,]RICO ,MALATE/A & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,VIOL5CE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALFR$O ,M>IA ,BONANNO 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTORY NOTE 

,?IS TALK ( M9E AT ! AN>*I/ CONF]5CE ON ,MALATE/A 9 ,NAPLES1 ,DECEMB] #b#c1 IS A P]FECT EXAMPLE ( H[ ANY ATTEMPT TO JU/IFY OR CONDEMN ! CONCEPT ( REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE IS A FAILURE FROM ! \TSET4 ,REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE HAS NO NE$ ( MY JU/IFICATION & CANNOT BE AFFECT$ BY ANY K9D ( CONDEMNATION1 EV5 IF IT COMES FROM ! RANKS ( ! AN>*I/S !MSELVES4 

,PACIFISM IS ALSO BASICALLY A NON-ISSUE & DOES NOT DES]VE TO BE REFUT$ 9 TOO MANY WORDS4 

,MY EF=T DID NOT1 NOR DOES IT H]E1 9T5D TO PROVIDE >GUM5TS SUPPORT+ REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE4 ,IT JU/ WANT$1 & /ILL DOES1 TO MAKE A CONTRIBUTION TO ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS & ACTIVITY ( ,]RICO ,MALATE/A4 ,MANY UNW>RANT$ ?+S HAVE BE5 SAID AB\T ?IS AN>*I/ :O ALL TOO (T5 HAS BE5 5LI/$ UND] ! BANN] ( :ATEV] SIDE OR EV5 P>TY4 ,LIKE ALL TRUE REVOLUTION>IES1 ,MALATE/A DID NOT BO!R TO SORT ?R\< HIS PAP]S1 HE ADDRESS$ PROBLEMS AS !Y OCCURR$ 9 REALITY1 ALWAYS READY TO LOOK = EVID5CE 9 ! SOCIAL CONFLICT RA!R ?AN 9 A !ORETICAL SYLLOGISM4 

,! SOCIAL W> CONT9UES1 REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE IS ONLY ! MO/ IMM$IATELY P]CEPTIBLE EXPRESSION ( ITS OP]ATIVITY1 NOT ! ONLY OR1 9 SOME RESPECTS1 EV5 ! MO/ IMPORTANT ONE4 

,I COMM5D !SE PAGES TO ! ATT5TION ( ! READ]4 ,MAKE GOOD USE ( !M1 BUT DON'T EXPECT ( !M :AT !Y CANNOT GIVE4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT APPO9TM5T IS ALWAYS ON ! B>RICADES4 

,ALFR$O ,M4 ,BONANNO 

,TRIE/E1 ,NOVEMB] #b#f1 #bh 

,]RICO ,MALATE/A & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,VIOL5CE 

,I AM NOT A HI/ORIAN1 SO ,I %ALL NOT TALK LIKE A HI/ORIAN4 ,MY 9T]E/ 9 ,MALATE/A GOES BACK MORE ?AN ?IRTY YE>S :5 ,I $IT$ ! ANNOTAT$ $ITION ( ,AN>*Y4 ,! READ+ ( ! BE/ KN[N WRIT+S ( ,MALATE/A & ! AN?OLOGY $IT$ BY ,RI*>DS.<#a.> HAD ATTRACT$ MY ATT5TION4 ,TO MY AMAZEM5T ,I F\ND MYSELF FAC$ ) AN AN>*I/ :O DID NOT USE ! ACCOMMODAT+ COMMON S5SE ( ?OSE :O WANT TO MAKE !MSELVES UND]/OOD BY ! MASSES ON ! ONE H&1 OR ! FLAMBOYANT LANGUAGE ( ?OSE :O FEEL ! 9FLU5CE ( ! LIT]>Y & PHILOSOPHICAL AVANT-G>DE )\T ADMITT+ IT ON ! O!R4 ,MALATE/A GAVE ME ! IMPRESSION ( BE+ A MAN :O WAS WELL-9=M$1 BUT )\T ANY >ROGANT 9T5TION TO IMPRESS ! LI/5]4 ,BUT IT WAS HIS LANGUAGE ?AT IMPRESS$ ME MO/ ( ALL4 ,SIMPLE & EFFECTIVE4 ,ITS QUIET YET COMPELL+ REASON4 ,9 ! FACE ( A ,GALLEANI ?AT FILL$ MY HEAD ) AN AFFECT$ D9 OR A ,S*IC*I ?AT MADE USE ( RHETORICAL EFFECTS ?AT ,I C\LD DO )\T1 ,MALATE/A APPE>$ TO BE A PRACTICAL MAN1 A REVOLUTION>Y :O WANT$ TO DE/ROY BUT ALSO TO BUILD1 :O POSSESS$ CONSID]ABLE KN[L$GE BUT DID NOT WANT TO %[ IT (F :5 !RE WAS NO NE$ = IT4 

,UPON CLOS] READ+ ( HIS WRIT+S ,I F\ND MYSELF REFLECT+ UPON ! PROCESSES ?AT LEAD TO ! CON/RUCTION ( A LEAD]4 ,NO?+ 9 ,MALATE/A CALLS = ?IS UN=TUNATE DESIGNATION1 YET ! BEHAVIOR ( HIS COMRADES1 F> MORE ?AN ?AT HIS OPPON5TS1 PUT HIM 9 ?IS UNCOM=TABLE >MOR4 ,I REMEMB] READ+ SOME:]E ( AN ,ITALIAN ,L591 BUT MY RECOLLECTION MI<T NOT BE EXACT SO ,I DO NOT WANT TO /RESS ! UN=TUNATE COMP>ISON4 ,H[EV]1 ,I MU/ PO9T \T ?AT EV5 9 ! PO/] DRAWN UP TO PUBLICIZE ?IS CONF]5CE IT IS WRITT5 ( ,MALATE/A ?AT 'HE WAS ONE ( ! MO/ FAM\S REVOLUTION>IES ( HIS TIME'1 AS IF ?AT C\LD BE ( ANY 9T]E/ TO ?OSE :O WANT TO APPROA* HIS WORK TODAY 7BUT ALSO !N74 ,FAME IS /UFF ( P[]1 IT IS CON/RUCT$ & US$ BY IT4 ,\R TASK--OR SO IT SEEMS TO ME--:5 APPROA*+ A COMRADE1 :OEV] HE IS1 :O HAS 'DONE' OR '?\<T' 79T]E/+ ! DIFF]5CE1 IF ANY7 MORE OR LESS ?AN MANY O!RS1 IS C]TA9LY NOT TO />T (F FROM HIS FAME1 :I* WE %\LD LEAVE TO ! MUDDL$ >TICLES ( NEWSPAP]S OR HI/ORY BOOKS AIM$ AT ASS]T+ ! SUPREMACY ( ! VICTORS1 OR TO ! POLICE FILES4 ,! FACT IS ?AT MANY PEOPLE1 ,I AM NOT SAY+ ALL1 WANT A LEAD]4 ,FEEL+ ! OLD H]D 9/9CT ?AT HAS /ILL NOT BE5 COMPLETELY ]AS$1 !Y SUBMIT TO ! JUDGM5T ( SOMEONE :O SEES F>!R ?AN !Y DO1 ONLY TO JUMP ON HIM AS SOON AS ! W9D *ANGES4 ,IT IS ALMO/ C]TA9 ?AT ! REVOLUTION WILL NOT BE MADE UNTIL REVOLUTION>IES EXI/4 

,! FOLL[+ REFLECTIONS >E DICTAT$ BY A FEW PASSAGES 9 ,MALATE/A'S WRIT+S4 ,I *OSE !SE PASSAGES \T ( CONV5I5CE AS ,I WANT$ TO CONSID] ! ONES ?AT W]E CLE>E/ CONC]N+ ! NE$ = REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE1 ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ?IS P>TICUL> K9D ( VIOL5CE & ITS E?ICAL F\NDATIONS4 ,BE+ QUE/IONS ( GREAT IMPORTANCE1 MANY PEOPLE WILL D\BTLESS PO9T TO ! ILLEGITIMACY ( ! ME?OD4 ,:AT IS ! PO9T--,I HE> !M SAY--( EXTRAPOLAT+ SOME ( ,MALATE/A'S ?\<TS1 TAK+ !M \T ( !IR HI/ORICAL & $ITORIAL OR L+UI/IC CONTEXT1 TO LOOK AT !M AS ?\< !Y C\LD LIVE 9DEP5D5TLY1 ISOLAT$ GEMS CAPABLE ( %9+ )\T ADDITIONAL SUPPORTS OR M\NTS4 ,! FACT IS ?AT ,I HAVE ALWAYS FELT ?AT ?IS OBJECTION & ! ME?OD AT ! ROOT ( IT >E ONLY REASONABLE IF WE >E FAC$ ) A ?9K] :O ELABORATES HIS ?\<T ORGANICALLY & PROGRESSIVELY & LIMITS HIMSELF TO ?AT1 LEAV+ ALL HE ?AT HAS TO SAY 7& DO7 WRAPP$ 9 HIS !ORETICAL WORK4 

,BUT = A REVOLUTION>Y ! QUE/ION IS DIFF]5T4 ,:5 ,MALATE/A WROTE SOME?+ HE HAD A PRECISE PO9T ( REF]5CE1 :I* WE CAN R\<LY SAY WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( HIS TIME4 ,HE WAS NOT WRIT+ 9 ORD] TO DEEP5 HIS ?\<T OR TO MAKE IT MORE COMPLETE & COMPREH5SIVE4 ,HE DID NOT CLAIM TO />T FROM :AT HE HAD SAID ELSE:]E 79 A GIV5 SETT+ )9 ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS7 9 ORD] TO REA* SOME?+ ?AT HE W\LD SAY LAT] 7ALSO FIX$ 9 ! %ORT OR M$IUM T]M74 ,HIS EV]Y ?\<T WAS RECEIV$ DIRECTLY & IMM$IATELY BY ! COMRADES LI/5+ TO HIM1 READ+ HIM OR W]E 9 SOME WAY AW>E ( HIM4 ,& ?IS ?\<T ACT$ UPON ! CONSCI\SNESS ( !SE COMRADES1 :O TOOK ! IDEAS & US$ !M )9 !IR [N VISION ( LIFE 9 ORD] TO 5ABLE !M TO ACT1 MAKE !M BLOOD ( !IR BLOOD1 MOTOR ( !IR DESIRES1 S\L ( ! PROJECTS !Y HAD 9 C\RSE4 ,NOBODY WOND]$ H[ !SE IDEAS W]E L9K$ TO :AT ,MALATE/A HAD SAID 9 SOME ( HIS O!R WRIT+S OR SPEE*ES OR >TICLES1 & SO ON4 

,:5 ,CAMILLE ,DESM\L9S GETS UP ON A *AIR & IGNITES ! /REETS ( ,P>IS AGA9/ ! MON>*Y IT IS HIS WORDS AT ?AT MOM5T ?AT HAVE AN EFFECT ON ! CR[D1 9CIT+ ! CONQUE/ & DE/RUCTION ( ! ,BA/ILLE1 NOT :AT HE SAID ON A HUNDR$ O!R OCCASIONS OR :AT HE WAS TO SAY LAT]4 ,:5 ,SA9T-,JU/ SAID ! WORDS ',L\IS AGA9/ US' IT IS PRECISELY !SE ?REE WORDS ?AT M>K ! 5D ( ! K+ & ! MON>*Y1 NOT ! !ORIES ( ! ,JACOBEANS ON ! MORAL DE/9Y ( ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION4 ,I UND]/& ?AT NOT EV]YBODY WILL AGREE ) ?IS APPROA*1 BUT IT IS NECESS>Y TO ?9K C>EFULLY AB\T IT SO AS NOT TO R$UCE AN OPPORTUNITY LIKE ?IS MEET+ TO AN EMPTY1 PO9TLESS DEBATE ON HI/ORICALLY DAT$ JUDGM5TS OR TO VAGUELY CONSID] IT AN 9/RUM5T = GIV+ LESSONS AB\T LIFE4 ,WE AN>*I/S DO NOT NE$ ! REVOLUTION>IES ( ! PA/1 LEA/ ( ALL ,MALATE/A1 TO SPEAK TO US ?R\< ! MASSIVE TOTALITY ( !IR IDEAS4 ,LET ! PR(ESSIONAL HI/ORIANS1 LOV]S ( DETAIL & PREP>$ TO DIE DR[N+ 9 !M1 TAKE C>E ( ?IS ASPECT4 ,LET ! S+LE WORD RES\ND 9 \R HE>TS ) ! SAME VIBRANCY ) :I* IT RESONAT$ 9 ! HE>TS ( ?OSE :O WROTE OR LI/5$ TO IT4 ,LET \R DESIRES 7& NE$S7 ( ! PRES5T TIME BE \R 9T]PRET]S1 NOT ! CULTURAL BLANKET ?AT USUALLY S]VES TO PROVIDE AN ALIBI & EXT+UI% 5?USIASM4 

,:AT WE WANT FROM ,MALATE/A & MANY O!R COMRADES LIKE HIM IS A SP>K1 A SUDD5 ILLUM9ATION1 AN OPPORTUNITY TO ?9K BE=E WE ACT1 A SMALL ADDITION4 ,WE >E NOT ASK+ HIM TO ?9K 9 PLACE ( US1 TO BUILD US A COMPLETE PROJECT 9 ALL ITS P>TS4 ,WE DO NOT EXPECT ! PA/ TO BE ! KEY TO UND]/&+ ! PRES5T4 ,HI/ORICAL CONTRIBUTION IS IMPORTANT ( C\RSE BUT ?AT IS NOT ALL WE LACK4 ,(T5 ! MORE ?IS CONTRIBUTION GR[S1 ! MORE DATA1 DOCUM5TATION & REFLECTIONS WE ACCUMULATE1 ! MORE ! MOM5T ( ACTION IS PUT (F 9DEF9ITELY4 ,! 5EMY AGA9/ :OM WE NE$ TO FI<T IS !RE BE=E \R EYES1 MANUFACTUR+ & DESIGN+ TODAY'S CONDITIONS ( EXPLOITATION & ?OSE ( ! FUTURE1 IT DOES NOT /OP TO JU/IFY ! EXPLOITATION ( ! PA/1 & ONLY ATT5DS UNIV]SITY LECTURE !AT]S 9 ORD] TO /RIKE US BETT] & MAKE US 9CAPABLE ( UND]/&+ ! NEW REPRESSIVE MODELS4 ,IF WE W]E TO SEEK AN ANSW] FROM ,MALATE/A CONC]N+ ALL ! ELEM5TS ) :I* ! NEW P[] IS TAK+ %APE1 WE W\LD F9D NO?+ USABLE4 

,BUT WE CAN ASK = SOME?+1 & ?IS SOME?+ TAKES ! =M ( AN E?ICAL CONSID]ATION4 ,?AT IS :Y ,I HAVE *OS5 ! CONCEPT ( VIOL5CE 9 ,MALATE/A TO DISCUSS ) Y\ 9 ! SIMPLE/ BUT ALSO ! CLE>E/ POSSIBLE WAY4 

,AN>*I/S >E AGA9/ VIOL5CE4 ,?IS IS A WELL KN[N FACT4 ,! IDEA AT ! C5T] ( AN>*ISM IS ! ELIM9ATION ( VIOL5CE FROM SOCIETY1 ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS BAS$ ON 9DIVIDUALS' FREE WILL1 )\T ! 9T]V5TION ( ! G5D>ME4 ,SO WE >E 5EMIES ( CAPITAL :I*1 RELY+ ON POLICE PROTECTION1 =CES ! WORK]S TO LET !MSELVES BE EXPLOIT$ BY ?OSE :O HOLD ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 OR EV5 TO REMA9 IDLE & />VE :5 ! BOSSES HAVE NO 9C5TIVE TO EXPLOIT !M4 ,WE >E 5EMIES ( ! ,/ATE1 !RE=E1 :I* IS ! CO]CIVE1 I4E4 VIOL5T1 ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 ,BUT IF A G5TLEMAN SAYS ?AT HE BELIEVES IT IS /UPID & CRUEL TO >GUE ) BL[S & ?AT IT IS UNFAIR & EVIL TO =CE ONE TO DO ! WILL ( ANO!R AT GUNPO9T1 IT IS P]HAPS REASONABLE TO 9F] ?AT ?IS G5TLEMAN WILL LET HIMSELF GET BEAT5 & SUBMIT TO ! WILL ( O!RS )\T RESORT+ TO ! MO/ EXTREME MEANS ( DEF5SE8 444 ,VIOL5CE IS ONLY JU/IFIABLE :5 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DEF5D ONESELF & O!RS AGA9/ VIOL5CE4 ,:]E NE$ 5DS CRIME BEG9S 444 ,! SLAVE IS ALWAYS 9 A /ATE ( LEGITIMATE SELF-DEF5SE & SO HIS VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! BOSS1 AGA9/ ! OPPRESSOR1 IS ALWAYS MORALLY JU/IFIABLE & %\LD ONLY BE ADJU/$ BY ! CRIT]ION ( UTILITY & ECONOMY ( HUMAN EF=T & HUMAN SUFF]+4 7',UMANITA ,NOVA'1 ,AUGU/ #b#e1 #a#i#b#a74 

,AT FIR/ ,MALATE/A SEEM$ TO LIMIT ! JU/IFICATION ( ! USE ( VIOL5CE TO ! REALM ( DEF5SE4 ,! ONLY VIOL5CE ?AT IS JU/IFIABLE IS ?AT ) :I* ONE DEF5DS ONESELF AGA9/ AN 9JU/ICE4 ,BUT HE LAT] ADDS3 HE :O F9DS HIMSELF 9 A CON/ANT /ATE ( SELF-DEF5SE1 I4E4 ! EXPLOIT$1 IS ALWAYS JU/IFI$ 9 ATTACK+ ?OSE :O EXPLOIT1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! 'UTILITY' ( ?IS ATTACK & ! HUMAN SUFF]+ ?AT IT 9EVITABLY CAUSES4 ,SO1 HE IS NOT SPEAK+ ( 'VIOL5CE' 9 AB/RACT T]MS1 AS (T5 HAPP5S AMONG COMRADES1 UN=TUNATELY1--FUEL+ MU* ( ! MISUND]/&+ CONC]N+ PACIFISM--BUT IS SPEAK+ ( ! CLASS CONDITION 9 :I* NE>LY ALL ?OSE :O >E MORALLY 5TITL$ TO USE VIOL5CE F9D !MSELVES4 ,! FACT ?AT ?IS USE ( VIOL5CE COMES UP AGA9/ A S5T5CE SANCTION$ BY ! LAWS 9 =CE IS ( NO 9T]E/ TO ! AN>*I/4 ,!RE REMA9S ! PRACTICAL ASSESSM5T1 ! UTILITY ( ! ACTION & ! SUFF]+ ?AT IT MI<T CAUSE4 ,MALATE/A IS NOT A FOLL[] ( ,MA*1 H[EV]1 GIV5 HIS PHILOSOPHICAL CULTURE & GIV5 ?AT ! CONCEPTS ( ,EMPIRIO-CRITICISM W]E NOT =EIGN TO ! ,ITALIAN CULTURAL CLIMATE ( ! TW5TIES1 HE MAY HAVE BORNE ?IS REF]5CE 9 M9D4 ,BUT ?IS IS ( A MORE PRACTICAL UTILITY1 NOT ! G5]AL ONE SUGGE/$ BY ,ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 NO ACTION UND]TAK5 BY ! EXPLOIT$1 EI!R 9DIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY1 CAN GIVE ANY GU>ANTEE ( ITS USEFULNESS BE=E IT TAKES PLACE4 ,?IS--& ,MALATE/A SAYS ! SAME ELSE:]E :5 HE SAYS ?AT HE PREF]S ?OSE :O ACT TOO MU* TO ?OSE :O WAIT & 5D UP DO+ NO?+--HAS ONLY ONE EXPLANATION4 ,VIOL5T ACTION MU/ FULFILL ALL ! LOGICAL CONDITIONS = IT TO BE E?ICALLY F\ND$1 BUT IT CANNOT =ESEE ALL ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT MI<T >ISE FROM IT4 ,! LOGICAL CONDITIONS >E1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ! P]SONAL & COLLECTIVE SITUATION ( ?OSE :O RISE UP VIOL5TLY AGA9/ ! CLASS 5EMY1 !N ! CLE>E/ POSSIBLE ID5TIFICATION ( ?IS 5EMY1 ! *OICE ( MEANS TO BE US$ & ! /UDY ( :AT IS REQUIR$ 9 ORD] TO M9IMIZE HUMAN SUFF]+1 :I* WAS ! SECOND ( ,MALATE/A'S CONC]NS4 ,ONE EXPECTS ALL ?IS ( HE OR %E :O ACTS1 & ?IS C\LD BE CONSID]$ ! BROAD NONSPECIFIC MEAN+ ( 'UTILITY'4 ,9 FACT1 ONLY BY RESPECT+ !SE CONDITIONS TO ! 5D1 BY *OOS+ MEANS & OBJECTIVES WELL1 PAY+ ATT5TION TO DETAILS ?AT C\LD LEAD TO AN EXCESS ( SUFF]+ DUE TO NEGLIG5CE OR SUP]FICIALITY1 CAN ! ACTION BE SE5 AS A RESPONSE TO REPRESSION & EXPLOITATION & NE$ NO FUR!R JU/IFICATION1 :I* IS ALWAYS UNPLEASANT & (T5 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO PEOPLE4 ,IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT C]TA9 ACTIONS ( ATTACK NE$ TO BE EXPLA9$4 ,?OSE :O C>RY !M \T >E AW>E ( ?IS !MSELVES & (F] AN EXPLANATION 9 :AT IS COMMONLY REF]R$ TO AS A 'CLAIM'4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 AP>T FROM A FEW EXEMPL>Y CASES1 !SE CLAIMS >E NE>LY ALWAYS 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO MO/ PEOPLE1 GIVE NO ILLUM9ATION CONC]N+ ! ACTION & %[ ! LACK ( CL>ITY 9 ! IDEAS ( ?OSE :O WROTE !M1 & O!R ?+S AS WELL4 ,LI<TNESS ( /ROKE IS H>DLY EV] PRES5T 9 !SE DOCUM5TS1 :I* CONFIRMS ! FACT ?AT ! ACTION IS 9CAPABLE ( SPEAK+ = ITSELF4 ,?IS DIFFICULTY CONC]N+ ACTION ?AT ,I AM TALK+ AB\T H]E IS DUE TO AN ANALYTICAL DEFECT 9 *OOS+ ! OBJECTIVE1 ! MEANS TO A*IEV+ IT1 ETC42 9 A WORD1 IT %[S AN E?ICAL %ORTCOM+4 ,SOMEONE :O SEES :AT NE$S TO BE DONE CLE>LY DOES NOT HAVE SU* F>-SI<T$ ACUT5ESS ( VISION BY *ANCE1 !Y HAVE IT BECAUSE !Y HAVE CONSID]$ ALL ! POSSIBILITIES ?AT IT WAS HUMANLY POSSIBLE TO EVALUATE4 ,?+S CAN GO WRONG EV5 !N1 BUT ?AT IS A RISK WE MU/ RUN IF WE WANT TO ACT4 

,!RE >E C]TA9LY O!R PEOPLE1 O!R P>TIES1 O!R S*OOLS AS S9C]ELY DEVOT$ TO ! G5]AL GOOD AS ! BE/ ( US4 ,BUT :AT DI/+UI%ES AN>*I/S FROM ALL ! O!RS IS PRECISELY !IR HORROR ( VIOL5CE1 !IR DESIRE & 9T5TION TO ELIM9ATE VIOL5CE1 I4E4 MAT]IAL =CE1 FROM HUMAN RELATIONS4 

,ONE C\LD !RE=E SAY ?AT ! SPECIFIC IDEA ?AT DI/+UI%ES AN>*I/S IS ! ABOLITION ( ! G5D>ME1 ! EXCLUSION FROM SOCIAL FACTORS ( ! RULE IMPOS$ BY BRUTE =CE1 :E!R LEGAL OR ILLEGAL4 ,BUT !N1 Y\ MI<T ASK1 :Y HAVE AN>*I/S 9 ! PRES5T /RUGGLE AGA9/ POLITICAL & SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 :I* !Y CONSID] OPPRESSIVE1 ADVOCAT$ & PRACTIC$1 & CONT9UE TO ADVOCATE & PRACTICE :5 !Y CAN1 ! USE ( VIOL5T MEANS 9 CLE> CONTRADICTION ) !IR AIMS8 ,SO MU* SO ?AT1 AT C]TA9 TIMES1 MANY OPPON5TS 9 GOOD FAI?1 & ALL :O >E 9 BAD FAI? HAVE BELIEV$1 OR HAVE CLAIM$ TO BELIEVE1 ?AT ! SPECIFIC NATURE ( AN>*ISM IS PRECISELY VIOL5CE8 ,! QUE/ION MAY SEEM EMB>RASS+1 BUT IT CAN BE ANSW]$ 9 A FEW WORDS4 ,9 ORD] = TWO PEOPLE TO LIVE 9 PEACE IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT BO? P>TIES DESIRE PEACE1 BECAUSE IF ONE 9SI/S UPON US+ =CE TO OBLIGE ! O!R TO WORK = HIM & S]VE HIM1 !N ! O!R1 IF HE WANTS TO RETA9 HIS DIGNITY AS A MAN & NOT BE R$UC$ TO ABJECT SLAV]Y1 HE WILL BE OBLIG$1 9 SPITE ( ALL HIS LOVE = PEACE & GOOD AGREEM5T1 TO RESI/ =CE ) ADEQUATE MEANS4 7',P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA'1 #a ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#d74 

,AGA9 ,MALATE/A LEADS US AWAY FROM ! !ORETICAL CONTROV]SY AB\T VIOL5CE OR NONVIOL5CE4 ,AN>*I/S >E = ! ELIM9ATION ( BRUTE =CE 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS1 BUT UND] ! PRES5T CONDITIONS ( ! /RUGGLE !Y ADVOCATE & PRACTICE ! USE ( VIOL5T MEANS :5 !Y CAN4 ,?IS DID NOT JU/ HAPP5 9 ,MALATE/A'S TIME1 IT IS /ILL HAPP5+ TODAY4 ,AN>*I/S /ILL ADVOCATE ! USE ( VIOL5CE TO ATTACK ! 5EMY ?AT OPPRESSES & REPRESSES US4 ,= TWO PEOPLE TO LIVE 9 PEACE !Y MU/ BO? BE WILL+ TO RESPECT PEACE4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME P[] HAS P]FECT$ ! IDEOLOGICAL & PROPAG&I/IC APP>ATUS ?R\< :I* IT SPREADS ! IDEA ( PEACE1 :]EAS 9 REALTY IT PRACTICES & PREP>ES = W>4 ,! PRES5T DAY IS F> LESS CLE> ?AN ,MALATE/A'S TIME & WE NE$ TO MAKE EV]Y EF=T TO ANALYZE ! ME*ANISMS ( CAM\FLAGE ?AT KEEP US UND] CONTROL1 C\NT US1 FILE1 MANAGE & SUFFOCATE US4 ,! OPPRESSOR ?AT TALKS ( PEACE IS NOT NECESS>ILY A PEACEMAK]4 ,AN>*I/S >E AW>E ( ?IS1 BUT IT IS NOT ALWAYS EASY = !M TO TAKE ! NEXT /EP1 VIOL5T ATTACK4 ,MALATE/A RI<TLY SPEAKS ( 'MAN'S DIGNITY'1 :I* IS :AT DRIVES MANY PEOPLE TO REBEL1 & ! RESPONSE IS SOMETIMES SO UNCONTROLL$ ?AT IT TURNS \T TO BE ALMO/ 9COMPREH5SIBLE4 ,BUT WE MU/ NOT /OP AT ! SURFACE1 WE NE$ TO LOOK AT ! FACTS & ALSO ATTACKS ?AT DO NOT GET TO ! BONE BUT SIMPLY SCRAT* ! SURFACE4 ,UNABLE TO /RIKE ?R\< & ?R\<1 MANY ATTACKS LIMIT !MSELVES TO /RIK+ SYMBOLS4 ,IT IS NOT ALWAYS EASY TO SEEK ! 'APPROPRIATE' MEANS ?AT ,MALATE/A WAS TALK+ AB\T1 (T5 ! BLOOD GOES TO ! HEAD BE=E ! BRA9 RESPONDS TO ! QUE/IONS4 ,:Y CONDEMN EXPRESSIONS ( VIOL5CE ?AT ONLY ATTACK ! SYMBOLS ( P[]8 ,BECAUSE !Y C\LD BECOME AN 5D 9 !MSELVES & RE5T] ! VA/ >EAS ( RECUP]ATION ?AT P[] T5DS ) C>E4 ,BUT !Y MI<T EV5 GO BEYOND ?AT4 ,/E] CLE> ( ?OSE :O MAKE HA/Y JUDGM5TS4 

,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ GOV]NM5T IS RESOLV$1 ULTIMATELY1 9 PHYSICAL & MAT]IAL BATTLE4 ,! GOV]NM5T MAKES ! LAW4 ,IT MU/ !RE=E HAVE A MAT]IAL =CE 7>MY & POLICE7 TO 5=CE IT1 BECAUSE O!RWISE ONLY ?OSE :O WANT$ TO W\LD OBEY & IT W\LD NO LONG] BE A LAW BUT A M]E PROPOSAL ?AT EV]YONE IS FREE TO ACCEPT OR REJECT4 ,& GOV]NM5TS HAVE ?IS P[] & USE IT TO =TIFY !IR LAWS ) =CE & DOM9ATION 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 OPPRESS+ & EXPLOIT+ ! WORK]S4 ,! LIMIT ( GOV]NM5T OPPRESSION IS ! =CE ) :I* ! PEOPLE %[ !Y >E ABLE TO OPPOSE IT4 

,CONFLICT MAY BE OP5 OR LAT5T1 BUT !RE IS ALWAYS CONFLICT1 BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T DOES NOT PAY ATT5TION TO DISCONT5T & POPUL> RESI/ANCE UNLESS IT FEELS ! DANG] ( 9SURRECTION4 ,:5 ! PEOPLE MEEKLY SUBMIT TO ! LAW1 OR PROTE/ IS WEAK & PLATONIC1 ! GOV]NM5T DOES :AT IT LIKES REG>DLESS ( ! NE$S ( ! PEOPLE2 :5 PROTE/ GETS LIVELY1 9SI/5T1 ?REAT5+1 ! GOV]NM5T1 ACCORD+ TO H[ 5LI<T5$ IT IS1 EI!R GIVES WAY OR REPRESSES4 ,BUT Y\ ALWAYS COME BACK TO 9SURRECTION1 BECAUSE IF ! GOV]NM5T DOES NOT GIVE WAY1 ! PEOPLE 5D UP REBELL+ & IF ! GOV]NM5T DOES GIVE WAY ! PEOPLE GA9 CONFID5CE & DEM& MORE & MORE1 UNTIL ! 9COMPATIBILITY BETWE5 FRE$OM & AU?ORITY BECOMES EVID5T & VIOL5T CONFLICT ]UPTS4 

,IT IS !RE=E NECESS>Y TO PREP>E MORALLY & MAT]IALLY = ! \TBREAK ( VIOL5T /RUGGLE SO ?AT :5 ?IS DOES HAPP5 VICTORY GOES TO ! PEOPLE4 7,PROGRAM ,AN>*ICA1 ,BOLOGNA1 ,JULY #a#i#b4 ',UMANITA ,NOVA' #ab ,AUGU/ #a#i#b47 

,! CLA%1 ,MALATE/A PO9TS \T1 IS SOME?+ PHYSICAL1 CONCRETE1 MAT]IAL4 ,IT IS MORE ?AN AN EX*ANGE ( IDEAS1 IT IS MORE ?AN SIMPLY KN[+ ! 9T]PRETATIONS ( LIFE ?AT CON/ITUTE ! F\NDATION ( AN>*I/ & LIB]T>IAN CULTURE4 ,?IS />T+ PO9T IS C]TA9LY IMPORTANT1 IT SPREADS A NONVIOL5T1 PLURALI/ CONCEPT ?AT IS OPPOS$ TO AU?ORITY & P[]1 BUT IT IS ONLY ! PRELUDE TO SOME?+ ?AT LIES BEYOND IT4 ,! PROJECT ( P[] IS TO IMPOSE ITS [N CONDITIONS & IT DOES NOT /OP AT APPE>ANCES4 ,IT %[S CONCRETELY H[ ANYONE ?AT REFUSES TO ACCEPT ! RULES IS CONSID]$ AN '\TLAW' & /RIKES !M ) MORE OR LESS S]I\S P5ALTIES ?AT >E CAPABLE ( 9/ILL+ FE> & CONV9C+ PEOPLE TO OBEY4 ,! RESPONSE ( ! OPPRESS$ MI<T BE /RONG OR NOT SO /RONG1 MORE OR LESS ORGANIZ$1 & 9 ! SECOND CASE MANY V>IATIONS OPPOSE !MSELVES TO ! *ANGES ?AT P[] PRODUCES 9 BO? OPPRESSION & CONTROL1 AS WELL AS 9 ! P>TIAL FRE$OMS ?AT IT IS /ILL =C$ TO GRANT4 ,9 HIS TIME1 ,MALATE/A BELIEV$ ?AT ! MOVEM5T T[>DS 9SURRECTION WAS AN ALMO/ 9EVITABLE PROCESS CAUS$ BY ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 :AT P[] IS PREP>$ TO PROVIDE & :AT ! OPPRESS$ >E PREP>$ TO PUT UP )4 

,?IS ANALYSIS SUFF]$ FROM A VISION ( SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS ?AT HAD BE5 BORR[$ FROM M>XI/ HEGELIANISM4 ,N[ WE SEE MU* MORE CLE>LY ?AT ?+S >E NOT SO4 ,CAPITAL'S RESILI5CE IS ALWAYS UNPR$ICTABLE4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME IT RELIES ON ! NEW TE*NOLOGIES & A =M ( P[] ?AT MANAGES ! CONTRADICTIONS MORE EASILY1 YET IT DOES NOT SEEM ?AT ?IS IS WORSE ?AN ANY O!R =M1 OR ?AT IT IS 9SURM\NTABLE4 ,! 9SURRECTIONAL MOVEM5T IS C]TA9LY FUEL$ BY ! RADICAL 9COMPATIBILITY BETWE5 AU?ORITY & FRE$OM1 BUT 9 ORD] = IT TO REALIZE ITSELF !RE MU/ BE A PRACTICAL PREP>ATION ?AT C\LD />T FROM P>TIAL1 SOMETIMES M9IMAL1 CONTRADICTORY CONDITIONS :I* C\LD C]TA9LY BE REM$I$ BY ! 5EMY1 BUT IT IS POSSIBLE = 9SURRECTIONAL MOM5TS TO />T FROM !M & PROCE$ T[>DS REVOLUTION4 ,BETWE5 ! L9ES1 ,MALATE/A FOCUSES ON ! PREP>ATION ( ! UPRIS+ & DIVIDES IT 9TO TWO ASPECTS3 ! E?ICAL & ! MAT]IAL4 

,N[1 !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT IF ! FIR/ IS ! RESULT ( A GR[+ REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS1 ! SECOND CANNOT BE O!R ?AN PROVID+ ! 9SURRECTION ) A PRACTICE ?AT IS BORN & ACQUIR$ 9 ! DAILY /RUGGLE OV] TIME & NOT BY WAIT+ = AN IMPROBABLE APOCALYPTIC CONFRONTATION4 ,WE MU/ RID ! FIELD ( ! ICONOGRAPHY ?AT SEES ! 9SURRECTION AS A MATT] ( B>RICADES & HUGE FI<T+ MASSES READY = ! F9AL %[D[N4 ,EV5 SMALL LOCAL MOVEM5TS CAN HAVE 9SURRECTIONAL CONNOTATIONS1 9T]M$IATE /RUGGLES1 IF ! CONDITIONS 9 :I* !Y >ISE TAKE ! =M ( AUTONOMY FROM POLITICAL =CES1 P]MAN5T CONFLICT & ATTACK4 

,?IS REVOLUTION MU/ NECESS>ILY BE VIOL5T1 EV5 ?\< VIOL5CE IS 9 ITSELF A BAD ?+4 ,IT MU/ BE VIOL5T BECAUSE IT W\LD BE FOLLY TO PUT ONE'S HOPES 9 ! PRIVILEG$ ADMITT+ TO ! DAMAGE & 9JU/ICE ( !IR PRIVILEGES & DECID+ TO GIVE !M UP VOLUNT>ILY4 ,IT MU/ BE VIOL5T BECAUSE TRANSITIONAL REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE IS ! ONLY WAY TO 5D ! GREAT]1 P]PETUAL VIOL5CE UND] :I* ! GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE >E 5SLAV$4 7',UMANITA ,NOVA'1 #ab ,AUGU/ #a#i#b74 

,! ROAD TO FRE$OM CANNOT BE TRAVEL$ 9 A HORSE & C>RIAGE1 ONE MU/ REALIZE ?AT IT IS A BLOODY & DIFFICULT PA? ?AT IS CAPABLE ( UPSETT+ ! DREAMS ( ?OSE :O1 AL?\< LONG+ = JU/ICE & EQUALITY1 HOPE ?AT !SE GODDESSES WILL DESC5D FROM ,OLYMPUS )\T CAUS+ TOO MU* ( A /IR4 ,MALATE/A IS A REVOLUTION>Y & HAS NO REASON TO FUEL SU* ILLUSIONS4 ,HE IS AW>E ?AT VIOL5CE IS PA9FUL1 BUT HE IS ALSO AW>E ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y4 ,?IS IS NOT ! PRECISE PO9T ?AT WE WANT TO DRAW ATT5TION TO TODAY1 H[EV]4 ,! PO9T 9 QUE/ION IS ! CONCEPT ( 'TRANSITIONAL VIOL5CE'1 I4E4 A RADICAL & EXTREME RESPONSE ?AT IS LIMIT$ 9 TIME1 TO ! RULE ( ! GOV]NORS :O WANT TO GOV]N = EV]4 ,?IS SUGGE/S ! POSSIBILITY ( A 'TRANSITION'4 ,) ! ABOLITION ( EXPLOITATION ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION WILL PASS FROM ! H&S ( ! FEW EXPLOIT]S 9TO ! H&S ( ALL4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 WE >E NO LONG] 9 A SOCIAL CONDITION ?AT IS CLE>-CUT & SEEM+LY 7BUT ONLY APP>5TLY7 EASY TO UND]/& ANY MORE4 ,! CURR5T CONDITIONS W\LD NOT ALL[ A DIRECT REVOLUTION>Y USE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 IT WILL NO LONG] BE POSSIBLE TO USE ! LATT] 9 A DIFF]5T WAY ONCE !IR EXPROPRIATION HAS TAK5 PLACE4 ,! NEW TE*NOLOGIES MAKE IT HI<LY UNLIKELY ?AT ANY?+ USEFUL C\LD BE DONE ) ! RES\RCES ?AT CAPITAL HAS ACCUMULAT$ AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,! LEVEL ( DE/RUCTION ?AT IS REQUIR$ TODAY IS C]TA9LY F> GREAT] & MORE F>-REA*+ ?AN IT WAS 9 ,MALATE/A'S TIME4 ,!RE >E MANY DIFFICULTIES 9VOLV$ 9 UPROOT+ HABITS & 9FLU5CES & SU* A PROCESS C\LD REQUIRE 9CR$IBLE EF=TS ( RE$UCATION & /RUGGLE4 ,NEW =MS ( MANAGEM5T & C5TRALIZ$ ADM9I/RATION C\LD HAVE ASPECTS & BE CAM\FLAG$ 9 SU* A WAY ?AT !Y CANNOT SIMPLY BE EXPOS$ ALL 9 ONE GO1 IMPLY+ A 'TRANSITORY' USE ( VIOL5CE = A V]Y LONG TIME4 ,AW>5ESS ( ?IS DIFFICULT PA? GIVES RISE TO MANY D\BTS & LEAVES SPACE = ! POLITICALLY CORRECT ?\<TS ( ?OSE :O >E WAIT+ = EV]Y?+ TO ADJU/ SL[LY )\T TAK+ ?+S TOO F>4 ,AN EFFECTIVE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CURR5T =M ( IDEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL 9CORPORATION IS A VIOL5T PROCESS ?AT IS LONG OV]DUE4 

,\R S\LS >E ALSO EMBITT]$ BY ?IS NE$ = VIOL5T /RUGGLE4 ,WE :O PREA* LOVE & >E /RUGGL+ TO REA* A SOCIAL CONDITION :]E H>MONY & LOVE BETWE5 PEOPLE >E POSSIBLE1 SUFF] MORE ?AN ANYBODY BY ! NE$ TO DEF5D \RSELVES ) VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! VIOL5CE ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,H[EV]1 TO R5\NCE LIB]ATORY VIOL5CE :5 IT IS ! ONLY WAY TO PUT AN 5D TO ! UNREMITT+ SUFF]+ ( ! GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE & ! UNTOLD C>NAGE ?AT AFFLICT MANK9D1 W\LD MAKE US RESPONSIBLE = ! HATR$ ?AT WE DEPLORE & ! EVILS ?AT /EM FROM IT4 7',UMANITA ,NOVA'1 #bg ,APRIL #a#i#b74 

,IT IS PRECISELY ! NE$ = ITS APPLICATION ?AT IS ! E?ICAL AU?ORIZATION = ! USE ( REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE4 ,?IS NE$ /EMS FROM ! DANG] ?AT BILLIONS ( M5 & WOM5 >E FAC$ ) ?R\< OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,IF IT W]E NO MORE ?AN AN AB/RACT *OICE BETWE5 PEACE & VIOL5CE1 AN>*I/S1 BE+ SUPPORT]S ( LOVE & UNIV]SAL BRO!RHOOD1 W\LD *OOSE PEACE FIR/4 ,BUT ?AT IS NOT A REAL *OICE4 

,LIKE ALL ?OSE :O >E MOTIVAT$ BY A DESIRE TO 5D ! HATR$ ?AT TORM5TS HUMANITY1 !Y >E =C$ TO *OOSE VIOL5CE4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ! SUPPORT]S ( OPPRESSION1 BO? ?OSE :O EX]CISE IT DIRECTLY & ?OSE :O B5EFIT BY IT1 F9D IT DIFFICULT TO AGREE ) ?IS CONCLUSION4 ,9DE$1 ! MORE WE MOVE T[>DS A SOCIETY ?AT ADM9I/]S P[] ?R\< SOCIAL PEACE1 ! MORE SUBTLE IS ! IDEOLOGICAL DISC\RSE :]E ! OPPRESSORS TALK AB\T PEACE & BRO!RHOOD TO ?OSE :O WANT TO FREE !MSELVES FROM OPPRESSION & 9TOL]ANCE & ACCUSE !M ( VIOL5CE 79 ?IS REG>D ! SPURI\S CONCEPT ( 'T]RORISM' HAS BE5 CO9$74 

,?ANKS TO ! PRESSURE EX]T$ UPON ! =MATION ( CURR5T PUBLIC OP9ION MANY PEOPLE 7! GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE7 S]I\SLY BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E TOL]ANT1 EV5 ?OSE ?AT P>TICIPATE 9 EXPLOITATION & REPRESSION DIRECTLY4 ,! SOCIETY 9 :I* WE LIVE1 & ! ONE ?AT IS LOOM+ OV] ! NEXT FEW DECADES EV5 MORE1 CAN H>DLY BE DEF9$ BY ! RIGID CLASS DIVISIONS ( ,MALATE/A'S TIME4 ,YET1 DESPITE ! 9CREAS$ DIFFICULTIES1 Y\ CAN SAY = SURE ?AT SOME:]E ! 5EMY CONT9UES TO BUILD ITS P>ADIGMS ( P[]1 & ITS MILLIONS ( S]VANTS CONT9UE TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE = !SE P>ADIGMS TO BE APPLI$4 ,BY /RIK+ !SE PLOTS & ! M5 ?AT REALIZE !M ONE EXTRACTS ONESELF FROM ! RESPONSIBILITY ?AT FALLS UPON ?OSE :O1 BY NOT ATTACK+1 >E COMPLICIT 9 ! REALIZATION ( ! PROJECTS ( P[]4 ,BUT BECAUSE ?IS RESPONSIBILITY D]IVES FROM 9ACTION1 FROM LETT+ ?+S C>RY ON AS !Y >E1 I4E4 FROM NOT GETT+ TO ! BOTTOM ( ! CONSEQU5CES ( ACTION ?AT IS BY NATURE VIOL5T1 :YEV] %\LD ?IS E?ICAL CONSID]ATION BE CONSID]$ SELF-EVID5T8 ,?IS IS AN IMPORTANT QUE/ION4 ,9DE$1 IT C\LD WELL BE ?AT ONE CONSID]S ONE'S [N WAY ( NOT P>TICIPAT+1 ( AB/A9+ 7LET'S SAY LIMIT+ ONESELF TO NOT VOT+7 IS SUFFICI5T TO CUT ! UMBILICAL CORD ( ?AT RESPONSIBILITY4 ,9 ?AT CASE WE >E FAC+ A POSITIVE ACTION DESIGN$ AT 9T]F]+ ) ! REPRESSIVE OR CONTROLL+ ME*ANISM ?AT IS ACT+ UPON US4 ,I ?9K ?AT PEOPLE %\LD ONLY FEEL RESPONSIBLE = :AT !Y >E AW>E ( 7NOT BE JUDG$ SO BY SOMEONE ELSE74 ,IF SOMEONE IS REALLY CONV9C$ ?AT IT IS SUFFICI5T NOT TO VOTE 7= EXAMPLE7 TO ABSOLVE !IR CRIME 9 RESPECT TO P>TICIPATORY 9/ITUTIONS1 !N IT IS RI<T ?AT1 9 GOOD FAI?1 !Y CONSID] !MSELVES ABSOLV$ FROM ANY LIABILITY4 ,BUT AS SOON AS A P]SON IS 9=M$ AB\T ! REALITY ?AT WE ALL HO/1 CAN !Y REA* ! SAME CONCLUSIONS )\T LAU<+ 9 !IR [N FACES8 ,! MORE KN[L$GE ONE GA9S ( ! SOCIETY 9 :I* ONE LIVES1 ! MORE DOCUM5TATION & UPDATES1 !N ! MORE ONE'S HE>T REBELS AGA9/ ! PALLIATIVES ?AT ! ?9K+ M9D HAD F\ND TO SIL5CE ITS CONSCI5CE4 ,ONLY1 (T5 \R EV]YDAY 9T]E/S1 FAMILY1 C>E]1 MONEY1 ETC41 CA/ A VEIL !M OV] !M1 & EF=TS TO REMOVE ?IS VEIL >E R>ELY ABLE TO REVEAL ! DAZZL+ ILLUM9ATION ?AT IT CONCEALS4 ,SO WE 5D UP CONV9C+ \RSELVES ?AT ! ONLY ONES RESPONSIBLE = EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION >E ! EXPLOIT]S & OPPRESSORS2 WE LOOK ! O!R WAY & C>RY ON ) \R AFT]NOON NAP4 

,WE >E AGA9/ VIOL5CE ON PR9CIPLE & SO WE W\LD LIKE ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE1 = AS LONG AS IT EXI/S1 TO BE AS HUMANE AS POSSIBLE4 ,BUT ?AT DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WE WILL NOT /RUGGLE 5]GETICALLY & RADICALLY1 ON ! CONTR>Y WE BELIEVE ?AT HALF MEASURES CAN ACTUALLY 5D UP DRAW+ \T ! /RUGGLE 9DEF9ITELY1 CAN MAKE IT /]ILE & PRODUCE F> MORE VIOL5CE ?AN :I* WE W\LD LIKE TO AVOID4 ,NOR DOES IT MEAN ?AT WE LIMIT ! RI<T ( DEF5SE TO RESI/+ MAT]IAL & IMM95T ATTACK4 ,= US1 ! OPPRESS$ >E ALWAYS 9 A CONDITION ( SELF-DEF5SE & HAVE EV]Y RI<T TO REBEL )\T WAIT+ TO BE %OT AT1 & WE KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT ATTACK IS (T5 ! MO/ EFFECTIVE MEANS ( DEF5SE4 ,BUT H]E !RE IS ALSO A MATT] ( FEEL+S--& = ME FEEL+S C\NT MORE ?AN ALL REASON+4 7',F$E'1 #bh ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#c74 

,AS SAID E>LI]1 IT MI<T SEEM ?AT 9 CONSID]+ !SE REFLECTIONS ,I AM TRY+ TO PROMOTE A P]SONAL PR$ILECTION = VIOL5CE4 ,! OPPRESS$--& !SE >E ,MALATE/A'S EXACT WORDS--PRECISELY BECAUSE HE ALWAYS F9DS HIMSELF 9 A /ATE ( LEGITIMATE SELF-DEF5SE1 IS MORALLY 5TITL$ TO REBEL )\T REPRESSION HAV+ BE5 TAK5 TO ! EXTREME & MAK+ ! SITUATION 9 :I* HE IS LIV+ 9TOL]ABLE4 ,?IS IS AN IMPORTANT PO9T4 ,IT %$S CONSID]ABLE LI<T ON ! REBEL'S DECISION TO ATTACK ! 5EMY ?AT REPRESSES HIM4 ,IT IS NOT ESS5TIAL = HIM TO F9D HIMSELF DR[N+ OR TO BE UND] FIRE4 ,SO1 :AT IS REQUIR$8 ,! ANSW] IS OBVI\S3 HE MU/ MAKE ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! SITUATION HE F9DS HIMSELF 9 HIS [N1 ?AT IS1 HE MU/ ACQUIRE ! ABILITY TO READ BETWE5 ! IDEOLOGICAL L9ES ?AT P[] PUTS 9TO ACT 9 ORD] TO SW9DLE US1 EV5 BE=E IT OPPRESSES OR SUPPRESSES US4 ,SO1 ! MORE ?IS AW>5ESS DEVELOPS ! MORE IT P5ETRATES ! L9ES ( ! REPRESSOR ( ! MOM5T & ! MORE REBELLION IS TRIGG]$1 EV5 UND] CONDITIONS ( APP>5T REPRESSIVE TOL]ANCE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 WE HAVE (T5 NOT$ H[ A REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS ?AT AIMS TO ATTACK ! 5EMY :OSE REPRESSIVE ACTION IT WAS ?AT BR\<T IT TO LI<T 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 (T5 FAILS TO ACCOMPLI% ?IS ATTACK & SOON] OR LAT] 5DS UP BIT+ ITS TAIL4 ,?IS CAN SOMETIMES LEAD TO A MUSCUL> EXTREMISM ?AT SEES ! :OLE ?+ AS A QUE/ION ( MILIT>Y /R5G?4 ,?OSE :O FALL 9TO ?IS AMBIGU\S T]RA9 >E ACCEPT+ PRECISELY ! ELEM5T ?AT T5DS TO BE PREF]R$ BY P[] AS ! FIELD ( ! CLA%4 ,EXT5D+ VIOL5T 9T]V5TION UND] CONDITIONS ?AT >E NOT REVOLUTION>Y LEADS TO 5CLOS+ ! WORLD )9 :I* ! REBEL ACTS & AN 9CREASE 9 ! SPECIALIZATION ( HIS 9T]V5TIONS4 ,!SE TWO DEVELOPM5TS >E QUICKLY PICK$ UP BY P[]1 :I* KN[S V]Y WELL H[ TO REACT4 ,! 9T5SIFICATION ( VIOL5T ACTIONS C>RI$ \T BY A M9ORITY ( REBELS DOES NOT NECESS>ILY CORRESPOND TO A GR[+ PROCESS ( REBELLION1 :I* IS L9K$ TO O!R CONDITIONS ?AT >E MO/LY ( AN ECONOMIC NATURE1 :I* ! SPECIFIC REBELLION CAN UND]L9E BUT NOT PROMOTE4 ,?IS MAY RESULT 9 ! PROGRESSIVE ISOLATION ( ! REBELLION1 :]E ! NE$ = SELF-RECOGNITION PRES5TS ITSELF4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ACTIONS ( ATTACK >E 9T5SIFI$ 9 ORD] = ONE TO BE ABLE TO CONT9UE TO EXI/ AS AN 9SURG5T 5TITY ) A C]TA9 DEGREE ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS & A PROJECT ?AT IS MORE OR LESS SPECIFI$ 9 DETAIL4 ,9 CONT9U+ ALONG ?IS ROAD ONE GOES RI<T (F ! M>K1 COMPLETELY LOSES T\* ) REALITY & ! SPECIALI/ APPROA* T5DS TO DEVELOP 9 A MILIT>I/IC DIRECTION4 ,IF ! OPPRESS$ IS ALWAYS RI<T TO REBEL1 ! REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS ?AT IS REQUIR$ = ?IS REBELLION TO BECOME A REALITY MU/ ACCOMPANY HIM ?OR\<LY1 :I* MEANS ?AT IT MU/ ALSO 9DICATE ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ACTIONS ?AT HE UND]TAKES4 

,AN>*I/S >E NOT HYPOCRITES4 ,=CE MU/ BE REJECT$ ) =CE3 TODAY AGA9/ ! OPPRESSION ( TODAY1 TOMORR[ AGA9/ ?AT :I* MI<T REPLACE ?AT ( TODAY4 7',P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA'1 #a ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#d74 

,MALATE/A DOES NOT ILLUDE HIMSELF ?AT AN>*I/S WILL MAKE ! REVOLUTION ALONE1 OR ?AT ! NEXT REVOLUTION WILL BE ! F9AL ONE1 ! SOCIAL ONE1 ! AN>*I/ ONE4 ,HE KN[S ?AT IT WILL ALMO/ C]TA9LY BE NECESS>Y TO COME BACK & FI<T AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS ( ! FUTURE4 ,WE N[ KN[ ?AT ?IS P]SPECTIVE IS QUITE PROBABLE1 BECAUSE MANY PEOPLE >E UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT !Y WILL BE ABLE TO USE ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( CAPITAL--9 A DIFF]5T WAY ( C\RSE--SOME?+ ?AT WE /RONGLY D\BT4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT MANY SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>IES1 !IR REPRESSIVE VOCATION BR\<T TO ! =E1 WILL TRY TO MANAGE PUBLIC AFFAIRS ON BEHALF ( !IR [N 9T]E/S & IDEOLOGIES4 

,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ !M WILL SIMPLY BE A CONT9UATION ( :AT CAME BE=E1 JU/ AS FI]CE & DIFFICULT4 ,GIV5 ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 MANY AN>*I/S HAVE COME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT1 BE+ MORE OR LESS A VOICE 9 ! WILD]NESS1 !Y MI<T AS WELL D$ICATE !MSELVES TO ! TASK ( ACT+ AS ,CASS&RA4 ,:Y DIRTY !IR H&S ) ! DE/RUCTIVE ATTACKS ?AT NE$ TO BE C>RI$ \T AS FROM N[ & NOT PUT (F UNTIL TOMORR[1 IF SOON] OR LAT] !Y WILL HAVE TO TAKE UP ! CRITICAL ANALYSIS ( ! RESULTS A*IEV$ & PUT ! PIECES ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ! PREC$+ /RUGGLE TOGE!R YET AGA94 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! REVOLUTION1 NOT PLAUSIBLY GO+ TO BE ! RI<T ONE 7H]E WE >E REASON+ :OLESALE7 IT IS NECESS>Y TO /AY 9 WAIT+ TO M>K ! 79EVITABLE7 MI/AKES ( O!RS ) ! R$ & BLACK P5CIL4 ,IF ?IS APPLIES TO ! 'REVOLUTION'1 ?9K AB\T P>TIAL /RUGGLES1 SO-CALL$ '9T]M$IATE /RUGGLES'1 ?9K ( EA* S+LE 9SURRECTION ?AT CANNOT BUT />T AT SOME PO9T 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

.<,CONC]N+ ! ,DIANA EV5TS.> ,I SAID ?AT ?OSE MURD]]S >E ALSO SA9TS & H]OES2 & ?OSE ( MY FRI5DS :O PROTE/ AGA9/ MY /ATEM5T DO SO 9 HOMAGE TO ?OSE :OM !Y CALL REAL SA9TS & H]OES :O1 APP>5TLY1 NEV] MAKE MI/AKES4 

,I CAN ONLY CONFIRM :AT ,I SAID 444 

,5\< ( SPLITT+ HAIRS4 

,:AT IS IMPORTANT IS TO AVOID CONFUS+ ! ACT ) ! 9T5TIONS1 & 9 CONDEMN+ ! BAD ACT NOT =GET TO DO JU/ICE TO ! GOOD 9T5TIONS4 ,& NOT ONLY \T ( RESPECT = ! TRU?1 OR \T ( COMPASSION1 BUT ALSO = REASONS ( PROPAG&A1 = ! PRACTICAL EFFECTS ?AT \R JUDGM5T CAN LEAD TO4 

,!RE >E1 &1 SO LONG AS ! PRES5T CONDITIONS & ! 5VIRONM5T ( VIOL5CE 9 :I* WE LIVE LA/1 !RE ALWAYS WILL BE G5]\S M51 REBELS :O >E EXTREMELY S5SITIVE BUT LACK SUFFICI5T P[]S ( REFLECTION1 :O 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES GET C>RI$ AWAY BY !IR PASSIONS & /RIKE BL9DLY4 ,IF WE DO NOT OP5LY RECOGNIZE !IR GOOD 9T5TIONS1 IF WE DO NOT MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ]ROR & MALICE1 WE LOSE ALL MORAL 9FLU5CE OV] !M & AB&ON !M TO !IR BL9D IMPULSES4 ,IF1 9/EAD1 WE PAY TRIBUTE TO !IR GOODNESS1 !IR C\RAGE & SPIRIT ( SACRIFICE1 WE CAN REA* !IR M9DS ?R\< !IR HE>TS & 5SURE ?AT ! VALUABLE /OREH\SES ( 5]GY ?AT !Y EMBODY BE US$ = ! CAUSE 9 AN 9TELLIG5T1 GOOD & USEFUL WAY1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! CAUSE4 7',UMANITA ,NOVA'1 #bd ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#a74 

,! REBEL RISES UP &1 DIRECT+ ! BL[ AGA9/ ! 5EMY1 KILLS 9NOC5TS4 ,IT HAPP5$ 9 #aiba AT ! ,DIANA ,!AT] .<#b.> BUT ,I AM N[ ?9K+ ( ,GIANFRANCO ,B]TOLI'S.<#c.> ATTACK ON ! POLICE HEADQU>T]S 9 ,VIA ,FATEB5EFRATELLI 9 ,MILAN1 & ! DEAD ?AT HIS BOMB RIPP$ AP>T ON ! PAVEM5T4 ,MALATE/A'S DISC\RSE IS CALM BUT FIRM1 IT IS A RESPONSIBLE DISC\RSE )\T GIV+ V5T TO HY/]IA4 ,IT DRAWS ATT5TION TO ! COMRADES :O C>RI$ \T ! ACT1 HE KN[S !M1 KN[S !Y >E GOOD COMRADES & ?AT !Y MADE A MI/AKE4 ,HE KN[S ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A MI/AKE4 ,B]TOLI ?REW HIS BOMB 9TO ! 5TRANCE ( ! ,MILAN POLICE HEADQU>T]S1 BUT A POLICEMAN KICK$ IT BACK \T & IT EXPLOD$ 9 ! MID/ ( ! PEOPLE ?AT W]E QUEU+ TO GO 9SIDE = ADM9I/RATIVE PRACTICES4 ,AT ?AT TIME--NOT KN[+ ,B]TOLI & ANALYZ+ HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY PUBLI%$ 9 ',G5TE' MAGAZ9E--,I MYSELF SAID ?AT HIS ACTION WAS CONDEMNABLE BECAUSE 9 NO WAY C\LD ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( A ,/IRN]ITE 9DIVIDUALI/1 AS HE SEEM$ TO BE DECL>+ HIMSELF1 BE ID5TIFI$ 9 ! /ORY ( HIS LIFE4 ,I WAS ONLY ABLE TO CORRECT MY MI/AKE ?IRTY YE>S LAT] :5 ,I BEGAN CORRESPOND+ ) HIM & GOT TO KN[ HIM BETT] & SEE ! QUALITIES ( ! COMRADE ?AT DID NOT COME ?R\< 9 ! AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKET* ( ?IRTY YE>S BE=E4 

,MALATE/A HAS ! APPROPRIATE KN[L$GE1 HE IS AW>E ?AT ,M>IANI1 ,AGUGG9I & ! O!RS >E KN[N & TRU/$ COMRADES1 SO HE REALIZES ?AT IT IS A QUE/ION ( A REGRETTABLE ]ROR1 & DEALS ) ?IS S5SITIVE QUE/ION4 ,HE LAM5TS & GRIEVES = ! DEAD BUT HE ALSO LAM5TS & GRIEVES = ! FATE ( HIS COMRADES1 = ! RESPONSIBILITY ?AT !Y BR\<T UPON !MSELVES & :I*1 MOREOV]1 !Y W]E READY TO PAY = BE=E SO-CALL$ JU/ICE4 ,:AT C\NTS1 HE SAYS1 >E ! 9T5TIONS4 ,BUT W]5'T !SE 9T5TIONS ! DEP?S ( HELL8 

,( C\RSE1 ?AT IS EXACTLY ! L9E ( B\RGEOIS MORALITY1 ALWAYS READY TO JUMP ON ! EFFECT1 TO LOOK AT RESULTS & PUT ITS JUDGM5T ON ! ECONOMI/IC SCALES4 ,SOMETIMES WE EV5 F9D ?IS MORAL T9T AMONG AN>*I/S1 = EXAMPLE :5 !Y ASK1 CONC]N+ ,M>IANI & ,B]TOLI3 ',:O CAN B5EFIT FROM ?IS TYPE ( ACTION8'4 ,ONLY ! REPRESSION4 ,?AT IS ! ANSW]4 ,& FROM ?AT MOM5T ON ?IS CONCLUSION SPREADS LIKE WILDFIRE4 ,IT IS ALWAYS ! REPRESSION TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ANY ACTION ?AT HAD 9T5D$ TO ATTACK ! 5EMY BY WANT+ TO MAKE HIM FEEL ! NOT EXACTLY FRI5DLY GE/URE ( ! REBEL A LITTLE CLOS] TO HIS SK94 ,H[ MANY DECL>ATIONS ( EXTRANEITY REGUL>LY PRES5T !MSELVES CONC]N+ SOME ACTION ?AT GOES BEYOND ! B\ND>IES ( OP9IONI/ OR?ODOXY4 ,WE >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 C\NT+ !M4 ,( C\RSE1 !Y >E C]TA9LY A SIGN ( POLITICAL %REWDNESS1 BUT ALSO ( E?ICAL %ORT-SI<T$NESS4 ,MALATE/A1 ON ! O!R H&1 TAKES ! RISK ( DESC5D+ 9TO TO HELL & TALKS ( 9T5TIONS4 ,HE KN[S ?AT ?IS DOES NOT ABSOLVE ! MURD]]S FROM 7MORAL7 RESPONSIBILITY1--BECAUSE H]E IT IS A QUE/ION ( MURD]]S--BUT HE ALSO KN[S ?AT KEEP+ QUIET1 OR WORSE /ILL1 JUMP+ ON ! B&WAGON ( BANAL REPRIM&1 W\LD D5Y ! PROPAG&I/IC PR9CIPLE ( MILITANT AN>*ISM1 ALL ! EF=TS WE MAKE EV]Y DAY TO CONV9CE PEOPLE ( ! NE$ TO REBEL & ATTACK ! 5EMY ?AT OPPRESSES & EXPLOITS US4 

,MC,K9LEY1 HEAD ( ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN OLIG>*Y1 9/RUM5T & DEF5D] ( ! CAPITALI/ GIANTS1 BETRAY] ( ! ,CUBANS & ! ,PHILIPP9OS1 ! MAN :O AU?ORIZ$ ! MASSACRE ( ! /RIK]S ( ,HAZLETON1 ! TORTURE ( ! M9]S 9 ,IDAHO & ! ?\S&S ( 9FAMIES COMMITT$ EV]Y DAY AGA9/ ! WORK]S 9 ! 'MODEL REPUBLIC'1 ! MAN :O 9C>NAT$ ! MILIT>I/IC1 EXPANSIONI/ & IMP]IALI/ POLICIES :I* ! FAT ,AM]ICAN B\RGEOISIE HAVE ADOPT$1 HAS FALL5 F\L ( AN AN>*I/'S REVOLV]4 

,:AT DO Y\ WANT US TO GRIEVE =1 IF NOT = ! FATE 9 /ORE = ! G5]\S-HE>T$ MAN :O1 OPPORTUNELY OR 9OPPORTUNELY1 ) GOOD OR BAD TACTICS1 (F]$ HIMSELF AS A SACRIFICE TO ! CAUSE ( EQUALITY & FRE$OM8 ,WE >E SAY+ AGA91 AS ALWAYS3 BECAUSE VIOL5CE IS ALL >\ND US1 WE >E CALMLY CONT9U+ TO /RUGGLE SO ?AT ?IS DREADFUL NE$ TO RESPOND TO VIOL5CE ) VIOL5CE WILL 5D1 HOP+ ?AT ! DAY WILL SOON COME :5 ! CONFLICT ( 9T]E/S & PASSIONS BETWE5 M5 WILL BE SOLV$ BY HUMAN & CIVIL MEANS4 ,WE HOLD BACK \R TE>S & \R FL[]S = O!R VICTIMS1 NOT ! M5 :O1 PUTT+ !MSELVES AT ! HEAD ( ! EXPLOIT+ & OPPRESS+ CLASSES1 FACE ! RESPONSIBILITY & RISKS ( !IR POSITION4 ,YET !RE HAVE BE5 AN>*I/S :O HAVE F\ND IT CONV5I5T & WELL TO CONDEMN ! OPPRESS$ :O REBELL$1 )\T A WORD ( CONDEMNATION = ! OPPRESSOR :O HAS PAID ! PRICE = ! CRIMES HE COMMITT$ OR ALL[$ TO BE COMMITT$6 ,IS ?IS AN UNHEAL?Y DESIRE TO GA9 ! APPROVAL ( ! ADV]S>Y1 OR IS IT BADLY CON/RU$ 'TACTICS' TO GA9 FRE$OM TO PROPAGATE !IR IDEAS BY VOLUNT>ILY GIV+ UP ! RI<T TO EXPRESS ! G5U9E1 PR(\ND FEEL+S ( ! S\L1 EV5 TO ! PO9T ( FALSIFY+ !SE FEEL+S BY PRET5D+ TO BE O!R ?AN :AT ONE IS8 ,I DO SO ) REGRET1 BUT ,I MU/ EXPRESS ! PA9 & \TRAGE ?AT ! RA% WORDS ?AT ',L',AGITAZIONE' DEVOT$ TO ! ATTACK 9 ,BUFFALO CAUS$ ME & MANY FRI5DS ?AT ,I HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO SEE !SE DAYS4 ',CZOLGOSZ IS IRRESPONSIBLE'--BUT DO !Y KN[ HIM8--',HIS ACT IS A COMMON CRIME ?AT HAS NONE ( ! *>ACT]I/ICS REQUIR$ = SU* AN ACT TO BE CONSID]$ POLITICAL6' ,I BELIEVE ?AT NO PUBLIC PROSECUTOR1 MON>*I/ OR ,REPUBLICAN1 W\LD D>E SAY AS MU*4 ,P]HAPS !RE >E SOME P]SONAL REASONS OR GRIEVANCES = CONDEMN+ ,CZOLGOSZ8 444 ,ALREADY1 IT IS IMPROP] TO SPEAK ( A CRIME 9 SU* CASES4 ,! LAW DOES1 BUT ! LAW IS MADE AGA9/ US1 AGA9/ ! OPPRESS$1 & CANNOT S]VE AS A CRIT]ION 9 \R JUDGM5TS4 ,!SE >E ACTS ( W>1 & IF W> IS A CRIME1 IT CONC]NS ?OSE :O >E ON ! SIDE ( 9JU/ICE & OPPRESSION4 ,! ,5GLI% 9VAD]S ( ! ,TRANSWAAL >E ! CRIM9ALS1 NOT ! ,BO]S :5 !Y DEF5D$ !IR FRE$OM1 EV5 IF !IR DEF5SE HAD NO HOPE ( SUCCESS4 

',CZOLGOSZ'S ACT 7',L',AGITAZIONE' MI<T REPLY7 DID NO?+ = ! CAUSE ( ! WORK]S OR ! REVOLUTION2 ,MC,K9LEY WAS SUCCE$$ BY HIS EQUAL1 ,ROOSEVELT & EV]Y?+ REMA9S UN*ANG$1 EXCEPT ?AT ! SITUATION = ! AN>*I/S HAS BECOME A LITTLE MORE DIFFICULT ?AN BE=E4' ,IT MAY BE ?AT ',L',AGITAZIONE' >E RI<T2 9DE$1 9 ! ,AM]ICAN 5VIRONM5T1 AS F> AS ,I KN[1 ?+S >E PROBABLY LIKE ?AT4 

,?IS MEANS ?AT 9 W> !RE >E MOVES ?AT Y\ GET RI<T & !RE >E WRONG MOVES1 !RE >E C>EFUL COMBATANTS & ?OSE :O GET C>RI$ AWAY ) 5?USIASM & BECOME AN EASY T>GET = ! 5EMY1 POSSIBLY EV5 JEOP>DIZ+ ! POSITION ( !IR COMRADES4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT EA* ONE MU/ ADVISE1 DEF5D & PUT 9TO PRACTICE ! TACTICS ?AT HE BELIEVES >E MORE LIKELY TO A*IEVE VICTORY 9 ! %ORTE/ TIME & ) LEA/ POSSIBLE SACRIFICE2 BUT ?AT CANNOT ALT] ! FUNDAM5TAL OBVI\S FACT ?AT ?OSE :O FI<T1 WELL OR BADLY1 AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY & T[>DS ! SAME GOAL1 IS \R FRI5D & HAS A RI<T1 NOT TO \R UNCONDITIONAL APPROVAL1 BUT TO \R HE>TFELT SYMPA?Y4 

,:E!R ! COMBAT UNIT IS A COLLECTIVITY OR A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL CANNOT *ANGE ! MORAL ASPECT ( ! MATT]4 ,AN >M$ 9SURRECTION C>RI$ \T 9OPPORTUNELY CAN CAUSE REAL OR APP>5T DAMAGE TO ! SOCIAL W> WE >E FI<T+1 AS DOES AN 9DIVIDUAL ATTACK ?AT ANTAGONIZES POPUL> FEEL+S1 BUT IF ! 9SURRECTION IS C>RI$ \T TO CONQU] FRE$OM1 NO AN>*I/ W\LD D5Y IT !IR SYMPA?Y2 ABOVE ALL1 NO ONE WILL D>E D5Y ! DEFEAT$ REBELS !IR P>TICUL> SOCIO-POLITICAL *>ACT]4 ,:Y %\LD IT BE ANY DIFF]5T IF ! 9SURRECTIONI/ IS A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL8 

',L',AGITAZIONE' HAS SAID ?AT /RIK]S >E ALWAYS RI<T1 & IT SAID WELL1 AL?\< IT IS CLE> ?AT NOT ALL /RIKES >E ADVISABLE1 BECAUSE A FAIL$ /RIKE C\LD1 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 LEAD TO DISC\RAGEM5T & DISP]SE ! WORK]S' /R5G?4 ,:Y %\LD :AT IS TRUE 9 ! CASE ( ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BOSSES NOT BE SO 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! RUL]S1 :O ) ! GUN ( ! SOLDI] & ! H&CUFFS ( ! POLICE WANT TO 5?RALL$ US TO !M & ! CAPITALI/S8 ,?IS IS NOT A DISCUSSION AB\T TACTICS4 ,IF ?AT W]E SO1 ,I W\LD SAY ?AT G5]ALLY SPEAK+ ,I PREF] COLLECTIVE ACTION TO 9DIVIDUAL ACTION1 BECAUSE COLLECTIVE ACTION REQUIRES FAIRLY COMMON AV]AGE QUALITIES1 :I* >E EASY TO F9D1 :]EAS WE CANNOT C\NT ON H]OISM1 :I* IS EXCEPTIONAL & ( A SPORADIC NATURE REQUIR+ 9DIVIDUAL SACRIFICE4 ,H]E IT IS A MATT] ( A HI<] ORD]3 IT IS A QUE/ION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT1 ( ! ALMO/ 9/9CTIVE FEEL+ ( HATR$ ( OPPRESSION1 )\T :I* ANY PROGRAM1 NO MATT] H[ LIB]T>IAN ! /AT$ PROPOSALS >E1 REMA9S DEAD LETT]S2 IT IS A QUE/ION ( ?AT COMBATIVE SPIRIT1 )\T :I* EV5 AN>*I/S BECOME DOME/ICAT$ & 5D UP1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 9 ! QUAGMIRE ( LEGALIT>IANISM 444 ,IT IS FOOLI%1 9 ORD] TO SAVE A LIFE1 TO DE/ROY ! V]Y REASON = LIV+4 ,:AT IS ! PO9T ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS IF Y\ LET ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT DIE8 ,:AT IS ! PO9T ( FRE$OM ( PROPAG&A1 IF Y\ NO LONG] PROPAGATE Y\R IDEAS 4448 7',L',AGITAZIONE'1 #bb ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#a7 

,9 RESPONSE TO ,LUIGI ,FABBRI1 :O HAD DEF9$ ! KILL+ ( ! ,U4,S4 ,PRESID5T AN UNSPEAKABLE & BADLY PREP>$ ACT ( RECKLESSNESS1 ,MALATE/A IS MA9LY CONC]N$ TO ASS]T ! LEGITIMACY ( ANY ATTACK AGA9/ ! OPPRESSOR4 ,IT IS PRECISELY ! AN>*I/ ATTACK] ?AT HE IS ?9K+ AB\T1 NOT ! REPRESSIVE CONSEQU5CES ?AT W\LD 9EVITABLY BE UNLEA%$ BY ! ACT 9 QUE/ION4 ,HE DOES NOT DI/ANCE HIMSELF1 HE SIDES ) ! REBELS IMM$IATELY4 ,HE SUPPORTS VIOL5CE SO ?AT VIOL5CE WILL COME TO AN 5D AS SOON AS POSSIBLE1 9 ORD] = ! NE$ TO RESPOND TO VIOL5CE ) VIOL5CE TO DISAPPE>4 ,HE COMPLA9S ?AT AN>*I/S >E EV5 CAPABLE ( 9SULT+ ! OPPRESS$ ONE :O REBELS1 DEF9+ ?IS ATTITUDE AS AN UNHEAL?Y DESIRE TO GET ! 5EMY'S APPROVAL4 ,?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT WE %\LD /OP & ?9K AB\T4 ,NO?+ CAN BE %>$ ) ! 5EMY 9 ! CLASS W>1 NO RULES1 NO HONORS ( W>4 ,P]HAPS ! REPRESSION BR\<T AB\T ?R\< ! USE ( LIES1 DIS9=MATION & SL&] IS EV5 MORE F]OCI\S ?AN ! MAT]IAL K9D4 ,! 5EMY ATTACKS BY PUTT+ ITSELF 'BEYOND ! LAW' 79 ADVANCE7 & 'BEYOND LOGIC' 7LAT]74 ,IT DECL>ES ?AT ANY REBELLION AGA9/ CON/ITUT$ AU?ORITY GOES AGA9/ LAWS ?AT W]E MADE TO GU>ANTEE SOCIAL LIFE & ?AT IT F9DS IT 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 IMPOSSIBLE1 ?AT !RE BE PEOPLE >\ND :O DO NOT %>E ! BE/ ( ALL POSSIBLE WORLDS1 AT LEA/ ! ONLY WORLD ?AT CAN BE IMPROV$ ?R\< RE=M4 ,! FACT IS ?AT ! LOGIC ( REBELLION DOES NOT BELONG TO ! 5EMY1 IT IS SOME?+ ?AT IS COMPLETELY 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO IT1 & WE NE$ TO SEE ?IS4 ,WE CANNOT ATTACK P[] & EXPECT IT TO APPROVE ( ! RULES ( ?IS ATTACK1 BECAUSE ATTACK FOLL[S RULES ?AT >E DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ?AT SUPPORT ! PROCESSES ( OPPRESSIVE VIOL5CE4 ,IF WE CONV9CE \RSELVES ( ?AT WE WILL COME TO REALIZE ?AT \R ACTIONS AGA9/ P[] >E 'ILLOGICAL'4 ,IT DOES NOT MAKE S5SE--IT DOES NOT MAKE S5SE = ! LOGIC ( P[] & ! SELF-RI<TE\S ONES ?AT >E F$ BY IT--= ,CZOLGOSZ TO %OOT ,MC,K9LEY1 IF ANY ,MC,K9LEY :ATSOEV] CAN ALWAYS BE REPLAC$ BY ANO!R ,ROOSEVELT4 ,:AT HURTS IS ?AT MANY COMRADES ALSO ?9K ?IS WAY V]Y (T54 ,:AT S5SE IS !RE 9 BR++ D[N A PYLON1 OR TWELVE HUNDR$ PYLONS 7AS HAVE BE5 FELL$ 9 ,ITALY OV] ! PA/ FIFTE5 YE>S7 IF ! ,5EL ELECTRICITY COMPANY SIMPLY GOES AHEAD & ]ECTS NEW ONES FA/8 ,:AT IS ! PO9T ( BUSY+ ONESELF ) :AT AM\NTS TO BE LITTLE MORE ?AN 'BUR/+ ! BALLOON ( A POLICEMAN'S *ILD'8 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO ACCEPT A LOGIC ?AT IS DIFF]5T TO ?AT ( P[] & ! BOSSES 9 ORD] TO UND]/& ! POSSIBLE VALIDITY ( SMALL ATTACKS SPREAD ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,BUT ACCEPT+ A DIFF]5T LOGIC IS (T5 AT ODDS ) \R MO/ 9TIMATE WAY ( BE+1 ) \R WAY ( ?9K+4 ,WE >E :AT WE ?9K & WE ?9K :AT WE >E4 ,WE CAN C]TA9LY ?9K ( SOME?+ ?AT WE W\LD NEV] DO OR BE1 BUT ?AT ?\<T DOES NOT DWELL LONG 9 \R M9DS1 JU/ AS ,SATURDAY NI<T'S FANTASIES FADE AWAY AT FIR/ LI<T ON ,MONDAY MORN+4 ,MALATE/A TALKS AB\T WISE & NOT SO WISE COMBATANTS1 ?OSE :O HOLD BACK !IR 5?USIASM & ?OSE :O >E SWEPT AWAY BY IT1 BUT HE DOES NOT SEE ?AT ?IS ASSESSM5T IS MADE ) A MEASURE ?AT IS NOT \R [N4 

,:5 WE ACT 9 ORD] TO GET AS CLOSE TO ! 5EMY AS POSSIBLE 9 ORD] TO DI/URB ITS S5SE ( SECURITY1 CALCULATIONS ( CONV5I5CE1 TACTICAL ASSESSM5T1 TE*NICAL KN[L$GE & !ORETICAL /UDY CAN ASSI/ US1 ACCOMPANY US & LI<T UP ! WAY4 ,BUT ! LA/ /RET*1 ?AT :]E ! S\L RISES UP FROM ! F9AL DETAILS & DRAWS EV]Y?+ 9TO ! 9/ANT :]E Y\ PASS ?R\< ! MORAL FRACTURE1 MU/ BE MADE ALONE4 ,H]E EA* ONE IS ALONE ) !IR E?ICAL CONVICTION1 !IR REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS1 !IR DESIRE TO PUT AN 5D TO OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,SO :AT IF ! ACTION TURNS \T TO BE A SUP]FICIAL GE/URE1 SOME?+ ?AT ! LOGIC ( BL9D+ NON-CONTRADICTOR9ESS CONSID]S A 'MI%&L$ C>ELESS ACT'4 ,WE C>RI$ \T ?AT ACTION4 ,WE TOOK ! RESPONSIBILITY1 NOT JU/ = ! ACTION BUT = ALL ! RELATIVE EVALUATIONS1 TACTICS1 ETC44 ,& WE DECID$ TO C>RY IT \T4 

,ALL SAID & DONE1 \R ACTION IS \R SELF4 

,ALFR$O ,M4 ,BONANNO 

,TRIE/E-,CATANIA1 ,NOVEMB] #bc 

,NOTES = ! ,CONF]5CE ON ,MALATE/A 

,I'M NOT A HI/ORIAN 

,AN 9=M$ MAN ( UND]/&+ 

',ONE ( ! MO/ FAM\S REVOLUTION>IES ( HIS TIME' 

,! NE$ = LEAD]S 

,! QUE/ION ( VIOL5CE3 ,A BLANKET ?AT EV]YONE PULLS 9 !IR [N DIRECTION 

,COMPLET5ESS ( ?\<T & !ORETICAL CONTRIBUTION ( A REVOLUTION>Y 

,LIMITATIONS ( AN >GUM5T LIKE M9E 

,LET ! S+LE WORD RES\ND H]E1 ONCE AGA9 

,! PA/ CAN NOT 5ABLE US TO UND]/& ! PRES5T 7HI/ORICI/ ILLUSION7 

,! NEW REPRESSIVE MODELS NE$ NEW ANALYSIS 

,BUT WE CAN ASK SOME?+ ( ,MALATE/A 

,FIR/ PIECE 7READ7 

,! SLAVE IS ALWAYS 9 A /ATE ( SELF-DEF5SE1 IS 5TITL$ TO ATTACK 

,PRACTICAL ASSESSM5T3 ! UTILITY ( VIOL5T ACTION 

,ECONOMISM IS A /RANG] TO ! REVOLUTION>Y 

,!RE CAN BE ABSOLUTELY NO GU>ANTEE A PRIORI 

,ACTION MU/ COMPLY ) ALL ( ITS LOGICAL PREMISES 

,! NE$ = AN A PO/]IORI EXPLANATION IS NE>LY ALWAYS AN 9DICATION ( APPROXIMATION 

,SECOND PIECE 7READ7 

,IF ONE WANTS TO PRES]VE ONE'S DIGNITY AS M5 & WOM5 

,! NEW REPRESSION & ! FUNCTION ( 9=MATION 

,! ?IRD PIECE 7READ7 

,9EVITABLE PROCESS T[>DS 9SURRECTION 7,MALATE/A'S !SIS7 N[ ! PROBLEM IS DIFF]5T 

,MORAL PREP>ATION = 9SURRECTION 

,CONCRETE PREP>ATIONS = 9SURRECTION 

,F\R? PIECE 7READ7 

,CONCEPT ( TRANSITIONAL VIOL5CE 

,DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! TRADITIONAL !ORY ( TRANSITION 

,NON USABILITY ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 

,FIF? PIECE 7READ7 

,! NECESSITY ( VIOL5CE IS ITS E?ICAL AU?ORIZATION 

,TO REFUSE TO ATTACK IS TO BECAME RESPONSIBLE = EXPLOITATION 

,CONV9C+ ONESELF ( ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( AB/5TIONISM & ! GR[? ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS 

,SIX? PIECE 7READ7 

,! FEEL+S & DECISION ( ! REBEL TO ATTACK 

,GO+ 9TO SOCIAL CONDITIONS & ! MORAL SPLIT 

,DETA*M5T ( ATTACKS FROM REALITY 

,SELF-GRATIFICATION 

,SEV5? PIECE 7READ7 

,! VIOL5T /RUGGLE DOES NOT SOLVE ALL PROBLEMS1 IT IS NOT A MATT] ( FAI? & !RE >E NO MIRACUL\S ILLUSIONS 

,CONT9UATION ( ! /RUGGLE BEYOND ! RESOLUTIVE EV5T ( ! REVOLUTION 

,9COMPLET5ESS ( ! RESULTS ( ! /RUGGLE 

,EI<? PIECE 7READ7 

,CONSID]+ ! TRUE 9T5TIONS ( ! REBEL IS :AT C\NTS 

,TO ASK1 ':O CAN B5EFIT' IS A QUE/ION ?AT ACCEPTS ! LOGIC ( P[] 

,N9? PIECE 7READ7 

,! E?ICAL SELF-EVID5CE ( REBELLION 

,! LOGIC ( ! EXPLOIT$ & ! EXPLOIT] 

,LOGIC & LANGUAGE 

,ABSOLUTE EXTRANEITY & ]ROR ( CLAIM+ TO %>E \R IDEAS ) \R OPPON5T 

,! GEOMETRIC EFFICI5CY ( P[] & ITS SUB/ITUTES & SMALL ACTIONS SPREAD OV] ! T]RITORY 

,%REWDNESS CONC]N+ ! LOGIC ( P[] 

,! RECKLESSNESS ( ! ATTACK1 EXT5T & SPL5DOR ( AN UNCONSCI\S MISDIRECTION 

,CONV5I5CE1 TACTICS & ,S5SIBILITY 

,\R ACTION1 AFT] ALL1 IS \R SELF4 

,SPOK5 9T]V5TION 

,I BR\<T SOME PR9T$ COPIES ( MY TALK BECAUSE 444 CAN Y\ HE> ALL RI<T 444 ,I BR\<T !SE COPIES BECAUSE :AT ,I WILL SAY IS A LITTLE DIFF]5T FROM :AT ,I WROTE1 AS MY TALK IS (F ! CUFF1 AL?\< IT WILL BE 9 ! SAME SPIRIT & SIMIL> TO SOME ( ! WRITT5 PASSAGES4 ,IT'S WELL !N ?AT ?OSE 9T]E/$ CAN ALSO HAVE ! ORIG9AL TEXT4 ,SO WE MADE !SE COPIES4 

,I AM NOT A HI/ORIAN1 SO ,I WILL NOT SPEAK AS A HI/ORIAN4 ,I AM SOMEONE ?AT IS CURI\S AB\T LIFE1 CURI\S AB\T REALITY4 ,I'LL TALK AB\T SOME ASPECTS ( LIFE & REALITY ?AT 9T]E/ EV]YBODY1 ,I ?9K1 9CLUD+ AN>*I/S4 ,I %ALL M5TION SOME ( !SE TOPICS TO REFLECT UPON C]TA9 ( ,MALATE/A'S WORDS4 

,MALATE/A WAS A FAM\S REVOLUTION>Y4 ,WE >E REM9D$ BY ! COMRADE ORGANIZ]S 9 ! TEXT ( ! PROGRAM4 ',A FAM\S REVOLUTION>Y'4 ,:AT DOES ?IS MEAN8 ,HE IS FAM\S BECAUSE ! O!R SIDE1 ! 5EMY1 MAKES HIM FAM\S4 ,AN AN>*I/ IS NOT FAM\S BECAUSE O!R AN>*I/S FOLL[ HIM1 LI/5 TO HIM1 >E 9T]E/$ 9 HIS ACTIONS1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! M$IA1 AS WELL \TL9$ BY ! COMRADE BE=E ME ) ! RA!R G5]AL T]M 'PRESS'4 ,H[EV] IT IS NOT JU/ ! PRESS1 ALL ! ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS ( P[] REVOLVE >\ND HIS ACTIVITY & DE=M IT1 R5D]+ IT O!R1 MON/R\SLY O!R4 ,SO1 ?AT P]SON BECOMES FAM\S4 

,SO MU* = ! 5EMY4 ,WE OBVI\SLY CANNOT TAKE UP ! 5EMY'S SUGGE/IONS4 ,= ME1 ,MALATE/A WAS NOT A FAM\S COMRADE1 HE WAS NOT ! GREATE/ REVOLUTION>Y ( HIS TIME1 HE WAS & IS A COMRADE ( M9E1 :O BELONGS TO ME1 :O AT TIMES1 :5 ,I EXP]I5C$ D\BTS1 SUFF]+1 :5 ,I F\ND MYSELF ALONE 9SIDE ! WALLS ( A PRISON1 READ+ HIS PAGES--LIKE ! PAGES ( ,KROPOTK91 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y1 = EXAMPLE--WAS A GREAT HELP TO ME4 ,!SE PAGES1 HIS WORDS1 >E IMPORTANT TO ME BECAUSE ,I HAVE C>RI$ !M 9 MY HE>T1 NOT BECAUSE !Y GAVE ME A PROGRAMMATICAL SUGGE/ION1 OR BECAUSE !Y CAME FROM A MAN ?AT P[] & ! PRESS HAVE CALL$ 'A GREAT MAN'4 

,?IS AS F> AS P[] IS CONC]N$4 ,BUT WE >E ALSO GUILTY ( MAK+ COMRADES 'FAM\S'1 ( MAK+ COMRADES 'WELL KN[N'1 TURN+ ! DE=M+ SPOTLI<T ON TO !M 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT P[] DOES4 ,WE ALSO CON/RUCT LEAD]S4 ,IT IS WE1 COMRADES1 ?AT MAKE LEAD]S ( ?OSE FROM :OM WE EXPECT 9DICATIONS :5 WE %\LD BE F9D+ !SE 9DICATIONS \RSELVES1 9SIDE US1 9 \R READ+ BUT MA9LY 9 \R GA9+ CONSCI\SNESS4 

,IT HAS ALSO JU/ BE5 SAID ?AT MY *OOS+ TO TALK AB\T ! CONCEPT ( REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE IS ONE ?AT ATTRACTS ATT5TION1 SO MAKES ! TALK MORE ATTRACTIVE4 ,WELL1 BELIEVE ME1 ?IS IS JU/ A CO9CID5CE4 

,= ! ?IRTY & MORE YE>S ?AT ,I HAVE BE5 9T]E/$ 9 ,MALATE/A1 FROM ! TIME ?AT ,I $IT$ ! ANNOTAT$ $ITION ( ,AN>*Y1 ,I HAVE BE5 P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/$ 9 ?IS ASPECT1 AS ,MALATE/A WAS ALMO/ =C$ TO DEAL ) ! PROBLEM ( REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE ?R\<\T HIS ACTIVITY4 

,( C\RSE1 Y\ MU/ GIVE ME SOME CR$IT BECAUSE ,I AM GO+ TO C>RY \T AN 9CISION 9TO ! :OLE BODY ( ,MALATE/A'S ?\<T1 = REASONS ( BO? SPACE & TIME1 & \T ( P]SONAL 9T]E/4 ,MY READ+ ( ,MALATE/A WILL BE ONE ( CONV5I5CE1 SO IT IS EASY TO CRITICIZE ANYBODY ?AT MAKES SU* A *OICE4 ,( C\RSE1 IF WE HAD A COMPREH5SIVE IDEA ( ,MALATE/A'S ?\<T1 WE W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO CUT \T SMALL FRAGM5TS1 PUT !M ON ! DISSECT+ TABLE & HOLD =? AB\T !M4 ,BUT1 ) ALL ! LIMITATIONS ?AT IT 5TAILS1 ?IS OP]ATION C\LD TURN \T TO BE QUITE USEFUL IF WE LET ! WORDS ( ,MALATE/A RES\ND 9 H]E & !Y MAKE S5SE TO US1 IF !Y MOVE SOME?+ 9SIDE US ?AT MAKES !M COME ALIVE1 NOT REMA9 <O/S ( SOME?+ ?AT IS OV] & DONE )1 ?AT DI$ ) ! DEA? ( POOR ,MALATE/A4 

,PLUS1 :5 ,I READ A PASSAGE FROM ,MALATE/A ,I AM NOT LOOK+ AT A /AGE 9 A PHILOSOPH] ( ACTION1 MORE OR LESS--A LOT C\LD BE SAID ON ?AT SUBJECT BUT ?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO DO SO4 ,I AM NOT FAC+ A PIECE WRITT5 BY A PHILOSOPH] & SO ,I HAVE TO REF] TO :AT'S BEH9D IT1 TO ! !ORETICAL F\NDATION ( ! PASSAGE 9 ORD] TO UND]/& IT4 ,:5 READ+ !SE PASSAGES ( ,MALATE/A WE MU/ PUT \RSELVES 9 ! SITUATION ( ?OSE :O READ !M AT ! TIME ?AT !Y W]E WRITT54 ,H[ DID !Y S\ND 9 ! HE>TS & M9DS ( ! COMRADES :O READ !M !N4 ,BECAUSE ! WORK ( ! REVOLUTION>Y1 SO ALSO ( ,MALATE/A1 IS JU/ ?AT3 TO TALK TO COMRADES 9 A GIV5 CONTEXT AT ! MOM5T ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y = ACTION ?AT ! MATT] BE REVEAL$ 9 ITS COMPLEXITY & CL>IFI$1 & ALSO TO MOVE ! LI/5]1 NOT TO SIMPLY 9DOCTR9ATE HIM OR TRY TO 9DOCTR9ATE HIM4 

,!N1 AS ,I SAID1 NOT ONLY AM ,I NOT A HI/ORIAN1 ,I'M NOT A HI/ORICI/ EI!R4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT HI/ORY1 9CLUD+ ,MALATE/A'S WORKS1 CAN $UCATE US4 ,! PROPHETIC ASPECT ( HI/ORY DOES NOT 9T]E/ ME4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT ALL ( ,MALATE/A'S WRIT+S CAN BECOME A PO9T ( REF]5CE = US TODAY4 ,!Y CAN BE AN OPPORTUNITY = READ+1 AN ACCID5T ALONG ! WAY1 !Y CAN PU% US TO REFLECT1 BECOME SOME?+ ACTUAL1 !Y CANNOT BE A CON/ANT PO9T ( REF]5CE4 ,WE >E NEI!R ,*RI/IANS :O READ ! ,BIBLE 9 A C]TA9 WAY1 NOR ,M>XI/S :O READ ,M>X 9 A C]TA9 WAY4 ,I DON'T ?9K SO4 

,SO1 LET ME READ ! FIR/ PASSAGE ( ,MALATE/A4 ,HE IS WRIT+ 9 #a#i#b#a4 ,LOOK AT ALL !SE WRIT+S1 MO/ ( !M >E WRITT5 >\ND ! TW5TIES1 SO WE >E QUITE F> FROM ! TIME ( ,RAVA*OL4 

,AN>*I/S >E AGA9/ VIOL5CE4 ,?IS IS A WELL KN[N FACT4 ,! IDEA AT ! C5T] ( AN>*ISM IS ! ELIM9ATION ( VIOL5CE FROM SOCIETY1 ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS BAS$ ON 9DIVIDUALS' FREE WILL1 )\T ! 9T]V5TION ( ! G5D>ME4 ,SO WE >E 5EMIES ( CAPITAL :I*1 RELY+ ON POLICE PROTECTION1 =CES ! WORK]S TO LET !MSELVES BE EXPLOIT$ BY ?OSE :O HOLD ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 OR EV5 TO REMA9 IDLE & />VE :5 ! BOSSES HAVE NO 9C5TIVE TO EXPLOIT !M4 ,WE >E 5EMIES ( ! ,/ATE1 !RE=E1 :I* IS ! CO]CIVE1 I4E4 VIOL5T1 ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 ,BUT IF A G5TLEMAN SAYS ?AT HE BELIEVES IT IS /UPID & CRUEL TO >GUE ) BL[S & ?AT IT IS UNFAIR & EVIL TO =CE ONE TO DO ! WILL ( ANO!R AT GUNPO9T1 IT IS P]HAPS REASONABLE TO 9F] ?AT ?IS G5TLEMAN WILL LET HIMSELF GET BEAT5 & SUBMIT TO ! WILL ( O!RS )\T RESORT+ TO ! MO/ EXTREME MEANS ( DEF5SE8 444 ,VIOL5CE IS ONLY JU/IFIABLE :5 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DEF5D ONESELF & O!RS AGA9/ VIOL5CE4 ,:]E NE$ 5DS CRIME BEG9S 444 ,! SLAVE IS ALWAYS 9 A /ATE ( LEGITIMATE SELF-DEF5SE & SO HIS VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! BOSS1 AGA9/ ! OPPRESSOR1 IS ALWAYS MORALLY JU/IFIABLE & %\LD ONLY BE ADJU/$ BY ! CRIT]ION ( UTILITY & ECONOMY ( HUMAN EF=T & HUMAN SUFF]+4 7',UMANITA ,NOVA'1 ,AUGU/ #b#e1 #a#i#b#a74 

,! SLAVE IS ALWAYS 9 A /ATE ( LEGITIMATE SELF-DEF5SE1 HE IS ALWAYS 5TITL$ TO ATTACK4 ,ALWAYS4 ,?IS ADV]B OP5S UP AN IMM5SE DISC\RSE4 ,H[EV]1 ,MALATE/A N>R[S D[N ?IS VA/ SUBJECT & SUGGE/S1 AT LEA/ 9 ?IS PASSAGE1 ?AT ! E?ICAL LEGITIMACY ( ANY ACTION ( ATTACK AGA9/ ! CLASS 5EMY IS 9 SOME WAY REGULAT$ BY ! PRACTICAL VALUES ( UTILITY4 ,ACTION MU/ BE USEFUL1 ?AT IS1 IT %\LD CONTRIBUTE TO ALLEVIAT+ REPRESSION1 TO ALLEVIAT+ DOM9ION1 OR AT LEA/ IT MU/ MAKE ! 5EMY SIDE UND]/& ?AT ONE IS NOT 5TIRELY HELPLESS4 

,MALATE/A1 DESPITE BE+ A V]Y KN[L$GEABLE MAN FROM ! PHILOSOPHICAL PO9T ( VIEW WAS NOT1 CONTR>Y TO :AT MANY ?9K1 A FOLL[] ( ECONOMI/IC !ORIES4 ,HE IS NOT BECAUSE HE IS A VOLUNT>I/1 BECAUSE1 AS WE %ALL SEE LAT]1 HE LEAVES A GREAT DEAL ( SPACE TO HUMAN EMOTION1 ! HE>T1 & SOMETIMES MU* LESS TO ! BRA91 TO !ORY4 ,ECONOMISM IS BAS$ ON ,MA*'S !ORY :I* /ATES ?AT NATURE ALWAYS TAKES ! %ORTE/ R\TE1 SO BY EXTRAPOLAT+ ?IS PHILOSOPHICAL & SCI5TIFIC >GUM5T & PLAC+ IT 9 SOCIAL REALITY ACTION %\LD ALSO TAKE ! %ORTE/ R\TE1 I4E4 OBTA9 ! BE/ RESULTS ) ! LEA/ POSSIBLE EF=T4 ,?IS IS NOT ,MALATE/A'S PO9T ( VIEW4 ,DOES HE SUGGE/ UTILITY !N8 ,HE SUGGE/S IT TO R$UCE :AT WE TALK$ AB\T E>LI]1 :I* IF LEFT TO ITSELF W\LD LEAVE OP5 A DOOR )\T LIMITS4 

,IT IS CLE>1 MOREOV]1 ?AT ,MALATE/A IS AW>E ?AT !RE CAN BE NO GU>ANTEE 9 ADVANCE4 ,IF ONE SETS TO ACTION & DECIDES TO GET BACK AT ?OSE :O >E CONT9UALLY MAK+ US SUFF]1 WE CAN EVALUATE EA* ASPECT ( ?IS DECISION1 /RATEGIC1 TACTICAL1 PRACTICAL1 TE*NICAL1 ALL ! CONSEQU5CES1 BUT WE CANNOT GU>ANTEE 9 ABSOLUTE ?AT IT WILL NOT RESULT 9 A *AOTIC SITUATION ) UNPR$ICTABLE CONSEQU5CES1 EV5 9CREASE SUFF]+ OR 9CREASE REPRESSION4 ,EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE ( :AT ONE ORIG9ALLY ?\<T MI<T HAPP54 

,IF WE SEE MANY 9/ANCES ( ATTACK PASS+ BE=E \R EYES1 WE CAN SEE ?AT1 AL?\< !Y />T (F ) GOOD 9T5TIONS !Y (T5 COME TO QUE/IONABLE CONCLUSIONS & NE$ AN EXPLANATION1 :AT COMMONLY GOES BY ! NAME ( 'COMMUNIQUE'1 AN EXPLANATORY COMM5T4 ,WE CAN BE SURE ?AT ! MORE AN EXPLANATION IS NE$$1 ! LESS ! ACTION ( ATTACK ON ! 5EMY IS SUCCESSFUL1 SO WE CAN SAY ?AT ?IS ACTION HAS HAD SOME PROBLEMS 9 ITS IMPLEM5TATION4 ,MALATE/A ASKS HIMSELF ! SAME QUE/IONS & IT IS 9 ?IS S5SE ?AT WE %\LD READ ! PHRASES CONC]N+ ECONOMY & ! USE ( HUMAN =CE TO ATTACK4 

,! SECOND /EP W\LD BE ?IS3 

,!RE >E C]TA9LY O!R PEOPLE1 O!R P>TIES1 O!R S*OOLS AS S9C]ELY DEVOT$ TO ! G5]AL GOOD AS ! BE/ ( US4 ,BUT :AT DI/+UI%ES AN>*I/S FROM ALL ! O!RS IS PRECISELY !IR HORROR ( VIOL5CE1 !IR DESIRE & 9T5TION TO ELIM9ATE VIOL5CE1 I4E4 MAT]IAL =CE1 FROM HUMAN RELATIONS4 

,ONE C\LD !RE=E SAY ?AT ! SPECIFIC IDEA ?AT DI/+UI%ES AN>*I/S IS ! ABOLITION ( ! G5D>ME1 ! EXCLUSION FROM SOCIAL FACTORS ( ! RULE IMPOS$ BY BRUTE =CE1 :E!R LEGAL OR ILLEGAL4 ,BUT !N1 Y\ MI<T ASK1 :Y HAVE AN>*I/S 9 ! PRES5T /RUGGLE AGA9/ POLITICAL & SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 :I* !Y CONSID] OPPRESSIVE1 ADVOCAT$ & PRACTIC$1 & CONT9UE TO ADVOCATE & PRACTICE :5 !Y CAN1 ! USE ( VIOL5T MEANS 9 CLE> CONTRADICTION ) !IR AIMS8 ,SO MU* SO ?AT1 AT C]TA9 TIMES1 MANY OPPON5TS 9 GOOD FAI?1 & ALL :O >E 9 BAD FAI? HAVE BELIEV$1 OR HAVE CLAIM$ TO BELIEVE1 ?AT ! SPECIFIC NATURE ( AN>*ISM IS PRECISELY VIOL5CE8 ,! QUE/ION MAY SEEM EMB>RASS+1 BUT IT CAN BE ANSW]$ 9 A FEW WORDS4 ,9 ORD] = TWO PEOPLE TO LIVE 9 PEACE IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT BO? P>TIES DESIRE PEACE1 BECAUSE IF ONE 9SI/S UPON US+ =CE TO OBLIGE ! O!R TO WORK = HIM & S]VE HIM1 !N ! O!R1 IF HE WANTS TO RETA9 HIS DIGNITY AS A MAN & NOT BE R$UC$ TO ABJECT SLAV]Y1 HE WILL BE OBLIG$1 9 SPITE ( ALL HIS LOVE = PEACE & GOOD AGREEM5T1 TO RESI/ =CE ) ADEQUATE MEANS4 7',P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA'1 #a ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#d74 

,H]E WE %\LD--9 MY OP9ION1 ( C\RSE1 S9CE ! READ+ CAN BE DONE 9 MANY WAYS & ,I DO IT MY WAY--IT IS NECESS>Y TO EMPHASIZE ! CONCEPT ( 'DIGNITY'1 V]Y IMPORTANT4 ,AFT] ALL1 :AT MAKES US AW>E ( \R CONDITION AS EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$8 ,>E WE DRIV5 BY PHYSICAL SUFF]+1 HUNG]8 ,V]Y R>ELY N[4 ,C]TA9LY NOT H]E4 ,( C\RSE !SE >E V]Y P[]FUL SPR+S ?AT PU% ! MO/ BACKW>D /RATA ( SOCIAL REALITY TO F9D \TLETS 9 WAYS ?AT C\LD H>DLY BE SUMM$ UP AS AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS4 ,BUT :AT DO CONSCI\S AN>*I/S1 HAV+ 9T]NALIZ$ ?IS K9D ( SICKNESS CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS1 APPEAL IF NOT TO !IR W\ND$ DIGNITY1 TO !IR DIGNITY AS HUMAN BE+S8 ,:ATEV] CAN PU% AN AN>*I/ TO ATTACK ! 5EMY ?AT (F5DS US F> FROM ! PRIVILEGE ( %>+ ANY ( :AT !Y HAVE PUT US 91 & :I* BASICALLY WE TOL]ATE BECAUSE WE CANNOT DO ANY?+ ELSE8 

,! NEW REPRESSION IS DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! PA/4 ,MALATE/A W\LD SAY !RE IS NO NE$ TO />T %OOT+ 9 ORD] TO RISE UP & ATTACK1 BUT H]E IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( GUNS4 ,! NEW REPRESSION IS QUITE DIFF]5T4 ,IT 9VOLVES US1 DRAWS US 9TO CONS5SUS1 IT MAKES US %>E A SOCIAL REALITY ?AT WE %\LD REJECT BUT CANNOT1 :I* A ?\S& TIES1 ASPECTS1 FROM WORK1 FAMILY1 A MORAL VIEW ( LIFE & ! WORLD WE LIVE 91 =CE US TO ACCEPT4 ,IT IS BECOM+ MORE & MORE DIFFICULT TO REACT AGA9/ ?IS CONDITION BECAUSE IT IS 9CREAS+LY DI/ANT & REMOTE1 ?IS E?ICAL ASSESSM5T ( \RSELVES & \R LIFE1 \R \TLOOK ON LIFE IS EV] MORE 9SCRUTABLE4 

,& ?OSE :O MOVE TO ATTACK OR EV5 SIMPLY EXPRESS !IR DISS5T >E IMM$IATELY PLAC$ UND] A V]Y PRECISE1 9CREAS+LY DETAIL$ BEAM ( ! REPRESSIVE SPOTLI<T4 ,?9K H[ ! CONCEPT ( T]RORISM HAS DEVELOP$ OV] ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S 9 EV] MORE EVANESC5T & OBSCURE WAYS ?AT >E FUR!R & FUR!R FROM ! ACTUAL MEAN+ ( ?IS WORD1 ?IS CONCEPT1 H[ ALL ?AT HAS BE5 DEVELOP+4 ,?9K1 ,I HE>D ?AT 9 SOME HI< S*OOL1 ,I DON'T KN[1 SOME KIDS WROTE A S5T5CE ON ! BLACKBO>D ON ! ,NASSYRIA QUE/ION1 & W]E IMM$IATELY FIL$1 9T]ROGAT$ BY ! POLICE1 & SO ON4 ,?9K AB\T :AT AN ABSURD LEVEL REPRESSION HAS REA*$4 

,! COMRADES ON TRIAL--OR RA!R ?OSE ( US ON TRIAL1 BECAUSE ,I AM ALSO !RE--9 ! ?IRD DEGREE .<( ! ',M>9I TRIAL'.> 9 ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT1 HAVE BE5 S5T5C$ TO LIFE IMPRISONM5T & ?IRTY YE>S1 NOT TO M5TION MY SIX-YE> S5T5CE :I* IS TRIVIAL COMP>$ TO !IRS4 ,!SE >E COMRADES :O >E UND] P[]FUL SPOTLI<TS4 ,AS SOON AS !Y MOVE !Y TRIGG] BO? ! PREV5TIVE ASPECTS ( REPRESSION & ?OSE ?AT FOLL[4 ,?9K AB\T H[ MANY ( US >E CON/ANTLY F9D+ POLICE MICROPHONES 9 \R HOMES1 H[ MANY ( US >E CONT9UALLY =C$ LOOK = & REMOVE !SE OBJECTS1 ONLY TO F9D !M AGA94 ,?9K AB\T H[ MANY ( US HAVE TRIALS GO+ ON AT ?IS MOM5T1 OR IF NOT TRIALS1 HAVE 9VE/IGATIVE PROC$URES PIL+ UP 9 ! V>I\S ATTORNEYS' (FICES4 ,NOT BECAUSE !Y DID SOME K9D ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 BUT BECAUSE WE >E1 P]MIT ME ! IMMODE/Y1 C>RI]S ( A REVOLUTION>Y CONCEPT ?AT DI/URBS1 PROBABLY1 ,I IMAG9E1 DUE TO ITS POT5TIAL1 C]TA9LY NOT ITS OP]ATIONAL EFFECTIV5ESS4 ,BECAUSE ( ITS POT5TIAL 9 ?AT IT IMPLIES ?AT WE >E ABLE TO SUGGE/ ! SEL=GANISATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES :I* IS :AT1 AFT] ALL1 FROM A REPRESSIVE PO9T ( VIEW1 C]TA9LY DI/URBS ! SLEEP ( P[]4 

,BUT BACK TO \R BELOV$ ,MALATE/A4 ,9 ! ?IRD PIECE ?AT WE READ HE WRITES3 

,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ GOV]NM5T IS RESOLV$1 ULTIMATELY1 9 PHYSICAL & MAT]IAL BATTLE4 ,! GOV]NM5T MAKES ! LAW4 ,IT MU/ !RE=E HAVE A MAT]IAL =CE 7>MY & POLICE7 TO 5=CE IT1 BECAUSE O!RWISE ONLY ?OSE :O WANT$ TO W\LD OBEY & IT W\LD NO LONG] BE A LAW BUT A M]E PROPOSAL ?AT EV]YONE IS FREE TO ACCEPT OR REJECT4 ,& GOV]NM5TS HAVE ?IS P[] & USE IT TO =TIFY !IR LAWS ) =CE & DOM9ATION 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 OPPRESS+ & EXPLOIT+ ! WORK]S4 ,! LIMIT ( GOV]NM5T OPPRESSION IS ! =CE ) :I* ! PEOPLE %[ !Y >E ABLE TO OPPOSE IT4 

,CONFLICT MAY BE OP5 OR LAT5T1 BUT !RE IS ALWAYS CONFLICT1 BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T DOES NOT PAY ATT5TION TO DISCONT5T & POPUL> RESI/ANCE UNLESS IT FEELS ! DANG] ( 9SURRECTION4 ,:5 ! PEOPLE MEEKLY SUBMIT TO ! LAW1 OR PROTE/ IS WEAK & PLATONIC1 ! GOV]NM5T DOES :AT IT LIKES REG>DLESS ( ! NE$S ( ! PEOPLE2 :5 PROTE/ GETS LIVELY1 9SI/5T1 ?REAT5+1 ! GOV]NM5T1 ACCORD+ TO H[ 5LI<T5$ IT IS1 EI!R GIVES WAY OR REPRESSES4 ,BUT Y\ ALWAYS COME BACK TO 9SURRECTION1 BECAUSE IF ! GOV]NM5T DOES NOT GIVE WAY1 ! PEOPLE 5D UP REBELL+ & IF ! GOV]NM5T DOES GIVE WAY ! PEOPLE GA9 CONFID5CE & DEM& MORE & MORE1 UNTIL ! 9COMPATIBILITY BETWE5 FRE$OM & AU?ORITY BECOMES EVID5T & VIOL5T CONFLICT ]UPTS4 

,IT IS !RE=E NECESS>Y TO PREP>E MORALLY & MAT]IALLY = ! \TBREAK ( VIOL5T /RUGGLE SO ?AT :5 ?IS DOES HAPP5 VICTORY GOES TO ! PEOPLE4 7,PROGRAM ,AN>*ICA1 ,BOLOGNA1 ,JULY #a#i#b4 ',UMANITA ,NOVA' #ab ,AUGU/ #a#i#b47 

,I DO NOT AGREE ) ! SUB/ANCE ( ,MALATE/A'S DISC\RSE BECAUSE IT CONTA9S A ME*ANISM ?AT ,I DO NOT LIKE4 ,!RE IS ! ME*ANISM ( 9EVITABILITY1 AS ?\< SOME?+ 9 ! PROCESS ( CONFRONTATION W]E ME*ANICALLY DESIGN$ TO MOVE T[>DS ! F9AL CONFRONTATION4 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE SO1 BUT :AT ,I LIKE 9 ,MALATE/A'S ?\<T IS ?AT1 DESPITE ! P]SI/5CE ( ! >*AEOLOGICAL RESIDUAL SO TO SPEAK--:I* = ITS TIME WAS NOT EV5 ?AT--( A ME*ANISM REM9ISC5T ( ! OLD ,HEGELIAN & ,M>XI/ /RUCTURES ( ! MOVEM5T1 !RE IS SOME?+ MORE IMPORTANT1 !RE IS ! VOLUNT>ILY DET]M9$ ACT1 :I* PUTS ! PREP>ATORY PROCESS UND] C>EFUL SCRUT9Y4 ,LOOK1 CONTR>Y TO ONE'S IMPRESSIONS1 TO ONE'S CONVICTIONS1 EV5 ,I1 AT LEA/ )9 C]TA9 LIMITS1 BELIEVE ?AT WE >E NOT LIV+ 9 A TRAGIC MOM5T ( /ASIS BUT ?AT )9 !SE SIL5T WAT]S ( AQUIESCANCE !RE IS ALWAYS SOME?+ MOV+4 ,SOME?+ IS EVOLV+1 NOT BECAUSE ( ! ME*ANISM ,MALATE/A M5TIONS1 BUT 9 A *AOTIC1 UNPR$ICTABLE WAY1 & ?IS SOME?+ MI<T 9 REALITY1 9 AN ALBEIT RE/RICT$ BUT NOT ANATOMICALLY SEP>ATE WAY1 TAKE ! =M ( POPUL> 9SURG5CY4 ,?9K ( ! LITTLE H9TS SU* AS ! 9CR$IBLY SIGNIFICANT MOVEM5T ?AT !RE HAS BE5 REC5TLY 9 ,BASILICATA1 & O!R CASES SU* AS ! WILDCAT /RIKE 9 ,MILAN4 ,LITTLE ?+S1 BUT !Y >E SIGNIFICANT ALL ! SAME4 ,?9K AB\T H[ FRAGILE ?IS MON/R\S GOV]N+ ,/ATE CON/RUCTION ?AT OPPRESSES US CAN BE4 ,I REMEMB]--SORRY IF ,I SPEAK ( MY MEMORIES1 BUT ,I AM OLD SO Y\ NE$ TO HAVE A LITTLE PATI5CE--:5 ,I WAS PICK$ UP BY ! POLICE DUR+ ! /RUGGLES ( ,COMISO .<#a#i#h#b-#a#i#h#c.>1 ,I WAS TAK5 BE=E ! ,PREFECT ( ,RAGUSA1 & HE SAID1 ',WELL1 LADS1 7WE W]E Y\NG AT ! TIME7 :AT DO Y\ WANT TO DO ) ! MILIT>Y BASE1 DO Y\ REALLY WANT TO DE/ROY IT8' ,I REPLI$3 ',ACTUALLY WE'D LIKE TO GO 9SIDE & SMA% EV]Y?+4' ,HE SAID1 ',IF Y\ COME ) ! PEOPLE1 Y\ CAN DO IT1 IF Y\'RE ALONE ,I DO NOT RECOMM5D IT4' ,A MAN ( GOV]NM5T1 A MAN ( ! SY/EM1 ! PREFECT1 WAS GIV+ ME CLE> 9DICATIONS1 ESS5TIAL = ! ,/ATE & P[]4 ,Y\ CANNOT FACE--! DAYS ( ,SCELBA 9 ! SIXTIES W]E LONG GONE--Y\ CANNOT FACE ! PEOPLE 9 REVOLT ) MA*9E GUNS IF !Y >E SIMPLY DEMON/RAT+4 ,! PEOPLE4 ,HOOD$ COMRADES CAN BE DEALT ) ) TRUN*EONS & EV5 ! ODD BULLET1 ?AT IS A FAIRLY WIDESPREAD PRACTICE4 ,! POLICE >E CON/ANTLY ON \R BACKS & ,I REMEMB] A FEW DAYS AFT] ! EV5TS 9 ,G5OA 9 #b#a1 A POLICEMAN :O WAS RAID+ MY HOME 9 ,TRIE/E SAY+3 ',:AT A GREAT TIME WE HAD 9 ,G5OA'4 ,= !M IT'S LIKE GO+ TO /IR UP TR\BLE AT ! FOOTBALL /ADIUM4 ,BUT NOT :5 MASSES ( PEOPLE >E 9VOLV$1 :5 !RE >E *ILDR51 & SO ON4 ,JU/ ?9K1 ) REG>D TO 5=CEM5T ACTIONS1 H[ !SE >E BR\<T TO ! ATT5TION ( PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,?9K ( ! EFFECT ?AT A REPRESSIVE UND]TAK+ AT MASS LEVEL W\LD HAVE ON PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,WE >E GOV]N$ ?R\< ! =MATION ( OP9ION1 ?R\< ! MANAGEM5T ( 9=MATION4 ,SOME?+ ?AT ,B]LUSCONI 7NO1 NOT ,B]LUSCONI1 BECAUSE ,B]LUSCONI DOESN'T UND]/& ANY?+71 BUT FROM HIS COLLABORATORS D[N1 KN[ V]Y WELL4 

,9 MY OP9ION1 IT IS ALWAYS GOOD TO PREP>E = 9SURRECTION AS SOME?+ ?AT IS POSSIBLE4 ,/UDY ME?ODS1 SPECIFICALLY1 ,MALATE/A SUGGE/S4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN GO+ ON ! B>RICADES1 AS IF TO SAY RI<T1 LET'S MAKE ?IS 9SURRECTION1 IT IS NOT AB\T ?AT4 ,IT W\LD NOT BE AN 9SURRECTION 9 ?AT CASE1 IT W\LD ONLY BE A MANIFE/ATION ( DESIRE1 A GE/URE ( HATR$1 RAGE1 :ATEV] Y\ LIKE1 BECAUSE ! CUP IS SO FULL ?AT IT OV]FL[S1 ?IS IS ALL F9E BUT ! ?+ W\LD /ILL BE LIMIT$4 ,! PREP>ATION IS ( A MORAL ORD]--,MALATE/A SAID--& IS ACTUALLY CONCRETE4 ,GIVE Y\RSELF 9/RUM5TS = ?9K+ & ACT+1 ?IS IS :AT ,MALATE/A TELLS US4 

,WE GO TO ! F\R? PIECE4 

,?IS REVOLUTION MU/ NECESS>ILY BE VIOL5T1 EV5 ?\< VIOL5CE IS 9 ITSELF A BAD ?+4 ,IT MU/ BE VIOL5T BECAUSE IT W\LD BE FOLLY TO PUT ONE'S HOPES 9 ! PRIVILEG$ ADMITT+ TO ! DAMAGE & 9JU/ICE ( !IR PRIVILEGES & DECID+ TO GIVE !M UP VOLUNT>ILY4 ,IT MU/ BE VIOL5T BECAUSE TRANSITIONAL REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE IS ! ONLY WAY TO 5D ! GREAT]1 P]PETUAL VIOL5CE UND] :I* ! GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE >E 5SLAV$4 7',UMANITA ,NOVA'1 #ab ,AUGU/ #a#i#b74 

,EV5 H]E ,I MU/ CONFESS ?AT !RE IS A CONCEPT ?AT ,I DON'T AGREE )1 ! CONCEPT ( TRANSI5CE4 ,H]E WE >E )9 ! MA9 BODY--9 MY OP9ION1 P]HAPS ! ,MALATE/IAN SPECIALI/S WILL GIVE ME A TELL+ (F--( ,MALATE/A'S ?\<T4 ,! IDEA ( TRANSITION IS IMPORTANT = ,MALATE/A4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS IS ONE ?AT >ISES & PUTS US 9 A /ATE ( TRANSITION BETWE5 ! OLD SOCIETY ( OPPRESSION & ! NEW FREE SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE4 ,! ME*ANISMS 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS >GUM5T1 :I* ,MALATE/A DREW FROM ! PHILOSOPHICAL-SCI5TIFIC IDEAS ( ! TIME1 ! SCI5TIFIC ME*ANISM ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 9 %ORT MANY ?+S ?AT !RE IS NO NE$ TO DISCUSS N[ ( C\RSE1 >E IMPORTANT 9 ORD] TO UND]/& :Y HE SPEAKS ( A 'TRANSITORY' PHASE4 ,NOT TRANSITORY 9 ! S5SE ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,LET'S BEW>E1 !RE IS NO QUE/ION ( A SITUATION 9 :I* AN>*I/S TAKE & HOLD P[]1 EV5 = A TRANSITIONAL P]IOD1 & OBVI\SLY WE CANNOT ACCUSE ,MALATE/A ( SU* A SPURI\S CONCEPT SO FULL ( TRAGIC MEAN+--BUT DESPITE ALL ?IS HE 9SI/S ON TALK+ AB\T TRANSI5CE4 ,WE N[ KN[ H[ SOCIETY IS BAS$ ON A NUMB] ( !SE TRANSITORY MOVEM5TS1 :]E NO?+ DEF9ITIVE EXI/S4 

,SO VIOL5CE DOES NOT GU>ANTEE ANY?+4 ,IT IS NOT ?AT ! CONCEPT ( REVOLUTION1 HAV+ !SE VIOL5T FEATURES1 IS ABLE TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( ! OPPRESSIVE MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY & TRANS=M IT 9TO SOME?+ AUTONOM\SLY FREE4 ,WE >E NOT LOOK+ AT A GU>ANTEE1 ,I BELIEVE ?AT NO?+ IS C]TA94 ,9 FACT1 :5 ! SPR+ ?AT TRIGG]S ! P>TICIPATION ( EA* ( US GOES (F1 PUTT+ \R LIVES AT /AKE1 !RE IS NO?+ C]TA9 AB\T :AT AWAITS US4 ,ONE ?+ CLE>1 GUYS1 IS ?AT WE >E AN>*I/S1 WE C\LD NEV] BE MON>*I/S OR LIKE ,B]LUSCONI4 ,AN>*ISM IS A DIFF]5T WAY ( BE+1 IT IS NOT A DIFF]5T OP9ION1 IT IS A RADICALLY DIFF]5T CONVICTION4 ,WE >E AN>*I/S BECAUSE WE >E DIFF]5T1 DIFF]5T BECAUSE WE HAVE BECOME CONSCI\S1 BECAUSE DIFF]5T FEEL+S BEAT 9 \R HE>TS4 ,\R ANALYSIS WILL BE ILLUM9AT$ BY ?IS HE>TBEAT1 ?IS CONT9U\S SYN*RONISM ?AT TELLS US3 ',LOOK1 Y\'RE 9 ! WRONG SOCIETY1 & IF Y\ DON'T DO SOME?+ SO ?AT ?IS SOCIETY BECOMES SOME?+ DIFF]5T1 EV5 VAGUELY SO1 EV5 9 P>T1 IF Y\ DON'T DO SOME?+ 9 ?AT S5SE1 Y\'RE %IT4' ,& M>K MY WORDS1 ?IS IS SAID BY EA* ONE ( Y\1 JU/ AS ,I CON/ANTLY SAY IT TO MYSELF1 & ?AT'S ! SPR+1 ! (F5D$ DIGNITY ?AT COMPELS US TO ACT4 ,MALATE/A KNEW ?AT V]Y WELL4 

,I DON'T KN[ IF ?AT IS RI<T OR WRONG 9 ITSELF4 ,BUT :AT >E WE TALK+ AB\T8 ,WE >E TALK+ AB\T ! FACT ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS CAN BE SUMM$ UP AS ! TRANSITIONAL PHASE 9 ! R$I/RIBUTION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,I DON'T KN[ IF ?IS IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT PHASE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,I DON'T KN[ BECAUSE1 FROM :AT ,I CAN UND]/& ( ECONOMY1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION AS !Y HAVE BE5 TRANS=M$ DUR+ ! C\RSE ( CAPITALI/ MANAGEM5T ?AT WE >E ALL 9 UP TO ! EYES1 >E IRRETRIEVABLY LO/ TO US4 ,! FUTURE HAS NO USE = SU* MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,?AT IS MY CONVICTION1 :I* IS QUE/IONABLE GIV5 ?AT IT DES]VES MU* MORE GO+ 9TO4 ,FROM ! EI<TIES ONW>DS CAPITAL HAS BE5 TRANS=M+ ITSELF ) ! ADDITION ( ,I,T PROCESSES 9 SU* A WAY ?AT IT CANNOT BE US$4 ,SO1 9 MY OP9ION1 ! ONLY ROAD IS TO BEG9 TO DE/ROY IT4 ,?IS IS OBVI\SLY JU/ MY [N OP9ION & MI<T NOT BE WOR? MU*4 

,LET'S TALK AB\T ! FIF? PIECE4 

,\R S\LS >E ALSO EMBITT]$ BY ?IS NE$ = VIOL5T /RUGGLE4 ,WE :O PREA* LOVE & >E /RUGGL+ TO REA* A SOCIAL CONDITION :]E H>MONY & LOVE BETWE5 PEOPLE >E POSSIBLE1 SUFF] MORE ?AN ANYBODY BY ! NE$ TO DEF5D \RSELVES ) VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! VIOL5CE ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,H[EV]1 TO R5\NCE LIB]ATORY VIOL5CE :5 IT IS ! ONLY WAY TO PUT AN 5D TO ! UNREMITT+ SUFF]+ ( ! GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE & ! UNTOLD C>NAGE ?AT AFFLICT MANK9D1 W\LD MAKE US RESPONSIBLE = ! HATR$ ?AT WE DEPLORE & ! EVILS ?AT /EM FROM IT4 7',UMANITA ,NOVA'1 #bg ,APRIL #a#i#b74 

,JO9TLY RESPONSIBLE4 ,H]E IS A GLIMPSE ( ANO!R MA9 CONCEPT1 NOT ONLY = ,MALATE/A 9 HIS TIME1 BUT ALSO = US TODAY1 ! CONCEPT ( %>$ RESPONSIBILITY4 

,EV]YBODY IS RESPONSIBLE = !IR [N ACTIONS4 ,:AT DOES %>$ RESPONSIBILITY MEAN8 ,DOES IT MEAN ?AT ,I CRITICIZE ! BEHAVIOR ( A COMRADE1 IF ,I SEE HIM ACT+ FOOLI%LY1 & TELL HIM (F8 ,IS ?IS ! CONCEPT ( %>$ RESPONSIBILITY8 ,IS IT P]HAPS A SUGGE/ION ?AT ,I SP5D MY LIFE LOOK+ AT :AT O!RS >E DO+ & NOT :AT ,I DO MYSELF1 9 MY DAILY MIS]Y8 ,IS ?IS ! CONCEPT ( %>$ RESPONSIBILITY8 ,C]TA9LY NOT1 MY FRI5DS1 BECAUSE EA* P]SON IS RESPONSIBLE = :AT HE OR %E DOES4 ,SO1 IF A COMRADE FEELS ?AT HIS AB/5TION 9 ! ELECTIONS IS AN EFFECTIVE & EFFICI5T WAY ( ACT+ AGA9/ ! CLASS 5EMY1 HE ALONE CAN ASSESS ! M]ITS ( ?IS *OICE1 ( ?IS OP9ION ( HIS4 ,IT CANNOT BE ?AT SOMEONE SAYS TO HIM1 ',NO1 LOOK1 ?AT'S TOO CIRCUMSCRIB$1 Y\ >E LIMIT$1 ELECTORAL AB/5TION IS ONLY A SMALL MANIFE/ATION ( DISS5T1 IT IS NOT SUFFICI5T = US TO BE ABLE TO TALK AB\T REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4' ,?IS CONCEPT SEEMS /RANGE1 BUT IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS V]Y COMMON 9 ! MOVEM5T TO LOOK 9TO ! PLATE ( ! D9] SITT+ NEXT TO US4 ,I HAVE (T5 BE5 ACCUS$ ( HAV+ BLA/$ LEFT & RI<T1 ) ?IS ONE OR ?AT ONE4 ,BUT IF SOMEONE HAS BE5 (F5D$ BY MY REPRIM&S1 HAD HE SE5 !M = :AT !Y ACTUALLY >E HE W\LD REALIZE ?AT IT WAS ALWAYS SAID FROM ! />T3 ',ALL ( ! WORK DONE BY COMRADES AS !Y DECIDE IS EXTREMELY IMORTANT1 9CLUD+ ! WORK ( 9=MATION & CL>IFICATION1 ANY?+'4 ,! ONLY ?+ ?AT ,I DO NOT AGREE ) IS ?AT = ?IS WORK TO BE PUT 9 A BETT] LI<T & SEEM MORE IMPORTANT1 !Y DI/ANCE !SELVES--Y\'LL SEE ?AT ,MALATE/A WILL SAY ! SAME ?+ 9 A MOM5T--& FEEL ! NE$ TO SAY ',WE >E ?IS BUT WE'RE NOT ?AT'4 ,?AT'S :AT MADE ME EXPLODE1 (T5 RECKLESSLY ( C\RSE BECAUSE ! PASSIONS CANNOT BE 5TIRELY *ECK$1 WE >E HUMAN BE+S1 WE >E NOT MA*9ES4 ,EV]YBODY IS FREE TO C>RY \T !IR REVOLUTION>Y TASK AS !Y ?9K BE/ BUT !Y >E NOT1 9 MY OP9ION1 FREE TO PO9T AT :AT SOMEONE ELSE IS DO+1 & SAY3 ',NO1 Y\ DON'T DO ?AT K9D ( /UFF1 ?AT IS NOT AN>*I/4' ,= (T51 ) ?AT SEEM+LY 9NOC5T /ATEM5T Y\ >E GIV+ ! POLICEMAN A %ORTCUT TO ! MA9 /REET ( REPRESSION4 

,ANO!R PIECE ( ,MALATE/A1 :I* IS #a#i#b#c4 

,WE >E AGA9/ VIOL5CE ON PR9CIPLE & SO WE W\LD LIKE ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE1 = AS LONG AS IT EXI/S1 TO BE AS HUMANE AS POSSIBLE4 ,BUT ?AT DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WE WILL NOT /RUGGLE 5]GETICALLY & RADICALLY1 ON ! CONTR>Y WE BELIEVE ?AT HALF MEASURES CAN ACTUALLY 5D UP DRAW+ \T ! /RUGGLE 9DEF9ITELY1 CAN MAKE IT /]ILE & PRODUCE F> MORE VIOL5CE ?AN :I* WE W\LD LIKE TO AVOID4 ,NOR DOES IT MEAN ?AT WE LIMIT ! RI<T ( DEF5SE TO RESI/+ MAT]IAL & IMM95T ATTACK4 ,= US1 ! OPPRESS$ >E ALWAYS 9 A CONDITION ( SELF-DEF5SE & HAVE EV]Y RI<T TO REBEL )\T WAIT+ TO BE %OT AT1 & WE KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT ATTACK IS (T5 ! MO/ EFFECTIVE MEANS ( DEF5SE4 ,BUT H]E !RE IS ALSO A MATT] ( FEEL+S--& = ME FEEL+S C\NT MORE ?AN ALL REASON+4 7',F$E'1 #bh ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#c74 

,MALATE/A TALKS1 & ?IS SPEAKS = ITSELF4 ,H[ MANY >GUM5TS >E FULLY DEVELOP$ !N COLLAPSE BE=E ! FACT ?AT ?OSE :O EXPRESS$ !M LACK ?AT TOTAL P>TICIPATION 9 !IR [N LIVES4 ,! 9VOLVEM5T ( ! HE>T ?AT MAKES ONE'S IDEAS MEAN+FUL1 DRAW+ 9TO !M ! LI<T ( HUMANITY ?AT %\LD BE PRES5T 9 ANY !ORETICAL DEVELOPM5T IF WE WANT IT TO BE MORE ?AN A M]E ACADEMIC EX]CISE4 

,:5 IT COMES TO IT1 9 ORD] TO ACT !RE IS A ?RE%OLD TO OV]COME4 ,LET'S BE CLE> AB\T IT1 ?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT ,I FEEL PHYSICALLY4 ,WE >E SURR\ND$ BY ?RE%OLDS4 ,IF ,I REA* \T MY H& TO T\* MY SI/]'S B>E BREA/ ,I FEEL ?AT !RE IS SOME?+ WRONG1 & ?IS IS A '?RE%OLD'4 ,IF ,I REA* \T MY H& TO TAKE AN OBJECT ?AT IS LY+ ON ! C\NT] ( A JEWEL]'S %OP1 IF--AS HAS HAPP5$ TO ME P]SONALLY1 ,I WAS CONVICT$ ( >M$ ROBB]Y1 SO ,I KN[ V]Y WELL :AT IT MEANS--,I 5T] A JEWEL]'S %OP ) A REVOLV] 9 MY H&1 ,I HAVE TO PASS A ?RE%OLD1 NOT ! ?RE%OLD ( ! JEWEL]'S %OP1 BUT A PSY*OLOGICAL ?RE%OLD 9SIDE ME4 ,I MEAN1 ,I HAVE TO OV]COME A MORAL SPLIT4 

,BASICALLY1 WE HAVE 9T]IORIZ$ RIGID S*EMA4 ,IF ,I SIT D[N 9 MY SEAT AT ! C9EMA & MY >M T\*ES ! P]SON SITT+ NEXT TO ME ,I APOLOGIZE IMM$IATELY BECAUSE ,I FEEL ,I HAVE GONE BEYOND A B>RI] )\T MEAN+ TO1 A ?RE%OLD ?AT WE 9TROJECT$ A LONG TIME AGO1 HUNDR$S ( YE>S AGO1 ?AT =BIDS ME TO T\* ! UNKN[N BODY ( ! P]SON NEXT TO ME1 & IF ,I DO SO ,I MU/ OBVI\SLY APOLOGIZE4 ,!SE ?RE%OLDS >\ND US ALSO PREV5T US FROM ACTUALLY BR++ AB\T :AT WE SAY 9 WORDS 9 \R DAILY LIVES1 ( REALIZ+ :AT WE SAY WE >E CONV9C$ (4 ,IF WE DO NOT GO BEYOND ?IS ?RE%OLD--( C\RSE ,I'M NOT MAK+ A SPEE* 9CIT+ Y\ TO !FT1 ROBB]Y OR 9CE/--WE REMA9 PRISON]S ( ! T9Y LITTLE ?+S 9 \R EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,I'M REF]R+ 9 P>TICUL> TO ! PRECISE ?RE%OLD ?AT SEP>ATES :AT WE SAY FROM :AT WE ACTUALLY >E1 ?AT SEP>ATES :AT WE >E CONV9C$ ( FROM :AT WE ACTUALLY DO1 WANT+ TO BE FROM BE+1 A RELATION%IP ?AT MADE ,HEGEL SPLIT HIS SIDES ) LAU<T]4 ,ONE IS :AT ONE IS1 A TAUTOLOGICAL BANALITY ?AT CAN BE V]Y DIFFICULT TO UND]/&4 ,WE >E :AT WE >E & WANT+ TO BE SOME?+ ELSE CON/ANTLY CAT*ES US \T4 ,WE %\LD NOT BE ANY?+ O!R ?AN :AT WE >E4 ,I'M SAY+ BECOME AW>E & F9ALLY BECOME AN>*I/S1 BECAUSE WE >E AN>*I/S1 BUT ONLY IF WE >E ABLE TO BECOME SU*4 ,I AM ONLY AN AN>*I/ IF ,I AM CAPABLE ( BECOM+ ONE1 IF ,I /RIVE CON/ANTLY TO BECOME AN AN>*I/1 NOT BECAUSE ,I AM AN AN>*I/ ONCE & = ALL & ?AT'S ?AT1 AS ?\< ONE DAY SOMEBODY HAD GIV5 ME AN AN>*I/ LIC5SE4 

,WE >E NE>LY F9I%$1 DON'T WORRY4 

,N[ A QUICK PASS ,MALATE/A1 #a#i#b#d4 

,AN>*I/S >E NOT HYPOCRITES4 ,=CE MU/ BE REJECT$ ) =CE3 TODAY AGA9/ ! OPPRESSION ( TODAY1 TOMORR[ AGA9/ ?AT :I* MI<T REPLACE ?AT ( TODAY4 7',P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA'1 #a ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#d74 

,& ?IS IS REALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT MEANS ?AT ! VIOL5T /RUGGLE DOES NOT 5D ) ! REVOLUTION4 ,! AN>*I/S' /RUGGLE DOES NOT 5D ) ! REVOLUTION4 ,AN>*I/S >E NOT C]TA9 ?AT WE >E GO+ T[>DS A FREE SOCIETY :]E WE WILL F9ALLY ALL BE BRO!RS & 9 :I* !RE W\LD NO LONG] BE ANY PO9T 9 ! WORD AN>*ISM OR AN>*Y1 BECAUSE 9 A FREE SOCIETY1 :]E ALL >E FREE1 :AT W\LD BE ! PO9T ( DEF9+ ONESELF AN>*I/4 

,BUT RA!R1 ,I ?9K WE WILL ALWAYS NE$ TO CALL \RSELVES AN>*I/S & ACT AS AN>*I/S1 BECAUSE ! SO-CALL$ FREE SOCIETY WILL ALWAYS NE$ AN>*I/S1 AS IT MU/ ALWAYS BE PU%$ T[>DS AN IMPROVEM5T ?AT IT WILL NOT A*IEVE BY ITSELF4 

,ANO!R PIECE ON ! ,DIANA AFFAIR4 ,?IS IS ! BOMB ?AT SOME AN>*I/S PLAC$ 9 A ROOM NEXT TO ! ,DIANA !AT]1 CAUS+ ! COLLAPSE ( A WALL & ! DEA?S ( SEV]AL PEOPLE4 

.<,CONC]N+ ! ,DIANA EV5TS.> ,I SAID ?AT ?OSE MURD]]S >E ALSO SA9TS & H]OES2 & ?OSE ( MY FRI5DS :O PROTE/ AGA9/ MY /ATEM5T DO SO 9 HOMAGE TO ?OSE :OM !Y CALL REAL SA9TS & H]OES :O1 APP>5TLY1 NEV] MAKE MI/AKES4 

,I CAN ONLY CONFIRM :AT ,I SAID 444 

,5\< ( SPLITT+ HAIRS4 

,:AT IS IMPORTANT IS TO AVOID CONFUS+ ! ACT ) ! 9T5TIONS1 & 9 CONDEMN+ ! BAD ACT NOT =GET TO DO JU/ICE TO ! GOOD 9T5TIONS4 ,& NOT ONLY \T ( RESPECT = ! TRU?1 OR \T ( COMPASSION1 BUT ALSO = REASONS ( PROPAG&A1 = ! PRACTICAL EFFECTS ?AT \R JUDGM5T CAN LEAD TO4 

,!RE >E1 &1 SO LONG AS ! PRES5T CONDITIONS & ! 5VIRONM5T ( VIOL5CE 9 :I* WE LIVE LA/1 !RE ALWAYS WILL BE G5]\S M51 REBELS :O >E EXTREMELY S5SITIVE BUT LACK SUFFICI5T P[]S ( REFLECTION1 :O 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES GET C>RI$ AWAY BY !IR PASSIONS & /RIKE BL9DLY4 ,IF WE DO NOT OP5LY RECOGNIZE !IR GOOD 9T5TIONS1 IF WE DO NOT MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ]ROR & MALICE1 WE LOSE ALL MORAL 9FLU5CE OV] !M & AB&ON !M TO !IR BL9D IMPULSES4 ,IF1 9/EAD1 WE PAY TRIBUTE TO !IR GOODNESS1 !IR C\RAGE & SPIRIT ( SACRIFICE1 WE CAN REA* !IR M9DS ?R\< !IR HE>TS & 5SURE ?AT ! VALUABLE /OREH\SES ( 5]GY ?AT !Y EMBODY BE US$ = ! CAUSE 9 AN 9TELLIG5T1 GOOD & USEFUL WAY1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! CAUSE4 7',UMANITA ,NOVA'1 #bd ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#a74 

,IT WAS A V]Y DELICATE QUE/ION4 ,?9K1 EV5 ,MALATE/A'S COMPANION HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS 9CID5T4 ,MALATE/A MANIFE/S GREAT COMPOSURE H]E1 )\T EXPOS+ ANYONE1 )\T %\T+ AT ANYONE4 ,AN ISOLAT$ MAN4 ,HAV+ BE5 IMPRISON$ 9 ,SAN ,VITTORE--,I HAVE SE5 ! CELLS :]E ,MALATE/A WAS HELD1 BECAUSE !Y /ILL MAKE ! PRISON]S PASS 9 FRONT ( !SE N[ AB&ON$ HOLES1 LOCAT$ 9 ! OLD P>T ( ! PRISON1 A SORT ( 9ITIATORY /EP TO T]RORIZE !M4 ,!Y >E V]Y L[ CELLS SIMIL> TO ?OSE US$ BY ! ,9QUISITION 9 ,SICILY & W]E CALL$ 'DAMMUSI'4 ,MALATE/A WAS A PRISON] 9 ONE ( !SE CELLS & DESPITE HIS AGE & HIS HEAL? CONDITION DUE TO A HUNG] /RIKE1 HE WAS ABLE TO F9D ! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL POISE TO NOT JUMP UP ) A CONVICTION & TAKE A DI/ANCE FROM ?OSE UND\BT$LY V]Y S]I\S EV5TS4 ,?9K ( SOME ( \R [N MISUND]/&+S NOT TOO LONG AGO1 FOLL[+ ! ACTION ( ,GIANFRANCO ,B]TOLI AGA9/ ! POLICE HEADQU>T]S 9 ,MILAN1 9 #a#i#g#c4 ,DUR+ ! 9AUGURATION ( A MONUM5T TO POLICE SUP]9T5D5T ,CALABRESI1 ! SLAY] ( ,P9ELLI1 ?IS COMRADE1 ,GIANFRANCO ,B]TOLI1 ?REW A BOMB 9TO ! C\RTY>D ( ! POLICE HEADQU>T]S1 ! BOMB IS KICK$ BACK BY A POLICEMAN & KILLS F\R OR FIVE PEOPLE1 W\ND+ ?IRTY4 ,AT ! TIME A FI]CE DEBATE BROKE \T & ,I ALSO 9T]V5$1 NOT TO CONDEMN ! ACTION1 BUT SPEAK+ ( ,B]TOLI & SAY+ ?AT :AT HE SAID AB\T HIMSELF AS DECID$ BY HIS LAWY]1 & PUBLI%$ 9 A SORT ( MEMORIAL BY ! WEEKLY MAGAZ9E ',G5TE'1 FASCI/ MOREOV]1 WAS NOT CONSI/5T )1 WAS CONTR>Y TO ! CONCEPT ( ',/IRN]ITE AN>*I/'4 ,?AT WAS 5\< = ME AT ! TIME1 & ,I AM MAK+ AM5DS N[1 H]E 9 PUBLIC1 = HAV+ JUDG$ ! ACTION ( A COMRADE & NOT TRI$ TO UND]/& HIM1 SOME?+ ?AT ,MALATE/A ON ! O!R H& DID ) F> GREAT] CAPACITY & REVOLUTION>Y 9TELLIG5CE ?AN ME4 ,I MU/ ALSO ADD ?AT HE KNEW ,M>IANI & ! O!RS1 :]EAS ,I DID NOT KN[ ,B]TOLI1 & ?IS MI<T BE AN EXCUSE1 BUT IT IS NOT 5\<4 ,LAT]1 HAV+ GOT TO KN[ HIM BY LETT] & HAV+ C>RI$ ON A CORRESPOND5CE ) HIM = ALMO/ TWO YE>S ,I REALIZ$ ?AT ,I WAS FAC$ ) A WEAK P]SON :O GAVE ME ! GREAT GIFT ( %[+ ME ?AT IT IS NOT ONLY /R5G? ?AT ONE NE$S 9 ORD] TO RISE UP & ATTACK P[]1 EV5 9DIVIDUALLY1 BUT ?AT A WEAK P]SON CAN ALSO DO IT4 

,N[1 IF Y\'LL ALL[ ME1 ,I %ALL READ ?IS LA/ PIECE BY ,MALATE/A1 & WE'RE DONE4 

,?IS PIECE IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS ,MALATE/A'S REPLY TO AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 ',L',AGITAZIONE' BY ,FABBRI4 ,FABBRI'S >TICLE MADE QUITE A F]OCI\S CRITIQUE1 V]Y F]OCI\S 9 FACT1 ( ! ACTION ( ! AN>*I/ ,CZOLGOSZ :O HAD KILL$ ,MC,K9LEY1 PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ) TWO PI/OL %OTS4 

,MC,K9LEY1 HEAD ( ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN OLIG>*Y1 9/RUM5T & DEF5D] ( ! CAPITALI/ GIANTS1 BETRAY] ( ! ,CUBANS & ! ,PHILIPP9OS1 ! MAN :O AU?ORIZ$ ! MASSACRE ( ! /RIK]S ( ,HAZLETON1 ! TORTURE ( ! M9]S 9 ,IDAHO & ! ?\S&S ( 9FAMIES COMMITT$ EV]Y DAY AGA9/ ! WORK]S 9 ! 'MODEL REPUBLIC'1 ! MAN :O 9C>NAT$ ! MILIT>I/IC1 EXPANSIONI/ & IMP]IALI/ POLICIES :I* ! FAT ,AM]ICAN B\RGEOISIE HAVE ADOPT$1 HAS FALL5 F\L ( AN AN>*I/'S REVOLV]4 

,:AT DO Y\ WANT US TO GRIEVE =1 IF NOT = ! FATE 9 /ORE = ! G5]\S-HE>T$ MAN :O1 OPPORTUNELY OR 9OPPORTUNELY1 ) GOOD OR BAD TACTICS1 (F]$ HIMSELF AS A SACRIFICE TO ! CAUSE ( EQUALITY & FRE$OM8 ,WE >E SAY+ AGA91 AS ALWAYS3 BECAUSE VIOL5CE IS ALL >\ND US1 WE >E CALMLY CONT9U+ TO /RUGGLE SO ?AT ?IS DREADFUL NE$ TO RESPOND TO VIOL5CE ) VIOL5CE WILL 5D1 HOP+ ?AT ! DAY WILL SOON COME :5 ! CONFLICT ( 9T]E/S & PASSIONS BETWE5 M5 WILL BE SOLV$ BY HUMAN & CIVIL MEANS4 ,WE HOLD BACK \R TE>S & \R FL[]S = O!R VICTIMS1 NOT ! M5 :O1 PUTT+ !MSELVES AT ! HEAD ( ! EXPLOIT+ & OPPRESS+ CLASSES1 FACE ! RESPONSIBILITY & RISKS ( !IR POSITION4 ,YET !RE HAVE BE5 AN>*I/S :O HAVE F\ND IT CONV5I5T & WELL TO CONDEMN ! OPPRESS$ :O REBELL$1 )\T A WORD ( CONDEMNATION = ! OPPRESSOR :O HAS PAID ! PRICE = ! CRIMES HE COMMITT$ OR ALL[$ TO BE COMMITT$6 ,IS ?IS AN UNHEAL?Y DESIRE TO GA9 ! APPROVAL ( ! ADV]S>Y1 OR IS IT BADLY CON/RU$ 'TACTICS' TO GA9 FRE$OM TO PROPAGATE !IR IDEAS BY VOLUNT>ILY GIV+ UP ! RI<T TO EXPRESS ! G5U9E1 PR(\ND FEEL+S ( ! S\L1 EV5 TO ! PO9T ( FALSIFY+ !SE FEEL+S BY PRET5D+ TO BE O!R ?AN :AT ONE IS8 ,I DO SO ) REGRET1 BUT ,I MU/ EXPRESS ! PA9 & \TRAGE ?AT ! RA% WORDS ?AT ',L',AGITAZIONE' DEVOT$ TO ! ATTACK 9 ,BUFFALO CAUS$ ME & MANY FRI5DS ?AT ,I HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO SEE !SE DAYS4 ',CZOLGOSZ IS IRRESPONSIBLE'--BUT DO !Y KN[ HIM8--',HIS ACT IS A COMMON CRIME ?AT HAS NONE ( ! *>ACT]I/ICS REQUIR$ = SU* AN ACT TO BE CONSID]$ POLITICAL6' ,I BELIEVE ?AT NO PUBLIC PROSECUTOR1 MON>*I/ OR ,REPUBLICAN1 W\LD D>E SAY AS MU*4 ,P]HAPS !RE >E SOME P]SONAL REASONS OR GRIEVANCES = CONDEMN+ ,CZOLGOSZ8 444 ,ALREADY1 IT IS IMPROP] TO SPEAK ( A CRIME 9 SU* CASES4 ,! LAW DOES1 BUT ! LAW IS MADE AGA9/ US1 AGA9/ ! OPPRESS$1 & CANNOT S]VE AS A CRIT]ION 9 \R JUDGM5TS4 ,!SE >E ACTS ( W>1 & IF W> IS A CRIME1 IT CONC]NS ?OSE :O >E ON ! SIDE ( 9JU/ICE & OPPRESSION4 ,! ,5GLI% 9VAD]S ( ! ,TRANSWAAL >E ! CRIM9ALS1 NOT ! ,BO]S :5 !Y DEF5D$ !IR FRE$OM1 EV5 IF !IR DEF5SE HAD NO HOPE ( SUCCESS4 

',CZOLGOSZ'S ACT 7',L',AGITAZIONE' MI<T REPLY7 DID NO?+ = ! CAUSE ( ! WORK]S OR ! REVOLUTION2 ,MC,K9LEY WAS SUCCE$$ BY HIS EQUAL1 ,ROOSEVELT & EV]Y?+ REMA9S UN*ANG$1 EXCEPT ?AT ! SITUATION = ! AN>*I/S HAS BECOME A LITTLE MORE DIFFICULT ?AN BE=E4' ,IT MAY BE ?AT ',L',AGITAZIONE' >E RI<T2 9DE$1 9 ! ,AM]ICAN 5VIRONM5T1 AS F> AS ,I KN[1 ?+S >E PROBABLY LIKE ?AT4 

,?IS MEANS ?AT 9 W> !RE >E MOVES ?AT Y\ GET RI<T & !RE >E WRONG MOVES1 !RE >E C>EFUL COMBATANTS & ?OSE :O GET C>RI$ AWAY ) 5?USIASM & BECOME AN EASY T>GET = ! 5EMY1 POSSIBLY EV5 JEOP>DIZ+ ! POSITION ( !IR COMRADES4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT EA* ONE MU/ ADVISE1 DEF5D & PUT 9TO PRACTICE ! TACTICS ?AT HE BELIEVES >E MORE LIKELY TO A*IEVE VICTORY 9 ! %ORTE/ TIME & ) LEA/ POSSIBLE SACRIFICE2 BUT ?AT CANNOT ALT] ! FUNDAM5TAL OBVI\S FACT ?AT ?OSE :O FI<T1 WELL OR BADLY1 AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY & T[>DS ! SAME GOAL1 IS \R FRI5D & HAS A RI<T1 NOT TO \R UNCONDITIONAL APPROVAL1 BUT TO \R HE>TFELT SYMPA?Y4 

,:E!R ! COMBAT UNIT IS A COLLECTIVITY OR A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL CANNOT *ANGE ! MORAL ASPECT ( ! MATT]4 ,AN >M$ 9SURRECTION C>RI$ \T 9OPPORTUNELY CAN CAUSE REAL OR APP>5T DAMAGE TO ! SOCIAL W> WE >E FI<T+1 AS DOES AN 9DIVIDUAL ATTACK ?AT ANTAGONIZES POPUL> FEEL+S1 BUT IF ! 9SURRECTION IS C>RI$ \T TO CONQU] FRE$OM1 NO AN>*I/ W\LD D5Y IT !IR SYMPA?Y2 ABOVE ALL1 NO ONE WILL D>E D5Y ! DEFEAT$ REBELS !IR P>TICUL> SOCIO-POLITICAL *>ACT]4 ,:Y %\LD IT BE ANY DIFF]5T IF ! 9SURRECTIONI/ IS A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL8 

',L',AGITAZIONE' HAS SAID ?AT /RIK]S >E ALWAYS RI<T1 & IT SAID WELL1 AL?\< IT IS CLE> ?AT NOT ALL /RIKES >E ADVISABLE1 BECAUSE A FAIL$ /RIKE C\LD1 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 LEAD TO DISC\RAGEM5T & DISP]SE ! WORK]S' /R5G?4 ,:Y %\LD :AT IS TRUE 9 ! CASE ( ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BOSSES NOT BE SO 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! RUL]S1 :O ) ! GUN ( ! SOLDI] & ! H&CUFFS ( ! POLICE WANT TO 5?RALL$ US TO !M & ! CAPITALI/S8 ,?IS IS NOT A DISCUSSION AB\T TACTICS4 ,IF ?AT W]E SO1 ,I W\LD SAY ?AT G5]ALLY SPEAK+ ,I PREF] COLLECTIVE ACTION TO 9DIVIDUAL ACTION1 BECAUSE COLLECTIVE ACTION REQUIRES FAIRLY COMMON AV]AGE QUALITIES1 :I* >E EASY TO F9D1 :]EAS WE CANNOT C\NT ON H]OISM1 :I* IS EXCEPTIONAL & ( A SPORADIC NATURE REQUIR+ 9DIVIDUAL SACRIFICE4 ,H]E IT IS A MATT] ( A HI<] ORD]3 IT IS A QUE/ION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT1 ( ! ALMO/ 9/9CTIVE FEEL+ ( HATR$ ( OPPRESSION1 )\T :I* ANY PROGRAM1 NO MATT] H[ LIB]T>IAN ! /AT$ PROPOSALS >E1 REMA9S DEAD LETT]S2 IT IS A QUE/ION ( ?AT COMBATIVE SPIRIT1 )\T :I* EV5 AN>*I/S BECOME DOME/ICAT$ & 5D UP1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 9 ! QUAGMIRE ( LEGALIT>IANISM 444 ,IT IS FOOLI%1 9 ORD] TO SAVE A LIFE1 TO DE/ROY ! V]Y REASON = LIV+4 ,:AT IS ! PO9T ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS IF Y\ LET ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT DIE8 ,:AT IS ! PO9T ( FRE$OM ( PROPAG&A1 IF Y\ NO LONG] PROPAGATE Y\R IDEAS 4448 7',L',AGITAZIONE'1 #bb ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#a7 

,I CAN'T F9D WORDS TO 5D FITT+LY AFT] READ+ !SE L9ES BY ,MALATE/A4 ,I SEE 9 !M A RADICAL CONTRIBUTION TO ! FACT ?AT WE CANNOT %>E ANY?+ ) \R 5EMY4 ,WE LIVE 9 A REALITY :]E WE %>E ALMO/ EV]Y?+ ) \R 5EMY1 WE %>E SO MU* & SO DEEPLY ?AT WE EV5 SPEAK ! SAME LANGUAGE4 ,LANGUAGE EMBODIES ALL ( US & MAKES US SIMIL> TO ! 5EMY ?AT OPPRESSES US BECAUSE WE >E OBLIG$ TO ?9K ! SAME WAY4 ,?AT IS1 :5 WE LOOK AT A NEWSPAP] ?AT TALKS AB\T :AT WE >E DO+1 OR MORE (T5 :AT ! $ITOR IMAG9ES WE >E AB\T TO DO1 & WE TRY TO F9D SOME CONT5T1 MEAN+1 :ATEV] IT IS1 WE >E ON ! WRONG TRACK BECAUSE ! 5EMY CANNOT SPEAK ( US 9 A WAY ?AT IS NOT CONG5IAL TO HIM1 ?AT IS NOT MEAN+FUL TO HIM & = HIM4 

,9 MY OP9ION WE %\LD />T REALIZ+ ?AT WE NE$ A DIFF]5T LOGIC4 ,Y\ CANNOT BE A REVOLUTION>Y & TALK & ?9K LIKE A POLICEMAN4 ,WORDS HAVE !IR LIMIT4 ,IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT WE MANAGE TO SAY EV]Y?+ ?AT WE ?9K 9 WORDS4 ,(T51 ?R\< WORDS1 WE >E CAPABLE ( HID+ :AT WE >E ?9K+ 9 ! MO/ OCCULT WAY4 ,!SE >E NOT MY WORDS1 !Y >E ! WORDS ( ,NIETZS*E1 ) :I* HE MANAG$ TO GIVE US AN IMPORTANT 9DICATION ON ?IS PO9T ?AT IS SO SUBTLE AS TO REALLY OP5 UP ! WAY ( ! FUTURE4 ,! FUTURE WILL BE ALWAYS MORE M>K$ BY A CONTRA/ ( ! MANAGEM5T NOT ONLY ( ACTIONS1 !RE=E NEWS1 BUT ALSO CONCEPTS ( :AT WE MANAGE TO UD]/& ( REALITY4 ,& = AS LONG AS WE CLAIM TO USE WORDS1 AS LONG AS WE CLAIM ?AT ! WORD TRANSLATES \R ?\<TS OBJECTIVELY & ?IS CLAIM REMA9S ID5TICAL TO ?AT ( \R OPPRESSOR1 WE >E ON ! WRONG TRACK4 

,H]E ,MALATE/A GIVES US A SMALL 9DICATION4 ,( C\RSE ?IS HAPP5$ A C5TURY AGO1 BUT HE GIVES ?IS 9DICATION SAY+1 ',!RE CAN BE NO ACCEPTATION ( :AT P[] SAYS'4 ,LET'S BE C>EFUL1 BECAUSE IF WE WANT P[] TO LIKE US1 IF WE WANT TO MUZZLE :AT WE SAY1 :AT WE >E DO+1 SO ?AT P[] GIVES US SOME SPACE & ALL[S US TO CONT9UE ?IS SAY+ & DO+1 WE >E ON ! WRONG TRACK4 

,:AT DOES ?IS CONCEPT MEAN !N8 ,& ?IS V]Y MEET+ IS NO EXCEPTION1 :AT ,I AM SAY+ N[ DOES NOT ESCAPE ?IS RULE4 ,I AM TALK+4 ,:Y DID ,I PREF] TO TALK TO Y\ & NOT READ \T MY WRITT5 9T]V5TION8 ,BECAUSE 9 ! WRITT5 9T]V5TION ,I ILLUDE MYSELF ?AT ,I HAVE MANAG$ TO WRITE SOME?+ ?AT ,I AGREE )1 9 A S5SE4 ,BUT H[ MU* HAVE ,I HIDD5 ( :AT ,I ACTUALLY C\LD HAVE SAID & NOT WANT$ TO SAY8 ,?IS DANG] IS R$UC$ ?R\< ! SPOK5 WORD BECAUSE !RE IS RECIPROCAL COMMUNICATIVITY1 IMPULSE1 A FEEL+ ?AT WE TRY TO PASS FROM ! ONE TO ! O!R :5 WE %AKE H&S1 :5 WE EMBRACE EA* O!R4 ,& ?IS IS ! MO/ MEAN+FUL MOM5T ( ! GREAT AN>*ICALLY VALID T5SION BETWE5 COMRADES ?AT MAKES US FEEL CLOSE1 F> BEYOND :AT WE >E ABLE TO WRITE OR !ORIZE ON A PIECE ( PAP]4 

,I'D LIKE TO LEAVE Y\ H]E & ?ANK Y\ = Y\R ATT5TION4 

.<#a.> ,MALATE/A1 ,HIS ,LIFE & ,IDEAS1 COMPIL$ & $IT$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 ,LONDON #a#i#h#d4 ,! EXTRACTS PUBLI%$ H]E CAN BE F\ND 9 ?IS VOLUME1 ALONG ) MANY O!R ( ,MALATE/A'S WRIT+S4 

.<#b.> ,ON ,M>* #bc #aiba A P[]FUL BOMB 9T5D$ TO KILL ! ,MILAN ,POLICE ,*IEF1 ,GA/I1 EXPLOD$ \TSIDE ! ,DIANA ,!AT] 9 ,MILAN4 #ba PEOPLE W]E KILL$ & OV] #ae 9JUR$4 ,! BOMB+ WAS C>RI$ \T BY A NUMB] ( AN>*I/S MOTIVAT$ BY ! UNFAIR DET5TION ( ! ?REE AN>*I/ COMRADES $ITORS ( ,UMANITA ,NOVA1 ,BOR<I1 ,MALATE/A & ,QUAGL9O4 ,AMONG ?OSE ACCUS$ W]E ,GIUSEPPE ,M>IANI @& ,GIUSEPPE ,BOLDR9I :O GOT LIFE S5T5CES1 @& ,ETTORE ,AGUGG9I 7:O DI$ 9 PRISON72 ALSO IMPLICAT$ W]E ,UGO ,F$ELI1 ,PIETRO ,BRUZZI1 @& ,FRANCESCO ,<EZZI 7$ITORS ( 0,L',9DIVIDUALI/A074 

.<#c.> ,9 #a#i#g#c1 ,GIANFRANCO ,B]TOLI ?REW A GR5ADE 9TO ! C\RTY>D ( ! ,MILAN POLICE HEADQU>T]S ON ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! KILL+ ( POLICE SUP]9T5D5 ,LUIGI ,CALABRESI1 RESPONSIBLE = ! MURD] ( AN>*I/ COMRADE ,GIUSEPPE ,P9ELLI4 ,A POLICEMAN KICK$ ! BOMB \T ON TO ! PAVEM5T :]E PEOPLE W]E QUEU+ UP = ADM9I/RATIVE PURPOSES4 ,F\R W]E KILL$1 #de 9JUR$4 ,B]TOLI IMM$IATELY DECL>$ HIMSELF AN AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALI/1 FOLL[] ( ,MAX ,/IRN]4 ,HIS ACT WAS CONDEMN$ BY ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS A :OLE & !RE W]E RUMORS ?AT HE HAD COLLABORAT$ ) ! ,ITALIAN SECRET S]VICES 9 ! #a#i#eS4 ,9 #aige HE WAS S5T5C$ TO LIFE IMPRISONM5T4 ,ACCEPT+ HIS BLAME = ! ATTACK1 DUR+ HIS IMPRISONM5T1 HE COLLABORAT$ ) ,A_/,RIVI/A ,AN>*ICA1 :I* PUBLI%$ HIS >TICLES ON ! PRISON SITUATION4 ,A NUMB] ( COLLECTIONS ( HIS >TICLES W]E ALSO PUBLI%$4 ,! CORRESPOND5CE REF]R$ TO H]E WAS PUBLI%$ BY ,$IZIONI ,AN>*ISMO AFT] HIS DEA? 9 #b1 A VOLUME ( #dh PAGES 5TITL$ ,GIANFRANCO ,B]TOLI1 ,ALFR$O ,BONANNO1 ,C>TEGGIO #a#i#i#h-#b4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,DECEMB] #a1 #bb 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,VIOL5CE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,VIOL5CE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/