,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #be ,T[>D ! 0,POPUL> ,FRONT0 ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ ,TEXT 3 ,*,A,P,T,] ,X,X,V4 ,T[>D ! 0,POPUL> ,FRONT0 ,! TIME ?AT ,DURRUTI SP5T GO+ 9 & \T ( JAIL DID NOT UND]M9E HIS OPTIMISM OR *ANGE ! DIRECTION ( HIS ?\D ON ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I4 ,! ORGANIZATIONS SUFF]$ :ILE SOME ( ITS MO/ VALUABLE MILITANTS WA/$ AWAY 9 PRISON4 ,DURRUTI W\LD />T DEV\R+ MAGAZ9ES & NEWSPAP]S AS SOON AS HE LEFT PRISON1 UNTIL A NEW 9C>C]ATION AGA9 DISRUPT$ HIS ACCESS TO 9=MATION & ABILITY TO FOLL[+ ! ?READ ( EV5TS4 ,IT WAS ONLY HIS 9TUITIVE CAPACITY TO GRASP ISSUES & DEVELOPM5TS ?AT SAV$ HIM4 ,HIS LA/ CONV]SATION ) ,ASCASO BE=E HIS >RE/ REVOLV$ >\ND :AT LOOK$ LIKE ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY'S NEW /RATEGY ( =M+ ALLIANCES & COALITIONS1 9 :I* ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W\LD ALSO PLAY A ROLE ?ANKS TO ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S ,BOL%EVIK 0MEASLES40 ,!Y AGRE$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD FACE PROBLEMS IF ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT TACTIC BE+ TE/$ 9 ,FRANCE WAS 9TRODUC$ 9TO ,SPA91 BECAUSE SUPPORT]S ( ! ELECTORAL COALITION W\LD TRY TO ASPHYXIATE ! ,C,N,T BY ANY MEANS POSSIBLE4 ,!Y HAD TO RESPOND TO ?AT ?REAT IMM$IATELY SO ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS W\LDN'T BE DECEIV$ LIKE IT HAD BE5 ON ,APRIL #a#d1 #a#i#c#a4 ,DURRUTI1 :O HAD PL5TY ( 9TUITION BUT AN EXCESS ( PRISON TIME1 BEGAN S]V+ HIS NEW S5T5CE %ORTLY AFT] !IR DISCUSSION4 ,>\ND ?IS TIME1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HELD A RALLY 9 ,MADRID'S ,C9E ,MONUM5TAL4 ,JOSE ,DIAZ GAVE A LONG SPEE* 9 :I* HE PROPOS$ ! =MATION ( A ,POPUL> ,ANTI-FASCI/ ,CONC5TRATION4 .<#d#c#c.> ,IT W\LD HAVE A F\R-PO9T PROGRAM3 A7 ,CONFISCATE ! L& HELD BY L>GE L&[N]S 444 )\T COMP5SATION & ITS IMM$IATELY DELIV]Y TO POOR PEASANTS & AGRICULTURAL WORK]S4 B7 ,LIB]ATE PEOPLES OPPRESS$ BY ,SPANI% IMP]IALISM4 ,GRANT ! RI ,! PROGRAM WAS V]Y %ORT4 ,EXCEPT = ! PO9T AB\T ! L&1 :I* WAS 9CLUD$ = PROPAG&I/IC REASONS1 IT WAS AN EXACT REPLICA ( ! PROGRAM ?AT ,MANUEL ,AZANA W\LD SET \T 9 ,ME/ALLA 7,VAL5CIA7 & ,COMILLAS 7,MADRID71 :]E HE CALL$ UPON ,REPUBLICAN P>TIES TO =M A COALITION BE=E ! NEXT ELECTIONS4 ,!RE WAS A SECTION ON ,SPANI% IMP]IALISM 9 ,DIAZ'S PROGRAM 9DICAT+ ?AT ! ,SPANI% REGIONS NOT$ %\LD HAVE ! RIY =CES OP]AT+ 9 ,A/URIAS CAME FROM ,MOROCCO1 BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T DIDN'T TRU/ SOLDI]S FROM ! ,P59SULA4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PROPOS$ AN ANTI-FASCI/ FRONT & YET ACCEPT$ ,SPA9'S CONT9U$ DOM9ATION ( ! ,MOROCCAN PEOPLE1 ON :OSE V]Y SOIL ! FASCI/ ?REAT D5\NC$ 9 ,JOSE ,DIAZ'S SPEE* WAS BREW+4 ,A TYPICAL CONTRADICTION = ! ,MOSC[-L$ 0COMMUNI/S40 ,JOSE ,DIAZ'S SPEE* HAD NO POLITICAL EFFECT1 BUT ITS G5]AL \TL9ES REFLECT$ ! DIRECTION ?AT ! ,P,C,E W\LD FOLL[ )9 A FEW MON?S4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ,MOSC[ /ILL HADN'T TAK5 ,SPA9 9TO CONSID]ATION 9 ! NEW /RATEGIC ORI5TATION ?AT IT HAD BE5 DEVELOP+ OV] ! PREVI\S YE>4 ,FRANCE WAS :AT MATT]$ MO/ TO ,/AL9 & HIS SUBORD9ATES1 BECAUSE IT BELIEV$ ?AT IT HAD AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO PLAY 9 ! 0DEF5SE ( ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE40 ,9DE$1 ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT WILL RESPOND SOLELY TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION'S 9T]E/S & IT IS ?OSE 9T]E/S ?AT WILL DET]M9E ITS CONSEQU5T REP]CUSSIONS 9 ,SPA94 ,?AT IS :Y WE >E OBLIG$ TO (F] A SUMM>Y TREATM5T ( ?AT V]Y SPECIFIC DIM5SION ( 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS 9 ?IS BIOGRAPHY4 ,/AL9'S POLICY WAS CONSI/5T S9CE ,HITL]'S RISE TO P[] 9 #aicc UNTIL ,JANU>Y #b#f1 #a#i#c#d4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#c1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S' ,9T]NATIONAL CALL$ UPON ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7,/AL9 & ! ,MOSC[ P>TY LEAD]S7 TO =M AN ANTI-FASCI/ FRONT1 BUT IT RECEIV$ NO REPLY4 ,IT REPEAT$ ! CALL SIX MON?S LAT] & A*IEV$ ! SAME RESULT4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL DID NOT RESPOND SIMPLY BECAUSE IT DID NOT SEE ,HITL] OR ,MUSSOL9I AS 5EMIES AT ! TIME4 ,9DE$1 ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE HAD V]Y GOOD RELATIONS ) BO? DICTATORS4 ,/AL9'S PRIM>Y CONC]N WAS PRES]V+ ! #aibb AGREEM5T BETWE5 ,G]MANY & ,RUSSIA KN[N AS ! ,TREATY ( ,RAPALLO4 .<#d#c#e.> ,:ILE ?AT WAS /ILL POSSIBLE1 HE C>$ LITTLE IF ,HITL] & HIS ,NAZI ,P>TY ]ADICAT$ SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM FROM ,G]MAN SOIL4 ,/AL9 HOP$ TO SU/A9 ?AT TREATY UNTIL ,G]MANY & ,POL& SIGN$ AN ACCORD ON ,JANU>Y #b#f1 #a#i#c#d4 ,MOSC[ MILIT>Y M5 SAW ?IS AS A DIRECT ATTACK ON ,RUSSIA & ?US ,/AL9 *ANG$ HIS /RATEGY1 ALIGN+ IT ) CONC]NS 9 ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T1 :I* REG>D$ ! ACCORD AS A DANG]\S RUPTURE ( ! EQUILIBRIUM ( ALLIANCES =M$ BETWE5 ,EUROPEAN /ATES AFT] ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 ,P]HAPS1 )\T WANT+ TO DO SO1 ,HITL] REE/ABLI%$ ! TRIP>TITE1 CROSS$ ALLIANCES BETWE5 ,RUSSIA1 ,FRANCE1 & ,5GL& ?AT HAD EXI/$ BE=E #a#i#a#d4 .<#d#c#f.> ,! DIPLOMATIC S\ND+ \T BETWE5 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ,FRANCE BEGAN 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#d4 ,! ,FR5* SUPPORT$ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION'S ATTEMPT TO JO9 ! ,SOCIETY ( ,NATIONS & ,/AL91 9 COMP5SATION1 ORD]$ ! ,FR5* ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO =M AN ALLIANCE ) ! ,SOCIALI/S & ! ,FR5* B\RGEOISIE4 ,! ,JULY #a#d1 #aicd ,BLUM-,?OREZ-,DALADI] ,PACT WAS ! RESULT ( ?IS COMM&4 .<#d#c#g.> ,?AT WAS ! FIR/ ACT ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT COM$Y4 ,! SECOND OCCURR$ ON ,MAY #b1 #a#i#c#e1 :5 ,FRANCE & ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 7,/AL9 & ,LAVAL1 RESPECTIVELY7 SIGN$ ! ,MUTUAL ,ASSI/ANCE ,PACT4 ,AFT] SIGN+ ! AGREEM5T1 ,/AL9 DECL>$ ?AT HE 0UND]/OOD & FULLY APPROV$ ( ,FRANCE'S NATIONAL DEF5SE POLICY1 9 :I* IT MA9TA9S ITS ,>M$ ,=CES AT ! LEVEL ( ITS SECURITY40 ,PRIOR TO ?AT DATE1 ! ,FR5* ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAD ALWAYS REFUS$ TO VOTE = MILIT>Y CR$ITS4 ,9 FACT1 A MON? & A HALF E>LI]1 ,MAURICE ,?OREZ .<#d#c#h.> /AT$ 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY ?AT 0,WE WILL NEV] ALL[ ! WORK+ CLASS TO BE DRAGG$ 9TO A W> CALL$ 9 DEF5SE ( DEMOCRACY AGA9/ FASCISM40 ,/AL9'S DECL>ATION CAUS$ AN ABRUPT *ANGE 9 !IR /ANCE4 ,?AT V]Y ,MAY #b1 PO/]S PROCLAIM+3 0,/AL9 A RAISON0 70,/AL9 IS RITY DID ITS BE/ TO EXPLA9 ! NEW /RATEGY TO ,FR5* ,C,P MEMB]S4 ,! ?IRD ACT ( ! COM$Y TOOK PLACE BETWE5 ,JULY #be & ,AUGU/ #a#g1 #a#i#c#e1 ! DATES ( ! ,SEV5? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! ACTORS W]E ,GEORGI ,DIMITROV & ,PALMIRO ,TOGLIATTI1 9 FRONT ( AN AUDI5CE ( ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL REPRES5TATIVES4 ,! ,POPUL> ,FRONT TACTIC CALL$ = AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! WORK+ & MIDDLE CLASSES TO 0BLOCK ! PA? ( ! FASCI/ (F5SIVE40 ,DIMITROV EXPLA9$ ITS NECESSITY AS FOLL[S3 0,TODAY1 9 A S]IES ( CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 ! WORK+ MASSES HAVE TO *OOSE NOT BETWE5 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT & B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY1 BUT BETWE5 B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY & FASCISM40 ,TOGLIATTI1 = HIS P>T1 9VEI<$ AGA9/ SOME DISOB$I5T DELEGATES :O *ALL5G$ ! REVOLUTION>Y LEGITIMACY ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT TACTIC3 0,C]TA9 COMRADES HAVE COME TO ?9K ?AT SIGN+ ! ,MUTUAL ,ASSI/ANCE ,PACT ) ,FRANCE MEANS R5\NC+ ! REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE 9 ,EUROPE & COMP>E IT TO A =C$ RETREAT UND] 5EMY FIRE4 ,!Y >E COMPLETELY WRONG4 ,F> FROM BE+ A RETREAT1 IT IS AN ADVANCE2 & ?OSE :O DON'T UND]/& ITS DEEP 9T]NAL COH]5CE UND]/& NO?+ ( ! TRUE DIALECTIC ?AT MOVES EV5TS & ! REVOLUTION>Y DIALECTIC EV5 LESS40 ,IF WE LOOK C>EFULLY AT ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT TACTIC1 WE CAN PROVE ?AT IT WAS NOT APPROPRIATE = ,SPA94 ,AL?\< IT WAS DEVIS$ = ,FRANCE1 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES 9 ALL ! 0DEMOCRATIC-B\RGEOIS0 C\NTIES HAD TO ACCEPT IT )\T QUE/ION4 ,MOSC[ & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL P]MITT$ NO DEBATE ON ! MATT]1 EV5 IF APPLY+ ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT 9 ,SPA9 REQUIR$ ?AT ! 9V5TION ( ! MIDDLE CLASS & ITS P>TIES4 ,?AT IS EVID5T 9 ! DIALOGUE BETWE5 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O & ,JACQUES ,DUCLOS1 ! IT9]ANT AG5T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,DUCLOS EXPLA9S3 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 ! MA9 LEAD] ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ! ,U,G,T1 WAS A DECISIVE FACTOR 9 ! =MATION ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT 9 ,SPA94 ,HE HAD TO BE CONV9C$ ?AT ! ,SPANI% WORK]'S MOVEM5T NE$$ TO CONSID] :AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,FRANCE &1 T[>D ?AT 5D1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ORD]$ ME TO VISIT HIM 9 ,MADRID1 AS A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & A ,FR5* ,COMMUNI/ LEAD] CLOSELY L9K$ TO ! CREATION ( ! ,FR5* ,POPUL> ,FRONT4 ,JULIO ,ALV>EZ DEL ,VAYO PUT ,JACQUES ,DUCLOS 9 CONTACT ) ,L>GO ,CABALL]O4 ,UND] ,ALV>EZ DEL ,VAYO'S WAT*1 ! ,Y\NG ,COMMUNI/S & ! ,SOCIALI/S HAD FUZ$ TO CREATE A ,UNIFI$ ,SOCIALI/ ,Y\?4 ,! GR\P'S SECRET>Y WAS ,SANTIAGO ,C>RILLO1 :O HAD JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DUR+ HIS REC5T TRIP TO ,RUSSIA4 ,ALV>EZ DEL ,VAYO TURN$ \T TO BE AN EXCELL5T BRIDGE BETWE5 ! TWO M54 ,DUCLOS DESCRIBES !IR DIALOGUES3 ,WE SPOKE OV] ! C\RSE ( ?REE DAYS4 ,IT WAS AN OP5 DIALOGUE1 )\T 9T]M$I>IES OR 9T]PRET]S4444 ,I WANT$ TO CONV9CE ,L>GO ,CABALL]O ( ! WORK+ CLASS'S NE$ = ALLIES4 ,I MADE A LONG /ATEM5T1 & WAS 9T]RUPT$ BY QUE/IONS AB\T ! =MATION ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT 9 ,FRANCE4 ,I PO9T$ TO ! FASCI/ DANG] & EXPLA9$ ?AT ! MASSES W\LD BE DEFEAT$ IF !Y'RE NOT UNIT$4 ,I EMPHASIZ$ ?AT ! ?REAT ( FASCISM WAS NO LESS SIGNIFICANT 9 ,SPA9 ?AN 9 ,FRANCE4444 ,ON ?IS PO9T .1 ,I KNEW ?AT ,L>GO ,CABALL]O W\LD AGREE ) ME 9 G5]AL1 ESPECIALLY GIV5 HIS POSITIVE COMM5TS AB\T ! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,BUT ,I ALSO KNEW ?AT HE W\LDN'T AGREE ) ! NE$ = AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASS & ! O!R SOCIAL CATEGORIES4 ,DUCLOS SPOKE AT L5G? AB\T :Y ! WORK]S HAD TO =M A P>TN]%IP ) ! MIDDLE CLASS & 9TELLECTUALS1 9 LIGO ,CABALL]O BEGAN BY EXPRESS+ ! 9TRANSIG5CE ?AT ,I ANTICIPAT$4 ,HE TALK$ AB\T ! MIDDLE CLASSES' LACK ( IMPORTANCE & EXPLA9$ ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS WAS ! ONLY CONSI/5TLY REVOLUTION>Y CLASS4 ,HE MADE REF]5CES TO ,M>X & ,L591 :OM1 HE TOLD ME1 HE ADMIR$ GREATLY4 ,) ALL DUE RESPECT = ! 0MA/]S0 ,M>X & ,L591 ,DUCLOS >GU$ ?AT ONE MU/ NEV] CLOSE ONESELF (F FROM REALITY444 ?AT SOMETIMES PH5OM5A OCCUR ?AT 9FLU5CE ONE CLASS OV] ANO!R1 ETC4 ,!N HE SPELL$ \T ! 0ELECTORAL >I?METIC10 :I* WAS EXTREMELY 9T]E/+ TO ,CABALL]O4 ,!N1 F9ALLY1 CAME ! C\P DE GRACE3 ,I ASK$ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O :AT ! ELECTORAL CONSEQU5CES MI ,FRONT W]E CREAT$4 ,HE AGRE$ ?AT IT W\LD BE B5EFICIAL = ! ,COMMUNI/ & ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,I WAS ON ! V]GE ( OBTA9+ A FAVORABLE RESPONSE :5 ,I TOLD HIM ?AT1 AFT] ,I RETURN$ TO ,P>IS1 ,I W\LD !N HAVE TO GO TO ,MOSC[ & GIVE HIS RESPONSE TO ! LEAD]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE SAID ?AT ,I %\LD TELL !M ?AT ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT WILL BE =M$ 9 ,SPA94 ,I WAS HAPPY & FELT TREM5D\S AFFECTION & RESPECT = ?AT OLD MILITANT1 :O HAD *ANG$ HIS VIEWS 9 LI ,! MA*9]Y-GUILLOT9E ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT WAS GREAS$4 ,WE N[ GO TO ! ,MODELO PRISON 9 ,VAL5CIA1 :]E AU?ORITIES HAD TRANSF]R$ ,DURRUTI FROM ,B>CELONA 9 ,AUGU/4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #be -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #be -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/