,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #d 
,! ,NOSOTROS ,GR\P ,FACES ! ,C,N,T & ! ,REPUBLIC 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,V4 ,! ,NOSOTROS GR\P FACES ! ,C,N,T & ! ,REPUBLIC 

  

,! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I BO? CALL$ MEET+S TO DECIDE H[ TO RESPOND TO ! RE/RICTIVE POLICY ?AT ! NEW ,CATALANI/ LEAD]S W\LD SURELY TRY TO IMPOSE ON !M4 

,SPEE*ES & /ATEM5TS ?AT ,MACIA MADE AFT] ! ,MAY ,DAY TRAG$Y 9DICAT$ ?AT HE WAS AFRAID ( FALL+ \T ) ! ,C,N,T WORK]S & HOP$ ?AT !Y W\LD HELP HIM PASS ! ,CATALAN ,AUTONOMY ,/ATUTE 9 ! REF]5DUM DUE TO BE HELD %ORTLY4 ,ALSO1 SOME MILITANTS SUPPORT$ A 0TRUCE0 & ?\<T ?AT ! ,C,N,T %\LD GIVE ! ,CATALAN POLITICIANS AN OPPORTUNITY TO EX]CISE !IR NEW P[] 9 PEACE3 9 O!R WORDS1 !Y WANT$ ! ,C,N,T TO /RIKE A DEAL ) ! GOV]N+ ,CATALANI/S4 ,O!RS C\NT]$ ?AT AU?ORITIES W\LD SEE ANY EXPRESSION ( GOOD WILL AS A SIGN ( ,C,N,T WEAKNESS & A DISAV[AL ( ! AN>*I/ GR\PS :O F\<T ) ! POLICE4 ,IT W\LD SUGGE/ A RUPTURE BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 :I* ! POLITICIANS W\LD TAKE AS A 0GRE5 LI<T0 TO ACT AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S4 ,FUR!RMORE1 SU* AN 5T5TE IMPLI$ COMPROMISES & ?OSE COMPROMISES W\LD EMPTY ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T ( ITS AN>*O-SYNDICALISM & MAKE IT AN APP5DIX ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 

,9 ESS5CE1 !RE W]E =CES )9 ! ,C,N,T ?AT FRAM$ EV5TS 9 DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ WAYS4 ,?IS BECAME CLE> AT ! ,C,N,T'S MEET+4 ,9 FACT1 ! PROBLEMS W]E SO DEEPLY ROOT$ ?AT EV]YONE ?\<T ! ORGANIZATION MI<T HAVE TO SPLIT4 ,IT W\LD BE DISA/R\S = SU* A S*ISM TO OCCUR :ILE ! ,C,N,T WAS TRY+ TO REBUILD ITSELF4 ,ALSO1 ?IS W\LD /OP IT FROM RESPOND+ CLE>LY TO ! TRANSP>5T AIMS ( ! NEW ,M9I/] ( LABOR1 ,FRANCISCO ,L>GO ,CABALL]O4 ,HIS GOAL WAS TO UND]M9E ! ,C,N,T BY PROMULGAT+ LAWS DESIGNAT$ TO M$IATE & REGULATE CLASS CONFLICT 7= EXAMPLE1 US+ ,MIX$ ,JURIES TO PREV5T /RIKES & REQUIR+ EI<T DAYS NOTICE BE=E !Y C\LD OCCUR74 ,! ,C,N,T C\LD NOT BACK D[N AGA9/ ! RE=MI/S2 ?AT W\LD MEAN R5\NC+ ITS AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ CONT5T & ALL[+ ITS 9TEGRATION 9TO ! /ATE4 ,! ,C,N,T NE$$ TO ADVANCE A CONCRETE1 COH]5T1 & DECISIVE POSITION AGA9/ ! NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,! MILITANTS KNEW ?AT !Y W]E FAC+ A CRUCIAL JUNCTURE1 & ! LOOM+ ?REAT ( DIVISION MADE !IR DISCUSSIONS P>TICUL>LY T5SE4 ,! ,C,N,T'S 9T]NAL UNITY WAS CLE>LY V]Y FRAGILE4 ,?OSE PRES5T AT ! ,C,N,T MEET+ DID !IR BE/ TO RECONCILE ! CONTRADICTORY P]SPECTIVES & R$UCE ! DANG]S ( A SPLIT4 ,ULTIMATELY !Y DECID$ TO REF] MATT]S TO A ,C,N,T ,CONGRESS1 :]E !Y C\LD DEF9E A RESPONSE TO ! NEW POLITICAL CONDITIONS CREAT$ BY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,! AN>*I/ GR\PS ALSO MET & HAD SIMIL> CONC]NS AS WELL4 ,B>CELONA'S ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,GR\PS HAD CALL$ ! MEET+ & DELEGATES FROM MORE ?AN ?IRTY GR\PS ATT5D$4 ,MANY MILITANTS HAD JO9$ ! MOVEM5T DUR+ ! DIFFICULT YE>S ( DICTATOR%IP2 SOME HAD 5T]$ ?R\< ! UNIONS & O!RS ?R\< ! CULTURAL C5T]S1 AT5EOS1 & LIT]>Y ASSOCIATIONS4 

,! ,C,N,T'S REAPPE>ANCE 9 #a#i#c1 & ! NEW DISCUSSIONS )9 IT1 WAS A CALL TO ACTION = SOME & A R5EWAL ( COMMITM5T = O!RS4 ,! ,F,A,I WAS Y\NG] & MORE DYNAMIC1 & HAD GREAT] !ORETICAL COH]5CE ?AN DUR+ ! UND]GR\ND YE>S4 

,!RE W]E MANY NEW FACES = ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS AT ! MEET+4 ,9DE$1 :5 ! GR\PS ANN\NC$ !IR PRES5CE BY /AT+ !IR NAMES 7AS WAS CU/OM>Y71 ! ,SOLID>IOS W]E SURPRIS$ TO LE>N ?AT 0ONE ( ! REC5TLY CREAT$ GR\PS HAD SELECT$ ' ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS' AS ITS APPELLATION4 ,! M5 FROM ! OLD GR\P DIDN'T SAY ANY?+ AB\T ! ISSUE2 !RE WAS NO PAT5T ON ! NAME &1 BESIDES1 ?AT WASN'T :AT MATT]$40 .<#b#f#i.> 

,AS A :OLE1 ?OSE PRES5T BELIEV$ ?AT IF ! ,F,A,I LET ! ,C,N,T GIVE 9 TO ! ,CATALAN POLITICIANS' BLACKMAIL--! PROVOCATION WAS CLE>--!N ! ,C,N,T'S MOD]ATE FACTION W\LD SUCCE$ 9 ]AS+ ! AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,C,N,T &1 ACCORD+LY1 ISOLATE ! AN>*I/S FROM ! WORK]S4 ,?IS W\LD PROMPT ! ,C,N,T TO ACCOMMODATE ITSELF TO ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S LABOR LEGISLATION & 9TEGRATE ITSELF 9TO ! /ATE4 ,! SOCIAL REVOLUTION W\LD BE DEF]R$ 9DEF9ITELY4 ,! EX- ,SOLID>IOS--:O W]E N[ ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P-->TICULAT$ AN IMPORTANT RESPONSE TO ! DILEMMA4 ,!Y >GU$ ?AT ,L>GO ,CABALL]O W\LD BE UNABLE TO PREV5T ! RADICALIZATION ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 BECAUSE NEI!R ! B\RGEOISIE NOR ! /ATE WAS CAPABLE ( 9/ITUT+ HIS RE=MS1 DUE TO ! B\RGEOISIE'S BACKW>DNESS & ,SPA9'S LACK ( 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,BUT1 :ILE ! RE=MI/S HAD NO *ANCE ( SUCCESS1 ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T C\LD TRY TO SUPPRESS WORK] DISCONT5T1 IF ! /ATE TO GREW /RONG]4 ,H]E ! EXP]I5CE ( ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S TYRANNY WAS 9/RUCTIVE3 SU* A /R5G!N+ ( ! ,REPUBLICAN /ATE W\LD BE AN UNMI/AKABLE SETBACK = ! REVOLUTION4 ,9 SU* CONDITIONS--!Y SAID--IT IS IMP]ATIVE TO PREV5T ! ,REPUBLICAN /ATE FROM =TIFY+ ITSELF &1 TO DO SO1 !Y MU/ MA9TA9 A /ATE ( CON/ANT PRE-REVOLUTION>Y F]M5T BY PRACTIC+ :AT ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P CALL$ 0REVOLUTION>Y GYMNA/ICS40 ,! ,C,N,T W\LD BE ! REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D ( ! POLITICAL & SOCIAL /RUGGLE 9 ?IS PROCESS4 ,?R\< P]PETUAL 0REVOLUTION>Y GYMNA/ICS10 WORK]S & PEASANTS WILL MAKE CONTACT ) REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & !IR PRACTICE WILL %APE !IR !ORY4 ,IT WILL BE A DIALECTICAL GIVE & TAKE 9 :I* !ORY & PRACTICE 9=M ONE ANO!R4 ,OB/ACLES WILL DISAPPE>1 ! SACR$ 0TRU?S0 ( B\RGEOISIE IDEOLOGY WILL %ATT]1 & TABOOS WILL DISSIPATE4 ,WORK]S WILL />T TO 5VISION ! FUTURE SOCIETY & ASSIMILATE ?AT VISION 9TO !IR BE+S AS A TANGIBLE1 ACCESSIBLE REALITY4 

,! AN>*I/ GR\PS W]E NOT 9DIFF]5T TO ! POSSIBILITY ( A SPLIT )9 ! ,C,N,T1 BUT !Y HAD A DIFF]5T RESPONSE TO ! ?REAT ?AN ! ,C,N,T ACTIVI/S4 ,!Y BELIEV$ ?AT AN ORGANIZATION HAS TO HAVE A COH]5T P]SPECTIVE = ITS PRACTICE TO BE COH]5T4 ,IF !RE >E DIVISIONS )9 ! ORGANIZATION1 & T5D5CIES PULL+ 9 CONTRADICTORY DIRECTIONS1 !N ?OSE T5D5CIES WILL C\NT]ACT ONE ANO!R & R5D] ! ORGANIZATION 9]T4 ,IF !RE IS NO O!R SOLUTION--IF A SPLIT HAS TO OCCUR = ! SAKE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS--!N AT LEA/ IT %\LD TAKE PLACE 9 A WAY ?AT CAUSES M9IMAL DISRUPTION4 .<#b#g.> 

,RESPOND+ TO RANK & FILE PRESSURE1 ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE CALL$ A ,CONGRESS--! ,C,N,T'S ?IRD--:I* IT S*$ULE = ,JUNE #a#i#c#a4 ,! ,F,A,I CALL$ AN AN>*I/ CONF]5CE = ! SAME DATES & BO? EV5TS TOOK PLACE 9 ,MADRID4 ,DUR+ ! TIME1 ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I MILITANTS W]E SO 9T5SELY ACTIVE ?AT EV]Y SP>E MOM5T SEEM$ TO BE OCCUPI$ BY MEET+S4 ,?IS WAS P>TICUL>LY TRUE = ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 & ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 :O NOT ONLY HAD TO ATT5D TO NORMAL ACTIVI/ RESPONSIBILITIES BUT ALSO SPOKE FREQU5TLY AT RALLIES & MEET+S4 ,9DE$1 ! PRES5CE ( !SE ?REE COMRADES ON A RO/RUM WAS 5\< TO GU>ANTEE A RALLY'S SUCCESS1 :I* IS :Y !Y W]E ASK$ TO SPEAK ALL OV] ,SPA9 & TRAVEL$ CON/ANTLY4 ,IF WE ALSO RECALL ?AT EA* ONE HAD TO WORK 9 A FACTORY TO E>N HIS BREAD & SUPPORT HIS FAMILY1 IT IS EASY TO IMAG9E :AT !IR LIVES W]E LIKE4 ,EMILI5NE ,MOR9 /ATES ?AT 0,I DIDN'T SEE ,DURRUTI = 5TIRE WEEKS1 AS HE W5T FROM MEET+S DIRECTLY TO WORK40 .<#b#g#a.> ,:ILE ! ,C,N,T WAS TRY+ TO RESOLVE ITS 9T]NAL DISAGREEM5TS & PREP>E = ITS ,?IRD ,CONGRESS1 ! PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T ANXI\SLY WAT*$ OV] IT1 HOP+ ?AT ! ,CONF$]ATION W\LD ADMIT ITS LEGITIMACY4 ,! GOV]NM5T ALSO HAD TO RESOLVE ! ,CATALAN QUE/ION RAIS$ BY ,MACIA4 ,! NEW LEAD]S 9 ,MADRID1 P>TICUL>LY ,MIGUEL ,MAURA1 C\LD NOT ACCEPT ! ASSAULT ON ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T'S P[] REPRES5T$ BY ,MACIA'S ABRUPT DECL>ATION ( ,CATALAN AUTONOMY4 ,AL?\< !Y KNEW ?AT !Y W\LD 9EVITABLY HAVE TO ACCEPT SOME DEGREE ( ,CATALAN 9DEP5D5CE1 !Y WANT$ TO DO SO ?R\< E/ABLI%$ LEGAL & CON/ITUTIONAL PROCESSES & NOT BE =C$ TO ACCEPT IT 9 ,FRANCESC ,MACIA'S 0GU]RILLA0 /YLE4 ,! GOV]NM5T DISPAT*$ SEV]AL M9I/]S TO ,B>CELONA TO TRY TO CONV9CE ,MACIA TO UTILIZE ! SANCTION$ ME*ANISMS4 ,HE DIDN'T AGREE1 & SO !Y TRI$ TO F9D A MODUS VIV5DI ?AT C\LD 5DURE UNTIL ,CATALONIA'S AUTONOMY WAS =MALLY 9/ITUT$ 9 ! #aicb REF]5DUM4 

,9 ADDITION TO ! ,MACIA DILEMMA1 ! GOV]NM5T ALSO HAD TO ADDRESS PROBLEMS CREAT$ BY A V]Y DIFF]5T MAN3 ,MR4 ,P$RO ,SEGURA1 ! ,C>D9AL ,PRIMATE ( ,SPA91 :OM ,MIGUEL ,MAURA DESCRIB$ AS A 0GU]RILLA ( ,*RI/ ! ,K+40 .<#b#g#b.> ,ON ,MAY #a1 ,C>D9AL ,SEGURA RELEAS$ A PA/ORAL LETT] TO ! CL]GY & FAI?FUL ( ! ,TOL$O >*BI%OPRIC ?AT DISCUSS$ 0! C\NTRY'S S]I\S PROBLEMS40 ,! LETT] WAS EXT5SIVE & :AT 9T]E/S US IS ITS POLITICAL P>T1 T[>D ! 5D1 9 :I* HE REM9D$ ! DEVOTEES ( !IR OBLIGATIONS 9 ! NEXT ,P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS 7:I* ! PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T HAD S*$UL$ = ,JUNE & :I* W\LD BE A DECISIVE /EP 9 ! CONFIGURATION ( ! NEW ,REPUBLIC74 0,9 ! PRES5T CIRCUM/ANCES10 ,SEGURA WROTE1 0IT IS IMP]ATIVE ?AT ,CA?OLICS 444 COME TOGE!R 9 A S]I\S & EFFECTIVE WAY TO SECURE ! ELECTION ( C&IDATES TO ! ,P>LIAM5T ?AT WILL DEF5D ! RI<TS ( ! ,*UR* & ! SOCIAL ORD]40 .<#b#g#c.> ,?IS AM\NT$ TO A DECL>ATION ( W> ON ! NEW REGIME4 ,C>D9AL ,SEGURA BECAME A TRUE BOSS ( P>TY POLITICS & CON/ANTLY CALL$ = RESI/ANCE TO ANY GOV]NM5T MEASURE ?AT MI<T 0UND]M9E ! HI/ORIC F\NDATIONS ( ! NATION40 ,AMONG HIS SUGGE/IONS1 HE URG$ HIS FOLL[]S TO )DRAW ALL ECONOMIC SUPPORT FROM ! REGIME4 ,NATIONAL ,ACTION WAS SE5 AS ,C>D9AL ,SEGURA'S P>TY & ITS FIR/ PUBLIC ACT ON ,MAY #a 9CIT$ PEOPLE TO SET FIRE TO #ae *UR*ES & CONV5TS ?R\<\T ,SPA94 ,ACCORD+ TO ,MAURA1 ! EV5TS 9 ,MADRID OCCURR$ LIKE ?IS3  
  

,! CR[D GA!R$ ON ,ALCALA ,/REET1 BETWE5 LA ,CIBELES & ,9DEP5D5CIA ,PLAZA1 9 FRONT ( ! ,BAIL5 ,PALACE1 HURL+ 9SULTS & ?REATS4 ,A POLICE TRUCK WAIT$ = ,I DON'T KN[ :AT 9 FRONT ( ONE ( ! BUILD+'S TI<TLY SEAL$ DOORS4 ,SOME 9FANTRY SECURITY GU>DS & O!RS ON HORSEBACK SURR\ND$ ! DEMON/RATORS1 )\T MAK+ ! SLI<TE/ ATTEMPT TO USE !IR WEAPONS1 OR EV5 !IR BODIES & HORSES1 TO CLE> ! /REETS4 

,I APPROA*$ ON FOOT & ASK$ ! LEAD] ( ! =CE AB\T ! CAUSE ( ! DI/URBANCE4 

,I F\ND \T ?AT 9 ! MORN+ SOME MON>*I/ Y\?S HAD ASSEMBL$ ON ! BUILD+'S ?IRD FLOOR1 :I* WAS APP>5TLY ! P>TY'S NEW C5T]4 ,:5 ! PUBLIC WAS RETURN+ FROM A CONC]T 9 ! ,RETIRO--& :5 !RE WAS ! MO/ PEOPLE PASS+ BY--! ILL-ADVIS$ Y\NG M5 PLAC$ A GRAMOPHONE 9 ! W9D[ & PLAY$ ! ,ROYAL ,M>* ?R\< AN AMPLIFI]4 

,! PUBLIC HAD CONT9U$ TO /OP 9 FRONT ( ! BUILD+ & SOON !RE WAS A SIZABLE1 HO/ILE CR[D !RE4 ,!Y REPEAT$LY TRI$ TO =CE OP5 ! BUILD+'S DOOR1 BUT IT HAD BE5 %UT FROM 9SIDE4 ,!Y %\T$1 DEM&+ ?AT ?OSE 9SIDE OP5 ! DOOR1 SO ?AT !Y C\LD TEA* !M A LESSON4 ,! GU>DS1 CALL$ BY TELEPHONE FROM )9 ! BUILD+1 CAME TO PREV5T AN ATTACK ON ! PREMISES4.<#b#g#d.>  
  

,MAURA SAYS ?AT HE DIDN'T KN[ :AT TO DO & ?US RETURN$ TO ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY & SPOKE ) ! ,G5]AL ,DIRECTOR ( ,SECURITY1 ,G5]AL ,C>LOS ,BLANCO1 :O HAD BE5 APPO9T$ TO HIS PO/ AT ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA'S REQUE/4 ,?IS (FIC] 0NEI!R SUPPORT$ ! ,REPUBLIC NOR HAD ! SLI<TE/ SPIRITUAL OR IDEOLOGICAL CONTACT ) US0 SAYS ,MAURA4 ,9DE$1 ,C>LOS ,BLANCO CONT9U$ TO BE #a P]C5T MON>*I/4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! WORK]S REMA9$ CONC5TRAT$ ON ,ALCALA ,/REET4 ,!Y KNEW ?AT ,JUAN ,IGNACIO ,LUCA DE ,T5A1 $ITOR & [N] ( ! ,A,B,C NEWSPAP]1 WAS ! P]PETRATOR ( ! MON>*I/ PROVOCATION & SO !Y W5T TO ATTACK ! NEWSPAP]'S (FICE ON ,S]RANO ,/REET4 ,ANO!R GR\P ( DEMON/RATORS W5T TO ! ,PU]TA DEL ,SOL TO RALLY 9 FRONT ( ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY4 

,! DEMON/RATORS %\T$ = ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/]'S HEAD & ALSO = ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 :OM !Y CALL$ ASSASS9S4 ,GIV5 ! SITUATION1 & ) ! GOV]NM5T GA!R$ 9 ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY BUILD+1 ,MAURA ASK$ = AU?ORIZATION TO CLE> ! DEMON/RATORS ) ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 AFT] 0! REQUISITE =MAL W>N+S40 .<#b#g#e.> ,MANUEL ,AZANA OBJECT$1 SAY+ ?AT HE W\LD DO ANY?+ BUT 0PUT ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D ON ! /REET AGA9/ ! PEOPLE40 ,! RE/ ( ! M9I/]S AGRE$ ) ,AZANA1 EXCEPT = ,SOCIALI/S ,L>GO ,CABALL]O & ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO1 :O W]E ON ,MAURA'S SIDE4 .<#b#g#f.> ,AT SIX 9 ! AFT]NOON1 A GR\P ( DEMON/RATORS ASK$ TO SPEAK ) ,MANUEL ,AZANA1 :O MET ) !M 9 ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY4 ,!Y TOLD HIM ?AT HE %\LD GO TO ! BALCONY & ASSURE ! DEMON/RATORS ?AT WILL BE JU/ICE HAD4 ,AZANA DID SO1 BUT IMM$IATELY AFT] HE ADDRESS$ ! CR[D1 ONE ( ! DEMON/RATORS MEET+ ) HIM ALSO SPOKE4 ,HE 0DEM&$ ! RESIGNATION ( ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/]1 PUNI%M5T ( ! MON>*I/S RESPONSIBLE = ! MORN+'S 9CID5TS1 & ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D4 ,& ?AT10 WRITES ,MAURA1 0FROM ! V]Y BALCONY ( ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY1 )\T MY KN[L$GE & ) ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D TROOPS 9 ! C\RTY>D1 HE>+ EV]Y?+ ?AT HE SAID & %\T$40 .<#b#g#g.> 

,9 HIS ACC\NT1 ,MAURA RELATES HIS DISCUSSION ) ,AZANA 9 DETAIL1 AS WELL AS ,AZANA'S APOLOGIES1 :O SAID ?AT EV]Y?+ HE PROMIS$ TO ! CR[D WAS 0NO?+ MORE ?AN A RUSE0 TO GET !M TO LEAVE4 ,!N ! ALREADY DELICATE SITUATION BECAME VOLATILE4 ,! DEMON/RATORS ON ,S]RANO ,/REET TRI$ TO ATTACK ! ,A,B,C BUILD+ & ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 S5T BY ,MAURA TO PROTECT ! MON>*I/ NEWSPAP]1 FIR$ ON ! ASSAILANTS1 KILL+ TWO & 9JUR+ SEV]AL O!RS4 ,NEWS ( ?IS REA*$ ?OSE 9 ! ,PU]TA DEL ,SOL & A /&(F BEGAN BETWE5 ! GOV]NM5T & ! 9FURIAT$ PROTE/]S4 ,! IMPASSE DRAGG$ ON UNTIL ,MAURA ORD]$ ,SECURITY ,GU>DS TO CLE> ! ,PLAZA >\ND SIX 9 ! MORN+4 ,MAURA HAD NO *OICE BUT TO USE ,SECURITY ,GU>DS1 GIV5 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAD D5I$ HIM ! RI<T TO USE ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D = ! PURPOSE4 

,! >SON ( *UR*ES BEGAN AT #a3 AM ON ,MAY #a#a4 ,IT />T$ ) ! BURN+ ( ! ,JESUITS' ,RESID5CE ON ,FLOR ,/REET1 ) T5 MORE ACTS ( >SON FOLL[+1 BETWE5 S*OOLS1 *UR*ES1 & CONV5TS4 ,! GOV]NM5T /ILL HADN'T CALL$ \T ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D & DECID$ TO USE ! >MY TO PACIFY ,MADRID4 ,G5]AL ,CAPTA9 ,GONZALO ,QUEIPO DE ,LLANO DECL>$ A /ATE ( EM]G5CY1 ORD]$ ! TROOPS TO PATROL ! /REETS1 & PUT AN 5D TO ! >SONS4 

,MIGUEL ,MAURA WAS DEPRESS$ BY ! 0GOV]NM5T'S LACK ( DECISIV5ESS0 & RETIR$ TO HIS HOME ) ! 9T5TION ( DRAW+ UP HIS RESIGNATION 7:I* HE LAT] DID74 ,PANIC SPREAD AMONG GOV]NM5T M9I/]S :5 !Y LE>N$ ?AT HE WAS GO+ TO QUIT & !Y RECONSID]$ !IR ATTITUDE T[>D PUBLIC ORD]4 ,!Y ALL AGRE$ ?AT IT W\LD BE BE/ TO ACC$E & GIVE ,MIGUEL ,MAURA ! P[]S ?AT HE WANT$4 ,!Y GRANT$ HIM SU* VA/ AU?ORITY ?AT HE WAS EV5 5TITL$ TO DECL>E A /ATE ( EM]G5CY IF HE WI%$4 ,MAURA1 9 O!R WORDS1 W\LD EX]CISE A DICTATORIAL P[]4 ,HE SOON BEGAN TO USE HIS 0RI<TS0 AT :IM4 

,IT WAS 9 ! MID/ ( ?IS SOCIAL & POLITICAL TURMOIL ?AT ! ,C,N,T PREP>$ ITS ,?IRD ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS1 ) WORK]S' ASSEMBLIES & RALLIES FOLL[+ ONE AFT] ! O!R4 ,! ACTIVITY WAS P>TICUL>LY FR5ETIC 9 ,B>CELONA4 

,?IS WAS A SUPREMELY IMPORTANT MOM5T = ! AN>*I/S1 ) RESPECT TO !IR PRES5CE ON ! ,P59SULA & ALSO !IR POT5TIAL IMPACT ON ! WORLDWIDE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,E>LI] WE NOT$ ! AN>*I/'S 9T]NATIONAL CRISIS AFT] ! DEFEATS 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,ITALY1 & ,FRANCE4 ,9DE$1 ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM SEEM$ TO )DRAW 9TO ITSELF AFT] !SE BL[S & SUCCUMB TO A SORT ( 9F]IORITY COMPLEX 9 RELATION TO ! MORE DOM9ANT BOL%EVISM4 ,ONE ( ! FIR/ ISSUES AN>*I/S HAD TO CONFRONT WAS ! EFFICACY OR NON-EFFICACY ( ORGANIZATION4 ,! DEBATE ON ?IS TOPIC P>ALYZ$ AN>*I/S1 FROM A COMBATIVE PO9T ( VIEW1 & ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES GREW /RONG] 9 !IR ABS5CE4 ,! ,SPANI>DS W]E CONSCI\S ( ?IS PH5OM5ON & ?\<T ?AT !Y C\LD HAVE A POSITIVE IMPACT ON K9DR$ AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS >\ND ! WORLD IF !Y BUILT A MASS ORGANIZATION ?AT WAS 9SPIR$ BY AN>*ISM4 ,! SECRET>IAT ( ! ,A,I,T 7,9T]NATIONAL ,ASSOCIATION ( ,WORK]S7 %>$ ?IS VIEW &1 ACCORD+LY1 DECID$ ?AT ! ORGANIZATION'S ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS W\LD OCCUR 9 ,SPA9 %ORTLY AFT] ! ,C,N,T ,CONGRESS4 ,= SEV]AL DAYS1 ,MADRID WAS GO+ TO BE ! GLOBAL CAPITAL ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] WAS ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,A,I,T4 ,BEL[ IS HIS ACC\NT ( HIS >RIVAL 9 ,SPA93  
  

,\R L>GE GR\P BEGAN ! TRIP 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! LA/ WEEK ( ,MAY4 ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y & ,I W5T AS REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,A,I,T ,9T]NATIONAL ,SECRET>IAT4 ,OROBON ,F]N&EZ & TWO ,SW$I% COMRADES :O HAD COME TO ,B]L9 ALSO TRAVEL$ ) US4 ,AS = ! ,F,A,U,D.<#b#g#h.> DELEGATES1 ,HELMUT ,RUDIG] HAD ALREADY BE5 9 ,SPA9 = SOME TIME & ,C>LO ,W9DH(F1 :O LIV$ 9 ,DUSSELDORF1 MADE ! TRIP TO ,MADRID FROM !RE4 ,DELEGATES FROM ,HOLL& & ,FRANCE AWAIT$ US 9 ,P>IS4 ,AFT] MEET+ ) !M AT NI<TTIME1 WE IMM$IATELY CONT9U$ ON TO ,B>CELONA4 

,WE REA*$ ! CITY AT #h3 9 ! MORN+ & W5T DIRECTLY FROM ! TRA9 /ATION TO ! ,C,N,T'S ADM9I/RATIVE (FICE4 ,WE F\ND ,JUAN ,PEIRO !RE1 ! $ITOR ( \R NEWSPAP] ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 & APPROXIMATELY A DOZ5 ADDITIONAL ,SPANI% COMRADES1 ALL ( :OM GREET$ US W>MLY4 ,! COMRADES W]E 9 EXCELL5T SPIRITS2 ! MON>*Y'S COLLAPSE HAD EXCIT$ !M ALL4 ,!Y TOLD US AB\T ! MOVEM5T'S A/ONI%+ GR[? OV] REC5T MON?S4 ,! ,C,N,T HAD MORE ?AN ONE MILLION MEMB]S & ITS 9FLU5CE EXT5D$ BEYOND ITS MEMB]%IP & MADE ITSELF FELT 9 O!R CIRCLES4.<#b#g#i.>  
  

,! =EIGN DELEGATES W]E HO/$ AT ! ,C,N,T'S EXP5SE4 ,ROCK] REC\NTS HIS FAVORABLE IMPRESSION ( HIS TIME 9 ,B>CELONA3  
  

,!RE W]E L>GE PO/]S EV]Y:]E 9 :I* ?REE LETT]S /OOD \T P[]FULLY3 ,C,N,T4 ,!Y W]E CALLS TO POPUL> MEET+S1 ANN\NC$ = ! FOLL[+ ,SUNDAY4 ,?IS1 & ! PRES5CE ( ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A ON ALL ! MAGAZ9E /&S1 MADE IT CLE> ?AT WE W]E 9 ! C5T] ( ,SPA9'S LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T4 

,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO W]E WAIT+ = US :5 WE RETURN$ TO ! HOTEL ?AT EV5+4 ,DURRUTI ASK$ AB\T A PAIR ( COMRADES HE HAD KN[N 9 ,B]L9 & ESPECIALLY AB\T ,]I* ,MUHSAM & ! GOOD COMRADES ( ,OB]SEE- ,HONEWEIDE1 9 :OSE H\SE HE HAD TO HIDE AT ! TIME4 

,WE TALK$ AB\T ! NEW SITUATION 9 ,SPA9 & ! P]SPECTIVES = ! MOVEM5T'S FUTURE4 ,BO? HAD GREAT HOPES1 AL?\< !Y KNEW ?AT IT /ILL HAD TO OV]COME MANY OB/ACLES BE=E IT C\LD VICTORI\SLY IMPOSE NEW PATT]NS ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,?AT WAS TOTALLY UND]/&ABLE2 ! ,MON>*Y LEFT ,SPA9 9 TREM5D\S *AOS & IT C\LDN'T BE REPAIR$ OV]NI<T4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE TO CONFRONT ! *ALL5GES ) CON/RUCTIVE & T5ACI\S WORK1 ON NEW F\NDATIONS4 ,ASCASO BELIEV$ ?AT ! T]RIBLE PA9S PREC$+ ! BIR? ( ! ,REPUBLIC W]E WORSE ?AN ! BIR? ITSELF4 ,HE SAW A C]TA9 DISADVANTAGE 9 ?IS1 BECAUSE DECISIVE *ANGES 9 SOCIAL & ECONOMIC LIFE1 SU* AS ! RESOLUTION ( AGR>IAN PROBLEM1 :I* WAS SO IMPORTANT 9 ,SPA91 HAD TO BE C>RI$ \T OV] A LONG REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 :I* W\LD NE$ TO CREATE NEW CONDITIONS & C\LDN'T BE DELEGAT$ TO ANY GOV]NM5T4 ,NEV]!LESS1 HE ?\<T ! SITUATION W\LD BECOME CLE>] AFT] ! ,JUNE ELECTIONS & ?AT ! ,C,N,T WAS DE/9$ TO PLAY A GREAT ROLE4.<#b#h.>  
  

,! ,C,N,T HAD ORGANIZ$ A WELCOME RALLY = ! =EIGN DELEGATES ON ! DAY FOLL[+ ?IS CONV]SATION4 ,IT OCCURR$ 9 ! ,EXPOSICION'S ,PALACE ( ,COMMUNICATIONS4 ,ROCK] & ! O!R 9T]NATIONALS W]E QUITE %OCK$ TO SEE SU* A MASSIVE ASSEMBLY1 :I* WAS NOT ! NORM 9 !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES4 ,MORE ?AN FIFTE5 ?\S& PEOPLE ATT5D$ ! RALLY ACCORD+ TO ! B\RGEOIS PRESS4 ,! ,PALACE WAS 9CAPABLE ( ACCOMMODAT+ ?AT MANY & SO ORGANIZ]S PLAC$ AMPLIFI]S AT ! BUILD+'S 5TRANCE SO ?AT PEOPLE C\LD FOLL[ ! RALLY FROM ITS T]RACE4 

,ROCK] NOT$ ?AT ! AUDI5CE DID NOT EMPHATICALLY APPLAUD ! SPEAK]S4 ,HE COMMUNICAT$ HIS SURPRISE TO ,DURRUTI :5 ,DURRUTI HAD F9I%$ HIS SPEE* & SAT D[N AT HIS SIDE4 ,ROCK]'S QUE/ION TOOK ,DURRUTI ABACK4 ,9 REPLY1 HE SAID3 0,BUT ,ROCK]1 Y\ KN[ P]FECTLY WELL ?AT WE1 ! AN>*I/S1 DON'T WOR%IP P]SONALITIES4 ,APPLAUSE & OVATIONS >E SIMPLY TACKY MUSIC ?AT 5C\RAGES VANITY & LEAD]ISM4 ,A COMRADE'S CAPACITY %\LD BE RECOGNIZ$ & NO?+ MORE4 ,! AUDI5CE %[S ITS 9T]E/ BY FOLL[+ ! SPEE*40 

,ROCK] CONCLUDES HIS DISCUSSION ( ! RALLY 9 ! FOLL[+ WAY3 0,?AT MEMORABLE EV5T WAS SURELY ONE ( ! MO/ VIGOR\S C]EMONIES ?AT ,I HAVE EV] ATT5D$4 ,AT MASS MEET+S CALL$ BY SOCIALI/ P>TIES 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ORATORS G5]ALLY DIDN'T DO MORE ?AN HURL 5DLESS 9SULTS AT !IR POLITICAL OPPON5TS1 COMPLETELY UNAW>E1 9 !IR BL9DNESS1 ( ! DANG] HOV]+ OV] ALL ( !M4 ,BY CONTRA/1 ?AT SPIRIT$ RALLY ( ,B>CELONA'S WORK+ CLASS WAS DEEPLY GRATIFY+4 ,!RE W]E M5 !RE ) A CLE> OBJECTIVE 9 M9D1 LOOK+ OPTIMI/ICALLY T[>D A NEW FUTURE & FEEL+ CONFID5T 9 !IR [N /R5G?4444 ,IF MANY LO/ HE>T 9 ,G]MANY DUR+ ! GRAVE 9T]NAL /RUGGLES1 & SOME ( ! /RONGE/ COMRADES BORD]$ ON DEPRESSION :5 FAC$ ) ! PROLET>IAT'S DIS9TEGRATION1 A GIGANTIC C]EMONY SU* AS ?IS ONE WAS A REG5]ATOR4 ,ONE FELT R5EW$ & 9SPIR$ TO LOOK BOLDLY 9TO ! FUTURE40 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #d -- ,UPDAT$4 

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