,ESSAYS ON ,EXI/5TIALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALFR$O ,M>IA ,BONANNO 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

,EXI/5TIALISM IS ! PHILOSOPHICAL CURR5T ?AT AFFECT$ MY LIFE 9 ! LATT] HALF ( ! N9ETE5 FIFTIES4 ,I HAD READ ALL ! BOOKS ( ,B5$ETTO ,CROCE AT A V]Y Y\NG AGE1 A HEAVY BAGGAGE TO C>RY >\ND UNTIL MY RELEASE ON READ+ ,ABBAGNANO'S ,HI/ORY ( ,PHILOSOPHY & BEG9N+ ! /UDY ( ! ,FR5*1 ,G]MAN & ,RUSSIAN POETS & PHILOSOPH]S4 ,ALL ( ?IS RESE>*1 :I* HAS CONT9U$ ALONGSIDE ! FL\RI%+ ( O!R 9T]E/S = ALMO/ ?IRTY YE>S1 IS DIVID$ 9TO ?REE P>TS H]E3 

A7 ,ESSAYS ON EXI/5TIALISM4 ,?IS COMPRISES ALL ! >TICLES PUBLI%$ 9 ! LATE FIFTIES FOLL[+ MY EXP]I5CE 9 ,TUR9 ) ,CORRI]E DI ,SICILIA ( :I* ,I WAS $ITOR ( 0PAGE ?REE04 

B7 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( EXI/5CE4 ,?IS 9CLUDES ESSAYS D$ICAT$ TO EXI/5TIALI/ ?9K]S 7,S>TRE1 ,CAMUS1 ,M>CEL1 ,M]LEAU-,PONTY1 ,B]DJAEV1 ,HUSS]L1 ,HEIDEGG]1 ,JASP]S1 ,LAVELLE1 ,PACI & ! EXI/5TIALI/ 9T]PRETATION ( ,/IRN] & ,?OREAU74 

C7 ,! FAILURE ( EXI/5TIALISM4 ,NI*OLAS ,ABBAGNANO4 ,A SORT ( CLOSURE ( ACC\NTS ) MY OLD TEA*]1 MISUND]/&+S 9CLUD$4 

,I WAS UNABLE TO USE MY ORIG9AL NOTES = ! ,ESSAYS ON EXI/5TIALISM1 :I* %\LD N[ BE CONSID]$ LO/ = EV]4 ,( ! AU?ORS 9CLUD$ 9 !M NOT ONE1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ,KI]KEGA>D1 IS1 LET'S SAY1 A CANONICAL EXI/5TIALI/ & ?IS IS MY MO/ OBVI\S DEBT ) REG>D TO ,ABBAGNANO1 :I* ,I OP5LY ACKN[L$GE H]E4 ,HE WAS CONC]N$ ) ,PLATO'S EXI/5TIALISM1 ,I W5T LOOK+ ELSE:]E :]E ! T]RA9 WAS MORE CONG5IAL TO ME & :]E1 ( C\RSE1 !RE WAS SOME?+ MORE 9T]E/+ TO BE F\ND4 

,FOLL[+ MY DISILLUSIONM5T ) ,ABBAGNANO'S TEA*+ ,I RAN AWAY FROM ,TUR91 TAK+ AB\T A ?\S& S+LE-SPAC$ TYPEWRITT5 PAGES ) ME4 ,I PUBLI%$ MO/ ( ! MAT]IAL 9 ! ABOVE-M5TION$ NEWSPAP] 9 ! P]IOD #a#i#e#h-#a#i#e#i AFT] R$UC+ ! V>I\S ESSAYS TO 0PAGE ?REE0 DIM5SIONS & LEAV+ \T MO/ ( ! CITATIONS4 ,:]E POSSIBLE ! QUOTATIONS HAVE N[ BE5 RECON/RUCT$ ) ! MO/ CURR5T REF]5CES ADD$1 NE>LY ALWAYS 9 ! ,ANNOTATIONS1 !REBY LEAV+ ! >TICLES 9 !IR ORIG9AL =M4 

,/ILL = !SE ,ESSAYS ON EXI/5TIALISM1 ,I $IT$ ! ,NOTES 9 ! CONC5TRATION CAMP ( ,AMFISSA & ! PRISON ( ,KORYDALLOS1 PUTT+ !M AT ! 5D ( EA* ESSAY AS !Y W]E MORE MATURE & DEF9$ CONSID]ATIONS ON MANY PROBLEMS :I*1 />T+ FROM EXI/5TIALISM & ! AU?ORS ?AT ,I /UDI$ MORE ?AN HALF A C5TURY AGO1 >E DEVELOP+ 9 ! PRES5T CONDITION ?AT WE >E ALL LIV+ 9 & RUN ! RISK ( SLIPP+ ?R\< \R H&S4 

,A SELECTION ( AU?ORS MAY HAVE A GUIDEL9E OR IT MAY NOT4 ,! PRES5T ONE DOES1 :I* IT MA9TA9S OV] ! C\RSE ( ! YE> ?AT ?IS P>TICUL> EF=T ( /UDY LA/$ BUT DOES NOT DO ! TITLE JU/ICE4 ,IT IS NOT SO MU* A PHILOSOPHY ( EXI/5CE ?AT ,I WAS LOOK+ = BUT ! ATROCITY ( LIFE1 ?AT D>K SIDE :I* ALL[S1 ?ANKS TO CONTRA/1 A BETT] UND]/&+ ( :AT IS HAPP5+ 9 ! LI<T4 

,9 !SE PA?S1 ! T5SION CONT9UALLY RISES TO ! PO9T ( REA*+ MAXIMUM PEAKS 9 AU?ORS :O DIRECTLY EXP]I5CE ! FLAMES ) :I* TO LIVE & DE/ROY ONE'S LIFE1 ! FLAMES ( DEFEAT4 

,NO C]TA9TY AB\T BE+1 DISPLAC$ 9 SO MU* ( ! DOM9ANT PHILOSOPHY ( REASON1 ?AT ( APPE>+4 ,9 !SE AU?ORS BE+ MIXES & DR[NS ITSELF 9 APPE>+ FROM TIME TO TIME1 ALWAYS DIFF]5TLY1 ) ALMO/ IRREV]SIBLE IRONY4 ,! CONTRA/ IS NEV] EVID5T1 BECAUSE APPE>+ IS ALSO BE+1 ALBEIT R$UC$ TO ! SEMBLANCE ( A %AD[4 ,IT IS ?IS VEIL$ & AT TIMES ALMO/ 9VISIBLE ATROCITY :I* SLIPS 9TO CONSCI\SNESS BR++ IT TO AN UNBE>ABLE T5SION :]E IT IS ULTIMATELY =C$ TO DECIDE1 EI!R GR[ & SELF-CONC5TRATE 9 BE+ OR FADE 9TO APPE>ANCE1 F9D A SQUALID & TRANQUIL SECLUD$ SUNSET BY ! FIRE4 ,BE+ LIVES (F EXCESS1 APPE>ANCE (F RETURN+ TO ORD]4 ,EXCESS EXPLODES 9 ! IMPROBABLE & UNREPEATABLE1 WEAK5+ COEXI/S ) ITSELF 9 A FUN]EAL & /ATIC AGREEM5T4 

,( C\RSE1 H[EV] MU* ONE MI<T HAVE GUESS$ ALL ?IS1 :I* WAS NEI!R 9 MY ORIG9AL ESSAYS NOR 9 ,ABBAGNANO'S LESSONS1 SOME?+ EM]G$ 9 ?OSE LESSONS 9 FITS & />TS1 IMM$IATELY TAK5 BACK TO ! POSITIVE SOLUTION1 \T ( ?9 AIR = GOODNESS SAKE1 WE >E TALK+ AB\T UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS1 NOT FREQU5T]S ( BI/ROS4 ,?AT'S :Y ,I W5T ELSE:]E TO LOOK = ?AT EXPLOSION ( BE+ ?AT ,I WAS AFRAID ( LOS+ 9 ! ,FR5* - ( :I* ,I HAD DIRECT KN[L$GE - & ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHICAL LABYR9?S4 ,& FIR/ ( ALL ,I F\ND IT 9 ! LIFE ( SOME ( ! POETS 7,NIETZS*E 9CLUD$7 & A FEW PHILOSOPH]S4 

,EXPLOSION ( BE+ MEANS RU91 CONSCI\S SELF-EXILE )9 ONESELF1 CUTT+ BRIDGES1 DEMOLITION ( WALLS1 NO COM=T OR ALLEVIATION FROM \TSIDE1 (T5 R$UC$ TO PLACES ( UNIQUE SQUALOR ) NO ONE ABLE TO M5TION A HUMAN RELATION%IP ?AT DOES NOT EXPOSE MAN'S CRUELTY & BE/IALITY4 ,H]E APPE>+ PORTRAYS ITSELF 9 ITS FICTIONAL COMPACTNESS1 IT CANNOT EXPLODE1 IT LIMITS ITSELF TO %[+ 9 AN UNC]TA91 BOR$1 CONT9U\S BUT NOT UNI=M WAY1 LIKE A FLAME EXT+UI%+4 

,I W5T LOOK+ = BE+ & ITS OPPOSITE ) ALL ! 5?USIASM ( MY TW5TY YE>S1 )\T NOT+ - H[ CAN Y\ AT ?AT AGE8 - ?AT ?IS RESE>* WAS SWEEP+ ME AWAY ) IT1 ,I WAS FALL+ AP>T1 IT FAC$ ME M]CILESSLY ) ! LIMITATIONS ( MY PREVI\S /UDIES1 H>D & TIR+1 & ! MIS]Y ( MY LIFE AS A BANK CL]K4 

,!SE ESSAYS CAN !RE=E BE READ ! O!R WAY R\ND1 AS A RESE>* ( ! BE+ ME )9 MYSELF1 NOT 9 ! EXTRAORD9>Y EV5TS ( ! TEXTS ?AT ,I WAS READ+1 AB\T :I* ,ABBAGNANO'S LESSONS GAVE ME ONLY M>G9AL RECUP]ATIVE HELP4 ,ONLY 9 !SE PAGES IT IS POSSIBLE TO READ ( ! BIR? & DEVELOPM5T ( MY AB&ON+ ,TUR94 ,! EVID5CE IS !RE 9 0,EXI/5TIALISM & ,M>XISM0 & 0,EXI/5TIALISM & ,*RI/IANITY01 ! LATT] LO/ BECAUSE REFUS$ BY 0,CORRI]E DI ,SICILIA04 ,! TRULY REM>KABLE SEQU5CE ( !SE SPECTACUL> READ+ EXP]I5CES QUICKLY PROCUR$ A DET]IORATION ( RELATIONS ) ,ABBAGNANO :O 9 HIS POSITIVI/ CLOSURE TURN$ \T TO BE 9CREAS+LY 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO ME4 ,V]TIGO1 HE CALL$ !M1 P]HAPS DUE TO AN IMP]FECT KN[L$GE ( ! TEXTS1 CONVULSIONS ( SICK M9DS1 BUT ,I AM NOT SURE AB\T ?IS DEF9ITION1 P]HAPS MY MEMORY BETRAYS ME4 ,H[EV]1 LET'S LEAVE ?IS RELATION%IP TO ITS FATE1 MY PHILOSOPHICAL /UDIES 9 ! S*OL>LY S5SE ( ! T]M HAD TO CONT9UE ELSE:]E4 

,AL?\<1 9 MY OP9ION1 EXI/5TIALISM POSES ! PROBLEM ( BE+1 ?IS PHILOSOPHY CANNOT MOVE AN 9* UNLESS IT TAKES ON ! DI*OTOMY ) APPE>+4 ,& ,I WANT$ TO BE1 I4E4 LIVE & ACT1 NOT JU/ DREAM OR ?9K4 ,FAC$ ) !SE AU?ORS ,I DID NOT SO MU* WOND] :AT !Y W]E SAY+ BUT :E!R ,I WAS ?UND]/RUCK1 5*ANT$ OR SIMPLY 9DIFF]5T TO !IR WORDS4 ,?IS WAS MY MEASURE1 & IT IS ! ONE ?AT WE MU/ HOLD ON TO 9 ?IS BOOK ?AT IS BR++ !SE ESSAYS BACK TO LIFE IF WE WANT TO UND]/& :AT !Y W]E SAY+ & :E!R !Y >E /ILL SAY+ IT TODAY4 

,ALMO/ ALL ( !SE AU?ORS1 AP>T FROM A FEW ?AT ,I *AS$ RI<T 9SIDE !IR NEAT & RECUP]ATORY APPE>ANCES1 HAVE A SUBTLE & V>I$ WAY ( SAY+ :AT !Y SAY & ( HID+ :AT !Y DON'T WANT TO SAY4 ,ALWAYS UNAPPROA*ABLE 9 A DIRECT & CALM WAY4 ,ONE MU/ BE PREP>$ = EPO*AL CLA%ES1 FALLS & UN=ESEEABLE OB/ACLES4 ,JU/ ONE ( !M1 LET'S SAY ,KI]KEGA>D OR ,BAUDELAIRE1 C\LD TAKE A LIFETIME ( 9CR$IBLE REFLECTIONS4 ,9/EAD1 !SE ESSAYS W]E A C>EFREE RIDE OV] ! SURFACE1 IT C\LD NOT BE O!RWISE1 A T]RIFY+ & DELI<TFUL ADV5TURE4 

,! UNITY ( !SE ESSAYS WAS NOT CLE> TO ME1 & ,I HAVE REFLECT$ AB\T ?IS AT L5G? 9 ! DECADES ?AT FOLL[$ !IR ORIG9AL COMPILATION4 ,! UNITY IS LESS EVID5T 9 ! =M ( NEWSPAP] >TICLES1 ,I FLATT] MYSELF ?AT ,I HAVE P>TIALLY RE/OR$ IT H]E BY RE-ELABORAT+ ! PIECES ?AT W]E MISS+ OR ?OSE OMITT$ AT ! TIME ( PUBLICATION4 ,I CAN SUMM>IZE IT 9 ! COLORS BLACK & SILV]1 :I* ,BAUDELAIRE SPOKE (1 P]HAPS R$UC+ ! PRES5CE ( P9K4 ,SOME?+ H[L$ S9I/]LY 9 ! R>EFI$ M\NTA9 AIR :]E ! FA!R ( ,KI]KEGA>D CURSES ,GOD4 ,F> (F & PA9FUL COMM]CE1 LIKE ,RIMBAUD'S OCCUPATION1 IS E*O$ 9 ,DO/OEVSKY'S R5UNCIATION ( LIFE4 ,GIDE'S ASPHYXIATIONS & ,NIETZS*E'S MADNESS 7/ILL UNCLE> TO ME AT ! TIME71 ,B]GSON'S ATTEMPT TO P5ETRATE ! TIME ( ,AUGU/9E1 PIECES ( AN UNPREC$5T$ FEAT4 

,! UND]TAK+ IS REEXAM9+1 NOT ) ! USUAL PHILOSOPH]S' TE*NIQUES BUT ) ! P[] ( PHILOSOPHY1 ! T]RIBLE WAYS ( ! HUMAN ANIMAL1 ! GANGR5\S AFFAIRS ( ?IS ALWAYS RESURG5T PLAGUE ?AT NO ONE CAN HEAL1 ! OBSCURE REASON :Y ?IS SC\RGE IS FUEL$ BY ! MANY ,ANCELLE NOT>IES ?AT TORTUR$ ,BAUDELAIRE ALL HIS LIFE4 ,& ?IS FRAMEWORK PO9TS \T ! POLITICAL & CAPITALI/ NATURE ) A S+UL> /YLE & CAPACITY ( P5ETRATION4 ,! OLD ACADEMIC ?AT WAS FI<T+ /ALE POSITIVISM 9 NEW1 SOCIALI/ & PROGRESSIVE WAYS1 NAUSEAT$ ME1 ! RE-READ+ ( ,CROCEAN LIB]ALISM URG$ ME TO BETT] RECONSID] ,G5TILE1 ! H]METICS LIKE ,M>IO ,APOLLONIO CAUS$ ME HIVES4 ,COMP>$ TO ,KI]KEGA>D !Y SAID NO?+1 REPEAT+ ! SAME /ORY = SO LONG ?AT IT WAS BETT] TO /OP READ+ !M4 ,I CONT9U$ TO ACCEPT ,CROCE = HIS /YLE1 BUT 9 ! 5D ,I PUT !SE AU?ORS \T ( SI<T4 ,! DEPLOYM5T ,I PROPOS$ %[$ A DIFF]5T WAY ( LIV+ ONE'S LIFE1 EV5 GAMBL+ IT :5 NECESS>Y4 ,9 !M !RE WAS1 & IS1 A CONSONANCE ) :AT MY LIFE HAD BE5 & REMA9S 9TACT TODAY 9 ! HORR5D\S PLACE :]E ,I AM WRIT+ !SE ,NOTES4 

,! READ+ ( ?\S&S ( PAGES QUICKLY PRODUC$ 9 ME A K9D ( ADDICTION TO !SE AU?ORS1 AS ?\< ,I HAD TO DO ) A SECRET SOCIETY :I* ,I WAS AB\T TO 5T]4 ,NOT EV]Y?+ ,I READ PLEAS$ ME1 (T5 ,I F\ND EXCESSIVE A SE>* = ! HORRID LIKE A TA/E 9 ITS [N RI<T1 AN ISOLAT$ >ROGANCE ?AT AT ! TIME ( MY Y\?FUL FURY_/ FURORI S\ND$ LIKE M>G9ALIZ$ & NOT AS M>G9AL1 A N>RATIVE POMPOSITY ?AT 9 SOME REPULS$ ME1 BUT 9 ! 5D ,I REALIZ$ ?AT BEH9D !SE SO-CALL$ DEFECTS !RE WAS A CLE> *OICE4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ! READ+ ( ,NIETZS*E1 EV5 9 ! NOT EXCELL5T TRANSLATION ( ,B>B>A ,ALLASON WAS AN IMPRESSIVE DISCOV]Y4 ,! BRILLIANT 9SI<TS W]E =MULAT$ ) A POETIC LITURGY - ,I AM REF]R+ TO ,Z>A?U/RA - SURPRIS+ = A PHILOSOPH]4 ,!N ! UND]TAK+ ( ,PIETRO ,*IODI1 ( R5D]+ ,HEIDEGG] 9 ,ITALIAN1 MY FEEL+S BE=E A METALLIC LOGIC1 NOT EXACTLY CONTRIV$1 BUT ABLE TO OP5 ! WORDS ONE BY ONE1 PRODUC$ A K9D ( LOSS ( ! TOTALITY 9 ME1 A F]OCI\S CURTAILM5T1 ONLY TO DISCOV] ?AT ,I WAS NOT LOS+ ANY?+1 BUT RA!R WAS GA9+ SOME?+4 

,) !SE EXP]I5CES1 ,I CAME CLOSE TO ! HUMAN BEA/1 LIT]>Y EVIL1 :I* IS ANYWAY ! RESULT ( SUBLIMATION & NOT TAUTOLOGY1 BUT IS /ILL AN OV]:ELM+ EXP]I5CE4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME ,I HAD BE=E ME ! EXT5SION ( :AT ,I HAD =ESE5 BUT NEV] KN[N4 ,ONE SOLE EXAMPLE1 DRUGS4 ,TO SOMEONE LIKE ME1 ALWAYS SURE ( MYSELF1 AS ,I CONT9UE TO BE MY OLD AGE 9 A ,GREEK PRISON BEYOND ALL REPRESSIVE IMAG9ATION1 EXP]I5CES REV]B]AT$ TO BRAN* \T 9TO MANY REFLECTIVE /REAMS1 9TO A ?\S& CONNECTIONS1 IMAG9ATIONS1 DREAMS &1 :Y NOT1 ALSO T]RORS4 ,I FELT LIKE AN 5GRAV] ( PROHIBIT$ 9CISIONS1 AN EXPLOR] ( UNKN[N T]RITORIES1 A S*OL> ( CANONS /ILL TO BE DET]M9$4 ,AFT] ALL1 AS /ILL EM]GES TODAY EV5 9 A B5EVOL5T READ+1 ,I WAS /ILL E/RANG$ TO ?IS *ASM OP5+ UP BE=E ME4 ,E/RANG$ & CR$UL\S4 

,MY READ+ WAS !RE=E ?AT ( A /ILL T5D] HE>T ?AT WANTS TO KN[ EV]Y?+ ( ?IS NEW & FASC9AT+ UNIV]SE1 WANTS TO 9TROJECT & MIRROR IT TO BETT] MAKE IT !IR [N4 ,BUT = ! TIME BE+ ,I JU/ LIMIT$ MYSELF TO REGI/]+ & RESE>*+ IT4 ,! REAL APPROA*1 MAK+ !SE T5SIONS 9 LIFE MY [N1 W\LD COME LAT]1 /ILL 9 AN 9FANTILE MANN]1 ?AT'S TRUE1 BUT NOT FUTILE OR DETA*$4 ,H]E ,I AM SUP]IMPOS+ MYSELF ON ! OBJECTS /UDI$1 SCAL+ M\NTA9S1 CROSS+ DES]TS1 GO+ D[N UND]GR\ND1 UP GUILLOT9ES1 FILT]+ EV]Y?+ ?R\< MY P]SONAL DREAMLIKE VISION4 ,9 DAILY PRACTICE ?IS HOLDS A DANG]\S DI*OTOMY = ME3 5T] UNHE>D ( EXP]I5CES OR REMA9 AT IMM5SURABLE DI/ANCES8 

,ALFR$O ,M4 ,BONANNO 

,COMPLET$ 9 ,AMFISSA CONC5TRATION CAMP 7,GREECE71 9 ,DECEMB] #ba 

,ESSAYS ON ,EXI/5TIALISM 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,DECEMB] #a1 #bb 3 ,ESSAYS ON ,EXI/5TIALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,ESSAYS ON ,EXI/5TIALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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