,ESCAP+ ,WA%+TON = ,FRE$OM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,PRESID5T'S ,DAY1 A F$]AL HOLIDAY1 OBS]VES ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S BIR?DAY ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#b4 ,YET AS A SLAVE [N] & PR(ITE] ON O!RS' S]VITUDE1 ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON IS A POOR EXEMPL> ( ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 ,RA!R ?AN LOOK+ TO HIM = A MODEL REPRES5T+ RESI/ANCE TO TYRANNY1 LET'S REMEMB] ! SLAVES & 9D5TUR$ S]VANTS :O S\<T TO ESCAPE FROM HIM & ! ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS :O DEF5D$ !MSELVES AGA9/ HIS ATTACKS4 

,WA%+TON IS CELEBRAT$ AS ! FA!R ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION1 ITSELF ! BLUEPR9T = C\NTLESS SUBSEQU5T /RUGGLES = 9DEP5D5CE & DEMOCRACY4 ,WE CAN'T GRASP ! MEAN+ ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION )\T RECALL+ ?AT ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON WAS ONE ( ! WEAL?IE/ PEOPLE 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,EV5 N[1 HE REMA9S AMONG ! WEAL?IE/ PRESID5TS 9 ,U,S HI/ORY1 ) HOLD+S ?AT W\LD BE WOR? AB\T HALF A BILLION DOLL>S TODAY4 ,( ALL SUBSEQU5T PRESID5TS1 ONLY ,DONALD ,TRUMP IS WEAL?I]4.<#a.> 

,AS ,M>CUS ,R$IK] & ,PET] ,L9EBAU< DESCRIBE 9 ,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION BEGAN 9 ! #a#g#fS ) A S]IES ( PROTE/S & RIOTS 9VOLV+ SAILORS1 SLAVES1 /EV$ORES1 WORK+ WOM51 & O!R M>G9ALIZ$ PEOPLE4 ,NETWORK$ 9 A GLOBAL F]M5T 9VOLV+ MUT9IES1 SLAVE REVOLTS1 & /RIKES1 !SE DI/URBANCES ?REAT5$ TO UND]M9E ! 5TIRE IMP]IAL ORD]4 ,S5S+ ?AT ! EMPIRE WAS OV]EXT5D$ & UPHEAVAL WAS 9EVITABLE1 ! COLONIAL ELITE SET !MSELVES AT ! HEAD ( ! REBELLION1 US+ IT TO FREE !MSELVES ( ! F9ANCIAL BURD5 ( SUPPORT+ ! ,CR[N4 ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON & HIS COLLEAGUES W]E NOT ! 9ITIATORS ( ! REVOLT1 BUT ! ONES :O COOPT$ & CONTA9$ IT--A LESSON AB\T :AT HAPP5S :5 REVOLUTION>IES SEEK TO GA9 LEGITIMACY & RES\RCES ?R\< ALLIANCES ) ! UPP] CLASS4 ,?US ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W> ( ! #a#g#gS GAVE WAY TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,C\NT]REVOLUTION ( ! #a#g#hS & #a#g#iS1 CLIMAX+ ) ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,F$]AL ,GOV]NM5T1 ! ,CON/ITUTION1 ! ,FUGITIVE ,SLAVE ,ACT1 ! ,NOR?WE/ ,T]RITORY1 & ! ,RIOT ,ACT4.<#b.> ,MEET ! NEW BOSS1 SAME AS ! OLD BOSS4 

,FROM ?IS VANTAGE PO9T1 ! APP>5TLY 09DIVIDUAL0 REBELLIONS ( SLAVES :O SET \T TO SECURE !IR [N LIB]TY COMP>E FAVORABLY ) A =MAL POLITICAL REVOLUTION ?AT DID LITTLE TO SUB/ANTIVELY ALT] ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! MO/ OPPRESS$ :ILE DEFUZ+ SOCIAL T5SIONS = SEV]AL G5]ATIONS4 ,FROM !IR ACTS ( DEFIANCE1 :OLE ,M>OON & ,QUILOMBO COMMUNITIES >OSE 9 P]MAN5T RESI/ANCE TO :ITE SUPREMACY 9 BO? ITS MON>*I/ & DEMOCRATIC V>IANTS4 ,JU/ AS ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION MI<T HAVE TURN$ \T BETT] IF ! WORK+ CLASS HAD NOT P]MITT$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO SEIZE ! RE9S1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION C\LD EV5TUALLY HAVE E/ABLI%$ A ,QUILOMBO ! SIZE ( A CONT95T HAD ! REVOLUTION>IES DEPOS$ :ITE SUPREMACI/S LIKE ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON AS RUL+ CLASS 9T]LOP]S4 

,IT'S MU* EASI] TO /UDY ! ,GREAT ,M5 ( ,HI/ORY ?AN TO LE>N AB\T ?OSE :O SET \T TO GET FREE ( !IR AU?ORITY4 ,H]E1 WE PRES5T SOME CONTEXT FROM ,WA%+TON'S LIFE & ! LITTLE WE KN[ AB\T ! SLAVES & 9D5TUR$ S]VANTS :O S\<T TO ESCAPE HIM4 ,MU* ( ?IS IS DRAWN FROM ! MAT]IALS 9 ! ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS DATABASE & ! ,GEOGRAPHY ( ,SLAV]Y 9 ,VIRG9IA >*IVE4 ,WE HOPE ?IS TEXT WILL 5C\RAGE O!RS TO UNCOV] ALL ! BURI$ HI/ORIES ( ! UND]CLASS--?OSE :O HAVE BE5 NOT ONLY =GOTT5 BUT ALSO ]AS$4 

0,IT WAS ! S5SE ( ALL HIS NEI<BORS ?AT HE TREAT$ !M ) MORE SEV]ITY ?AN ANY O!R MAN444 ,! FIR/ TIME ,I WALK$ ) ,G5]AL ,WA%+TON AMONG HIS .<SIC.> NEGROES1 :5 HE SPOKE TO !M1 HE AMAZ$ ME BY ! UTT]ANCE ( HIS WORDS4 ,HE SPOKE AS DIFF]5TLY AS IF HE HAD BE5 QUITE ANO!R MAN1 OR HAD BE5 9 ANG]40 

-,RI*>D ,P>K9SON1 ,A ,T\R 9 ,AM]ICA1 9 #a#g#i#h1 #a#g#i#i1 & #ah 

,SOME ,BACKGR\ND 

,9 #a#f#d#f1 AT ! 5D ( ! ,?IRD ,PO:ATAN ,W>1 ALL ! ,PO:ATAN MALES 9 !IR CAPITAL VILLAGE OV] ! AGE ( ELEV5 W]E DEPORT$ TO ,TANGI] ,ISL& AS SLAVES4 ,! ,RAPPAHANNOCK ,RIV] BECAME ! DIVID+ L9E BETWE5 :ITE SETTL]S & ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS4 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS W]E NOT TO GO S\? ( IT ON PA9 ( DEA?2 ,EUROPEAN COLONI/S W]E NOT TO CROSS NOR? ( IT EXCEPT TO AVOID BAD WEA!R OR GA!R WOOD4 

,TWO YE>S LAT]1 ! RE/RICTION ON COLONIAL EXPANSION WAS LIFT$1 & ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S GREAT-GREAT-GR&FA!R1 ,NA?ANIEL ,POPE1 ASS]T$ [N]%IP ( MORE ?AN A ?\S& ACRES NE> ! L& ?AT WAS TO BECOME KN[N AS ,POPE'S ,CREEK1 ,WA%+TON'S *ILDHOOD HOME4 

,?IS ANECDOTE ILLU/RATES ! DEEP ROOTS ( ! CLASS & RACE PRIVILEGES ?AT =M$ ! F\NDATION ( ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S LIFE4 ,WA%+TON WAS DESC5D$ FROM A LONG L9E ( COLONIAL AU?ORITIES3 PLANT]S1 LAWY]S1 POLITICIANS1 %]IFFS--& SLAVE [N]S4 ,ALL ( !SE PR(ESSIONS W]E 9T]*ANGEABLE & 9T]DEP5D5T1 =M+ ! CON/ELLATION FROM :I* ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN RUL+ CLASS >OSE4 

,9 #a#g#c#h1 :5 ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON WAS SIX YE>S OLD1 HIS FA!R1 ,AUGU/9E ,WA%+TON1 PLAC$ AN ADV]TISEM5T SEEK+ ! CAPTURE ( A S]VANT ( HIS :O HAD RUN AWAY 9 COMPANY ) O!R S]VANTS3 

0,R,A,N AWAY FROM ,CAPT4 ,MC,C>TY'S ,PLANTATION1 ON ,POPE'S ,CREEK1 9 ,WE/MOREL& ,C\NTY1 A ,S]VANT ,MAN BELONG+ TO ME ! ,SUBSCRIB]1 9 ,PR9CE ,WILLIAM ,C\NTY2 HIS ,*RI/IAN ,NAME IS ,JOHN1 BUT ,SIRNAME =GOT1 IS PRETTY TALL1 A ,BRICKLAY] BY ,TRADE1 & IS A ,K5TI%MAN2 HE CAME 9TO ,PAT[MACK1 9 ! ,=W>D1 ,CAPT4 ,MAJOR1 LA/ ,YE>2 IS SUPPOS'D TO HAVE ! ,FIGURE ( \R ,SAVIOR M>K'D ) ,GUNP[D] ON ONE ( HIS ,>MS4 ,HE W5T AWAY AB\T ! #b? ( ,APRIL LA/1 9 ,COMPANY ) ?REE O!R ,S]VANTS1 VIZ4 ,RI*>D ,M>T91 IS A MIDDLE SIZ'D ,MAN1 FRE% COLOR'D AB\T #bb ,YE>S ( ,AGE1 & IS A ,SAILOR2 HAD ON A BLEW ,JACKET4 ,RI*>D ,KIBBLE1 IS A MIDDLE SIZ'D Y\NG ,FELL[1 HAS SEV]AL ,M>KS MADE ) ,GUNP[D] ON HIS ,>MS1 BUT P>TICUL>LY ONE ON HIS ,BREA/1 BE+ ! ,FIGURES ( A ,WOMAN & A ,*]RY-,TREE1 & IS A ,C>P5T] BY ,TRADE2 HE WORE A BLEW GRAY ,COAT ) A L>GE ,CAPE1 A ,SNUFF-COLOR'D ,WA/ECOAT1 & ,BUCKSK9 ,BREE*ES4 ,$W>D ,ORMSBY1 IS A SMALL ?9 ,FELL[1 ( A SW>?Y ,COMPLEXION1 & IS A ,TAYLOR BY ,TRADE2 HAS A ,HESITATION OR ,/AMM]+ 9 HIS ,SPEE*1 & BE+ AN ,IRI%MAN1 HAS A GOOD DEAL ( ! ,BROGUE4 ,!Y W5T AWAY FROM ,CAPT4 ,AYLETT'S ,L&+1 ON ,PAT[MACK1 9 A SMALL ,BOAT1 & >E SUPPOS'D TO BE GONE T[>DS ! ,EA/]N-%ORE1 OR ,NOR?-,C>OL9A4 ,:OEV] WILL SECURE ! SAID ,BRICKLAY]1 SO ?AT HE MAY BE HAD AGA91 %ALL HAVE ,FIVE ,P\NDS ,REW>D1 BESIDES :AT ! ,LAW ALL[S1 PAID BY ,AUGU/9E ,WA%+TON40 

-,! ,VIRG9IA ,GAZETTE1 ,JUNE #i1 #ag* 

,! MA/]S ( !SE RUNAWAYS1 ! ,MC,C>?YS1 ,BALLS1 & ,WA%+TONS1 W]E ALL C\S9S4 ,ACCORD+ TO AN ADV]TISEM5T PLAC$ ! PREVI\S YE>1 ! ,IRI%MAN1 ,$W>D ,ORMSBY1 HAD ALREADY ATTEMPT$ TO ESCAPE 09 ,COMPANY ) A ,MULATTO ,WOMAN1 KN[N BY ! ,NAME ( ,ANNE ,RELEE1 ALIAS ,BU%2 :O BE+ :IPT LA/ ,C\RT HELD = ! ,C\NTY ( ,K+ ,GEORGE1 MAY POSSIBLY HAVE ! ,M>KS ON H] ,BACK40 

,ON ONE SIDE1 WE SEE ! ,WA%+TON FAMILY1 ALREADY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ECONOMIC P[]1 POLITICAL LEGITIMACY1 & :ITE SUPREMACY2 ON ! O!R SIDE1 A MULTI-E?NIC NETWORK ( REBELS & CRIM9ALS1 ! CLASS ( PEOPLE :O SP>K$ ! REVOLUTION4 

,?\< !SE 9T]RACIAL ALLIANCES HAD BE5 =M+ S9CE ! IMPOSITION ( RACIAL HI]>*Y 9 ! #a#fS1 FRI5D%IPS LIKE ?AT ( ,$W>D ,ORMSBY1 ! ,IRI%MAN1 ,ANNE 0,BU%0 ,RELEE1 ! 0,MULATTO ,WOMAN10 & ,JOHN1 ! ,K5TI%MAN1 W]E REA*+ A BOIL+ PO9T BY ! 5D ( ! #a#g#cS4.<#c.> ,TO QUOTE ,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA AGA93 

0,DUR+ !SE YE>S A FURI\S B>RAGE ( PLOTS1 REVOLTS1 & W> RIPP$ ?R\< COLONIAL ,ATLANTIC SOCIETIES LIKE A HURRICANE4 ,NO RESPECT] ( NATIONAL OR IMP]IAL B\ND>IES1 ?IS CYCLE ( REBELLION SLA%$ ?R\< ,BRITI%1 ,FR5*1 ,SPANI%1 ,DUT*1 & ,DANI% T]RITORIES1 :I* /RET*$ FROM ! NOR!RN REA*ES ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA ?R\< ! ,WE/ ,9DIES TO ! S\!RN COLONIES & !N ! PORT CITIES ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,MO/ ( !SE EV5TS TOOK PLACE 9 PLANTATION REGIONS & W]E L$ BY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS1 BUT O!R >EAS 7SU* AS ,NEW ,YORK7 & O!R ACTORS 7SU* AS ! ,IRI%7 W]E ALSO 9VOLV$4 ,! MAGNITUDE ( ! UPHEAVAL WAS1 9 COMP>ATIVE T]MS1 EXTRAORD9>Y1 5COMPASS+ MORE ?AN EI<TY SEP>ATE CASES ( CONSPIRACY1 REVOLT1 MUT9Y1 & >SON--A FIGURE PROBABLY SIX OR SEV5 TIMES GREAT] ?AN ! NUMB] ( SIMIL> EV5TS ?AT OCCURR$ 9 EI!R ! DOZ5 YE>S BE=E #agc OR ! DOZ5 AFT] #a#g#d#b40 

,?IS WAS ! CONTEXT 9 :I* ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON GREW UP4 ,ROLES BAS$ 9 RACE1 G5D]1 & NATIONALITY W]E BE+ IMPOS$ FROM ! TOP D[N BY MEANS ( LAWS1 RELIGION1 & BRUTE =CE :ILE ! RABBLE W]E PU%+ BACK FROM BEL[ BY WORK+ SL[1 RUNN+ AWAY1 MAL+]+1 PLOTT+1 HID+ \T1 /EAL+1 %>+1 & C>RY+ \T FRONTAL ATTACKS ON ! [N+ CLASS4 ,OV] TIME1 ?R\< ! M$IUM ( /ORYTELL+1 ! TACTICS & /RATEGIES ( 9DIVIDUAL REBELS BECAME WORK+ CLASS TRADITIONS & CU/OMS4 ,SAILORS LIKE ,RI*>D ,M>T91 ! A=EM5TION$ ,JOHN'S FELL[ RUNAWAY1 PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE AS PROPAG&I/S1 AS !IR PR(ESSION TOOK !M ALL OV] ! COLONIES & BEYOND4 

,AS A Y\NG BOY1 ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON WAS 9DOCTR9AT$ TO TAKE = GRANT$ ! DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 CLASSES & ! SUFF]+ 9FLICT$ ON ?OSE B5EA? HIS /ATION4 ,HE W\LD HAVE HE>D AB\T S]VANTS ESCAP+ FROM HIS FA!R4 ,HE ALSO LIV$ 9 PROXIMITY TO 9D5TUR$ S]VANTS LIKE ,M>Y ,MONROE 0,MOL0 ,B[D54 

,BORN 9 #a#g#c1 AT AGE SEV5 ,M>Y ,B[D5 WAS 9D5TUR$ = ?IRTY YE>S TO ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S FA!R4 ,H] ONLY CRIME WAS BE+ ! DAU<T] ( A MIX$-RACE 9D5TUR$ S]VANT1 ,M>Y ,HILLI>D1 & ,WILLIAM ,MONROE ,JR41 AN ANCE/OR ( ,PRESID5T ,JAMES ,MONROE4 ,AT ! AGE ( TWO1 ,M>Y ,HILLI>D HAD BE5 AW>D$ AS AN 9D5TUR$ S]VANT TO ,WILLIAM ,MONROE S5IOR & SUBSEQU5TLY BORE HIS SON'S *ILD4 ,%E MO!R$ SEV]AL MORE *ILDR51 ALL ( :OM W]E 9D5TUR$ AT BIR? TO M5 ( ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S SOCIAL CLASS4.<#d.> 

,GEORGE ,WA%+TON WAS FIVE YE>S OLD :5 ,M>Y 0,MOL0 ,B[D5 5T]$ ! ,WA%+TON H\SEHOLD4 ,) ! S]VANT'S QU>T] IMM$IATELY ADJAC5T TO ! MA9 H\SE1 ,MOL & ,GEORGE MU/ HAVE KN[N EA* O!R & MAY HAVE PLAY$ TOGE!R4 ,:5 ,WA%+TON'S FA!R DI$ 9 #a#g#d#c1 ,WA%+TON'S HALF-BRO!R ,AUGU/9E ,JR4 9H]IT$ ! RI<T TO CONTROL ,M>Y 0,MOL0 ,B[D5'S LIFE4 ,%E DID NOT PASSIVELY ACCEPT ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 AS WE %ALL SEE BEL[4 

,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S ,Y\? 

,9 #a#g#d#i1 AT ! AGE ( SEV5TE51 ,WA%+TON BEGAN A C>E] AS A L& SURVEYOR4 ,HIS FAMILY CONNECTIONS IMM$IATELY SECUR$ HIM HI<-PAY+ WORK AS ! (FICIAL SURVEYOR = ! NEWLY E/ABLI%$ ,CULPEP] ,C\NTY4 ,ONE ( HIS *IEF EMPLOY]S WAS ! ,OHIO ,COMPANY1 ! LEAD+ ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN 5TITY PU%+ = ! COLONIZATION & EXPLOITATION ( ! ,OHIO ,RIV] ,VALLEY4 ,HIS HALF-BRO!RS ,LAWR5CE & ,AUGU/9E ,JR4 W]E F\ND+ MEMB]S4 

,ETYMOLOGICALLY1 0SURVEY0 D]IVES FROM ,LAT9 ROOTS MEAN+ 0TO LOOK OV]10 JU/ AS 0SURVEILLANCE0 D]IVES FROM ,LAT9 MEAN+ 0TO WAT* OV]40 ,! ROLE ( SURVEYORS LIKE ,WA%+TON WAS TO DIVIDE ! L& ( SO-CALL$ ,NOR? ,AM]ICA 9TO PRIVATIZ$ PROP]TIES )9 A MATRIX ( CONTROL--AN ESS5TIAL /EP 9 ! G5OCIDE 9FLICT$ ON ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS & ! 5CLOSURE ( ! COMMONS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 

,9 W9T] #a#g#e#a1 ,M>Y ,MONROE 0,MOL0 ,B[D5 ESCAP$ FROM ,AUGU/9E ,WA%+TON ,JR4 ,:ILE ,WA%+TON WAS MAPP+ ! REGION1 %E JO9$ C\NTLESS O!RS 9 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! FRICTION BETWE5 MAP & T]RITORY TO MAKE A BREAK = FRE$OM4 ,%E REMA9$ AT LIB]TY = FIVE MON?S1 BUT WAS EV5TUALLY CAU<T & RETURN$ TO ,WA%+TON'S BRO!R = A REW>D ( #ah P\NDS ( TOBACCO4 ,9 PUNI%M5T1 AN ADDITIONAL YE> WAS ADD$ TO ,M>Y'S #c-YE> 9D5TURE4 

,9 ! W9T] ( #a#g#e#c-#a#g#e#d1 ,WA%+TON W5T FROM SURVEY+ L&S = ! ,OHIO ,COMPANY TO LEAD+ A MILIT>Y EXP$ITION = !M TO SECURE ! ,OHIO ,RIV] ,VALLEY FROM ! ,FR5* & !IR ,NATIVE ALLIES4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ?IS MISSION1 ! ,S5ECA LEAD] ,TANA*>ISON DUBB$ ,WA%+TON 0,T[N ,DE/ROY]40 ,! TITLE ITSELF HAD ORIG9ALLY BE5 GIV5 TO ,WA%+TON'S GREAT-GR&FA!R1 ,JOHN ,WA%+TON1 :O HAD KILL$ SIX ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN LEAD]S GA!R$ = PEACE TALKS 9 ! #a#f#gS4 ,LIV+ UP TO HIS L9EAGE1 ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON & HIS COLLEAGUES AMBU%$ & KILL$ A GR\P ( ,FR5* SOLDI]S4 ,! ,FR5* SUBSEQU5TLY CLAIM$ ! (FIC]S HAD BE5 OP]AT+ 9 A DIPLOMATIC CAPACITY4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ! ,FR5* CAPTUR$ ,WA%+TON & S5T HIM HOME 9 DEFEAT1 :]E HE WAS /RIPP$ ( HIS RANK & RESIGN$4 ,WA%+TON'S RA% BEHAVIOR HELP$ TO TRIGG] ! ,FR5*-,9DIAN ,W>1 :I* PRODUC$ ! GLOBAL ,SEV5 ,YE>S ,W>4 

,9 ! SUBSEQU5T HO/ILITIES1 ,WA%+TON COMPLA9$ AB\T ! 9SUBORD9ATION ( ! MILITIAM5 UND] HIS COMM&3 

0,9 ALL ?+S ,I MEET ) ! GREATE/ OPPOSITION NO ORD]S >E OBEY'D BUT :AT A ,P>TY ( ,SOLDI]'S OR MY [N DRAWN ,SWORD ,5=CES2 )\T ?IS A S+LE HORSE = ! MO/ URG5T OCCASION CANNOT BE HAD1 TO SU* A PIT* HAS ! 9SOL5CE ( !SE ,PEOPLE >RIVD BY HAV+ EV]Y PO9T HI!RTO SUBMITT$ TO !M2 H[EV]1 ,I HAVE GIV5 UP NONE :]E HIS ,MAJE/YS ,S]VICE REQUIRES ! ,CONTR>Y1 & :]E MY PROCE$+S >E JU/IFI$ BY MY ,9/RUCTION'S1 NOR WILL ,I1 UNLESS !Y EXECUTE :AT !Y ?REAT51 I4E41 'TO BL[ \T MY BRA9S4'0 

,EV5 9 ! MID/ ( W>1 ORD9>Y ,BRITI% COLONI/S DID NOT WELCOME ! LEAD]%IP ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! RUL+ CLASS LIKE ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON4 ,! ?REAT !Y FAC$ FROM CONFLICT ) ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS WAS NOT MITIGAT$ BY ! GOV]NANCE ( SU* COLONIAL AU?ORITIES1 BUT EXAC]BAT$ BY IT4 

,WA%+TON ,BECOMES A ,PLANT] & ,POLITICIAN 

,9 ,JANU>Y #a#g#e#f1 ,WA%+TON M>RI$ ,M>?A ,D&RIDGE ,CU/IS1 A WEAL?Y WID[ FROM ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,M>?A'S FA!R1 ,JOHN ,D&RIDGE1 WAS A ,BRITI% IMMIGRANT :O [N$ ,VIRG9IA L& & AB\T TW5TY SLAVES4 ,DUR+ ,M>?A'S Y\?1 H] FA!R HAD APP>5TLY FA!R$ A *ILD1 ,ANN1 ) ONE ( HIS SLAVES1 A WOMAN ( ,AFRICAN & ,ANI-,YUN-,WIYA_/,*]OKEE DESC5T4 ,ANN WAS =C$ TO FOLL[ ,M>?A FROM ! ,D&RIDGES' HOME TO ,CU/IS'S HOME & !N TO ,WA%+TON'S4 

,M>?A JO9$ ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON AT ,MT4 ,V]NON1 A FEW DOZ5 MILES FROM ,POPE'S ,CREEK4 ,WA%+TON BECAME A PLANT] & POLITICIAN4 ,?ANKS TO ,M>?A'S WEAL?1 HE ADD$ T5S ( ?\S&S ( ACRES TO HIS L& HOLD+S & EXP&$ ! NUMB] ( SLAVES 9 HIS CAPTIVITY FROM #e TO OV] #c4 ,)\T ?IS BOO/ 9 PROP]TY--BO? L& & HUMAN--,WA%+TON NEV] W\LD HAVE BE5 ABLE TO A*IEVE ! F9ANCIAL1 SOCIAL1 & POLITICAL /ATUS HE DID4 ,HE PROBABLY NEV] W\LD HAVE BE5 PRESID5T4 

,>\ND ! SAME TIME1 ,M>Y 0,MOL0 ,B[D5 ATTEMPT$ TO FLEE ONCE AGA94 ,?IS TIME1 %E SUCCE$$ 9 GETT+ AWAY FROM ,POPES' ,CREEK = TWO YE>S BE=E BE+ RECAPTUR$4 ,:5 %E WAS TAK5 TO C\RT 9 ,AUGU/ #a#g#e#h1 SIX YE>S & SIX MON?S W]E ADD$ TO H] 9D5TURE 9 PUNI%M5T4 ,%E WAS #de :5 H] 9D5TURE EXPIR$1 HAV+ SP5T H] 5TIRE LIFE UP TO ?AT PO9T 9 S]VITUDE--! ONLY EXCEPTION BE+ ! YE>S ( FRE$OM %E WON BY TAK+ FLI<T4 

,ON ,JULY #a1 #a#g#e#i1 ,JOHN ,W9T]1 AN 9D5TUR$ CONVICT HIR$ \T TO PA9T ,WA%+TON'S H\SE 9 ,MT4 ,V]NON1 RAN (F AFT] GETT+ ,G,B,P#e BUT ONLY DO+ P>T ( ! WORK4 ,WA%+TON RECORD$ ?AT 0BE=E HE HAD NE> F9I%D ,PA9T+ MY ,H\SE .<,W9T].> ,/OLE A GOOD DEAL ( MY ,PA9T @& ,OYL & APPREH5SIVE ( ,JU/ICE RAN (F40 ,JOHN ,W9T]'S MA/]1 ,JOHN ,F5DELL1 RAN ! FOLL[+ ADV]TISEM5T 9 ! ,M>YL& ,GAZETTE3 

0,RAN AWAY FROM ! ,SUBSCRIB]1 A ,CONVICT ,S]VANT ,MAN NAM$ ,JOHN ,W9T]1 A V]Y COMPLEAT ,H\SE ,PA9T]2 HE CAN IMITATE ,M>BLE OR MAHOGANY V]Y EXACTLY1 & CAN PA9T ,FLOOR ,CLO?S AS NEAT AS ANY IMPORT$ FROM ,BRITA91 ,! ,TIME ( HIS GO+ (F IS UNC]TA91 AS HE WAS HIR$ TO A ,G5TLEMAN 9 ,VIRG9IA :O CAN GIVE NO ,ACC\NT ( ! ,TIME4 ,! LA/ ,WORK HE DID WAS A ,H\SE = ,COL4 ,WA%+TON NE> ,ALEX&RIA40 

,AS A CONVICT S]VANT1 ,JOHN WAS PUNI%$1 LIKE ,MOL1 SIMPLY = BE+ BORN 9TO ! WRONG CLASS4 ,:5 ! COMMONS ( ,IREL& & ,BRITA9 W]E 5CLOS$ 9 ! #a#fS1 VA/ NUMB]S ( PEASANTS W]E =C$ (F ( ! L& !Y HAD %>$ = G5]ATIONS4 ,C5TURIES-LONG TRADITIONS ( SUBSI/5CE F>M+1 WOOD GA!R+1 M$IC9E GR[+1 ANIMAL H]D+1 & K9%IP W]E DE/ROY$ AS ,BRITA9'S POOR W]E DRIV5 9TO ,BRITA9'S NASC5T CITIES--:I* BECAME OP5-AIR PRISONS4 ,LIFE BE=E ! 5CLOSURES WAS H>DLY P]FECT1 BUT AFT]W>DS IT BECAME IMPOSSIBLE4 ,?OSE :O REFUS$ TO LEAVE !IR L& W]E *>G$ ) TRESPASS+ & LOIT]+1 PUNI%ABLE BY S]VITUDE OR DEA?4 ,?OSE :O REFUS$ TO WORK 9 ! CITIES' SWEAT%OPS1 F\NDRIES1 OR M9ES W]E *>G$ ) VAGRANCY--PUNI%ABLE BY S]VITUDE OR DEA?4 ,& ?OSE :O CONT9U$ TO GA!R FOOD OR FIREWOOD LIKE !IR ANCE/ORS OR :O /OLE \T ( DESP]ATION W]E *>G$ ) !FT--ALL PUNI%ABLE BY S]VITUDE & DEA?4 

,! FIR/ G5]ATIONS ( S]VANTS TO BE SP>$ ! GALL[S 9 ,LONDON F\ND A SL[] DEA? 9 ,VIRG9IA1 :]E MORTALITY RATES W]E A/RONOMIC4.<#e.> ,BY ! #a#g#eS1 ! CONDITIONS W]E NOT AS CATA/ROPHIC1 BUT !Y REMA9$ MIS]ABLE4 ,WE CAN SEE :Y PEOPLE LIKE ,JOHN ,W9T] *OSE ! DIGNITY ( ! FUGITIVE OV] ! LIFE ( ! S]VANT4 

,ON ,APRIL #a#d1 #a#g#f1 A SLAVE ,WA%+TON DESCRIB$ 9 HIS J\RNAL AS 0,BOSON0 RAN AWAY FROM ,WA%+TON'S HOME AT ,MT4 ,V]NON4 ,HE WAS CAU<T & RETURN$ ON ,APRIL #a#h4 ,BOSON WAS LIKELY :IPP$1 DEPRIV$ RATIONS1 OR 0SMOK$0 9 RETALIATION4 0,SMOK+0 9VOLV$ SUSP5D+ A SLAVE 9 AN ACTIVE SMOKEH\SE OR =C+ HIM TO DIG A %ALL[ HOLE BIG 5\< = HIMSELF TO FIT4 ,DRI$ GRASS1 LEAVES1 & /ALKS W]E PLAC$ OV] ! SLAVE & LIT ON FIRE4 ,AS ! PLANT MATT] BURN$1 ! SLAVE WAS DEPRIV$ ( OXYG5 & %[]$ ) T9Y EMB]S4 ,?IS PRACTICE WAS SO WELL E/ABLI%$ BY ! #a#h#bS1 ?AT ,MISS\RI OV]SE]S CALL$ IT 0,VIRG9IA PLAY40 ,KN[+ ! PUNI%M5TS HE RISK$ & ! SEP>ATION FROM HIS LOV$ ONES %\LD HE SUCCE$1 IT SPEAKS TO ! SEV]ITY ( ,MT4 ,V]NON SLAVE LIFE & ! C\RAGE ( ,BOSON ?AT HE *OSE TO MAKE ANO!R RUN = IT ?AT SUMM]4 ,SADLY1 ,BOSON WAS CAPTUR$ & RETURN$ AGA9 ON ,AUGU/ #b#d1 #a#g#f4 

,9 ,AUGU/ #a#g#f#a1 F\R SLAVES :OSE NAMES >E RECORD$ AS ,P]OS1 ,JACK1 ,NEPTUNE1 & ,CUPID FL$ ONE ( ,WA%+TON'S PLANTATIONS TOGE!R4 ,WA%+TON B\<T AN ADV]TISEM5T (F]+ A RANSOM = !IR RETURN1 DESCRIB+ ! FUGITIVES & ASS]T+ ?AT 

0,! TWO LA/ ( !SE ,NEGROES W]E B\<T FROM AN ,AFRICAN ,%IP 9 ,AUGU/ #a#g#e#i1 & TALK V]Y BROK5 & UN9TELLIGIBLE ,5GLI%2 ! SECOND ONE1 ,JACK1 IS ,C\NTRYMAN TO ?OSE1 & SPEAKS PRETTY GOOD ,5GLI%1 HAV+ BE5 SEV]AL ,YE>S 9 ! ,C\NTRY4 ,! O!R1 ,P]OS1 SPEAKS MU* BETT] ?AN EI!R1 9DE$ HAS LITTLE ( HIS ,C\NTRY ,DIALECT LEFT1 & IS E/EEM$ A S5SIBLE JUDICI\S ,NEGRO4 ,AS !Y W5T (F )\T ! LEA/ ,SUSPICION1 ,PROVOCATION1 OR ,DIFF]5CE ) ANY ,BODY1 OR ! LEA/ ANGRY ,WORD OR ,ABUSE FROM !IR ,OV]SE]S1 TIS SUPPOS$ !Y WILL H>DLY LURK AB\T 9 ! ,NEI<BORHOOD1 BUT /E] SOME DIRECT ,C\RSE 7:I* CANNOT EV5 BE GUESS$ AT7 9 ,HOPES ( AN ,ESCAPE40 

,A RECORD ( ,WA%+TON'S P]SONAL S]VANTS & SLAVES PUBLI%$ 9 #agfb LI/S #ga PEOPLE 9 ?RALL TO ! MAN WE CELEBRATE TODAY AS A H]O ( LIB]TY4 ,!SE W]E SOME ( ! PEOPLE :OSE LABOR BUILT ,WA%+TON'S =TUNE3 

0,A ,LI/ ( ,TY?ABLES 9 ,FAIRFAX ,C\NTY--GIV5 9TO ,CAPTN ,DANIEL ,MC,C>TY--,JUNE #i? #a#g#f#b--VIZ4#a ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON ,HO4 ,S]VANTS3 ,?OMAS ,BI%OP1 ,BREE*Y1 ,S*OMB]G1 ,JACK1 ,DOLL1 ,J5NY1 ,BETTY1 ,PHILLIS1 ,MOLL1 ,SALL1 ,KATE4 ,C>P5T]S3 ,TURNR ,CRUMP1 ,AN?ONY1 ,WILL1 ,MORRIS1 ,GEORGE1 ,MI*AEL1 ,TOM1 ,SAM1 ,N$4 ,SMI?S3 ,PET]1 ,LONDON4 ,MILL]3 ,GEORGE4 ,DIT*]3 ,ROBT ,HAIMS4 ,HO4 ,H\SE3 ,BURGS ,MIT*ELL1 ,JACK1 ,JACK1 ,JACK1 ,N$1 ,JAMES1 ,*>LES1 ,DAVY4 ,DOGUE ,RUN3 ,JOHN ,ALTON1 ,P]OS1 ,WILL1 ,CAES>1 ,TROY1 ,/AF=D1 ,BETTY1 ,S>AH1 ,SUE1 ,LUCY4 ,CREEK ,PLANN3 ,JOSIAS ,COOK1 ,MATT1 ,CUPID1 ,WILL1 ,J5NY1 ,KITTY4 ,MUDDY HOLE3 ,$WD ,VIOLETTE1 ,GRIG1 ,WILL1 ,JUPIT]1 ,ESSEX1 ,SAM1 ,BETTY1 ,RU?1 ,HANNAH1 ,KATE1 ,PHOEBE4 ,RIV] ,PLANN3 ,SAML ,JOHNSON .<,JR4.>1 ,TOM1 ,B51 ,GEORGE1 ,ROB91 ,NAT1 ,PEG1 ,MURRIA1 ,CLOE1 ,FLORA1 ,DOLL--,G,W4 ,9 ALL--#g#a0 

,MEAN:ILE1 FOLL[+ ,FRANCE'S LOSS ( L&S BETWE5 ! ,APPALA*IAN ,M\NTA9S & ,MISSISSIPPI ,RIV]1 ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN SETTL]S BEG9 TO /REAM 9TO ! ,OHIO ,RIV] ,VALLEY4 ,AN 9T]-TRIBAL ,NATIVE ALLIANCE >OSE 9VOLV+ MEMB]S ( ! ,ODAWAS1 ,ANI%9AABEG 7,OJIBWAS71 ,NE%NABE 7,POTAWATOMIS71 ,W5DAT 7,HURONS71 ,MYAAMIAKI 7,MIAMIS71 ,WAAYAAHTANWA 7,WEAS71 ,KIIKAAPOA 7,KICKAPOOS71 ,MASC\T5S1 ,PEEYANKIHSIAKI 7,PIANKA%AWS71 ,L5NI ,L5APE 7,DELAW>ES7 ,%AWNEES1 ,WY&OTS1 ,M+OS1 & ,ONOND[A'GA 7,S5ECA74 ,HO/ILITIES BROKE \T 9 #agfc ) AN UPRIS+ KN[N AS ,PONTIAC'S ,REBELLION1 NAM$ = ,PONTIAC1 AN ,ODAWA LEAD]4 ,?IS /ALL$ COLONIAL EXPANSION & =C$ ! ,BRITI% TO MODIFY !IR POLICIES1 ALBEIT AT A HI< CO/ ( LIVES4 

,%ORTLY AFT] ! UPRIS+ BEGAN1 ,K+ ,GEORGE ,I,I,I ISSU$ HIS ,ROYAL ,PROCLAMATION ( #a#g#f#c1 =BIDD+ ,BRITI% SUBJECTS FROM SETTL+ ! NEWLY-ACQUIR$ L&S4 ,?\< ! PROCLAMATION WAS NOT RELAT$ TO ! UPRIS+1 ,AM]ICAN COLONI/S IMAG9$ IT TO BE A RESULT ( IT--ADD+ TO T5SIONS BETWE5 COLONI/S1 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS1 & ! ,BRITI% ,CR[N4 

,AT ?AT TIME1 ,WA%+TON WAS S]V+ AS A REPRES5TATIVE 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,BURGESSES = ,FR$]ICK ,C\NTY4 ,AS ! ,BRITI% IMPOS$ TAXES ON ! ,AM]ICAN COLONIES TO PAY ! CO/S ( ! MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS ?AT EXP&$ ! T]RITORY ?AT ,WA%+TON & O!RS W]E COLONIZ+1 ,WA%+TON BECAME 9CREAS+LY UPSET ) ,BRITI% RULE4 ,9 #a#g#f#d1 ! ,H\SE S5T ! ,BRITI% ,P>LIAM5T A LETT] WRITT5 BY ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON COMPLA9+ ?AT 0! 9HABITANTS ( ! COLONIES >E ! SLAVES ( ! ,BRITONS FROM :OM !Y >E DESC5D$40 

,JEFF]SON MADE NO M5TION ( ! IRONY ?AT HE HIMSELF HAD FA!R$ SLAVES :OM HE KEPT 9 BONDAGE4 ,?IS CONTRADICTION EM]G$ AGA9 & AGA9 ?R\<\T ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,:5 ! RUL+ CLASS ?\<T !MSELVES TO BE TREAT$ UNFAIRLY1 !Y COMPLA9$ ?AT !Y W]E BE+ TREAT$ LIKE SLAVES2 YET ?OSE :O [N$ SLAVES ALWAYS 9SI/$ ?AT !Y TREAT$ !IR SLAVES SO WELL ?AT ! LATT] HAD NO OBJECTION TO SLAV]Y4 ,DUR+ ! W> ( #a#h#a#b1 NEWSPAP]S ONCE AGA9 COMPLA9$ ?AT ,AM]ICAN ,P,[S W]E BE+ TREAT$ WORSE ?AN SLAVES4 

,9 FACT1 MANY ( ! CO/S ( E/ABLI%+ ! EMPIRE W]E NOT IMPOS$ ON ?OSE :O B5EFITT$ FROM IT1 LIKE ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON & ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON1 BUT ON ORD9>Y PEOPLE4 ,SAILORS1 :O W]E =C$ TO P]=M MANUAL LABOR SIMIL> TO ?AT IMPOS$ ON *ATTEL SLAVES1 SUBJECT$ TO H>% PUNI%M5TS1 & RECEIV$ LITTLE PAY1 W]E /RONGLY AFFECT$ BY ! NEW ,/AMP ,ACT4 ,! FEW GOODS !Y W]E P]MITT$ TO TAKE FROM PORT TO PORT TO SELL ON !IR [N TIME W]E SUBJECT TO NEW TAXES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !Y L$ SOME ( ! FI]CE/ RESI/ANCE TO !SE TAXES4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,WA%+TON WAS GA!R+ SLAVES FROM ! E/ATES ( ! 9VE/ORS 9 ! ,DISMAL ,SWAMP ,COMPANY = ! PURPOSE ( DRA9+ ! ,GREAT ,DISMAL ,SWAMP4 ,?IS WAS ANO!R /AGE 9 ! SURVEY+ & PACIFICATION ( ! UNRULY T]RA9 ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 

,/>T+ 9 ! #a#fS1 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS1 BLACK PEOPLE1 & UNRULY :ITES US$ ! MURKY SWAMP AS A REFUGE FROM ,BRITI% SETTLEM5TS4 ,BY ! #a#hS1 ?\S&S ( MO/LY ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICAN M>OONS 9HABIT$ ! HI< & DRY P>TS ( ! SWAMP1 KN[N AS MESIC ISL&S4 ,SELF-SUFFICI5CY1 B>T] ) ! \TSIDE WORLD1 & RAIDS ON NE>BY PLANTATIONS KEPT ! M>OONS H\S$1 F$1 & MOD]ATELY COM=TABLE4 ,NUM]\S ATTACKS AGA9/ ! PLANT] CLASS W]E CONCEIV$ 9 ! SWAMP & C>RI$ \T FROM IT4 ,H]E1 ! COLLECTIVE ACTS ( 9DIVIDUAL RUNAWAYS BECAME A COMMUNAL =CE4 

,TODAY1 ,DONALD ,TRUMP'S PROMISE TO 0DRA9 ! SWAMP0 CONT9UES ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S LEGACY4 ,MASK+ HIS ACTIONS AS A REBELLION AGA9/ ! P[]FUL1 HE AIMS TO C>RY \T ECOLOGICAL DEVA/ATION & CRACK D[N ON T>GET$ COMMUNITIES 9 PURSUIT ( HIS [N F9ANCIAL GA94 

,KN[+ ?AT ! WORK W\LD BE GRUEL+1 POSSIBLY FATAL1 & ! CONDITIONS HORRIBLE1 9VE/ORS CONTRIBUT$ ! SLAVES !Y CONSID]$ 0LEA/ VALUABLE0--#e#d SLAVES ALL TOGE!R4 ,= HIS P>T1 ,WA%+TON SELECT$ TWO PEOPLE FROM ,MT4 ,V]NON1 ,JACK & ,CES>1 !N B\<T F\R MORE FROM AN E/ATE SALE3 ,H>RY1 ,TOPSOM1 ,NAAN1 & A *ILD NAM$ ,TONEY4 

,H>RY WAS LIKELY BORN >\ND #agd NE> ! ,GAMBIA ,RIV] 9 ,WE/ ,AFRICA4 ,KIDNAPP$ & =C$ ACROSS ! ,ATLANTIC1 ,H>RY SURVIV$ ! GRUEL+ CONDITIONS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,PASSAGE ?AT TOOK ! LIVES ( MILLIONS1 >RIV+ 9 ,VIRG9IA >\ND #a#g#f#a4 ,?OMPSON1 ,NAAN1 & ,TONEY MAY ALSO HAVE BE5 ,AFRICAN-BORN4 

,DESPITE ! 9VE/ORS' L[ OP9ION ( ! PEOPLE !Y =C$ TO DIG & DIT* ! SWAMP1 !SE SLAVES NOT ONLY SURVIV$ BUT REPEAT$LY ESCAP$ OV] ! FOLL[+ YE>S4 ,! O!R ACTS ( REBELLION !Y COMMITT$ >E LO/ TO HI/ORY4 ,?OSE MU/ HAVE BE5 CONSID]ABLE1 H[EV]1 9 VIEW ( ! C\RAGE IT TOOK TO RISK !IR LIVES TO ESCAPE4 

,9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#g#f#d1 A SLAVE :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,BREE*Y FL$ FROM ,MT4 ,V]NON4 ,BORN >\ND #a#g#d1 ,BREE*Y HAD EXP]I5C$ EXCRUCIAT+ *E/ PA9S & FEV] DUR+ ,FEBRU>Y #a#g#f1 REQUIR+ B$ RE/ & DOCTOR'S VISITS4 ,HE WAS GIV5 A LEA!R KNEE BRACE TOO DUR+ ! SUMM] ( #a#g#f#d1 PRESUMABLY FROM ! GRUEL+ F>M LABOR4 ,BREE*Y WAS CAPTUR$ & RETURN$ ,DECEMB] #ai BY 0,*RI/MAS 7,CRIEMUS7 ,MEEK9S 7,MEAK5S7 ( ,NEW ,K5T ,C\NTY40 ,BREE*Y WAS LI/$ 9 ONE ( ,WA%+TON'S LA/ LI/S ( SLAVES 9 #a#g#i#i4 

,ON ,APRIL #a1 #a#g#f#f1 ,WA%+TON PAID A BILL TO A ,M>YL& PRISON :]E ONE ( HIS SLAVES WAS H\S$1 A P]SON :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,CLOE4 ,AT ?IS TIME1 JAILS (T5 S]V$ AS AN EXT5SION ( H\SEHOLD AU?ORITY3 IF A WIFE1 M9OR1 SLAVE1 S]VANT1 OR APPR5TICE WAS MISBEHAV+ & ! HEAD ( ! H\SEHOLD C\LD AF=D TO PAY HIS OR H] KEEP1 ! (F5D] C\LD BE CONF9$ 9 ! JAIL OR PHYSICALLY PUNI%$ BY ! JAIL]4 ,LIKEWISE1 WOM51 PEOPLE ( COLOR1 OR APPR5TICES TRAVEL+ )\T !IR MA/] OR HIS WRITT5 APPROVAL C\LD BE LOCK$ UP UNTIL !IR MA/] LOCAT$ !M & PAID = !IR KEEP4 ,GIV5 H[ F> AWAY FROM ,MT4 ,V]NON %E WAS1 ,CLOE WAS LIKELY ON ! LAM :5 %E WAS CONF9$4 

,LAT] 9 #a#g#f#f1 TWO SLAVES :OSE NAMES >E RECORD$ AS ,TOM & ,BETT RAN AWAY FROM ,MT4 ,V]NON4 ,TOM1 ! SLAVE =EMAN AT ,RIV] ,F>M1 WAS SOLD ! FOLL[+ YE> 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES AS A PUNI%M5T = BE+ 0BO? A ,ROGUE @& ,RUNAWAY40 ,WA%+TON WROTE TO ! %IP'S CAPTA9 TO 0KEEP HIM H&CUFFD TILL Y\ GET TO ,SEA40 ,BETT1 TOO1 WAS EV5TUALLY CAU<T4 

,9 LATE #a#g#f#g1 SEV]AL SLAVES 9 ,FAIRFAX >EA CONSPIR$ TO KILL !IR MA/]S4 ,SLAVES BELONG+ TO ,WA%+TON'S BUS9ESS P>TN]1 FRI5D1 & FELL[ F\ND+ FA!R ,GEORGE ,MASON W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! PLOT4 ,FEEL+ HE WAS NOT PROP]LY REIMBURS$ = ! ,CR[N EXECUT+ HIS SLAVES1 ,MASON HAD ,WA%+TON COLLECT MONEY FROM ,MASON'S DEBTORS TO HELP HIS BUS9ESS /AY AFLOAT4 ,?IS 9CID5T WAS REPORT$ 9 ! ,P5NSYLVANIA ,GAZETTE ( ,DECEMB] #c#a1 #a#g#f#g3 

0,FROM ,ALEX&RIA1 9 ,VIRG9IA1 WE LE>N1 ?AT A ,NUMB] ( ,NEGROES !RE HAD LATELY CONSPIR$ TO POISON !IR ,OV]SE]S1 & ?AT SEV]AL ,P]SONS HAVE LO/ !IR ,LIVES 9 ,CONSEQU5CE !RE(2 ?AT SOME ( ! ,NEGROES HAVE BE5 TAK5 UP1 F\R ( :OM W]E EXECUT$ AB\T ?REE ,WEEKS AGO1 AFT] :I* !IR ,HEADS W]E CUT (F1 & FIX$ ON ! ,*IMNIES ( ! ,C\RT-,H\SE2 & IT WAS EXPECT$ ?AT F\R MORE W\LD SOON MEET ) ! SAME ,FATE40 

,GEORGE ,MASON LAT] VOIC$ OPPOSITION TO SLAV]Y4 ,YET HE NEV] GAVE FULL CR$IT TO ! C\RAGE ( ?OSE :O REBELL$ AGA9/ HIM1 CONV9C+ HIM ?AT 5SLAV+ PEOPLE WAS MORE TR\BLE ?AN IT WAS WOR?4 ,HI/ORIANS HAVE REPEAT$ ! OMISSION1 DESCRIB+ ,MASON AS A HUMANIT>IAN1 NOT AS A MAN $UCAT$ BY O!RS' C\RAGE\S DEFIANCE TO HIM4 

,9 ,APRIL #a#g#f#g1 AN ,AFRICAN SLAVE :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,TOM ESCAP$ FROM =C$ LABOR AT ! ,DISMAL ,SWAMP4 ,HE SEEMS TO HAVE REMA9$ AT LIB]TY = QUITE SOME TIME4 ,AN ADV]TISEM5T = HIS CAPTURE ?AT ,WA%+TON'S BRO!R PLAC$ 9 ! ,VIRG9IA ,GAZETTE 9 ,WILLIAMSBURG ON ,JUNE #b#c1 #agfh READS3 

0,NANSEMOND1 ,JUNE #b1 #a#g#f#h4 ,R,U,N AWAY FROM ! SUBSCRIB] SOME TIME 9 ,APRIL #a#g#f#g1 A NEW ,NEGRO MAN NAM$ ,T,O,M1 BELONG+ TO ! PROPRIETORS ( ! ,DISMAL ,SWAMP4 ,HE IS AB\T #e FEET #f 9*ES HI<1 HAS HIS C\NTRY M>KS 7?AT IS1 F\R ON EA* ( HIS *EEKS47 ,ANY P]SON ?AT APPREH5DS ! SAID FELL[1 SO ?AT ,I MAY GET HIM1 %ALL HAVE ?REE P\NDS REW>D40 

,ON ,JULY #b#a1 #a#g#g1 ,MI*AEL ,TRACEY1 AN 9D5TUR$ S]VANT [N$ BY ,WA%+TON1 RAN AWAY4 ,TRACEY WAS BORN 9 ,IREL& & 9D5TUR$ 9 ,VIRG9IA4 ,A BRICKLAY] BY TRADE1 HE WAS B\<T BY ,WA%+TON ON ,JULY #b#e1 #a#g#f#h1 :51 ACCORD+ TO ,WA%+TON'S DI>Y1 HE 

0,W5T TO ,ALEX&RIA @& B\<T A ,BRICKLAY] FROM ,MR4 ,PIP] @& RETURND TO ,D9N]40 

,MI*AEL WAS AT ,MT4 ,V]NON TIL AT LEA/ #agg :5 HE WAS SOLD TO AN ,ALEX&RIA BREW] NAM$ ,&REW ,WALES1 :O LAT] REPORT$ HIM MISS+4 

,9 ,JUNE #a#g#g#a1 ,WILL ,%AG ESCAP$ FROM ! ,GREAT ,H\SE ,PLANTATION :]E HE WAS 5SLAV$4 ,! E/ATE BELONG$ TO ,M>?A ,WA%+TON'S SON1 ,JOHN ,P>KE ,CU/IS1 BUT IT WAS UND] ,WA%+TON'S C>E1 AS ,JOHN HAD NOT YET FULLY REA*$ ADUL?OOD4 ,WILL'S ABS5CE WAS IMM$IATELY REPORT$ TO ,WA%+TON4 

,WILL HAD REPEAT$LY ESCAP$ BE=E4 ,HIS CAPTORS HAD MOV$ HIM TO ! ,GREAT ,PLANTATION 9 ! HOPES IT W\LD SETTLE HIM4 ,FOLL[+ HIS ESCAPE1 HE LIV$ = A FEW MON?S ALONG ! ,YORK ,RIV] & PASS$ AS A FREE MAN BY ! NAME ( ,WILL ,JONES4 ,AN OV]SE] FROM ,GREAT ,H\SE W5T TO CAPTURE HIM & BR+ HIM BACK1 BUT ON ! WAY1 ,WILL BEAT HIM & ESCAP$ AGA94 

,JOSEPH ,VAL5T9E1 MANAG] ( ,GREAT ,H\SE1 RAN ?IS ADV]TISEM5T 9 ! ,JULY #a#h1 #agga $ITION ( ! ,VIRG9IA ,GAZETTE3 

0,RAN AWAY1 AB\T ! MIDDLE ( ,JUNE LA/1 FROM ,MR4 ,JOHN ,P>KE ,CU/IS'S PLANTATION1 NE> ! ,CAPITOL L&+1 A LIKELY Y\NG ,VIRG9IA BORN ,NEGRO FELL[ NAM$ ,WILL1 AB\T #f FEET HI<1 V]Y FULL FAC$1 & FULL EY$4 ,! SAID ,NEGRO BROKE ,YORK JAIL SOME TIME AGO1 & WAS TAK5 AGA91 BUT 9 BR++ HIM HOME TO ! SAID PLANTATION HE MADE HIS ESCAPE FROM ! OV]SE]4 ,AS HE PASS$ AT ,YORK SOME TIME = A FREE MAN1 ,I HAVE REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT HE WILL TRY TO GET ON BO>D SOME VESSEL4 ,:OEV] WILL BR+ ! SAID ,NEGRO TO ME1 NE> ,WILLIAMSBURG1 %ALL RECEIVE ,TW5TY %ILL+S REW>D1 BESIDES :AT ! LAW ALL[S4 ,HE IS \T-LAW$4444 ,ALL MA/]S ( VESSELS >E CAUTION$ AGA9/ TAK+ HIM ON BO>D AT !IR P]IL40 

,! PROCESS ( 0\TLAW+0 A SLAVE WAS SET =? 9 0,AN ,ACT DIRECT+ ! TRIAL ( ,SLAVES COMMITT+ CAPITAL CRIMES444 & = ! BETT] GOV]NM5T ( NEGROES1 MULATTOES1 & ,9DIANS1 BOND OR FREE40 ,?IS ACT /IPULAT$ ?AT 9 ! CASE ( 0\TLAW$0 FUGITIVE SLAVES1 

0IT %ALL BE LAWFUL = ANY P]SON1 OR P]SONS :ATSOEV]1 TO KILL & DE/ROY SU* SLAVES1 BY ANY WAYS OR MEANS1 )\T ACCUSATION1 OR IMPEA*M5T ( ANY CRIME = ! SAME40 

,AFT] SEV]AL WEEKS ( FRE$OM1 ,WILL ,%AG WAS >RE/$4 ,9 ,AUGU/1 ,VAL5T9E WROTE TO ,WA%+TON 9=M+ HIM ( ! SITUATION1 SAY+ ( ,WILL 0HE WILL NOT WORKE & A GREAT] ,ROGE IS NOT TO BE F\N40 ,A MON? LAT]1 ! OV]SE]S AT ,BAK]S ,QU>T] >E REPORT$ TO HAVE CAPTUR$ ,WILL SLEEP+ 9 ! WOODS4 ,VAL5T9E 9SI/$ ?AT ,WA%+TON %\LD SELL HIM1 AS !Y W\LD NEV] BE ABLE TO KEEP HIM 9 CAPTIVITY4 

,ON ,JULY #b#i1 #a#g#g#a1 A VALUABLE O/L] NAM$ ,H>RY MADE HIS FIR/ ESCAPE FROM ,M\NT ,V]NON4 ,H>RY HAD SP5T YE>S 5SLAV$ 9 ! MOSQUITO-9VE/$ ,DISMAL ,SWAMP DIGG+ DIT*ES & CUTT+ WOOD1 !N SL[LY WORK$ HIS WAY UP TO BECOME A H\SE S]VANT C>+ = ,WA%+TON'S HORSES4 ,9 ,JUNE1 ,H>RY HAD BE5 DEMOT$ TO BUILD+ A MILL AT ,MT4 ,V]NON'S FUR!/ PROP]TY1 ,F]RY ,PLANTATION4 ,?IS %IFT MAY HAVE BE5 TOO REM9ISC5T ( ! SWAMP2 IT WAS ALMO/ C]TA9LY ! CATALY/ = HIS ,JULY CAVALE4 

,WA%+TON PAID ONE P\ND & SIXTE5 %ILL+S TO ADV]TISE = ! RECOV]Y ( HIS PROP]TY1 AS ,CASS&RA ,PYBUS RELATES 9 ,! ,HUMAN ,TRADITION 9 ! ,BLACK ,ATLANTIC1 #a#e-#b4 ,WA%+TON NOT$ 9 HIS DI>Y ON ,AUGU/ #b1 #a#g#g#a1 0,AT HOME ALL DAY A WRIT+ ,LETT]S @& ,ADV]TISEM5TS ( ,H>RY :O RUN AWAY ! #b#i?40 ,H>RY WAS CAPTUR$ & RETURN$ A FEW WEEKS LAT]1 BUT REMA9$ DET]M9$ TO ESCAPE4 

,ON ,DECEMB] #e1 #a#g#g#a1 ! ,VIRG9IA ,GAZETTE1 ,WILLIAMSBURG1 RAN ! FOLL[+ ADV]TISEM5T3 

0,R,U,N AWAY FROM ! ,SUBSCRIB]1 9 ,ISLE ( ,WI<T1 A ,NEGRO NAM$ ,J,A,C,K1 AB\T FIVE & ?IRTY ,YE>S ( ,AGE1 FIVE ,FEET T5 ,9*ES HI<1 A SLIM1 CLEAN MADE1 TALKATIVE1 >TFUL1 & V]Y SAUCY ,FELL[4 ,ALSO A ,NEGRO ,WOMAN NAM$ ,V,5,U,S1 ?IRTY TWO ,YE>S OLD1 FIVE ,FEET F\R ,9*ES HI<1 /\T MADE1 V]Y SMOO? TONGU$1 & HAS BE5 FIVE ,YE>S ACCU/OM$ TO ! ,H\SE4 ,!Y WORK$ 9 ! ,DISMAL ,SWAMP AB\T TWO ,YE>S1 UND] ,MR4 ,JOHN ,WA%+TON1 & C>RI$ ) !M SEV]AL DIFF]5T ,K9DS ( ,APP>EL4 ,:OEV] DELIV]S ! SAID ,NEGROES TO ME1 OR SECURES !M SO ?AT ,I MAY GET !M1 %ALL HAVE A ,REW>D ( ,=,T,Y ,%,I,L,L,+,S = EA*40 

,V5US & ,JACK1 =M]LY [N$ BY ! ,WA%+TONS & ! ,DISMAL ,SWAMP ,COMPANY1 ESCAP$ REPEAT$LY OV] AN EI<T-YE> P]IOD4 

,A LI/ ( SLAVES HELD CAPTIVE UND] ,WA%+TON'S AU?ORITY 9 ,DECEMB] #agga 9CLUDES OV] #b PEOPLE4 

,9 SPR+ ( #a#g#g#b1 ,WILL ,%AG SUCCE$$ 9 ESCAP+ AGA94 ,HE WAS CAPTUR$ ONCE MORE & RETURN$ 9 ,JULY4 ,! FOLL[+ W9T]1 ,WA%+TON HAD HIM SOLD 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,UNCOMPROMIS+ REBELS LIKE ,WILL SPREAD REVOLT :]EV] !Y W]E S5T4 

,9 #a#g#g#c1 A SLAVE 9 HIS E>LY FIFTIES :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,COA*MAN ,JIMMY1 ESCAP$ FROM ,WA%+TON'S ,GREAT ,H\SE PLANTATION AFT] BE+ PUT TO WORK MAK+ DIT*ES4 ,JAMES ,HILL1 ! MANAG] ( ! PLANTATION1 CALL$ ,JIMMY 0ONE ( ! ,GREATE/ ,RAS*ALS ,I EV] LOOKD AFT] 9 ALL MY LIFE0 & ADVIS$ ,WA%+TON TO GET RID ( HIM AS SOON AS POSSIBLE3 

0!RE IS NO GETG4 ( HIM TO DO ANY ?+ MORE !N HE ,PLEASES @& HE ONLY CORRUPTS ! ,RE/ @& IF Y\ DONT CONCLUDE TO ,SELL HIM AM DET]M9$ TO S5D HIM TO ! ,EA/5 ,%ORE ?AT HE NEV] ,%ALL ,/RIKE A ,/ROKE ?IS SIDE :ILE ,I /AY 9 ! ,E/ATE40 

,IF ,JIMMY WAS CAU<T1 ,HILL ADVIS$ ,WA%+TON TO SELL HIM TO ! ,C>IBBEAN LIKE ,WILL ,%AG1 & 9 NO CASE KEEP HIM ON ! E/ATE--BECAUSE EV5 IF HE W]E KEPT 9 %ACKLES1 0! NEGRO ,BLACKSMI?S 9 T[N WILL SOON FILE !M (F40 ,?IS COMM5T H9TS AT ! CL&E/9E NETWORKS ( SOLID>ITY ?AT R5D]$ ALL !SE ESCAPES POSSIBLE4 

,! SAME YE>1 ! SLAVE :O HAD ESCAP$ ) 0,V5US0 9 #a#g#g#a1 :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS 0,JACK ,DISMAL0 ON ACC\NT ( ! YE>S ( H>D LABOR HE HAD P]=M$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ,WA%+TON'S ATTEMPT TO 0DRA9 ! SWAMP10 ESCAP$ AGA9 FROM ! MAN :O HAD B\<T HIM FROM ! ,WA%+TONS4 ,! ,FEBRU>Y #a#h1 #aggc ISSUE ( ! ,VIRG9IA ,GAZETTE READS3 

0,R,U,N AWAY FROM ,MR4 ,JAMES ,HUNT]'S1 OPPOSITE ,FR$]ICKSBURG1 ON HIS WAY TO ,FR$]ICK1 A ,NEGRO MAN NAM$ ,J,A,C,K ,D,I,S,M,A,L1 A BLACK SLIM MADE FELL[1 AB\T #e FEET #a 9*ES HI<1 HAS ?ICK LIPS1 & IS A CUNN+1 >TFUL FELL[4 ,IT IS SUPPOS$ HE W5T D[N ,RAPPAHANNOCK 9 SOME VESSEL1 9 ORD] TO GET TO ,JAMES RIV]4 ,:OEV] SECURES ! SAID ,NEGRO1 SO ?AT ,I GET HIM AGA91 %ALL HAVE ,=,T,Y ,%,I,L,L,+,S1 OR ,F,I,V,E ,P,\,N,D,S IF DELIV]$ TO ,WILLIAM ,H]NDON1 MY OV]SE] 9 ,FR$]ICK C\NTY40 

,READ+ SU* ADS1 ONE IS /RUCK BY ! C5TRAL ROLE ?AT NEWSPAP]S PLAY$ 9 MA9TA9+ :ITE SUPREMACY1 & BY ! FACT ?AT W\LD-BE SLAVE [N]S W]E CON/ANTLY =C$ TO %ELL \T REW>D MONEY TO MA9TA9 !IR POSITION4 ,BE=E ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION1 AS TODAY1 WEAL?Y PROP]TY [N]S1 CORPORATE M$IA \TLETS1 & >M$ 5=C]S ( ORD] =M$ A ?REE-WAY ALLIANCE4 

,! ,TIDE ( ,REVOLUTION 

,ALL ! T5SIONS 9 ! COLONIES W]E COM+ TO A HEAD AT ONCE4 ,WILLIAM ,WEB/]1 AN 9D5TUR$ S]VANT AT ,MT4 ,V]NON PUR*AS$ 9 ,M>* #a#g#g#d1 RAN AWAY IMM$IATELY4 ,HE WAS CAPTUR$ & RETURN$ ON ,APRIL #b#f1 #a#g#g#d1 BUT HE ESCAP$ AGA9 A YE> LAT]4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ,WA%+TON WAS RAIL+ AGA9/ ! 0,9TOL]ABLE ,ACTS0 PASS$ BY ! ,BRITI% ,P>LIAM5T TO PUNI% COLONI/S 9 ,MASSA*USETTS = ! ,BO/ON ,TEA ,P>TY4 ,HE WROTE TO ,BRYAN ,FAIRFAX ?AT 

0,! CRISIS IS >RIV$ :5 WE MU/ ASS]T \R RI<TS OR SUBMIT TO EV]Y IMPOSITION TILL CU/OM & USE %ALL MAKE US AS TAME & ABJECT SLAVES1 AS ! BLACKS WE RULE OV] ) SU* >BITR>Y SWAY40 

,:5 COLONIAL ,GOV]NOR ,LORD ,DUNMORE DISB&$ ! ,H\SE ( ,BURGESSES1 ,WA%+TON *AIR$ A MEET+ 9 ,FAIRFAX ,C\NTY CONDEMN+ ! TAXES IMPOS$ BY ! ,CR[N & CALL+ = ! FIR/ 9T]-COLONIAL CONV5TION ( ! COLONIES4 ,! MEET+ & 5SU+ PROCLAMATION >E KN[N AS ! ,FAIRFAX ,RESOLVES3 0,WE WILL USE EV]Y MEANS :I* ,HEAV5 HA? GIV5 US TO PREV5T \R BECOM+ ITS .<,BRITA9'S.> SLAVES40 

,9 ,APRIL #a#g#g#e1 ,WILLIAM ,WEB/] ESCAP$ AGA91 ?IS TIME 9 ! COMPANY ( ANO!R 9D5TUR$ S]VANT1 ,?OMAS ,SPE>S4 ,:ILE PREP>+ TO RISE 9 REBELLION AGA9/ ! ,CR[N1 ,WA%+TON (F]$ A REW>D ( =TY DOLL>S = ! RETURN ( !SE TWO M5 HE S\<T TO KEEP 9 SUBJUGATION4 

,ON ,JUNE #a#d1 #a#g#g#e1 ,CONGRESS CREAT$ ! ,CONT95TAL ,>MY & APPO9T$ ,WA%+TON ,COMM&]-9-,*IEF4 ,HIS REFUSAL TO ACCEPT A SAL>Y WON HIM ACCLAIM2 ! TRU? IS ?AT ! UNPAID LABOR ( HIS MANY SLAVES R5D]$ ANY SAL>Y ! REBEL COLONIES C\LD RAISE = HIM SUP]FLU\S4 

,T5 DAYS LAT]1 A SLAVE :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,*>LES ESCAP$ FROM ,WA%+TON'S BRO!R4 ,*>LES HAD SU/A9$ A S]I\S KNEE 9JURY1 LIKELY :ILE LABOR+ TO 5RI* ! ,WA%+TON FAMILY4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #g1 #a#g#g#e1 ,JOSEPH ,SMI?1 AN 9D5TUR$ PA9T] FROM ,SCOTL&1 ESCAP$ FROM ,WA%+TON'S BRO!R-9-LAW :ILE ON LOAN FROM ,WA%+TON4 ,HE W5T TO FI<T = ! ,BRITI% =CES UND] ,LORD ,DUNMORE1 PREF]R+ ! TYRANNY ( ! ,CR[N TO ! TYRANNY ( HIS MA/]4 ,AS A C\S9 ( ,WA%+TON'S WROTE TO ,WA%+TON1 UPON ,SMI?'S W\ND+ & CAPTURE1 

0,! ,PA9T7]7 WAS ONE AMONG ! ,PRISON]S TAK5 AT ,HAMPTON1 AFT] RECIEVEG A W\ND 9 ! ?I<--@& IS N[ 9 JAIL AT ,WMSBURG ! W\ND ALMO/ WELL--,I HAVE WROTE TO ,COLO4 ,LEWIS DESIREG HE W\D ORD] HIM UP TO ,FR$RIXBURG1 IF HE CANNOT SELL HIM 9 ,WMSBURG1 @& SELL HIM TO SOME ( ! BACK PEOPLE1 AFT] ,:IPG HIM AT A ,PUBLICK :IP+ ,PO/--MY 9=MATION IS FROM ,?OS ,DAVIS BY LA/ ,PO/--HE CALLS HIMSELF ,JOSEPH ,WILSON BUT ACKN[L$GES HIMSE.<L.>F TO BE Y\R ,S]VT1 @& ?AT HE ,RUN AWAY FROM ,COLO4 ,LEWIS1 BUT IS UNWIL+ TO BE S5T BACK4 

,\R ,DUNMORE HAS AT L5G? ,PUBLI%D HIS MU* DREAD$ PROCLAMATION--DECL>EG ,FRE$OM TO ,ALL ,9D5T$ ,S]VTS @& ,SLAVES 7! ,PROP]TY ( ,REBELS7 ?AT WILL REPAIR TO HIS MAJE/YS ,/&>D--BE+ ABLE TO BE> ,>MS--,:AT EFFECT IT WILL HAVE UPON ?OSE SORT ( PEOPLE ,I CANNOT TELL--,I ?9K IF !RE WAS NO :ITE ,S]VTS 9 ?IS FAMILY ,I %\D BE UND] NO APPREH5SITION AB\T ! ,SLAVES1 H[EV] ,I AM DET]M9$1 ?AT IF ANY ( !M ,CREATE ANY CONFUSITION TO MAKE @& .<AN.> EXAMPLE ( HIM1 ,SE>S :O IS AT WORCK H]E SAYS !RE IS NOT A MAN ( !M1 BUT W\D LEAVE US1 IF !Y BELIEVE'D !Y C\D MAKE !RE ,ESCAPE--,TOM ,SPE>S ,EXCEPT$--@& YET !Y HAVE NO FAULT TO F9D.<4.> ,LIB]TY IS SWEET40 

,?IS LETT] REVEALS A GREAT DEAL AB\T ! LOYALTIES ( 9D5TUR$ S]VANTS4 ,! CONDITIONS ( UNRE/ ?AT HAD >IS5 9 ! COLONIES HAD =C$ ! ,BRITI% TO (F] !M ! POSSIBILITY ( FRE$OM--& ?IS WAS MORE ATTRACTIVE TO !M ?AN ! M]E NATIONAL LIB]ATION ?AT ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON S\<T :ILE AIM+ TO KEEP SLAVES & 9D5TUR$ S]VANTS 9 *A9S4 

,ALREADY1 BY ,NOVEMB] #a#g#g#e1 HUNDR$S ( RUNAWAYS HAD MADE !IR WAY TO ,DUNMORE'S CAMP4 ,BY ! 5D ( ! W>1 BETWE5 #h1 & #a1 SLAVES HAD ESCAP$--R\<LY #a 9 #d.<#f.>--MAK+ ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION ! FIR/ MASS SLAVE EXODUS 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY4 ,H[EV]1 ONLY #b1-#c1 MADE IT ACROSS ,BRITI% L9ES4 7,BY CONTRA/1 A M]E #e SLAVES F\<T ALONGSIDE !IR MA/]S = ,AM]ICAN ,9DEP5D5CE47 ,:]E DID ! RE/ ( ! ESCAPEES GO8 ,SOME W]E CAPTUR$ & RETURN$2 O!RS SUCCUMB$ TO DISEASE2 BUT ! RE/ MU/ HAVE MELT$ AWAY 9TO M>OON COMMUNITIES OR SET \T = ! FRONTI]4 

,WA%+TON PRIVATELY FE>$ ! DEFECTION ( S]VANTS & SLAVES TO ,BRITI% L9ES1 ADMITT+ TO ,RI*>D ,H5RY ,LEE1 0,IF ?AT MAN .<,DUNMORE.> IS NOT CRU%$ BE=E SPR+ HE WILL BECOME ! MO/ =MIDABLE 5EMY ( ,AM]ICA444 ,HIS /R5G? WILL 9CREASE AS A SN[BALL BY ROLL+1 & FA/]1 IF SOME EXP$I5T CANNOT BE HIT UPON TO CONV9CE ! SLAVES & S]VANTS ( ! IMPOT5CY ( HIS DESIGNS40 

,ON ,JULY #a#i1 #a#g#g#f1 FIFTE5 DAYS AFT] ! SIGN+ ( ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE1 ,H>RY1 ! SLAVE :O HAD MADE AN ESCAPE 9 #a#g#g#a1 S\<T AGA9 TO ESCAPE ALONG ) A C\PLE ( :ITE S]VANTS4 ,! GR\P MADE !IR WAY D[N ! ,POTOMAC UNTIL !Y REA*$ ,LORD ,DUNMORE'S OV]CR[D$1 DISEASE-RIDD5 FLEET4 ,AN \TBREAK ( SMALLPOX FOLL[$ BY TYPHOID FEV] =C$ ,DUNMORE TO LAT] ADMIT1 0,!RE WAS NOT A %IP 9 ! FLEET ?AT DID NOT ?R[ ONE1 TWO1 ?REE OR MORE DEAD OV]BO>D EV]Y NI<T40 

,DESPITE ! MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS1 ,H>RY 5LI/$ 9 ,DUNMORE'S 0,BLACK ,PIONE]S0 & ROSE TO ! RANK ( ,CORPORAL4 ,DUR+ ! 9VASION ( ,*>LE/ON 9 #a#g#h#a1 ,H>RY COMM&$ A COMPANY ( BLACK TROOPS4 ,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! BLACK SOLDI]S SAW LITTLE TO NO COMBAT1 S]V+ A SUPPORT ROLE ( E/ABLI%+ 9FRA/RUCTURE1 BUILD+ E>?WORKS1 & ASSEMBL+ GRAPE%OT4 ,PEOPLE ( COLOR PLAY$ SIMIL> ROLES 9 ! ,U,S MILIT>Y DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I & O!R CAMPAIGNS4 

,9 #a#g#g#h1 ,WA%+TON ORD]$ ?AT A SLAVE NAM$ ,PRISCILLA BE SEP>AT$ FROM H] HUSB& & S5T FROM ,MT4 ,V]NON TO S]VE HIS MO!R ,M>Y ,BALL ,WA%+TON 9 ,FR$]ICKSBURG4 ,PRISCILLA & H] HUSB& PROTE/$ ! MOVE VIGOR\SLY UNTIL ,WA%+TON WAS =C$ TO REUNITE !M A YE> LAT]4 ,9CID5TS LIKE ?IS ONE %[ ?AT 9 !SE UNPR$ICTABLE CONDITIONS ( SOCIAL F]M5T1 EV5 5SLAV$ PEOPLE :O DID NOT *OOSE TO ESCAPE C\LD BR+ LEV]AGE TO BE> ON !IR CAPTORS1 =C+ !M TO MAKE CONCESSIONS4 

,! SAME YE>1 ,JACK ,DISMAL & ,V5US ESCAP$ AGA9 ) ANO!R SLAVE NAM$ ,Z5Y & H] DAU<T] ,NELLY4 ,MEAN:ILE1 A SLAVE BELONG+ TO ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,B51 DI$ :ILE BE+ =C$ TO WORK 9 ! RICE FIELD ( ! ,GREAT ,DISMAL ,SWAMP4 ,?IS TRAGIC EPISODE ILLU/RATES ! =TITUDE ?AT ,JACK1 ,V5US1 ,H>RY1 & O!RS DISPLAY$ 9 SURVIV+ !IR ORDEAL 9 ! SWAMP & REPEAT$LY SETT+ \T = FRE$OM4 

,9 #a#g#g#i1 ,WA%+TON E>N$ HIS TITLE1 0,T[N ,DE/ROY]10 BY ORD]+ ! ,SULLIVAN ,EXP$ITION1 :I* DEMOLI%$ AT LEA/ #d ,HAUD5OSAUNEE 7,IROQUOIS7 VILLAGES 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,?\< RELATIVELY FEW ( ! ,HAUD5OSAUNEE W]E KILL$ \TRI<T1 ! DE/RUCTION ( !IR HOMES1 CROPS1 CATTLE1 & W9T] /ORES CREAT$ A SITUATION 9 :I* ONE 9 FIVE ( ! #e ,HAUD5OSAUNEE REFUGEES DI$ ( HUNG] OR EXPOSURE ?AT W9T]4 ,! >EA WE N[ ?9K ( AS RURAL ,NEW ,YORK WAS CLE>$ = :ITE SETTLEM5T BY ?IS ACT ( MASS KILL+4 

,9 #a#g#h#a1 AT ! HI< PO9T ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W>1 ,WA%+TON'S C\S91 ,LUND ,WA%+TON1 RECORD$ ?AT #ag SLAVES HAD ESCAP$ FROM ,MT4 ,V]NON4 ,! F\RTE5 M5 & ?REE WOM5 TOOK REFUGE ON ! ,H,M,S ,SAVAGE DOCK$ 9 ! NE>BY ,POTOMAC4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,LUND ,WA%+TON1 !SE 9CLUD$.<#g.> 

0,PET]4 AN OLD MAN4 ,LEWIS4 AN OLD MAN4 ,FRANK4 AN OLD MAN4 ,FR$]ICK4 A MAN AB\T #de YE>S OLD2 AN OV]SE] & VALUABLE4 ,GUNN]4 A MAN AB\T #de YE>S OLD2 VALUABLE1 A ,BRICK MAK]4 ,H>RY4 A MAN AB\T #d YE>S OLD1 VALUABLE1 A ,HORSEL]4 ,TOM1 A MAN AB\T #b YE>S OLD1 /\T & ,HEAL?Y4 ,SAMBO4 A MAN AB\T #b YE>S OLD1 /\T & ,HEAL?Y4 ,?OMAS4 A LAD AB\T #ag YE>S OLD1 ,H\SE S]VANT4 ,PET]4 A LAD AB\T #ae YE>S OLD1 V]Y LIKELY4 ,/EPH54 A MAN AB\T #b YE>S OLD1 A COOP] BY TRADE4 ,JAMES4 A MAN AB\T #be YE>S OLD1 /\T & ,HEAL?Y4 ,WATTY4 A MAN AB\T #b YE>S OLD1 BY TRADE A WEAV]4 ,DANIEL4 A MAN AB\T #ai YE>S OLD1 V]Y LIKELY4 ,LUCY4 A WOMAN AB\T #b YE>S OLD4 ,ES!R4 A WOMAN AB\T #ah YE>S OLD4 ,DEBORAH4 A WOMAN AB\T #af YE>S OLD40 

,WA%+TON WROTE BACK1 FURI\S ) ! ,BRITI% = /EAL+ HIS PROP]TY4 

,! ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE ,CONCLUDES1 ,! ,W> ON ,SLAVES ,CONT9UES 

,:5 ! W> 5D$ 9 #a#g#h#b1 IT TOOK ! ,BRITI% =CES & !IR ALLIES BY SURPRISE4 ,BO/ON ,K+1 A SLAVE :O HAD LIB]AT$ HIMSELF1 RECALL$ ?AT 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 ! PEACE 

0ISSU$ UNIV]SAL JOY AMONG ALL P>TIES1 EXCEPT US1 :O HAD ESCAP$ FROM SLAV]Y1 & TAK5 REFUGE 9 ! ,5GLI% >MY2 = A REPORT PREVAIL$ AT ,NEW ,YORK1 ?AT ALL SLAVES1 9 NUMB] #b1 W]E TO BE DELIV]$ UP TO !IR MA/]S1 AL?\< SOME ( !M HAD BE5 ?REE OR F\R YE>S AMONG ! ,5GLI%4 ,?IS DREADFUL RUMOR FILL$ US ALL ) 9EXPRESSIBLE ANGUI% & T]ROR1 ESPECIALLY :5 WE SAW \R MA/]S COM+ FROM ,VIRG9IA1 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A1 & O!R P>TS1 & SEIZ+ UPON !IR SLAVES 9 ! /REETS ( ,NEW ,YORK1 OR EV5 DRAGG+ !M \T ( !IR B$S4 ,MANY ( ! SLAVES HAD V]Y CRUEL MA/]S1 SO ?AT ! ?\<TS ( RETURN+ HOME ) !M EMBITT]$ LIFE TO US4 ,= SOME DAYS1 WE LO/ \R APPETITE = FOOD1 & SLEEP DEP>T$ FROM \R EYES40 

,RA!R ?AN GO+ TO ,NEW ,YORK !MSELVES1 MA/]S (T5 HIR$ SLAVE CAT*]S OR COMPLA9$ TO (FICIALS4 ,VIRG9IA ,GOV]NOR ,B5JAM9 ,H>RISON WAS SO SWAMP$ BY COMPLA9TS ?AT HE WROTE ,WA%+TON = HELP1 :O ANSW]$1 

0,I HAVE BUT LITTLE EXPECTATION ?AT MANY WILL BE RECOV]$2 SEV]AL ( MY [N >E ) ! ,5EMY BUT ,I SC>CE EV] BE/[$ A ?\<T ON !M2 !Y HAVE SO MANY DOORS ?R\< :I* !Y CAN ESCAPE FROM ,NEW ,YORK1 ?AT SC>CE ANY ?+ BUT AN 9CL9ATION TO RETURN1 OR VOLUNT>ILY SURR5D] = !MSELVES WILL RE/ORE MANY TO !IR =M] ,MA/]S40 

,WA%+TON /ILL HOP$ TO RECOV] HIS 0PROP]TY10 H[EV]4 ,AS ! ,AM]ICANS BEGAN TO TAKE CONTROL ( ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 HE ASK$ LOCAL M]*ANT ,DANIEL ,P>K] TO LOOK = HIS RUNAWAYS3 0,IF BY *ANCE Y\ %\LD COME AT ! KN[L$GE ( ANY ( !M1 ,I WILL BE MU* OBLIG$ BY Y\R SECUR+ !M SO ,I MAY OBTA9 !M AGA940 ,APPO9T$ AS A COMMISSION] TO 5SURE NO ,AM]ICAN PROP]TY WAS TAK5 AWAY BY ! ,BRITI%1 ,DANIEL ,P>K] SUCCE$$ 9 CAPTUR+ SEV5 ( ! OV] TW5TY ESCAPEES FROM ,MT4 ,V]NON4 ,ONE ( ! #a<a RUNAWAYS1 ! #a#h-YE>-OLD ,DEBORAH1 MANAG$ TO LEAVE ,NEW ,YORK ABO>D ! ,POLLY ON ,APRIL #b#g1 #a#g#h#c4 ,H>RY1 HIS FUTURE WIFE1 ,J5NY1 & OV] #d SELF-LIB]AT$ =M] SLAVES FOLL[$ 9 ,JULY #a<c ON ,L',ABONDANCE4 ,F9ALLY1 ON ! V]Y LA/ %IP TO LEAVE ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY ) REFUGEE RUNAWAYS ON BO>D1 ,DANIEL1 ! #b#a-YE>-OLD :O ESCAP$ ) ,DEBORAH 9 #a#g#h#a1 LEFT ! C\NTRY = GOOD4 ,ALL TOLD1 ?\S&S ( RUNAWAYS W]E SUCCESSFULLY EVACUAT$ TO ,NOVA ,SCOTIA1 ,JAMAICA1 ! ,BAHAMAS1 & ,5GL&4 

,YET ,J5NY & ,H>RY SOON F\ND !MSELVES 9 A FREEZ+1 UNF>MABLE SECTION ( ,NOVA ,SCOTIA1 SUFF]+ A FATE ONLY SLI<TLY BETT] ?AN ?AT ( ,VIRG9IA SLAVES4 ,H]E1 TOO1 !Y W]E CONSID]$ 9F]IOR1 PROHIBIT$ FROM VOT+ OR S]V+ ON JURIES4 ,AFT] EI<T YE>S ( TOIL1 ! COMMUNITY S5T A DELEGATE TO ,BRITA9 TO PROTE/ !IR CONDITION4 ,HOP+ TO DRAW NEW SETTL]S TO !IR COLONY ON ! WE/ COA/ ( ,AFRICA1 ! ,SI]RA ,LEONE ,COMPANY (F]$ FREE GRANTS ( L& 0SUBJECT TO C]TA9 *>GES & OBLIGATIONS0 TO NEW SETTL]S3 TW5TY ACRES = EV]Y MAN1 T5 = EV]Y WOMAN1 FIVE = EV]Y *ILD4 

,& SO 9 #a#g#i#a1 ,J5NY1 ,H>RY1 & OV] #aa O!R REFUGEES :O HAD /AY$ 9 ,NOVA ,SCOTIA F\ND !MSELVES ON !IR WAY TO ,FREET[N1 ,SI]RA ,LEONE4 

,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION3 ,! ,REACTION 

,AFT] ! W>1 ! COLLECTIVE F]M5T ( ! MID-#a#gS GAVE WAY TO ! RE-5TR5*M5T ( BUREAUCRACY4 

,) ! ,TREATY ( ,P>IS 9 #a#g#h#c1 HO/ILITIES BETWE5 ! ,BRITI% & ,AM]ICANS (FICIALLY 5D$1 & ! ,BRITI% TURN$ OV] L&S FROM ! ,ATLANTIC ,OCEAN TO ! ,MISSISSIPPI ,RIV]4 ,OV] #d#e1 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS /ILL LIV$ 9 ! REGION WE/ ( ! ,APPALA*IAN ,M\NTA9S4 ,BE=E ! ,AM]ICANS TOOK CONTROL ( ! L&1 ,NATIVE REPRES5TATIVES BEGAN MEET+ TOGE!R TO COORD9ATE DEF5SE--9 SOME CASES SETT+ ASIDE G5]ATIONS ( 9T]-TRIBAL CONFLICT4 ,MANY /ILL REMEMB]$ ! BURN+ ( ,HAUD5OSAUNEE 7,IROQUOIS7 VILLAGES 9 RURAL ,NEW ,YORK1 ! MASSACRE AT ,GNAD5HUTT5 ( PACIFI/ ,L5NI ,L5APE 7,DELAW>E ,PEOPLE71 & O!R W> CRIMES COMMITT$ BY ! ,AM]ICANS DUR+ ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W>4 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS HAD WON MO/ ( !IR 5GAGEM5TS DUR+ ! W>1 YET HAD NOT BE5 CONSULT$ DUR+ ! PEACE PROCESS4 ,!Y DID NOT WI% TO C$E !IR HOMES NOR?WE/ ( ! ,OHIO ,RIV]4 

,ON ONE SIDE1 9 #a#g#h#e1 ,CONGRESS BEGAN SELL+ L& 9 ! ,OHIO ,RIV] ,VALLEY TO HELP PAY ! CO/S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W>4 ,ON ! O!R SIDE1 BY #a#g#h#f1 A =MAL SELF-DEF5SE COALITION WAS E/ABLI%$ 9VOLV+ MEMB]S ( ! ,W5DAT 7,HURONS71 ,%AWNEE1 ,ODAWAS1 ,ANI%9AABEG 7,OJIBWAS71 ,NE%NABE 7,POTAWATOMIS71 ,L5NI ,L5APE 7,DELAW>E71 ,MYAAMIAKI 7,MIAMI71 ,WAAYAAHTANWA 7,WEA71 ,KIIKAAPOA 7,KICKAPOO71 ,PEEYANKIHSIAKI 7,PIANKA%AW71 ,KAAHKAAHKIAKI 7,KASKASKIA71 & ,*ICKAMAUGA ,*]OKEE4 ,RAIDS & AMBU%ES AGA9/ SETTL]S 5CROA*+ ON ,NATIVE L& SOON FOLL[$4 ,MIHSIHK9AAHKWA 7,LITTLE ,TURTLE7 ( ! ,AT*AT*AKANG\5 7,CRANE ,B& ( ! ,MYAAMIAKI71 ,WEYAPI]S5WAH 7,BLUE ,JACKET7 ( ! ,%AWNEE1 ,BUCKONGAHELAS ( ! ,L5NI ,L5APE1 & ,EGU%AWA 7,! ,GA!R]7 ( ! ,ODAWA W]E AMONG ! LEAD]S DUR+ ! 5SU+ CONFLICT2 ! ,NOR?WE/ ,9DIAN ,W> IS SOMETIMES CALL$ ,LITTLE ,TURTLE'S ,W> OR ,BLUE ,JACKET'S ,W> 9 !IR HONOR4 

,9 #a#g#h#g1 ,CONGRESS PASS$ ! ,NOR?WE/ ,ORD9ANCE4 ,NOT ONLY DID ?IS ACT BULLHEAD$LY ASS]T ,U,S [N]%IP ( ! ,OHIO ,RIV] ,VALLEY1 IT ALSO PROCLAIM$3 

0,!RE %ALL BE NEI!R SLAV]Y NOR 9VOLUNT>Y S]VITUDE 9 ! SAID T]RITORY1 O!RWISE ?AN 9 ! PUNI%M5T ( CRIMES :]E( ! P>TY %ALL HAVE BE5 DULY CONVICT$3 ,PROVID$1 ALWAYS1 ,?AT ANY P]SON ESCAP+ 9TO ! SAME1 FROM :OM LABOR OR S]VICE IS LAWFULLY CLAIM$ 9 ANY ONE ( ! ORIG9AL ,/ATES1 SU* FUGITIVE MAY BE LAWFULLY RECLAIM$ & CONVEY$ TO ! P]SON CLAIM+ HIS OR H] LABOR OR S]VICE AS A=ESAID40 

,SLAVE [N]S F\ND A WAY >\ND ?IS EASILY 5\<3 FAMILY MEMB]S 9 A SLAVE /ATE W\LD SEASONALLY S5D SLAVES TO FAMILY MEMB]S 9 ,OHIO1 ,9DIANA1 OR ,ILL9OIS4 ,BE=E ! SLAVES C\LD E/ABLI% RESID5CY1 !Y W]E S5T BACK TO SLAVE /ATES1 ONLY TO BE ROTAT$ BACK TO 0FREE0 T]RITORY AGA9 A FEW MON?S LAT]4 ,GEORGE & ,M>?A ,WA%+TON UTILIZ$ ?IS TACTIC !MSELVES1 BR++ EI<T SLAVES--,GILES1 ,P>IS1 ,MOLL1 ,H]CULES1 ,RI*MOND1 ,*RI/OPH] ,%EELS1 ,ONEY ,JUDGE1 & H] HALF-BRO!R ,AU/9--TO ! ,PRESID5T'S ,H\SE 9 ,PHILADELPHIA1 !N ROTAT+ !M BACK TO ,MT4 ,V]NON OR TAK+ !M ON %ORT TRIPS TO ,NEW ,J]SEY4 ,:5 ,AU/9 DI$ 9 #a#g#i#d1 HE WAS REPLAC$ 9 ! ROTATION BY ,PO/ILION ,JOE ,RI*>DSON4 

,9 #a#g#h#i1 ! ,F$]AL GOV]NM5T FUR!R SOLIDIFI$ ITS P[] 9 ! ,CON/ITUTION1 PROTECT+ ! RI<TS ( SLAVE [N]S 9 ! PROCESS4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION 9FAM\SLY DECL>$ EA* SLAVE TO C\NT AS ?REE FIF?S ( A HUMAN BE+4 ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON BECAME ! FIR/ PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,9 #a#g#i1 ,WA%+TON ORD]$ ?AT AN >MY BE RAIS$ = ,SECRET>Y ( ,W> ,H5RY ,KNOX TO LAUN* A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! TRIBES TO ! NOR?WE/4 ,! FIR/ 5GAGEM5T PROV$ A DECISIVE LOSS = ! ,AM]ICANS1 :O LO/ OV] A HUNDR$ SOLDI]S4 ,WA%+TON ORD]$ ANO!R CAMPAIGN ! FOLL[+ YE>1 BUT ,MIHSIHK9AAHKWA1 ,WEYAPI]S5WAH1 & HUNDR$S ( ,NATIVE W>RIORS AMBU%$ ! ,AM]ICAN TROOPS1 KILL+ ! MAJORITY ( !M4 ,OV] ! FOLL[+ TWO YE>S1 ,NATIVE W>RIORS WON SEV]AL MORE 5GAGEM5TS1 BUT ! CO/ ( W> ULTIMATELY TOOK ITS TOLL4 ,AFT] ! ,NATIVE COALITION SURR5D]$1 =TS & O!R ,EUROPEAN 9FRA/RUCTURE BEGAN TO APPE> 9 ! ,OHIO ,RIV] ,VALLEY4 ,SO DID SLAVE [N]S4 

,9 #a#g#i#c1 ,WA%+TON SIGN$ ! ,FUGITIVE ,SLAVE ,ACT1 GIV+ P[] TO SLAVE [N]S OR !IR REPRES5TATIVES TO 5T] /ATES ?AT HAD \TLAW$ SLAV]Y TO REGA9 !IR SLAVES4 ,AS A ,F$]AL LAW1 ! ,ACT TRUMP$ LOCAL OR /ATE LAWS =BIDD+ ! KIDNAPP+ ( SELF-LIB]AT$ SLAVES4 ,! ,ACT ALSO =BID ANYONE FROM H>BOR+ OR AID+ A FUGITIVE SLAVE4 ,?OSE :O CONT9U$ TO AID RUNAWAYS RISK$ CORPORAL PUNI%M5T1 F9ES1 JAIL TIME1 &1 9 EXTREME CASES1 BANI%M5T4 

,WRIT+ TO HIS MANAG] ,WILLIAM ,PE>CE ?AT SAME YE>1 ,WA%+TON EMPHASIZ$ ! IMPORTANCE ( MA9TA9+ CLASS SOCIETY1 C\NSEL+ AGA9/ MANAG]S & OV]SE]S FRAT]NIZ+ ) SLAVES & S]VANTS3 

0,TO TREAT !M CIVILLY IS NO MORE ?AN :AT ALL M5 >E 5TITL$ TO1 BUT MY ADVICE TO Y\ IS1 TO KEEP !M AT A PROP] DI/ANCE2 = !Y WILL GR[ UPON FAMILI>ITY1 9 PROPORTION AS Y\ WILL S9K 9 AU?ORITY1 IF Y\ DO NOT40 

,:5 A SLAVE :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,ABRAM ESCAP$1 ,WA%+TON C\NSEL$ ,WILLIAM ,PE>CE 9 A LETT] WRITT5 ,M>* #agid ?AT :5 ,ABRAM WAS CAPTUR$ HE %\LD MAKE SURE HE WAS PUNI%$ 9 FRONT ( O!R SLAVES1 & PUNI%$ BY ! CRUEL] ( ! TWO OV]SE]S AT ,UNION ,F>M4 

,! FOLL[+ ,MAY1 T[>DS ! />T ( H] SECOND TRIME/] ( PREGNANCY1 ,PRISCILLA RAN AWAY = A WEEK4 ,%E MAY HAVE BE5 AWAY VISIT+ FRI5DS1 OR SEEK+ A RESPITE FROM WORK+ :ILE PREGNANT--OR P]HAPS %E DIDN'T WANT ANO!R *ILD BORN 9TO ! HELL ( ,MT4 ,V]NON4 

,9 #a#g#i#f1 #b#a-YE>-OLD ,ONEY ,JUDGE1 A D[] SLAVE BELONG+ TO ,M>?A ,WA%+TON1 WALK$ \T ! BACK DOOR ( ! ,PRESID5T'S ,H\SE & ESCAP$4 ,M>?A HAD BE5 PLANN+ TO GIVE ,ONEY TO H] GR&DAU<T] AS A W$D+ GIFT4 ,) OV] #b FREE PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ,PHILADELPHIA1 IT WAS A F> MORE PROMIS+ PLACE TO ESCAPE ?AN ,MT4 ,V]NON4 ,AS ,ONEY LAT] RECALL$1 

0,:IL/ !Y W]E PACK+ UP TO GO TO ,VIRG9IA1 ,I WAS PACK+ TO GO1 ,I DIDN'T KN[ :]E2 = ,I KNEW ?AT IF ,I W5T BACK TO ,VIRG9IA1 ,I %\LD NEV] GET MY LIB]TY4 ,I HAD FRI5DS AMONG ! COLOR$ PEOPLE ( ,PHILADELPHIA1 HAD MY ?+S C>RI$ !RE BE=EH&1 & LEFT ,WA%+TON'S H\SE :ILE !Y W]E EAT+ D9N]40 

,AN AD APPE>$ 9 ,! ,PHILADELPHIA ,GAZETTE ( ,MAY #b#d1 #agif ON BEHALF ( ! ,FIR/ ,LADY3 

0,ABSCOND$ FROM ! H\SEHOLD ( ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,O,N,E,Y ,J,U,D,G,E1 A LI<T MULATTO GIRL1 MU* FRECKL$1 ) V]Y BLACK EYES & BU%Y HAIR4 ,%E IS ( MIDDLE /ATURE1 SL5D]1 & DELICATELY =M$1 AB\T #b YE>S ( AGE4 ,%E HAS MANY *ANGES ( GOOD CLO!S1 ( ALL SORTS1 BUT !Y >E NOT SUFFICI5TLY RECOLLECT$ TO BE DESCRIB$--,AS !RE WAS NO SUSPICION ( H] GO+ (F1 NOR NO PROVOCATION TO DO SO1 IT IS NOT EASY TO CONJECTURE :I!R %E HAS GONE1 OR FULLY1 :AT H] DESIGN IS2 BUT AS %E MAY ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE BY WAT]1 ALL MA/]S ( VESSELS >E CAUTION$ AGA9/ ADMITT+ H] 9TO !M1 AL?\< IT IS PROBABLE %E WILL ATTEMPT TO PASS = A FREE WOMAN1 & HAS1 IT IS SAID1 :]E)AL TO PAY H] PASSAGE4 ,T5 DOLL>S WILL BE PAID TO ANY P]SON :O WILL BR+ H] HOME1 IF TAK5 9 ! CITY1 OR ON BO>D ANY VESSEL 9 ! H>BOR2--& A REASONABLE ADDITIONAL SUM IF APPREH5D$ AT1 & BR\<T FROM A GREAT] DI/ANCE1 & 9 PROPORTION TO ! DI/ANCE4 ,F,R,$,],I,C,K ,K,I,T,T1 ,/EW>D4 ,MAY #b#c0 

,RECLAIM+ ,ONEY BECAME AN OBSESSION = ,WA%+TON1 BUT %E ALWAYS MANAG$ TO /AY A /EP ( HEAD ( HIM4 ,FIR/1 %E W5T TO ,PORTSM\?1 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE4 ,BUT AFT] ,S5ATOR ,JOHN ,LANGDON SPOTT$ H] & SNIT*$ ON H] TO ! ,WA%+TONS1 ,ONEY PANICK$ & (F]$ TO RETURN TO ,MT4 ,V]NON IF H] FRE$OM C\LD BE GU>ANTE$ AT ! TIME ( ,WA%+TON'S DEA?4 ,! ,PRESID5T RESPOND$ FURI\SLY TO ,L&GON3 

0,I REGRET ?AT ! ATTEMPT Y\ MADE TO RE/ORE ! GIRL 7,ONEY ,JUDGE AS %E CALL$ H]SELF :ILE ) US1 & :O1 )\T ! LEA/ PROVOCATION ABSCOND$ FROM H] ,MI/RESS7 %\LD HAVE BE5 ATT5D$ ) SO LITTLE SUCCESS4 ,TO 5T] 9TO SU* A COMPROMISE1 AS %E HAS SUGGE/$ TO Y\1 IS TOTALLY 9ADMISSIBLE1 = REASONS ?AT MU/ /RIKE AT FIR/ VIEW3 = H[EV] WELL DISPOS$ ,I MI<T BE TO A GRADUAL ABOLITION1 OR EV5 TO AN 5TIRE EMANCIPATION ( ?AT DESCRIPTION ( ,PEOPLE 7IF ! LATT] WAS 9 ITSELF PRACTICABLE AT ?IS ,MOM5T7 IT W\LD NEI!R BE POLITIC OR JU/1 TO REW>D UNFAI?FULNESS ) A PREMATURE PREF]5CE2 & !REBY DISCONT5T1 BE=EH&1 ! M9DS ( ALL H] FELL[ ,S]VANTS2 :O BY !IR /EADY ADH]5CE1 >E F> MORE DES]V+ ?AN H]SELF1 ( FAVOR444 

,PUT H] ON BO>D A ,VESSEL B\ND EI!R TO ,ALEX&RIA OR ! ,F$]AL ,CITY444 ,I DO NOT MEAN H[EV]1 BY ?IS REQUE/1 ?AT SU* VIOL5T MEASURES %\LD BE US$ AS W\LD EXCITE A MOB OR RIOT1 :I* MI<T BE ! CASE IF %E HAS ADH]5TS1 OR EV5 UNEASY S5SATIONS 9 ! M9DS ( WELL DISPOS$ ,CITIZ5S4 RA!R ?AN EI!R ( !SE %D HAPP51 ,I W\LD =EGO H] S]VICES ALTOGE!R2 & ! EXAMPLE ALSO1 :I* IS ( 9F9ITE MORE IMPORTANCE40 

,LANGDON MO/LY ATTEMPT$ V]BAL P]SUASION AFT] ?IS1 AGREE+ ?AT PHYSICAL =CE W\LD LIKELY DRAW AN ABOLITIONI/ MOB TO ,ONEY'S DEF5SE4 ,HE ADD$ 0,IT HAS BE5 REM>K$ ?AT !RE >E MANY ,S]VANTS :O HAVE ESCAP$ FROM ! ,S\!RN ,/ATES 9TO ,MASSA*USETTS & SOME TO ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE10 =C+ ,LANGDON TO CONCLUDE TO ,WA%+TON ?AT ! PRACTICE ( SLAV]Y WAS MORE TR\BLE ?AN IT WAS WOR?4 

,ONEY FELL 9 LOVE ) A FREE SAILOR NAM$ ,JACK ,/A9ES4 ,DESPITE ,LANGDON'S ATTEMPTS TO BLOCK !IR M>RIAGE LIC5SE1 ! TWO W$D$1 MOV$ TO ,GRE5L&1 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE1 & HAD A DAU<T]1 :OM !Y NAMD ,ELIZA4 ,9 #a#g#i#h1 ,WA%+TON R5EW$ HIS EF=TS TO CAPTURE ,ONEY1 GO+ SO F> AS ?REAT5+ TO TAKE ,ELIZA1 :OM ! LAW DEEM$ HIS LEGAL PROP]TY1 BUT TO NO AVAIL4 

,BACK AT ,MT4 ,V]NON1 ,PRISCILLA ALSO FL$ AGA9 9 #a#g#i#f1 AFT] GIV+ BIR? 9 ,JANU>Y4 ,?IS TIME1 %E WAS CAPTUR$ & RETURN$ BY A ,WILLIAM ,M9T] ,GRE5 >\ND ,OCTOB] #b#d4 ,OV] ! NEXT C\PLE YE>S1 ,PRISCILLA WAS FREQU5TLY ILL1 BE+ =C$ TO LIVE 9 UNHEAL?Y CONDITIONS :ILE RAIS+ *ILDR5 )\T H] HUSB&1 :O WAS [N$ BY ,WA%+TON BUT KEPT ON A DIFF]5T F>M 9 ! ,MT4 ,V]NON COMPLEX4 

,! FOLL[+ ?REE YE>S SAW A S]IES ( FUR!R ESCAPES4 ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#b1 #a#g#i#g1 ,H]CULES1 :O HAD S]V$ AS ! ,PRESID5TIAL *EF1 ESCAP$4 ,ANO!R SLAVE NAM$ ,CES> WAS REPEAT$LY ABS5T FROM WORK4 ,9 ,APRIL #a#g#i#h1 SLAVES NAM$ ,LUCY & ,DUNDEE DISAPPE>$ = SEV]AL DAYS1 AS DID ,JOE1 A G>D5]1 & ANO!R SLAVE NAM$ ,SOPHIA LAT] ?AT YE>4 

,H]CULES HAD ALWAYS APPE>$ TO BE LOYAL TO ! ,WA%+TONS4 ,B\<T BY ! ,WA%+TONS 9 #agfg AS A F]RYMAN1 HE WORK$ HIS WAY UP TO S]VE AS HEAD COOK AT ,MT4 ,V]NON4 ,AS COOK1 ,H]CULES FOLL[$ ,WA%+TON TO ! ,PRESID5T'S ,H\SE 9 ,NEW ,YORK & ,PHILADELPHIA4 ,KN[N = RUL+ ! KIT*5 ) AN IRON FI/1 ,H]CULES S]V$ ! FOOD EAT5 BY ! FIR/ ,FIR/ ,FAMILY & ALL ! DIGNIT>IES !Y HO/$4 ,ONE GUE/ LAT] RECALL$1 A FEA/ ( 0ROA/ BEEF1 VEAL1 TURKEY1 DUCKS1 F[LS1 HAMS1 @&C42 PUDD+S1 JELLIES1 ORANGES1 APPLES1 NUTS1 ALMONDS1 FIGS1 RAIS9S1 & A V>IETY ( W9ES & PUN*ES40 

,DUE TO HIS WOR?1 ,H]CULES WAS GIV5 CONSID]ABLE FRE$OM3 HE WALK$ TO ! LOCAL M>KETS EA* MORN+1 P]US+ ! LATE/ >RIVALS 9 ! COSMOPOLITAN ,PHILADELPHIA1 & WAS EV5 ALL[$ TO SELLS SCRAPS FROM ! KIT*51 E>N+ HIM AN 9COME SIMIL> TO TOP-PAID *IEFS--@s#b A YE>4 

,LIV+ 9 ,PHILADELPHIA GAVE ,H]CULES ! *ANCE TO %[CASE HIS LATE/ WE>S4 ,AFT] S]V+ D9N] AT ! /ROKE ( #d1 ,H]CULES W\LD DRESS & /ROLL ! /REETS ( ! CITY4 ,HIS D&YISM WAS WIDELY KN[N4 

,YET AS A SLAVE1 ,H]CULES WAS ROTAT$ BETWE5 ,PHILADELPHIA & ,MT4 ,V]NON1 & ON ONE VISIT S\? HE WAS DEMOT$ TO ! HUMILIAT+ TASK ( DIGG+ DIT*ES4 ,H]CULES HAD S]V$ F9E MEATS & W9ES TO =EIGN DIGNIT>IES6 ,HE C\LD NOT ABIDE ?IS *ANGE 9 /ATUS4 

,FEBRU>Y #b#b1 #agig WAS ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S #f#e? BIR?DAY4 ,HE CELEBRAT$ ! DAY 9 ,PHILADELPHIA1 :]E SIXTE5 R\NDS ( CANNON FIRE ANN\NC$ ! G5]AL'S BIR?DAY4 ,FEBRU>Y #bb WAS ALSO A HOLIDAY = ! SLAVES & S]VANTS ( ,MT4 ,V]NON1 & ,H]CULES 9T5D$ TO MAKE GOOD USE ( IT4 ,P]HAPS US+ ! RIV]-F>+ KN[L$GE ( HIS Y\?1 & C\NT+ ON ! FREE PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ,PHILADELPHIA1 ,H]CULES MADE HIS WAY NOR?4 ,! LA/ ! ,WA%+TONS EV] HE>D ( ,H]CULES1 HE WAS LIV+ WELL 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 9 #a#h#a4 

,DUR+ ! SUMM] ( #a#g#i#i1 #b#e-YE>-OLD ,*RI/OPH] ,%EELS PLOTT$ TO ESCAPE ) HIS FIANCEE1 A WOMAN 5SLAV$ TO ,WA%+ON'S NEI<BOR1 ,ROG] ,WE/4 ,! PLAN WAS DISCOV]$ 9 ,SEPTEMB] :5 WRITT5 CORRESPOND5CE 9CLUD+ A MAP ( !IR R\TE WAS F\ND 9 ! Y>D ( ,MT4 ,V]NON4 

,BORN >\ND #aggd TO ,ALYCE1 AN 5SLAV$ SP9N]1 & ,*RI/OPH] ,%EELS1 A :ITE WAGON DRIV]1 ,*RI/OPH] SP5T HIS FIR/ F\RTE5 YE>S AT ,MT4 ,V]NON4 ,HIS GR&MO!R1 :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,OLD ,DOLL1 WAS ONE ( ! ORIG9AL D[] SLAVES BR\<T TO ,MT4 ,V]NON BY ,M>?A 9 ! #a#g#eS4 ,AS AN ADOLESC5T1 ,*RI/OPH] HAD ACCOMPANI$ ,WA%+TON TO ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY & !N ,PHILADELPHIA1 ACT+ AS ! ,PRESID5T'S LOYAL BODY S]VANT ! :OLE TIME4 ,EV5 ! W9T] AFT] HIS ATTEMPT WAS FOIL$1 AS ,WA%+TON LAY DY+1 ,*RI/OPH] ,%EEL /AY$ BY HIS B$--WITNESS+ ! 9FLAMMATION & BLOODLETT+ ?AT 5D$ ! FIR/ PRESID5T'S LIFE4 

,AFT] ,WA%+TON 

0,%AME6 ,%AME6 ,?AT MAN %\LD BE DEEM$ ! PROP]TY ( MAN OR ?AT ! NAME ( ,WA%+TON %\LD BE F\ND AMONG ! LI/ ( SU* PROPRIETORS40 -,$W>D ,RU%TON1 LETT] TO ,WA%+TON1 ,FEBRU>Y #b1 #agig 

,AM]ICA BEGAN ! #a#i? C5TURY 9 M\RN+4 ,CONGRESS WORE BLACK & SET ASIDE @s#b1 TO BUILD A PYRAMID MAUSOLEUM = ,WA%+TON B5EA? ! ,CAPITOL'S ROTUNDA1 A PROPOSAL ,M>?A VETO$4 ,AM]ICA'S MAJOR CITIES HELD FUN]AL PROCESSIONS ATT5D$ BY ! ?\S&S4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 ,NAPOLEON ORD]$ T5 DAYS ( M\RN+2 ! %IPS ( ! ,BRITI% ,NAVY L[]$ !IR FLAGS TO HALF MA/4 ,:5 ,FEBRU>Y #bb >RIV$1 PATRIOTIC ,AM]ICANS W]E AS DET]M9$ AS EV] TO CELEBRATE ! FIR/ PRESID5T'S BIR?DAY4 

,BUT ! SLAVES ( ,MT4 ,V]NON MU/ HAVE RECEIV$ ! NEWS ( ,WA%+TON'S DEA? ) MIX$ EMOTIONS4 ,WA%+TON [N$ WELL OV] #a ( !M2 !Y'D LONG BE5 TOLD ?AT !Y W\LD BE SET FREE :5 HE PASS$ AWAY4 ,YET MANY HAD BEFRI5D$1 9T]M>RI$ )1 & P>5T$ *ILDR5 ) ,M>?A'S D[] SLAVES & ?OSE ( ! NEI<BORS4 ,:AT W\LD EMANCIPATION MEAN = ?OSE :OSE LOV$ ONES W]E /ILL 9 *A9S8 

,! PROBLEM WAS SOON R5D]$ MOOT1 AS IT WAS REVEAL$ ?AT ,WA%+TON'S WILL DID NOT FREE HIS SLAVES AT ! TIME ( HIS DEA?1 BUT RA!R AT ! TIME ( ,M>?A'S4 ,GEORGE HAD LI$ ?R\< HIS TEE?4.<#h.> 

,ON ,AUGU/ #b1 A #a#f-YE>-OLD SLAVE :OSE NAME IS RECORD$ AS ,M>CUS RAN (F4 ,?\< ,WA%+TON'S SLAVES HADN'T BE5 FRE$ YET1 NEWSPAP]S >\ND ! C\NTRY W]E C>RY+ NEWS ?AT !Y HAD BE54 ,P]HAPS ,M>CUS HOP$ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ?IS4 

0,M,>,C,U,S1 ,ONE ( ! ,H\SE ,S]VANTS AT ,M\NT ,V]NON1 ,ABSCOND$ ON ! SECOND 9/ANT1 & S9CE HAS NOT BE5 HE>D (4 ,HE IS A Y\NG LAD1 AB\T #af YE>S ( AGE1 A BRI<T MULATTO1 D>K BLUE EYES1 LONG BLACK HAIR1 AB\T #e FEET #d OR #e 9*ES HI<1 & ( A SL5D] MAKE4 ,HE HAD ON :5 HE LEFT ?IS PLACE A COAT & JACKET ( D>K MIXTURE1 BLACK & :ITE1 & BLACK BREE*ES - BUT HAV+ V>I\S SUITS1 ONE ( BLACK1 & ANO!R ( V]Y LI<T DRAB1 IT IS UNC]TA9 :I* ( !SE HE N[ WE>S4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 HIS NAME WAS ,BILLY & POSSIBLY HE MAY RESUME ! SAME4 ,IT IS V]Y PROBABLE HE MAY ATTEMPT TO PASS = ONE ( ?OSE NEGROES ?AT DID BELONG TO ! LATE ,G54 ,WA%+TON1 & :OM ,MRS4 ,WA%+TON 9T5DS 9 ! FALL ( ?IS YE> TO LIB]ATE - ! PUBLIC >E !RE=E W>N$ AGA9/ ANY SU* IMPOSITION1 AS HE IS ONE ( ?OSE NEGROES :I* BELONGS TO ! E/ATE ( ,WA%+TON ,P4 ,CU/IS ,ESQ4 & HELD BY RI<T ( D[] BY ,MRS4 ,WA%+TON DUR+ H] LIFE4 ,I WILL GIVE ,T5 ,DOLL>S ,REW>D TO ANY P]SON :O %ALL APPREH5D ! SAID NEGRO & LODGE HIM 9 SOME SAFE JAIL1 UPON PRODUC+ ME A C]TIFICATE TO ?AT EFFECT2 & WILL ALSO PAY ALL REASONABLE *>GES OV] & ABOVE ?IS REW>D1 = ! DELIV]Y ( HIM TO ME AT ?IS PLACE4 ,%IP ,MA/]S >E H]EBY =EW>N$ NOT TO TAKE ON BO>D ,M>CUS2 & ?OSE :O >E F\ND TO SECRET OR H>BOR HIM1 WILL BE PUNI%$ AS ! LAW DIRECTS4 ,J,A,M,E,S ,&,],S,O,N1 ,M\NT ,V]NON1 ,AUGU/ #b#h40 

-,! ,PHILADELPHIA ,GAZETTE @& ,DAILY ,ADV]TIZ]1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#b1 #ah 

,>\ND ?IS TIME1 ,M>?A BEGAN FE>+ = H] LIFE4 ,!RE W]E RUMORS AT ,MT4 ,V]NON TO ! EFFECT ?AT ,WA%+TON'S SLAVES 9T5D$ TO KILL H] 9 ORD] TO HA/5 !IR FRE$OM4 ,M>?A />T$ TO SUSPECT ?AT H] FOOD W\LD BE POISON$4 ,A S]IES ( SUSPICI\S FIRES ?AT YE> PU%$ ,M>?A TO H] BREAK+ PO9T3 ALL ( ,WA%+TON'S #abc SLAVES W]E TO BE FRE$ ! FIR/ ( ! YE>4 

,TO PUT ?IS 9 CONTEXT1 ! ,CREOLE ,SLAVE ,MUT9Y IS CONSID]$ ! L>GE/ ,U,S SLAVE REVOLT 9 T]MS ( ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE FRE$3 #a#b#h4 ,H]E AT ,MT4 ,V]NON1 WE SEE A SIMIL> NUMB] FRE$ AS ! CONSEQU5CE ( AT LEA/ A H&FUL ( PEOPLE CONDUCT+ A CAMPAIGN ( H>ASSM5T & 9TIMIDATION AGA9/ ,M>?A ,WA%+TON4 ,:5 ,FIR/ ,LADY ,ABIGAIL ,ADAMS VISIT$ ,MT4 ,V]NON 9 MID-,DECEMB] #a#h1 %E NOT$ ?AT ,M>?A 0DID NOT FEEL AS ?O H] ,LIFE WAS SAFE 9 !IR ,H&S1 MANY ( :OM W\LD BE TOLD ?AT IT WAS !RE 9T]E/ TO GET RID ( H]40 

,?\< LIFE \TSIDE ,MT4 ,V]NON W\LD BE H>D--SOME ( ! LIB]AT$ SLAVES HAD NEV] LEFT ! PROP]TY OR LE>N$ TRADES--MO/ ?\<T ! RISK WAS BETT] ?AN LIFE !RE4 

,:5 ,JACK ,/A9ES DI$ 9 #a#h#c1 ,ONEY ,JUDGE ,/A9ES WAS LEFT DE/ITUTE1 H] *ILDR5 SUFF]+ A FATE SIMIL> TO O!R FREE POOR PEOPLE1 BO? BLACK & :ITE3 ,ELIZA & ,NANCY BECAME 9D5TUR$ S]VANTS1 :ILE H] SON ,WILL WAS APPR5TIC$ AS A SAILOR4 ,YET DESPITE ! H>D%IPS1 ,ONEY MA9TA9$ UNTIL H] DEA? 9 #ahdh ?AT %E HAD NO REGRETS AB\T LEAV+ ! ,WA%+TONS4 0,NO1 ,I AM FREE1 & HAVE1 ,I TRU/ BE5 MADE A *ILD ( ,GOD BY ! MEANS40 

,AFT] LEAV+ ,NOVA ,SCOTIA 9 #a#g#i#a1 ,H>RY & HIS WIFE ,J5NY F\ND !MSELVES MI/REAT$ YET AGA9 9 ,FREET[N1 ,SI]RA ,LEONE4 ,?\< ,J5NY & ,H>RY W]E ABLE TO />T !IR [N F>M1 SU/A9+ IT PROV$ IMPOSSIBLE UND] ! TAX SY/EM IMPOS$ BY ! ,SI]RA ,LEONE ,COMPANY4 ,?IS DIABOLICAL =M ( DEBT-SLAV]Y LAT] BECAME ! %>ECROPP+ 9DU/RY ?AT DOM9AT$ ! LIVES ( =M] SLAVES 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,S\? AFT] ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 

,BUT ,H>RY DID NOT QUIT4 ,HE & HUNDR$S ( O!R SELF-FRE$ =M] ,AM]ICAN SLAVES REFUS$ TO PAY ! TAX & EV5TUALLY1 TO ! HORROR ( ! ,SI]RA ,LEONA ,COMPANY1 =M$ !IR [N GOV]NM5T4 ,IF NOT = ! >RIVAL ( #e ,JAMAICAN M>OONS FROM ,NOVA ,SCOTIA 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#h1 ,H>RY & ! RE/ MI<T HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 PU% = SELF-DET]M9ATION4 

,9/EAD1 ! ,BRITI% W]E ABLE TO USE ! TRI$-&-TRUE ME?OD ( (F]+ PRIVILEGES TO ONE SECTION ( ! UND]CLASS 9 RETURN = !IR ASSI/ANCE SUPPRESS+ ANO!R P>T ( ! UND]CLASS4 ,! ,COMPANY PROMIS$ BETT] L& TO ! M>OONS ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y PACIFY ! REBELS4 ,R\ND$ UP & *>G$ ) 0OP5 & UNPROVOK$ REBELLION10 ,H>RY1 ,J5NY1 & O!R 9SURG5TS W]E EV5TUALLY EXIL$ ACROSS ! ,SI]RA ,LEONE ,RIV] TO ! ,BULLOM ,%ORE4 

,FROM ! ,GAMBIA ,RIV] 9 ,WE/ ,AFRICA TO ! ,DISMAL ,SWAMP ( ,AM]ICA TO ,S\? ,C>OL9A1 ,NEW ,YORK1 & ,NOVA ,SCOTIA & !N ,SI]RA ,LEONE1 ,H>RY NEV] /OPP$ SEEK+ FRE$OM4 ,HE PASS$ ! LA/ YE>S ( HIS LIFE AS AN 9FLU5TIAL MEMB] ( ! NEW SETTLEM5T 9 ! ,BULLOM ,%ORE4 ,FRE$OM IS NOT COMPRIS$ ( GU>ANTEES1 BUT ( ! WILL+NESS TO CONT9UE SETT+ \T = ! HORIZON4 

,9 ! #a#hS1 SLAVES NO LONG] RAN AWAY FROM ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON1 BUT = ! NEXT SIXTY YE>S !Y FL$ FROM CITIES & C\NTIES ?AT BORE HIS NAME4 ,?R\<\T ! #a#i? & #b? C5TURIES & 9TO ! #b#a/1 PEOPLE ( COLOR HAVE BE5 CONF9$ TO S*OOLS1 WORKPLACES1 & PRISONS NAM$ AFT] ! FIR/ PRESID5T1 9 :I* !Y >E AF=D$ NO MORE RESPECT ?AN HE ACCORD$ !M :ILE HE WAS ALIVE4 ,! FACT ?AT PEOPLE CELEBRATE HIS NAME1 HIS BIR?DAY1 & HIS LEGACY :ILE =GETT+ OR ]AS+ ?OSE ( ,H>RY & ,ONEY ,JUDGE IS AN 9SULT TO ?OSE :O SUFF]$ AT HIS H&S2 ?AT HE IS REMEMB]$ AS A REVOLUTION>Y H]O %[S ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION HAS YET TO TAKE PLACE4 

,! ,DISMAL ,SWAMP ,COMPANY ?AT ,WA%+TON HELP$ F\ND WAS A COLOSSAL FAILURE4 ,ONLY AFT] DECADES ( LITTLE SUCCESS W]E ! 9VE/ORS ABLE TO REC\P ANY MONEY BY LOGG+ A SMALL PORTION ( ! SWAMP4 ,BY ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 ,WA%+TON DREAD$ ! OCCASIONAL COMPANY UPDATES2 HE SOLD HIS %>ES 9 ! #a#g#iS4 ,P]HAPS ?IS IS AN 9DICATION ( H[ SUCCESSFUL ,TRUMP'S EF=TS TO 0DRA9 ! SWAMP0 WILL ULTIMATELY BE4 

0,GEORGE ,WA%+TON WAS A SLAVE [N]444 >E WE GO+ TO TAKE D[N /ATUES TO ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON8 ,H[ AB\T ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON8 ,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON8 ,Y\ LIKE HIM8 ,GOOD4 ,>E WE GO+ TO TAKE D[N ! /ATUE8 ',CAUSE HE WAS A MAJOR SLAVE [N]4 ,>E WE GO+ TO TAKE D[N HIS /ATUE8 ,SO Y\ KN[ :AT8 ,IT'S F9E4 ,Y\ >E *ANG+ HI/ORY2 Y\'RE *ANG+ CULTURE40 

-,DONALD ,TRUMP1 RESPOND+ TO FASCI/ VIOL5CE & MURD] 9 ,*>LOTTESVILLE4 ,VIRG9IA 

,H]E'S TO *ANG+ HI/ORY & *ANG+ CULTURE4 

,FA/] COMRADE1 ! ,NEW ,WORLD IS BEH9D Y\4 

,! ,DOLL> ,BILL3 ,A ,PO/SCRIPT 

,ONE ( ! AU?ORS ( ?IS CURSORY SUMM>Y1 A ,LEOPOLD ,TREBIT*1.<#i.> TOY$ ) ! IDEA ( TELL+ READ]S TO BURN A PORTRAIT ( ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON--! ONE-DOLL> BILL4 ,H[ UBIQUIT\S ITS PRES5CE6 ,H[ 9V5T$ ITS WOR?--YET H[ REAL ITS P[]6 ,BURN+ A DOLL> BILL IS AN ACT ( FRE$OM1 MIX$ ) DISCOM=T3 0,:AT AM ,I DO+6 ,I'M GO+ TO REGRET ?IS60 ,YET1 :AT DO WE CONSUME ?AT CO/S LESS ?AN A DOLL>8 ,IT'S H>DLY AN EXP5SIVE LESSON4 

,9 ! 5D1 WE CONCLUD$ ?AT 9 ORD] TO HONOR ?OSE :O ESCAP$ ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON1 IT IS MORE S5SIBLE TO GIVE ?AT DOLL> TO ONE ( ! FOLL[+ CAUSES4 ,BURN A DOLL> IF Y\ LIKE1 BUT !N GIVE A HUNDR$ MORE TO444 

,! ,KRIS ,?OMPSON ,LEGAL ,FUND 

,ON ,AUGU/ #b#b1 #b#a#g1 ,KIWI ,H]R+1 A TRANS WOMAN1 WAS KILL$ BY ! ,/4 ,L\IS ,METROPOLITAN ,POLICE ,DEP>TM5T :ILE DEF5D+ H]SELF AGA9/ A HOMOPHOBIC NEI<BOR4 ,AS ! ONLY WITNESS TO ! MURD]1 ,KIWI ,H]R+'S WID[1 ,KRIS ,?OMPSON1 HAS BE5 PUNITIVELY *>G$ ) ,ASSAULT 9 ! ,FIR/ ,DEGREE & ,>M$ ,CRIM9AL ,ACTION 9 ORD] TO SIL5CE ,KRIS FROM SPEAK+ \T AGA9/ ! POLICE4 ,IF CONVICT$1 ,KRIS FACES A M9IMUM ( ?REE YE>S 9 PRISON ) NO PROBATION OR P>OLE1 & UP TO ! MAXIMUM ( TWO CONSECUTIVE LIFE S5T5CES4 ,PLEASE GIVE G5]\SLY4 

,F]GUSON ,PRISON]S 

,! REVOLT 9 ,F]GUSON BREA!D NEW LIFE 9TO MANY ( ! CURR5T /RUGGLES AGA9/ POLICE & :ITE SUPREMACY = A TRULY EGALIT>IAN WORLD4 ,YET :5 ! TE> GAS CLE>S1 WE (T5 =GET ?OSE :O REMA9 LOCK$ UP--:O RISK$ !IR FRE$OM 9 ORD] TO PUT A LIMIT ON ! ABUSE ( ! POLICE1 CELEBRATE ! LIFE ( ,MIKE ,BR[N1 OR S5D A HE>TFELT FUCK Y\ TO ?OSE 9 P[]4 

,FUR!R ,READ+ 

,! ,LONDON ,HANG$3 ,CRIME ,& ,CIVIL ,SOCIETY ,9 ,! ,EI<TE5? ,C5TURY1 ,PET] ,L9EBAU< 

,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA3 ,SAILORS1 ,SLAVES1 ,COMMON]S1 & ! ,HIDD5 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ATLANTIC1 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] & ,PET] ,L9EBAU< 

,! ,SLAVE ,%IP3 ,A ,HUMAN ,HI/ORY1 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] 

,CALIBAN & ! ,WIT*3 ,WOM51 ,! ,BODY1 & ,PRIMITIVE ,ACCUMULATION1 ,SYLVIA ,F$]ICI 

,! ,HUMAN ,TRADITION 9 ! ,BLACK ,ATLANTIC1 #a#e-#b1 $IT$ BY ,K>5 ,RAC9E @& ,BEATRIZ ,GALLOTTI ,MAMIGONIAN 

,WAG+ ,LIFE 

,DIXIE ,BE ,DAMN$3 #c ,YE>S ( ,9SURRECTION 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,S\?1 ,NEAL ,%IRLEY @& ,S>ALEE ,/AF=D 

,M>IE ,JOSEPH ,ANGELIQUE 

,! ,HANG+ ( ,ANGELIQUE3 ,! ,UNTOLD ,/ORY ( ,CANADIAN ,SLAV]Y & ! ,BURN+ ( ,OLD ,MONTREAL.>7AB\LD]4COM71 ,AFUA ,COOP] 

,ONEY ,JUDGE 

,! ,ESCAPE ( ,ONEY ,JUDGE3 ,M>?A ,WA%+TON'S ,SLAVE ,F9DS ,FRE$OM1 ,EMILY ,>NOLD ,MC,CULLY 

,M>Y ,MONROE 0,MOL0 ,B[D5 

,NOTES ,& ,DOCUM5TS ( ,FREE ,P]SONS ( ,COLOR3 ,F\R ,HUNDR$ ,YE>S ( ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,FAMILY'S ,HI/ORY1 ,ANITA ,WILLS 

,H>RY 

,WA%+TON'S ,REVOLUTION 7,H>RY ?AT IS1 NOT ,GEORGE7 

,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S ,RUNAWAY ,SLAVE1 ,H>RY 

,H]CULES 

,H]CULES3 ,MA/] ( CUIS9E1 SLAVE ( ,WA%+TON 

,A ,BIR?DAY ,%OCK ,FROM ,WA%+TON'S ,*EF 

,DATABASES 

,F\ND+ ,FA!RS 

,GEOGRAPHY ( ,SLAV]Y 9 ,VIRG9IA 

.<#a.> ,JOHN ,F4 ,K5N$Y W\LD HAVE 9H]IT$ A LEGACY WOR? A BILLION DOLL>S1 BUT WAS KILL$ BE=E HE C\LD COME 9TO HIS 9H]ITANCE4 

.<#b.> 0,! MOTLEY CREW HAD HELP$ TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION1 BUT ! VANGU>D /RUCK BACK 9 ! #a#g#gS & #a#g#hS1 AGA9/ MOBS1 SLAVES1 & SAILORS1 9 :AT MU/ BE CONSID]$ AN ,AM]ICAN ,!RMIDOR4 ,! EF=T TO RE=M ! MOB BY REMOV+ ITS MORE MILITANT ELEM5TS BEGAN 9 #agff & CONT9U$1 NOT ALWAYS SUCCESSFULLY1 ?R\< ! REVOLUTION & BEYOND4 ,PATRIOT L&[N]S1 M]*ANTS1 & >TISANS 9CREAS+LY CONDEMN$ REVOLUTION>Y CR[DS1 SEEK+ TO MOVE POLITICS FROM '\T ( DOORS' 9TO LEGISLATIVE *AMB]S1 9 :I* ! PROP]TYLESS W\LD HAVE NO VOTE & NO VOICE4 ,PA9E1 = HIS P>T1 W\LD TURN AGA9/ ! CR[D AFT] ,PHILADELPHIA'S ,=T ,WILSON ,RIOT ( #a#g#g#i4 ,:5 ,SAMUEL ,ADAMS HELP$ TO DRAW UP ,MASSA*USETTS'S ,RIOT ,ACT ( #a#g#h#f1 DESIGN$ TO BE US$ TO DISP]SE & CONTROL ! 9SURG5TS ( ,%AYS' ,REBELLION1 HE CEAS$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ! MOB 'EMBODI$ ! FUNDAM5TAL RI<TS ( MAN AGA9/ :I* GOV]NM5T ITSELF C\LD BE JUDG$1' & DETA*$ HIMSELF FROM ! CREATIVE DEMOCRATIC =CE ?AT YE>S BE=E HAD GIV5 HIM ! BE/ IDEA ( HIS LIFE40 

-- ,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA1 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] & ,PET] ,L9EBAU< 

.<#c.> ,WE CAN CITE A FEW EXAMPLES H]E TO EVOKE ! SPIRIT ( ! ]A4 

,ON A COLD NI<T 9 ,APRIL #a#g#c#d1 ,M>IE ,JOSEPH ,ANGELIQUE1 A #c#d-YE> OLD ,MADEIRA WOMAN 5SLAV$ 9 ,MONTREAL1 & ,CLAUDE ,?IBAULT1 H] :ITE LOV] 9D5TUR$ TO ! SAME H\SEHOLD1 LIT !IR MA/]'S HOME ABLAZE AS COV] = !IR ESCAPE4 ,! FIRE CONSUM$ #df BUILD+S1 A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ,MONTREAL1 & L$ TO LOOT+ BY ! UND]CLASS4 ,:ILE ,?IBAULT WAS NEV] SE5 AGA91 ,ANGELIQUE WAS CAPTUR$1 VICI\SLY TORTUR$1 & EXECUT$ ACROSS FROM ! *UR* H] FLAMES HAD GUTT$4 ,H] A%ES W]E ?R[N TO ! W9DS4 

,9 #a#g#c#i1 TW5TY MILES S\?WE/ ( ,*>LE/ON1 ,S\? ,C>OL9A1 TW5TY SLAVES UNFURL$ A BANN] PROCLAIM+ 0,L,I,B,],T,Y60 & *ANT$ ! WORD AS !Y /ORM$ A LOCAL W>EH\SE1 KILL+ TWO GU>DS & SEIZ+ WEAPONS4 ,! >M$ REBELS PROCE$$ S\? ALONG ! ,/ONO ,RIV] T[>DS ,SPANI% ,FLORIDA1 ONLY FIFTY MILES AWAY4 ,9 HOPES ( DE/ABILIZ+ ! ,BRITI%1 ! ,SPANI% HAD PROMIS$ FRE$OM & L& NE> ,/4 ,AUGU/9E TO ANY SLAVES :O ESCAP$ ! ,BRITI% COLONIES4 ,S9CE #a#g#c#b1 AT LEA/ #be RUNAWAYS HAD SEIZ$ ?IS OPPORTUNITY4 

,ON !IR WAY TO ,FLORIDA1 SIXTY SLAVES JO9$ ! 9SURRECTION--BURN+ SEV5 PLANTATIONS & KILL+ TWO DOZ5 MEMB]S ( SLAVE-[N+ FAMILIES ALONG ! WAY4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ! NEXT DAY1 A BETT]->M$ MILITIA 9T]CEPT ! ,/ONO REBELS1 KILL+ #dd & SCATT]+ ! REMA9D]4 ,R\ND$ UP 9 ! FOLL[+ DAYS1 ! 9SURG5TS W]E EXPORT$ TO ! ,C>IBBEAN OR EXECUT$4 ,!IR DECAPITAT$ HEADS DOTT$ ! LOCAL HI<WAYS ( COLONIAL ,S\? ,C>OL9A4 ,TO C\NT] ?IS REBELLION & TWO O!RS 9 ,GEORGIA & ,S\? ,C>OL9A >\ND ! SAME TIME1 ! ,S\? ,C>OL9A LEGISLATURE PASS$ ! ,NEGRO ,ACT ( #a#g#d1 RE/RICT+ SLAVE ASSEMBLY1 MOVEM5T1 & 9DEP5D5CE4 ,SLAVES W]E PROHIBIT$ FROM GR[+ !IR [N FOOD1 E>N+ MONEY1 OR LE>N+ TO WRITE4 ,! ,ASSEMBLY ALSO 5ACT$ A #a-YE> MORATORIUM AGA9/ IMPORT+ ,AFRICAN SLAVES ON ! PREMISE ?AT A HOMEGR[N SLAVE POPULATION W\LD BE LESS PRONE TO UPRIS+S4 

,JU/ TWO YE>S LAT]1 ,AFRICAN & ,IRI% CONSPIRATORS 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY MANAG$ TO BURN ?IRTE5 BUILD+S OV] ! C\RSE ( ,M>* & ,APRIL #a#h#d#a1 9CLUD+ ,=T ,GEORGE1 ! *IEF MILIT>Y 9/ALLATION ( ! COLONY & ONE ( ! GREATE/ =TIFICATIONS 9 ALL ,BRITI% ,AM]ICA4 ,RETALIATION WAS QUICK & SEV]E3 OV] ?IRTY CONSPIRATORS W]E HANG$1 BURN$ AT ! /AKE1 GIBBET$1 OR BANI%$ TO PLACES AS F> AWAY AS ,NEWF\NDL&1 ,MADEIRA1 ,/4 ,DOM+UE1 & ,CURACAO4 

,?\< ,NEW ,YORK WAS OV] TWO HUNDR$ MILES AWAY FROM ,POPE'S ,CREEK1 ,*>LE/ON OV] F\R HUNDR$ MILES AWAY1 & ,MONTREAL NE>LY A ?\S&1 ! SPECT] ( SLAVE REVOLTS & 9T]RACIAL ALLIANCES CEASELESSLY HAUNT$ ! RUL+ CLASS4 

.<#d.> ,NOTES ,& ,DOCUM5TS ( ,FREE ,P]SONS ( ,COLOR3 ,F\R ,HUNDR$ ,YE>S ( ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,FAMILY'S ,HI/ORY1 BY ,ANITA ,WILLIS4 

.<#e.> ,( ! FIR/ #f OR MORE COLONI/S S5T TO ,JAME/[N BETWE5 #a#f#g-#a#f#a#a1 ALL BUT #f DI$ ( />VATION1 DISEASE1 EXPOSURE1 ,NATIVE ATTACKS1 OR BE+ WORK$ TO DEA?4 ,BY #a#f#b#d1 ONLY #ab ( ! #f COLONI/S S5T TO ,JAME/[N HAD SURVIV$4 

.<#f.> ,!RE W]E APPROXIMATELY #d#e1 BLACK SLAVES 9 ! COLONIES AT ?IS TIME4 ,TWICE ?AT MANY BLACK PEOPLE >E 9 PRISON 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TODAY1 /ILL P]=M+ SLAVE LABOR4 

.<#g.> ,NOTE ?AT ! A=EM5TION$ ,H>RY IS LI/$ H]E1 ?\< HE HAD ESCAP$ YE>S E>LI]4 

.<#h.> ,WA%+TON SUFF]$ FROM TOO? PA9 = MU* ( HIS LIFE2 9 LAT] YE>S1 HE WORE D5TURES4 ,HIS TEE? W]E NOT MADE ( WOOD2 !Y MAY HAVE BE5 MADE FROM ! EXTRACT$ TEE? ( HIS SLAVES4 ,9 ,MAY #a#g#h#d1 ,LUND ,WA%+TON NOT$ 9 ,MT4 ,V]NON'S L$G] BOOKS1 0,BY ,CA% PD ,NEGROES = #i ,TEE? ON ,ACCT ( ,DR4 ,LEMOIRE40 ,DR4 ,LEMOIRE WAS ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON'S D5TI/1 ,DR4 ,JEAN ,LE ,MAYEUR1 :O CORRESPOND$ ) ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON AB\T HIS VISIT TO ,M\NT ,V]NON ?AT SUMM]4 

.<#i.> ,LEOPOLD ,TREBIT* IS A ROGUE & RABBLE-R\S]1 LIV+ 9 ! CAVES ( ,/4 ,L\IS4 ,RANTS1 MUS+S1 & DIGG+S ( HIS CAN BE F\ND AT ,! ,TREBIT* ,TIMES4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #a#f? ,JUNE #bba FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bbb 3 ,ESCAP+ ,WA%+TON = ,FRE$OM -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/