,G]MAN ,SOCIALISM 9 ! ,W> 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLI%$3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,REVIEW1 VOL4 #a#e1 NO4 #h4 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#a#e4 
,TRANSLATION3 ,ALFR$ ,D4 ,S*O*4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,MICAH ,MU]1 #b#a#g4 

,A T]RIBLE BREAKD[N ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY -- & ( ! 
,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ! O!R C\NTRIES -- CAME :5 ! ,EUROPEAN W> 
BROKE \T4 ,BE=E ?AT ,G]MAN SOCIALISM SEEM$ FULL SIZE & FULL /R5G?1 
ADMIR$ BY ! ,SOCIALI/S ( ! WORLD AS AN EXAMPLE NO O!R C\NTRY HAD BE5 
ABLE TO EQUAL2 ?OSE :O KNEW H[ ?+S W]E ON ! 9SIDE1 H[EV]1 W]E AW>E 
?AT NOT EV]Y?+ WAS AS GOOD & /RONG AS IT SEEM$4 ,N[ ALL SOCIALISM SEEMS 
SUDD5LY TO HAVE DISAPPE>$2 N[ IT IS COMMONLY BELIEV$ 9 =EIGN C\NTRIES 
?AT ! 5TIRE P>TY1 FILL$ ) 5?USIASM = ! KAIS]1 HAS FALL5 9TO 
! WOR/ K9D ( *AUV9ISM4 ,BUT APPE>ANCES >E DECEPTIVE 9 ?IS CASE ALSO4 
,SOCIALISM IS NOT COMPLETELY DEAD1 & IT HAS ALREADY BE5 MADE CLE> MORE ?AN 
ONCE1 BY BR++ TOGE!R EVID5CE FROM ! NEWSPAP]S & O!R P]IODICALS1 
?AT A P>T ( ! P>TY /ILL /&S BY ! OLD FLAG4 ,IT IS ( ! GREATE/ 
IMPORTANCE = ! ,AM]ICAN COMRADES TO F9D \T & TO UND]/& :AT IS GO+ 
ON 9 ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 W>TIME4 

,G]MAN SOCIALISM WAS NOT 9 A POSITION TO H9D] ! W> BY 5]GETIC ACTION2 
9 ! MOOD PREVAIL+ AT ! TIME1 ! LEAD]S NEV] ?\<T ( DO+ SO = A 
MOM5T4 ,! P>TY CONSEQU5TLY MI<T HAVE MADE A DECL>ATION LIKE ?IS3 0,WE >E 
OPPOS$ TO ALL W>S2 IT WAS \R WI% TO KEEP ! W> FROM BREAK+ \T1 BUT WE 
>E TOO WEAK1 & EV]Y EF=T IS USELESS4 ,) A HEAVY HE>T \R WORK+M5 
B5D TO ! 9EVITABLE2 GRITT+ !IR TEE? !Y M>* AWAY TO ! W>1 V[+ 
9 !IR HE>TS TO TAKE UP ! /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM AGA9 AS SOON AS ! 
POSITION ( ! GOV]NM5T SEEMS TO BE %ATT]$40 ,SU* A CONFESSION ( !IR 
[N WEAKNESS W\LD HAVE BE5 A COME-D[N1 ( C\RSE1 FROM !IR PR\D 
DECL>ATIONS ( O!R DAYS1 BUT ! C\RAGE ( ITS S9C]ITY NO ONE C\LD HAVE 
CALL$ 9 QUE/ION4 ,BUT NO SU* DECL>ATION WAS MADE4 ,! GR\P 9 ! ,REI*/AG 
VOT$ ! W>-CR$IT UNANIM\SLY4 ,?IS ESPECIALLY IS :AT ! COMRADES 9 O!R 
C\NTRIES DID NOT UND]/&1 = ! P>TY BY ?IS ACT SID$ ) ! W>1 
ASSUM$ RESPONSIBILITY = ! W>1 DECL>$ ITS SOLID>ITY ) ! GOV]NM5T1 
PLAC$ ITSELF 9 ! S]VICE ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM1 & TORE TO PIECES ! 
,9T]NATIONAL ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,TO UND]/& ?IS ACT1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO HAVE A CLE> 9SI<T 9TO ! 
DIFF]5T T5D5CIES ?AT /OOD SIDE BY SIDE 9 ! ,G]MAN P>TY4 ,AS REG>DS ! 
RE=MI/S1 :O 9 REC5T YE>S CONTROLL$ AB\T A ?IRD ( ! P>TY1 HELD 
AB\T HALF ( ITS SEATS 9 ! ,REI*/AG1 & 9CLUD$ AB\T ALL ! (FICIALS 
( ! TRADE-UNIONS1 ?IS ATTITUDE IS AT ONCE COMPREH5SIBLE3 !Y ALWAYS TRI$ 
TO *ANGE ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9TO A /RUGGLE = M9OR IMPROVEM5TS1 9 :I* 
!Y JO9$ =CES ) A P>T ( ! B\RGEOISIE2 !Y W\LD HE> NO?+ ( 
REVOLUTION2 !Y HAD A NATIONALI/ & MIDDLE-CLASS M5TALITY4 ,( ! RADICALS 
! GREAT] HALF W]E NEI!R HOT NOR COLD2 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,KAUTSKY & 
! EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ( ! P>TY1 !Y CLUNG FA/ TO ! 0OLD1 TRI$ 
TACTICS10 W\LD HE> NO?+ ( AGGRESSIVE1 REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 & SO1 AS 
A MATT] ( C\RSE1 !Y FELL 9TO OPPORTUNISM PRACTICALLY1 ?\< /ILL 
RETA9+ ! OLD PHRASES2 TO ?IS GR\P BELONGS ! MAJORITY ( ! P>TY 
BUREAUCRATS4 ,!Y /OOD CONFUS$ 9 ! FACE ( ! ?REAT5+ W>1 )\T 
/R5G? & ALSO )\T 5?USIASM1 & LOOK$ = A MIDDLE C\RSE ?AT W\LD 
NOT BR+ ! P>TY 9TO OPPOSITION ) ! NATIONAL CURR5T4 ,! RE/ ( ! 
RADICALS1 G5]ALLY REF]R$ TO AS ! 0EXTREME LEFT10 :O (T5 /OOD = 
REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS1 WANT$ ! P>TY TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! W>1 & TO 
REFUSE TO VOTE ! W>-CR$IT4 ,?IS FACTION1 :I* MU/]$ AB\T A ?IRD ( ! 
VOTES AT ! LA/ NATIONAL CONV5TION ( ! P>TY1 IS /ILL1 AS A MATT] ( 
FACT1 F> FROM BE+ UNI=M & CLE> 9 ITS AIMS1 BUT !RE >E 9 IT SOME M5 
WELL 9=M$ ON IMP]IALISM & SOME ADVOCATES ( AGGRESSIVE TACTICS4 ,H[EV]1 
9 ! CAUCUS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ELEM5T 9 ! ,REI*/AG1 9 :I* ?IS MATT] 
WAS TO BE SETTL$1 ONLY AB\T SEV5TE5 M5 /OOD BY !IR PROPOSAL TO VOTE 
AGA9/ ! MEASURE4 ,! OV]P[]+ MAJORITY ( RE=MI/S & OLD RADICALS 
W]E = VOT+ 9 FAVOR ( IT4 ,SO ! ,SOCIALI/ GR\P 9 ! PUBLIC SESSION ( 
! ,REI*/AG VOT$ ! W>-CR$IT4 ,C\LD NOT ! SEV5TE5 OPPON5TS HAVE VOT$ 
0,NO0 ALSO 9 ! PUBLIC SESSION8 ,IT IS AN OLD CU/OM = ! ,SOCIALI/ GR\P 9 
! ,REI*/AG TO /& AS A COMPACT1 UNI=M BODY1 :OSE MEMB]S GIVE !IR 
VOTES NOT ACCORD+ TO !IR P]SONAL JUDGM5T BUT ACCORD+ TO ! DECISION ( 
! P>TY4 ,9 ?IS CU/OM LIES A MI<TY =CE2 NOT *ANCE OP9IONS ( S+LE 
9DIVIDUALS BUT ! DECISIONS ( ! WORK+M5 :O MAKE UP ! P>TY DECIDE ! 
ATTITUDE ( ! P>TY 9 P>LIAM5T4 ,! RE=MI/S HAVE (T5 OPPOS$ ?IS 
CU/OM1 BECAUSE !Y W\LD LIKE TO HAVE A FREE FIELD ( ACTIVITY = !IR 
P]SONAL %REWDNESS & = POLITICAL DEALS ) CAPITALI/IC P>TIES4 ,BUT !N 
! =CE ( ! DI/9CTIVE CLASS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! :OLE CAPITALI/ WORLD 
W\LD BE BROK51 CONSEQU5TLY !SE EF=TS W]E ALWAYS DISC\RAG$4 ,IT IS TRUE1 
A =MAL RESOLUTION WAS NEV] DRAWN UP1 DECL>+ ?AT ,SOCIALI/ LEGISLATORS 
%\LD FOLL[ ! MAJORITY ( ! P>TY GR\P UNCONDITIONALLY & ME*ANICALLY2 
! DISCIPL9E WAS NO?+ BUT G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$ NORMAL RULES4 ,BECAUSE ( 
!SE RULES ( DISCIPL9E IT DID NOT OCCUR TO ! OPPOSITION TO TAKE A /& 
AGA9/ ! MAJORITY 9 ! OP5 SESSION4 ,BESIDES1 IT DEM&$ EXTRAORD9>Y 
C\RAGE & A GREAT DEAL ( IT1 9 ! FACE ( ! DIGNIFI$ 5?USIASM ( 
PUBLIC S5TIM5T1 TO TAKE A /& 9 OPPOSITION2 & :AT >GUM5TS C\LD !Y 
HAVE (F]$1 S9CE ! GOV]NM5T HAD >RANG$ EV]Y?+ SO NEATLY ?AT NO ONE 
D\BT$ ?AT ,G]MANY WAS ! VICTIM ( A MALICI\S AGGRESSION1 & WANT$ TO DO 
NO?+ BUT DEF5D ITS NATIONAL EXI/5CE & ITS CIVILIZATION8 

,F\R MON?S ( ! W> PASS$ BY1 & ! EFFECTS ( ! W> 9SIDE ! 
C\NTRY W]E SE54 ,!Y W]E SU* AS C\LD HAVE BE5 EXPECT$4 ,NO OPPOSITION HAD 
>IS5 ON ,AUGU/ #d?4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ! MILIT>Y GOV]NM5T WAS ABLE TO MANAGE 
?+S TO ITS [N LIK+4 ,MILIT>Y C5SOR%IP WAS E/ABLI%$ OV] ! 5TIRE 
PRESS4 ,?AT DANG]\S W> NEWS AB\T MOVEM5TS ( TROOPS %\LD BE C>EFULLY 
LOOK$ AFT] & SUPPRESS$ :5 NECESS>Y1 GOES )\T SAY+1 BUT ! 
C5SOR%IP W5T FUR!R4 ,IT LOOK$ UPON IT AS ITS DUTY TO SEE ?AT 0! SPL5DID 
H>MONY ?AT \R PEOPLE %[ 9 W> TIME0 %\LD NOT BE DI/URB$ BY PREA*]S 
( DISCONT5T2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! MILIT>Y C5SOR%IP BECAME A MEANS = ! 
SUPPRESSION ( SOCIALISM4 ,IT IS TRUE1 ! PROHIBITIVE REGULATIONS AGA9/ ! 
SOCIAL DEMOCRACY W]E DONE AWAY )1 & ITS PRESS WAS ADMITT$ TO ! >MY 
-- ! MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES W]E WISE 5\< TO MAKE FRI5DS ) ! 
,SOCIALI/ PRESS1 :I* C\LD PREA* NO CLASS /RUGGLE1 H[EV]1 BECAUSE ( ! 
C5SOR%IP4 ,9 ! ,R$ ,CROSS & FOOD SUPPLY COMMISSIONS DELEGATES FROM ! 
TRADE-UNIONS & ! P>TY W]E GIV5 PLACES ALONG ) ! CAPITALI/ MEMB]S1 
= ! LATT] W]E UNABLE TO H&LE ALL ! WORK4 ,?IS \TW>D RECOGNITION ( 
EQUALITY1 :I* CONTRA/$ SO %>PLY ) ! =M] EXCLUSION & CONTEMPTU\S 
DISQUALIFICATION1 HAD COMPLETELY TURN$ ! HEADS ( A GOOD MANY P>TY MEMB]S2 
IT SEEM$ TO !M ?AT ?IS M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( A TIME ( LIB]TY & 
EQUALITY4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME AN OP5 WORD ( CRITICISM1 ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ 
! B\RGEOISIE1 ( SOCIALISM1 WAS H9D]$ AS F> AS POSSIBLE BY ! MILIT>Y 
C5SOR%IP4 0,VORWA]TS0 HAD TO MAKE A PROMISE TO PUBLI% NO?+ 
FUR!R AB\T ! CLASS /RUGGLE2 O!RWISE IT W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 P]MITT$ TO 
APPE> AGA94 ,& 9 ,?UR+IA ! MILIT>Y COMM&] SIMPLY SUSP5D$ ! 
P>AGRAPHS ( ! CON/ITUTION :I* GRANT EV]Y CITIZ5 ! RI<T ( FREE 
SPEE* & ( ASSOCIATION & ASSEMBLY4 ,ONLY A FEW PAP]S :I* BE=E HAD 
S\<T = ,SOCIALI/ /R5G? ABOVE ALL 9 ?OR\< 5LI<T5M5T & NOT M]ELY 
9 %>P WORDS W]E ABLE TO MA9TA9 A ,SOCIALI/ /&PO9T EV5 UND] !SE 
CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,! MO/ ( !M W]E R$UC$ TO COLORLESS LABOR PAP]S4 

,& AGA9/ ?IS CONDITION ( AFFAIRS ! P>TY HAD NO /R5G? = 
RESI/ANCE4 ,IT IS TRUE1 !RE W]E EV]Y:]E L>G] OR SMALL] GR\PS ( 
RADICAL WORK+M5 :O HELD FA/ TO ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 :O UND]/OOD ! 
NATURE ( ! W>1 EXASP]AT$ AT NATIONALISM -- BUT ! APP>5T UNITY ( 
! GR\P 9 ! ,REI*/AG ROBB$ !M ( ALL CONFID5CE 9 !MSELVES4 ,IF ! 
REPRES5TATIVES ( ! EXTREME LEFT HAD SPOK5 !IR 0,NO0 9 PUBLIC1 !Y W\LD 
HAVE BECOME ! LEAD]S >\ND :OM ALL ,SOCIALI/S C\LD RALLY1 :O AT ?AT TIME 
OR LAT] W]E WILL+ TO TAKE A /& AGA9/ ! W>2 9 ?IS WAY ! 
OPPOSITION W\LD HAVE BECOME A WELL DEF9$ =CE4 ,AS IT IS1 ! SIL5CE ( ! 
M9ORITY GR\P MEANS ALSO TO !M1 0,SAY NO?+ & SUBMIT40 ,SO !Y W]E WEAK 
& P[]LESS AGA9/ ! PREVAIL+ CURR5T4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! RE=MI/S W]E 9 EC/ASY2 !Y HAD REA*$ ! GOAL 
( !IR WI%ES1 SUSP5SION ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 RECOGNITION ( ! SOCIAL 
DEMOCRACY AS A RESPECTABLE P>TY ) EQUAL RI<TS ) O!R P>TIES1 FRAT]NAL 
RELATIONS ) ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,A GOOD MANY ( !IR PAP]S \TDID ! 
CAPITALI/ PRESS 9 *\V9ISM1 & /IRR$ UP BAD FEEL+ AGA9/ =EIGN 
C\NTRIES -- SO ?AT EV5 ! MORE MOD]ATE ELEM5TS GOT DISGU/$ ) IT4 
,ONE ( !IR MO/ IMPORTANT ORGANS 7! ,*EMNITZ PAP]71 EXPRESS$ ! OP9ION 
?AT ANYONE :O WROTE AS HE %\LD WRITE W\LD NOT NE$ TO FEEL ?AT ! 
C5SOR%IP WAS H9D]+ HIM4 ,9 A TRADE-UNION PAP] APPE>$ ! /ATEM5T ?AT 
! COMRADES :O DID NOT LIKE ! NEW TURN ( AFFAIRS & WANT$ TO CRITICIZE 
W\LD HAVE TO BE ?R[N \T ( ! P>TY4 ,! ACTIVE1 RADICAL WORK+M5 ( 
,/UTTG>T1 :O 9 LONG YE>S ( /RUGGLE HAD %AK5 (F ! YOKE ( ! 
RE=MI/ LEAD]%IP ( ! P>TY 9 ,WU]TEMB]G1 & HAD GOT CONTROL OV] ! 
P>TY PAP] 9 ,/UTTG>T1 SAW !MSELVES ROBB$ AGA9 ( !IR PAP] BY AN ACT 
( VIOL5CE4 ,9 %ORT1 ! RE=MI/S FEEL !Y >E MA/]S ( ! P>TY1 & 
>E TRY+ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! SITUATION TO S]VE !IR 5DS4 ,!Y MAKE A 
GREAT DEAL ( ! TACTICS FOLL[$ AS A VICTORY = SOCIALISM3 ,FIR/1 BECAUSE 
! GOV]NM5T RECOGNIZES !M2 SECOND1 BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T (T5 HAS TO TAKE 
=CIBLE POSSESSION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY ON ACC\NT ( ! W>1 & = W> 
SUPPLIES HAS TO UND]TAKE A GOOD DEAL ( 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION -- ALL 
?IS SO MANY /EPS 9 ! DIRECTION ( SOCIALISM1 SAY ! RE=MI/S4 

,9 REALITY ! 9DU/RIAL MEASURES ( ! GOV]NM5T >E NE>LY ALL 
UND]TAK5 AS MEANS ( C>+ = CAPITAL4 ,! W> LOAN ( FIVE BILLIONS WAS A 
F9E DEAL = CAPITAL1 :I* LOOK$ =W>D 9 ADVANCE TO SURE GA9 FROM IT4 
,MILLIONS W]E MADE BY FURNI%]S ( W> SUPPLIES4 ,BUT ! WORK+ MASSES 
SUFF]$ SEV]ELY4 ,! \TBREAK ( ! W> BR\<T ON A T]RIBLE D]ANGEM5T ( 
! 9DU/RIAL LIFE ( ALL C\NTRIES1 A CRISIS ( GREAT CONSEQU5CE EV5 9 
,AM]ICA4 ,9 ,G]MANY ! P]C5TAGE ( PEOPLE \T ( WORK1 9 SPITE ( ! L>GE 
NUMB] ( SOLDI]S 9 ! FIELD1 ROSE 9 ,AUGU/ TO #be P] C5T2 IT SANK TO #ae 
P] C5T ONLY 9 ! FOLL[+ MON?S1 AS 9DU/RIAL LIFE GRADUALLY ACCOMMODAT$ 
ITSELF TO ! SITUATION1 & PEOPLE W5T TO WORK ON ALL H&S 9 PROVID+ W> 
SUPPLIES4 

,:AT DID ! GOV]NM5T DO TO HELP ?OSE 9 WANT8 ,NO?+4 ,! UNEMPLOY$ 
W]E LEFT TO BE C>$ = BY PRIVATE *>ITY4 ,H[EV]1 A CAPITALI/ PAP] 9 ! 
MIDDLE ( ,NOVEMB] HAD ! FOLL[+ TO SAY3 0,PRIVATE *>ITY HAS %[N ITSELF 
:OLLY 9SUFFICI5T2 SO F> ONLY ?REE MILLION M>KS HAVE BE5 COLLECT$1 & 
LESS & LESS IS COM+ 9 ALL ! TIME2 ! GOV]NM5T MU/ TAKE UP ! 
MATT]40 ,BUT :Y %\LD ! GOV]NM5T TAKE ACTION8 ,A POSSESS+ CLASS DOES 
SOME?+ ONLY :5 IT FEELS ITSELF ?REAT5$ BY ! SUFF]+ ( ?OSE 9 
WANT1 BUT ! MASSES MADE NO MOVEM5T & F\ND NO LEAD]%IP 9 AN OPPOSITION 
P>TY ?AT W\LD TAKE A /RONG /& 9 !IR FAVOR AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,:5 
! LEAD]S ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE LULL ! MASSES TO SLEEP ) ! SONG ( ! 
FA!RL& 9 DANG]1 ! GOV]NM5T NE$S TO TAKE NO ?\<T !N AS TO H[ ! 
MASSES >E TO BE C>$ =4 

,& !N CAME ! RISE 9 PRICES 9 ADDITION TO ALL ?IS4 ,! W> CUT (F ! 
IMPORTATION ( GRA92 IT WAS EXPLA9$1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ,G]MANY HAD ( ITS [N 
H>VE/ NE>LY 5\< = A :OLE YE>1 BUT WILD SPECULATION DROVE PRICES 
CONT9UALLY HI<] & HI<]4 ,! GOV]NM5T HAD SECUR$ ! RI<T TO FIX 
MAXIMUM PRICES1 BUT IT LOOK$ ON )\T TAK+ ACTION TILL ! SPECULATORS HAD 
GA!R$ 9 !IR PR(IT2 !N 9 ,NOVEMB] IT SET MAXIMUM PRICES ?AT W]E F> 
TOO HI<4 ,NOT ONLY = ! UNEMPLOY$ BUT ALSO = ! FAMILIES ( ! SOLDI]S1 
:O RECEIV$ AN EXTRA ALL[ANCE FROM ! EMPIRE1 ?IS MEANT EXTREME POV]TY4 

,9 ! MEANTIME ! TRUE *>ACT] ( ! W> HAD COME 9TO A BETT] LI<T4 
,UND] ! APPE>ANCE ( A DEF5SIVE W>1 IT IS 9 REALITY A W> = WORLD-P[]1 
= A /RONG] POSITION 9 ! WORLD4 ,?AT IS GIV5 \T )\T ANY ATTEMPT AT 
CONCEALM5T 9 A REC5TLY PUBLI%$ WORK ( ! IMP]IALI/IC WRIT]1 ,PAUL 
,ROHRBA*4 ,& ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL CAPITALI/ CIRCLES HAVE BE5 DEM&+ ! 
ANNEXATION ( CONQU]$ ,BELGIUM1 ! EXT5SION ( ,G]MANY TO ! ,ATLANTIC COA/1 
! P>TITION ( ,RUSSIA1 ! DEGRADATION ( ,5GL&1 AN 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] 
( COLONIES & ! LION'S %>E 9 ! OP5+-UP ( ! ,ASIATIC & ,ORI5TAL 
WORLD1 )\T ANY DISAV[AL :ATEV] COM+ FROM ! GOV]NM5T4 ,SO IT BECOMES 
EVID5T EV5 9 ,G]MANY ?AT ! WORK+M5 HAD ALL[$ !MSELVES TO BE 
DECEIV$ E>LY 9 ,AUGU/4 

,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES ! ,REI*/AG ASSEMBL$ AGA9 ON ,DECEMB] #b TO 
APPROVE ANO!R W> LOAN ( FIVE BILLIONS = ! GOV]NM5T4 ,MU/ NOT ! 
SOCIAL DEMOCRACY VOTE ?IS TIME DIFF]5T FROM ,AUGU/ #d8 ,9 ! PRESS IT WAS 
9SI/$ UPON1 ESPECIALLY BY ,B]N/E91 ?AT A DIFF]5T ATTITUDE %\LD BE 
ASSUM$ ?IS TIME1 SEE+ ?AT ! W> HAS *ANG$ ITS *>ACT]1 AS WE >E 
TOLD2 9 ,AUGU/ A W> AGA9/ B>B>IC ,RUSSIA WAS PROMIS$ US1 & N[ IT IS A 
W> AGA9/ DEMOCRATIC ,FRANCE1 AGA9/ 9NOC5T ,BELGIUM1 AGA9/ FREE ,5GL&4 
,( C\RSE1 ALL ?IS >GUM5TATION IS NONS5SE2 ! W> IS 9 ,DECEMB] :AT IT 
WAS 9 ,AUGU/ -- A W> = WORLD-P[]4 ,BUT IT WAS ALSO NOT TO BE EXPECT$ 
?AT ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC GR\P 9 ! ,REI*/AG W\LD SAY1 0,WE WALK$ 9TO A 
TRAP ?AT TIME1 BUT NO MORE ( ?AT = US40 ,! RE=MI/S W]E 5TIRELY 
SATISFI$ & PATRIOTIC2 ! OLD RADICALS W]E BEFOGG$ AS USUAL4 

,BUT :AT WAS NOT TO BE EXPECT$ FROM ! 5TIRE GR\P MI<T N[ HAVE BE5 
EXPECT$ FROM ! M9ORITY ( ! EXTREME LEFT4 ,?IS TIME !Y C\LD HAVE GIV5 
!IR VOTES 9 ! OP5 SESSION ( ! ,REI*/AG AGA9/ ! W> CR$IT4 ,!Y 
HAD HAD PL5TY ( TIME TO SEE ! BAD EFFECTS ( ! TACTICS PREVI\SLY 
FOLL[$2 H[ ! RADICAL WORK+M5 HAD LO/ !IR BE>+S2 H[ ! IMPUD5CE 
( ! RE=MI/S 9 ! P>TY & ! IMPUD5CE ( ! MILIT>Y GOV]NM5T FROM 
ABOVE1 :I* WORK$ H& 9 H& TO KEEP D[N ! OPPOSITION1 KEPT GR[+ ALL 
! TIME4 ,!Y C\LD N[ PO9T \T ! TRUE IMP]IALI/IC *>ACT] ( ! 
W>4 

,BUT !Y KEPT SIL5T4 ,ONLY ONE HAD ! C\RAGE TO SAY 0,NO40 ,?IS ONE WAS 
,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T1 ALONE AMONG #cig MEMB]S ( ! ,REI*/AG2 ALONE AMONG 
#aa ,SOCIALI/S2 ALONE AMONG MORE ?AN A DOZ5 REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/S4 

,AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! LEFT !RE IS MORE ?AN ONE BETT] 9=M$ ON 
IMP]IALISM & :O CAN MAKE F9] SPEE*ES ON ! SUBJECT ?AN ,LIEBKNE*T4 ,BUT 
9 SU* TIMES AS ! PRES5T IT IS NOT SO MU* A CASE ( 9=MATION AS IT IS ( 
C\RAGE2 NOT SO MU* A MATT] ( F9E1 R++ WORDS AS ( FE>LESS 
ACTION4 

,C\RAGE IS NO R>E QUALITY4 ,MILLIONS ( SOLDI]S RISK !IR LIVES BECAUSE 
!Y BELIEVE !Y >E FI<T+ = ! SAFETY ( !IR C\NTRY4 ,?\S&S ( 
,SOCIALI/S HAVE MADE EXTREME SACRIFICES = !IR GREAT CAUSE4 ,9 EV]Y GR\P ( 
P]SONS ) COMMON 9T]E/S ! 9DIVIDUAL MU/ SACRIFICE HIMSELF = ! GOOD 
( ! :OLE BODY2 ! APPROVAL1 ! PRAISE1 ! ADMIRATION1 ! RESPECT ( 
!IR COMRADES IS ! REW>D = :I* !Y 5DURE /\!>T$ ALL ! TRIALS 
& SUFF]+4 ,BUT V]Y UNCOMMON IS ! MORAL C\RAGE TO TURN AGA9/ A 
P]SON'S [N COMRADES :5 IT SEEMS !Y >E GO+ ! WRONG WAY1 & !N TO 
BE> QUIETLY !IR REPROA*ES1 !IR SL&]1 !IR HATR$4 ,! BETT] ! GR\P 
IS ORGANIZ$ = ! /RUGGLE ON ! \TSIDE1 ! =M] CONSEQU5TLY IS ! 
DISCIPL9E1 ! GREAT] IS ! MORAL C\RAGE NECESS>Y TO DISREG>D IT4 ,9 ! 
,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ?IS DISCIPL9E WAS SO HI<LY DEVELOP$ BECAUSE ! 
MOVEM5T WAS ALWAYS 9 GREAT DANG] FROM A P[]FUL 5EMY & CON/ANTLY UND] 
ATTACK4 ,N[ :5 ?IS DISCIPL9E HAS BECOME A REACTION>Y =CE1 S9CE IT S]VES 
TO BREAK UP ALL OPPOSITION TO FRAT]NAL RELATIONS ) ! B\RGEOISIE1 ! 
EFFECT ( ! OLD CU/OM & S5TIM5T IS /ILL ! SAME4 ,IT WAS UN=TUNATELY 
/ILL SO /RONG ?AT IT WAS ABLE TO KEEP D[N ! OPPOSITION ( ! EXTREME 
LEFT4 ,IT IS CONSEQU5TLY TO BE CONSID]$ ALL ! MORE PRAISEWOR?Y ?AT ONE WAS 
ABLE TO FREE HIMSELF FROM IT4 

,! EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ( ! P>TY HAS ALREADY S5T \T A ?REAT5+ 
W>N+ REG>D+ ?IS 0BREA* ( DISCIPL9E40 ,BUT ?\S&S ( ,SOCIALI/S 9 
ALL C\NTRIES WILL GREET HIS ACT AS AN ACT ( OB$I5CE TO ,SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLE1 
AS ! PRO( ?AT 9 ,G]MANY ALSO A SMALL BEG9N+ IS BE+ MADE 9 OPPOSITION 
TO ! IMP]IALI/IC W>4 ,?\S&S ( WORK+M5 WILL SIDE ) ,LIEBKNE*T2 
WILL GA!R R\ND HIM1 & SO =M ! NUCLEUS ( ! >MY :I*1 :5 ! OLD1 
! WORN-\T1 ! /R5G?LESS1 HAS GONE D[N 9 ! :IRLPOOL ( ! WORLD-W>1 
WILL AGA9 TAKE UP ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ IMP]IALISM4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,G]MAN ,SOCIALISM 9 ! ,W> -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,G]MAN ,SOCIALISM 9 ! ,W> -- ,UPDAT$4 

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