,FROM ,MANAG]IAL ,FEUDALISM TO ! ,REVOLT ( ! ,C>+ ,CLASSES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,GRAEB] 

,TEXT 3 

,I'VE BE5 9 A V]Y BAD MOOD ?IS LA/ WEEK1 [+ TO ! RESULTS ( ! ELECTION 9 ! ,U,K1 & ,I'VE BE5 ?9K+ V]Y H>D AB\T :AT HAPP5$ & H[ TO MA9TA9 HOPE4 

,I DON'T USUALLY USE VISUAL AIDS BUT ,I ACTUALLY ASSEMBL$ !M4 ,& ! ?+-- :AT ,I WANT TO TALK AB\T A LITTLE BIT IS :AT SEEMS TO BE HAPP5+ 9 ! WORLD POLITICALLY ?AT WE HAVE RESULTS LIKE :AT JU/ HAPP5$ 9 ! ,U,K1 & :Y !RE IS NONE!LESS REASON = HOPE1 :I* ,I REALLY ?9K !RE IS4 

,9 A WAY1 ?IS IS V]Y MU* A BLIP1 BUT !RE'S A /RATEGIC LESSON TO BE LE>N$1 ,I ?9K1 SPEAK+ AS SOMEONE :O'S BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ATTEMPTS TO TRANS=M ! WORLD 7AT LEA/ = ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S S9CE ,I WAS 9VOLV$ ) ! ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,MOVEM5T74 ,I ?9K ?AT !RE'S A REAL LACK ( /RATEGIC UND]/&+ AB\T VA/ %IFTS ?AT >E HAPP5+ 9 ! WORLD 9 T]MS ( C5TRAL CLASS DYNAMICS ?AT ! POPULI/ RI<T IS TAK+ ADVANTAGE (1 & ! LEFT IS REALLY BE+ CAU<T FLAT-FOOT$ ON4 ,SO1 ,I WANT TO MAKE A CASE ( :AT SEEMS TO BE GO+ WRONG & :AT WE C\LD DO AB\T IT4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 9 T]MS ( DESPAIR+3 ,I WAS V]Y MU* AT ! PO9T ( DESPAIR+4 ,SO MANY PEOPLE ?AT ,I KN[ PUT SO MU* WORK 9TO TRY+ TO TURN >\ND ! SITUATION4 ,!RE SEEM$ TO BE A G5U9E POSSIBILITY ( A BROAD SOCIAL TRANS=MATION 9 ,5GL&1 BUT :5 WE GOT ! RESULTS1 !RE WAS A K9D ( S5SE ( %OCK4 

,BUT ACTUALLY1 IF Y\ LOOK AT ! BREAKD[N ( ! VOTE1 = EXAMPLE1 IT DOESN'T LOOK TOO GREAT = ! RI<T 9 ! LONG RUN3 BASICALLY1 ! Y\NG] Y\ >E1 ! MORE DET]M9$ Y\ >E TO KICK ! ,TORIES \T4 ,ACTUALLY1 ,I'VE NEV] SE5 NUMB]S QUITE LIKE ?IS4 ,! ELECTORAL BASE ( ! RI<T W+ IS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY OLD1 & ! OLD] Y\ >E1 ! MORE LIKELY Y\ >E TO VOTE CONS]VATIVE4 ,:I* IS REALLY K9D ( AMAZ+1 BECAUSE IT MEANS ?AT ! ELECTORAL BASE ( ! RI<T IS LIT]ALLY DY+ (F1 A PROCESS :I* !Y'RE ACTUALLY EXP$IT+ BY DEFUND+ HEAL?C>E 9 EV]Y WAY POSSIBLE4 ,& NORMALLY Y\'D SAY1 0,OH YES1 SO :AT4 ,AS PEOPLE GET OLD]1 !Y BECOME MORE CONS]VATIVE40 ,BUT !RE'S EV]Y REASON TO ?9K ?AT ?AT'S NOT ACTUALLY HAPP5+ ?IS TIME >\ND1 ESPECIALLY BECAUSE TRADITIONALLY1 PEOPLE :O EI!R HAD BE5 APA!TIC OR HAD VOT$ = ! LEFT :O EV5TUALLY 5D UP VOT+ = ! RI<T DO SO AT ! PO9T :5 !Y GET A MORTGAGE1 OR :5 !Y GET A SORT ( SECURE JOB ) ROOM = PROMOTION & !RE=E FEEL !Y HAVE A /AKE 9 ! SY/EM4 

,WELL1 ?AT'S PRECISELY :AT'S NOT HAPP5+ TO ?IS NEW G5]ATION4 ,SO IF ?AT'S ! CASE1 ! RI<T W+'S ACTUALLY 9 REAL TR\BLE 9 ! LONG RUN4 ,& TO %[ Y\ JU/ H[ REM>KABLE ! SITUATION IS1 SOMEONE PUT TOGE!R A ELECTORAL MAP ( ! ,U,K1 %[+ :AT IT W\LD LOOK LIKE IF ONLY PEOPLE OV] SIXTY-FIVE VOT$1 & :AT IT W\LD LOOK LIKE IF ONLY PEOPLE UND] TW5TY-FIVE VOT$4 

,H]E'S ! FIR/ ONE 7BLUE IS ,TORY73 

,IF ONLY PEOPLE OV] SIXTY-FIVE VOT$1 ,I BELIEVE !RE W\LD BE F\R OR FIVE ,LABOR ,M,PS1 BUT O!RWISE 5TIRELY ,CONS]VATIVE4 

,N[ H]E'S ! MAP IF ONLY PEOPLE UND] TW5TY-FIVE VOT$3 

,!RE W\LD BE NO ,TORY ,M,PS AT ALL4 ,!RE MI<T BE A FEW ,LIB]AL ,DEMS & ,WEL% C&IDATES1 & ,SCOTTI% ONES4 

,& 9 FACT ?IS IS A RELATIVELY REC5T PH5OM5A4 ,IF Y\ LOOK AT ! DIV]G5CE1 Y\ KN[1 IT REALLY IS JU/ ! LA/ FEW YE>S IT />T$ TO LOOK LIKE ?AT4 ,SO SOME?+ HAS HAPP5$ ?AT LIKE ALMO/ ALL Y\NG PEOPLE COM+ 9 >E VOT+ NOT JU/ = ! LEFT BUT = ! RADICAL LEFT4 ,I MEAN1 ,CORBYN RAN ON A PLAT=M ?AT JU/ TWO OR ?REE YE>S BE=E W\LD'VE BE5 CONSID]$ COMPLETELY 9SANE & Y\ KN[1 JU/ FALL+ (F ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM ALTOGE!R4 ,YET ! VA/ MAJORITY ( Y\NG PEOPLE VOT$ = IT4 

,! PROBLEM IS ?AT 9 A SITUATION LIKE ?IS1 ! SW+ VOT]S >E MIDDLE-AG$ PEOPLE1 & = SOME REASON1 MIDDLE-AG$ PEOPLE BROKE RI<T4 ,! QUE/ION IS3 :Y DID ?AT HAPP58 ,I'VE BE5 TRY+ TO FIGURE ?AT \T4 

,N[1 9 ORD] TO DO SO ,I ?9K WE NE$ TO REALLY ?9K H>D AB\T :AT HAS BE5 HAPP5+ TO SOCIAL CLASS RELATIONS4 ,! CONCLUSION ?AT ,I CAME TO IS ?AT ESS5TIALLY1 ! LEFT IS APPLY+ AN \TDAT$ P>ADIGM3 !Y'RE /ILL ?9K+ 9 T]MS ( BOSSES & WORK]S 9 A K9D ( OLD-FA%ION$ 9DU/RIAL S5SE1 :5 :AT'S REALLY GO+ ON IS ?AT = MO/ PEOPLE ! KEY CLASS OPPOSITION IS C>EGIV]S V]SUS MANAG]S4 ,LEFTI/ P>TIES >E TRY+ TO REPRES5T BO? SIDES AT ! SAME TIME1 BUT !Y'RE REALLY DOM9AT$ BY ! LATT]4 

,N[1 ,I'M GO+ TO GO ?R\< SOME BASIC POLITICAL ECONOMY /UFF BY WAY ( BACKGR\ND4 ,?IS IS A KEY /ATI/IC1 :I* IS ! K9D ( ?+ WE W]E LOOK+ AT :5 WE FIR/ />T$ TALK+ AB\T ! #i#i.0 & ! #a.0 AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,OCCUPY ,WALL ,/REET3 ESS5TIALLY1 UNTIL ! MID-#gS1 !RE WAS A SORT ( UND]/&+ 7BETWE5 #aide & #a#i#g#e1 SAY7 ?AT AS PRODUCTIVITY 9CREASES1 WAGES WILL GO UP1 TOO4 ,& !Y L>GELY W5T UP TOGE!R4 ,?IS ONLY TAKES IT FROM #a#i#f1 BUT IT GOES BACK TO ! #dS4 ,AS PRODUCTIVITY W5T UP1 A CUT ( ?AT W5T TO ! WORK]S4 ,>\ND #aige OR SO1 IT SPLIT4 ,& S9CE !N1 IF Y\ SEE :AT'S GO+ ON H]E1 PRODUCTIVITY KEEPS GO+ UP1 :]EAS WAGES REMA9 FLAT4 

,SO1 ! QUE/ION IS3 :AT HAPP5S TO ALL ?AT MONEY FROM ! 9CREAS$ PRODUCTIVITY8 ,BASICALLY1 IT GOES TO #a.0 ( ! POPULATION1 & ?AT'S :AT WE W]E TALK+ AB\T :5 WE TALK$ AB\T ! #a.04 ,! O!R PO9T :I* WAS KEY TO ! NOTION ( ! #ii & #a.0 WAS ?AT ! #a.0 >E ALSO ! PEOPLE :O MAKE ALL ! POLITICAL CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS4 ,!SE /ATI/ICS >E FROM ,AM]ICA1 :I* HAS AN UNUSUALLY CORRUPT SY/EM 7BRIB]Y IS BASICALLY LEGAL 9 ,AM]ICA74 ,BUT ESS5TIALLY1 IT'S ! SAME PEOPLE :O HAVE COLLECT$ ALL ( ! PR(ITS FROM 9CREAS$ PRODUCTIVITY & WEAL? :O >E MAK+ ALL ! CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS4 ,& ESS5TIALLY1 !Y'RE ! PEOPLE :O MANAG$ TO TURN !IR WEAL? 9TO P[] & !IR P[] BACK 9TO WEAL?4 

,SO1 :O >E !SE PEOPLE1 & H[ DOES ?IS RELATE TO *ANGES 9 ! WORK=CE8 

,WELL1 ! 9T]E/+ ?+ ?AT ,I DISCOV]$ :5 ,I />T$ LOOK+ 9TO ?IS IS ?AT ! RHETORIC WE US$ TO DESCRIBE ! *ANGES 9 CLASS /RUCTURE S9CE ! #gS IS REALLY DECEPTIVE4 ,BECAUSE REALLY1 S9CE ! #hS1 EV]YBODY'S BE5 TALK+ AB\T ! S]VICE ECONOMY1 ?AT WE'RE %IFT+ FROM AN 9DU/RIAL TO A S]VICE ECONOMY4 ,! IMAGE ?AT PEOPLE HAVE IS ?AT WE'VE ALL GONE FROM BE+ FACTORY WORK]S TO S]V+ EA* O!R LATTES1 PRESS+ EA* O!R'S TR\S]S & SO =?4 ,BUT IF Y\ LOOK AT ! ACTUAL NUMB]S ( PEOPLE 9 RETAIL1 PEOPLE :O'RE ACTUALLY S]V+ FOOD 7,I DON'T HAVE A DETAIL$ BREAKD[N H]E71 !Y REMA9 PRETTY MU* CON/ANT4 

,9 FACT1 ,I'VE SE5 FIGURES GO+ BACK #ae YE>S :I* %[ ?AT IT'S PRETTY MU* #a#e.0 ( ! POPULATION ?AT DOES ?AT SORT ( ?+4 ,IT HAS BE5 = OV] A C5TURY4 ,IT DOESN'T REALLY *ANGE4 ,IT GOES UP & D[N A LITTLE BIT4 ,BUT BASICALLY1 ! AM\NT ( PEOPLE :O'RE ACTUALLY PROVID+ S]VICES--HAIRCUTS1 ?+S LIKE ?AT--IS PRETTY MU* ! SAME AS IT'S ALWAYS BE54 

,:AT'S ACTUALLY HAPP5$ IS ?AT Y\'VE HAD A GR[? ( TWO >EAS4 ,ONE IS PROVID+1 :AT ,I W\LD CALL C>EGIV+ WORK -- ,I W\LD 9CLUDE $UCATION & HEAL? 9 IT1 BUT BASICALLY IT'S TAK+ C>E ( O!R PEOPLE 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R 7Y\ HAVE TO LOOK AT $UCATION & HEAL? BECAUSE !Y DON'T REALLY HAVE A CATEGORY ( C>EGIV+ 9 ECONOMIC /ATI/ICS74 ,ON ! O!R H& Y\ HAVE ADM9I/RATION1 & ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O'RE DO+ CL]ICAL1 ADM9I/RATIVE1 & SUP]VISORY WORK HAS GONE UP 5ORM\SLY4 ,ACCORD+ TO SOME ACC\NTS1 IT'S GONE UP FROM MAYBE #b.0 ( ! POPULATION 91 SAY1 ! ,U,K OR ,AM]ICA 9 #ai TO #d1 #e1 #f.0 -- ,I MEAN EV5 A MAJORITY ( WORK]S4 

,N[1 ! 9T]E/+ ?+ AB\T ?AT IS ?AT HUGE NUMB]S ( ?OSE PEOPLE SEEM TO BE CONV9C$ ?AT !Y REALLY >5'T DO+ ANY?+1 ?AT IF !IR JOBS DIDN'T EXI/ IT W\LD MAKE NO DIFF]5CE AT ALL4 ,IT'S ALMO/ AS IF !Y W]E JU/ MAK+ UP JOBS 9 (FICES TO KEEP PEOPLE BUSY4 ,& ?IS WAS ! !ME ( ! BOOK ,I WROTE ON BULL%IT JOBS4 

,JU/ TO DESCRIBE ! G5ESIS ( ?AT BOOK3 ,I DON'T COME FROM A PR(ESSIONAL BACKGR\ND MYSELF1 BUT AS A PR(ESSOR1 ,I CON/ANTLY MEET ! SORT ( PEOPLE Y\ MEET :5 Y\'RE SOCIALIZ+ ) PEOPLE ) PR(ESSIONAL BACKGR\NDS4 ,I KEEP RUNN+ 9TO PEOPLE AT P>TIES :O WORK 9 (FICES & :5 ,I ASK1 0,WELL :AT DO Y\ ACTUALLY DO8 ,I MEAN1 :AT DOES A P]SON :O IS A MANAGEM5T CONSULTANT1 Y\ KN[1 ACTUALLY DO ALL DAY80 

,&1 V]Y (T5 !Y WILL SAY1 0,WELL1 NOT MU*40 

,OR Y\ ASK PEOPLE--Y\'LL SAY1 0,I AM AN AN?ROPOLOGI/1 :AT DO Y\ DO80 & !Y'LL SAY1 0,WELL1 NO?+ REALLY40 

,& Y\ KN[1 Y\ ?9K !Y'RE JU/ BE+ MODE/4 ,SO1 Y\ K9D ( 9T]ROGATE !M1 & A FEW DR9KS LAT]1 !Y ADMIT ?AT !Y MEANT IT LIT]ALLY4 ,!Y ACTUALLY DO NO?+ ALL DAY4 ,Y\ KN[1 !Y SIT >\ND & !Y ADJU/ !IR ,FACEBOOK PR(ILES4 ,!Y PLAY COMPUT] GAMES4 ,SOMETIMES !Y'LL TAKE A C\PLE CALLS A DAY4 ,SOMETIMES !Y'LL TAKE A C\PLE CALLS A WEEK4 ,SOMETIMES !Y'RE JU/ !RE 9 CASE SOME?+ GOES WRONG4 ,SOMETIMES !Y JU/ DON'T DO ANY?+ AT ALL4 ,:5 Y\ ASK1 0,WELL1 DOES Y\R SUP]VISOR KN[ ?IS801 !Y SAY1 0,Y\ KN[1 ,I (T5 WOND]4 ,I ?9K !Y DO40 

,SO ,I BEGAN TO WOND]1 H[ MANY PEOPLE >E !RE LIKE ?IS8 ,IS ?IS SOME WEIRD CO9CID5CE ?AT ,I JU/ HAPP5 TO RUN 9TO PEOPLE LIKE ?IS ALL ! TIME8 ,:AT SECTION ( ! WORK=CE IS ACTUALLY DO+ NO?+ ALL DAY8 

,SO ,I WROTE A LITTLE >TICLE4 ,I HAD A FRI5D :O WAS />T+ A RADICAL MAGAZ9E1 :O SAID1 0,CAN Y\ WRITE SOME?+ PROVOCATIVE8 ,Y\ KN[1 SOME?+ Y\'D NEV] BE ABLE TO GET PUBLI%$ ELSE:]E80 ,SO ,I WROTE A LITTLE PIECE CALL$ ,ON ! ,PH5OM5ON ( ,BULL%IT ,JOBS1 9 :I* ,I SUGGE/$ ?AT BACK 9 ! #cS1 ,KEYNES WROTE ?IS FAM\S ESSAY PR$ICT+ ?AT BY >\ND N[ WE W\LD ALL BE WORK+ FIFTE5-H\R WEEKS BECAUSE AUTOMATION W\LD GET RID ( MO/ MANUAL LABOR4 ,IF Y\ LOOK AT ! JOBS ?AT EXI/$ 9 ! #cS1 ?AT'S TRUE4 

,SO ,I SAID1 WELL1 MAYBE :AT'S HAPP5$ IS ! REASON WE'RE NOT WORK+ FIFTE5-H\R WEEKS IS ?AT !Y JU/ MADE UP BULL%IT JOBS1 JU/ TO KEEP US ALL WORK+4 ,I WROTE ?IS PIECE AS K9D ( A JOKE1 BUT )9 A WEEK1 ?IS ?+ HAD BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO FIFTE5 DIFF]5T LANGUAGES4 ,IT WAS CIRCULAT+ >\ND ! WORLD4 ,! S]V] KEPT CRA%+1 IT WAS GETT+ MILLIONS ( HITS4 ,& ,I WAS LIKE OH MY GOD1 Y\ MEAN IT'S TRUE8 ,& EV5TUALLY SOMEONE DID A SURVEY4 ,Y\,GOV1 ,I ?9K4 ,& !Y DISCOV]$ ?AT ( PEOPLE 9 ! ,U,K1 #c#g.0 AGRE$ ?AT IF !IR JOB DIDN'T EXI/1 IT W\LD EI!R MAKE NO DIFF]5CE :ATSOEV] OR ! WORLD MI<T BE A SLI<TLY BETT] PLACE4 

,I ?\<T AB\T ?AT3 :AT MU/ ?AT DO TO ! HUMAN S\L8 ,CAN Y\ IMAG9E WAK+ UP EV]Y MORN+ & GO+ TO WORK ?9K+ ?AT Y\'RE DO+ ABSOLUTELY NO?+8 ,NO WOND] PEOPLE >E ANGRY & DEPRESS$4 

,& ,I ?\<T AB\T IT & Y\ KN[1 IT EXPLA9S A LOT ( SOCIAL PH5OM5A IF PEOPLE >E JU/ PRET5D+ TO WORK ALL DAY4 ,& Y\ KN[1 IT ACTUALLY REALLY T\*$ ME4 ,& IT'S /RANGE BECAUSE ,I COME FROM A WORK+ CLASS BACKGR\ND MYSELF1 SO Y\'D ?9K ?AT1 Y\ KN[1 OH GREAT1 SO LOTS ( PEOPLE >E PAID TO DO NO?+ ALL DAY & GET GOOD SAL>IES4 ,LIKE1 MY HE>T BLE$S1 Y\ KN[8 

,BUT IF Y\ ?9K AB\T IT1 IT'S ACTUALLY A HORRIBLE SITUATION BECAUSE1 AS ANYONE :O HAS HAD A 'REAL' JOB KN[S1 ! V]Y WOR/ P>T ( ANY 'REAL' JOB IS :5 Y\ F9I% ! JOB BUT Y\ HAVE TO KEEP WORK+ BECAUSE Y\R BOSS WILL GET MAD4 ,Y\ HAVE TO PRET5D TO WORK BECAUSE IT'S SOMEBODY ELSE'S TIME 7IT'S A V]Y /RANGE METAPHYSICAL NOTION WE HAVE 9 \R SOCIETY ?AT SOMEONE ELSE CAN [N Y\R TIME74 ,S9CE Y\'RE ON ! CLOCK1 Y\ HAVE TO KEEP WORK+ OR PRET5D TO BE3 Y\ MAKE UP SOME?+ TO LOOK BUSY4 

,WELL1 APP>5TLY1 = AT LEA/ A ?IRD ( PEOPLE 9 \R SOCIETY1 ?AT'S ALL !Y DO4 ,!IR 5TIRE JOB CONSI/S ( JU/ LOOK+ BUSY TO MAKE SOMEBODY ELSE HAPPY4 

,?AT MU/ BE HORRIBLE4 

,BUT IT MADE A LOT ( POLITICAL S5SE4 ,:Y IS IT ?AT PEOPLE SEEM TO RES5T TEA*]S OR AUTO WORK]S8 ,AFT] ! #bh CRA%1 ! PEOPLE :O REALLY HAD TO TAKE A HIT W]E TEA*]S & AUTO WORK]S4 ,!RE W]E A LOT ( PEOPLE SAY+1 0,WELL1 !SE GUYS >E MAK+ TW5TY-FIVE DOLL>S AN H\R1 Y\ KN[80 ,WELL YEAH4 ,?AT'S444!Y'RE PROVID+ A USEFUL S]VICE--!Y'RE MAK+ C>S4 ,Y\'RE ,AM]ICAN1 Y\'RE SUPPOS$ TO LIKE C>S4 ,Y\ KN[1 C>S IS :AT MAKES Y\ :AT Y\ >E IF Y\'RE ,AM]ICAN4 ,H[ W\LD !Y RES5T AUTO WORK]S8 

,I REALIZ$ ?AT IT ONLY MAKES S5SE IF !RE >E HUGE PROPORTIONS ( ! POPULATION :O >5'T DO+ ANY?+1 :O >E TOTALLY MIS]ABLE & >E BASICALLY SAY+3 0,Y\ GET TO TEA* KIDS4 ,Y\ GET TO MAKE /UFF4 ,Y\ GET TO MAKE C>S4 ,& !N Y\ WANT VACATIONS TOO8 ,?AT'S NOT FAIR04 ,IT'S ALMO/ AS IF ! SUFF]+ ?AT Y\ EXP]I5CE DO+ NO?+ ALL DAY IS ITSELF A SORT ( VALIDATION1 A K9D ( HAIR %IRT ?AT JU/IFIES Y\R SAL>Y4 ,I TRULY HE> PEOPLE SAY+ ?IS LOGIC ALL ! TIME ?AT1 WELL1 TEA*]S GET TO TEA* KIDS4 ,Y\ DON'T WANT PEOPLE TO PAY 'EM TOO MU* -- Y\ DON'T WANT PEOPLE :O'RE JU/ 9T]E/$ 9 MONEY TAK+ C>E ( \R KIDS1 DO WE8 ,:I* IS ODD1 BECAUSE Y\ NEV] HE> PEOPLE SAY ?AT Y\ NEV] WANT PEOPLE :O >E JU/ 9T]E/$ 9 MONEY TAK+ C>E ( \R MONEY1 SO !RE=E Y\ %\LDN'T PAY BANK]S SO MU* 7?\< Y\'D ?9K ?AT W\LD BE A MORE S]I\S PROBLEM1 RI<T874 

,SO !RE IS ?IS IDEA ?AT IF Y\'RE DO+ SOME?+ ?AT ACTUALLY S]VES A PURPOSE1 ?AT %\LD SOMEH[ BE 5\<3 Y\ %\LDN'T GET A LOT ( MONEY = IT4 

,SO1 AS A RESULT ( ?IS1 !RE IS ACTUALLY AN 9V]SE RELATION%IP 7,I HAVE SE5 ECONOMIC CONFIRMATION ( ?IS7 BETWE5 H[ SOCIALLY B5EFICIAL Y\R WORK IS--H[ OBVI\SLY Y\R WORK B5EFITS O!R PEOPLE--& H[ MU* Y\ GET PAID4 ,!RE'S A FEW EXCEPTIONS1 LIKE DOCTORS1 :I* EV]YBODY TALKS AB\T1 BUT G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 ! MORE USEFUL Y\R WORK1 ! LESS !Y'LL PAY Y\ = IT4 

,N[1 ?IS IS OBVI\SLY A BIG PROBLEM ALREADY1 BUT !RE'S EV]Y REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! PROBLEM IS ACTUALLY GETT+ WORSE4 ,REMEMB]1 ! BIG GR[? 9 JOBS OV] ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S HAS BE5 9 TWO >EAS1 :I* >E COLLAPS$ 9 ! T]M 0S]VICE0 BUT >E REALLY TOTALLY DIFF]5T3 ONE IS ! SORT ( ADM9I/RATIVE1 CL]ICAL & SUP]VISORY WORK1 & ! O!R IS C>EGIV+ LABOR1 ! WORK :]E Y\'RE ACTUALLY HELP+ PEOPLE 9 SOME WAY4 ,SO1 $UCATION & HEAL? >E ! TWO >EAS :I* %[ UP ON ! /ATI/ICS4 

,IF Y\ LOOK AT !SE /ATI/ICS1 Y\ DISCOV] ?AT PRODUCTIVITY 9 MANUFACTUR+1 AS WE ALL KN[1 IS GO+ UP4 ,PRODUCTIVITY 9 C]TA9 O!R >EAS--:OLESALE1 BUS9ESS IS GO+ UP4 ,H[EV]1 PRODUCTIVITY 9 $UCATION1 HEAL?1 & O!R S]VICES--C>EGIV+ 9 G5]AL1 9S(> AS IT %[S UP ON ! *>TS--PRODUCTIVITY'S ACTUALLY GO+ D[N4 

,:Y IS ?AT8 ,WE'LL TALK 9 A MOM5T AB\T :AT PRODUCTIVITY ACTUALLY EV5 MEANS 9 ?IS CONTEXT1 BUT H]E'S A SUGGE/ION AS TO :Y3 

,?IS IS ! GR[? ( PHYSICIANS V]SUS ! GR[? ( ACTUAL M$ICAL ADM9I/RATORS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES S9CE #a#i#g4 ,IT'S A FAIRLY IMPRESSIVE-LOOK+ GRAPH !RE4 ,BASICALLY1 ?AT GIANT M\NTA9 IS :AT ,I CALL$ ! BULL%IT SECTOR4 ,!RE'S ABSOLUTELY NO REASON :Y Y\'D ACTUALLY NE$ ?AT MANY PEOPLE TO ADM9I/] DOCTORS4 

,! REAL EFFECT ( HAV+ ALL ?OSE PEOPLE IS TO MAKE ! DOCTORS & ! NURSES LESS EFFICI5T RA!R ?AN MORE4 ,I KN[ ?IS P]FECTLY WELL FROM $UCATION1 BECAUSE ,I'M A PR(ESSOR2 ?AT'S :AT ,I DO = A LIV+4 ,! AM\NT ( ADM9I/RATIVE PAP]WORK Y\ HAVE TO DO ACTUALLY 9CREASES ) ! NUMB] ( ADM9I/RATORS4 ,OV] ! LA/ ?IRTY TO =TY YE>S1 SOME?+ SIMIL> HAS HAPP5$ 9 ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITIES4 ,IT ISN'T QUITE AS BAD AS ?IS1 BUT ! NUMB] ( PR(ESSORS HAS D\BL$ :ILE ! NUMB] ( ACTUAL ADM9I/RATORS HAS GONE UP BY #b#d-#c.04 ,SO444HOLD ON1 MORE ?AN ?AT1 ACTUALLY4 ,SUDD5LY1 Y\ HAVE TWICE AS MANY ADM9I/RATORS = PR(ESSORS AS Y\ HAD BE=E4 

,N[1 Y\ W\LD ?9K ?AT ?AT W\LD MEAN ?AT PR(ESSORS HAVE TO DO LESS ADM9I/RATION BECAUSE Y\ HAVE MORE ADM9I/RATORS4 ,EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE IS ! CASE3 MORE & MORE ( Y\R TIME IS TAK5 UP BY ADM9I/RATION4 

,:Y IS ?AT8 ,! MAJOR REASON IS BECAUSE IF Y\ >E HIR$ AS EXECUTIVE VICE PROVO/ OR ASSI/ANT DEAN1 SOME BIG %OT ADM9I/RATIVE POSITION AT A ,BRITI% OR ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITY1 Y\ WANT TO FEEL LIKE AN EXECUTIVE4 ,Y\ GET A GIANT SIX-FIGURE SAL>Y & Y\ GET TREAT$ LIKE AN EXECUTIVE4 ,SO IF Y\'RE AN EXECUTIVE1 ( C\RSE1 Y\ HAVE TO HAVE A M9OR >MY ( FLUNKIES & ASSI/ANTS TO MAKE Y\RSELF FEEL IMPORTANT4 

,! PROBLEM IS !Y GIVE !SE GUYS FIVE OR SIX ASSI/ANTS1 BUT !N !Y NE$ TO FIGURE \T :AT ?OSE FIVE OR SIX ASSI/ANTS >E ACTUALLY GO+ TO DO1 :I* USUALLY TURNS \T TO BE MAK+ UP WORK = ME1 ! PR(ESSOR4 ,SUDD5LY1 ,I HAVE TO DO TIME ALLOCATION /UDIES1 LE>N+ \TCOME ASSESSM5TS :]E ,I DESCRIBE :AT ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! UND]GRADUATE & GRADUATE SECTION ( ! SAME C\RSE IS GO+ TO BE4 ,IT'S COMPLETELY PO9TLESS /UFF ?AT NOBODY HAD TO DO ?IRTY YE>S AGO & MADE NO DIFF]5CE AT ALL1 ALL 9 ORD] TO JU/IFY ! EXI/5CE ( ?IS K9D ( M\NTA9 ( ADM9I/RATORS & JU/ GIVE !M SOME?+ TO DO ALL DAY4 

,N[1 ! 9T]E/+ RESULT ( ?AT IS ?AT444& ?IS IS :]E ?IS SORT ( /UFF COMES 94 ,IT'S ACTUALLY444! NUMB]S >E !RE1 BUT IT'S V]Y1 V]Y DIFFICULT TO 9T]PRET4 ,SO ,I HAD TO ACTUALLY GET AN ECONOMI/ FRI5D TO SORT ( GO ?R\< ALL ?IS ) ME & CONFIRM ?AT :AT ,I ?\<T WAS HAPP5+ WAS ACTUALLY HAPP5+4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 :AT'S GO+ ON IS JU/ AS MANUFACTUR+1 DIGITIZATION IS BE+ EMPLOY$ TO MAKE IT MU* MORE EFFICI5T4 ,PRODUCTIVITY GOES UP1 ! NUMB] ( WORK]S GOES D[N4 ,! WAGES >E ACTUALLY GO+ UP 9 MANUFACTUR+1 BUT IT DOESN'T REALLY MAKE A D5T 9 PR(ITS BECAUSE !RE >E SO FEW WORK]S4 ,?IS WE ALL KN[ AB\T4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! EXACT OPPOSITE HAS HAPP5$ 9 ! C>+ SECTOR4 ,DIGITIZATION IS BE+ US$ AS AN EXCUSE TO MAKE L[] PRODUCTIVITY1 SO AS TO JU/IFY ! EXI/5CE ( ?IS >MY ( ADM9I/RATORS4 

,& IF Y\ ?9K AB\T IT1 9 ORD] TO TRANSLATE A QUALITATIVE \TCOME 9TO A =M ?AT A COMPUT] CAN EV5 UND]/&1 ?AT REQUIRES A L>GE AM\NT ( HUMAN LABOR4 ,?AT'S :Y ,I HAVE TO DO ! LE>N+ \TCOME /UDIES & ! TIME ALLOCATION /UFF1 RI<T4 ,BUT REALLY1 ULTIMATELY ?AT'S TO JU/IFY ! EXI/5CE ( ?IS GIANT >MY ( ADM9I/RATORS4 

,N[1 AS A RESULT ( ?AT1 Y\ NE$ TO HAVE ACTUALLY MORE PEOPLE WORK+ 9 ?OSE SECTORS TO PRODUCE ! SAME \TCOME1 BECAUSE !Y'RE BECOM+ LESS & LESS PRODUCTIVE4 ,MORE & MORE ( Y\R TIME HAS TO BE SP5T444 ,OH1 YES4 ,?IS IS :AT ! AV]AGE COMPANY N[ LOOKS LIKE4 ,MORE & MORE ( Y\R TIME 5DS UP BE+ SP5T SORT ( MAK+ ! ADM9I/RATORS HAPPY & GIV+ !M AN EXCUSE = !IR EXI/5CE4 

,?IS IS A BREAKD[N ,I SAW 9 A REPORT AB\T ,AM]ICAN (FICE WORK]S1 :]E !Y COMP>$ #bae & #baf & SAID Y\ KN[1 9 #bae ONLY #d#f.0 ( !IR TIME WAS SP5T ACTUALLY DO+ !IR JOB4 ,?AT DECL9$ BY #g.0 9 ONE YE>1 TO #c#i.04 ,?AT'S GOT TO BE SOME K9D ( /ATI/ICAL ANOMALY4 ,BECAUSE IF ?AT W]E ACTUALLY TRUE1 9 AB\T A DECADE & A HALF1 NOBODY WILL BE DO+ ANY WORK AT ALL4 ,BUT IT GIVES Y\ AN IDEA ( :AT'S HAPP5+4 

,SO1 IF PRODUCTIVITY IS GO+ D[N !SE PEOPLE >E JU/ SORT ( WORK+ ALL ! TIME TO SATISFY ! ADM9I/RATORS1 ! CREATION ( BULL%IT JOBS ESS5TIALLY CREATES ! BULL%ITIZATION ( REAL JOBS4 ,!RE'S BO? A SQUEEZE ON PR(ITS & WAGES1 BECAUSE MORE & MORE MONEY IS GO+ TO PAY ! ADM9I/RATORS4 ,& Y\ NE$ TO HIRE MORE & MORE PEOPLE4 

,:AT DO Y\ GET8 ,WELL1 IF Y\ LOOK >\ND ! WORLD1 :]E IS LABOR ACTION HAPP5+8 ,BASICALLY1 Y\ HAVE TEA*]S /RIKES ALL OV] ,AM]ICA4 ,Y\ HAVE PR(ESSOR /RIKES 9 ! ,U,K4 ,Y\ HAVE C>E HOME WORK]S1 ,I BELIEVE1 9 ,FRANCE4 ,!Y HAD NURS+ HOME WORK]S1 FIR/ TIME EV] ON /RIKE4 ,NURSE'S /RIKES ALL OV] ! WORLD4 ,C>EGIV]S >E AT ! CUTT+ $GE ( 9DU/RIAL ACTION4 

,! PROBLEM1 ( C\RSE1 & ?IS IS ! PROBLEM = ! LEFT1 IS ?AT ! ADM9I/RATORS :O >E ! BASIC CLASS 5EMY ( ! NURSES--& ,I BELIEVE 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 ! NURSES WROTE A V]Y CLE> MANIFE/O /AT+ ?IS4 ,!Y SAID Y\ KN[1 ! PROBLEM WE HAVE IS ?AT !RE'S ALL ( !SE HOSPITAL ADM9I/RATORS :O >E NOT ONLY TAK+ ALL ! MONEY SO WE HAV5'T GOT A RAISE 9 TW5TY YE>S1 !Y GIVE US SO MU* PAP]WORK WE CAN'T TAKE C>E ( \R PATI5TS4 ,SO ?AT IS ! SORT ( CLASS 5EMY ( :AT ,I CALL ! C>+ CLASSES4 

,! PROBLEM = ! LEFT IS ?AT (T5 ?OSE GUYS >E 9 ! SAME UNION4 ,& !Y'RE C]TA9LY 9 ! SAME POLITICAL P>TY4 ,TOM ,FRANK WROTE A BOOK CALL$ ,LI/51 ,LIB]AL1 :]E HE DOCUM5T$ :AT A LOT ( US HAD K9D ( HAD A S5SE ( 9TUITIVELY = SOME TIME1 ?AT :AT US$ TO BE LEFT W+ P>TIES -- ! ,CL9TONITE ,DEMOCRATS1 ! ,BLAIRITE ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ,MACRON1 ,TRUDEAU -- ALL ( !SE GUYS1 AT ESS5TIALLY ! HEAD ( P>TIES ?AT US$ TO BE P>TIES BAS$ 9 LABOR UNIONS & ! WORK+ CLASSES1 & BY EXT5SION ! C>+ CLASSES AS ,I CALL !M4 ,BUT HAVE %IFT$ TO ESS5TIALLY BE ! P>TIES ( ! PR(ESSIONAL MANAG]IAL CLASSES4 ,SO ESS5TIALLY1 !Y >E ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ?AT GIANT M\NTA9 ( ADM9I/RATORS4 ,?AT IS !IR CORE BASE4 

,I EV5 CAU<T A QUOTE FROM ,OBAMA :]E HE PRETTY MU* ADMITT$ IT1 :]E HE SAID1 0,:ILE PEOPLE ASK ME :Y WE DON'T HAVE A S+LE PAY] HEAL? PLAN 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,W\LDN'T ?AT BE SIMPL]8 ,W\LDN'T ?AT BE MORE EFFICI5T80 ,& HE SAID1 0,Y\ KN[1 WELL444YEAH1 ,I GUESS IT W\LD4 ,BUT ?AT'S K9D ( ! PROBLEM4 ,WE HAVE AT ! MOM5T :AT IS IT TWO1 ?REE MILLION PEOPLE WORK+ = ,KAIS]1 ,BLUE ,CROSS1 ,BLUE ,%IELD1 ALL !SE 9SURANCE COMPANIES4 ,:AT >E WE GO+ TO DO ) ?OSE GUYS IF WE HAVE AN EFFICI5T SY/EM80 

,ESS5TIALLY1 HE ADMITT$ ?AT IT IS 9T5TIONAL POLICY TO MA9TA9 ! M>KETIZATION ( HEAL? 9 ,AM]ICA BECAUSE IT'S LESS EFFICI5T & ALL[S !M TO MA9TA9 A BUN* ( PAP]-PU%]S 9 (FICES DO+ COMPLETELY UNNECESS>Y WORK1 :O >E ESS5TIALLY ! CORE BASE ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 ,!Y DON'T REALLY C>E IF !Y %UT D[N AUTO PLANTS1 DO !Y8 ,9 FACT1 !Y SEEM TO TAKE ?IS GLEE 9 IT4 ,!Y SAY1 0,WELL Y\ KN[1 ECONOMY'S *ANG+1 Y\ JU/ GOTTA DEAL ) IT40 ,BUT ! MOM5T ?OSE GUYS 9 ! (FICES :O'RE DO+ NO?+ >E ?REAT5$1 ! POLITICAL P>TIES LEAP 9TO ACTION & GET ALL EXCIT$4 

,SO1 IF Y\ LOOK AT :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,5GL&1 IT'S PRETTY CLE> ?AT ! ,CONS]VATIVES WON BECAUSE !Y MANEUV]$ ! LEFT 9TO ID5TIFY+ ITSELF ) ! PR(ESSIONAL MANAG]IAL CLASSES4 

,!RE IS A SPLIT BETWE5 ! SORT ( LABOR UNION BASE--:I* IS 9CREAS+LY UNIONS REPRES5T+ V]Y MILITANT C>]S ( ONE K9D OR ANO!R-& ! PR(ESSIONALS1 MANAG]IALS & ! ADM9I/RATORS1 BO? ( :OM >E SUPPOS$LY REPRES5T$ BY ! SAME P>TY4 

,N[1 ,BREXIT WAS A P]FECT ISSUE TO MAKE ! BUREAUCRATS & ! ADM9I/RATORS & ! PR(ESSIONALS 9TO ! CLASS 5EMY4 ,N[1 IT'S V]Y IRONIC BECAUSE ( C\RSE1 9 ! LONG RUN1 ! PEOPLE :O'RE REALLY GO+ TO B5EFIT FROM ,BREXIT >E PRECISELY LAWY]S1 BECAUSE !Y GOT TO REWRITE EV]Y?+ 9 ,5GL&4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS NOT H[ IT WAS REPRES5T$4 ,BESIDES ! OBVI\S APPEAL TO RACISM1 IT WAS REPRES5T$ AS 0Y\R 5EMIES >E !SE DI/ANT BUREAUCRATS :O KN[ NO?+ ( Y\R LIVES04 

,:]E ESS5TIALLY ! ,TORIES MANAG$ TO \TMANEUV] ,LABOR & GU>ANTEE !IR VICTORY WAS PRECISELY BY =C+ ,LABOR 9TO AN ALLIANCE ) ALL ! PEOPLE LIKE ! ,LIB]AL ,DEMOCRATS & ! O!R ,REMA9]S1 :O !N US$ ?IS 9CR$IBLY COMPLICAT$ CON/ITUTIONAL MEANS TO TRY TO BLOCK ,BREXIT FROM HAPP5+4 ,IT WAS FUN TO WAT* AT ! TIME ON ,T,V4 ,WE W]E ALL TRANSFIX$ ) ALL !SE GUYS 9 WIGS & /RANGE PEOPLE CALL$ ,BLACK ,ROD & Y\ KN[4449 ODD CO/UMES1 APPEAL+ TO ALL SORTS ( >CANE RULES FROM ! #a#f? C5TURY4 ,IT WAS LIKE A GREAT CO/UME DRAMA COME TO LIFE ON TELEVISION4 

,IT SEEM$ LIKE ,BORIS ,JOHNSON WAS JU/ BE+ CON/ANTLY HUMILIAT$4 ,EV]Y?+ HE DID DIDN'T WORK4 ,HIS PLANS COLLAPS$4 ,HE LO/ EV]Y VOTE HE TRI$4 ,BUT 9 FACT1 :AT IT 5D$ UP DO+ WAS IT =C$ :AT WAS ACTUALLY A RADICAL P>TY :I* REPRES5T$ ! ,U,K'S ANGRY Y\? 9TO AN ALLIANCE ) ! PR(ESSIONAL-MANAG]IALS :O LIVE BY RULES1 :OSE 5TIRE IDEA ( DEMOCRACY IS ( A SET ( RULES4 

,?IS IS V]Y CLE> 9 ,AM]ICA3 Y\ C\LD SEE IT 9 ! BATTLE ( ,TRUMP V]SUS ,HILL>Y ,CL9TON4 ,CL9TON WAS ESS5TIALLY ACCUS$ ( BE+ CORRUPT BECAUSE %E W\LD GET HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( DOLL>S = SPEE*ES FROM 9VE/M5T FIRMS LIKE ,GOLDMAN ,SA*S 7:O OBVI\SLY >5'T PAY+ POLITICIANS ?AT K9D ( MONEY UNLESS !Y EXPECT TO GET SOME K9D ( 9FLU5CE \T ( IT74 ,& CON/ANTLY1 ,CL9TON'S DEF5D]S W\LD SAY1 0,YES1 BUT ?AT WAS P]FECTLY LEGAL4 ,EV]Y?+ %E DID WAS LEGAL4 ,:Y >E PEOPLE GETT+ SO UPSET8 ,%E DIDN'T BREAK ! LAW40 

,I ?9K ?AT IF Y\ WANT TO UND]/& CLASS DYNAMICS 9 A C\NTRY LIKE ,5GL& OR ,AM]ICA TODAY1 ?AT PHRASE ALMO/ K9D ( GIVES ! GAME AWAY4 ,BECAUSE PEOPLE ( ! PR(ESSIONAL MANAG]IAL CLASSES >E PROBABLY ! ONLY PEOPLE ALIVE :O ?9K ?AT IF Y\ MAKE BRIB]Y LEGAL1 ?AT MAKES IT OKAY4 ,IT'S ALL AB\T =M AGA9/ CONT5T4 ,DEMOCRACY ISN'T ! POPUL> WILL1 DEMOCRACY IS A SET ( RULES & REGULATIONS & IF Y\ FOLL[ ! RULES & REGULATIONS1 WELL1 Y\ KN[1 YEAH ?AT'S F9E NO MATT]4 ,!SE GUYS1 ?IS M\NTA9 ( ADM9I/RATORS >E ! PEOPLE :O ?9K ?AT WAY4 ,& !Y'VE BECOME ! ELECTORAL BASE ( PEOPLE LIKE ,CL9TON1 ,MACRON1 ,TONY ,BLAIR & ,OBAMA4 

,CORBYN WAS NOT LIKE ?AT AT ALL4 ,HE WAS A P]SON :O HAD BE5 A COMPLETE REBEL AGA9/ HIS [N P>TY = HIS 5TIRE LIFE4 ,BUT !Y MANEUV]$ HIM 9TO A POSITION :]E !RE HAD BE5 A ,BREXIT VOTE :I* REPRES5T$ SUB/ANCE1 ! POPUL> WILL1 & HE WAS =C$ 9TO A SITUATION :]E HE HAD TO ALLY ) ! PEOPLE :O W]E TRY+ TO BLOCK IT ?R\< LEGALI/IC REGULATION1 ESS5TIALLY BY APPEAL TO 5DLESS >CANE LAWS1 ?US ID5TIFY+ HIS CLASS ) ! PR(ESSIONAL-MANAG]IALS4 

,A LOT ( MY FRI5DS :O ACTUALLY W]E \T ON DOOR/EPS MET PEOPLE :O ACTUALLY SEEM TO ?9K ( ,BORIS ,JOHNSON AS A REGUL> GUY4 ,HIS ACTUAL NAME IS ,ALEX&] ,BORIS DE ,PFEFFEL ,JOHNSON4 ,HE IS AN >I/OCRAT GO+ BACK LIKE #e YE>S1 BUT !Y SEEM$ TO ?9K HE WAS A REGUL> GUY4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,CORBYN1 :O HADN'T EV5 BE5 TO COLLEGE1 WAS A MEMB] ( ! ELITE1 BAS$ ALMO/ 5TIRELY ON ?IS4 

,IF Y\ LOOK AT PEOPLE LIKE ,TRUMP & ,JOHNSON1 H[ DO !Y MANAGE TO PULL (F BE+ POPULI/ 9 ANY S5SE8 ,!Y'RE BORN TO EV]Y CONCEIVABLE TYPE ( PRIVILEGE4 ,!Y DO IT BY ACT+ LIKE ! EXACT OPPOSITE ( ! ANNOY+ BUREAUCRATIC ADM9I/RATOR :O IS Y\R 5EMY AT WORK4 ,?AT'S ! GAME ( IMAGES !Y'RE PLAY+4 ,JOHNSON'S CLE>LY TOTALLY FAKE4 ,HE FAKES DISORGANIZATION1 BUT HE'S ACTUALLY A V]Y ORGANIZ$ P]SON ACCORD+ TO PEOPLE :O ACTUALLY KN[ HIM4 ,BUT HE'S DEVELOP$ ?IS P]SONA ( SOMEONE :O'S ALL AB\T CONT5T OV] =M4 ,& HE'S JU/ SORT ( *AOTIC & DISORGANIZ$4 ,SO !Y BASICALLY PLAY ! ROLE ( BE+ ANTI-BUREAUCRATS & !Y MANEUV] ! O!R SIDE 9TO BE+ ID5TIFI$ ) ADM9I/RATION1 RULES1 & REGULATIONS -- ! GUYS :O BASICALLY DRIVE Y\ CRAZY4 

,! QUE/ION = ! LEFT1 !N1 IS H[ TO BREAK ) ?AT4 ,IT /RIKES ME ?AT WE NE$ TO K9D ( RIP UP ! GAME & />T OV]4 ,WE'RE 9 ANO!R WORLD ECONOMICALLY ?AN WE US$ TO BE4 ,P]HAPS ! BE/ WAY TO DO IT IS TO ?9K AB\T ! #c#g.0 ( PEOPLE :O SAY1 0,IF MY JOB DIDN'T EXI/1 PROBABLY ! WORLD W\LD BE BETT] (F4 ,I'M NOT ACTUALLY DO+ ANY?+01 & ASK3 :AT DO !Y ACTUALLY MEAN BY ?AT8 

,9 ALMO/ EV]Y CASE1 :AT !Y SAY IS1 0,WELL1 IT DOESN'T REALLY B5EFIT ANYONE40 ,!RE IS A PR9CIPLE ?AT ULTIMATELY WORK IS MEAN+FUL IF IT HELPS PEOPLE & IMPROVES O!R PEOPLE'S LIVES4 ,?US1 C>+ LABOR 9 A S5SE HAS BECOME ! P>ADIGM = ALL =MS ( LABOR4 ,?IS IS V]Y 9T]E/+ BECAUSE ,I ?9K ?AT TO A L>GE DEGREE1 ! LEFT IS REALLY /UCK ON A NOTION ( PRODUCTION RA!R ?AN C>+1 & ! REASON WE HAVE BE5 \TMANEUV]$ 9 ! PA/ HAS BE5 PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ?AT4 

,I C\LD TALK AB\T H[ ?IS HAPP5$3 ,I ?9K A LOT ( ECONOMICS IS REALLY !OLOGICAL4 ,IT'S ! TRANSPOSITION ( OLD RELIGI\S IDEAS AB\T CREATION1 :]E HUMAN BE+S >E SORT ( =C$ TO WORK4 ,IF Y\ LOOK AT ! /ORY ( ,PROME!US OR ! /ORY ( ! ,BIBLE1 ! HUMAN CONDITION-\R FALL5 /ATE -IS ONE :]E ,GOD IS \R CREATOR4 ,WE TRI$ TO USURP HIS POSITION1 SO ,GOD PUNI%ES US BY SAY+1 0,OKAY1 Y\ CAN CREATE Y\R [N LIVES BUT IT'S GO+ TO BE MIS]ABLE & PA9FUL40 ,SO WORK IS BO? IS BO? PRODUCTIVE1 IT'S CREATIVE4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 IT'S ALSO SUPPOS$ TO BE SUFF]+4 

,SO WE HAVE AN IDEA ( WORK AS PRODUCTIVITY4 ,I WAS LOOK+ AT !SE *>TS TALK+ AB\T ! DIFF]5T PRODUCTIVITY ( DIFF]5T TYPES ( WORK4 ,N[1 ,I CAN SEE :]E ! PRODUCTIVITY ( CON/RUCTION COMES 94 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO ?IS1 Y\ C\LD EV5 MEASURE ! PRODUCTIVITY ( REAL E/ATE4 ,:AT'S PRODUCTIVITY ( REAL E/ATE8 ,?AT DOESN'T MAKE ANY S5SE4 ,Y\'RE NOT PRODUC+ ANY?+--IT'S L&1 IT SITS !RE4 

,\R P>ADIGM = VALUE IS PRODUCTION4 ,BUT IF Y\ ?9K AB\T IT1 MO/ WORK IS NOT PRODUCTIVE4 ,MO/ WORK IS ACTUALLY AB\T MA9TA9+ ?+S4 ,IT'S AB\T C>E4 ,:5EV] ,I TALK TO A ,M>XI/ !ORI/ & !Y TRY TO EXPLA9 VALUE 7:I* IS :AT !Y ALWAYS LIKE TO DO71 !Y ALWAYS TAKE ! EXAMPLE ( A TEACUP4 ,!Y'LL USUALLY BE SITT+ ) A GLASS1 A BOTTLE1 A CUP & SAY1 0,WELL1 LOOK AT ?IS BOTTLE4 ,Y\ KN[1 IT TAKES A C]TA9 AM\NT ( SOCIALLY-NECESS>Y LABOR TIME TO PRODUCE ?IS4 ,SAY1 IT TAKES Y\ KN[1 ?IS MU* TIME1 ?IS MU* RES\RCES44404 ,!Y'RE ALWAYS TALK+ AB\T PRODUCTION ( /UFF4 

,BUT Y\ KN[1 Y\ PRODUCE A CUP ONCE4 ,Y\ WA% IT T5 ?\S& TIMES4 ,MO/ WORK ISN'T ACTUALLY AB\T PRODUC+ NEW ?+S1 IT'S AB\T MA9TA9+ ?+S4 ,WE HAVE A W>P$ NOTION1 :I* IS REALLY V]Y G5D]$4 ,REAL WORK IS LIKE MALE CRAFTSM5 BANG+ AWAY1 OR SOME FACTORY WORK] MAK+ A C> OR SOME?+ LIKE ?AT4 ,IT'S ALMO/ A P>ADIGM = *ILDBIR?1 BECAUSE 9 ! ,BIBLE !Y CURSE ,ADAM TO WORK & !Y CURSE ,EVE TO HAVE PA9 9 *ILDBIR?4 ,BUT ?AT'S CALL$ 0LABOR40 ,SO !RE'S ! IDEA ?AT FACTORIES >E LIKE !SE BLACK BOXES :]E Y\'RE K9D ( PU%+ /UFF \T LIKE BABIES ?R\< A PA9FUL PROCESS ?AT WE DON'T REALLY UND]/&4 ,& ?AT'S :AT WORK MA9LY CONSI/S (4 

,BUT ACTUALLY ?AT'S NOT :AT WORK MA9LY CONSI/S (4 ,MO/ WORK ACTUALLY CONSI/S ( TAK+ C>E ( O!R PEOPLE4 ,SO ,I ?9K ?AT :AT WE NE$ TO DO IS WE NE$ TO />T OV]4 ,WE NE$ TO FIR/ ( ALL ?9K AB\T ! WORK+ CLASSES NOT AS PRODUC]S1 BUT AS C>]S4 ,! WORK+ CLASSES >E BASICALLY PEOPLE :O TAKE C>E ( O!R PEOPLE -- & ALWAYS HAVE BE54 ,ACTUALLY1 PSY*OLOGICAL /UDIES %[ ?IS REALLY WELL3 ! POOR] Y\ >E1 ! BETT] Y\ >E AT READ+ O!R PEOPLE'S EMOTIONS & UND]/&+ :AT !Y'RE FEEL+8 ,?AT'S BECAUSE IT'S ACTUALLY ! JOB ( PEOPLE TO TAKE C>E ( O!RS4 ,RI* PEOPLE JU/ DON'T HAVE TO ?9K AB\T :AT O!R PEOPLE >E ?9K+4 ,!Y DON'T C>E1 LIT]ALLY4 

,& SO1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ,I ?9K WE NE$ TO R$EF9E ! WORK+ CLASSES AS C>+ CLASSES4 ,BUT SECOND ( ALL1 WE NE$ TO MOVE AWAY FROM A P>ADIGM ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION AS BE+ :AT AN ECONOMY IS AB\T1 BECAUSE IF WE'RE GO+ TO SAVE ! PLANET1 WE REALLY NE$ TO MOVE AWAY FROM PRODUCTIVISM4 

,I W\LD PROPOSE ?AT WE JU/ RIP UP ! DISCIPL9E ( ECONOMICS AS IT EXI/S & />T OV]4 ,?IS IS MY PROPOSAL 9 ?IS REG>D3 ,I ?9K ?AT WE %\LD TAKE ! IDEAS ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 ?R[ !M AWAY1 & SUB/ITUTE = !M ! IDEA ( C>E & FRE$OM4 

,AS FEM9I/S PO9T \T1 EV5 IF Y\'RE MAK+ A BRIDGE1 Y\'RE MAK+ A BRIDGE BECAUSE Y\ C>E ?AT PEOPLE CAN GET ACROSS ! RIV]4 ,Y\ MAKE A C> BECAUSE Y\ C>E ?AT PEOPLE CAN GET >\ND4 ,SO EV5 PRODUCTION IS ONE SUBORD9ATE TYPE ( C>E4 ,:AT WE DO1 AS HUMAN BE+S1 IS TAKE C>E ( EA* O!R4 

,BUT C>E IS ACTUALLY--& ?IS IS1 ,I ?9K1 SOME?+ ?AT WE DON'T (T5 RECOGNIZE-CLOSELY RELAT$ TO ! NOTION ( FRE$OM4 ,NORMALLY1 C>E IS DEF9$ AS ANSW]+ TO O!R PEOPLE'S NE$S4 ,C]TA9LY ?AT IS AN IMPORTANT ELEM5T 9 IT4 ,BUT IT'S NOT JU/ ?AT4 ,!Y TAKE C>E ( ! NE$S ( ! PRISON]S 7USUALLY1 AT LEA/71 ,TO ! PO9T ( GIV+ !M BASIC FOOD1 CLO?+1 & M$ICAL C>E4 ,BUT Y\ CAN'T REALLY ?9K ( A PRISON AS C>+ = PRISON]S4 ,C>E IS MORE ?AN ?AT4 ,SO :Y ISN'T A PRISON A C>EGIV+ 9/ITUTION1 :]EAS SOME?+ ELSE MI<T BE8 

,WELL1 IF Y\ ?9K AB\T C>E1 :AT IS !--K9D ( P>ADIGM = A C>+ RELATION'S A MO!R & A *ILD1 RI<T4 ,A MO!R TAKES C>E ( A *ILD1 OR A P>5T TAKES C>E ( A *ILD1 SO ?AT ?AT *ILD CAN GR[ & BE HEAL?Y & FL\RI%4 ,?AT'S TRUE1 BUT ON AN IMM$IATE LEVEL1 Y\ TAKE C>E ( A *ILD SO ! *ILD CAN GO & PLAY4 ,?AT'S :AT *ILDR5 ACTUALLY DO :5 Y\'RE TAK+ C>E ( !M4 ,:AT IS PLAY8 ,PLAY IS ACTION DONE = ITS [N SAKE4 ,IT'S 9 A WAY ! V]Y P>ADIGM ( FRE$OM4 ,BECAUSE ACTION DONE = ITS [N SAKE IS :AT FRE$OM REALLY CONSI/S (4 ,PLAY & FRE$OM >E ULTIMATELY ! SAME ?+4 

,SO1 A PRODUCTION_/CONSUMPTION P>ADIGM = :AT AN ECONOMY IS IS A GU>ANTEE = ULTIMATELY DE/ROY+ ! PLANET & EA* O!R4 ,EV5 :5 Y\ TALK AB\T DEGR[?1 IF Y\'RE WORK+ )9 ?AT P>ADIGM1 Y\'RE ESS5TIALLY DOOM$4 ,WE NE$ TO BREAK AWAY FROM ?AT P>ADIGM 5TIRELY4 ,C>E & FRE$OM ON ! O!R H& >E ?+S Y\ CAN 9CREASE AS MU* AS Y\ LIKE )\T DAMAG+ ANY?+4 ,SO WE NE$ TO ?9K3 :AT >E WAYS ?AT WE NE$ TO C>E = EA* O!R ?AT WILL MAKE EA* O!R MORE FREE8 ,& :O'RE ! PEOPLE :O >E PROVID+ ?AT C>E8 ,& H[ CAN !Y BE COMP5SAT$ !MSELVES ) GREAT] FRE$OM8 ,TO DO ?AT WE NE$ TO LIKE1 ACTUALLY SCRAP ALMO/ ALL ( ! DISCIPL9E ( ECONOMICS AS IT CURR5TLY EXI/S4 

,WE'RE ACTUALLY JU/ />T+ TO ?9K AB\T ?IS4 ,ECONOMICS AS IT CURR5TLY EXI/S IS BAS$ ON ASSUMPTIONS ( HUMAN NATURE ?AT WE N[ KN[ TO BE WRONG4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 ACTUAL EMPIRICAL TE/S ( ! BASIC SORT ( FUNDAM5TAL ASSUMPTIONS ( ! MAXIMIZ+ 9DIVIDUAL ?AT ECONOMIC !ORY IS BAS$ ON1 & IT TURNS \T ?AT !Y'RE NOT TRUE4 ,IT TELLS Y\ SOME?+ AB\T ! ROLE ( ECONOMICS ?AT ?IS HAS HAD ALMO/ NO EFFECT ON ECONOMIC TEA*+ :ATSOEV]4 ,!Y DON'T REALLY C>E ?AT IT'S NOT TRUE4 

,BUT ONE ( ! ?+S ?AT WE HAVE DISCOV]$1 :I* IS QUITE 9T]E/+1 IS ?AT HUMAN BE+S HAVE A PSY*OLOGICAL NE$ TO BE C>$ =1 BUT !Y HAVE AN EV5 GREAT] PSY*OLOGICAL NE$ TO C>E = O!RS1 OR TO C>E = SOME?+4 ,IF Y\ DON'T HAVE ?AT Y\ BASICALLY FALL AP>T4 ,IT'S :Y OLD PEOPLE GET DOGS4 ,WE DON'T JU/ C>E = EA* O!R BECAUSE WE NE$ TO MA9TA9 EA* O!R'S LIVES & FRE$OMS1 BUT \R [N PSY*OLOGICAL HAPP9ESS IS BAS$ ON BE+ ABLE TO C>E = SOME?+ OR SOMEONE4 

,SO1 :AT W\LD HAPP5 TO MICROECONOMICS IF WE />T$ FROM ?AT8 ,WE'RE DO+ ACTUALLY A WORK%OP TOMORR[ ON ! ,MUSEUM ( ,C>E1 :I* WE'RE GO+ TO IMAG9E 9 ,ROJAVA1 :I* IS 9 NOR!A/]N ,SYRIA :]E !RE IS A WOM5'S REVOLUTION GO+ ON 7AS Y\ MI<T HAVE HE>D74 ,IT'S 9 PLACES LIKE ?AT :]E !Y'RE TRY+ TO COMPLETELY REIMAG9E ECONOMICS1 ! RELATION ( FRE$OM1 ES!TICS1 & VALUE1 BECAUSE AT ! MOM5T1 ! SY/EM ( VALUE WE HAVE IS SET UP 9 SU* A WAY ?AT ?IS K9D ( TRAP ?AT ,I'VE DESCRIB$1 & ! GRADUAL BULL%ITIZATION ( EMPLOYM5T :]E ESS5TIALLY PRODUCTION WORK HAS BECOME A VALUE UNTO ITSELF 9 SU* A WAY ?AT WE'RE LIT]ALLY DE/ROY+ ! PLANET4 ,9 ORD] TO ACTUALLY REIMAG9E A TYPE ( ECONOMICS ?AT W\LDN'T DE/ROY ! PLANET1 WE HAVE TO />T ALL OV] AGA94 

,AUDI5CE #a3 ,:5 Y\ OBS]VE ! PRODUCTIVITY 9 HEAL?C>E GO+ D[N1 DO Y\ HAVE AN EXPLANATION ACCORD+ TO NEOLIB]AL ?9K+ :Y HOSPITALS--ONE ) MORE ADM9I/RATORS1 ONE ) LESS ADM9I/RATORS--DON'T HAVE A COMPETITION \TCOME ?AT ! HOSPITAL ) LESS ADM9I/RATORS W9S8 

,DAVID ,GRAEB]3 .<LAU<S.> ,WELL1 ONE ( ! FASC9AT+ ?+S AB\T ! :OLE PH5OM5A ( BULL%ITIZATION & BULL%IT JOBS IS ?AT IT'S EXACTLY :AT'S NOT SUPPOS$ TO HAPP5 UND] A COMPETITIVE SY/EM4 ,BUT IT'S HAPP5$ ACROSS ! BO>D1 EQUALLY 9 ! PRIVATE SECTOR & PUBLIC SECTOR4 

,AUDI5CE #a3 ,:Y8 

,GRAEB]3 ,?AT'S A LONG /ORY4 ,BUT ONE REASON SEEMS TO BE ?AT-& ?IS IS :Y ,I ACTUALLY HAD MANAG]IAL FEUDALISM 9 ! TITLE-! SY/EM WE HAVE IS ESS5TIALLY NOT CAPITALISM AS IT IS ORD9>ILY DESCRIB$4 ,! IDEA ?AT Y\ HAVE A S]IES ( SMALL COMPET+ FIRMS IS BASICALLY A FANTASY4 ,IT'S TRUE ( RE/AURANTS OR SOME?+ LIKE ?AT4 ,BUT IT'S NOT TRUE ( !SE L>GE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,& IT'S NOT CLE> ?AT IT REALLY C\LD BE TRUE ( ?OSE L>GE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,!Y JU/ DON'T OP]ATE ON ?AT BASIS4 

,9CREAS+LY1 PR(ITS >5'T COM+ FROM EI!R MANUFACTUR+ OR FROM COMM]CE1 BUT RA!R FROM ! R$I/RIBUTION ( RES\RCES & R5T3 R5T EXTRACTION4 ,:5 Y\ HAVE A R5T EXTRACTION SY/EM1 IT RESEMBLES FEUDALISM MU* MORE ?AN CAPITALISM AS NORMALLY DESCRIB$4 ,IF Y\'RE TAK+ A L>GE AM\NT ( MONEY & R$I/RIBUT+ IT1 Y\ WANT TO SOAK UP AS MU* ( ?AT AS POSSIBLE 9 ! C\RSE ( DO+ SO4 ,& ?AT SEEMS TO BE ! WAY ! ECONOMY 9CREAS+LY WORKS4 ,IF Y\ LOOK AT ANY?+ FROM ,HOLLYWOOD TO ! HEAL?C>E 9DU/RY1 :AT Y\ SEE OV] ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S IS A CREATION ( 5DLESS 9T]M$I>Y ROLES :I* GRAB A PIECE ( ! PIE AS IT'S BE+ DI/RIBUT$ D[NW>D4 

,I C\LD GO 9TO ! :OLE ME*ANISMS BUT ESS5TIALLY1 ! POLITICAL & ! ECONOMIC HAVE BECOME SO 9T]TW9$ ?AT Y\ CAN NO LONG] MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,?IS IS :]E Y\ GO BACK TO ?AT :OLE ?+ AB\T ! #a.0 & US+ POLITICAL P[] TO ACCUMULATE MORE WEAL?1 US+ Y\R WEAL? TO CREATE MORE POLITICAL P[]4 ,Y\ HAVE AN 5G9E ( EXTRACTION :]EBY ! SPOILS >E 9CREAS+LY DI/RIBUT$ )9 !SE V]Y L>GE BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?AT'S ESS5TIALLY H[ \R ECONOMY WORKS4 

,I C\LD TALK = AN H\R AB\T ! DYNAMICS1 BUT ?AT'S BASICALLY IT4 ,Y\ C\LD CALL IT CAPITALISM IF Y\ LIKE1 BUT IT DOESN'T 9 ANY WAY RESEMBLE CAPITALISM ! WAY ?AT PEOPLE LIKE TO IMAG9E CAPITALISM W\LD WORK4 

,AUDI5CE #b3 ,H[ TO BE/ ADDRESS ?IS C>EGIV] CLASS1 :5 ! CONTEXT ( ! PROLET>IAT IS NO LONG] GIV5 TO AWAKE !IR CLASS CONSCI\SNESS8 

,GRAEB]3 ,! QUE/ION IS H[ DO Y\ CREATE A CLASS CONSCI\SNESS = ?AT CLASS8 ,WELL1 ?AT IS ! QUE/ION4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 Y\ NE$ TO ACTUALLY ?9K AB\T :O Y\R ACTUAL CLASS 5EMY IS4 ,I DON'T MEAN TO BE TOO BLUNT AB\T IT1 BUT :Y IS IT PEOPLE >E SUSPICI\S ( ! LEFT8 ,PEOPLE LIKE ,MI*AEL ,ALB]T W]E PO9T+ ?IS \T YE>S AGO1 ?AT ONE REASON ACTUAL PROLET>IANS W]E V]Y SUSPICI\S ( TRADITIONAL SOCIALI/S 9 MANY CASES IS BECAUSE !IR IMM$IATE 5EMY ISN'T ! CAPITALI/1 :O HE R>ELY MEETS1 BUT ! ANNOY+ ADM9I/RATOR UP/AIRS4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T1 TRADITIONAL SOCIALISM MEANS GIV+ ?AT GUY MORE P[] RA!R ?AN LESS4 

,SO1 ,I ?9K WE NE$ TO ACTUALLY LOOK AT :AT'S REALLY GO+ ON 9 A HOSPITAL OR 9 A S*OOL4 ,I USE HOSPITALS & S*OOLS AS EXAMPLES1 BUT !Y'RE V]Y IMPORTANT ONES1 BECAUSE PEOPLE HAVE %[N ?AT 9 MO/ CITIES 9 ,AM]ICA1 HOSPITALS & S*OOLS >E N[ ! TWO L>GE/ EMPLOY]S4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 WORK HAS BE5 REORGANIZ$ >\ND WORK+ ON ! BODIES & M9DS ( O!R PEOPLE RA!R ?AN PRODUC+ OBJECTS4 ,Y\ CAN'T USE TRADITIONAL ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS TO UND]/& ! CLASS RELATIONS 9 ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,Y\ NE$ TO ACTUALLY REIMAG9E :AT IT W\LD MEAN4 ,>E WE TALK+ AB\T ! PRODUCTION ( PEOPLE8 ,IF SO1 :AT >E ! CLASS DYNAMICS 9VOLV$ 9 ?AT8 ,IS PRODUCTION ! T]M AT ALL8 ,PROBABLY NOT4 ,:Y NOT8 

,?AT'S :Y ,I SAY ?AT WE NE$ TO RECON/ITUTE ! LANGUAGE 9 :I* WE'RE US+ TO DESCRIBE ?IS1 BECAUSE WE'RE ESS5TIALLY US+ #a#i? C5TURY T]M9OLOGY TO DISCUSS #b#a/ C5TURY PROBLEMS4 ,& BO? SIDES >E DO+ ?AT4 ,! RI<T W+ IS US+ NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMICS1 :I* IS BASICALLY ,VICTORIAN4 ,IT'S TRY+ TO SOLVE PROBLEMS ?AT NO LONG] EXI/4 ,BUT ! LEFT IS US+ A #a#i? C5TURY ,M>XI/ CRITIQUE ( ?AT1 :I* ALSO DOESN'T APPLY4 ,WE JU/ NE$ NEW T]MS4 

,AUDI5CE #c3 ,SO1 ! QUE/ION IS BASICALLY TO :AT EXT5T CAN TE*NOLOGY HELP8 ,! SUBTEXT H]E IS !RE'S ACTUALLY REALLY LOTS ( PROJECTS N[ :OSE FUNCTION AT SOME LEVEL IS TO AUTOMATE MANAGEM5T1 & TO ! EXT5T TO :I* ?AT CAN BE MOLD$ 9TO REMOV+ ?IS .<PR(ESSIONAL-MANAG]IAL.> CLASS ?AT Y\'RE TALK+ AB\T1 OR SOMEH[ MAK+ IT TOO PA9FUL = !M TO EXI/4 ,SOME ( !SE PROJECTS >E COMPANIES1 BUT SOME ( !M >E V]Y 9DEP5D5T ?+S ?AT HAVE V]Y SOPHOMORIC IDEAS BUT ) T5S ( MILLIONS 9 FUND+4 

,GRAEB]3 ,WELL1 ?AT'S ! 9T]E/+ ?+1 ?AT PEOPLE TALK AB\T IT ALL ! TIME4 ,BUT ?IS IS :]E P[] COMES 94 ,:Y IS IT ?AT AUTOMATION MEANS ?AT IF ,I'M WORK+ = ,U,P,S1 ! DELIV]Y GUY GETS ,TAYLORIZ$1 D[NSIZ$ & SUP]-EFFICI5T TO ! PO9T :]E \R LIFE BECOMES A LIV+ HELL1 BUT SOMEH[ ! PR(ITS ?AT COME FROM ?AT 5D UP HIR+ LIKE1 DOZ5S ( FLUNKIES :O SIT >\ND 9 (FICES DO+ NO?+ ALL DAY8 

,ONE ( ! GUYS :5 ,I />T$ GA!R+ TE/IMONIES 7,I GA!R$ SEV]AL HUNDR$ TE/IMONIES ( PEOPLE ) BULL%IT JOBS OR PEOPLE :O ?\<T ( !MSELVES AS HAV+ BULL%IT JOBS7 WAS SOMEONE :O WAS AN EFFICI5CY EXP]T 9 A BANK4 ,HE E/IMAT$ ?AT #h.0 ( PEOPLE :O WORK$ 9 BANKS >E UNNECESS>Y3 EI!R !Y DO NO?+ OR !Y C\LD EASILY BE AUTOMAT$ AWAY4 ,:AT HE SAID WAS ?AT IT WAS HIS JOB TO FIGURE ?AT \T4 ,BUT !N HE GRADUALLY REALIZ$ ?AT HE HAD A BULL%IT JOB BECAUSE EV]Y S+LE TIME HE PROPOS$ A PLAN TO GET RID ( !M1 !Y'D BE %OT D[N4 ,HE NEV] GOT A S+LE ONE ?R\<4 

,! REASON IS BECAUSE IF Y\'RE AN EXECUTIVE 9 A L>GE CORPORATION1 Y\R PRE/IGE & P[] IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO H[ MANY PEOPLE Y\ HAVE WORK+ UND] Y\4 ,SO !RE'S NO WAY !Y >E GO+ TO GET RID ( FLUNKIES4 ,?AT'D JU/ MEAN ! BETT] !Y >E AT IT1 ! LESS IMPORTANT !Y'LL BECOME 9 ! OP]ATION4 ,SO SOMEBODY ALWAYS BLOCK$ IT4 

,SO1 ?IS IS A BASIC P[] QUE/ION4 ,Y\ CAN COME UP ) GREAT TE*NOLOGICAL IDEAS = ELIM9AT+ PEOPLE2 PEOPLE DO ALL ! TIME4 ,BUT :O ACTUALLY GETS ELIM9AT$ & :O DOESN'T HAS EV]Y?+ TO DO ) P[]4 

,AUDI5CE #d3 ,?ANK Y\ = ! OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK4 ,I REALLY LIKE Y\R DESCRIPTION ( A P>ADIGM ?AT PEOPLE >E /UCK ON PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 & ?AT Y\ W\LD LIKE TO *ANGE ! P>ADIGM TO BE T[>DS MORE C>E & FRE$OM4 ,= ME IT K9D ( S\NDS A LITTLE VAGUE1 & ?AT'S :Y ,I MYSELF ?9K ( BASIC 9COME AS A HUMAN RI<T1 AS ! ACTUAL MEANS TO BREAK ) ! CURR5T HEGEMONIC1 MACROECONOMIC P>ADIGM1 SO TO SPEAK4 ,& ,I WAS 9T]E/$ 9 Y\R PO9T ( VIEW ON BASIC 9COME4 

,GRAEB]3 ,WELL1 ,I ACTUALLY TOTALLY SUPPORT ?AT4 ,I ?9K ?AT ONE ( ! MAJOR OBJECTIONS ?AT PEOPLE HAVE TO UNIV]SAL BASIC 9COME IS ?AT PEOPLE DON'T TRU/ PEOPLE TO COME UP ) USEFUL ?+S TO DO ) !MSELVES4 ,EI!R !Y ?9K !Y'LL BE LAZY & WON'T DO ANY?+1 OR !Y ?9K IF !Y DO DO SOME?+ IT'LL BE /UPID3 MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O'RE TRY+ TO CREATE P]PETUAL MOTION DEVICES OR BECOM+ ANNOY+ /REET MIMES OR BAD MUSICIANS OR BAD POETS1 OR SO =? & SO ON4 

,I ?9K IT ACTUALLY MASKS AN 9CR$IBLE CONDESC5D+ ELITISM ?AT A LOT ( PEOPLE HAVE1 :I* IS REALLY ! M9DSET ( ! PR(ESSIONAL MANAG]IAL CLASSES :O ?9K ?AT !Y %\LD BE CONTROLL+ PEOPLE1 BECAUSE IF Y\ ?9K AB\T ! FACT ?AT HUGE P]C5TAGES-P]HAPS A ?IRD ( PEOPLE-ALREADY ?9K ?AT !Y'RE DO+ NO?+ ALL DAY & !Y'RE REALLY MIS]ABLE AB\T IT1 ,I ?9K ?AT DEMON/RATES QUITE CLE>LY :Y ?AT ISN'T TRUE4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 ! IDEA ?AT PEOPLE IF GIV5 A BASIC 9COME WON'T WORK4 ,ACTUALLY1 !RE >E LOTS ( PEOPLE :O >E PAID BASICALLY TO SIT !RE ALL DAY & DO NO?+1 & !Y'RE REALLY UNHAPPY4 ,!Y'D MU* RA!R BE WORK+4 

,SECOND ( ALL1 IF #c TO #d.0 ( PEOPLE ALREADY ?9K ?AT !IR JOBS >E COMPLETELY PO9TLESS & USELESS1 H[ BAD C\LD IT BE8 ,EV5 IF EV]YBODY GOES (F & BECOMES BAD POETS1 AT LEA/ !Y'LL BE A LOT HAPPI] ?AN !Y >E N[4 ,& ONE OR TWO ( !M MI<T REALLY BE GOOD POETS4 ,IF JU/ 4#a.0 ( ALL ! PEOPLE ON BASIC 9COME :O DECIDE TO BECOME POETS OR MUSICIANS OR 9V5T CRAZY DEVICES ACTUALLY DO BECOME ,MILES ,DAVIS OR ,%AKESPE>E1 OR ACTUALLY DO 9V5T A P]PETUAL MOTION DEVICE1 WELL1 Y\'VE GOT Y\R MONEY BACK RI<T !RE1 RI<T8 

,H]ALD3 ,GREAT4 ,?ANK Y\ SO MU*4 ,UN=TUNATELY ?AT WAS ALL ! QUE/IONS ?AT WE HAD TIME TO4 ,IF Y\ HAVE ANY MORE QUE/IONS1 PLEASE1 ,I'M SURE ?AT ,DAVID WILL JU/ TAKE A FEW M9UTES TO ANSW] !M IF Y\ COME UP H]E4 

,GRAEB]3 ,OH YEAH4 ,I C\LD SP5D ! RE/ ( MY LIFE DO+ ?IS4 

,H]ALD3 ,?ANK Y\ SO MU* ,DAVID ,GRAEB] = Y\R TALK4 ,& PLEASE GIVE HIM A GREAT R\ND ( APPLAUSE4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #b#h? ,NOVEMB] #bba FROM DAVIDGRAEB]4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,FROM ,MANAG]IAL ,FEUDALISM TO ! ,REVOLT ( ! ,C>+ ,CLASSES -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/