,*APT] #e ,AN>*ISM AS ,9DIVIDUALISM ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,TEXT 3 ,AN>*ISM AS ,9DIVIDUALISM ,I HAVE LONG SUSPECT$ ?AT AN>*ISM1 IF ?\*I/S TODAY & YE/]DAY ALL %>E ONE ?+ 9 COMMON1 IT IS !IR REJECTION ( /ATE CO]CION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IF WE TAKE A CLOS] LOOK AT AN>*ISM AS AN IDEOLOGY1 IT HAS FOLL[$ A C>E5+ TRAJECTORY4 ,IT ORIG9AT$ 7AP>T FROM SOME PRECURSORS7 9 ! #a#h#cS & #a#h#dS AS A =M ( UNFETT]$ EGOISM1 A RADICAL DEM& = P]SONAL AUTONOMY4 ,9ITIALLY IT MEANT LITTLE MORE ?AN UNREL5T+ RESI/ANCE TO ATTEMPTS BY SOCIETY & P>TICUL>LY ! /ATE TO RE/RICT 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY4 ,LAT] IT FLIRT$ ) V>I\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ( ! OPPRESS$1 EMBRAC+ ! COLLECTIVISM ( ! >*AIC PEASANT VILLAGE1 !N ! SYNDICALISM ( CRAFT & 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 & LAT] /ILL IT WAS HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ BY ,M>XISM & ASSOCIAT$ ITSELF ) A LIB]T>IAN =M ( COMMUNISM4 ,! COMMITM5T TO V>I\S =MS ( COLLECTIVE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 ,I BELIEVE1 WAS A RESPONSE PRIM>ILY TO ! SPREAD ( SOCIALISM AMONG ! WORK+ CLASSES ( ! N9ETE5? & E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURIES4 ,BUT BY ! TURN ( ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY1 9 ! WAKE ( SOCIAL & CULTURAL HOMOG5IZATION ?AT HAS BE5 PRODUC$ BY MOD]N CORPORATE CAPITALISM & ! MASS M$IA1 AN>*ISM HAS COME FULL CIRCLE & HAS RETURN$ TO ITS OLD 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 AUTONOMI/ ORIG9S4 ,LET ME EMPHASIZE ?AT REC5T DEVELOPM5TS >E NOT ANOMAL\S TO AN>*ISM4 ,! 0LEFT LIB]ALISM0 F\ND ALL OV] ! PLACE 9 AN>*ISM1 AS WELL AS ! UNSAVORY1 EV5 \TRIY IDEAS 9 ,AN>*Y1 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 & ! LIKE 7!SE >E ! L>GE/ CIRCULATION AN>*I/ P]IODICALS 9 ! ,U,S71 >E BUILT 9TO SOME ( ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PREMISES ( AN>*ISM - NOTABLY1 ! 9DIVIDUALISM ?AT =MS ! CONCEPTUAL BUILD+ BLOCK ( ! :OLE SKEW$ $IFICE4 ,HI/ORY CAN PROVIDE AMPLE EXAMPLES ( H[ SOME SELF-PR(ESS$ AN>*I/S EXPLICITLY D5\NC$ MASS SOCIAL ACTION AS FUTILE & ALI5 TO !IR PRIVATE CONC]NS4.<#b#d.> ,YET1 ,I AM NOT PRIM>ILY TAK+ ISSUE ) FULL-FRONTAL 9DIVIDUALI/S OR EV5 ! (T5 EXPLICITLY ANTI-SOCIAL ELEM5TS ?AT SOMEH[ HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ACCEPT$ )9 ! FOLDS ( AN>*ISM4 ,:AT ,I W\LD LIKE TO GET AT IS ! ESS5CE ( ?IS CONTRADICTORY 0IDEOLOGY0 & ! SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES IT YIELDS2 EV5 ! MO/ 0SOCIAL0 =MS ( AN>*ISM HAVE BE5 DEF9$ BY A F\NDATIONAL 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,9 FACT1 ! IDEAS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION ?AT HAVE 9 ! PA/ BE5 (F]$ 9 ! NAME ( 0AN>*Y0 HAVE 9V>IABLY BE5 DRAWN TO A GREAT EXT5T FROM ,M>XISM & O!R =MS ( SOCIALISM4 ,! FACT ?AT AN>*ISM CAME WRAPP$ 9 SOCIALI/ CONCEPTS HAS (T5 PREV5T$ AN>*I/S FROM APPE>+ AS :AT !Y >E3 EGOI/S4 ,! ,9DIVIDUALI/IC ,CORE ( ,AN>*ISM ,AS F> AS ,I CAN JUDGE1 AN>*I/S BASICALLY SEEK A FUTURE ( 0VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5TS0 BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS4 ,9S(> AS AN>*I/S HAVE CALL$ = A COMMUNAL SOCIETY1 !Y HAVE MEANT A =M ( ASSOCIATION ?AT WAS NECESS>Y = ! 9DIVIDUAL'S A*IEVEM5T ( AUTONOMY 9 A NON-OPPRESSIVE OR 0ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN0 MANN]4 ,!Y %>E ! BELIEF ?AT 5=CEABLE1 /RUCTUR$ OR 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ RELATIONS )9 & BETWE5 COMMUNES >E EVIL1 ?REAT5+ !IR HI*I/S - YES1 9CLUD+ ?OSE :O CALL !MSELVES 0AN>*O-COLLECTIVI/10 0AN>*O-COMMUNI/10 & 0AN>*O-SYNDICALI/0 - IS ! BELIEF ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL EGO MU/ BE AUTONOM\S1 & A FREE SOCIETY MU/ BE ONE 9 :I* 9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY HAS FREE RE91 UNRE/RICT$ BY LAWS & CON/ITUTIONS4 ,?R\<\T ! WRIT+S ( ! CANONICAL !ORI/S MILITANT ASS]TIONS ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY AB\ND4 ,PR\DHON H>DLY REQUIRES MU* ELUCIDATION ON ?IS SCORE - SOME ( HIS MO/ BASIC 0SOCIAL0 IDEAS >E BUILT >\ND 5TIRELY B\RGEOIS CONCEPTS ( 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK91 TO BE SURE1 CRITICIZ$ 0,9DIVIDUALI/S0 AT GREAT L5G?1 BUT MY VIEW IS ?AT !IR [N IDEAS W]E !MSELVES ESS5TIALLY 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 (T5 OV]LAID ) SOCIALI/ IDEAS - & ?AT ! 0COLLECTIVI/0 OR 0COMMUNI/0 OV]LAY /OOD 9 UTT] CONTRADICTION TO !IR 9DIVIDUALI/IC F\NDATIONS4 ,I MYSELF ONCE US$ AN>*ISM AS A POLITICAL LABEL = MY VIEWS1 BUT FUR!R ?\*ISM IS NOT A SOCIAL !ORY AT ALL BUT RA!R A P]SONAL PSY*OLOGY2 IT IS NOT A POLITICAL MOVEM5T BUT A SUBCULTURE4 ,SOME ( ! IDEAS ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM WILL C]TA9LY BE USEFUL = A FUTURE LIB]T>IAN RADICALISM4 ,I HAVE CONSI/5TLY 9VOK$ CONF$]ALISM AS ONE ( AN>*ISM'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIAL !ORY4 ,BUT ,I HAVE ALSO PO9T$ \T ?AT ! CONF$]ALI/ ELEM5T 9 HI/ORICAL AN>*ISM1 HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ BY ,PR\DHON1 IS SO LOOSELY CON/RUCT$1 & SO *>G$ ) A BELIEF 9 AUTONOMY1 ?AT ANY COMPON5T ( ! CONF$]ATION C\LD )DRAW AT ANY TIME4 ,! =M ( CONF$]ALISM ?AT AN>*I/S HAVE ADVANC$ - 0A F$]ATION ( AUTONOM\S COMMUNES0 - RECAPITULATES ! SAME SELF-CONTRADICTION BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIETY3 IF A COMMUNE IS COMPLETELY AUTONOM\S1 IT CANNOT BE P>T ( A F$]ATION4 ,PR\DHON1 = EXAMPLE1 DECL>$ ?AT HE W\LD DIVIDE & SUBDIVIDE 0P[]0 UNTIL HE REA*$ ITS MO/ ELEM5T>Y COMPON5TS4 ,BUT 9 SU* A SITUATION1 NO?+ REMA9S 9 ! 5D BUT ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! PURELY SELF-SUFFICI5T EGO1 SECURE 9 HIS [N WAY ( LIFE & SUFFICI5CY4 ,FOLL[$ TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSION1 ,PR\DHON'S 0F$]ALISM0 W\LD R5D] ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY UNT5ABLE BECAUSE ( ASS]TIONS ( COMMUNAL & 9DIVIDUAL 0LIB]TIES40 ,IF 9DIVIDUALS MU/ BE FREE ( CON/RA9T1 AN>*I/S HAVE >GU$1 SO MU/ ! COMMUNES 9 A FUTURE SOCIETY4 7,H[ COMMUNES C\LD EV5 EXI/ :5 !IR MEMB]S W]E ALL 9DIVIDUALLY AUTONOM\S IS AN UNRESOLV$ QUE/ION47 ,AL?\< ,KROPOTK9 CALL$ HIMSELF AN AN>*O-COMMUNI/1 HE ESS5TIALLY AGRE$ ) ,PR\DHON ON HIS PO9T3 0! SOCIAL REVOLUTION MU/ BE A*IEV$ BY ! LIB]ATION ( ! COMMUNES10 HE WROTE1 0& 444 IT IS ! COMMUNES1 ABSOLUTELY 9DEP5D5T1 LIB]AT$ FROM ! TUTELAGE ( ! /ATE1 ?AT ALONE CAN GIVE US ! NECESS>Y SETT+ = A REVOLUTION & ! MEANS ( ACCOMPLI%+ IT40.<#b#e.> ,TO BOL/] ?IS NOTION1 ,KROPOTK9 ALSO REJECTS MAJORITY RULE3 HE'S AGA9/ PEOPLE 0SUBMITT+ !MSELVES TO ! MAJORITY-RULE1 :I* ALWAYS IS A M$IOCRITY-RULE40.<#b#f.> ,BY ! SAME LOGIC1 AN>*I/S CLAIM ?AT ! FUTURE SOCIETY MU/ BE ONE B]EFT ( LAWS & CON/ITUTIONS1 BECAUSE !Y NECESS>ILY RE/RICT ! SOV]EIGN AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,:5 ,PR\DHON WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,FR5* ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES1 HE ONCE DECL>$ ?AT HE REFUS$ TO VOTE = A P>TICUL> CON/ITUTION1 NOT BECAUSE HE OPPOS$ ! CONT5T ( IT1 BUT SIMPLY BECAUSE IT WAS A CON/ITUTION4 ,I FAIL TO SEE H[ ANY FREE SOCIETY CAN BE CON/ITUT$ RATIONALLY )\T A CON/ITUTION - & = ?AT MATT]1 LAWS1 ORD9ANCES1 RULES1 & ! LIKE4 ,?IS CONDEMNATION ( ALL CON/ITUTIONS1 LAWS1 & 9/ITUTIONS - CLAIM+ !Y >E ALL EQUIVAL5T TO A /ATE - AS ALL 0GREAT0 AN>*I/ ?9K]S DID & O!RS TODAY CONT9UALLY DO1 IS TO APPEAL TO WANTON *AOS1 9DE$ TO A SOCIALITY ?AT ESS5TIALLY DEP5DS ON GOOD 9/9CTS &1 HOPEFULLY1 $UCATION 7TO :I* ,BAKUN9 ADD$ CU/OM & O!RS1 HABIT74 ,SU* ?9K+ REVEALS NOT ONLY ! BASIC SOCIO-BIOLOGISM ?AT UND]P9S MO/ AN>*I/ !ORY 7IF ONE CAN USE ! WORD !ORY AT ALL71 BUT ALSO ! T5D5CY ( AN>*I/S TO REF] BACK TO PRIMORDIAL LEVELS = !IR MORAL PHILOSOPHY - G5ES1 CU/OM1 HABIT1 TRADITION1 & ! LIKE4 ,! ,ESS5CE ( ,AN>*Y ,! T5SION BETWE5 9DIVIDUALISM & COLLECTIVISM OR COMMUNISM W\LD NOT EXI/ IF ! 9T]E/S ( 9DIVIDUALS C\LD SOMEH[ BE CONCEIV$ TO BE ! SAME AS OR AT LEA/ COMPATIBLE ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! L>G] SOCIETY4 ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 TRI$ TO DO JU/ ?AT4 ,BAKUN9 ASS]T$ ?AT 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL 9T]E/S W]E 9DE$ COMPATIBLE1 BLAM+ ! IDEA ?AT 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL 9T]E/S DID NOT ALWAYS H>MONI\SLY CONV]GE ON1 V>I\SLY1 ! /ATE OR ! RELIGI\S DOCTR9E ( ORIG9AL S94 ,KROPOTK9 W5T FUR!R1 MA9TA9+ ?AT 9DIVIDUAL MORALITY WAS 9 ! 5D ID5TICAL TO SOCIAL MORALITY3 HE GAVE A SOCIO-BIOLOGICAL BASIS TO ! 9/9CT = MUTUAL AID1 SAY+ ?AT MO/ CREATURES1 FROM ! SIMPLE/ TO ! MO/ COMPLEX1 >E DRIV5 BY AN URGE TO COOP]ATE4 ,?IS BE+ ! CASE1 HE BELIEV$1 ! 9DIVIDUAL - FRE$ FROM ! TRAMMELS ( ! /ATE - W\LD MAKE *OICES 9 BEHAVIOR & ?9K+ ?AT W]E 9 H>MONY ) ! NE$S ( HIS OR H] SOCIETY4 ,?US ,KROPOTK9 C\LD WRITE3 ,HUMANITY IS TRY+ N[ TO FREE ITSELF FROM ! BONDS ( ANY GOV]NM5T :ATEV]1 & TO RESPOND TO ITS NE$S ( ORGANIZATION BY ! FREE UND]/&+ BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS PURSU+ ! SAME COMMON AIMS4444 ,FREE AGREEM5T IS BECOM+ A SUB/ITUTE = LAW4 ,& FREE COOP]ATION A SUB/ITUTE = GOV]NM5TAL GU>DIAN%IP4444 ,WE ALREADY =ESEE A /ATE ( SOCIETY :]E ! LIB]TY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL WILL BE LIMIT$ BY NO LAWS1 NO BONDS - BY NO?+ ELSE BUT HIS [N SOCIAL HABITS & ! NECESSITY1 :I* EV]YONE FEELS1 ( F9D+ COOP]ATION1 SUPPORT1 & SYMPA?Y AMONG HIS NEI ,BUT ?IS SOCIO-BIOLOGICALLY BAS$ COOP]ATION RE/S1 ( C\RSE1 ON A FALLACY4 ,9 FACT1 9DIVIDUALS HAVE (T5 PLAC$ !IR [N P]SONAL 9T]E/ ABOVE ?OSE ( !IR COMMUNITY4 ,S9CE ,KROPOTK91 MOREOV]1 WAS ALWAYS PRONE TO HID TIME TO EXPLA9 ! BRUTALITIES ?AT OCCURR$ FROM #aiad ONW>D1 :I* OP5$ ONE ( ! BLOODIE/ P]IODS 9 HI/ORY4 ,ALAS1 COOP]ATION IS NOT EMB$D$ 9 \R G5ES4 ,BUT IT IS ON SU* G5ETICALLY BAS$ COOP]ATION ?AT ,KROPOTK9'S 0AN>*O-COMMUNISM0 RE/S2 & :5 IT COLLAPSES1 SO DOES ! :OLE $IFICE4 ,:AT REMA9S1 AGA91 IS ! 9DIVIDUAL EGO4 ,M>T9 ,A4 ,MILL]1 A ,KROPOTK9 BIOGRAPH]1 WROTE ?AT 0,KROPOTK9 >GU$ = ! FULL & COMPLETE LIB]TY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 AS ! E?ICAL BASIS ( AN>*ISM4 ,HE /OPP$ %ORT ( FALL+ 9TO ! TRAP ( HAV+ TO ACCEPT EGOISM & EXTREME 9DIVIDUALISM ONLY BECAUSE HE BELIEV$ 9 ! 9NATE SOCIABILITY & PASSIVITY ( MAN1 :5 ALL[$ TO BE FREE )\T CON/RA9T FROM ABOVE40.<#b#h.> ,?IS BELIEF TOO WAS MI/AK54 ,LACK+ ! L9*P9 ?AT UNITES 9DIVIDUALISM & SOCIALISM1 0AN>*O-COMMUNISM0 & 0AN>*O-COLLECTIVISM0 BECOME OXYMORONIC WORDS1 B]EFT ( MEAN+4 ,FUR!RMORE1 AN>*ISM1 GR\ND$ 9 ! EGOI/IC 9DIVIDUAL1 T5DS TO REJECT ANY?+ AB\T ,WE/]N SOCIETY ) A FLAT 0,NO60 & TO DEM& ITS OPPOSITE 9/EAD1 AS IF A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY WAS SIMPLY ! M]E NEGATION ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,RADICAL AS ?IS PO/UR+ MAY SEEM AT FIR/1 IT IMPLIES ! DISB&+ ( SOCIETY AS SU*4 ,H5CE ! FASC9ATION ( SO MANY AN>*I/ WRIT]S ) PRIMITIVISM1 !IR TE*NOPHOBIC \TLOOK1 !IR AV]SION TO REGULATION ( ANY K9D1 & 9DE$ !IR 9DIFF]5CE TO ! REALM ( NECESSITY1 AS ?\< ITS COMPULSIONS - POSSIBLY 9CLUD+ DEA? ITSELF - C\LD BE ABOLI%$4 ,9 ITS WORLD \TLOOK1 AN>*ISM HAS CONSI/5TLY OPPOS$ DIALECTICS & FAVOR$ EI!R POSITIVISM OR MY/ICISM 9/EAD4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( ANY DIALECTICAL !ORY ( HI/ORY - UNLESS ONE WANTS TO BELIEVE ?AT HUMANITY IS CURR5TLY PROGRESS+ T[>D MUTUAL AID 9 ! =M ( ONE SORT ( COLLECTIVE OR O!R - AN>*ISM H>DLY RISES BEYOND A 0VISION40 ,ITS MO/ APPROPRIATE 0PHILOSOPHY10 9 MY VIEW1 IS ACTUALLY PO/MOD]NISM1 ) ITS RADICAL FRAGM5TATION ( REALITY1 ITS *AOS1 ITS VACU\S SPONTANEITY1 & AS ,FEY]AB5D PUT IT1 ! NOTION ?AT 0ANY?+ GOES40 ,AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS %[N LITTLE REG>D = ! PLACE ( REASON 9 HI/ORY1 & !Y HAVE NOT C>$ = A S]I\S APPRECIATION ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ) AN 5DEAVOR TO DI/+UI% ! PRECONDITIONAL 9 KEY SOCIAL DEVELOPM5TS 7:]E ,M>X (T5 EXCELL$7 FROM ! CONDITIONAL4 ,H]E1 ,I COMPLETELY AGREE ) ,M>X'S /ATEM5T 9 ! ,EI*I/S1 ,I F9D1 SU* VIEWS >E HE9\S4 ,AS ,COL9 ,W>D PUTS IT1 0AN>*Y0 IS ! WOND]FUL SOCIETY ?AT1 LIKE SOIL1 LIES B5EA? ! SN[ 7( CAPITALISM1 ! /ATE1 RELIGION1 & OPPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS G5]ALLY72 ! SN[ ONLY HAS TO MELT AWAY1 & !N WE WILL HAVE \R ,WOND]L&4 ,KROPOTK9 SEEMS TO HAVE HAD NO GREAT] APPRECIATION ?AN O!R AN>*I/ !ORI/S = ! MUTUAL 9T]ACTION BETWE5 ! LEGACY ( DOM9ATION & ! LEGACY ( FRE$OM 9 HI/ORY4 ,W>D'S 0SN[0 METAPHOR IS MOREOV] V]Y MU* 9 TUNE ) ,BAKUN9'S CONT9UAL RELIANCE ON AN ALLEG$ 9/9CT = REVOLUTION ?AT LIES LAT5T 9 WORK]S & PEASANTS1 & ,KROPOTK9'S T5D5CY TO FALL BACK ON AN 9/9CT = MUTUAL AID4 ,:ILE ,I W\LD >GUE ?AT ! REJECTION ( ANY LIMITATION ON BEHAVIOR IS SYMPTOMATIC ( AN>*ISM'S 9DIVIDUALI/IC BASIS1 ! WAY AN>*I/S >E 9VOK+ 09/9CT0 AS AN ALT]NATIVE SOCIAL F\NDATION NOT ONLY MAKES A MOCK]Y ( REASON BUT ALSO R$UCES US TO A QUASI-ANIMALI/IC EXI/5CE4 ,! ABS5CE ( ANY REAL HI/ORICAL S5SE - :I* MAKES AN>*Y POSSIBLE ANYTIME1 EV5 9 ! 0AFFLU5T0 SOCIETIES ( ! ,PALEOLI?IC & ,NEOLI?IC - EASILY LEADS AN>*I/S 9TO PRIMITIVISM & TE*NOPHOBIA4 ,( C\RSE1 ! DISREG>D = DIALECTICAL REASON1 9DE$ ! ANTAGONISM T[>D IT1 FITS 9 ) ! ANTI-RATIONALISM ?AT P]VADES MU* ( AN>*ISM2 IT IS PRECISELY ! HYPO/ATIZATION ( 9/9CT1 HABIT1 & TRADITION1 ?AT LEADS AN>*I/S 9TO MY/ICISM & ANTI-RATIONALISM1 & RE9=CES !IR PROCLIVITY = PRIMITIVISM4.<#b#i.> ,H5CE AN>*ISM DOES NOT PAY ANY ATT5TION TO ! 0=MS ( FRE$OM10 NOR TO ! IMP]ATIVE MAT]IAL1 TE*NOLOGICAL1 & CULTURAL PRECONDITIONS = A FREE & RATIONAL SOCIETY4 ,FEW IF ANY ( ! MAJOR AN>*I/ !ORI/S CLE>LY FAC$ ! PROBLEM ( SU* 9/ITUTIONS1 & C]TA9LY NONE ( !M TODAY PROPOSE TO DEAL ) IT4 ,DOZ5S ( QUE/IONS & ISSUES1 RANG+ FROM PHILOSOPHY TO ! 9T]PRETATION ( HI/ORY1 TO ! EVALUATION ( POLITICS1 CAPITALISM1 ORGANIZATION1 PROGRAMS1 & SO ON1 SIMPLY REMA9 BEYOND ! PURVIEW ( AN>*ISM4 ,9 MY M9D1 !SE NOTIONS TAK5 TOGE!R =M A COMPLETE FIT1 ON A LEVEL MORE BASIC ?AN ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ONE =M ( AN>*ISM & ANO!R4 ,?AT AN>*ISM'S COMMITM5T TO ! EGO \TWEII\SLY COLOR$ SOCIALI/IC V5E]S IS EVID5T 9 ITS HI/ORY4 ,IT IS HI*I/S HAVE BE5 NOTORI\SLY UNABLE TO DEVELOP BEYOND A SMALL GR\P LEVEL OR TO =M ORGANIZATIONS4 ,:Y NOT8 WE ASK \RSELVES4 ,:AT /&S 9 ! WAY1 ,I ASSURE Y\1 IS NOT ! 0COMMUNI/IC0 DIM5SION ( AN>*ISM - IT IS ITS F\NDATIONAL 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,BETWE5 #aiag & #a#i#b#a1 9 ,EUROPE'S CLIMACTIC REVOLUTION>Y YE>S1 AN>*ISM PLAY$ NO MAJOR ROLE 7AL?\< V>I\S SYNDICALI/S (T5 TEMPOR>ILY ?\*I/S74 ,9 #a#i#a#g1 = EXAMPLE1 ,RUSSIAN AN>*ISM1 MU* TO ITS DISCR$IT1 DID NOT EMBRACE SYNDICALISM BUT YIELD$ TO ! ,MOSC[ 0H\SE EXPROPRIATORS40 ,:AT GAVE AN>*ISM A SEMBLANCE ( A MASS FOLL[+ WAS SYNDICALISM1 A =M ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM4 ,IT WAS SYNDICALI/S1 NOT AN>*I/S1 :O BUILT ! ,C,N,T1 & H5CE ! ,C,N,T IS AN EXAMPLE NOT ( AN>*ISM BUT ( SYNDICALISM4 ,! AN>*I/S =M$ A VOLATILE BUT V]Y SMALL FRACTION )9 ! ,C,N,T1 CONSI/+ ( SMALL LOOSELY /RUCTUR$ AFF9ITY GR\PS 9SIDE V]Y HIREL$ 5DLESSLY ) ! SYNDICALI/S4.<#c.> ,! CONT9U+ DEM& ( ! AN>*I/ GRUPI/AS1 9 ! #a#i#bS1 WAS TO REJECT ! NE$ = DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAK+ & DEM& EV] MORE DEC5TRALIZATION )9 :AT WAS ALREADY A LOOSE & UN/ABLE CONF$]ATION - TO ! PO9T :]E ! 9DIVIDUAL GR\P %\LD BE ABLE TO FUNCTION ON ITS [N1 AUTONOM\SLY1 AS IT SAW FIT4 ,H]E ! AN>*I/S HELD TRUE TO ! IDEAS ( ,PR\DHON & ,KROPOTK91 QUOT$ ABOVE4 ,?R\<\T ! #a#i#cS ! FAI/AS W]E 9 5DLESS CONFLICTS ) ! C5ETI/AS4 ,TRAGICALLY1 9 #aicc ! GRUPI/AS DRAGG$ ! MOVEM5T 9TO ! DISA/R\S 0CYCLE ( 9SURRECTIONS0 ?AT CONTRIBUT$ SIGNIFICANTLY TO ! \TBREAK ( ! CIVIL W>1 = :I* ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I WAS TOTALLY UNPREP>$4 ,AN>*Y OR ,LIB]T>IAN ,MUNICIPALISM8 ,AP>T FROM ! SYNDICALI/S1 MANY ( :OM W]E DECID$LY NOT AN>*I/S1 AN>*ISM HAS %[N LITTLE REG>D = 9/ITUTIONS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 ,9 FACT1 ! TOTAL ID5TIFICATION ( POLITICS ) ! /ATE LEADS AN>*I/S TO PIT PURELY SOCIAL ACTIONS & PH5OM5A AGA9/ ! /ATE1 LEAD+ TO 9CID5TS1 0DIRECT ACTIONS0 SU* AS 0RECLAIM+ ! /REETS10 COOP]ATIVES1 SQUATS1 & M]E =MS ( M]RIM5T OR !AT] ?AT ,I CAN NO LONG] TAKE S]I\SLY AS POLITICAL WORK4 ,SOME ( !SE ACTIONS >E USEFUL GYMNA/ICS OR TRA9+ ON COOP]ATION1 BUT !Y EXHIBIT NO CONC]N = OR 9T]E/ 9 P[]4 ,LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 BY CONTRA/1 IS CONC]N$ ) P[] - & :O WILL HAVE IT4 ,H[ CAN P[] BE ACQUIR$ & COMMUNALLY MANAG$ BY ! OPPRESS$8 ,9 :AT LIB]T>IAN 9/ITUTIONS %\LD IT BE COLLECT$8 ,H[ DOES ONE MOVE T[>D CREAT+ ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS8 ,POPUL> ASSEMBLIES1 9 MY VIEW1 >E ! MEANS BY :I* DIRECT DEMOCRACY CAN BE 9/ITUTIONALIZ$4 ,:ILE AN>*ISM HAS NO POLITICS1 LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS 9T5SELY POLITICAL4 ,IT IS MY HOPE ?AT A LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ PROGRAM WILL RESONATE AMONG RESPONSIBLE & ?9K+ PEOPLE :O >E CONC]N$ ) :]E P[] WILL REPOSE 9 A FREE & RATIONAL SOCIETY4 ,LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS NOT ONLY ! 5D - ! POLITICAL 9FRA/RUCTURE = ! FUTURE SOCIETY - BUT ! MEANS2 A R>E CONFLU5CE ( MEANS & 5DS ?AT HAS NOT BE5 WORK$ \T 9 EI!R ,M>XISM OR AN>*ISM4 ,H5CE IT IS A MATT] ( VITAL IMPORTANCE ?AT :5 WE RUN C&IDATES TO MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS1 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE POPUL> ASSEMBLIES & CONF$]AL /RUCTURES1 !Y >E AS A MATT] ( CIVIC & POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY OBLIG$ TO TAKE (FICE1 OR ELSE !RE IS NO PO9T 9 ADVOCAT+ A LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ PROGRAM4 ,?US TO RUN C&IDATES :O WILL NOT OCCUPY SEATS ON CITY C\NCILS OR SIMIL> 9/ITUTIONS IS TO TURN LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM 9TO A !AT] OR PROPAG&A = O!R 5DS4 ,IT DOES NOT %[ ANY TRUE CONC]N = H[ P[] WILL BE 9/ITUTIONALIZ$2 9DE$ IT MAKES A MOCK]Y ( ! POT5TIALITIES ( ! MUNICIPALITY = CREAT+ AN EMP[]$ PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY4 ,WE >E FAC$ ) A REAL DILEMMA4 ,IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO GOV]N OR MANAGE SOCIETY FROM ! 0GR\ND UP0 9 AN IMM5SELY POPUL\S & GLOBAL WORLD4 ,I 5VISION CONF$]ATIONS )9 CONF$]ATIONS1 ESS5TIALLY /RUCTUR$ >\ND LOCAL1 CITYWIDE1 C\NTYWIDE1 PROV9CIAL1 REGIONAL1 & NATIONAL CONF$]AL C\NCILS BAS$ ON DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES4 ,! LOGIC ( AN>*I/ ?\*I/S EXTOLL 0FREE AGREEM5TS0 !Y EXPRESS A VOLUNT>ISM BY :I* 9DIVIDUALS & COMMUNITIES NOT ONLY CONF$]ATE TOGE!R BUT MAY )DRAW FROM !SE CONF$]ATIONS AT WILL1 MAK+ COLLECTIVE SOCIAL & POLITICAL LIFE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,POPUL> ASSEMBLIES1 :I* W\LD ULTIMATELY VALIDATE LAWS & CON/ITUTIONS1 MU/ OP]ATE ) A DEEP S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY = ONE ANO!R BY MAJORITY VOTES & )9 A FRAMEWORK ?AT LIMITS !IR RIIAN ?\IAN ORGANIZATION4 ,TO ?IS 5D1 ,I SUGGE/ ?AT WE MU/ WORK TO CREATE A DEMOCRATIC =M ( GOV]NM5T1 ONE ?AT IS LIB]T>IAN & MUNICIPALI/4 ,I PREF] ! WORD GOV]NM5T H]E TO SELF-MANAGEM5T OR EV5 SELF-GOV]NM5T = SEV]AL REASONS1 MO/ IMPORTANTLY BECAUSE CONCEPTS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T & SELF-GOV]NM5T SEEM TO ME TO CONTA9 ! IMPLICATION - RE9=C$ BY ?IS BUS9ESS-ORI5T$ & N>CISSI/IC SOCIETY - ?AT SOCIAL LIFE IS BASICALLY AN AGGLOM]ATION ( AUTONOM\S EGOS1 OR 0SELVES10 & ?AT COMMUNAL LIFE CAN BE R$UC$ TO !M4 ,9DE$1 MANY AN>*I/S (T5 REF] TO 0SELF-GOV]NM5T0 :5 DESCRIB+ !IR DISMISSAL ( ANY K9D ( OBLIGATIONS ( ANY SORT AS AU?ORIT>IAN OR CO]CIVE OR WORSE1 S9CE !Y >E DEM&+ UNRE/RICT$ RILY DI/+UI% BETWE5 AN>*Y & MY IDEAS ( LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM4 ,AFT] #d EXHAU/+ YE>S 9 ! AN>*I/ SC5E1 ,I'VE BE5 =C$ TO CONCLUDE ?AT 0AN>*ISM0 IS MORE SYMPTOMATIC ( ! DECAD5CE ?AT M>KS ! PRES5T ]A ?AN A =CE 9 OPPOSITION TO IT4 ,IT IS MY DESIRE1 9 ! TIME ?AT ,I HAVE LEFT1 TO GET \T ( ! AN>*I/ 0LOOP0 7AS ?IS G5]ATION LIKES TO PUT IT7 BE=E IT TURNS 9TO A NOOSE & /RANGLES ME4 ,I'VE TRI$ TO RESCUE A SOCIAL AN>*ISM1 ) SOCIAL ECOLOGY & LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 FROM ! RE/ ( AN>*ISM2 BUT ! RESPONSE TO !SE EF=TS HAVE L$ ME TO CONCLUDE ?AT ?IS HAS BE5 A FAILURE AMONG AN>*I/S4 ,) A FEW NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS1 !Y SIMPLY DON'T WANT !SE IDEAS - & ?AT IS ?AT4 ,I W\LD LIKE TO PUT ALL ! DI/ANCE ,I CAN BETWE5 ?IS SC5E & MYSELF4 ,YET ,I W\LD ALSO LIKE TO BELIEVE ?AT WE CAN DEVELOP A SYN!SIS ( ! BE/ 9 ,M>X'S WRIT+S & 9 ! AN>*I/ TRADITION - A COMMUNALISM ?AT WILL BE MEAN+FUL & RELEVANT TO S]I\S1 RESPONSIBLE PEOPLE 9 ! YE>S AHEAD4 ,?IS IS ! PROJECT ?AT IS N[ DE>E/ TO MY HE>T1 NOT AN ATTEMPT TO RESCUE MOVEM5TS & TRADITIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 \TLIV$ BY HI/ORY4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/