,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #b 
,FROM ! ,DAMM ,BOYCOTT TO ! ,CELLS ( ! ,HEADQU>T]S 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,X4 ,FROM ! DAMM BOYCOTT TO ! CELLS ( ! HEADQU>T]S 

  

,DURRUTI HAD BE5 9T5SELY ACTIVE S9CE RETURN+ TO ,B>CELONA 9 ,MAY #a#i#c#d1 9 ! ,C,N,T UNIONS AS WELL AS ,F,A,I GR\PS4 ,HIS ACTIVI/ COMMITM5TS & NE$ TO LOOK = A JOB MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = HIM TO C>RY ON A NORMAL LIFE 9 ! WAY ?AT IT IS COMMONLY IMAG9$ :5 ONE IS 9 A C\PLE & HAS A *ILD4 ,IT IS ?US DIFFICULT TO SAY MU* AB\T ,DURRUTI'S FAMILY LIFE1 BUT WE CAN (F] A FEW ANECDOTES1 :I* HELP GIVE A HUMAN DIM5SION TO HIS P]SONALITY4 ,9 HIS DAILY BEHAVIOR1 ,DURRUTI HAD OV]COME MANY ( ! CU/OMS ( ,SPANI% M5 9 RELATION TO WOM54 ,S9CE HE WAS BLACKLI/$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 IT WAS ,MIMI :O BORE ! BURD5 ( H\SEHOLD EXP5SES BY WORK+ AS A BOX (FICE CL]K 9 A C9EMA OR 9 ! 0*A90 ( METALLURGIC OR TEXTILE FACTORIES4 ,DURRUTI DID HIS BE/ TO C>E = !IR LITTLE GIRL & ATT5D TO ! HOME4 ,IT WAS NOT UNUSUAL = HIS FREQU5T VISITORS TO F9D HIM 9 ! KIT*5 WE>+ AN APRON OR BA?+ ,COLETTE :ILE S++ H] A *ILDR5'S OR REVOLUTION>Y SONG ) HIS DEEP VOICE4 ,HIS COMRADES (T5 ASK$ IF ,MIMI WAS SICK :5 !Y F\ND HIM DO+ !SE ?+S4 ,9 SU* 9/ANCES1 HE W\LD SAY S>CA/ICALLY3 0,:5 ! WOMAN IS WORK+ & ! MAN ISN'T1 ! MAN IS ! WOMAN ( ! H\SE4 ,:5 WILL Y\ /OP ?9K+ LIKE ! B\RGEOISIE1 ?AT WOM5 >E M5'S S]VANTS8 ,IT'S 5\< ?AT SOCIETY IS DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES4 ,WE'RE NOT GO+ TO MAKE EV5 MORE CLASSES BY CREAT+ DIFF]5CES BETWE5 M5 & WOM5 9 \R [N HOMES60 .<#d#d.> 

,!SE EX*ANGES TOOK PLACE REPEAT$LY1 AL?\< ?+S W]E DIFF]5T ) HIS CLOS] FRI5DS1 P>TICUL>LY ,ASCASO4 ,DUR+ ! LATT]'S VISITS1 ! TWO M5 SPOKE :ILE ,DURRUTI PEEL$ POTATOES OR CLEAN$ BEANS4 ,ASCASO1 LIKE HIS O!R 9TIMATES1 KNEW HIM WELL 5\< NOT TO BE SURPRIS$ BY HIS BEHAVIOR4 ,DURRUTI WAS *>ACT]I/ICALLY OPTIMI/IC1 AL?\< HE W5T ?R\< A P]IOD ( DEPRESSION DUR+ ?IS TIME4 ,HE WAS NOT HAPPY ) H[ ?+S W]E GO+ )9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,HE WAS ALSO FRU/RAT$ ) MILITANTS :O1 9 HIS OP9ION1 DID NOT WORK H>D 5\< TO $UCATE !MSELVES & LE>N AB\T EV5TS1 :I* HE ?\<T WAS ESS5TIAL IF ACTIVI/S W]E TO BE WELL-R\ND$4 ,9 HIS CASE1 HE TRI$ TO READ PUBLICATIONS FROM DIV]SE POLITICAL T5D5CIES1 9 ,SPANI% AS WELL AS ,FR5*4 ,HIS WIDE-RANG+ READ+ WAS APP>5T 9 LETT]S ?AT HE S5T TO HIS BRO!R ,P$RO1 ESPECIALLY :5 HE REFLECT$ ON PROBLEMS LIKE ! W>1 :I* SEEM$ LIKE AS AN IMM95T ?REAT ON ! WORLD HORIZON4 ,DURRUTI'S WILL TO OV]COME & %>P 9TUITION GAVE HIM AN 9TELLECTUAL EQUILIBRIUM ?AT REVEAL$ ITSELF DUR+ DISCUSSIONS ( TOPICS LIKE ,CATALANISM OR ! ,WORK]S' ,ALLIANCE1 :I* WAS PROMOT$ BY ! ,SOCIALI/S AT ! TIME4 ,BUT HE WAS NEV] OPPORTUNI/IC3 HE GRASP$ REALITY & TRI$ TO IMPOSE AN>*ISM ON IT1 ALWAYS CONSCI\S ( ! HI/ORICAL ROLE ?AT AN>*I/S HAD TO PLAY4 ,= HIM1 LABOR ACTIVISM WAS SIMPLY AN 9/RUM5T ( ! /RUGGLE1 9TO :I* ONE HAD TO CON/ANTLY 9JECT A POLITICAL /IMULUS TO PREV5T IT FROM /AGNAT+ 9 ECONOMIC RE=MISM4 ,AS HE UND]/OOD IT1 ?AT WAS ! AN>*I/S' SPECIFIC TASK4 ,DURRUTI DID EV]Y?+ HE C\LD TO BR+ ?AT REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE TO ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T & HELP IT EVOLVE 9TO A CONSCI\S1 REVOLUTION>Y =CE CAPABLE ( ABOLI%+ WAGE LABOR & DE/ROY+ CAPITALISM4 ,9 !ORY1 AT LEA/1 ?AT WAS ! ,C,N,T'S GOAL AL?\< SOMETIMES IT CONTRADICT$ ITSELF 9 PRACTICE1 SU* AS BY HOLD+ ! LAM5TABLE MEET+ ) ,COMPANYS4 ,ON ! TOPIC1 ,DURRUTI SAID3  
  

,:Y DID WE FI<T 0! ,?IRTY0 IF WE'RE ALSO PRACTIC+ 0?IRTY-ISM08 ,ISN'T IT A =M ( 0?IRTY-ISM0 TO COMPLA9 TO ,COMPANYS AB\T ! FACT ?AT WE'RE P]SECUT$8 ,:AT'S ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,COMPANYS1 ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA1 & ,MAURA8 ,>5'T !Y ALL DECL>$ 5EMIES ( ! WORK+ CLASS8 ,>5'T !Y ALL B\RGEOIS8 ,!Y P]SECUTE US4 ,YES1 ( C\RSE !Y DO4 ,WE'RE A ?REAT TO ! SY/EM ?AT !Y REPRES5T4 ,IF WE DON'T WANT !M TO H>ASS US1 !N WE %\LD JU/ SUBMIT TO !IR LAWS1 9TEGRATE \RSELVES 9TO !IR SY/EM1 & BUREAUCRATIZE \RSELVES TO ! M>R[4 ,!Y WE CAN BE P]FECT TRAITORS TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 LIKE ! ,SOCIALI/S & EV]YONE ELSE :O LIVES AT WORK]S' EXP5SE4 

,!Y WON'T BO!R US IF WE DO ?AT4 ,BUT DO WE REALLY WANT TO BECOME ?AT8 ,NO4 ,WE HAVE TO DRAW ON \R CREATIVE IMAG9ATION4 ,\R /R5G? LAY 9 \R CAPACITY TO RESI/4 ,!Y MAY WEAK5 US1 BUT WE'LL NEV] FOLD4 ,BLUND]S LIKE ! ONE MADE C\LD TURN US 9TO POLITICAL OPPORTUNI/S1 9TO ?AT SOME?+ WE DON'T WANT TO BE4.<#d#e.>  
  

,DURRUTI BELIEV$ ?AT EXTRAORD9>Y TIMES LAY AHEAD & KNEW ?AT !Y HAD TO PREP>E = !M4 ,! WORK+ CLASS W\LD NOT G5]ATE !SE NEW CONFLICTS2 !Y W\LD EM]GE FROM ! V]Y COMPLEXITIES ( ,SPANI% SOCIETY ITSELF1 :OSE CLA%+ 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS W\LD REVEAL ! BITT] ANTAGONISMS BETWE5 ! SOCIAL CLASSES4 ,! SOCIO-POLITICAL CRISIS WAS IMM95T = ,DURRUTI &1 IF REVOLUTION>IES W]5'T READY TO CONFRONT IT1 !Y W\LD NOT ONLY LOSE A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE A REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 BUT ! WORK+ CLASS MI<T ALSO SUFF] A T]RIBLE DEFEAT4 ,HE CONCLUD$ ?AT !Y HAD TO DEVISE A /RATEGY ( GUNP[D] & M51 ONE CAPABLE ( %UTT+ D[N ! B\RGEOISIE4 0,\R ME?ODS10 HE SAID1 0MAY *ANGE AT TIMES1 BUT \R /RIKES MU/ ALWAYS WEAK5 ! 5EMY & /R5G!N ! WORK+ CLASS40 ,( C\RSE #cdb 

,DURRUTI WAS NOT CONT5T ) M]E !ORIZ+1 BUT JUMP$ AT ANY OPPORTUNITY TO PRACTICE HIS IDEALS4 ,HE DEMON/RAT$ ?IS DUR+ ! ,DAMM BOYCOTT4 

,DURRUTI HAD BE5 UNEMPLOY$ S9CE RETURN+ FROM ,BURGOS4 ,ASCASO SUGGE/$ ?AT HE GO TO ! ,FOOD ,WORK]S' ,UNION & JO9 ! 0WORK POOL0 !RE1 :I* HE DID4 ,! SUMM] SEASON />T$ 9 LATE ,MAY & ! BE] FACTORIES HAD BEGUN OP]AT+ AT FULL CAPACITY4 ,!Y DIVID$ ! DAY 9TO ?REE1 EI<T-H\R WORK-%IFTS1 BUT !Y /ILL NE$$ ADDITIONAL 0SEASONAL0 P]SONNEL4 ,DURRUTI WAS AMONG ! FIR/ GR\P ( 0SEASONALS0 S5T BY ! ,FOOD ,WORK]S' ,UNION TO ! ,DAMM ,FACTORY4 ,H[EV]1 :5 ! M5 >RIV$1 !Y W]E DISMAY$ TO DISCOV] ?AT MANAGEM5T AGRE$ TO HIRE ALL ( !M EXCEPT ,DURRUTI4 ,:AT TO DO8 ,!Y IMM$IATELY CONSID]$ GO+ ON /RIKE1 BUT ,DURRUTI SUGGE/$ ANO!R TACTIC ?AT W\LD BE MU* MORE EFFECTIVE3 A BOYCOTT ( ,DAMM'S PRODUCTS4 ,! WORK]S W\LD CONT9UE PRODUC+1 BUT--IF ! BOYCOTT WAS WELL-OR*E/RAT$--! COMPANY W\LD BE UNABLE TO SELL ITS GOODS4 ,?AT IS EXACTLY :AT HAPP5$4 ,9 FACT1 ! ACTION WAS SO POPUL> ?AT NOT ONLY W]E ,DAMM'S PRODUCTS BOYCOTT$ 9 ,B>CELONA1 BUT PORT WORK]S ALSO REFUS$ TO LOAD !M ONTO %IPS & TRANSPORT]S DECL9$ TO F]RY !M >\ND ! C\NTRY4 ,! BE]-MAK] F9ALLY GAVE 9 & NEGOTIAT$ A CONTRACT ) ! ,FOOD ,WORK]S' ,UNION 9 ,APRIL #aice ?AT 5D$ ! BOYCOTT4 ,! CONTRACT WON EI<T MON?S ( BACK PAY = ! UNIONS' WORK]S & REQUIR$ ?AT ! COMPANY REIMBURSE ! UNION = ! CO/S ( UNION PROPAG&A & LAWY]S' FEES 79CURR$ :ILE !Y DEF5D$ WORK]S *>G$ ) SABOTAGE74 ,?IS UNMITIGAT$ VICTORY 9SPIR$ ! ,MORITZ BE] WORK]S TO DEM& SAL>Y 9CREASES & BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS1 BO? ( :I* !Y RECEIV$ IMM$IATELY4 

,! POLITICAL SITUATION WAS BECOM+ EXPLOSIVE :5 ! ,DAMM BOYCOTT WAS DECL>$1 P>TICUL>LY BECAUSE ( ! ,RI<TW+'S POLICIES T[>D ! PEASANTRY & BATTLES OV] ! LAW ON AGRICULTURAL CONTRACTS4 ,SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE--ESPECIALLY 9 ,&ALUSIA--W]E 9CREAS+LY CONFLICT$4 ,! ,F$]ATION ( ,L& ,WORK]S1 :I* WAS A ,U,G,T AFFILIATE BUT 9 OP5 REBELLION AGA9/ ! ORGANIZATION'S NATIONAL LEAD]%IP1 DECL>$ A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,JUNE4 ,AU?ORITIES ?REAT5$ /RIKE LEAD]S ) PRISON1 BUT !Y C>RI$ ON NONE!LESS4 ,! /RIKE WAS G5]AL 9 ,JA51 ,GRANADA1 ,CAC]ES1 ,BADAJOZ1 & ,CIUDAD ,REAL1 & P>TIAL 9 ,CORDOBA & ,TOL$O4 ,C,N,T PEASANTS US$ ! ACTION AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO /R5G!N !IR TIES ) ! ,U,G,T WORK]S & A GRASSROOTS PEASANT ALLIANCE EM]G$1 JU/ AS ! AN>*I/S HAD WANT$4 ,?IS UNIT$ FRONT FROM BEL[--=M$ DIRECTLY BY ! PEASANT WORK]S !MSELVES--FRI<T5$ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O4 ,HE CRITICIZ$ ! PEASANT LEAD]S H>%LY1 ALLEG+ ?AT ! /RIKE WEAK5$ ! WORK]S' CAPACITY TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY'S REVOLUTION>Y PLANS4 ,H[EV]1 :AT ACTUALLY SC>$ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O WAS NOT ! ]OSION ( /R5G?--A DEBATABLE ASS]TION--BUT ! =MATION ( A RANK & FILE WORK]-PEASANT ALLIANCE \TSIDE ! NORMAL *ANNELS ( UNION BUREAUCRACY4 ,IF WORK]S DID ! SAME ?+ ELSE:]E1 !IR GRASSROOTS 9ITIATIVE W\LD OV]:ELM ! ,SOCIALI/ BUREAUCRATS & DISRUPT !IR CONSPIRATORIAL PLANS4 ,?AT WAS ! REAL S\RCE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ LEAD]'S FE>4 

,9 ! HEAT ( !SE EV5TS1 ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE CALL$ A NATIONAL MEET+ ( REGIONALS = ,JUNE #bc 9 ,MADRID4 ,9 ANTICIPATION ( ! MEET+1 IT URG$ REGIONAL ,CONF$]ATIONS TO /UDY ! ISSUE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,ALLIANCE4 

,AL?\< !Y HAD BE5 =C$ TO HOLD ! REGIONAL MEET+ 9 ,CATALONIA CL&E/9ELY1 ! ORGANIZ]S TRI$ TO MAKE IT AS REPRES5TATIVE AS POSSIBLE4 ,DURRUTI PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT 9 PREP>ATIONS = ! GA!R+4 ,FOLL[+ ! EXAMPLE SET BY ! ,&ALUSIAN PEASANTS & O!RS1 ATT5DEES DECID$ TO *ALL5GE ! ,U,G,T & CREAT$ ,ALLIANCE ,COMMITTEES ON WORK]S' F\NDATIONS4 ,!Y ABSOLUTELY DISC>D$ ANY AGREEM5T ) ! ,U,G,T ?AT WAS NOT PREMIS$ ON !IR ,FEBRU>Y CALL = A REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' ALLIANCE4 ,! REGIONAL MEET+ NOM9AT$ ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 & ,EUSEBIO ,C>BO TO DEF5D !SE POSITIONS4 

,!RE WAS AN IMPORTANT DISAGREEM5T BETWE5 ! ,A/URIAN ,REGIONAL & RE/ ( ! C\NTRY AT ! NATIONAL MEET+1 AL?\< WE %\LD NOTE ?AT ! ,C5T] ,REGIONAL DEF5D$ ,A/URIAS 7)\T AGREE+ TO ITS POSITION74 ,! S\RCE ( ! DISAGREEM5T LAY 9 ! FACT ?AT ,C,N,T MILITANTS 9 ,A/URIAS HAD =M$ SOME ALLIANCES ) ! ,U,G,T 9 !IR REGION & ALL[$ ! ,A/URIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION TO BECOME A SIGN] ( !IR ACCORD4 ,CRITICS REPROA*$ !M = ! FOLL[+ REASONS3 

A7 ,! ,U,G,T HAD NOT RESPOND$ TO ! CALL MADE TO IT 9 ,FEBRU>Y & ! ,C,N,T NE$$ TO MA9TA9 A COH]5T POSITION AS A :OLE4 ,A/URIAS WEAK5$ ! ,C,N,T NATIONALLY BY =M+ AN 9DEP5D5T ALLIANCE ) ! ,U,G,T4 

B7 ,A WORK]S' ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! TWO LABOR ORGANIZATIONS IS POSITIVE1 BUT :Y 9CLUDE ! ,A/URIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION8 

C7 ,SU* AN ALLIANCE MADE IT EASI] = ,U,G,T LEAD]S TO DEM& ?AT ! ,C,N,T SIGN AN ACCORD 9 :I* ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY PLAYS A ROLE4 ,?AT W\LD BE A REPETITION ( ! ]RORS ( ! #aiag ALLIANCE4 

,9 ESS5CE1 !Y TOLD ! ,A/URIANS ?AT EV5 ?\< ! EXCEPTIONAL CONDITIONS !Y FAC$ MI<T JU/IFY AN ALLIANCE1 ! PRES5CE ( ! ,A/URIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION W\LD LIMIT ITS EFFECTIV5ESS & HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON ! ,C,N,T NATIONALLY4 7,! BEHAVIOR ( ! ,AU/URIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION DUR+ LAT] EV5TS 9 ,OCTOB] WILL REVEAL ! CORRECTNESS ( ?IS ASS]TION47 ,GIV5 ! S]I\S DEBATES AT ! MEET+1 & ! HEAVY *>GES LEVEL$ AGA9/ ! ,A/URIANS1 WE WILL CONCLUDE \R ACC\NT ( ?IS ,C,N,T MEET+ ) ! ,A/URIAN DELEGATE'S SUMM>Y3  
  

,AFT] ASSESS+ ! REBELLION 9 ,>AGON1 :I* ONLY HAD WEAK E*OES 9 O!R P>TS ( ,SPA91 !RE WAS A PASSIONATE DEBATE AB\T ! ,WORK] ,ALLIANCE4 ,SOME REPROA*$ \R ,REGIONAL = SIGN+ A PACT ) ! ,U,G,T 9 ,M>*4 ,!RE W]E DESP]ATE ATTEMPTS TO F9D COMMON GR\ND & ]ASE OR AT LEA/ EASE ! T5SIONS1 BUT ! DISAGREEM5TS W]E MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! G5]\S EF=TS ( ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 ,OROBON ,F]N&EZ1 ,EJ>QUE1 ,S]V5T1 & ,M>T9EZ 7TO M5TION ONLY A FEW74 ,! NATIONAL MEET+ C\LD ONLY AGREE ?AT A NATIONAL DELIB]ATION ON ! MATT] W\LD DET]M9E1 BY MEANS ( A VOTE1 ! ,C,N,T'S POSITION ON ?IS ISSUE4 

,! MEET+ S5T ! FOLL[+ M&ATE TO ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE3 IT WAS TO CALL A NATIONAL CONF]5CE ( UNIONS )9 ! ?REE MON?S & ! DECISIONS MADE !RE W\LD BE B9D+ = ALL REGIONALS4 ,A/URIAS W\LD RESC9D ! ALLIANCE AGREEM5T1 IF ?AT WAS ! FREELY EXPRESS$ WILL ( ! MAJORITY ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,OR1 IF ! CONF]5CE SUPPORTS ! ,A/URIAN POSITION1 ! ,WORK]S' ,ALLIANCE1 :I* WAS PREVI\SLY NOT VALID \TSIDE \R REGION1 W\LD !N BECOME NATIONAL4 

,! REVOLUTION ( ,OCTOB] EXPLOD$ ?REE MON?S AFT] ! MEET+4 ,S9CE ! NATIONAL CONF]5CE ( UNIONS HAD NOT OCCURR$1 WE ALONE REMA9 RESPONSIBLE = \R 9T]V5TION 9 ! ,A/URIAS REBELLION1 EV5 IF EV]YONE HAS SUFF]$ ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! FAILURE4.<#d#f.>  
  

,:5 ! NATIONAL MEET+ 5D$1 ! ,CATALAN DELEGATES RETURN$ TO ,B>CELONA & REPORT$ TO A CL&E/9E REGIONAL MEET+4 ,EV]YONE C\LD SEE ?AT ! POLICE COMM&$ BY ! RUL+ ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA CONT9U$ !IR P]SECUTION ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,!Y BECAME EV5 MORE SEV]E AFT] ,D5CAS OCCUPI$ ! ,CATALAN ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY ON ,JUNE #a4 

,! ,ESQU]RA WAS CREAT+ A VOLATILE 5VIRONM5T 9 ,CATALONIA BY EXASP]AT+ ITS CONFLICTS ) ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,IT REPEAT$LY DECL>$ ?AT IT W\LD DEF5D ,CATALAN LIB]TIES ) >MS 9 H&4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE IT RAV$ AB\T ,CATALAN FRE$OMS1 ! WORK+ CLASS--( :I* SIXTY P]C5T BELONG$ TO ! ,C,N,T--DID NOT EV5 5JOY ! RI<T ( ASSEMBLY4 ,PROPAG&A & REALITY W]E AT ODDS4 ,IF ,COMPANYS HOP$ TO ATTRACT ! WORK]S TO HIS P>TY1 HIS /RATEGY WAS A DISA/]3 HE W\LD NOT APPEAL TO ! WORK]S BY TRY+ TO DISASSOCIATE !M FROM AN ORGANIZATION ?AT F\<T = !IR 9T]E/S SO RESOLUTELY4 ,A ,CATALANI/ REVOLT =G$ 9 SU* A WAY WAS DE/9$ TO FAIL4 ,! FULL 0COMPLEXITY0 ( ?IS ,SOCIALI/-,CATALAN CONSPIRACY WILL PROBABLY NEV] COME TO LI<T1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT ITS PR9CIPLE PROTAGONI/S >E ?OSE MO/ 9T]E/$ 9 CONCEAL+ ! HI/ORY ( AN UPRIS+ CONCEIV$ BY /RATEGI/S :O TOOK !IR DESIRES = REALITY4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY'S DEFEAT 9 ! ,NOVEMB] ELECTIONS IGNIT$ A COLLISION BETWE5 ! ANTAGONI/IC T5D5CIES )9 ! P>TY4 ,EA* ONE PROVID$ ITS [N ANALYSIS ( ! FIASCO4 

,AFT] A VIGOR\S 9T]NAL /RUGGLE1 ! ,S,P DECID$ UPON ON A REVOLUTION>Y ACTION PROGRAM 9 ,JANU>Y #aicd 7:I* ,EL ,LIB]AL FIR/ REVEAL$ TWO YE>S LAT]74 ,ITS GOAL WAS TO =CE ! ,RI<T FROM P[] & PUT ITSELF 9 ITS PLACE4 ,!IR PROGRAM DID NOT ANTICIPATE ANY ALLIANCES3 ! REVOLUTION W\LD BE ! WORK ( ! ,U,G,T & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ALONE4 ,! CONSPIRATORS DRAFT$ !IR BATTLE PLAN ON ?AT ASSUMPTION1 :I* HELPS EXPLA9 :Y !Y DID NOT RESPOND TO ! ,C,N,T'S ,FEBRU>Y #aicd CALL = A REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE4 ,:AT WAS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,CATALAN CONSPIRATORS & ! ,SOCIALI/S 9 ,JULY #a#i#c#d8 ,!RE WAS A CONV]SATION BETWE5 ,S,P M5 & ,COMPANYS'S REPRES5TATIVE 9 ,MADRID 7,LLUHI71 9 :I* ,LLUHI TOLD ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ?AT ! ,CATALANS HAD NO 9T5TION ( H&+ OV] P[] IF ! ,MADRID GOV]NM5T DECL>$ A /ATE ( EM]G5CY4 ,BUT1 O!RWISE1 !RE IS REASON TO ?9K ?AT ! ,SOCIALI/S--ESPECIALLY AFT] !IR ELECTORAL DEFEAT--W\LD HAVE BE5 SUPPORTIVE ( ! ,CATALANS4 ,9 REALITY1 ! ,CATALANS DID NOT FIGURE 9TO !IR PLANS1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT FACTOR+ 9 ! ,CATALANS W\LD HAVE REQUIR$ ?AT !Y DEAL ) ! ,C,N,T1 ! ONLY S]I\S =CE 9 ! /RUGGLE 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,?IS 5ABLES US TO CONCLUDE ?AT ! ,CATALAN REVOLT BE+ PLANN$1 AS WELL AS ! APPE>ANCE ( A ,WORK] ,ALLIANCE 9 ! REGION--BAS$ ( ! ,BLOC ,OBR] I ,CAMP]OL HAD NO RELATION TO ! ,SOCIALI/S' DESIGNS ON P[]4 

,AL?\< ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY HAD SUMM>IZ$ ITS AIMS 9 A PROGRAM ?AT !Y W\LD IMPLEM5T IF !Y TOOK P[]1 !Y HADN'T SET ! DATE = !IR REBELLION4 ,! ,SOCIALI/S ULTIMATELY DECID$ ?AT !Y W\LD SET (F ! REVOLT AS SOON AS ! ,C,$,A JO9$ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,?AT WAS A GOOD PRETEXT1 BECAUSE ! ,C,$,A'S 5TRANCE 9TO ! GOV]NM5T W\LD VIOLATE ! CON/ITUTION1 GIV5 ?AT IT HAD NOT DECL>$ ITS SUPPORT = ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,JOSE ,M>IA ,GIL ,ROBLES1 ! KEY MAN 9 ?IS P]IOD1 UND]/OOD ?AT HE ALONE W\LD DET]M9E :E!R OR NOT ! ,SOCIALI/S ROSE UP4 ,IT WAS IMPORTANT = ,GIL ,ROBLES TO HAVE ! 9ITIATIVE1 BECAUSE IT P]MITT$ HIM TO PLOT HIS M>* TO P[] 9 ! BE/ POSSIBLE CONDITIONS4 ,HIS FIR/ /EP WAS TO LEAVE ! ,L]R\XI/AS--:O W]E BUSY ABOLI%+ ! FEW POSITIVE RE=MS A*IEV$ DUR+ ! PREVI\S BI5NIUM--:I* HE IMAG9$ W\LD ALL[ ! ,C,$,A TO APPE> UNTA9T$ 9 ! EYES ( ! PUBLIC4 

,RIC>DO ,SAMP]'S CLUMSY H&L+ ( ! ,CATALAN PROBLEM COMPLICAT$ ?+S4 ,& !Y BECAME EV5 MORE COMPLICAT$ :5 ! ,TREASURY ,M9I/] TRI$ TO 9/ITUTE A NEW TAX POLICY 9 ! ,BASQUE REGION1 :I* R$UC$ ! ALREADY SC>CE LIB]TIES POSSESS$ BY ! ,BASQUE PEOPLES4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ! MUNICIPALITIES D5I$ P[] TO ! PROV9CIAL ,DEPUTATIONS & ELECT$ ,MANAGEM5T ,BO>DS ?AT W\LD TAKE RESPONSIBILITY = COLLECT+ & ADM9I/]+ TAXES 7,AUGU/ #a#b74 .<#d#g.> ,! ,MADRID GOV]NM5T RETALIAT$ BY DECL>+ ?OSE ELECTIONS ILLEGAL4 ,JU/ LIKE 9 ,CATALONIA1 ! GOV]NM5T TRANS=M$ AN ADM9I/RATIVE PROBLEM 9TO A POLITICAL ONE4 

,) ! ,BASQUE & ,CATALAN CRISES1 ! SITUATION WAS BECOM+ UNCONTROLLABLE4 ,IT W\LD ONLY TAKE A SP>K TO SET (F A WIDESPREAD REVOLT4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ON ! O!R SIDE ( ,EUROPE1 IMPORTANT ?+S W]E HAPP5+ 9 ,RUSSIA ?AT W\LD HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT 9 ,SPA94 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL BEGAN TO MAKE A TURN1 :I* WAS A PRELUDE TO :AT W\LD BECOME ! !ORY ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT A YE> LAT]4 ,WE WILL EXPLORE ! REASONS = ?IS *ANGE BEL[1 BUT H]E IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ON ,MAY #ca ! ,FR5* ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY GOT ! GRE5 LI<T TO =M ALLIANCES ) ?OSE :O HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 ITS 5EMY3 ! RE=MI/ SOCIALI/S & ,FR5* P>LIAM5T>IANS1 :OM !Y HAD LABEL$ 0SOCIAL-FASCI/S0 BE=E4 ,FR5* ,SOCIALI/S & ,COMMUNI/S SIGN$ AN AGREEM5T CALL+ = MUTUAL RESPECT4 ,! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/S RECEIV$ ! SAME ORD]S AS ! ,FR5* &1 TO +RATIATE !MSELVES ) ! ,SOCIALI/S1 HURRI$ TO BURY !IR PA/ ANTAGONISM4 

,BE=E ,AUGU/1 :5 ! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7,P,C,E7 BEGAN ITS TURN1 ! P>TY HAD V]Y LIMIT$ 9FLU5CE4 ,IT DID NOT W9 EV5 ONE DEPUTY'S SEAT 9 ! #aica ELECTIONS & WON ONLY ONE 9 #aicc 7?IS C&IDATE DID NOT RUN 9 ! P>TY'S NAME & HIS VICTORY WAS A RESULT ( HIS P]SONAL POPUL>ITY 9 WORK]S' CIRCLES74 ,IT IS DIFFICULT TO SPECIFY ! ,P,C,E'S SIZE1 BUT IT PROBABLY HAD LESS ?AN T5 ?\S& MEMB]S1 :I* IS A LAU<ABLE NUMB]1 CONSID]+ ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAD #a1#b1 MEMB]S & ! HI< DEGREE ( POLITICIZATION AMONG ,SPANI% WORK]S G5]ALLY4 

,:Y DID ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ALL[ ! ,P,C,E TO 5T] ! ,WORK] ,ALLIANCE8 ,! ANSW] LAY 9 ! TRANS=MATIONS ?AT ,L>GO ,CABALL]O EXP]I5C$ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,M>XI/-,L59I/S ,ALV>EZ DEL ,VAYO & ,>AQUI/A94 ,LIKEWISE1 ! MEAG] SIZE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 5ABL$ ,SOCIALI/S TO ?9K ?AT IT W\LD BE A PALATABLE TRAVEL+ COMPANION4 ,?US1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#b1 #a#i#c#d1 ! ,COMMUNI/S JO9$ ! ,WORK] ,ALLIANCE2 A BODY :OSE NAME COV]$ UP ! MURKY DEAL BETWE5 ! ,S,P & ,P,C,E 7?AT IS1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & ! ,/AL9I/S ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL74 

,GIL ,ROBLES TOOK ! FLOOR ( ! ,P>LIAM5T ON ,OCTOB] #a1 #aicd & GAVE AN ULTIMATUM TO ,SAMP]'S GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS TRIGG]$ A M9I/]IAL CRISIS &1 ) IT1 ! REVOLT4 ,EV]Y?+ 9DICATES ?AT ,GIL ,ROBLES CONSCI\SLY SELECT$ ! DATE ( HIS SPEE* UND] ! PREMISE ?AT IF !RE HAD TO BE A REBELLION1 IT W\LD BE BE/ TO PROVOKE IT4 ,! ,SOCIALI/S FELL 9TO !IR [N TRAP & AGGRAVAT$ !IR ]ROR EV5 MORE BY TRY+ TO SAVE ! LEGAL ASPECT ( !IR REVOLT1 ?US DEPRIV+ !MSELVES ( !IR BE/ *ANCE ( VICTORY4 ,AFT] ,GIL ,ROBLES'S ULTIMATUM & A SUSP5SION ( ! SESSION1 ! GOV]NM5T WAS 9 CRISIS4 

,IF ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY HAD REALLY WANT$ TO SEIZE P[]1 IT W\LD HAVE DECL>$ A G5]AL /RIKE & UNLEA%$ ! UPRIS+ ON ,OCTOB] #b4 ,IT W\LD HAVE RECOV]$ ! 9ITIATIVE BY DO+ SO1 S9CE1 9 SU* CONDITIONS1 ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA W\LD NOT HAVE AGRE$ TO ! ,C,$,A'S 5TRANCE 9TO ! GOV]NM5T OR1 IF HE DID1 :AT ! ,SOCIALI/S HAD BE5 PREV5T+--AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ,U,G,T--W\LD HAVE EM]G$ SPONTANE\SLY 9 ! /REET4 ,P]HAPS ?AT IS :Y ! ,S,P & ! ,U,G,T REMA9$ PASSIVE & WAIT$ = ! ,C,$,A TO 5T] ! GOV]NM5T ON ,OCTOB] #d BE=E DECL>+ A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,:ATEV] ! CASE1 :AT IS C]TA9 IS ?AT ,G5]AL ,FRANCO (FICIALLY 5T]$ ! ,G5]AL ,/AFF ( ! ,>MY & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 9ITIAT$ A /RUGGLE ?AT WAS OV] BE=E IT BEGAN4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #b -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/