 CANNOT F9ALLY BETRAY )\T %AME & SELF-BETRAYAL4 ,!Y MU/ RALLY1 EV5 ?\< ! =M ( ! RALLY+ REVEALS ! 9N] CONFLICT ( !SE BOOKS4 

#d4 

  

,IT IS REM>KABLE H[1 9 READ+ ! VIGOR\S & 9=MATIVE HI/ORY ( ,PR(ESSORS ,H(/ADT] & ,METZG]1 ONE CAN SEE =M+ ?R\< ! DECADES ! L9EAM5TS ( MOD]N ACADEMIC MAN1 & AN ACADEMIC NOTION ( 9QUIRY DEF9+ ITSELF4 ,! AU?ORS CALL !IR BOOK A 0,DEVELOPM5T0 & !Y RI<TLY REG>D AS AN A*IEVEM5T ! PRES5T CONCEPT ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM ) ITS BILL ( RI<TS & ITS HI<LY RAMIFI$ NATIONAL SY/EM ( PR(ESSIONAL DEF5SES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 BE+ SCRUPUL\S & FAIRLY PHILOSOPHICAL & NOT AT ALL HOMILETIC1 !Y NOTE D[N ! 9EVITABLE LOSSES & SL\<+S-(F ?AT HAVE OCCURR$ ALONG ! WAY4 ,N[ IF 9/EAD ( M]ELY NOT+ !SE LOSSES1 WE ACCUMULATE !M & =M !M 9TO A PICTURE3 :AT A PICTURE IT IS6 SO TO SPEAK1 AN IDEAL %AD[ ( ,WE/]N ,ACADEMIC ,MAN ?AT1 WE HOPE1 HAUNTS ! MOD]N ,AM]ICAN ACADEMIC MAN1 & %$S ON HIM GLORY1 & GIVES HIM A BAD CONSCI5CE4 ,LET ME COLLECT HALF A DOZ5 ( !SE CONTRA/S ( DEVELOPM5T & LOSS4 

7#a7 0,AT ! TIME ( !IR GREATE/ 9DEP5D5CE10 SAYS ,PR(ESSOR ,H(/ADT]1  
  

! UNIV]SITIES LIV$ 9 ! 9T]/ICES ( M$IEVAL SOCIETY1 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ITS DEC5TRALIZATION & ! BALANCE ( ITS CONFLICT+ P[]S TO FUR!R !IR [N CORPORATE 9T]E/S4 .<,!Y W]E GUILDS ( MA/]S OR /UD5TS4.> ,!Y APPEAL$ TO K+ OR C\NCIL AGA9/ POPE1 TO POPE AGA9/ K+ OR BI%OP1 & TO K+ & POPES ALIKE AGA9/ TRUCUL5T T[N GOV]NM5TS4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y HAD WEAPONS ( !IR [N ?AT PUT !M ABOVE ! LEVEL ( M]E APPELLANTS & GAVE !M 9DEP5D5T B>GA9+ P[]4 ,AMONG !SE WEAPONS W]E ! CESSATION OR SUSP5SION ( LECTURES1 ! ACADEMIC EQUIVAL5TS ( ! MOD]N /RIKE4 ,A /ILL MORE P[]FUL DEVICE >OSE1 ODDLY 5\<1 FROM !IR V]Y POV]TY4 ,UNHAMP]$ 444 BY PHYSICAL APP>ATUS1 GREAT LIBR>IES1 WORLDLY GOODS1 & SUB/ANTIAL COLLEGE F\NDATIONS1 !Y C\LD & ON OCCASION DID MIGRATE1 TAK+ ) !M !IR L>GE NUMB]S ( /UD5TS & PR(ITABLE TRADE4.<#g.> 7,DEC4 #g-#h7  
  

,I SUPPOSE ?IS C\LD BE TAK5 AS ! Z5I? ( ACADEMIC LIB]TY2 JU/ AS ! NADIR W\LD BE A FACULTY ( SCI5CE1 SADDL$ ) ITS CYCLOTRON1 SUPPORT$ #h P] C5T BY ! ,W> ,DEP>TM5T ( A C5TRALIZ$ /ATE ?AT DICTATES ! AV5UES ( RESE>*1 & ) A 0P]SONNEL0 SUBJECT$ TO A CLE>ANCE >RIV$ AT BY SECRET 9VE/IGATION4 

7#b7 ,MORE ?AN HALF ( ?IS HI/ORY ( UNIV]SITIES IS OCCUPI$ ) ! DECL9E ( SECT>IAN CONTROL ( ACADEMIC SELECTION1 ?\<T1 & ACTION2 ! SECUL>IZ+ ( LE>N+4 ,! O!R SIDE1 ! LOSS1 IS ( C\RSE ?AT ?\<T & ACTION T5D TO COME TO US MORE LI<TLY2 FEW ( US1 ?\< SOME1 SP5D SLEEPLESS NI<TS ( D\BT AB\T A DETAIL ( PHRAS+ 9 !ORY LEAD+ TO AN 9CONSI/5CY 9 BEHAVIOR P]HAPS PUBLICLY UNNOTIC$ ANYWAY4 ,PR(ESSOR ,H(/ADT] *>M+LY REC\NTS A T\*+ /ORY ( ! RESIGNATION ( ! FIR/ PRESID5T ( ,H>V>D1 ,H5RY ,DUN/]1 :O HAD F\ND 9 HIS HE>T ?AT NO 9FANT C\LD PROP]LY BE BAPTIZ$ & HAD TO PROCLAIM ! SAME4 7,IT SEEMS TO ME1 BY ! WAY1 ?AT ?IS IS AN 9EVITABLE OP9ION = A COLLEGE MAN :O %\LD SET GREAT /ORE ON LE>N+ & 9QUIRY47 ,BUT ,DUN/] WAS  
  

NOT DISMISS$1 & HE C\LD HAVE KEPT HIS JOB IF HE HAD PROMIS$ TO BE SIL5T AB\T HIS UNACCEPTABLE CONVICTIONS1 = EV]Y?+ 9 ! CASE 9DICATES ?AT ! MAGI/RATES & M9I/]S NEV] LO/ P]SONAL CONFID5CE 9 HIM4 ,DUN/]1 H[EV]1 SUBMITT$ A CURI\S LETT] ( RESIGNATION :I* MADE NO CLE> REF]5CE TO RELIGI\S ISSUES BUT DWELL$ AT SOME L5G? ON ! REC5T 9VE/IGATION ( ! COLLEGE & ! EXPANSION ( ! P[]S ( ! ,OV]SE]S AT ! EXP5SE ( ! ,CORPORATION4 ,! ,G5]AL ,C\RT GAVE ,DUN/] ! OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE A MON? TO RECONSID]4 ,EVID5TLY !Y /ILL HOP$ ?AT HE C\LD BE P]SUAD$ TO SWALL[ HIS H]ESY4444 ,BUT A MON? LAT] ,DUN/] CLOS$ HIS PRESID5CY ) ! UTMO/ F9ALITY :5 HE 9T]RUPT$ A BAPTISMAL S]VICE AT ,CAMBRIDGE ) A />TL+ SPEE* AGA9/ 9FANT BAPTISM & ! 0CORUPCIONS /EAL+ 9TO ! ,*UR*40 7,DEV4 #h#i7  
  

,:AT IS T\*+ IS NOT SO MU* ! PRESID5T'S E>NE/ & DRAMATIC WITNESS+1 EXACTLY 9 ! /YLE ( ,HAW?ORNE1 BUT ! WAY 9 :I* ! O!RS RESPECT !IR BRO!R'S RI<T TO WRE/LE ) HIS GOD & !IR SUBSEQU5T SOLICITUDE = HIM4 ,IT IS UNNECESS>Y TO M5TION CONTEMPOR>Y CONTRA/S4 

7#c7 ,AGA91 9 DISCUSS+ ! 9FLU5CE ON ,AM]ICA ( ! GREAT ,G]MAN UNIV]SITIES ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ! HI/ORIAN1 ,PR(ESSOR ,METZG]1 BEAUTIFULLY ANALYZES ON ! ONE H& :AT WAS C>RI$ OV]1 ! ME?ODIC ?OR\<NESS1 SPECIFIC COMPET5CE 7BUT NOT ! UNIV]SALITY ( 9T]E/71 ! FRE$OM FROM UTILIT>IAN N>R[NESS1 D$ICATION TO ABSOLUTE FRE$OM ( TRU?2 & ON ! O!R H& :AT WAS SL\<$ (F OR SUFF]$ A SEA *ANGE4  
  

,WE COME TO ! HE>T ( ! DIFF]5CE :5 WE COMP>E ! ,AM]ICAN & ,G]MAN CONCEPTIONS ( 9N] & \T] FRE$OM4444 ,! ,G]MAN IDEA ( 0CONV9C+0 ONE'S /UD5TS1 ( W9N+ !M OV] TO ! P]SONAL SY/EM & PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS ( ! PR(ESSOR1 WAS NOT CONDON$ BY ,AM]ICAN ACADEMIC OP9ION4 ,RA!R1 AS F> AS CLASSROOM ACTIONS W]E CONC]N$1 ! PROP] /ANCE = ,AM]ICAN PR(ESSORS WAS ?\<T TO BE ONE ( NEUTRALITY ON CONTROV]SIAL ISSUES1 & SIL5CE ON SUB/ANTIVE ISSUES ?AT LAY \TSIDE ( !IR COMPET5CE4 ,9NUM]ABLE UTT]ANCES AFFIRM$ !SE LIMITATIONS4 ,ELIOT1 9 ! V]Y ADDRESS ?AT SO ELOQU5TLY DECL>$ ?AT ! UNIV]SITY MU/ BE FREE1 MADE NEUTRALITY AN ASPECT ( ?AT FRE$OM3 0444 ,IT IS NOT ! FUNCTION ( ! TEA*] TO SETTLE PHILOSOPHICAL & POLITICAL CONTROV]SIES = ! PUPIL1 OR EV5 TO RECOMM5D TO HIM ANY ONE SET ( OP9IONS AS BETT] ?AN ANO!R4444 ,! /UD5T %\LD BE MADE ACQUA9T$ 444 ) ! SALI5T PO9TS ( EA* SY/EM40 7,DEV4 #d7  
  

,PR(ESSOR ,METZG] GOES ON TO >GUE ?AT ?IS NORM ( NEUTRALITY ITSELF SPR+S FROM AN ,AM]ICAN BIAS ( ?\<T1 ITS EMPIRICISM1 RESI/ANT TO 9TUITION1 SPECULATION1 FANTASY--9 ! 5D1 A SUSPICION ( DELIV]IES NOT FAIRLY QUICKLY V]IFIABLE4.<#h.> ,I DO NOT ?9K HE SUFFICI5TLY E/IMATES ! DISADVANTAGES ( ! LIMITATION TO 0NEUTRALITY0 AS AGA9/ ! ,G]MAN FRE$OM TO 0CONV9CE40 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ) ! ,AM]ICAN LIMITATION1 COMPET5CE ALMO/ AUTOMATICALLY BECOMES SPECIALIZATION1 = :AT QUICKLY V]IFIABLE FACT IS TO CONNECT ! V>I\S P>TS ( /UDY8 ,!RE IS NO SY/EM ( FACTS1 ONLY SY/EMS ( ?\<T4 ,AGA91 IS ,ELIOT'S IDEAL ( NEUTRAL PRES5TATION SOME?+ ?AT CAN POSSIBLY EXI/ 9 A CLASSROOM8 ,HAVE Y\ EV] LI/5$ TO A CONV9C$ ,:ITEHEADIAN TRY+ TO PRES5T ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,KANT8 ,!N IS ! TEA*] TO HAVE NO CONVICTION ( HIS [N8 ,IT IS PLAUSIBLE = ! S*OOL TO BE NEUTRAL & PRES5T ALL SIDES1 BUT H[ CAN ! TEA*] BE NEUTRAL8 ,BUT MO/ IMPORTANT1 ,ELIOT & ,PR(ESSOR ,METZG] DO NOT SEE REALI/ICALLY ! SITUATION ( ! /UD5T 9 ! FACE ( NEUTRALITY & COMPET5CE3 HIS MORAL NATURE MU/ HAVE SOME CULTURE OR O!R1 & IF NO IDEAL OR MORAL CONNECTIONS >E MADE 9 ! UNIV]SITY1 ?IS CULTURE--UNLESS HE HAS HAD AN UNUSUALLY LUCKY UPBR++--WILL FALL TO ! FIR/ EXTRAMURAL PROPAG&I/1 OR 9TRAMURAL BUT EXTRACURRICUL> PROPAG&I/1 OR EV5 WORSE1 IT WILL CONT9UE 9 AN 9FANTILE SET ( PREJUDICES & UNCONSCI\S CONV5TIONALITIES :ILE HIS 9TELLECTUAL LIFE WILL BE CORRESPOND+LY >ID & )\T VITAL /R5G? & PRONE TO PANIC BE=E ,S5ATORIAL COMMITTEES OR RABBLE R\S]S4 ,AS ,I HAVE SAID ABOVE1 ! TEA*] IS RESPONSIBLE EI!R WAY1 :E!R HE FREELY EX]TS HIS 9FLU5CE OR )HOLDS IT2 & ,I ?9K HE DOES BETT] NOT TO WORRY AB\T A /&>D ( SCI5TIFIC C]TA9TY & IMP>TIALITY1 BUT1 RELY+ ON ! S5SE ( HIS [N 9TEGRITY1 TO ACT =?RI<TLY ACCORD+ TO PROBABILITIES1 KEEP+ AN OP5 M9D & HE>T4 ,BE/ ( ALL1 NO D\BT1 ?AT HE HAVE A WISDOM & LE>N+ ?AT CUTS UND] CONTROV]SY & RELIEVES ITS %>PNESS1 BUT ?IS IS NOT A 0/ANCE0 BUT A FACT4 ,IT IS A FACT IF ! PR(ESSOR'S URBANE DETA*M5T1 5CYCLOP$IC SCOPE1 URG5T FOLL[+-UP1 9SI/5CE ON ACCURACY1 OR ABILITY TO MAKE ! CONTROV]SY FASC9AT+ 9 ITSELF 7!RE >E SEV]AL ADMIRABLE /YLES ( TEA*+--NONE ( !M 0NEUTRAL0 71 IF !SE CONT9UALLY PROVIDE A NEW UNSETTL+ *ALL5GE TO ! /UD5T'S WI% TO HAVE AN ANSW]2 BUT IT IS ONLY A /ANCE IF ! /UD5T FEELS HE HAS COME UP AGA9/ A LIMIT ( 0NO OP9ION40 ,I DON'T ?9K ! MAJORITY ( TEA*]S >E 9 FACT ?IS GOOD4 ,F9ALLY1 IT SEEMS LIKELY ?AT AN IMPORTANT REASON = ! ,AM]ICAN /&>D ( PR(ESSORIAL NEUTRALITY HAS BE5 ! Y\? & SEXUAL IMMATURITY ( \R COLLEGE /UD5TS AS CONTRA/$ ) ! ,G]MAN UNIV]SITY /UD5TS ( ?AT TIME2 \R /UD5TS >E MORE IMPRESSIONABLE2 BUT IT IS H>D TO SEE ! LOGIC (1 ON ! ONE H&1 DROPP+ ! OLD] PAT]NALISM 7OR GIV+ IT OV] TO ADM9I/RATIVE DEANS7 &1 ON ! O!R H&1 DISC\RAG+ DISCIPLE%IP2 ! /UD5TS >E TOLD !Y >E NO LONG] *ILDR5 BUT Y\NG M51 BUT !Y >E =BIDD5 ! LOVE AFFAIRS1 BO? PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL1 ( Y\NG M54 ,YET :]E C\LD SU* AFFAIRS BE SAF] ?AN AT A UNIV]SITY8 ,9DE$1 ! CONTRADICTION IS SOMETIMES WORSE4 ,!RE WAS A CASE AT A FAM\S ,EA/]N COLLEGE :]E 9 ! AFT]MA? ( A SEXUAL ESCAPADE ! DEAN GAVE A /UD5T'S NAME TO ! POLICE2 A GREAT =EIGN TEA*]1 :O HAD ONCE S]V$ AS ,RECTOR ( A ,EUROPEAN S*OOL1 EXCLAIM$ 9DIGNANTLY1 0,WE W]E NOT 9 LOCO P>5TIS & WE PROTECT$ !M2 Y\ ACT 9 LOCO P>5TIS & Y\ DO NOT PROTECT !M60 ,!RE SPOKE EI<T HUNDR$ YE>S4 

7#d7 ,ANO!R GRIEV\S LOSS = ACADEMIC MAN OCCURR$ ) ! AB&ONM5T ( ! LIB]AL >TS C\RSE ( CLASSICS = AN ELECTIVE SY/EM GE>$ MORE TO ADJU/M5T TO ! *ANG+ SOCIAL SC5E4 ,PR(ESSOR ,METZG] H&LES ?IS AS FOLL[S3  
  

,AS ! RESULT ( DEEP] SOCIAL =CES AT WORK1 ! 0CONS]V+0 FUNCTION ( ! COLLEGE NO LONG] LOOM$ SO L>GE4 ,! UNH++ ( MORAL C]TA9TIES BY URBAN LIV+1 ! FAD+ \T ( ! EVANGELICAL IMPULSE1 ! DEP]SONALIZATION ( HUMAN RELATIONS 9 ! PROCESS ( 9DU/RIAL EXPANSION1 W]E DE/ROY+ ?AT 9TEGRAL VISION1 ?AT FIRM & ASS]TIVE CR$ULITY1 REQUIR$ ( 9/ITUTIONS DEVOT$ TO CONS]VATION4444 ,A GOOD P>T ( ! PRE-,CIVIL ,W> ACADEMIC'S OPPOSITION TO A MORE SECUL> UNIV]SITY & A MORE VOCATIONALIZ$ CURRICULUM /EMM$ FROM ! DESIRE TO PROTECT V]Y FRAGILE VALUES FROM ! CRU% ( A R\< SOCIETY4 ,HE S\<T ! FRE$OM NOT TO ACQUIESCE 9 ! PHILI/9ISM ( HIS AGE4 7,DEV4 #c#a#g7  
  

,I ?9K ?IS IS WRONGLY PUT2 IT S\NDS LIKE ,ALL5 ,TATE1 :O C\LD SAY1 JU/IFIABLY 5\<1 0,UNDO IT60 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,ACADEMIC ,FRE$OM 9 \R ,TIMES ,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV] ANALYZES ! CLIMATE ( OP9ION UNFAVORABLE TO ACADEMIC FRE$OM & F9DS A MAJOR FACTOR 9 ! WANT ( A COMMON CULTURE & A DEEP-GO+ COMMUNICATION4 ,GIV5 ,PR(ESSOR ,METZG]'S ANALYSIS H]E1 ?IS IS MORE & MORE 9EVITABLE1 ! ,UNIV]SITY CANNOT CURE IT BUT RA!R T5DS TO WORS5 IT4 ,:AT IS COMMON1 9TEGRAL1 & HUMANE IS IPSO FACTO \T ( DATE & FRAGILE & NE$+ CONS]VATION2 MEAN:ILE ! ,UNIV]SITY HA/5S ON TO NEW 9QUIRY4 ,AGA9/ ?IS1 ! ,GREAT ,BOOKS MOVEM5T1 ASSOCIAT$ ) ! NAMES ( ,HUT*9S1 ,ADL]1 ,MC,KEON1 & ,BU*ANAN1 HAS D5I$ ?AT ! COMMON CULTURE IS \T ( DATE2 BUT !Y HAVE MADE ! CONTR>Y MI/AKE1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 ( CLAIM+ IT IS 0ET]NAL0 & RESIDES 9 ! ,GREAT ,BOOKS AS 0CLASSICS40 ,ALL ?IS IS TOPSY-TURVY & LOOK+ 9 ! WRONG PLACE4 ,! TRUE CLASSICS >E ! /RUCTURES1 :E!R PROPOSITIONS OR ME?ODS OR HABITS1 ?AT >E 9 FACT OP]ATIVE 9 ! PRES5T JUNCTURE1 URBAN1 9DU/RIAL1 DEP]SONALIZ$1 OR :ATEV]4 ,!RE IS ALWAYS A CLASSICAL CURRICULUM TO BE F\ND1 BECAUSE :AT IS CLASSICAL IS SIMPLY :AT IS C5TRAL1 CONCRETE1 CAUSALLY OP]ATIVE1 UND]LY+2 & 9DE$ 9 ANY NEW SITUATION1 ! CLASSICS NEV] LOOK LIKE 0CLASSICS10 NOR1 9 ! PRES5T /ATE ( LIT]ATURE1 >E !Y LIKELY TO BE BOOKS4 ,! ,SOCRATIC DIALOGUE IS CLASSIC1 & 9 \R TIMES IT IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! PSY*OANALYTIC GR\P-SESSION1 :]E V]Y SOON ONE REA*ES :AT IS 9TEGRAL1 HUMANE1 & COMMUNICATIVE4 ,! EXP]IM5TAL ME?OD IS CLASSIC & *A/5S & UNITES US1 BUT IT MU/ NOT BE TAU<T AS A LABORATORY EX]CISE NOR 9 A C\RSE 9 LOGIC1 BUT RIGOR\SLY APPLI$ TO SOME REAL PRACTICAL BEHAVIOR4 ,EURY?MICS & SPORTS >E CLASSIC4 ,MA!MATIZ+ EXP]I5CE IS CLASSIC4 ,IT IS NOT CLASSIC TO TEA* GRAMM>1 BUT IT IS CLASSIC TO DEF9E ! GRAMM> ( Y\R SPEE*4 ,! MI/AKE HAS BE5 TO /UDY MONUM5TS ( CLASSICAL AGES--! ,GREEKS1 ! ,M$IEVALS1 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY--RA!R ?AN TO ASSUME ?AT WE >E PRES5TLY CREAT+ CLASSICS4 ,I PROPOSE ?AT ?IS IS :AT ,DEWEY MEANT BY RECON/RUCTION1 TO F9D-&-MAKE \RSELVES CLASSICAL TE*NIQUES & A COMMON CULTURE BY A PHILOSOPHICAL H&L+ ( JU/ :]E WE >E ON \R WAY4 ,?IS IS NOT :AT ! UNIV]SITY HAS BE5 DO+1 & N[ NOBODY CAN TEA* CLASSICS & WE DO NOT KN[ :AT CLASSICS WE HAVE4 

7#e7 ,ANO!R LOSS OCCURR$ TO ,ACADEMIC ,MAN :5 HE BECAME1 & AGRE$ TO CONSID] HIMSELF AS1 M]ELY AN ACADEMIC MAN1 )\T SOME O!R FUNCTION & /ATUS ( HIS COMPET5CE 9 ! L>G] SOCIETY4 ,! HI/ORIANS RELATE ) TOO MU* SATISFACTION1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( A SPECIALI/ 0PR(ESSION0 FROM A GR\P ( CL]GYM5 :O P]HAPS TEMPOR>ILY ACCEPT$ CALLS AS TEA*]S4 ,BUT TEA*+ ON ! UNIV]SITY LEVEL1.<#i.> ?\< IT IS SURELY A VOCATION & REQUIRES A SPECIAL TEMP]AM5T & KNACK1 IS NOT A PR(ESSION BECAUSE IT DOES NOT HAVE A PROP] SUBJECT MATT]2 IT IS A UNIV]SAL >T APPLI$ TO A PROP] SUBJECT MATT]2 ONE MI<T AS WELL SPEAK ( A 0PR(ESSIONAL ORATOR40 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! TEA*] 9QUIRES 9TO ! SUBJECT MATT] PROP]1 H[EV]1 HE IS NOT A TEA*]1 & !N :Y DOES HE HANG >\ND ! CAMPUS SO MU*8 ,ONE'S SUSPICION IS1 ALAS1 ?AT ! ANCI5T MAXIM IS TRUE3 0,IF Y\ CAN'T DO IT1 TEA* IT40 ,TEA*+ IS C]TA9LY A VOCATION & A RESPONSIBILITY ( EV]Y EXP]T2 V]Y FEW ?+S >E MORE BEAUTIFUL TO SEE ?AN GOOD TEA*+2 P]HAPS NO?+ IS MORE RE-CREATIVE & 5L>G+ = ! EXP]T HIMSELF1 = HE CAN TEA* ) AN 9TEGRITY G5]ALLY IMPOSSIBLE 9 PRACTICE1 & HE GETS TO LOOK AT HIS HABIT ( >T ) NEW EYES2 EV5 SO1 ! SC5E ( ! SAME AG+ GR[N-UPS HANG+ >\ND :ILE G5]ATIONS ( Y\? PASS BY1 HAS SOME?+ 9 IT ?AT /9KS 9 ! NO/RILS4 ,AS = COLLEAGUES1 ! COMPANY ( ! LIKE-M9D$ IS BO? /IMULAT+ & COM=T+1 BUT TO BE IMMUR$ ) ! LIKE-M9D$ IS LIKE--LIV+ AT ,PR9CETON4 ,A DISADVANTAGE ( ! PR(ESSIONAL SITUATION1 ( C\RSE1 IS ?AT ! ACADEMIC IS ECONOMICALLY TI$2 NECESS>ILY HE IS FE>FUL ( LOS+ HIS T5URE2 HE CANNOT1 UND] /RESS1 GO (F TO HIS PROP] JOB :]E HE IS 9DISP5SABLE BECAUSE HE PRODUCES ! GOODS4 7,9 \R SOCIETY1 ( C\RSE1 MO/ ( ?OSE GOODS DO NOT FET* A PRICE47 ,BUT P]HAPS A GREAT] LOSS IS ?AT :OLE >EAS & PROV9CES ( SCI5CE & S*OL>%IP HAVE BECOME M]ELY 9TRAMURAL1 !Y NO LONG] IMPORTANTLY EXI/ AS ! PROP]TY ( ADULT ACADEMIES & LE>N$ SOCIETIES1 :I* 9 TURN HAVE T5D$ TO BECOME M]ELY HONOR>Y MEMB]%IPS ?AT GIVE PRIZES & SPONSOR SOCIAL GA!R+S4 ,EXTRAMURAL SCI5CE IS B\ND TO 9DU/RY1 EXTRAMURAL S*OL>%IP DOES NOT EXI/ AT ALL2 YET IT IS SIMPLY BY ! ACCID5T ?AT !RE >E UNIV]SITY LIBR>IES & LABORATORIES & /IP5DS ?AT SU* ACTIVITIES >E IMMUR$1 ) CORRESPOND+LY IRRELEVANT RE/RICTIONS & DUTIES ?AT MU/ BE ALLEVIAT$ BY CLAIMS TO 0ACADEMIC FRE$OM40 ,IT IS H>D TO KN[ :AT TO ADVISE ! S*OL>1 HAMP]$ OR (T5 HAMP]$ BY ! ATMOSPH]E ( COLLEGES1 9 A SOCIETY ?AT DOES NOT MU* PATRONIZE ! /UDY ( HI/ORY1 L+UI/ICS1 & LIT]ATURE2 NEV]!LESS1 TO \R IDEAL PICTURE ( ! MORE H]OIC & FREE ,ACADEMIC ,MAN WE W\LD DO WELL TO ADD ! L9EAM5TS ( ! ,HUMANI/ & ! SCI5TI/ ( ! SEV5TE5? & EI<TE5? C5TURIES1 :O W]E NOT PR(ESSIONAL ACADEMICS4 7,DEV4 #d#i1 #a#i#e7 

7#f7 ,LA/LY1 WE MU/ REF] TO A LOSS ?AT HAS COME ) ! COM+ ( ! ,BIG ,UNIV]SITY4 ,PR(ESSOR ,METZG] READS (F ! 9DICTM5T FROM ,VEBL5'S ,! ,HI<] ,LE>N+ 9 ,AM]ICA3  
  

,ACUTELY1 HE DISC]N$ ! TR5D T[>D BUREAUCRATIZATION WAS TRANS=M+ ! UNIV]SITY'S P]SONNEL1 /RUCTURE1 & BEHAVIOR4 ,?IS *ANGE WAS ALREADY EVID5C$ 9 ! >MY ( ACADEMIC FUNCTION>IES--! DEANS1 DIRECTORS1 REGI/R>S1 & SECRET>IES--:O HAD COME UPON ! SC5E TO MANAGE ! AFFAIRS ( ! UNIV]SITY4 ,IT WAS EVID5C$ 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! FACULTY AS A GRAD$ HI]>*Y ( RANKS )9 :I* PASSAGE WAS CONTROLL$ BY A S]IES ( (FICIAL PROMOTIONS4 ,IT WAS EVID5C$ 9 ! WRIT+ ( RULES ?AT DEF9$ ! RI<TS & OBLIGATIONS ( PR(ESSORS & TRU/EES4 ,IT M>K$1 ?\< IT DID NOT CAUSE1 ! 5D ( AN ACADEMIC ]A 9 :I* ! COLLEGE HAD BE5 A COMMUNITY & ! FACULTY A BODY ( PE]S4 7,DEV4 #d#e#c7  
  

,DEAL+ ) ?IS & ! RE/ ( ,VEBL5'S J]EMIAD1 ,METZG] SEEKS TO PROVE1 SUCCESSFULLY 5\<1 ?AT ,BIG ,BUS9ESS AS SU* WAS NOT ! GUILTY AG5T1 ?AT ! *ANGES W]E SOCIALLY P]VASIVE & 9EVITABLE4 ,BUT O!RWISE1 ,I AM BAFFL$ BY ! EQUANIMITY ( HIS ACQUIESC5CE4 ,I %\LD HAVE ?\<T ?AT ! FACULTY IS ! UNIV]SITY1 & IF ?IS UNIV]SITY CEASES TO EXI/1 :AT IS !RE TO WRITE AB\T AS A CONT9U+ HI/ORICAL 5TITY8 ,WE HAVE COME FULL CIRCLE FROM \R FIR/ HI/ORICAL QUOTATION1 AB\T ! GUILD ( S*OL>S *OOS+ ! 9T]/ICES ( A PLURAL SOCIETY & WILL+ TO PRES]VE ITSELF BY MIGRAT+ BAG & BAGGAGE2 N[ WE HAVE1 APP>5TLY1 M]ELY ONE :EEL 9 A MA*9E1 ?AT NE$S1 TO BE SURE1 ITS [N SPECIAL OIL & RULES = SUCCESSFUL OP]ATION1 BUT WE CAN H>DLY EXPECT TO HE> FROM IT ANY UNIQUE DELIV]Y ( ! CREATOR SPIRIT4 ,?IS IS NOT V]Y 9T]E/+4 ,IF ! BRO!RS DO NOT CONFRONT ONE ANO!R FACE TO FACE & COMMUNALLY DECIDE1 NO?+ FOLL[S FROM !IR BE+ BRO!RS4 ,ACADEMIC ,MAN BECOMES ! SAME AS ANY O!R ,AM]ICAN MAN2 ?IS IS JU/ :AT ONE SURMIS$ FROM ! PASSAGES ( ANXIETY 9 ,MAC,IV]'S BOOK--PR(ESSORS BEHAV+ LIKE ALL ! O!R %EEP2 IT IS UN*>ITABLE TO LEVEL AT !M ANY SPECIAL *>GES OR TO SUBJECT !M TO ANY SPECIAL SCRUT9Y2 BUT !N :AT IS ALL ! TALK AB\T A PECULI> D$ICATION8 ,BUT ,I AM SANGU9E 5\< TO BELIEVE ?AT ! CASE IS NOT SO DESP]ATE AS ?IS4 

,! CASE IS1 IT SEEMS TO ME--& IT IS EXPRESS$ 9 ! TONE & MATT] ( BO? !SE /IMULAT+ BOOKS--?AT !RE IS A D\BLE ,ACADEMIC ,MAN4 

,LOOM+ EV] 9 ! BACKGR\ND IS ?IS <O/LY PRES5CE OR ABS5CE ?AT WE HAVE BE5 FIGUR+ =? BY ! ACCUMULATION ( LO/ CAUSES ?AT CAN NEV] BE LO/4 ,I HAVE TRI$ TO CULL TRAITS ?AT %[ HIM 9 HIS EXTRAMURAL & 9TRAMURAL RELATIONS1 9 HIS P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY & COMMUNITY1 9 HIS CURRICULUM & LIVELIHOOD4 ,HE IS P>T ( A B& 09T5SELY SELF-CONSCI\S & SELF-IMPORTANT10 AS ,P[ICKE SAID1 & ?AT C>RIES COLORS & A COAT ( >MS1 NOT BA%FULLY4 ,HE FEELS HIMSELF ! C>RI] ( ,WE/]N CULTURE & ! *AMPION ( NEW 9V5TION4 ,HE HAS A DES]V$ REPUTATION AS A /ICKL] = ANTIQUE TRADITION ) EXCESSIVE SCRUPULOSITY1 & = /IRR+ UP 5TIRELY GRATUIT\S 9NOVATIONS1 JU/ TO MAKE TR\BLE4 ,HE IS PRONE TO T]RIBLE KNOCKD[N CONFLICTS ) HIS COLLEAGUES ON ! BASIS ( MUTUAL RESPECT1 & TO ]OTIC DEVOTIONS1 BO? L5ITIVE & DANG]\S1 T[>D HIS /UD5TS4 ,HE GOES ABROAD ON HIS C>E] 9 ! WORLD & SITS ON ! FACULTY AS AN 9DEP5D5T MAN ( ! WORLD4 ,?IS <O/1 ,I SAY1 IS CONT9UALLY TRY+ TO BREAK 9TO REALITY & TAKE OV]1 BUT HE IS RE/RA9$--9 MANY WAYS1 LET ME HA/5 TO ADD1 =TUNATELY RE/RA9$--BY ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( SOCIAL HI/ORY 7V]Y FULLY EXPLA9$ BY \R AU?ORS74 ,RE/RA9$ & NONEXI/5T1 BUT HE EX]TS AN E]IE FASC9ATION ON ! LIV+ BODY1 R\SES 9 HIM DREAMS1 MAKES HIM T\*Y & IRRITABLE & SUDD5LY A%AM$ & REBELLI\S2 & SOMETIMES HE GETS HOLD ( ! SPEE* & UTT]S ?+S LIKE ,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV]'S SOME:AT MESM]IZ$ S]MONS4 

,9 ! =EGR\ND & ) US1 IS ! O!R ACADEMIC MAN1 FRI<T5$ BY A NOISY POLITICIAN4 ,CAU<T 9 A BUREAUCRACY1 RIDD5 BY AU?ORITY FROM ABOVE & BULLY+ O!RS FROM BEL[1 HE IS AFRAID ( A BLACK M>K AGA9/ HIM1 BECAUSE IF HE LOSES HIS JOB H]E HE WON'T HAVE GOOD REF]5CES ELSE:]E2 !RE IS ONLY ONE ACADEMIC WORLD & IT IS = HIM ! ONLY WORLD4 ,WEI<$ D[N BY VA/ MORTMA9 PROP]TIES1 CORPORATELY HELD & ?AT MAKE ! LIV+ FACULTY A TRIVIAL =CE2 & DEP5D5T = CURR5T EXP5SES ON ALI5 9T]E/S ?AT PAY ! PIP] & CALL ! TUNE4 ,UN]OTIC & AT LEA/ PUBLICLY ANTISEXUAL1 NATURALLY HE IS SUBJECT TO ANXIETY4 ,HE USES L(TY E?ICAL T]MS TO %AME O!RS1 BUT GETS REM>KABLY LITTLE /R5G? & ANIMATION FROM ! REALITY PRET5D$4 ,HE 5GAGES 9 PL5TY ( 9TRAMURAL BICK]+ & JOCKEY+ = POSITION1 BUT NEV] 9 A BANG-UP FI<T4 ,HE DOES A GOOD DEAL ( OBSESSIONAL C\NT+ & ME?ODICAL BUSY WORK ?AT IS NOT V]Y DIFF]5T FROM TELL+ BEADS4 ,HE IS NOT DI/+UI%ABLE1 & CIRCUMSPECTLY AVOIDS BECOM+ SO BY OV]T ACTION4 ,HE & HIS FELL[S HUDDLE TOGE!R NOT AS A TOTEMIC B& BUT BECAUSE IT IS COLD4 ,?IS IS ! ACADEMIC MAN ?AT SPEAKS 9 ,PR(ESSOR ,MAC,IV]'S REPORTAGE4 

,A,P,P,5,D,I,X ,E3 ,REVIEW ( ,ON ,! ,ROAD.<#a.> 

  

,9 ?REE HUNDR$ PAGES !SE FELL[S CROSS ,AM]ICA EI<T TIMES1 USUALLY CAMP+ ON FRI5DS OR RELATIVES2 & !Y HAVE KICKS4 ,! N>RATOR T5DS TO BECOME SADD5$ BY IT ALL1 BUT GIVES LITTLE EVID5CE ( UND]/&+ :Y4 ,! FELL[S SEEM TO BE 9 !IR MIDDLE OR LATE TW5TIES 70NOT LONG AFT] MY WIFE & ,I SPLIT UP0 7--SURPRIS+LY1 = ! KICKS >E ! SAME AS WE US$ TO HAVE LESS SOLEMNLY 9 \R TE5S1 BETWE5 T]MS4 ,MO/LY !Y >E FROM ! MIDDLE CLASS4 ,MANY O!R Y\NG M5 9 !IR TW5TIES & ?IRTIES CALL ?IS BOOK CRAZY & ! GREATE/1 AS IF IT W]E !IR HI/ORY3 !Y W]E !RE4 ,SO LET'S LOOK 9TO IT4 

,TO AN UNCRITICAL READ+1 ,ON ,! ,ROAD SEEMS WORSE WRITT5 ?AN IT IS4 ,!RE >E HUNDR$S ( 9CID5TS BUT1 ?R\<\T MO/ ( ! BOOK1 NO?+ IS TOLD1 NO?+ IS PRES5T$1 EV]Y?+ IS JU/ 0WRITT5 AB\T40 ,WORSE1 ! N>RATOR SEEMS TO TRY TO PEP IT UP BY S5T5CES LIKE1 0,?AT NI<T ALL HELL BROKE LOOSE10 :5 ! 9CID5T IS SOME DR9K+ SAILORS REFUS+ TO OBEY AN ORD]2 0?IS WAS ! GREATE/ RIDE ,I EV] HAD10 BUT NO?+ OCCURS BEYOND A FELL[ GETT+ HIS PANTS WET TRY+ TO UR9ATE FROM A MOV+ TRUCK2 0?IS WAS EXCIT+1 ?IS WAS ! GREATE/0--BUT IT'S NOT EXCIT+4 ,SOON1 :5 ! N>RATOR OR SOME O!R *>ACT] SAYS 0,! GREATE/10 WE EXPECT ?AT HE MEANS 0PRETTY FAIR02 BUT ALAS1 HE DOES NOT MEAN EV5 ?IS1 BUT SIMPLY ?AT !RE WAS SOME LITTLE OBJECT ( EXP]I5CE1 ( :ATEV] VALUE1 9/EAD ( ! BLANK ( EXP]I5CE 9 :I* !SE POOR KIDS G5]ALLY LIVE4 

,= :5 Y\ ASK Y\RSELF :AT IS EXPRESS$ BY ?IS PROSE1 BY ?IS BUOYANT WRIT+ AB\T RAC+-ACROSS-!-CONT95T1 Y\ F9D ?AT IT IS ! WOEFUL EMPT9ESS ( RUNN+ AWAY FROM EV5 LONEL9ESS & VAGUE DISCONT5T4 ,! WORDS 0EXCIT+10 0CRAZY10 0! GREATE/10 DO NOT REF] TO ANY OBJECT OR FEEL+1 BUT >E A MEANS BY :I* ! MEMB]S ( ! ,BEAT ,G5]ATION CONV9CE ONE ANO!R ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 !RE AT ALL4 0,I DIG IT0 DOESN'T MEAN 0,I UND]/& IT10 BUT1 0,I P]CEIVE ?AT SOME?+ EXI/S \T !RE40 ,ON ME AS A READ]1 ! EFFECT IS DISMAY4 ,I KN[ SOME ( !SE BOYS 7,I SAY 0BOYS02 ,JACK ,K]\AC IS ?IRTY-FIVE74 

,LA/ SUMM] ,I LI/5$ TO ,K]\AC'S FRI5D ,ALL5 ,G9SB]G READ A PASSAGE FROM HIS ,H[L2 IT WAS A LI/ ( IMPRECATIONS ?AT HE BEGAN PIANISSIMO & 5D$ ) A ?UND]\S =TISSIMO4 ,! FELL[S W]E EXCIT$1 IT WAS 0! GREATE/40 ,BUT ,I SADLY ASK$ ,ALL5 JU/ :]E 9 EI!R ! IDEAS1 ! IMAG]Y1 OR ! RHY?M WAS ! PROBABILITY = ! CRESC5DO2 :AT MADE IT A SEQU5CE AT ALL & A SEQU5CE TO BE READ JU/ LIKE ?AT4 ,! POET WAS CRE/FALL5 & FURI\S2 ?IS ?\<T HAD NEV] OCCURR$ TO HIM4 ,& YET1 DUR+ ?OSE FEW M9UTES !Y HAD %>$ ! SIMPLE-M9D$ EXCITEM5T ( HIS SPEAK+ 9 A L[ VOICE & GRADUALLY 9CREAS+ TO A RO>2 IT WAS NOT MU* ( A POETIC EXP]I5CE1 BUT IT WAS SOME?+1 IT WAS BETT] ?AN FEEL+ NO?+ AT ALL ?AT NI<T4 ,:AT ,K]\AC DOES WELL1 NOT JU/ WRITES AB\T1 IS HIS DESCRIPTION ( ! JAZZ MUSICIAN :O HAS HIT ON 0IT0 & EV]YBODY GOES WILD %\T+1 0,GO6 ,MAN6 ,GO60 ,BUT !Y CANNOT SAY :AT 0IT0 IS4 ,!SE BOYS >E T\*+LY 9>TICULATE1 BECAUSE !Y DON'T KN[ ANY?+2 BUT !Y TALK SO MU* & SO L\D1 BECAUSE !Y FEEL 9SULT$ BY ! EXI/5CE ( ! GR[NUPS :O KN[ A LITTLE BIT4 

0,Y\ CAN'T H[L A GRIPE1 ,ALL54 ,Y\ CAN H[L 9 PA9 OR 9 RAGE1 BUT :AT Y\ >E DO+ IS GRIP+40 ,P]HAPS ! PA9 IS TOO SORE TO UTT] A S\ND AT ALL2 & C]TA9LY !IR JU/IFIABLE RAGE IS F> TOO DANG]\S = !M TO FEEL AT ALL4 ,! 5TIRE ACTION ( ,ON ,! ,ROAD IS ! AVOIDANCE ( 9T]P]SONAL CONFLICT4 

,ONE IS /UNN$ AT H[ CONV5TIONAL & LAW-FE>+ !SE LONELY MIDDLE-CLASS FELL[S >E4 ,!Y DUTIFULLY GET LEGAL M>RIAGES & DIVORCES4 ,! H9T ( A 0GANGBANG0 MAKES !M IMPOT5T4 ,!Y NEV] MA/URBATE OR P]=M HOMOSEXUAL ACTS4 ,!Y DO NOT DODGE ! DRAFT4 ,!Y >E HYGI5IC AB\T DRUGS & DIET4 ,!Y DO NOT RES5T BE+ UND]PAID1 NOR SPEAK UP AT ALL4 ,TO DISOBEY A COP IS 0ALL HELL40 ,!IR IDEA ( CRIME IS ! PETTY %OPLIFT+ ( T5-YE>-OLDS /EAL+ CIG>ETTES OR ( TE5-AG]S JOY RID+ 9 O!R PEOPLE'S C>S4 ,BUT H[ C\LD IT BE O!RWISE8 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO HAVE SOME CONTACT ) 9/ITUTIONS & PEOPLE 9 ORD] TO REBEL AGA9/ !M4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO WANT SOME?+ 9 ORD] TO BE FRU/RAT$ & ANGRY4 ,!Y HAVE ! !ORY ?AT TO BE AFFECTLESS1 NOT TO C>E1 IS ! ULTIMATE REBELLION1 BUT ?IS IS A FANTASY2 = RI<T UND] ! SURFACE1 OBVI\S TO A TRA9$ EYE1 IS BURN+ %AME1 HURT FEEL+S1 FE> ( IMPOT5CE1 SPEE*LESS & P[]LESS TANTRUM1 C[]+ BE=E PAPA1 BE+ REBUFF$ BY MAMA2 & IT IS !SE ANXIETIES ?AT DICTATE !IR BEHAVIOR 9 EV]Y CRISIS4 ,!IR BEHAVIOR IS A CON=MITY PLUS ROYALI/E QUE LE ROI4 

,ONE KID 7AGE TW5TY-ONE7 VISIT$ MY HOME ! O!R NI<T1 C>RY+ HIS COPY ( ,ON ,! ,ROAD4 ,! SALI5T FEATURE WAS HIS EXPRESSIONLESS MASK-FACE1 ) ! SQU>$ JAW ( UNCONSCI\S1 SUSPICI\S WAT*FULNESS1 ! EYES 9 A FIX$ />E ( UNFELT HO/ILITY1 PLUS OCCASIONAL GR9D+ ( HIS BACK TEE? AT A VAGUE PROJECT$ ?REAT4 ,EV5 ! HO/ILITY WAS H>D TO MAKE OV]T1 BUT HIS LIPS CRACK$ 9 A SMALL *ILDI% SMILE :5 HE WAS PAID ATT5TION TO4 0,BUT NO?+ CAN BE 9T]E/+ FROM COA/ TO COA/1 BOY1 IF Y\ DO NOT RESPOND TO IT ) SOME 9T]E/4 ,9/EAD ALL Y\ CAN POSSIBLY GET IS TO ACTIVATE Y\R RIGID BODY 9 V>I\S T[NS1 :AT Y\ CALL KICKS40 ,HE EXPLA9$ ?AT ONE HAD TO AVOID COMMITT+ ONESELF TO ANY ACTIVITY1 LE/ ONE MAKE A WRONG *OICE4 

,IT IS USEFUL TO PLACE ?IS 9EXPRESSIVE FACE & HIS UN(F5D+ KICKS 9 \R REC5T LIT]>Y G5EALOGY4 ,GREAT-GR&DADDY1 ,I GUESS1 IS ! /OICAL H]O ( ,HEM+WAY3 ,HEM+WAY'S Y\NG FELL[ UND]/&S ?AT ! GR[N-UP WORLD IS CORRUPT & %ATT]+1 BUT HE IS NOT 0,BEAT10 = HE CAN PROVE ?AT HE IS HIMSELF A MAN BY BE+ TACITURN1 GR[+ HAIR ON HIS *E/1 & %OOT+ ELEPHANTS4 ,HE HAS 0VALUES0 & !RE=E CAN LIVE ?R\< A FEW BOOKS4 ,HIS HEIR IS ,CEL9E'S ANTI-H]O1 A MU* %REWD] FELL[3 HE SEES ?AT TO HAVE ?OSE 0VALUES0 IS ALREADY TO BE DUP$ BY ! CORRUPT ADULTS1 SO HE ADOPTS ! MU* MORE P[]FUL ROLE ( UNIV]SAL GRIP] & CRY BABY1 TO MAKE EV]YBODY FEEL GUILTY & DISGU/$4 ,! BO!R ) HIS LONG GRIPE IS ?AT IT IS MONOTON\S1 !RE IS A LOT ( OPPORTUNITY = WRIT+1 BUT NOT EV5 A S+LE BOOK4 ,! NEXT H]O1 & ,I ?9K ! IMM$IATE PR$ECESSOR ( BE+ ON ! ROAD1 GIVES UP ! PRET5SE ( BE+ GR[N-UP ALTOGE!R 7A GOOD CASE IS ,SAL+]'S ,CAT*] 9 ! ,RYE73 HE IS ! BOY 9 ! V]Y ACT ( BE+ MORTALLY W\ND$ BY ! GR[NUPS' CORRUPTION4 ,?IS T]RIBLE MOM5T IS ONE BOOK4 ,BUT Y\ CAN'T CRY =EV]1 SO Y\ SET Y\R FACE 9 A MASK & GO ON ! ROAD4 ,! ADOLESC5T DECIDES ?AT HE HIMSELF IS ! GUILTY ONE--?IS IS LESS PA9FUL ?AN ! MEMORY ( BE+ HURT--SO HE'D BETT] GET GO+4 ,! TR\BLE IS ?AT !RE IS NO LONG] ANY DRAMA 9 ?IS2 ! DRAMA OCCURR$ BE=E 0MY WIFE & ,I SPLIT UP10 BE=E ,I LO/ MY FA!R4 

,SOCIOLOGICALLY1 ! FOLL[+ PROPOSITIONS SEEM TO ME TO BE RELEVANT3 7#a7 ,9 \R ECONOMY ( ABUNDANCE !RE >E ALSO SURPLUS PEOPLE1 & ! FELL[S ON ! ROAD >E AMONG !M4 ,!RE IS 9 FACT NO MAN'S WORK = !M TO DO4 7#b7 ,WE >E 9H]IT+ \R FAILURE1 AS AN ADVANC$ 9DU/RIAL C\NTRY1 TO HAVE MADE REASONABLE SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS 9 ! LA/ C5TURY2 N[ :5 !RE IS NO LONG] A MOTIVE TO WORK H>D & ACCUMULATE CAPITAL1 WE HAVE NOT DEVELOP$ AN ALT]NATIVE /YLE ( LIFE4 7#c7 ,! /YLE ?AT WE DO HAVE1 0,MADISON ,AV5UE10 IS TOO PHONY = A Y\NG P]SON TO GR[ UP 9TO4 7#d7 ,ALT]NATIVELY1 !RE IS AN ATTRACTION TO ! VITALITY 7BY COMP>ISON7 ( ! DISFRAN*IZ$ ,NEGROES & N[ ! ,PU]TO ,RICANS2 !SE PROVIDE A LANGUAGE & MUSIC1 BUT ?IS CULTURE IS PRIMITIVE & IT CORRUPTS ITSELF TO ,MADISON ,AV5UE AS SOON AS IT CAN4 7#e7 ,9 FAMILY LIFE !RE HAS BE5 A SIMIL> MISS$-REVOLUTION & CONFUSION1 SO ?AT MANY Y\NG PEOPLE HAVE GR[N UP 9 COLD1 HYPOCRITICAL1 OR BROK5 HOMES4 ,LACK+ A PRIM>Y 5VIRONM5T = ! EXPRESSION & TRA9+ ( !IR FEEL+S1 !Y >E BO? AFFECTLESS & NAIVE 9 ! SECOND>Y 5VIRONM5T4 7#f7 ,! SPONTANE\S 0WILD0 9V5TION ?AT WE MAY EXPECT FROM EV]Y Y\NG G5]ATION HAS BE5 S]I\SLY BLI<T$ BY ! ANXIETIES ( ! W> & ! COLD W> 7#g7 ,! /YLE ( LIFE RESULT+ FROM ALL ?IS IS AN OBSESSIONAL CON=MITY1 BUSY-NESS )\T ANY URGE T[>D ! GOALS ( ACTIVITY1 :E!R IDEAL GOALS OR WEAL? & P[]4 ,!RE IS NOT MU* DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! FELL[S 0ON ! ROAD0 & ! 0ORGANIZATION M50--!Y FREQU5TLY EX*ANGE PLACES4  
  

,I ATE ANO!R APPLE PIE & ICE CREAM2 ?AT'S PRACTICALLY ALL ,I ATE ALL ! WAY ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 ,I KNEW IT WAS NUTRITI\S & IT WAS DELICI\S ( C\RSE4 7,PAGE #a#e47  
  

,ON O!R OCCASIONS1 !Y EAT FRANKS & BEANS4 ,MORE R>ELY HAMBURG]S1 MALT$ MILKS1 ( C\RSE4 ,?AT IS1 ! DR9K-D[N QUICK-SUG> FOODS ( SPOIL$ *ILDR51 & ! PRECUT MEAT = LAZY *EW+ BELOV$ ( AGES SIX TO T54 ,NO?+ IS BITT5 OR BITT5-(F1 V]Y LITTLE IS *EW$2 !RE IS A LOT ( SUG> = ANIMAL 5]GY1 BUT NOT MU* SOLID FOOD TO GR[ ON4 ,I SUPPOSE ?AT ?IS IS ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT OBS]VATION ONE CAN MAKE AB\T ,ON ,! ,ROAD4 

,= NE>LY TWO-?IRDS ( ?IS BOOK ONE IS /RUCK1 ,I HAVE SAID1 BY ! LACK ( WRIT+2 ! BOOK IS NO?+ BUT A CONV]SATION BETWE5 ! BUDDIES3 0,DO Y\ REMEMB] :580 &1 0,DO Y\ REMEMB] H[ WE80 0,?AT WAS ! GREATE/60 ,H]E IS CONFIRMATION ?AT !Y1 LIKE ,KILROY1 W]E !RE2 BUT NOT MU* DI/ILL$ EXP]I5CE = ! READ]4 ,BUT !N 7PAGE #a#g#c7 !RE IS A PAGE ( WRIT+1 NOT V]Y GOOD & NOT ORIG9AL--IT IS FROM ! VE9 ( RHAPSODY ( ,CEL9E & ,H5RY ,MILL]--NEV]!LESS1 WRIT+4 ,! SITUATION IS ?AT ! N>RATOR F9ALLY F9DS HIMSELF BETRAY$1 AB&ON$1 P5NILESS1 & HUNGRY 9 A /RANGE CITY4 ,! !ME ( ! RHAPSODY IS METEMPSY*OSIS4 0,I REALIZ$ ?AT ,I HAD DI$ & BE5 REBORN NUMB]LESS TIMES BUT JU/ DIDN'T REMEMB]0--& ?IS !ME IS A HAPPY 9V5TION1 = IT MOM5T>ILY RAISES ! ROAD TO A PLANE ( METAPHYSICAL FANTASY4 ,& ?IS IS H[ ! PASSAGE CLIMAXES3 

,9 ! W9D[ ,I SMELL$ ALL ! FOOD ( ,SAN ,FRANCISCO4444 ,LET ME SMELL ! DRAWN BUTT] & LOB/] CLAWS4 ,!RE W]E PLACES :]E !Y SPECIALIZ$ 9 ?ICK R$ ROA/ BEEF AU JUS OR ROA/ *ICK5 BA/$ 9 W9E4 ,!RE W]E PLACES :]E HAMBURGS SIZZL$ ON GRILLS & ! C(FEE WAS ONLY A NICKEL4 ,& OH1 ?AT PAN-FRI$ *[ ME9 444 

,H]E1 AT LEA/ 9 WI%1 IS A PIECE ( REALITY ?AT IS NOT JU/ KICKS & 0! GREATE/02 HE WANTS TO EAT ?IS FOOD4 ,SILONE WAS RI<T :5 HE SAID ?AT WE MU/ LE>N AGA9 ! WORDS = ,BREAD & ,W9E4 

,A,P,P,5,D,I,X ,F3 0,! ,CRIME ( ,\R ,C5TURY0.<#a#a.> 

  
  

,C,O,M,P,U,L,S,I,O,N1 ,B,Y ,M,E,Y,] ,L,E,V,94 ,SIMON & ,S*U/]4 #a#i#e#f4 #die PP4 @s#e44  
  
  

,N,O,?,+ ,B,U,T ,! ,N,I,<,T1 ,BY ,J,A,M,E,S ,Y,A,F,F,E4 ,B,O,/,O,N4 ,LITTLE ,BR[N ,CO4 #ccf PP4 @s#c4#i#e4  
  

,H]E >E TWO REC5T BOOKS AB\T ! ,LEOPOLD-,LOEB CASE :I* ,MEY] ,LEV9 CALLS 0! CRIME ( \R C5TURY40 ,IT OCCURR$ :5 ,LEV9 WAS 9 COLLEGE 7#a#i#b#d74 ,JAMES ,YAFFE IS Y\NG] & TAKES ! :OLE MATT] LESS S]I\SLY4 ,N[ ! CASE IS ALWAYS CONSID]$ ! TYPICAL CRIME ( ! TW5TIES1 & ,I %\LD LIKE TO SET AGA9/ !SE BOOKS = COMP>ISON A BOOK ( ! TW5TIES1 ,DREIS]'S ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,TRAG$Y 7#a#i#b#e71 :I* RETELLS A TYPICAL MURD] ( ! TIME ( ,DREIS]'S [N Y\?1 ! CASE ( ,*E/] ,GILLETTE 7#a#i#f74 ,BY ?IS COMP>ISON ,I HOPE TO SAY SOME?+ AB\T ! TW5TIES & ! FIFTIES1 TWO DECADES ( EXPANSION4 

,I AM NOT H]E MAK+ A LIT]>Y EVALUATION1 YET ,I MU/ BEG9 FROM A LIT]>Y DI/9CTION4 ,( ! TWO REC5T BOOKS1 ,YAFFE'S IS QUITE WOR?LESS2 BY B[DL]IZ+1 UP-TO-DAT+1 /]EOTYP+1 & JUV5ILIZ+ ! EV5TS & P]SONS ( ! CASE1 HE CONTRIVES TO LOSE BO? >TI/IC PROBABILITY & ANY O!R 9T]E/4 ,BUT ,COMPULSION IS NOT A BAD BOOK2 BY ITS E>NE/ SELECTION ( ! J\RNALI/IC1 M$ICAL1 & LEGAL MAT]IAL1 (T5 GIV5 V]BATIM1 IT PRES5TS AN 9T]E/+ & BELIEVABLE REPORT2 & ,LEV9 MAKES SOME?+ T\*+ & SIGNIFICANT ( ! N>RATOR'S 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! ACTION4 ,DREIS]'S BOOK1 H[EV]1 IS ( A DIFF]5T G5RE1 IT IS A WORK ( >T2 NOT 7TO MY TA/E7 A WOND]FUL WORK1 BUT A WORK ( >T 9 ?AT IT MAKES ITSELF A WORLD & ?IS WORLD IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! 0CASE10 IT IS ! REAL CASE4 ,! QUE/IONS ?AT ,I W\LD ASK >E !SE3 :AT W\LD A BOOK AB\T ! ,CRIME ( ,\R ,C5TURY BE LIKE IF IT W]E WORK$ AS ,DREIS] WORK$8 ,W\LD SU* A WORK GET ITSELF WRITT5 & RECEIV$8 ,:AT1 CONTR>IWISE1 >E ,LEV9 & ,YAFFE DO+8 ,& :AT DOES ?IS TELL US AB\T ! FIFTIES & ! TW5TIES8 

,:AT /RIKES ONE IMM$IATELY & P]SI/5TLY1 IS H[ ,DREIS] IS 9 HIS /ORY1 9 A WAY ?AT \R WRIT]S >E NOT4 ,HE WORKS AS ?\< ALL ! MOTIVES & BEHAVIORS W]E IMM$IATELY PLAUSIBLE1 UNQUE/IONABLE BY EI!R ! AU?OR OR ! AUDI5CE1 & !RE=E NE$+ NO EXPLANATION1 ONLY PRES5TATION4 ,HE MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE A !ORY ( CAUSATION--WE KN[ ?AT HE HAD SEV]AL--BUT HE DOES NOT NE$ ONE & HE DOES NOT (F] ONE2 SIMPLY HE %[S US H[ FIR/ UND5IABLY ,CLYDE ,GRIFFI?S DID & SUFF]$ SO & SO1 & !N HE DID & SUFF]$ SO & SO4 ,9/EAD ( CAUSATION & ! IMPUTATION ( RESPONSIBILITY OR COMPULSION1 WE GET A SOLID & /OLID PROBABILITY ?AT ADDS UP TO A REAL WORLD2 ?AT'S JU/ H[ IT WAS1 LIKE LIFE ONLY MORE SO4 7,DREIS] C>RIES ?IS ?R\< ADMIRABLY2 ! ONLY EPISODE ?AT SEEMS TO ME SKET*Y & A LITTLE FUMBL$ IS ! TEMPTATION TO ! MURD] PLAN2 BUT ! AU?OR RECOV]S47 ,AGA91 AS A DOCTR9AIRE NATURALI/1 ,DREIS] ES*EWS EV]Y LIT]>Y ATTITUDE EXCEPT ?IS N>R[LY SELECTIVE 0LIFELIKE0 PRES5TATION2 !RE IS NO P]SPECTIVE1 NO IRONY1 NO WOND]1 NO HUMOR1 NO WISDOM1 COMPASSION1 ADMIRATION OR CONTEMPT2 NO SYMBOL1 NO =MAL SURPRISE2 C]TA9LY NO SYMPA?Y4 7,BUT LOVE1 ! LOVE ( UNDEVIAT+ ATT5TIV5ESS47 ,9 ALL !SE WAYS ,DREIS] IS NOT 9VOLV$ 9 ! CRIME1 BUT WE %ALL SEE ?AT JU/ 9 !SE WAYS ,LEV9 & ,YAFFE >E1 EA* 9 HIS [N FA%ION1 9VOLV$4 ,!Y CANNOT PRES5T ! CASE AS A NATURALI/IC PROBABILITY4 ,LEV9 WISELY MAKES LITTLE EF=T TO DO SO & RELIES ON ! DOCUM5TS TO MOVE HIS /ORY 7?AT'S H[ IT WAS BECAUSE ?AT'S H[ IT WAS REPORT$ 9 ! PRESS72 :5 ,YAFFE TRIES IT1 HIS /ORY MOVES NOT AT ALL4 

,:5 ,DREIS] SUCCE$S 9 HIS >T WORK ( ?IS K9D1 !RE FOLL[ TWO CULTURAL CONSEQU5CES ( ! HI<E/ IMPORTANCE4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE HE TRIUMPHANTLY V9DICATES ! >T ACT ITSELF1 = IT IS >T & >T ALONE ?AT DOES HUMAN JU/ICE TO ,CLYDE ,GRIFFI?S 7& P]HAPS TO HIS ORIG9AL ,*E/] ,GILLETTE2 BUT ?AT NO LONG] MAKES ANY DIFF]5CE74 ,H]E ,DREIS] IS P]FECTLY AW>E ( :AT HE IS DO+2 HE DEVOTES HIS 5TIRE D5\EM5T TO ! V>Y+ ATTEMPTS TO UND]/& & BE FAIR TO ! Y\NG MURD]]3 ! TRIAL1 ! APPEAL1 ! COMPASSIONATE M9I/]1 ! WISE GOV]NOR1 ! LOV+ & SACRIFIC+ MO!R1 & F9ALLY ! CONFUS$ BOY HIMSELF TRY+ HONE/LY TO ASSAY HIMSELF4 ,NO ONE TRULY UND]/&S :AT OCCURR$2 BUT ! AU?OR CAN SAY1 0,NAY1 READ H]E2 ?IS IS :AT OCCURR$40 7,9DE$1 MY BO!R ) ?IS GOOD BOOK IS ?AT ,DREIS] DOES NOT BR+ ?IS POIGNANT PROBLEM TO ! =EFRONT SOON 5\<2 HE DOES NOT %[ US UNTIL TOO F> ALONG ! CONFUS$ Y\?1 LONG+ TO BE UND]/OOD & TOLD :AT HE IS4 ,DREIS] %[S US ALWAYS HIS VACILLATION & C[>DICE1 BUT NOT 5\< HIS CONFUS$ 9TEGRITY2 HE /ICKS SO CLOSE TO :AT IS LIKE ?AT P>TICUL> LIFE ?AT HE MISSES ONE TRANSC5D5T TRAG$Y ( EV]Y LIFE47 

,BUT EV5 MORE RELEVANT TO \R PRES5T !ME1 :5 ,DREIS] SUCCE$S 9 MAK+ A PROBABLE CRIME BY ACCEPT+ EV]Y USUAL PRESUPPOSITION1 ! SOCIAL EFFECT IS REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IF PEOPLE DO NOT LIKE ! \TCOME1 !Y CANNOT SIMPLY REJECT IT2 !Y MU/ REJECT ! :OLE SEQU5CE 5 BLOC2 & S9CE !Y HAVE BE5 PATI5TLY L$ ALONG /EP BY /EP1 ACCEPT+ EV]Y /EP AS S5SIBLE1 PLAUSIBLE1 & LIKE !IR LIVES1 !Y MU/--MU/ !Y NOT8--BE %AK5 9 !IR :OLE WAY ( EXP]I5C+ AS A VIABLE WAY ( LIFE4 ,SEE1 SAYS ! AU?OR1 H]E IS H[ Y\ MAKE S5SE1 & IT IS NOT VIABLE4 ,SOME?+ IS WRONG4 ,AT ?IS LEVEL1 SIMPLY TO 5T]TA9 AN ALT]NATIVE MORALITY TO ! ONE ?AT DOOM$ ,CLYDE1 IS TO DISAV[ ! MORALITY Y\ GREW UP 94 ,HI/ORICALLY1 ,DREIS]'S WORKS W]E P>T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE 9 ! SEXUAL MORES4 ,! EV5TS ( ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,TRAG$Y W\LD NO LONG] BE PROBABLE IF RETOLD TODAY2 ?IS P>TICUL> PLOT W\LD OCCUR TODAY 9 A SOAP OP]A4 

,! AU?ORS ( \R BOOKS ON ,LEOPOLD & ,LOEB >E NOT 9 ?OSE EV5TS1 :I* >E ALI5 TO !M4 ,!RE IS NO %>$ ASSUMPTION ( AU?OR & AUDI5CE ?AT ?IS IS1 /EP BY /EP1 9EVITABLE BEHAVIOR LEAD+ UP TO :AT IS QUITE UNACCEPTABLE BUT MU/ BE ACCEPT$ NEV]!LESS OR ALL \R S5SE REJECT$ 5 BLOC4 ,YAFFE'S BOOK IS M]ELY MANUFACTUR$ ON A CAUSAL !ORY1 ?AT SU* & SU* P>5TAL ATTITUDES LEAD TO SU* & SU* JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY3 ! PREMISES >E /]EOTYPES1 & ! ES!TIC EFFECT IS ! FRIGID ONE ( HAV+ E/ABLI%$ A POSSIBILITY1 = ! SAKE ( >GUM5T OR TO GET A BOOK WRITT51 ?AT SU* & SU* MI<T OCCUR2 BUT !RE IS NEV] ANY PROBABILITY OR 9T]NAL MOTION4 ,LEV91 MU* MORE MA/]FULLY1 MAKES ! *IEF ?+ HIS [N NE$ TO F9D \T ! CAUSE1 A F9E !ME1 NOT UNLIKE ,PR\/'S2 BUT !N !RE IS TOO MU* AB\T ,LEOPOLD & ,LOEB & NOT 5\< AB\T ,MEY] ,LEV94 ,! ES!TIC EFFECT ( ! MAJOR BULK1 ! CRIME1 IS ! H>% ONE ( UNPLEASANT NEWSPAP] REPORTS4 ,BO? AU?ORS MAKE ! PHILOSOPHICAL ]ROR ( TRY+ TO PRES5T A LIV+ PROCESS BY EXPLA9+ IT RA!R ?AN BY RELIV+ IT ) US2 !IR CAUSES >E EX PO/ FACTO2 AT EV]Y MOM5T ! PROTAGONI/S MI<T DO O!RWISE BUT DON'T HAPP5 TO2 AFT]W>DS WE CAN TRACE ! TRAJECTORY !Y DID FOLL[1 AS IF TO SAY1 0!RE MU/ HAVE BE5 A COMPULSION02 WE >E C]TA9LY NONE ! WIS] AB\T \RSELVES1 OR ANY URG5T PRES5T MATT]4 

,!N !RE >ISES ! QUE/ION3 ,:AT ON E>? MAKES TWO WRIT]S DEVOTE SO MU* EF=T TO A N>RATIVE !Y CANNOT GET ON )1 & ONE ( !M TO CALL IT BY SU* A TITLE AS ! ,CRIME ( ,\R ,C5TURY8 ,:Y DO !Y TREAT ) IT AT ALL8 ,?IS IS A CRUCIAL QUE/ION4 ,!Y >E OBVI\SLY FASC9AT$4 ,) :AT8 ,IT IS =TUNATE ?AT WE HAVE TWO BOOKS1 = UNLIKE AS !Y >E 9 MO/ RESPECTS1 !Y PROVE TO HAVE A C\PLE ( SURPRIS+ ATTITUDES 9 COMMON1 & !SE GIVE US ! CLUE TO ! RELEVANCE ( !SE BOOKS AT ?IS TIME 9 ! FIFTIES4 

,AS ALI5 AS !Y >E TO ! CASE1 \R AU?ORS FEEL EV5 MORE ALI5 TO ! SOCIAL MILIEU 9 :I* ! CASE OCCURS4 ,9 ,YAFFE1 :O UP-TO-DATES ! /ORY1 ! DISAFFECTION IS BLATANT FROM ! BEG9N+4 ,HE IS DEAL+ ) :AT W\LD BE NORMALLY A GLOOMY SUBJECT1 YET ) ALMO/ EV]Y *>ACT] EXCEPT ! PROTAGONI/S1 HIS MANN] IS USUALLY SATIRICAL & (T5 S>CA/IC4 ,ONE FA!R IS A FRIGID ASS1 ! O!R IS A WEEK FOOL2 ONE MO!R IS SICKLY & TIMID1 ! O!R IS A DOM9E]+ CLUB WOMAN & A FOOL2 ! PR9CIPAL IS A POMP\S FOOL2 ! LAWY] IS A VA9 CONNIV]2 ! PSY*IATRI/S DON'T C>E2 ! JUDGE IS A S5TIM5TAL FOOL4 ,& AS HIS /ORY REA*ES ITS CLIMAX1 ,YAFFE HITS ON ! PATT]N HE IS AFT]3 ?AT NOBODY IS CONC]N$ ) ! ONE IMPORTANT ?+1 ! CASE1 BUT ?IS ONE IS 9T]E/$ 9 HIS GOLF SCORE1 ?AT ONE 9 HIS NEW >TICLE1 ANO!R 9 HIS BUS9ESS PRE/IGE1 ETC4 ,TO DRIVE IT HOME1 ! AU?OR RUNS ?R\< ! R\T9E A SECOND TIME4 

,LEV9'S DISAFFECTION IS MORE T\*+2 IT IS A SL[ GR[? TO AW>5ESS ( H[ PO9TLESS HIS [N C>E] AS A MAN HAS BE54 ,LET ME QUOTE FROM HIS 5D+3  
  

444 ,AS IT HAPP5$1 ,I NEV] AGA9 REA*$ ! 9T5SE 9VOLVEM5T & A*IEVEM5T--IF A*IEVEM5T IT MAY BE CALL$--( MY FIR/ ASSIGNM5T4 ,:5 SOME?+ BIG COMES TO US E>LY 9 \R C>E]S WE HAVE AN EXPECTATION ( EXCE$+ & EXCE$+ \RSELVES2 YET = SOME ?IS NEV] HAPP5S1 JU/ AS1 = SOME1 NO LAT] LOVE HAS ! QUALITY ( FIR/ LOVE4 ,I M>RI$1 DIVORC$1 & DUR+ ! W> ,I WAS A CORRESPOND5T ) ! ,?IRD ,>MY4 ,IT WAS 9 ! LA/ WEEKS ?AT ! CASE CAME F9ALLY HOME TO ME4  
  

,BACK 9 ,AM]ICA HE MEETS HIS FIR/ LOVE4  
  

444 ,LOOK+ AT H]1 ,I WAS ?9K+1 ,IT C\LD HAVE BE54 ,IT C\LD ALL HAVE BE54444 ,& ,I T5D$ MY JOB & M>RI$ AGA91 & WE LIVE 9 ,NORWALK4  
  

,BUT ! SOCIAL DISAFFECTION ( BO? AU?ORS IS EVID5T ALSO 9 !IR SURPRIS+ ATTITUDE T[>D ! TWO PROTAGONI/S4 ,!Y SYMPA?IZE )1 & ADMIRE1 ! D>K FUNNY-LOOK+ ,JEWI% 9TELLECTUAL MISFIT 7( C\RSE 9 ,YAFFE NOBODY IS ,JEWI%7--! ONE :O WE>S ! GLASSES & LOSES ! GLASSES--! BROOD+ ONE :O HAS ! FANTASIES ( BE+ A S]VICEABLE SLAVE4 ,!Y YE>N TO EXT5UATE = HIM ACCORD+ TO !IR [N /&>DS ( DEC5CY1 & ,YAFFE EV5 CONTRIVES HIS METAPHYSICAL SALVATION4 ,BUT T[>D ! O!R1 ! FAIR GOOD-LOOK+ Y\?1 SKILL$ 9 SPORTS1 DANC+1 & DRAMATICS1 S\<T AFT] BY ! GIRLS & BOYS1 BO? AU?ORS >E COLD & EV5 HO/ILE2 HE IS1 SOMEH[1 TO BLAME4 ,:AT DOES ?IS MEAN8 ,\R AU?ORS LOOK AT !MSELVES & AT ! WORLD & ITS DESIRABLE ROLES1 & !Y F9D NO?+ TO ADMIRE & LOVE--AT MO/ SOME?+ TO 5VY & BE V9DICTIVE AB\T--BUT C]TA9LY NO?+ ?AT ADDS UP TO :AT Y\ C\LD BE 09T5SELY 9VOLV$0 91 OR TO 0A*IEVE0 ANY?+ !RE4 ,YAFFE1 ! Y\NG]1 TAKES ?IS PRETTY MU* = GRANT$2 ,LEV9 HAS LE>N$ IT AS HE PURSU$ HIS C>E] & F\ND ?AT HE1 OR IT 7IT MAKES NO DIFF]5CE71 DIDN'T COME ACROSS4 ,BUT !RE W]E ?OSE TWO RI* & BRI<T BOYS BACK 9 ! TW5TIES :O 0HAD EV]Y?+10 & !Y W]E WISE TO IT ALREADY4 ,!Y ACT$ IT \T--IT IS FASC9AT+--BECAUSE ONE ( !M S$UC$ ! O!R 9TO DO+ SOME?+ SPECTACUL>LY PO9TLESS1 = ! EXCITEM5T2 !Y COMMITT$ ! ,CRIME ( ,\R ,C5TURY4 

,AS IS (T5 ! CASE1 ! OP5+ PAGE ( ,COMPULSION1 BE=E ! AU?OR HAS A *ANCE TO DEVELOP HIS HABITUAL DEF5SES1 TELLS MORE AB\T ! CASE & ! REAL SITUATION ?AN ALL ! RE/4 ,A PR(ESSOR IS GIV+ A BRILLIANT CRAM LECTURE = ! MORR['S 5TRANCE EXAM9ATION TO ,LAW ,S*OOL4 ,JUDD1 :O KILL$ ! BOY ! DAY BE=E1 TAKES NO NOTES2 YET HE IS PAY+ ATT5TION1 BECAUSE HE SEIZES ! FIR/ OCCASION TO 9T]RUPT & BO!R ! TEA*] & ! CLASS ) HIS !ORY ( ! ,SUP]MAN2 BUT HE FEELS !Y DON'T UND]/& HIS >GUM5T4444 ,LEV9 H]E WANTS TO PORTRAY ! PREOCCUPI$ Y\?1 DOODL+ A HAWK1 & UNABLE TO KEEP AWAY FROM ! >EA ( ! CRIME1 & ?IS IS V]Y WELL4 ,BUT ! SALI5T PSY*OLOGICAL FEATURES ( ! SC5E >E NOT !SE 0UNCONSCI\S0 ONES BUT MU* SIMPL] & REVEAL+ ONES3 7#a7 ,:AT W\LD SEEM TO BE 0OBJECTIVELY0 IMPORTANT1 ! CRAM LECTURE & ! EXAM9ATION1 IS UNIMPORTANT NOT ONLY TO ,JUDD BUT ALSO TO ! O!R /UD5TS & TO ! TEA*]1 = !Y RU% AT ONCE 9TO ! TIME-WA/+ >GUM5T4 7#b7 ,! AIM ( ! Y\NG MAN IS *IEFLY TO CLAIM ATT5TION1 AS IF />V$ = ATT5TION1 & TO HAVE SOME?+ VITAL TO HIM DRAWN =? & TREAT$ S]I\SLY1 ?\< NOT NECESS>ILY APPROV$1 EV5 P]HAPS MORE TO BE REFUT$4 7#c7 ,BUT S9CE :AT HE (F]S HAS NO IMM$IATE PRACTICAL CONT5T1 !RE IS NO WAY TO GET HIMSELF UND]/OOD4 ,HE WANTS TO %>E HIS FANTASY1 :I* IS HIS ONLY CREATIVE ACT1 BUT IT IS ONLY A FANTASY4 ,WE CAN BE SURE ?AT1 UN9T]E/$ 9 ! OBJECTIVE BUS9ESS ( SOCIETY--! EXAM9ATION--& UNABLE TO MAKE CONTACT ) ! O!R P]SONS1 HE WILL P\R HIS 5]GY 9TO LU% FANTASIES 9DE$4 7,( C\RSE ,I AM NOT H]E SPEAK+ ( ,LEOPOLD & ,LEOB BUT ( H[ !Y EXI/ AS FANTASIES ( ,MEY] ,LEV947 

,N[ LET ME REV]T TO ! FIR/ QUE/ION ABOVE3 IF \R AU?OR W]E GO+ TO >TIFICE A REAL WORLD ( ! CASE1 AS ,DREIS] DID 9 ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,TRAG$Y1 IT IS 9 !SE SC5ES ( SOCIAL BEHAVIOR & H[ ! PROTAGONI/S >E 9 !M1 & H[ !Y >E NOT 9 !M1 ?AT HALF ! SUB/ANCE ( ! WORK W\LD BE4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE = ! \TGO+1 ! SOCIALLY SUCCESSFUL Y\? 7,>TIE74 ,! AU?OR TELLS US1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT ,>TIE IS A F9E T5NIS PLAY]4 ,9 ,YAFFE'S BOOK ! C\NT]P>T IS MANAG] ( ! BASEBALL TEAM4 ,H[ IS HE 9 !SE SPORTS8 ,WE GET NOT A WORD4 ,BUT ,LEV9 9 ONE BRIEF PASSAGE LETS US KN[ ?AT ,>TIE IS IMPOT5T4 ,!N WE CAN 5VISAGE HIM ON ! FIELD1 OR DANC+ HOT JAZZ1 ?R[+ HIMSELF WILDLY 9TO IT = ! RELIEV+ EXCITEM5T ( ! MUSCUL> ACTIVITY2 EXCELL+ ) ! NE$ TO PROVE POT5CY1 & ) ! FLA% ( TRIUMPH 7& CONTEMPT7 9 DO+ SO2 BUT NEV]1 NEV] ) ! TOTAL RELEASE ( ORGASM--HAV+ ALWAYS SOME?+ UNF9I%$ & ! NE$1 MORE FI]CELY NEXT TIME1 TO REPEAT--& ) ?IS1 ! 9ABILITY TO GET ANY ( ! QUIET REW>DS ( ACTIVITY & SUCCESS4 ,HE CAN DO IT & HE PROVES IT1 BUT !N IT DOESN'T MEAN ANY?+ & HE TURNS ON HIS HEEL2 OR--MORE DEEPLY--HE TURNS ON HIS HEEL 9 FULL FLI<T FROM ! ANXIETY ( LOS+ CONTROL & BUR/+ 9TO TE>S4 ,LEV9 IS CONC]N$ ) EXPLA9+1 & HE IS COMPASSIONATE2 BUT IF HE 5VISAG$ ! REAL SC5ES & SIMPLY CON/RUCT$ !M1 !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ = EXPLANATION--ANY MORE ?AN ,DREIS] EXPLA9S ANY?+--& ! WORK ITSELF W\LD REPAIR SOME?+1 MAKE IT :OLE AGA91 & ?IS IS ! ACT ( COMPASSION4 

,N[ ! O!R HALF ( SU* A RECON/RUCTION ( ! REAL CASE W\LD1 ,I ?9K1 DEAL ) ! PROLIF]AT+ FANTASIES1 ESPECIALLY ( ! 9W>D-TURN+ Y\?4 ,IT HAPP5S ?AT 9 \R G5]ATION1 BY NO ACCID5T1 WRIT]S HAVE LE>N$ TO RECON/RUCT SU* MA/URBATION FANTASIES AS A LIT]>Y =M4 ,G5ET IS ! MO/ MA/]LY4 ,H5RY ,MILL] IS MORE P$E/RIAN4 ,! ESS5CE ( SU* RECON/RUCTION IS ?AT ! PHYSICAL & SOCIAL REALITY1 ! 0O!R'S REALITY10 5T]S ! PRES5T$ WORLD ) APP>5T CAPRICE OR IS !RE ONLY ON ! FR+ES2 ITS MEAN+ & VALUE IS ! USE IT PLAYS 9 BEG9N+1 MA9TA9+1 & HEI<T5+ ! FANTASY4 ,C]TA9LY ?IS IS NOT F> FROM ! ,LEOPOLD-,LOEB 0CASE0 AS TOLD 9 ! BOOKS WE >E CONSID]+2 BUT \R AU?ORS DO NOT /AY ) ! FANTASI/'S WORLD & !REFROM LEAD US TO ! CRIME /EP BY /EP AS IT REALLY WAS2 RA!R !Y P]SI/ 9 KEEP+ ! SOCIAL VALUATION AS !IR /RUCTURAL FRAMEWORK--& !N ! OV]T ACTS ( FANTASY OCCUR AS ALI5 & REQUIRE A CAUSAL EXPLANATION4 ,& YET !SE SAME AU?ORS1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 DO NOT TAKE ?AT SOCIAL REALITY S]I\SLY AT ALL6 ,!N :AT ON E>? >E !Y DO+8 ,!Y >E FASC9AT$ & !Y >E AVOID+4 

,9 ORD] TO GET SOME?+ MORE NE>LY RESEMBL+ :AT ,DREIS] DID1 WE C\LD /RUCTURE ?IS MAT]IAL AS FOLL[S3 ,ON ! ONE H& ! SC5ES ( ! UNSATISFACTOR9ESS ( \R SOCIAL REALITY1 MADE OBVI\S & PROBABLE = US1 ! F9AL PO9TLESSNESS ( ! E/EEM$ ROLES & C>E]S1 ( ! GAMES & DATES1 ! COLDNESS ( ! FAMILIES & FRAT]NITIES1 & ! GNAW+ NE$ TO EXCE$4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! RI* REALITY ( ! FANTASY WORLD 9TO :I* SOME?+ LOOMS FROM \TSIDE SO ?AT !RE BEG9S TO OCCUR OV]T BEHAVIOR CONT9U\S ) ! FANTASY4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS MATRIX ?AT ! EV5TS OCCUR ?AT >E REPORT$ 9 ! NEWSPAP]S AS CRIME BY ?OSE :O HAVE NOT GONE /EP BY /EP ?IS :OLE ROAD4 

,! Y\?S KILL A R&OM BOY = NO REASON1 ?AT IS1 = A TRIVIAL REASON ?AT W\LD FIT A TRIVIAL DE$2 BUT ( C\RSE TO !M ! DE$ IS NEI!R 5ORM\S NOR TRIVIAL BUT ( ! ORD] ( !IR O!R ACTS2 & !IR REASON IS NOT TRIVIAL1 BUT TO RUN ! RISK ( BE+ CAU<T1 EXPOS$1 PUNI%$4 7,IT IS H>D TO KN[ :AT ,LEV9 MEANS BY 0COMPULSION0--HE SEEMS TO BE SAY+ ?AT ! DEA? WI% IS COMPELL+2 BUT ,I ?9K ! USUAL PSY*OLOGICAL WISDOM IS ?AT ! ?RILL+ EXCITEM5T1 ! COMPULSION1 IS 9 ! CONFRONTATION ) ! O!RS4 ,?IS IS :AT ! AFFECTLESS REPEAT47 ,YAFFE & ,LEV9 SEEM TO BE PECULI>LY MOV$ BY ! ACTS4 ,!Y DO NOT SEEM TO UND]/& H[ ANY PR9CIPLE ( DISAFFECTION OR E/RANGEM5T1 CONT9U\SLY OP]AT+1 WILL TAKE A P]SON F> AFIELD2 & NOT ONLY NEGATIVE PR9CIPLES1 BUT SU* POSITIVE FACULTIES AS HEAL?Y LU/ OR COMMON S5SE 9 A CRAZY WORLD WILL EV5TUALLY LEAD A MAN TO 5ORMITIES ( ECC5TRICITY2 & ! HONE/ >TI/IC NE$ TO T\* A SMUG & DEBAU*$ AUDI5CE EV5TUATES 9 DADA4 ,BUT !SE BOOKS KEEP ! 5ORMITY ( ! ACT 9 ! =EGR\ND2 ! CRIME IS ISOLAT$4 ,WE CONT9UALLY FEEL !IR TUG T[>D ! CRIME AS UNF9I%$ BUS9ESS = !MSELVES--SEV]AL TIMES ,LEV9 SAYS AS MU*4 

,!Y CANNOT MAKE ! AG5TS REAL & ! ACT 9EVITABLE2 !Y >E TOO 9VOLV$2 !Y MU/ EXPLA9 IT AWAY4 ,TO SUM UP \R COMP>ISON3 9 !SE BOOKS IT IS ! CRIME WE >E TO DISAV[ & NOT ! WORLD ( \R ASSUMPTIONS2 YET ?AT WORLD IS NOT LOOK$ AT SQU>ELY EI!R1 BUT AVOID$4 ,BUT 9 ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,TRAG$Y IT WAS NOT ! MURD] BUT ! :OLE WAY ( SOCIAL LIFE 9 :I* ?AT MURD] WAS AN 9CID5T ?AT WAS RECREAT$1 & S9CE \R [N EXP]I5CE ( LIFE ALL[$ US TO REG>D ! SEQU5CE ( EV5TS AS PROBABLE1 WE HAD RADICALLY TO DISAV[ IT1 ?AT IS1 TO 5T]TA9 ALT]NATIVES4 

,YET ! BOOK WE HAVE PROPOS$ 9 !ORY1 PORTRAY+ AS PLAUSIBLE & PROBABLE SO RADICAL A DISAFFECTION FROM ! ACCEPT$ 9/ITUTIONS & BEHAVIORS1 & DEVELOP+ ) SYMPA?Y ! FANTASIES ( P]V]SITY--SU* A BOOK C\LD NOT GET ITSELF ACCEPT$4 ,PEOPLE DO NOT D>E TO DISAV[ SO FRANKLY \R CONV5TIONALLY DESIRABLE WORLD1 & !RE=E !Y W\LD NOT ADMIT ! REAL SC5ES TO BE PLAUSIBLE2 NOR CAN !Y ACCEPT ! FANTASIES ( DESIRE AS :AT SOMEONE 9DE$ MI<T DESIRE4 ,IT W\LD ALL SEEM F>-FET*$ & REPUGNANT1 RA!R ?AN ONLY TOO REAL & 9ADMISSIBLE 5 BLOC4 ,YET ! BOOKS ?AT PUT ! CRIME 9 ! =EGR\ND--!SE EX]T A FASC9ATION4 

,LET ME N[ G5]ALIZE & COMP>E ! TW5TIES & FIFTIES AS TWO P]IODS ( EXPANSION4 ,BO? >E M>K$ BY A BOOM+ PRODUCTIVITY1 MU* MONEY TO SP5D1 A RIS+ /&>D ( LIV+1 & ALSO BY CULTURAL ADJU/M5TS TO GREAT TE*NICAL 9NOVATIONS ?AT (F] EXCIT+ PROSPECTS2 RADIO !N & TELEVISION N[2 FLY+ ! OCEAN & ! GEOPHYSICAL YE>2 RELATIVITY PHYSICS & PSY*OANALYSIS !N & NUCLEONICS & PSY*O!RAPY N[4 ,9 BO? DECADES A VA/ 9CREASE 9 9T]NATIONAL TRAVEL & CULTURAL EX*ANGE4 ,SU* ?+S BO? SUPPORT & GIVE CONT5T TO ! EXPANSION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! TW5TIES & ! FIFTIES >E M>K$ BY A PR(\ND DISILLUSIONM5T & DISGU/ AT ! WAY \R CIVILIZATION HAS REC5TLY DISGRAC$ ITSELF4 ,NO D\BT ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> WAS A MORE SEV]E %OCK TO MORAL PRECONCEPTIONS--WE W]E 9UR$ BY !IR EXP]I5CE ( B>B>ISM2 YET WE MANAG$ TO TURN UP ) CREMATORIA & ATOM BOMBS4 ,BUT !SE EXP]I5CES1 TOO1 FO/] EXPANSION 9 ?OSE :O SURVIVE & 9 :OM ! %ELL %OCK ?AWS \T1 = PEOPLE >E PURG$1 ESPECIALLY IF !RE HAS BE5 FRANK VOMIT+2 & !N MORE D>+ & RADICAL NOTIONS CAN EXPRESS !MSELVES ) A GOOD CONSCI5CE1 S9CE NO?+ AN 9DIVIDUAL CAN ?9K ( W\LD BE SO WICK$ AS :AT EV]YBODY ?\<T ( COLLECTIVELY4 

,BUT !RE IS ALSO A D>K CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! DECADES4 ,! TW5TIES W]E A TIME 9 :I* PEOPLE ?\<T 7REALLY BELIEV$7 ?AT !RE W\LD NEV] BE ANO!R W>4 ,GREAT NATIONS SCUTTL$ !IR W>%IPS ACCORD+ TO A =MULA1 & SIGN$ ! ,KELLOGG-,BRI& AGREEM5T4 ,?IS ELEM5T1 ( SECURITY1 IS ( C\RSE CAPITAL TO AN EXP&+ MOOD1 = IT IS ! ABS5CE ( AN EXT]NAL C\NT]PRESSURE4 

,IF WE CONSID] ! >TI/IC CREATIONS ( ! TW5TIES1 !Y W]E 9DE$ SU* AS ONE W\LD EXPECT & HOPE = 9 A TIME ( EXPANSION & DISGU/4 ,!RE WAS A FL[]+ ( ADVANCE-GU>D WORK1 EXP]IM5TAL1 (F5SIVE1 \TRAGE\S1 BR++ TO A L>GE PUBLIC ! ESOT]IC EF=TS ( SEV]AL DECADES4 ,& ! /&>D /YLE1 AS BY ?AT TIME ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,TRAG$Y WAS 9 /&>D /YLE1 MOV$ ) S]5E SELF-CONFID5CE1 IMMUNE FROM ! NE$ TO EXPLA91 AS IF ALL ! NECESS>Y RADICAL POSITIONS HAD BE5 SECURELY CONQU]$4 ,9 >T AS 9 POLITICS1 WE HAD ALL ! ?REE ELEM5TS NECESS>Y = ! EM]G5CE ( NOVELTY3 EXP&+ 5]GY1 A REJECTION ( ! PA/1 & SECURITY 5\< TO TOL]ATE CONFUSION & ANXIETY4 

,>TI/IC CREATION TODAY GIVES1 RA!R1 AN IMPRESSION ( BE+ BALK$1 POT5TIAL BUT UNABLE TO GET ALONG4 ,!RE IS A C\NT]PRESSURE ?AT BO? OPPOSES EXPANSION & DISC\RAGES IT 9W>DLY4 ,NOT ONLY IS !RE NO PEACE1 BUT NO =?-RI<T EF=T = IT2 ! 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNITY & EV5 SCI5CE >E NOT FREE EX*ANGES2 & ! 9CREAS$ /&>D ( LIV+ NO LONG] PAYS (F 9 PRIDE & JOY1 = PEOPLE >E AVOID+ SOME RISK4 ,!RE IS NOT 5\< SECURITY1 !RE=E NOT 5\< ABILITY TO TOL]ATE ANXIETY1 & !RE=E NOT 5\< RISK ( SOME?+ />TL+LY NEW4 ,AT ! SAME TIME2 ( C\RSE1 !RE IS TOO MU* DISGU/ ) ! OLD1 & TOO MU* NEW 5]GY TO BURN1 TO ALL[ = GREAT CONV5TIONAL PRODUCTS4 ,9/EAD !RE IS A BALK$ & TEAS+ FLIRTATION ) SOME?+ DIFF]5T1 )\T D>+ TO AFFIRM IT4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS AMBIANCE1 ,I ?9K1 ?AT BOOKS LIKE ,COMPULSION & ,NO?+ BUT ! ,NI<T GET !MSELVES CONCEIV$ 9 FASC9ATION1 EXECUT$ DEF5SIVELY1 & WIDELY ACCEPT$ BY AN AUDI5CE ?AT WILL NOT !REBY *ANGE4 ,!Y >E WIDELY ACCEPT$ BECAUSE EV]YBODY IS 9 ! SAME BOAT4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S BETT]1 BUT FEW D>E TO BELIEVE IT & WITNESS IT4 

,F9ALLY1 LET ME RETURN TO ! ,CASE ITSELF4 ,! TW5TIES HAD ,FLAM+ ,Y\?2 ! FIFTIES HAVE ,JUV5ILE ,DEL9QU5TS4 ,LEOPOLD & ,LOEB W]E NOT ,FLAM+ ,Y\?1 !Y W]E JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS A G5]ATION AHEAD ( !IR TIME1 & !RE=E !Y SEEM N[ TO HAVE COMMITT$ ! ,CRIME ( ,\R ,C5TURY4 ,FLAM+ ,Y\? IS REBELLI\S Y\? A/\ND+LY C>ELESS ( ! WISDOM IT REJECTS1 CLAIM+ TO BE GR[N-UP & UNTRAMMEL$ EV5 :ILE ADMITT+ IT MI<T BE MAK+ MI/AKES TO :I* IT CLAIMS A RI<T2 BUT ITS AIMS >E POSITIVE 5\<3 SEX1 SPE$1 & LIQUOR TO RELAX 9HIBITION1 IDEAL POLITICAL DOCTR9ES1 & FRANK ANSW]S 9 WORDS ( ONE SYLLABLE = ?ORNY MORAL DILEMMAS4 ,!SE >E KIDS 7!Y RECUR7 LOOK+ = AN HONE/ ADULT TO REFUTE !M4 ,MEY] ,LEV9'S PROTAGONI/S %[ SOME ( ?IS ZEAL1 BUT ,I SUSPECT ?AT IT IS ,LEV9 :O IS LOOK+ = ! HONE/ ADULT4 ,\R JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS >E NOT REBELLI\S BUT RESIGN$2 & !Y >E TRAPP$ & DESP]ATE4 ,S9CE !SE Y\NG PEOPLE DO NOT KN[ :]E TO TRY TO EX]CISE !IR 5]GIES1 !Y DO MIS*IEF4 ,! SPE$ & LIQUOR1 & ! ,P,A,L & ! FAN-CLUBS1 >E NOT ! PRELUDE TO A QUIET] GOOD TIME BUT TO MORE DESP]ATE EXP$I5TS T[>D EXCITEM5T4 ,!IR PHILOSOPHY W\LD BE ,EXI/5Z & ,L',ACTE ,GRATUITE1 EXCEPT ?AT TO PHILOSOPHIZE AFFIRMS AN ESS5CE1 TRU?1 & IT IS NOT AN ACTE GRATUITE BUT ! PROP]TY ( A RATIONAL ANIMAL4 

,DREIS]'S ,CLYDE ,GRIFFI?S IS A DUMB PRECURSOR ( ! REBEL2 HE FEELS HE IS DEPRIV$1 ONLY HE DOES NOT KN[ H[2 & HE IS LOV+LY PORTRAY$ 9 A DECADE :5 !Y ?\<T !Y KNEW :AT WAS WRONG1 & IMPORTANTLY DID KN[1 & W]E 5GAG$ 9 *ANG+ IT4 ,BUT \R PRES5T PROTAGONI/S 0HAVE0 EV]Y?+ & IT'S NO GOOD2 !RE IS NO PO9T 9 !IR REBELL+ AGA9/ !IR FA!RS = !Y DON'T HAVE IT EI!R2 & NOBODY DEMON/RATES ANY?+ NEW = !M 9 ! BE/-SELL]S4 ,!Y >E REBELS )\T A CAUSE4 

,I AM REM9D$ ( ! COMM5CEM5T EX]CISES SOME YE>S AGO AT ONE ( ! SUP]IOR ACADEMIC HI< S*OOLS 9 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,MUSIC & ,>T4 ,S5ATOR ,JAVITS1 !N ,/ATE'S ATTORNEY1 ADDRESS$ ! CLASS & URG$ !M TO HELP COMBAT JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY BY 9T]E/+ ! T\< KIDS ( !IR NEI<BORHOODS 9 !IR [N CULTURAL PURSUITS4 ,AB/RACTLY ?IS WAS NOT A FOOLI% PROPOSAL--EV5 MEATY = A COMM5CEM5T ADDRESS4 ,BUT ! TE5-AG]S TO :OM ,I LI/5$ ?\<T IT WAS RIDICUL\S2 ?AT ! DEL9QU5TS W]E MU* 9 ! RI<T & !Y W]E /RONG] & W\LD 9FLU5CE ! GOOD BOYS RA!R ?AN ! O!R WAY >\ND2 ALSO--) A C]TA9 PURITY--?AT MUSIC & >T %\LD NOT BE DEGRAD$ TO DO POLICE WORK1 = !Y IMPUGN$ ! ,/ATE'S ATTORNEY'S MOTIVES4 

,DEV4 REF]S TO ,! ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,ACADEMIC ,FRE$OM 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BY ,RI*>D ,H(/ADT] & ,WALT] ,P4 ,METZG] ,N4 ,Y41 #a#i#e#e4 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 #ef PP4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #f1 #bba 3 ,APP5DICES -- ,ADD$4 

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