,FRANCISCO ,F]R] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE 

,TAGS 3 SOCIAL ORD] ( SPA91 MOD]N S*OOL ( B>CELONA1 DIT* ( MONTJUI*1 MASS ( PEOPLE1 *UR* ( SPA91 S*OOL ( B>CELONA1 MOD]N S*OOL1 MOD]N S*OOLS1 POPUL> $UCATION1 RELIGI\S ORD]S4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,OBRA FOTOGRAFICA DE ,F$]ICO ,ROM]O1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE  ,9 ALL UNSUCCESSFUL SOCIAL UPHEAVALS !RE >E TWO T]RORS3 ! ,R$--?AT IS1 ! PEOPLE1 ! MOB2 ! ,:ITE--?AT IS1 ! REPRISAL4  

 ,:5 A YE> AGO TO-DAY ! LI<TN+ ( ! ,:ITE ,T]ROR %OT \T ( ?AT NE!RE/ BLACKNESS ( ,SOCIAL ,DEP?1 ! ,SPANI% ,TORTURE ,H\SE1 & LAID 9 ! DIT* ( ,MONTJUI* A HUMAN BE+ :O BUT A MOM5T BE=E HAD BE5 ! P]SONIFICATION ( MANHOOD1 9 ! FL[] ( LIFE1 9 ! /R5G? & PRIDE ( A BALANC$ 9TELLECT1 FULL ( ! PURPOSE ( A GREAT & GR[+ UND]TAK+1-- ?AT ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOLS1--HUMANITY AT L>GE RECEIV$ A BL[ 9 ! FACE :I* IT C\LD NOT UND]/&4  

 ,/UNN$1 BEWILD]$1 %OCK$1 IT RECOIL$ & /OOD GAP+ ) A/ONI%M5T4 ,H[ TO EXPLA9 IT 8 ,! AV]AGE 9DIVIDUAL--C]TA9LY ! AV]AGE 9DIVIDUAL 9 ,AM]ICA--C\LD NOT BELIEVE IT POSSIBLE ?AT ANY GR\P ( P]SONS CALL+ !MSELVES A GOV]NM5T1 LET IT BE ( ! WOR/ & MO/ DESPOTIC1 C\LD SLAY A MAN = BE+ A TEA*]1 A TEA*] ( MOD]N SCI5CES1 A BUILD] ( HYGI5IC S*OOLS1 A PUBLI%] ( TEXT-BOOKS4 ,NO3 !Y C\LD NOT BELIEVE IT4 ,!IR M9DS /AGG]$ BACK & %OOK REFUSAL4 ,IT WAS NOT SO2 IT C\LD NOT BE SO4 ,! MAN WAS %OT1--?AT WAS SURE4 ,HE WAS DEAD1 & !RE WAS NO RAIS+ HIM \T ( ! DIT* TO QUE/ION HIM4 ,! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T HAD C]TA9LY PROCE$$ 9 AN UNJU/IFIABLE MANN]  9 C\RT-M>TIAL+ HIM & S5T5C+ HIM )\T GIV+ HIM A *ANCE AT DEF5SE4 ,BUT SURELY HE HAD BE5 GUILTY ( SOME?+2 SURELY HE MU/ HAVE RIOT$1 OR 9/IGAT$ RIOT1 OR DONE SOME DESP]ATE ACT ( REBELLION2 = NEV] C\LD IT BE ?AT 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY A C\NTRY ( ,EUROPE C\LD KILL A PEACEFUL MAN :OSE AIM 9 LIFE WAS TO $UCATE *ILDR5 9 GEOGRAPHY1 >I?METIC1 GEOLOGY1 PHYSICS1 *EMI/RY1 S++1 & LANGUAGES4  

 ,NO3 IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE6--,&1 = ALL ?AT1 IT WAS POSSIBLE2 IT WAS DONE1 ON ! #a#c? ( ,OCTOB]1 ONE YE> AGO TO-DAY1 9 ! FACE ( ,EUROPE1 /&+ ) TI$ H&S TO LOOK ON AT ! MURD]4  

 ,& FROM ?AT DAY ON1 CONTROV]SY BETWE5 ! AWAK5$ :O UND]/OOD1 ! REACTIONI/S :O LIKEWISE UND]/OOD1 & !IR FOLL[]S ON BO? SIDES :O HAVE HALF UND]/OOD1 HAS SURG$ UP & D[N & LEFT CONFUSION PRETTY BADLY CONF\ND$ 9 ! M9D ( HIM :O DID NOT UND]/&1 BUT S\<T TO4  

 ,! M5 :O DID HIM TO DEA?1 & ! 9/ITUTIONS !Y REPRES5T HAVE DONE ALL 9 !IR P[] TO CREATE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ,F]R] WAS A BELIEV] 9 VIOL5CE1 A TEA*] ( ! PR9CIPLES ( VIOL5CE1 A DO] ( ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 & AN 9/IGATOR ( WIDESPREAD VIOL5CE P]PETRAT$ BY A MASS ( PEOPLE4 ,9 SUPPORT ( ! FIR/ !Y HAVE PUBLI%$ REPORTS PURPORT+ TO BE HIS [N WRIT+S1 HAVE PRET5D$ TO REPRODUCE S$ITI\S PICTURES FROM ! WALLS ( HIS CLASS-ROOMS1 HAVE DECL>$ ?AT HE WAS SE5 M+L+ ) ! REBELS DUR+ ! ,CATALONIAN UPRIS+ ( LA/ YE>1 & ?AT UPON TRIAL HE WAS F\ND GUILTY ( HAV+ CONCEIV$ & LAUN*$ ! ,SPANI% REBELLION AGA9/ ! ,MOROCCAN W>4 ,& ?AT HIS DEA? WAS A JU/ ACT ( REPRISAL4  

 ,ON ! O!R H&1 WE HAVE HAD A /ORM ( 9DIGNANT VOICES CLAMOR+ 9 HIS DEF5SE1 ALT]NATELY ADMITT+ & D5Y+ HIM TO BE A REVOLUTIONI/1 ALT]NATELY CONT5D+ ?AT HIS S*OOLS TAU<T SOCIAL REBELLION & ?AT !Y TAU<T NO?+ BUT PURE SCI5CE2 WE HAVE HAD WORKM5 DEMON/RAT+ & PR(ESSORS & LITT]ATEURS PROTE/+ ON V]Y OPPOSITE GR\NDS2 & ALMO/ NONE W]E ABLE TO GIVE DEF9ITE 9=MATION = ! FAI? ?AT WAS 9 !M4  

 ,& 9DE$ IT HAS BE5 V]Y DIFFICULT TO OBTA9 EXACT 9=MATION1 & /ILL IS SO4 ,AFT] A YE>'S LAPSE1 IT IS YET NOT EASY TO GET ! FACTS DIS5TANGL$ FROM ! FANCIES1-- ! TRU?S FROM ! LIES1 & ABOVE ALL FROM ! HALF-LIES4  

 ,& EV5 :5 WE HAVE ! TRU?S AS TO ! FACTS1 IT IS /ILL DIFFICULT TO VALUATE !M1 BECAUSE ( ,AM]ICAN' IGNORANCE ( ,SPANI% IGNORANCE4 ,PLEASE UND]/& ! PHRASE4 ,AM]ICA HAS NOT TOO MU* TO BOA/ ( 9 ! WAY ( ITS LE>N+2 BUT YET IT HAS ?AT MU* ( COMMON KN[L$GE & COMMON $UCATION ?AT IT DOES NOT 5T] 9TO \R M9DS TO CONCEIVE ( A POPULATION #f#h.0 ( :I* >E UNABLE TO READ & WRITE1 & A GOOD %>E ( ! REMA9+ #c#b.0 CAN ONLY READ1 NOT WRITE2 NEI!R DOES IT AT ALL 5T] \R HEADS TO ?9K ?AT ( ?IS #c#b.0 ( ! BETT] 9=M$1 ! MO/ P[]FUL CONT+5T IS COMPOS$ ( ?OSE :OSE DI/9CT1 AV[$1 & DELIB]ATE PURPOSE IT IS TO KEEP ! IGNORANT IGNORANT4 

 ,:ATEV] MAY BE ! S9S ( ,GOV]NM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 OR ( ! ,*UR*ES--& !RE >E PL5TY ( SU* S9S--AT LEA/ !Y HAVE NOT 7SAVE 9 ! CASE ( NEGRO SLAVES7 CON/ITUT$ !MSELVES A CONSPIRATICAL =CE TO KEEP \T 5LI<T5M5T1--TO PREV5T ! PEOPLE FROM LE>N+ TO READ & WRITE1 OR TO ACQUIRE :ATEV] SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE !IR ECONOMIC CIRCUM/ANCES P]MITT$ !M TO4 ,:AT ! UNCONSCI\S CONSPIRACY ( ECONOMIC CIRCUM/ANCE HAS DONE1 & :AT CONSCI\S MANIPULATIONS ! ,GOV]NM5T S*OOL IS GUILTY (1 TO R5D] HI<] $UCATION A PRIVILEGE ( ! RI* & A MA9TA9] ( 9JU/ICE IS ANO!R MATT]4 ,BUT IT CANNOT BE *>G$ ?AT ! RUL]S ( ,AM]ICA SEEK TO R5D] ! PEOPLE ILLIT]ATE4 ,PEOPLE1 !RE=E1 :O HAVE GR[N UP 9 A G5]AL ATMOSPH]E ( ?\<T :I* REG>DS ! GOV]NM5T AS A PROVID] ( $UCATION1 EV5 AS A COMPELL] ( $UCATION1 DO NOT1 UNLESS !IR ATT5TION IS DRAWN TO ! FACTS1 CONCEIVE ( A /ATE ( SOCIETY 9 :I* GOV]NM5T IS A HO/ILE =CE1 OPPOS$ TO ! 5LI<T5M5T ( ! PEOPLE1--ITS POLITICIANS EX]CIS+ ALL !IR +5UITY TO SIDETRACK ! DEM& ( ! PEOPLE = S*OOLS4 ,H[ MU* LESS DO !Y CONCEIVE ! HO/ILE =CE & P[] ( A ,*UR*1 HAV+ BEH9D IT AN UNBROK5 DESC5T FROM FEUDAL AGES1 :OSE DIRECT 9T]E/ IT IS TO MA9TA9 A CLOS$ MONOPOLY ( LE>N+1 & TO KEEP \T ( G5]AL CIRCULATION ALL SCI5TIFIC 9=MATION :I* W\LD T5D TO DE/ROY ! SUP]/ITIONS :]EBY IT ?RIVES4  

 ,I SAY ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE 9 G5]AL >E NOT 9=M$ AS TO !SE CONDITIONS1 & !RE=E ! PH5OM5ON ( A TEA*] KILL$ = 9/ITUT+ & MA9TA9+ S*OOLS /AGG]S !IR BELIEF4 ,& :5 !Y READ ! ASS]TIONS ( ?OSE :O DEF5D ! MURD]1 ?AT IT WAS BECAUSE HIS S*OOLS W]E 9/IGAT+ ! OV]?R[ ( SOCIAL ORD] 9 ,SPA91 !Y NATURALLY EXCLAIM3 0,AH1 ?AT EXPLA9S IT6 ,! MAN TAU<T S$ITION1 REBELLION1 RIOT1 9 HIS S*OOLS6 ,?AT IS ! REASON40  

 ,N[ ! TRU? IS1 ?AT :AT ,F]R] WAS TEA*+ 9 HIS S*OOLS WAS REALLY 9/IGAT+ ! OV]?R[ ( ! SOCIAL ORD] ( ,SPA92 FUR!RMORE IT WAS NOT ONLY 9/IGAT+ IT1 BUT IT WAS MAK+ IT AS C]TA9 AS ! /ILL COM+ ( ! DAYLI<T \T ( ! NI<T ( ! EA/4 ,BUT NOT BY ! TEA*+ ( RIOT2 ( ! USE ( DAGG]1 BOMB1 OR KNIFE2 BUT BY ! TEA*+ ( ! SAME SCI5CES :I* >E TAU<T 9 \R PUBLIC S*OOLS1 ?R\< A G5]ALLY DIFFUS$ KN[L$GE ( :I* ! P[] ( ,SPA9'S DESPOTIC ,*UR* MU/ CRUMBLE AWAY4 ,LIKEWISE IT WAS LAY+ ! PRIM>Y F\NDATION = ! OV]?R[ ( SU* PORTIONS ( ! ,/ATE ORGANIZATION AS EXI/ BY REASON ( ! G5]AL IGNORANCE ( ! PEOPLE4  

 ,! ,SOCIAL ,ORD] ( ,SPA9 \<T TO BE OV]?R[N2 MU/ BE OV]?R[N1 WILL BE OV]?R[N2 & ,F]R] WAS DO+ A MI<TY WORK 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,! M5 :O KILL$ HIM KNEW & UND]/OOD IT WELL4 ,& !Y CONSCI\SLY KILL$ HIM = :AT HE REALLY DID2 BUT !Y HAVE LET ! \TSIDE WORLD SUPPOSE !Y DID IT1 = :AT HE DID NOT DO4 ,KN[+ !RE >E NO WORDS SO HAT$ BY ALL GOV]NM5TS AS 0S$ITION & REBELLION10 KN[+ ?AT SU* WORDS WILL MAKE ! MO/ RADICAL ( GOV]NM5TS ALIGN ITSELF ) ! MO/ DESPOTIC AT ONCE1 KN[+ !RE IS NO?+ :I* SO (F5DS ! MAJORITY ( CONS]VATIVE & PEACE-LOV+ PEOPLE EV]Y:]E AS ! IDEA ( VIOL5CE UNORD]$ BY AU?ORITY1 !Y HAVE WILLFULLY CREAT$ ! IMPRESSION ?AT ,F]R]'S S*OOLS W]E PLACES :]E *ILDR5 & Y\?S W]E TAU<T TO H&LE WEAPONS1 & TO MAKE READY = >M$ ATTACKS ON ! GOV]NM5T4 

 ,!Y HAVE1 AS ,I SAID BE=E1 CREAT$ ?IS IMPRESSION 9 V>I\S WAYS2 !Y HAVE PO9T$ TO ! FACT ?AT ! MAN :O 9 #aif MADE ! ATTACK ON ,ALFONSO'S LIFE1 HAD ACT$ AS A TRANSLATOR ( BOOKS US$ BY ,F]R] 9 HIS S*OOLS2 !Y HAVE SCATT]$ OV] ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA PICTURES PURPORT+ TO BE REPRODUCTIONS ( DRAW+S 9 PROM95T WALL-SPACES 9 HIS S*OOLS1 RECOMM5D+ ! VIOL5T OV]?R[ ( ! GOV]NM5T4  

 ,AS TO ! FIR/ ( !SE ACCUSATIONS1 ,I %ALL CONSID] IT LAT] 9 ! LECTURE2 BUT AS TO ! LA/1 IT %\LD BE 5\< TO REM9D ANY P]SON ) AN ORD9>Y AM\NT ( REFLECTION1 ?AT ! S*OOLS W]E PUBLIC PLACES OP5 TO ANY ONE1 AS \R S*OOLS >E2 & ?AT IF ANY SU* PICTURES HAD EXI/$1 !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 SUFFICI5T CAUSE = %UTT+ UP ! S*OOLS & 9C>C]AT+ ! F\ND] )9 A DAY AFT] !IR APPE>ANCE ON ! WALLS4 ,! ,SPANI% ,GOV]NM5T HAS ?AT MU* S5SE ( H[ TO PRES]VE ITS [N EXI/5CE1 ?AT IT W\LD NOT ALL[ SU* PICTURES TO HANG 9 A PUBLIC PLACE = ONE DAY4 ,NOR W\LD BOOKS PREA*+ S$ITION HAVE BE5 P]MITT$ TO BE PUBLI%$ OR CIRCULAT$4--,ALL ?IS IS FOOLI% DU/ S\<T TO BE ?R[N 9 FOOLI% EYES4  

 ,NO2 ! REAL (F5SE WAS ! REAL ?+ ?AT HE DID4 ,& 9 ORD] TO APPRECIATE ITS 5ORMITY1 FROM ! ,SPANI% RUL+ =CE'S /&PO9T1 LET US N[ CONSID] :AT ?AT RUL+ =CE IS1 :AT >E ! ECONOMIC & $UCATIONAL CONDITIONS ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE1 :Y & H[ ,F]R] F\ND$ ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOLS1 & :AT W]E ! SUBJECTS TAU<T !RE94  

 ,UP TO ! YE> #aheg !RE EXI/$ NO LEGAL PROVISION = G5]AL ELEM5T>Y $UCATION 9 ,SPA94 ,9 ?AT YE>1 [+ TO ! LIB]ALS HAV+ GOTT5 9TO P[] 9 ,MADRID1 AFT] A BITT] CONTE/ >\S$ P>TIALLY BY ! G5]AL POLITICAL EV5TS ( ,EUROPE1 A LAW MAK+ ELEM5T>Y $UCATION COMPULSORY WAS PASS$4 ,?IS WAS TWO YE>S BE=E ,F]R]'S BIR?4  

 ,N[ IT IS ONE ?+ = A POLITICAL P>TY1 TEMPOR>ILY 9 POSSESSION ( P[]1 TO PASS A LAW4 ,IT IS QUITE ANO!R ?+ TO MAKE ?AT LAW EFFECTIVE1 EV5 :5 WEAL? & G5]AL S5TIM5T >E BEH9D IT4 ,BUT :5 JO9$ TO ! FACT ?AT !RE IS A /RONG OPPOSITION IS ADD$ ! FACT ?AT ?IS OPPOSITION IS 9 POSSESSION ( ! GREATE/ WEAL? ( ! C\NTRY1 ?AT ! PEOPLE TO BE B5EFIT$ >E (T5 QUITE AS BITT]LY OPPOS$ TO !IR [N 5LI<T5M5T AS ?OSE :O PR(IT BY !IR IGNORANCE1 & ?AT ?OSE :O DO >D5TLY DESIRE !IR [N UPLIFT >E EXTREMELY POOR1 ! DIFFICULTY ( PRACTICALIZ+ ?IS $UCATIONAL LAW IS P>TIALLY APPRECIAT$4  

 ,F]R]'S [N BOYHOOD LIFE IS AN ILLU/RATION ( H[ MU* B5EFIT ! *ILDR5 ( ! PEASANTRY REAP$ FROM ! $UCATIONAL LAW4 ,HIS P>5TS W]E V9E DRESS]S2 !Y W]E EM95TLY OR?ODOX & BELIEV$ :AT !IR PRIE/ 7:O WAS PROBABLY ! ONLY MAN 9 ! LITTLE VILLAGE ( ,ALELLA ABLE TO READ7 TOLD !M3 ?AT ! ,LIB]ALS W]E ! EMISS>IES ( ,SATAN & ?AT :ATEV] !Y DID WAS UTT]LY EVIL4 ,!Y WANT$ NO SU* EVIL ?+ AS POPUL> $UCATION AB\T1 & W\LD NOT ?AT !IR *ILDR5 %\LD HAVE IT4 ,ACCORD+LY1 EV5 AT #ac YE>S ( AGE1 ! BOY WAS )\T $UCATION1--A CIRCUM/ANCE :I* 9 AFT] YE>S MADE HIM MORE ANXI\S ?AT O!RS %\LD NOT SUFF] AS HE HAD4  

 ,IT IS SELF-UND]/OOD ?AT IF IT WAS DIFFICULT TO F\ND S*OOLS 9 ! CITIES :]E !RE EXI/$ A DEGREE ( POPUL> CLAMOR = !M1 IT WAS NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE 9 ! RURAL DI/RICTS :]E PEOPLE LIKE ,F]R]'S P>5TS W]E ! TYPICAL 9HABITANTS4 ,! BE/ RESULT OBTA9$ BY ?IS LAW 9 ! #b YE>S FROM #aheg TO #ahgg WAS ?AT1 \T ( #a#f11 PEOPLE1 #d11 W]E !N ABLE TO READ & WRITE1--#g#e.0 REMA9+ ILLIT]ATE4 ,AT ! 5D ( #aig ! PROPORTION WAS ALT]$ TO #f11 LIT]ATE \T ( #a#h1#e1 POPULATION1 :I* MAY BE CONSID]$ AS A FAIRLY CORRECT APPROXIMATE ( ! PRES5T CONDITION4  

 ,ONE ( ! V]Y GREAT ACC\NT+ CAUSES = ?IS SITUATION IS ! EXTREME POV]TY ( ! MASS ( ! POPULACE4 ,9 MANY DI/RICTS ( ,SPA9 A LABOR]'S WAGES >E LESS ?AN @s#a4 A WEEK1 & NO:]E DO !Y EQUAL ! POORE/ WORKMAN'S WAGES 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,( C\RSE1 IT IS UND]/OOD ?AT ! CO/ ( LIV+ IS LIKEWISE L[2 BUT IMAG9E IT AS L[ AS Y\ PLEASE1 IT IS /ILL EVID5T ?AT ! 9COME ( ! WORK]S IS TOO SMALL TO P]MIT !M TO SAVE ANY?+1 EV5 FROM ! MO/ FRUGAL LIV+4 ,! DIRE /RUGGLE TO SECURE FOOD1 CLO?+ & %ELT] IS SU* ?AT LITTLE 5]GY IS LEFT :]E) TO ASPIRE TO ANY?+1 TO DEM& ANY?+1 EI!R = !MSELVES OR !IR *ILDR54 ,UNLESS1 !RE=E1 ! GOV]NM5T PROVID$ ! BUILD+S1 ! BOOKS1 & APPLIANCES1 & PAID ! TEA*]S' SAL>IES1 IT IS EASY TO SEE ?AT ! PEOPLE MO/ 9 NE$ ( $UCATION >E LEA/ ABLE1 & LEA/ LIKELY1 TO PROVIDE IT = !MSELVES4 ,FUR!RMORE ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF1 UNLESS IT CAN TAX ! WEAL?I] CLASSES = IT1 CANNOT \T ( SU* AN IMPOV]I%$ S\RCE WR+ SUFFICI5T MEANS TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE S*OOLS & S*OOL EQUIPM5TS4  

 ,N[1 ! WEAL?IE/ CLASSES >E JU/ ! RELIGI\S ORD]S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! /ATEM5T ( ,MONSIGNOR ,JOSE ,VAL$A DE ,GUNJADO1 !SE ORD]S [N 1TWO-?IRDS ( ! MONEY ( ! C\NTRY & ONE-?IRD ( ! WEAL? 9 PROP]TY4 ,!SE ORD]S >E UTT]LY OPPOS$ TO ALL $UCATION EXCEPT SU* AS !Y !MSELVES FURNI%--A LAM5TABLE TRAVE/Y ON LE>N+4  

 ,AS A WRIT] :O HAS 9VE/IGAT$ !SE CONDITIONS P]SONALLY1 OBS]VES1 9 REPLY TO ! QUE/ION1 0,DOES NOT ! ,*UR* PROVIDE NUMB]S ( S*OOLS1 DAY & NI<T1 AT ITS [N EXP5SE80--E,IT DOES1--UNHAPPILY = ,SPA94I I ,IT PROVIDES S*OOLS :OSE PR9CIPAL AIM IS TO /R5G!N SUP]/ITION1 FOLL[ A M$IEVAL CURRICULUM1 KEEP \T SCI5TIFIC LI<T1--& PREV5T O!R & BETT] S*OOLS FROM BE+ E/ABLI%$4  

 ,A ,SPANI% $UCATIONAL J\RNAL  7,LA ,ESCUELA ,ESPANOLA7 1 NOT ,F]R]'S J\RNAL1 DECL>$ 9 #aig ?AT !SE S*OOLS W]E L>GELY 0)\T LI<T OR V5TILATION1 D5S ( DEA?1 IGNORANCE1 & BAD TRA9+40 ,IT WAS E/IMAT$ ?AT #e1 *ILDR5 DI$ EV]Y YE> 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! MIS*IEV\S *>ACT] ( ! S*OOL ROOMS4 ,& EV5 TO S*OOLS LIKE !SE1 !RE W]E HALF A MILLION *ILDR5 9 ,SPA9 :O C\LD GA9 NO ADMITTANCE4  

 ,AS TO ! TEA*]S1 !Y >E ALL[$ A SAL>Y RANG+ FROM @s#e4 TO @s#a4 A YE>2 BUT ?IS IS PROVID$1 NOT BY ! ,/ATE1 BUT ?R\< VOLUNT>Y DONATIONS FROM ! P>5TS4 ,SO ?AT A TEA*]1 9 ADDITION TO HIS LEGITIMATE FUNCTIONS1 MU/ P]=M ?OSE ( COLLECTOR ( HIS [N SAL>Y4  

 ,N[ CONCEIVE ?AT HE IS 5DEAVOR+ TO COLLECT IT FROM P>5TS :OSE WAGES AM\NT TO TWO OR ?REE DOLL>S A WEEK2 & Y\ WILL NOT BE SURPRIS$ AT ! CASE REPORT$ BY A ,MADRID PAP] 9 #aic ( A MA/]'S HAV+ CANVAS$ A DI/RICT TO F9D H[ MANY P>5TS W\LD CONTRIBUTE IF HE OP5$ A S*OOL4 ,\T ( ONE HUNDR$ FAMILIES1 ?REE PROMIS$ !IR SUPPORT6 

 ,IS IT ANY WOND] ?AT ! LAW ( COMPULSORY $UCATION IS A MOCK]Y 8 ,H[ C\LD IT BE ANY?+ ELSE8  

 ,N[ LET US LOOK AT ! PRODUCTS ( ?IS POPUL> IGNORANCE1 & WE %ALL PRES5TLY UND]/& :Y ! ,*UR* FO/]S IT1 :Y IT FI<TS $UCATION2 & ALSO :Y ! ,CATALONIAN 9SURRECTION ( #a#i#i1 :I* BEGAN AS A /RIKE ( WORK]S 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! ,MOROCCAN W>1 5D$ 9 MOB ATTACKS UPON CONV5TS1 MONA/]IES1 & *UR*ES4  

 ,I HAVE ALREADY QUOT$ ! /ATEM5T ( A HI< ,SPANI% PRELATE ?AT ! RELIGI\S ORD]S ( ,SPA9 [N TWO-?IRDS ( ! MONEY ( ,SPA91 & ONE-?IRD ( ! WEAL? 9 PROP]TY4 ,:E!R ?IS E/IMATE IS PRECISELY CORRECT OR NOT1 IT IS SUFFICI5TLY NE> CORRECTNESS TO MAKE US AW>E ?AT AT LEA/ A GREAT PORTION ( ! WEAL? ( ! C\NTRY HAS PASS$ 9TO !IR H&S1--A /ATE NOT WIDELY DIFF]+ FROM ?AT EXI/+ 9 ,FRANCE PRIOR TO ! GREAT ,REVOLUTION4 ,BE=E ! 9SURRECTION ( LA/ YE>1 ! CITY ( ,B>CELONA ALONE HAD #afe CONV5TS1 MANY ( :I* W]E EXCE$+LY RI*4 ,! PROV9CE ( ,CATALONIA MA9TA9$ #b4#c ( !SE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,ASIDE FROM !SE RELIGI\S ORD]S ) !IR ACCUMULATIONS ( WEAL?1 ! ,*UR* ITSELF1 ! UNIT$ BODY ( PRIE/S NOT 9 ORD]S1 IS IMM5SELY WEAL?Y4 ,CONCEIVE ?AT 9 ! ,CA!DRAL AT ,TOL$O !RE IS AN IMAGE ( ! ,VIRG9 :OSE W>DROBE ALONE W\LD BE SUFFICI5T TO BUILD HUNDR$S ( S*OOLS4 ,IMAG9E ?AT ?IS DOLL1 :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO SYMBOLIZE ! =LORN Y\NG WOMAN :O 9 H] PA9 & SORR[ & NE$ WAS DRIV5 TO SEEK %ELT] 9 A /ABLE1 :OSE LIFE WAS EV] L[LY1 & :O IS CALL$ ! ,MO!R ( ,SORR[S1 --IMAG9E ?AT ?IS IMAGE ( H] HAS BECOME A VULG> COQUETTE SPORT+ A ROBE :]E 9TO >E S[N #h#e1 PE>LS1 BESIDES AS MANY MORE SAPPHIRES1 AME?Y/S1 & DIAMONDS6  

 ,OH1 :AT A DECORATION = ! MO!R ( ! ,C>P5T] ( ,NAZ>E?6 ,:AT A VISION = ! DY+ EYES ON ! ,CROSS TO LOOK =W>D TO6 ,:AT AN \TCOME ( ! GOSPEL ( SALVATION FREE TO ! POOR & L[LY1 TAU<T BY ! POORE/ & ! L[LIE/1--?AT ! HUMBLE KEEP] ( ! HUMBLE H\SEHOLD ( ! DESPIS$ LITTLE VILLAGE ( ,JUDEA %\LD BE IMAG$ =? AS A ,QUE5 ( ,GAUDS1 B$IZ5$ ) A CR[N WOR? @s#b#e1 & BRACELETS VALU$ AT @s#a1 MORE4 ,! ,VIRG9 ,M>Y1 ! ,DAU<T] ( ! ,/ABLE1 TRANS=M$ 9TO A DIAMOND M]*ANT'S %[CASE6  

 ,& ?IS 9 ! MID/ ( M5 & WOM5 WORK+ = JU/ 5\< TO KEEP ! SK9 UPON ! BONE2 9 ! MID/ ( *ILDR5 :O >E D5I$ ! PRIM>Y NECESSITIES ( *ILDHOOD4  

 ,N[ ,I ASK Y\1 :5 ! FURY ( !SE PEOPLE BUR/1 AS UND] ! PROVOCATION !Y RECEIV$ IT WAS 9EVITABLE ?AT IT %\LD BUR/1 WAS IT ANY WOND] ?AT IT MANIFE/$ ITSELF 9 MOB VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! 9/ITUTIONS :I* MOCK !IR SUFF]+ BY ?IS USELESS1 S5SELESS1 CRIM9AL WA/E ( WEAL? 9 ! FACE ( UTT] NE$8  

 ,WILL SOME ONE N[ :ISP] 9 \R E>S ?AT !RE >E WOM5 9 ,AM]ICA :O DECORATE !MSELVES ) MORE JEWELS ?AN ! ,VIRG9 ( ,TOL$O1 & ?R[ AWAY ! PRICE ( A S*OOL ON A USELESS DECORATION 9 A S+LE NI<T2 :ILE )9 A RADIUS ( FIVE MILES FROM !M !RE >E ALSO UN$UCAT$ *ILDR51 = :OM \R ,S*OOL ,BO>DS CAN PROVIDE NO PLACE8 

 ,YES1 IT IS SO2 LET !M REMEMB] ! MOBS ( ,B>CELONA6  

 ,& LET ME REMEMB] ,I AM TALK+ AB\T ,SPA96  

 ,! QUE/ION NATURALLY 9TRUDES1 ,H[ DOES ! ,*UR*1 H[ DO ! RELIGI\S ORD]S MANAGE TO ACCUMULATE SU* WEAL?8 ,REMEMB] FIR/ ?AT !Y >E OLD1 & ( UNBROK5 CONT9UANCE = HUNDR$S ( YE>S4 ,?AT V>I\S =MS ( ACQUISITION1 9 OP]ATION = C5TURIES1 W\LD PRODUCE IMM5SE ACCUMULATIONS1 EV5 SUPPOS+ NO?+ BUT LEGITIMATE PUR*ASES & GIFTS4 ,BUT :5 WE CONSID] ! ACTUAL MEANS :]EBY MONEY IS DAILY ABSORB$ FROM ! PEOPLE BY !SE 9/ITUTIONS WE RECEIVE A %OCK :I* SETS ALL \R NOTIONS ( ! TRIUMPH ( ,MOD]N ,SCI5CE TOPSY-TURVY4  

 ,IT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO REALIZE1 & YET IT IS TRUE1 ?AT ! ,SPANI% ,*UR* /ILL DEALS 9 ?AT 9FAM\S 0GRAFT0 AGA9/ :I* ,M>T9 ,LU!R HURL$ ! SPL5DID =CE ( HIS WRA? F\R HUNDR$ YE>S AGO4 ,! ,*UR* ( ,SPA9 /ILL SELLS 9DULG5CES4 ,EV]Y ,CA?OLIC BOOK/ORE1 & EV]Y PRIE/1 HAS !M = SALE4 ,!Y >E CALL$ 0BULAS40 ,!IR PRICES RANGE FROM AB\T #ae TO #be C5TS1 & !Y CON/ITUTE AN ELA/IC EXCUSE = DO+ PRETTY MU* :AT ! POSSESSOR PLEASES TO DO1 PROVID+ IT IS NOT A CAPITAL CRIME1 = A DEF9ITELY NAM$ P]IOD4  

 ,PROBABLY !RE IS NO ONE 9 ,AM]ICA SO LITTLE ABLE TO BELIEVE ?IS CONDITION TO EXI/1 AS ! ORD9>Y WELL-9=M$ ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC4 ,I HAVE MYSELF LI/5$ TO PRIE/S ( ! ,ROMAN FAI? GIV+ ! CONDITIONS ON :I* P>DON = V5AL (F5SES MI<T BE OBTA9$2 & !Y HAD NO?+ TO DO ) MONEY4 ,!Y CONSI/$ 9 SAY+ A C]TA9 NUMB] ( PRAY]S AT /AT$ P]IODS1 ) SPECIFI$ 9T5T4 ,:ILE ?AT MAY BE A V]Y ILLOGICAL WAY ( PUTT+ ?+S TOGE!R ?AT HAVE NO CONNECTION1 !RE IS NO?+ 9 IT TO (F5D ONE'S IDEAS ( HONE/Y4 ,! 5LI<T5$ CONSCI5CE ( AN 5TIRE MASS ( PEOPLE HAS DEM&$ ?AT A SPIRITUAL (F5SE BE DEALT ) BY SPIRITUAL MEANS4 ,IT W\LD REVOLT AT ! IDEA ?AT SU* GRACE C\LD BE WRITT5 \T ON PAP] & SOLD EI!R TO ! HI<E/ BIDD] OR = A FIX$ PRICE4  

 ,BUT N[ CONCEIVE :AT HAPP5S :]E A PEOPLE >E ILLIT]ATE1 REG>D+ WRITT5 DOCUM5TS ) ?AT SUP]/ITI\S AWE :I* ?OSE :O CANNOT READ ALWAYS HAVE = ! MY/]I\S LANGUAGE ( LE>N+2 REG>D+ !M BESIDES ) ! COMB9ATION ( FE> & REV]5CE :I* ! IGNORANT BELIEV] 5T]TA9S = ! VISIBLE SIGN ( ,SUP]NATURAL ,P[]1 ! ,P[] :I* HOLDS OV] HIM ! ?REAT ( ET]NAL PUNI%M5T1--& Y\ WILL HAVE :AT GOES ON 9 ,SPA94 ,ADD TO ?IS ?AT SU* A CONDITION ( FE> & GULLIBILITY ON ! SIDE ( ! PEOPLE1 IS ! GREAT OPPORTUNITY ( ! RELIGI\S 0GRAFT]40 ,:ATEV] NUMB] ( HONE/1 SELF-SACRIFIC+1 DEVOT$ PEOPLE MAY BE ATTRACT$ TO ! S]VICE ( ! ,*UR*1 !RE WILL C]TA9LY BE F\ND ALSO1 ! *EAT1 ! IMPO/OR1 ! SE>*] = EASE & P[]4 

 ,!SE 9DULG5CES1 :I* = #ae OR #be C5TS P>DON ! BUY] = HIS PA/ S9S1 BUT >E GOOD ONLY TILL HE S9S AGA91 CON/ITUTE A SPECIES ( P]MISSION TO DO :AT O!RWISE IS =BIDD52 ! MO/ EXP5SIVE ONE1 ! #b#eC-ONE1 IS PRACTICALLY A LIC5SE TO HOLD /OL5 PROP]TY UP TO A C]TA9 AM\NT4  

 ,BO? RI* & POOR BUY !SE ?+S1 ! RI* ( C\RSE  PAY+  A GOOD DEAL MORE ?AN !4 /IPULAT$  SUM4 ,BUT IT H>DLY REQUIRES ! /ATEM5T ?AT AN IMM5SE NUMB] ( ! V]Y POOR BUY !M ALSO4 ,& FROM ?IS HORRIBLE TRAFFIC ! ,*UR* ( ,SPA9 ANNUALLY DRAWS MILLIONS4 

 ,!RE >E O!R S\RCES ( 9COME SU* AS ! SALE ( SCAPUL>S1 AGNUS-DEIS1 *>MS1 & O!R PIECES ( TRUMP]Y1 :I* GOES ON ALL OV] ! ,CA?OLIC WORLD ALSO1 BUT NATURALLY TO NO SU* EXT5T AS 9 ,SPA91 ,PORTUGAL1 & ,ITALY1 :]E POPUL> IGNORANCE MAY BE AGA9 MEASUR$ BY ! MAT]IALISM ( ITS RELIGION4  

 ,N[1 IS IT REASONABLE TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! 9DIVIDUALS :O >E ?RIV+ UPON !SE SALES1 WANT A CONDITION ( POPUL> 5LI<T5M5T8 ,DO !Y NOT KN[ H[ ALL ?IS TRAFFIC W\LD CRUMBLE LIKE ! A% ( A BURNT-\T FIRE1 ONCE ! BLAZE ( SCI5CE W]E TO FLAME ?R\< ,SPA98 ,!Y ,$,U,C,A,T,E6 ,YES2 !Y $UCATE ! PEOPLE TO BELIEVE 9 !SE B>B>IC RELICS ( A DEAD TIME1--= !IR [N MAT]IAL 9T]E/4 ,SPA9 & ,PORTUGAL >E ! LA/ RESORT ( ! M$IEVAL *UR*2 ! MONA/ICISM & ! ,JESUITRY :I* HAVE BE5 EXPELL$ FROM O!R ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 & COMPELL$ TO )DRAW FROM ,CUBA & ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 HAVE CONC5TRAT$ !RE2 & !RE !Y >E MAK+ !IR LA/ FI<T4 ,!RE !Y WILL GO D[N 9TO !IR ET]NAL GRAVE2 BUT NOT TILL ,SCI5CE HAS 9VAD$ ! D>K CORN]S ( ! POPUL> 9TELLECT4  

 ,! POLITICAL CONDITION IS P>ALLEL ) ! RELIGI\S CONDITION ( ! PEOPLE1 ) ! EXCEPTION ?AT ! ,/ATE IS POOR :ILE ! ,*UR* IS RI*4  

 ,!RE >E SOME ELEM5TS 9 ! GOV]NM5T :I* >E OPPOS$ TO ! ,*UR* RELIGI\SLY1 :I* NEV]!LESS DO NOT WI% TO SEE ITS P[] AS AN 9/ITUTION UPSET1 BECAUSE !Y =ESEE ?AT ! SAME PEOPLE :O W\LD OV]?R[ ! ,*UR*1 W\LD LAT] OV]?R[ !M4 ,!SE1 TOO1 WI% TO SEE ! PEOPLE KEPT IGNORANT4  

 ,NEV]!LESS1 !RE HAVE BE5 NUM]\S POLITICAL REBELLIONS 9 ,SPA91 HAV+ = !IR OBJECT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A REPUBLIC4  

 ,9 #ahfh !RE OCCURR$ SU* A REBELLION1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,RUIZ ,ZORILLA4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 ,F]R] WAS NOT QUITE #b YE>S OLD4 ,HE HAD ACQUIR$ AN $UCATION BY HIS [N EF=TS4 ,HE WAS A DECL>$ ,REPUBLICAN1 AS IT SEEMS ?AT EV]Y Y\NG1 >D5T1 BRI<T-M9D$ Y\?1 SEE+ :AT ! CONDITION ( HIS C\NTRY WAS1 & WI%+ = ITS BETT]M5T1 W\LD BE4 ,ZORILLA WAS = A %ORT TIME ,M9I/] ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION1 UND] ! NEW GOV]NM5T1 & V]Y ZEAL\S = POPUL> $UCATION4  

 ,NATURALLY HE BECAME AN OBJECT ( ADMIRATION & IMITATION TO ,F]R]4  

 ,9 ! E>LY EI<TIES1 AFT] V>I\S FLUCTUATIONS ( POLITICAL P[]1 ,ZORILLA1 :O HAD BE5 ABS5T FROM ,SPA91 RETURN$ TO IT1 & BEGAN ! LABOR ( CONV]T+ ! SOLDI]S TO REPUBLICANISM4 ,F]R] WAS !N A DIRECTOR ( RAILWAYS1 & ( MU* S]VICE TO ,ZORILLA 9 ! PRACTICAL WORK ( ORGANIZATION4 ,9 #ahhe ?IS MOVEM5T CULM9AT$ 9 AN ABORTIVE REVOLUTION1 :]E9 BO? ,F]R] & ,ZORILLA TOOK ACTIVE P>T1 & W]E ACCORD+LY COMPELL$ TO TAKE REFUGE 9 ,FRANCE UPON ! FAILURE ( ! 9SURRECTION4  

 ,IT IS !RE=E C]TA9 ?AT FROM HIS 5TRANCE 9TO PUBLIC AGITATION TILL ! YE> #a#h#h#e1 ,F]R] WAS AN ACTIVE REVOLUTION>Y REPUBLICAN1 BELIEV+ 9 ! OV]?R[ ( ,SPANI% TYRANNY BY VIOL5CE4  

 ,!RE IS NO QUE/ION ?AT AT ?AT TIME HE SAID & WROTE ?+S :I*1 :E!R WE %ALL CONSID] !M JU/IFIABLE OR NOT1 W]E OP5LY 9 FAVOR ( =CIBLE REBELLION4 ,SU* UTT]ANCES *>G$ AGA9/ HIM AT ! ALLEG$ TRIAL 9 #a#i#i1 :I* W]E REALLY HIS1 W]E QUOTATIONS FROM ?IS P]IOD4 ,REMEMB] HE WAS !N #bf YE>S OLD4 ,:5 ! TRIAL OCCURR$1 HE WAS #e YE>S OLD4 ,:AT HAD BE5 HIS M5TAL EVOLUTION DUR+ ?OSE #bd YE>S8 

 ,9 ,P>IS1 :]E1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( A %ORT 9T]MISSION 9 #ahhi :5 HE VISIT$ ,SPA91 HE REMA9$ = AB\T FIFTE5 YE>S1 HE NATURALLY DRIFT$ 9TO A ME?OD ( MAK+ A LIV+ QUITE COMMON TO $UCAT$ EXILES 9 A =EIGN L&2 VIZ41 GIV+ PRIVATE LESSONS 9 HIS NATIVE LANGUAGE4 ,BUT :ILE ?IS IS ) MO/ A M]E TEMPOR>Y MAKE%IFT1 :I* !Y *ANGE = SOME?+ ELSE AS SOON AS !Y >E ABLE1 TO ,F]R] IT REVEAL$ :AT HIS REAL BUS9ESS 9 LIFE %\LD BE2 HE F\ND TEA*+ TO BE HIS G5U9E VOCATION2 SO MU* SO ?AT HE TOOK P>T 9 SEV]AL MOVEM5TS = POPUL> $UCATION 9 ,P>IS1 GIV+ MU* FREE S]VICE4  

 ,?IS P>TICIPATION 9 ! LABOR ( TRA9+ ! M9D1 :I* IS ALWAYS A SL[ & PATI5T MATT]1 BEGAN TO HAVE ITS EFFECT ON HIS CONCEPTIONS ( POLITICAL *ANGE4 ,SL[LY ! IDEA ( A ,SPA9 REG5]AT$ ?R\< ! /ORM BLA/S ( REVOLUTION1 MI<TILY & SUDD5LY1 FAD$ \T ( HIS BELIEF1 BE+ REPLAC$1 PROBABLY ALMO/ 9S5SIBLY1 BY ! IDEA ?AT A ?OR\< $UCATIONAL 5LI<T5M5T MU/ PREC$E POLITICAL TRANS=MATION1 IF ?AT TRANS=MATION W]E TO BE P]MAN5T4 ,?IS CONVICTION HE VOIC$ ) /RANGE P[] & BEAUTY ( EXPRESSION1 :5 HE SAID TO HIS OLD REVOLUTION>Y ,REPUBLICAN FRI5D1 ,ALFR$ ,NAQUET3 0,TIME RESPECTS ?OSE WORKS ALONE :I* ,TIME ITSELF HAS HELP$ TO BUILD40  

 ,NAQUET HIMSELF1 OLD & S9K+ MAN AS HE IS1 IS AT ?IS DAY & H\R HE>T & S\L = =CIBLE REVOLUTION2 ADMITT+ ALL ! EVILS :I* IT 5G5D]S & ALL ! DANG]S ( MISC>RIAGE :I* ACCOMPANY IT1 HE /ILL BELIEVES1 TO QUOTE HIS [N WORDS1 ?AT 0,REVOLUTIONS >E NOT ONLY ! M>VEL\S ACC\*EURS ( SOCIETIES2 !Y >E ALSO FECUNDAT+ =CES4 ,!Y FRUCTIFY M5'S 9TELLIG5CES2 & IF !Y DET]M9E ! F9AL REALIZATION ( MATUR$ EVOLUTIONS1 !Y ALSO BECOME1 ?R\< !IR ACTION ON HUMAN M9DS1 PO9TS ( DEP>TURE = NEW] EVOLUTIONS40 ,YET HE1 :O ?US S+S ! PEAN ( ! UPRIS5 PEOPLE1 ) A FIRE ( Y\? & AN >DOR ( LOVE ?AT S\ND LIKE ! S++ ( SOME /RONG Y\NG BLACKSMI? M>*+ AT ! HEAD ( AN 9SURG5T COLUMN1 RA!R ?AN ! QUAV]+ VOICE ( AN OLD SP5T MAN2 HE1 :O WAS ! W>M P]SONAL FRI5D ( ,F]R] = MANY YE>S1 & :O W\LD SURELY HAVE WI%$ ?AT HIS IDEAL LOVE %\LD ALSO HAVE BE5 HIS FRI5D'S LOVE1 HE EXPRESSLY DECL>ES ?AT ,F]R] WAS ( ?OSE :O FEEL !MSELVES DRAWN TO ! FIELD ( PREP>ATIVE LABOR1 MAK+ SURE ! GR\ND OV] :I* ! ,REVOLUTION MAY M>* TO 5DUR+ RESULTS4  

 ,?IS !N WAS ! RIP5$ CONDITION ( HIS M9D1 ESPECIALLY AFT] ! DEA? ( ,ZORILLA1 & ALL HIS SUBSEQU5T LIFE & LABOR IS EXPLICABLE ONLY ) ?IS UND]/&+ ( HIS M5TAL ATTITUDE4  

 ,9 ! CONFUSION ( DEAF5+ VOICES1 IT HAS BE5 DECL>$ ?AT NOT ONLY DID HE NOT TAKE P>T 9 LA/ YE>'S MANIFE/ATIONS1 NOR 9/IGATE !M2 BUT ?AT HE 9 FACT HAD BECOME A ,TOL/OYAN1 A NONRESI/ANT4  

 ,?IS IS NOT TRUE3 HE UND\BT$LY UND]/OOD ?AT ! 9TRODUCTION ( POPUL> $UCATION 9TO ,SPA9 MEANS REVOLT1 SOON] OR LAT]4 ,& HE W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE BE5 GLAD TO SEE A SUCCESSFUL REVOLT OV]?R[ ! MON>*Y AT ,MADRID4 ,HE DID NOT WI% ! PEOPLE TO BE SUBMISSIVE2 IT IS ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TAL TEA*+S ( ! S*OOLS HE F\ND$ ?AT ! ASS]TIVE SPIRIT ( ! *ILD IS TO BE 5C\RAG$2 ?AT ITS WILL IS NOT TO BE BROK52 ?AT ! S9 ( O!R S*OOLS IS ! =C+ ( OB$I5CE4 ,HE HOP$ TO HELP TO =M A Y\NG ,SPA9 :I* W\LD NOT SUBMIT2 :I* W\LD RESI/1 RESI/ CONSCI\SLY1 9TELLIG5TLY1 /EADILY4 ,HE DID NOT WI% TO 5LI<T5 PEOPLE M]ELY TO R5D] !M MORE S5SITIVE TO !IR PA9S & DEPRIVATIONS1 BUT ?AT !Y MI<T SO USE !IR 5LI<T5M5T AS TO RID !MSELVES ( ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION BY ,*UR* & ,/ATE :I* IS RESPONSIBLE = !IR MIS]IES4 ,BY :AT MEANS !Y W\LD *OOSE TO FREE !MSELVES1 HE DID NOT MAKE HIS AFFAIR4  

 ,H[ & :5 W]E !SE S*OOLS F\ND$8 ,IT WAS DUR+ HIS LONG SOJ\RN 9 ,P>IS1 ?AT HE HAD AS A PRIVATE PUPIL 9 ,SPANI%1 A MIDDLE-AG$1 WEAL?Y1 UNM>RI$1 ,CA?OLIC LADY4 ,AFT] MU* CONFLICT OV] RELIGION BETWE5 TEA*] & PUPIL1 ! LATT] MODIFI$ H] OR?ODOXY GREATLY2 & ESPECIALLY AFT] H] J\RNEYS TO ,SPA91 :]E %E H]SELF SAW ! CONDITION ( PUBLIC 9/RUCTION4  

 ,EV5TUALLY %E BECAME 9T]E/$ 9 ,F]R]'S CONCEPTIONS ( $UCATION1 & HIS DESIRE TO E/ABLI% S*OOLS 9 HIS [N C\NTRY4 ,& :5 %E DI$ 9 #ai 7%E WAS !N SOME:AT OV] #e YE>S OLD7 %E DEVIS$ A C]TA9 P>T ( H] PROP]TY TO ,F]R]1 TO BE US$ AS HE SAW FIT1 FEEL+ ASSUR$ NO D\BT ?AT HE W\LD SEE FIT TO USE IT NOT = HIS P]SONAL ADVANTAGE1 BUT = ! PURPOSE SO DE> TO HIS HE>T4 ,:I* HE DID4  

 ,! BEQUE/ AM\NT$ TO AB\T @s#a#e12 & ! FIR/ EXP5DITURE WAS = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL ( ,B>CELONA1 9 ! YE> #a#i#a4  

 ,IT %\LD BE SAID ?AT ?IS WAS NOT ! FIR/ ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA92 = PREVI\S TO ?AT1 & = SEV]AL YE>S1 !RE HAD SPRUNG UP1 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! C\NTRY1 A SPONTANE\S MOVEM5T T[>DS SELF-$UCATION2 A V]Y H]OIC EF=T1 9 A WAY1 CONSID]+ ?AT ! TEA*]S W]E G5]ALLY WORK+M5 :O HAD SP5T !IR DAY 9 ! %OPS1 & W]E US+ ! REMA9D] ( !IR EXHAU/$ /R5G? TO 5LI<T5 !IR FELL[-WORK]S & ! *ILDR54 ,!SE W]E L>GELY NI<T-S*OOLS4 ,AS !RE W]E NO MEANS BEH9D !SE EF=TS1 ! BUILD+S 9 :I* !Y W]E HELD W]E ( C\RSE UNSUITABLE2 !RE WAS NO PROP] PLAN ( WORK2 NO SUFFICI5T EQUIPM5T1 & LITTLE COORD9ATION ( LABOR4 ,A CONSID]ABLE P]C5TAGE ( !SE S*OOLS W]E ALREADY ON ! DECL9E1 :5 ,F]R]1 EQUIPP$ ) HIS SPL5DID ORGANIZ+ ABILITY1 HIS TEA*]'S EXP]I5CE1 & ,MLLE4 ,MEUNI]'S 5D[M5T1 OP5$ ! ,B>CELONA ,S*OOL1 HAV+ AS PUPILS EI<TE5 BOYS & TWELVE GIRLS4  

 ,SO PROP] TO ! DEM& WAS ?IS EF=T1 ?AT AT ! 5D ( F\R YE>S' E>NE/ ACTIVITY1 FIFTY S*OOLS HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$1 T5 9 ,B>CELONA1 & =TY 9 ! PROV9CES4  

 ,9 #a#i#f1 ?AT IS1 AFT] FIVE YE>S' WORK1 A BANQUET WAS HELD ON ,GOOD ,FRIDAY1 AT :I* #a1#g PUPILS W]E PRES5T4  

 ,FROM #c TO #a1#g1--?AT IS SOME?+4 ,& A BANQUET 9 ,CA?OLIC ,SPA9 ON ,GOOD ,FRIDAY6 ,A BANQUET ( *ILDR5 :O HAVE BADE GOOD-BYE TO ! SALVATION ( ! S\L BY ! PUNI%M5T ( ! /OMA*6 ,WE H]E MAY LAU<2 BUT 9 ,SPA9 IT WAS A TRIUMPH & A M5ACE1 :I* BO? SIDES UND]/OOD4 

 ,I HAVE SAID ?AT ,F]R] BR\<T TO HIS WORK SPL5DID ORGANIZ+ ABILITY4 ,?IS HE SPE$ILY PUT TO PURPOSE BY 5LI/+ ! COOP]ATION ( A NUMB] ( ! GREATE/ SCI5TI/S ( ,EUROPE 9 ! PREP>ATION ( TEXT-BOOKS EMBODY+ ! DISCOV]IES ( SCI5CE1 C\*$ 9 LANGUAGE COMPREH5SIBLE TO Y\NG M9DS4  

 ,SO F>1 ,I AM SORRY TO SAY1 ,I HAVE NOT SUCCE$$ 9 GETT+ COPIES ( !SE MANUALS2 ! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T CONFISCAT$ MO/ ( !M1 & HAS PROBABLY DE/ROY$ !M4 ,/ILL !RE >E SOME UNCAPTUR$ SETS 7ONE IS ALREADY 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM7 & ,I MAKE NO D\BT ?AT )9 A YE> OR SO WE %ALL HAVE TRANSLATIONS ( MO/ ( !M4  

 ,!RE W]E ?IRTY ( !SE MANUALS ALL TOLD1 COMPRIS+ ! WORK ( ! ?REE SECTIONS1 PRIM>Y1 9T]M$IATE1 & SUP]IOR1 9TO :I* ! PUPILS W]E DIVID$4 

 ,FROM :AT ,I HAVE BE5 ABLE TO F9D \T AB\T !SE BOOKS1 ,I BELIEVE ! MO/ 9T]E/+ ( !M ALL W\LD BE ! ,FIR/ ,READ+ ,BOOK4 ,IT WAS PREP>$ BY ,DR4 ,ODON DE ,BU51 & IS SAID TO BE AT ! SAME TIME 0A SPELL]1 A GRAMM> & AN ILLU/RAT$ MANUAL ( EVOLUTION10 0! MAJE/IC /ORY ( ! EVOLUTION ( ! COSMOS FROM ! ATOM TO ! ?9K+ BE+1 RELAT$ 9 A LANGUAGE SIMPLE1 COMPREH5SIBLE TO ! *ILD40 

 #b1 COPIES ( ?IS BOOK W]E RAPIDLY SOLD4 

 ,IMAG9E :AT ?AT MEANT TO ,CA?OLIC S*OOLS6 ,?AT ! BABIES ( ,SPA9 %\LD LE>N NO?+ AB\T ET]NAL PUNI%M5T = !IR DEADLY S9S1 & %\LD LE>N ?AT !Y >E ONE 9 A LONG L9E ( UNFOLD+ LIFE ?AT />T$ 9 ! L[LY SEA-SLIME6 

 ,! BOOKS ON GEOGRAPHY1 PHYSICS1 & M9]ALOGY W]E WRITT5 9 LIKE MANN] & ) LIKE 9T5T BY ! SAME AU?OR2 ON AN?ROPOLOGY1 ,DR4 ,5GU]R& WROTE1 & ON EVOLUTION1 ,DR4 ,LET\RNEAU ( ,P>IS4 

 ,AMONG ! V]Y SUGGE/IVE WORKS WAS ONE ON 0,! ,UNIV]SAL ,SUB/ANCE10 A COLLABORATE PRODUCTION ( ,ALB]T ,BLO* & ,P>AF ,JAVAL1 9 :I* ! MY/]IES ( EXI/5CE >E RESOLV$ 9TO !IR *EMICAL EQUIVAL5TS1 SO ?AT ! F\NDATIONS = MAGIC & MIRACLE >E UNC]EMONI\SLY CLE>$ \T ( ! 9TELLECTUAL FIELD4 

 ,?IS BOOK WAS PREP>$ AT ,F]R]'S SPECIAL REQUE/1 AS AN ANTIDOTE TO ANCE/RAL LEAN+S1 9H]IT$ SUP]/ITIONS1 ! V>I\S \TSIDE 9FLU5CES C\NT]ACT+ ! 9FLU5CES ( ! S*OOL4 

 ,! ME?ODS ( 9/RUCTION W]E MODEL$ AFT] E>LI] ATTEMPTS 9 ,FRANCE1 & W]E BAS$ ON ! G5]AL IDEA ?AT PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL $UCATION MU/ CONT9UALLY SUPPLEM5T EA* O!R4 ,?AT NO ONE IS REALLY $UCAT$1 SO LONG AS HIS KN[L$GE IS M]ELY ! RECOLLECTION ( :AT HE HAS READ OR SE5 9 A BOOK ,ACCORD+LY A LESSON (T5 CONSI/$ ( A VISIT TO A FACTORY1 A WORK%OP1 A /UDIO1 OR A LABORATORY1 :]E ?+S W]E EXPLA9$ & ILLU/RAT$2 OR 9 A CLASS J\RNEY TO ! HILLS1 OR ! SEA1 OR ! OP5 C\NTRY1 :]E ! GEOLOGICAL OR TOPOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS W]E /UDI$1 OR BOTANICAL SPECIM5S COLLECT$ & 9DIVIDUAL OBS]VATION 5C\RAG$4 

 ,V]Y (T5 EV5 BOOK CLASSES W]E HELD \T ( DOORS1 & ! *ILDR5 9S5SIBLY PUT 9 T\* ) ! GREAT P]VAD+ 9FLU5CES ( NATURE1 A T\* TOO (T5 LO/1 OR NEV] FELT AT ALL1 9 \R CITY 5VIRONM5TS4 

 ,H[ DIFF]5T WAS ALL ?IS FROM ! 9COMPREH5SIBLE !OLOGY ( ! ,CA?OLIC S*OOLS TO BE LE>N$ & BELIEV$ BUT NOT UND]/OOD1 ! IMPRACTICAL REHE>S+ ( /R+S ( WORDS *>ACT]I/IC ( M$IEVAL SURVIVALS6 ,NO WOND] ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOLS GREW & GREW1 & ! HATR$ ( ! PRIE/S WAX$ HOTT] & HOTT]4  

 ,!IR OPPORTUNITY CAME2 9DE$1 !Y DID NOT WAIT LONG4  

 ,9 ! YE> #a#i#f1 ON ! #c#a/ DAY ( ,MAY1 NOT SO V]Y LONG AFT] ?AT ,GOOD ,FRIDAY BANQUET1 OCCURR$ ! EV5T :I* !Y SEIZ$ UPON TO CRU% ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL & ITS F\ND]4  

 ,I AM NOT H]E TO SPEAK EI!R = OR AGA9/ ,MATEO ,MORRAL4 ,HE WAS A WEAL?Y Y\NG MAN1 ( MU* 5]GY & CONSID]ABLE LE>N+4 ,HE HAD HELP$ TO 5RI* ! LIBR>Y ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL & BE+ AN EXCELL5T L+UI/1 HE HAD (F]$ TO MAKE TRANSLATIONS ( TEXT-BOOKS4 ,F]R] HAD ACCEPT$ ! (F]4 ,?AT IS ALL ,MORRAL HAD TO DO ) ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL4 

 ,BUT ON ! DAY ( ROYAL FE/IVITIES1 ,MORRAL HAD IT 9 HIS HEAD TO ?R[ A BOMB :]E IT W\LD DO SOME ROYAL HURT4 ,HE MISS$ HIS CALCULATIONS1 & ! HURT 9T5D$ DID NOT TAKE PLACE2 BUT AFT] A %ORT 9T]VAL1 F9D+ HIMSELF AB\T TO BE CAPTUR$1 HE KILL$ HIMSELF4  

 ,?9K ( HIM AS Y\ PLEASE3 ?9K ?AT HE WAS A MADMAN :O DID A MADMAN'S ACT2 ?9K ?AT HE WAS A G5]\S 5?USIA/ :O 9 AN \TBUR/ ( LONG *AF+ 9DIGNATION AT HIS C\NTRY'S CONDITION WANT$ TO /RIKE A BL[ AT A TYRANNICAL MON>*Y1 & WAS WILL+ TO GIVE HIS [N LIFE 9 EX*ANGE = ! TYRANT'S2 OR BETT] ?AN ?IS1 RES]VE Y\R JUDGM5T1 & SAY ?AT Y\ KN[ NOT ! MAN NOR HIS P]SONAL CONDITION1 NOR ! SPECIAL EXT]NAL CONDITIONS ?AT PROMPT$ HIM2 & ?AT )\T SU* KN[L$GE HE CANNOT BE JUDG$4 ,BUT :ATEV] Y\ ?9K ( ,MORRAL1 PRAY :Y WAS ,F]R] >RE/$ & ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL ( ,B>CELONA CLOS$8 ,:Y WAS HE ?R[N 9 PRISON & KEPT !RE = MORE ?AN A YE>8 ,:Y WAS IT S\<T TO RAILROAD HIM BE=E A ,C\RT ,M>TIAL1 & ?AT ATTEMPT FAIL+1 ! CIVIL TRIAL PO/PON$ = ALL ?AT TIME8  

 ,:,Y8 ,:,Y8 

 ,BECAUSE ,F]R] TAU<T SCI5CE TO ! *ILDR5 ( ,SPA91--& = NO O!R ?+4 ,HIS 5EMIES W\LD HAVE KILL$ HIM !N2 BUT HAV+ BE5 COMPELL$ TO YIELD AN OP5 TRIAL1 BY ! \TCRY ( ,EUROPE1 !Y W]E ALSO COMPELL$ TO RELEASE HIM4 ,BUT ,I IMAG9E ,I HE>1 YEA HE>1 ! RESOLUTE MUTT] BEH9D ! CLOS$ WALLS ( ! MONA/]IES1 ! DAY ,F]R] W5T FREE4 0,GO1 !N2 WE %ALL GET Y\ AGA94 ,& !N-- 0 

 ,& !N !Y W\LD DO :AT ?REE YE>S LAT] !Y DID1--DAMN HIM TO ! DIT* ( ,M,O,N,T,J,U,I,*4  

 ,YEA1 !Y %UT !IR LIPS TOGE!R LIKE ! ?9 LIPS ( ,FATE &--WAIT$4 ,! HATR$ ( AN ORD] HAS SOME?+ SUP]B 9 IT1--IT HATES SO REL5TLESSLY1 SO CON/ANTLY1 SO TRANSC5D5TLY2 ITS P]SONNEL *ANGES1 ITS HATE NEV] ALT]S2 IT WE>S ONE PRIE/'S FACE OR ANO!R'S2 ITSELF IS ID5TICAL1 9EXORABLE2 IT PURSUES TO ! 5D4  

 ,DID ,F]R] KN[ ?IS 8 ,UND\BT$LY 9 A G5]AL WAY HE DID4 ,& YET HE WAS SO F> FROM CONCEIV+ ITS APPALL+ REMORSELESSNESS1 ?AT EV5 :5 HE F\ND HIMSELF 9 PRISON AGA91 & UTT]LY 9 !IR P[]1 HE C\LD NOT BELIEVE ?AT HE W\LD NOT BE FRE$4 

 ,:AT WAS ?IS OPPORTUNITY = :I* ! ,JESUITRY ( ,SPA9 WAIT$ ) SU*4 T]RIBLE SECURITY8 ,! ,CATALONIAN UPRIS+4 ,H[ DID !Y KN[ IT W\LD COME8 ,AS ANY SANE MAN1 NOT OV]-OPTIMI/IC1 KN[S ?AT UPRIS+ MU/ COME 9 ,SPA94 ,F]R] HOP$ TO SAP AWAY ! F\NDATIONS ( TYRANNY ?R\< PEACEFUL 5LI<T5M5T4 ,HE WAS RI<T4 ,BUT !Y >E ALSO RI<T :O SAY ?AT !RE >E O!R =CES HURL+ T[>DS ?OSE F\NDATIONS2 ! GREATE/ ( !SE1--,/>VATION4 

 ,N[ IT WAS PLA9 & SIMPLE ,/>VATION ?AT ROSE TO R5D ITS />V]S :5 ! ,CATALONIAN WOM5 ROSE 9 MOBS TO CRY AGA9/ ! COMM& ?AT WAS TAK+ AWAY !IR FA!RS & SONS TO !IR DEA? 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,! ,SPANI% PEOPLE DID NOT WANT ! ,MOROCCAN W>2 ! ,GOV]NM5T1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( A NUMB] ( CAPITALI/S1 DID2 BUT LIKE ALL GOV]NM5TS & ALL CAPITALI/S1 IT WANT$ WORK+M5 TO DO ! DY+4 ,& !Y DID NOT WANT TO DIE1 & LEAVE !IR WIVES & *ILDR5 TO DIE TOO4 ,SO !Y REBELL$4 ,AT FIR/ IT WAS ! CONSCI\S1 ORD]LY PROTE/ ( ORGANIZ$ WORK+M54 ,BUT ,/>VATION NO MORE RESPECTS ! COMM&S ( WORK+M5'S UNIONS1 ?AN ! COMM&S ( GOV]NM5TS1 & O!R ORD]LY BODIES4 ,IT HAS NO?+ TO LOSE3 & IT GETS AWAY1 9 ITS FURY1 FROM ALL MANAGEM5T2 & IT RIOTS4  

 ,:]E ,*UR*ES & ,MONA/]IES >E (F5SIVELY RI* & AT EASE 9 ! FACE ( ,HUNG]1 ,HUNG] TAKES ITS REV5GE4 ,IT HAS LONG FANGS1 IT R5DS1 & TE>S1 & TRAMPLES--! 9NOC5T ) ! GUILTY--ALWAYS4 ,IT IS V]Y HORRIBLE6 ,BUT REMEMB]1--REMEMB] H[ MU* MORE HORRIBLE IS ! LONG1 SL[ SY/EMATIC CRU%+1 WA/+1 DRY+ ( M5 UPON !IR BONES1 :I* YE> AFT] YE>1 C5TURY AFT] C5TURY1 HAS BEGOTT5 ! ,MON/]1 ,HUNG]4 ,REMEMB] ! #e1 9NOC5T *ILDR5 ANNUALLY SLAU<T]$1 ! BL9D$ & ! CRIPPL$ *ILDR51 MAIM$ & =SAK5 BY SOCIAL P[]2 & BEH9D ! SMOKE & FLAME ( ! BURN+ CONV5TS ( ,JULY1 #a#i#i1 SEE ! />+ ( ?OSE SI<TLESS EYES4  

 ,F]R] 9/IGATE ?AT MAD FR5ZY6 ,OH1 NO2 IT WAS A MI<TI] ?AN ,F]R]6 

 0,\R ,LADY ( ,PA90--,\R ,LADY ( ,HUNG]--,\R ,LADY ) UNCUT NAILS & WOLF-LIKE TEE?--,\R ,LADY :O BE>S ! ,MAN-FLE% 9 H] BODY ?AT CANNON >E TO TE>-- ,\R ,LADY ! ,WORK+WOMAN ( ,SPA91 AHUNG]$4 ,%E 9C>NAT$ ! ,R$ ,T]ROR4  

 ,& ! 5EMIES ( ,F]R] 9 #a#i#f1 AS 9 #a#i#i1 KNEW ?AT SU* ?+S W\LD COME2 & !Y BID$ !IR TIME4  

 ,IT IS ONE ( ?OSE PA!TIC ?+S :I* DE/9Y DEALS1 ?AT IT WAS ONLY = LOVE'S SAKE--& MO/ = ! LOVE ( A LITTLE *ILD--:O DI$ MOREOV]--?AT ! UPRIS+ F\ND ,F]R] 9 ,SPA9 AT ALL4 ,HE HAD BE5 9 ,5GL&1 9VE/IGAT+ S*OOLS & ME?ODS !RE FROM ,APRIL UNTIL ! MIDDLE ( ,JUNE4 ,WORD CAME ?AT HIS SI/]-9-LAW & HIS NIECE W]E ILL1 SO ! #a#i? ( ,JUNE F\ND HIM AT ! LITTLE GIRL'S B$SIDE4 ,HE 9T5D$ SOON AFT] TO GO TO ,P>IS1 BUT DELAY$ TO MAKE SOME 9QUIRIES = A FRI5D CONC]N+ ! PROCE$+S ( ! ,ELECTRICAL ,SOCIETY ( ,B>CELONA4 ,SO ! /ORM CAU<T HIM AS IT CAU<T ?\S&S ( O!RS4  

 ,HE W5T AB\T ! BUS9ESS ( HIS PUBLI%+ H\SE AS USUAL1 MAK+ ! OBS]VATIONS ( AN 9T]E/$ SPECTATOR ( EV5TS4 ,TO HIS FRI5D ,NAQUET HE S5T A PO/AL C>D ON ! #b#f? ( ,JULY1 9 :I* HE SPOKE ( ! H]OISM ( ! WOM51 ! LACK ( COORD9ATION 9 ! PEOPLE'S MOVEM5TS1 & ! TOTAL ABS5CE ( LEAD]S1 AS A CURI\S PH5OM5ON4 ,HE>+ SOON AFT] ?AT HE WAS TO BE >RE/$1 HE SECLUD$ HIMSELF = FIVE WEEKS4 ,! 0,:ITE ,T]ROR0 WAS 9 FULL SWAY2 #c1 M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 HAD BE5 >RE/$1 9C>C]AT$1 9HUMANLY TREAT$ ,!N ! ,*IEF ,PROSECUTOR ISSU$ ! /ATEM5T ?AT ,F]R] WAS 0! DIRECTOR ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T40  

 ,TOO 9DIGNANT TO LI/5 TO ! APPEALS ( HIS FRI5DS1 HE />T$ TO ,B>CELONA TO GIVE HIMSELF UP & DEM& TRIAL4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ ON ! WAY4  

 ,& !Y C\RT-M>TIAL$ HIM4  

 ,! PROCE$+S W]E UTT]LY 9FAM\S4 ,NO *ANCE TO CONFRONT WITNESSES AGA9/ HIM2 NO OPPORTUNITY TO BR+ WITNESSES2 NOT EV5 ! BOOKS ACCUS$ ( S$ITION ALL[$ TO (F] !IR MUTE TE/IMONY 9 !IR [N DEF5SE2 NO OPPORTUNITY GIV5 TO HIS DEF5D] TO PREP>E2 LETT]S S5T FROM ,5GL& & ,FRANCE TO PROVE :AT HAD BE5 ! DOOM$ MAN'S PURPOSES & OCCUPATIONS DUR+ HIS /AY !RE1 0LO/ 9 TRANSIT02 ! OLD >TICLES ( TW5TY-F\R YE>S BE=E1 MADE TO APPE> AS IF REC5T UTT]ANCES2 =G]IES IMPOS$ & ) ALL ?IS1 NO?+ BUT HE>SAY EVID5CE EV5 FROM HIS ACCUS]S2 & YET--HE WAS S5T5C$ TO DEA?4  

 ,S5T5C$ TO DEA? & %OT4  

 ,& ALL ,MOD]N ,S*OOLS CLOS$1 & HIS PROP]TY SEQUE/RAT$4  

 ,& ! ,VIRG9 ( ,TOL$O MAY WE> H] GORGE\S ROBES 9 PEACE1 S9CE ! %AD[ ( ! D>KNESS HAS /OL5 BACK OV] ! CIRCLE ( LI<T HE LIT4 

 ,ONLY1--SOME:]E1 SOME:]E1 D[N 9 ! OBSCURITY--HOV]S ! M5AC+ FIGURE ( H] RIVAL1 0,\R ,LADY ( ,PA940 ,%E IS /ILL N[1--BUT %E IS NOT DEAD4 ,& IF ALL ?+S BE TAK5 FROM H]1 & ! LI<T NOT ALL[$ TO COME TO H]1 NOR TO H] *ILDR51--!N--SOME DAY-- %E WILL SET H] [N LI<TS 9 ! D>KNESS4  

 ,F]R]--,F]R] IS ) ! IMMORTALS4 ,HIS WORK IS SPREAD+ OV] ! WORLD2 IT WILL YET RETURN1 & RID ,SPA9 ( ITS TYRANTS4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #d1 #bag 3 ,FRANCISCO ,F]R] -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,FRANCISCO ,F]R] -- ,UPDAT$4 

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