,FEUDAL ,5GL& 7,P>T #c7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,FEUDAL ,5GL&2 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOL #c1 ,NO4  #h#f1 #c ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#g1 P4 #b#h#b2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,GRAHAM ,SEAMAN4 

,! ,GREAT ,C\NCIL ( ! ,REALM WAS PURELY FEUDAL2 IT WAS COMPOS$ 
( ! FEUDATORIES ( ! K+1 !ORETICALLY ( ALL ( !M1 
PRACTICALLY ( ! GREAT ONES ONLY4 ,IT WAS1 9 FACT1 ! C\NCIL ( ! 
CONQU]+ TRIBE ) !IR *IEF AT !IR HEAD2 ! MATT]S ( ! 
DUE FEUDAL TRIBUTE1 AIDS1 RELIEFS1 F9ES1 SCUTAGE1 & ! LIKE -- 9 %ORT1 
! K+'S REV5UE DUE FROM HIS M5 -- W]E SETTL$ 9 ?IS C\NCIL AT 
ONCE & 9 ! LUMP4 ,BUT ! 9F]IOR TRIBE1 ?\< NOT REPRES5T$ 
!RE1 EXI/$1 &1 AS A=ESAID1 WAS GR[+ RI*1 & ! K+ HAD 
TO GET !IR MONEY \T ( !IR PURSES DIRECTLY2 :I* AS !Y W]E 
NOT REPRES5T$ AT ! ,C\NCIL1 HE HAD TO DO BY MEANS ( HIS (FIC]S 
7! %]IFFS7 DEAL+ ) !M ONE AFT] ANO!R1 :I* WAS A 
TR\BLESOME JOB2 = ! M5 W]E /IFF-NECK$ & QUITE DIS9CL9$ 
TO P>T ) !IR MONEY2 & ! ROBB]Y HAV+ TO BE DONE ON ! 
SPOT1 SO TO SAY1 5C\NT]$ ALL SORTS ( OPPOSITION1 &1 9 FACT1 IT WAS 
! MONEY NE$S BO? ( B>ON1 BI%OP1 & K+ :I* HAD BE5 ! 
*IEF 9/RUM5T 9 FUR!R+ ! PROGRESS ( ! T[NS4 ,! T[NS 
W\LD BE PRESS$ BY !IR LORDS1 K+1 OR B>ON1 OR BI%OP1 AS IT MI<T 
BE1 & !Y W\LD SEE !IR ADVANTAGE & /RIKE A B>GA94 ,= 
Y\ >E NOT TO IMAG9E ?AT BECAUSE !RE WAS A DEAL ( VIOL5CE GO+ 
ON 9 ?OSE TIMES !RE WAS NO RESPECT = LAW2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 !RE 
WAS A QUITE EXAGG]AT$ RESPECT = IT IF IT CAME )9 ! F\R CORN]S 
( ! FEUDAL FEEL+1 & ! RESULT ( ?IS FEEL+ ( RESPECT WAS 
! CON/ANT /RUGGLE = /ATUS ON ! P>T ( ! T[N%IPS & O!R 
ASSOCIATIONS ?R\<\T ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,WELL1 ! BUR<]S W\LD 
SAY1 0',TIS H>D TO PAY ?IS MONEY1 BUT WE WILL PUT \RSELVES \T TO 
PAY IT IF Y\ WILL DO SOME?+ = US 9 RETURN2 LET1 = EXAMPLE1 \R 
M5 BE TRI$ 9 \R [N C\RT1 & ! V]DICT BE ( ONE ( COMPURGATION 
9/EAD ( WAG] ( BATTLE10 & SO =?1 & SO =?4 ,WELL1 ALL 
?IS SORT ( DETAIL$ B>GA9+ WAS1 9 FACT1 A SAFEGU>D = ! LOCAL 
LIB]TIES1 SO F> AS !Y W5T1 ( ! T[NS & %IRES1 & DID NOT SUIT 
! K+'S VIEWS ( LAW & ORD] AT ALL2 & SO BEGAN ! CU/OM ( 
! %]IFF 7! K+'S (FIC]1 :O HAD TAK5 ! PLACE ( ! E>L ( ! 
,ANGLO-,SAXON P]IOD7 SUMMON+ ! BURGESSES TO ! C\NCIL1 :I* 
BURGESSES Y\ MU/ UND]/& W]E NOT ELECT$ AT ! FOLKMOTES ( 
! T[N1 OR HUNDR$ 7( :I* MORE H]EAFT]71 BUT 9 A SORT ( 
HOLE-&-CORN] WAY BY A FEW ( ! BIGG] M5 ( ! PLACE4 ,:AT ! 
K+ PRACTICALLY SAID WAS ?IS3 0,I WANT Y\R MONEY1 & ,I CANNOT BE 
= EV] WRANGL+ ) Y\ /UBBORN *URLES AT HOME !RE1 & 
LI/5+ TO ALL Y\R /ORIES ( H[ POOR Y\ >E & :AT Y\ WANT2 
NO1 ,I WANT Y\ TO BE REPRES5T$4 ,S5D ME UP FROM EA* ONE ( Y\R 
COMMUNES A MAN OR TWO :OM ,I CAN BULLY OR CAJOLE OR BRIBE TO SIGN 
AWAY Y\R SUB/ANCE = Y\40 

,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES IT IS NO WOND] ?AT ! T[NS W]E NOT 
V]Y EAG] 9 ! CAUSE ( REPRES5TATION4 ,IT WAS NO EASY JOB TO GET 
!M TO COME UP TO ,LONDON M]ELY TO CONSULT AS TO ! K9D ( SAUCE 
) :I* !Y W]E TO BE EAT54 ,H[EV]1 !Y DID COME 9 SOME 
NUMB]S1 & BY ! YE> #abie SOME?+ LIKE A %AD[ ( \R PRES5T 
,P>LIAM5T WAS ON FOOT4 ,NOR NE$ !RE BE MU* MORE SAID AB\T 
?IS 9/ITUTION2 AS TIME W5T ON ITS FUNCTIONS GOT GRADUALLY EXT5D$ 
BY ! PETITION = ! R$RESS ( GRIEVANCES ACCOMPANY+ ! GRANT+ 
( MONEY1 BUT IT WAS G5]ALLY TO BE RECKON$ ON AS SUBS]VI5T TO 
! WILL ( ! K+1 :O D[N TO ! LAT] ,TUDOR P]IOD PLAY$ SOME 
V]Y QUE] TUNES ON ?IS CON/ITUTIONAL 9/RUM5T4 

,$W>D ,I4 GAVE PLACE TO HIS SON1 :O AGA9 WAS ( ! TYPE ( K+ 
:O HAD HI!RTO GIV5 ! OPPORTUNITY TO ! B>ONS = !IR TURN 
( ADVANCEM5T 9 ! CON/ITUTIONAL /RUGGLE2 & 9 E>LI] TIMES NO 
D\BT !Y W\LD HAVE TAK5 FULL ADVANTAGE ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES2 AS 
IT WAS !Y HAD LITTLE TO GA94 ,! K+ DID HIS BE/ TO ?R[ (F ! 
RE/RA9T ( ! FEUDAL CON/ITUTION1 & TO GOV]N SIMPLY AS AN ABSOLUTE 
MON>*4 ,AFT] A TIME ( APP>5T SUCCESS HE FAIL$1 ( C\RSE1 
& ONLY SUCCE$$ 9 CONFIRM+ ! LEGAL RI<TS ( FEUDALISM BY 
BR++ AB\T HIS [N =MAL DEPOSITION AT ! H&S ( ! B>ONAGE1 
AS A *IEF :O1 HAV+ BROK5 ! COMPACT ) HIS FEUDATORIES1 HAD 
NECESS>ILY =FEIT$ HIS RI<T4 ,IF WE COMP>E HIS CASE ) ?AT ( 
,*>LES ,I4 WE %ALL F9D ?IS DIFF]5CE 9 IT1 BESIDES ! OBVI\S ONE 
?AT ,$W>D WAS HELD RESPONSIBLE TO HIS FEUDATORIES & ,*>LES T[>DS 
! UPP] MIDDLE CLASSES1 ! SQUIRE>*Y1 AS REPRES5T$ BY 
,P>LIAM5T3 ?AT ,*>LES WAS CONDEMN$ BY A LAW CREAT$ = ! 
PURPOSE1 SO TO SAY1 & EVOLV$ FROM ! PR9CIPLE ( ! REPRES5TATION 
( ! PROP]TI$ CLASSES1 :ILE ,$W>D'S DEPOSITION WAS ! REAL 
LOGICAL \TCOME ( ! CONFIRM$ FEUDAL SY/EM1 & WAS PRACTICALLY 
LEGAL & REGUL>4 

,! SUCCESSOR ( ! DEPOS$ K+1 ! ,?IRD ,$W>D1 U%]S 9 ! 
COMPLETE & C5TRAL P]IOD ( !_? ,MIDDLE ,AGES 9 ,5GL&4 ,! 
FEUDAL SY/EM IS COMPLETE3 ! LIFE @>@>& SPIRIT ( ! C\NTRY HAS 
DEVELOP$ 9TO A CONDITION IF NOT QUITE 9DEP5D5T1 YET QUITE =GETFUL 
ON ! ONE H& ( ! IDEAS & CU/OMS ( ! ,CELTIC & ,TEUTONIC 
TRIBES1 & ON ! O!R ( ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE4 ,! 
,MIDDLE ,AGES HAVE GR[N 9TO MANHOOD2 ?AT MANHOOD HAS AN >T ( 
ITS [N1 :I*1 ?\< DEVELOP$ /EP BY /EP FROM ?AT ( ,OLD ,ROME 
& ,NEW ,ROME1 & EMBRAC+ ! /RANGE MY/ICISM & DREAMY 
BEAUTY ( ! ,EA/1 HAS =GOTT5 BO? ITS FA!R & ITS MO!R1 & 
/&S ALONE TRIUMPHANT1 ! LOVELIE/1 BRI<TE/1 & GAYE/ ( ALL ! 
CREATIONS ( ! HUMAN M9D & H&4 ,IT HAS A LIT]ATURE ( ITS [N 
TOO1 SOME:AT AK9 TO ITS >T1 YET 9F]IOR TO IT1 & LACK+ ITS UNITY 
S9CE !RE IS A D\BLE /REAM 9 IT4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ! ,C\RT POET1 
! G5TLEMAN1 ,*AUC]1 ) HIS ,ITALIANIZ+ MET]1 & HIS =MAL 
RECOGNITION ( ! CLASSICAL /ORIES2 ON :I*1 9DE$1 HE BUILDS A 
SUP]/RUCTURE ( ! QUA9TE/ & MO/ UNADULT]AT$ M$IEVALISM1 AS 
GAY & BRI<T AS ! >*ITECTURE :I* HIS EYES BEHELD & HIS P5 
PICTUR$ = US1 SO CLE>1 DEF9$1 & ELEGANT2 A SUNNY WORLD EV5 
AMID ITS VIOL5CE & PASS+ TR\BLES1 LIKE ?OSE ( A HAPPY *ILD1 
! WOR/ ( !M AN AMUSEM5T RA!R ?AN A GRIEF TO ! ONLOOK]S2 
A WORLD ?AT SC>CELY NE$$ HOPE 9 ITS EAG] LIFE ( ADV5TURE & 
LOVE1 AMID ! SUNLIT BLOSSOM+ MEAD[S1 & GRE5 WOODS1 & 
:ITE BEGILD$ MANOR H\SES4 ,A K9DLY & HUMAN MUSE IS ,*AUC]'S 
NEV]!LESS1 9T]E/$ 9 & AMUS$ BY ALL LIFE1 BUT ( H] V]Y 
NATURE DEVOID ( /RONG ASPIRATIONS = ! FUTURE2 & ?AT ALL ! 
MORE1 S9CE1 ?\< ! /RONG DEVOTION & FI]CE PIETY ( ! RUD] 
,MIDDLE ,AGES HAD BY ?IS TIME WAN$1 & ! ,*UR* WAS MORE (T5 
LI<TLY MOCK$ ?AN EI!R FE>$ OR LOV$1 /ILL ! HABIT ( LOOK+ 
ON ?IS LIFE AS P>T ( ANO!R YET REMA9$3 ! WORLD IS FAIR & FULL 
( ADV5TURE2 K9D M5 & TRUE & NOBLE >E 9 IT TO MAKE ONE 
HAPPY2 FOOLS ALSO TO LAU< AT1 & RASCALS TO BE RESI/$1 YET NOT :OLLY 
CONDEMN$2 & :5 ?IS WORLD IS OV] WE %ALL /ILL GO ON LIV+ 9 
ANO!R :I* IS A P>T ( ?IS PICTURE4 ,NOTE ALL1 & BE AS M]RY AS 
Y\ MAY1 NEV] =GETT+ ?AT Y\ >E ALIVE & ?AT IT IS GOOD TO 
LIVE4 

,?AT IS ! SPIRIT ( ,*AUC]'S POETRY2 BUT ALONGSIDE ( IT EXI/$ 
YET ! BALLAD POETRY ( ! PEOPLE1 :OLLY UNT\*$ BY C\RTLY 
ELEGANCE & CLASSICAL P$ANTRY2 RUDE 9 >T BUT NEV] CO>SE1 TRUE TO 
! BACK-BONE2 9/9CT ) 9DIGNATION AGA9/ WRONG1 & !REBY 
EXPRESS+ ! HOPE ?AT WAS 9 IT2 A PROTE/ ( ! POOR AGA9/ ! 
RI*1 ESPECIALLY 9 ?OSE SONGS ( ! ,=E/]S1 :I* HAVE BE5 CALL$ 
! M$IEVAL EPIC ( REVOLT2 NO MORE GLOOMY ?AN ! G5TLEMAN'S 
POETRY1 YET *E]FUL FROM C\RAGE1 & NOT CONT5T4 ,HALF-A-DOZ5 
/ANZAS ( IT >E WOR? A C>T-LOAD ( ! :9+ 9TROSPECTIVE LYRICS 
( TO-DAY2 & HE :O1 :5 HE HAS MA/]$ ! SLI<T DIFF]5CES ( 
LANGUAGE FROM \R [N DAILY SPEE*1 IS NOT MOV$ BY IT1 DOES NOT 
UND]/& :AT TRUE POETRY MEANS NOR :AT ITS AIM IS4 

,!RE IS A ?IRD ELEM5T 9 ! LIT]ATURE ( ?IS TIME :I* Y\ 
MAY CALL ,LOLL>D POETRY1 ! GREAT EXAMPLE ( :I* IS ,WILLIAM 
,LACKL&'S ',PI]S ,PL[MAN4' ,IT IS NO BAD CORRECTIVE TO ,*AUC]1 & 9 
=M AT LEA/ BELONGS :OLLY TO ! POPUL> SIDE2 BUT IT SEEMS TO ME 
TO %[ SYMPTOMS ( ! SPIRIT ( ! RIS+ MIDDLE CLASS1 & CA/S 
BE=E IT ! %AD[ ( ! NEW MA/] ?AT WAS COM+ =W>D = 
! WORKMAN'S OPPRESSION4 ,BUT ,I MU/ LEAVE :AT MORE ,I HAVE TO SAY 
ON ?IS SUBJECT ( ! >T & LIT]ATURE ( ! F\RTE5? C5TURY = 
ANO!R OCCASION4 ,9 :AT ,I HAVE JU/ SAID1 ,I ONLY WANT$ TO PO9T 
\T TO Y\ ?AT ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES HAD BY ?IS TIME COME TO ! FULLE/ 
GR[?2 & ?AT !Y C\LD GIVE EXPRESSION1 :I* WAS ALL !IR [N1 
TO ! IDEAS & LIFE ( ! TIME4 ,?AT TIME WAS 9 A S5SE BRILLIANT 
& PROGRESSIVE1 & ! LIFE ( ! WORK] WAS BETT] ?AN IT EV] 
HAD BE51 & MI<T COMP>E ) ADVANTAGE ) :AT IT BECAME 9 
AFT] P]IODS & ) :AT IT IS N[2 & 9DE$1 LOOK+ BACK UPON 
IT1 !RE >E SOME M9DS & SOME MOODS ?AT CANNOT HELP REGRETT+ IT1 
& >E NOT P>TICUL>LY SC>$ BY ! IDEA ( ITS VIOL5CE & LACK ( 
ACCURATE KN[L$GE ( SCI5TIFIC DETAILS2 BUT1 H[EV]1 ONE ?+ IS 
CLE> TO US N[1 ! K9D ( ?+ :I* NEV] IS CLE> TO MO/ PEOPLE 
LIV+ 9 SU* P]IODS1 NAMELY1 ?AT :ATEV] IT WAS1 IT C\LD NOT LA/ 
BUT MU/ *ANGE 9TO SOME?+ ELSE4 

,WILLIAM ,MORRIS4 

_<,TO BE CONCLUD$47 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#b1 #bba 3 ,FEUDAL ,5GL& 7,P>T #c7 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,FEUDAL ,5GL& 7,P>T #c7 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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