,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ae 
,PRISON] 9 ,EL ,PU]TO ,DE ,SANTA ,M>IA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,V4 ,PRISON] 9 ,EL ,PU]TO DE ,SANTA ,M>IA 

  

,LIKE MANY ( ?OSE :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,JANU>Y #h REBELLION1 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO W]E ABLE TO ELUDE ! POLICE & DISAPPE> = A TIME :ILE !Y WAIT$ = ! /ORM TO PASS4 

,! ,POLICE ,*IEF WAS !N ! EX-CONSPIRATOR ,MIGUEL ,BADIA4 ,9 #a#i#b#e1 HE HAD PLANT$ A BOMB ON ! ,G>RAF COA/ 9 AN ATTEMPT TO BL[ UP ! TRA9 C>RY+ ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I TO ,B>CELONA4 ,HE ASK$ ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS TO HELP HIM C>RY \T ! ATTACK & !Y PROVID$ HIM ) ! DYNAMITE ?AT HE NE$$4 ,MIGUEL ,BADIA ?US HAD EXT5SIVE & LONG/&+ KN[L$GE ( ! AN>*I/S1 AL?\< ?AT DID NOT /OP HIM FROM BE+ A MU* MORE VIOL5T ,POLICE ,*IEF ) ! ,CONF$]ALS ?AN ,COLONEL ,JOSE ,>LEGUI4 ,9DUC$ BY A HATR$ ( AN>*ISM1 HE TOOK ! REPRESSION TO ! EXTREME1 P>TICUL>LY AGA9/ ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 :O ESCAP$ DEA? BY A PURE MIRACLE4 ,) RESPECT TO ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO1 HE SWORE ?AT HE W\LD BEAT !M TO A PULP AS SOON AS HE LAID A H& ON !M4 

,! DAYS PASS$ SL[LY = ! TWO M5 HUNT$ BY ,BADIA1 :O W]E HID+ 9 A H\SE 9 ,HORTA4 ,DURRUTI PROBABLY SAW HIS DAU<T] & COMPAN]A MORE FREQU5TLY DUR+ ! TWO MON?S ?AT HE SP5T CONCEAL$ !RE ?AN AT ANY O!R TIME1 S9CE HE WAS 9 ! HOME ( ! P]SON :O C>$ = ,COLETTE :5 ,MIMI BEGAN WORK+ 9 ! C9EMA BOX (FICE4 

,9 ,M>* #a#i#c#c1 SOME UNIONS & LIB]T>IAN AT5EOS W]E CLOS$ & ,SOLI WAS BANN$1 BUT ! ,C,N,T (FICIALLY C>RI$ ON ITS ACTIVITY4 ,AS PREVI\SLY NOT$1 ! ,C,N,T'S ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE CALL$ A MEET+ >\ND ! TIME ?AT SETTL$ ! CONFLICT ) 0! ,?IRTY40 ,!Y & !IR SUPPORT]S =MALLY SPLIT FROM ! ,C,N,T & SOON =M$ 0,OPPOSITION ,UNIONS10 :I* CONT9U$ TO ID5TIFY AS REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/4 ,:ILE ! ,C,N,T WAS BREAK+ 9 TWO1 !RE WAS ALSO A DEEP CRISIS 9 ! GOV]NM5T AS A RESULT ( ,AZANA'S VIOL5T CAMPAIGN 9 ,JANU>Y1 :I* REA*$ NEW HEI<TS ( B>B>ISM 9 ,CASAS ,VIEJAS4 ,:5 ! ,P>LIAM5T MET 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 ,$U>DO ,ORTEGA Y ,GASSET1 A MEMB] ( ! ,RADICAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEFT AT ! TIME1 QUE/ION$ ! GOV]NM5T AB\T :AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,CASAS ,VIEJAS4 ,AZANA CONSULT$ BRIEFLY ) ,C>LOS ,ESPLA1 ! SUB-SECRET>Y ( ! ,9T]IOR1 & !N CYNICALLY REPLI$3 0,NO?+ HAPP5$ 9 ,CASAS ,VIEJAS BUT :AT HAD TO HAPP540 ,9 G5]AL1 ! PUBLIC WAS /ILL UNAW>E ( ! FULL HORROR ( EV5TS !RE4 ,IT ALSO DIDN'T KN[ ?AT ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D HAD SEIZ$ ! T[N & ?AT A SECTION ( ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS >RIV$ LAT] & BEGAN A H\SE-TO-H\SE RAID4 ,9 ONE ( !SE1 AN OLD PEASANT NICKNAM$ 0SIX F+]S0 HAD DUG HIMSELF 9 ) HIS *ILDR51 GR&*ILDR51 & TWO NEI<BORS4 ,!Y REFUS$ TO SURR5D]4 ,MORE ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS >RIV$ ) MA*9E-GUNS1 :O W]E UND] ! COMM& ( ,CAPTA9 ,ROJAS4 ,! SIEGE LA/$ ?R\<\T ! NI<T4 ,AT DAWN1 ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS SET FIRE TO ! HOVEL 7MORE ( A HUT ?AN A HOME71 :I* COLLAPS$ 9 FLAMES4 0,SIX F+]S0 WAS 9C9]AT$ 9 ! BLAZE1 & ,GU>DS MA*9E-GUNN$ ?OSE ATTEMPT+ TO FLEE4 ,!RE WAS SOME?+ ELSE ?AT ! PUBLIC DIDN'T KN[ AT ! TIME1 BUT ?AT A JUDICIAL SUMM>Y & P>LIAM5T>Y 9VE/IGATION REVEAL$ LAT]3 TWO H\RS AFT] BURN+ D[N ! HUT ?AT 0SIX F+]S0 LIV$ 91 ,CAPTA9 ,ROJAS ORD]$ AN ATTACK ON ! T[N & EXECUT$ ELEV5 PEOPLE 9 IT = NO REASON :ATSOEV]4 ,DID ,AZANA KN[ ! MAGNITUDE ( ! SAVAG]Y8 ,IF NOT1 HE WAS OBLIG$ TO F9D \T AB\T IT & NOT REPLY1 AS HE DID1 AS IF ! PEASANTS W]E ANIMALS4 

,! CRIMES 9 ,CASAS ,VIEJAS W]E V]Y USEFUL = ! ,RI<TW+ & ITS W> AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLICAN ,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T WAS SO /UPID ?AT IT P]SEV]$ 9 ITS REPRESSIVE CONDUCT1 !REBY EXASP]AT+ ! ,C,N,T & GIV+ MORE WEAPONS TO ITS POLITICAL 5EMIES4 ,AZANA & HIS CAB9ET LO/ ALL !IR CR$IBILITY--:AT LITTLE !Y /ILL HAD--9 ! TWO-MON? P>LIAM5T>Y DEBATE ?AT FOLL[$4 ,! GOV]NM5T'S SITUATION BECAME EV5 WORSE :5 IT CAME TO LI<T ?AT ,AZANA HAD TOLD ,CAPTA9 ,ROJAS TO 0TAKE NO PRISON]S40 

,:5 ! P>LIAM5T>Y DEBATE WAS AT ITS MO/ BITT]1 ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,&ALUSIA & ,EXTREMADURA CALL$ AN ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,CONGRESS ( ,UNIONS 9 ,SEVILLA ON ,M>* #b#g4 ,AVEL9O ,GONZALEZ ,MALLADA REPRES5T$ ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,LOCAL ,C,N,T MEMB]S ASK$ ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE TO S5D SEV]AL ORATORS TO SPEAK AT ! ,CONGRESS'S CLOS+ RALLY AS WELL AS O!R EV5TS ?AT !Y HAD PLANN$ 9 ,&ALUSIA4 ,IT GAVE ?IS MISSION TO ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 & ,VIC5TE ,P]EZ ,COMB9A1 :O LEFT ,B>CELONA = ,SEVILLA 9 LATE ,M>*4 

,NUM]\S LOCALITIES 9 ,&ALUSIA & ,EXTREMADURA ORGANIZ$ RALLIES & CONF]5CES 9 !IR RESPECTIVE >EAS :5 !Y LE>N$ ?AT ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO W\LD BE PASS+ ?R\<4 ,! ,C,N,T'S ,PROPAG&A ,SECRET>Y 9 ! REGION COLLECT$ SEV5TY-FIVE REQUE/S = PUBLIC EV5TS1 :I* HE HURRI$ TO PRES5T TO ! ,CIVIL ,GOV]NM5T 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 ! NECESS>Y AU?ORIZATION TO HOLD !M4 ,?IS WAS A =MALITY3 ! ,GOV]NOR C\LD ONLY D5Y SU* PETITIONS 9 EXCEPTIONAL CASES1 SU* AS :5 DECL>$ M>TIAL LAW HAD BE5 DECL>$1 :I* WAS NOT ! CASE 9 ,&ALUSIA AT ! TIME4 

,! ,APRIL #g CLOS+ RALLY WAS A SUCCESS4 ,! !AT] :]E IT TOOK PLACE WAS TOO SMALL TO ACCOMMODATE ALL ! ATT5DEES & ORGANIZ]S HAD TO PLACE AMPLIFI]S ON ! /REET SO ?AT ?OSE \TSIDE C\LD LI/5 TO ! SPEE*ES4 

,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 ,COMB9A1 & SEV]AL O!R MILITANTS PLANN$ TO />T !IR PROPAG&A T\R ?R\< ! PROV9CE ( ,SEVILLA ON ,APRIL #h4 ,! NI<T ( ! RALLY !Y MET ) ,AVEL9O ,GONZALEZ ,MALLADA & ,PAUL9O ,DIEZ & UNSUCCESSFULLY TRI$ TO CONV9CE !M TO P>TICIPATE 9 SOME ( ! EV5TS PLANN$ 9 ! #af VILLAGES4 ,AVEL9O SAID ?AT HE HAD TOO MANY OBLIGATIONS 9 ,MADRID & LEFT = ! CAPITAL 9 ! E>LY MORN+ ( ! FOLL[+ DAY4 ,! POLICE %[$ UP AT ! BO>D+ H\SE :]E !Y W]E ALL /AY+ %ORTLY AFT] ,MALLADA'S DEP>TURE4 ,!Y TOLD !M TO COME TO ! ,POLICE ,/ATION1 )\T EXPLA9+ :Y4 ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 & ,COMB9A W5T & ! 9SPECTOR 9=M$ !M ?AT !Y W]E UND] >RE/ = 09SULTS TO AU?ORITY & 9CITATION TO REBELLION10 CRIMES ?AT !Y HAD COMMITT$ DUR+ ! PREVI\S DAY'S RALLY4 ,AU?ORITIES S5T !M TO ! ,SEVILLA PRISON UND] ?IS *>GE4 ,PAUL9O ,DIEZ JO9$ !M %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 AS A 0GOV]NM5TAL PRISON]40 

,! ,SEVILLA PRISON WAS PACK$ ) M5 ?AT ! POLICE HAD >RE/$ ?AT DAY4 ,NO ONE KNEW :Y !Y W]E BE+ DETA9$4 

,VIC5TE ,BALLE/]1 SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T'S ,&ALUSIA & ,EXTREMADURA ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 MET ) ! ,GOV]NOR1 ,MR4 ,LABELLA1 & ASK$ HIM :Y ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 & ,COMB9A HAD BE5 SEIZ$4 ,! ,GOV]NOR RESPOND$ ?AT HE 0>RE/$ !M TO EXPEL !M FROM ,&ALUSIA .<AS P]MITT$ BY ! 0,LAW = ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REPUBLIC0.> BECAUSE HE WASN'T GO+ TO TOL]ATE AN>*I/ PROPAG&A 9 ! >EA40 ,! GOV]NOR'S ATTITUDE PRECLUD$ ANY O!R ATTEMPT TO SECURE !IR FRE$OM & !Y HAD NO *OICE BUT TO TRY TO SETTLE ! 09SULTS0 *>GE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE4 ,AS EXPECT$1 ! JUDGE VISIT$ !M 9 PRISON & COMMUNICAT$ ! *>GES TO ,DURRUTI & ,COMB9A 7,ASCASO HADN'T SPOK5 AT ! RALLY74 ,HE ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ! CRIME WAS M9OR & SAID ?AT !Y W\LD BE RELEAS$ ONCE !Y PAID ONE ?\S& PESETAS 9 BAIL EA*4 ,F\R DAYS AFT] ! VISIT1 ,VIC5TE ,BALLE/] GAVE ! BAIL TO ! JUDGE & SIGN$ = ! DETA9EES' FRE$OM4 ,BUT1 JU/ AS !Y W]E AB\T TO BE LET \T1 AU?ORITIES TOLD !M ?AT !IR 9C>C]ATION W\LD CONT9UE3 AT ! ,GOV]NOR'S REQUE/ !Y W\LD REMA9 AS GOV]NM5TAL PRISON]S4 ,! ,MADRID PAP]S REPORT$ ON ,DURRUTI'S >RE/4 ,! ,LA ,VOZ NEWSPAP] /AT$ ?AT 0IT WAS BECAUSE ,DURRUTI WAS ORGANIZ+ AN UPRIS+ 9 ,&ALUSIA SIMIL> TO ! ONE ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 ,B>CELONA ON ,JANU>Y #h40 

,PIO ,B>OJA WAS 9 ,MADRID AT ?AT TIME & DECID$ ?AT HE WANT$ TO MEET ) ,DURRUTI :5 HE LE>N$ AB\T HIS DET5TION4 ,HE TRAVEL$ TO ,SEVILLA = ! PURPOSE & SAW HIM BEH9D B>S4 ,AB\T !IR MEET+1 ,DURRUTI WROTE3 0,:5 ,PIO ,B>OJA CAME TO SEE ME 9 ! ,SEVILLA PRISON HE TOLD ME3 ',IT'S T]RIBLE :AT !Y DO TO Y\ ALL6' ,& ,I ASK$ HIM3 ',:AT POSITION1 ,MR4 ,PIO1 DO Y\ ?9K WE %\LD TAKE T[>D !SE >BITR>Y MEASURES8' ,HE DIDN'T KN[ :AT TO SAY4 ,I LAT] READ AN >TICLE ?AT HE PUBLI%$ 9 ,AHORA :I* CONTA9$ ! RESPONSE ?AT HE DIDN'T D>E GIVE ME ?R\< B>S40 .<#c#g#i.> 

,WE HAVE BE5 UNABLE TO LOCATE ! >TICLE M5TION$ BY ,DURRUTI & !RE=E DO NOT KN[ :AT ,PIO ,B>OJA ASS]T$ 9 IT4 ,BUT WE DO KN[ ?AT ,DURRUTI HAD EX]CIS$ A /RONG ATTRACTION ON ! WRIT] S9CE !IR MEET+ 9 ,B>CELONA AFT] ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,B>OJA COMP>$ ,DURRUTI TO ,PABLO ,IGLESIAS 9 HIS MEMOIRS3 0,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI WAS DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ,PABLO ,IGLESIAS4 ,HE WAS NOT DOCTR9AIRE2 HE WAS A CONDOTTI]O1 RE/LESS1 BOLD1 & VALIANT4 ,ONE C\LD SEE HIM AS ! 9C>NATION ( ! ,SPANI% GU]RILLA4 ,HE HAD ALL ! TRAITS ( ! TYPE3 C\RAGE1 %REWDNESS1 G5]OSITY1 CRUELTY1 B>B>ITY1 & A DEP? ( SPIRITUAL HE>T4 ,9 ANO!R EPO*1 HE W\LD HAVE DONE V]Y WELL AS A ,CAPTA9 ) ,EL ,EMPEC9ADO1 ) ,ZURBANO1 OR ,PRIM4444 ,DURRUTI APPE>$ 9 ! RECEPTION ROOM ( ! HOTEL ON ! ,RAMBLA1 :]E TWO OR ?REE ( HIS FRI5DS & ,I W]E4 ,HIS PRES5CE AL>M$ MANY ( ?OSE !RE1 SO ,I SUGGE/$ ?AT WE GO TO A CAFE ON A NE>BY SIDE /REET4 ,WE SAT & *ATT$ 9 ?IS SMALL CAFE40 ,PIO ,B>OJA RECORD$ A CONV]SATION AB\T ,DURRUTI'S ADV5TURES--:I* ! READ] ALREADY KN[S & WE WILL NOT REPEAT--& CLE>LY TOOK PLEASURE 9 ?IS LIT]>Y P]SONAGE4 0,DURRUTI IS ! TYPE TO HAVE A ROMANTIC BIOGRAPHY1 ON A %EET ( /R+ LIT]ATURE .< LIT]ATURA DE CORDEL.> ) A BLURRY 5GRAV+ ON ! FRONT40 .<#c#h.> ,B>OJA ESCAP$ ! TEMPTATION TO MAKE HIM 9TO A LIT]>Y *>ACT]1 P]HAPS BECAUSE ! FLE% & BLOOD ,DURRUTI WAS SIMPLY TOO REAL4 ,! SAME IS TRUE ( ,ILYA ,EHR5BURG1 :O ALSO SPOKE ) HIM >\ND ?AT TIME4 

,! QUALITIES ?AT ATTRACT$ 9TELLECTUALS TO ,DURRUTI T]RIFI$ ! POLITICIANS ?AT GOV]N$ ,SPA94 ,AFT] HIS >RE/1 ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA HURL$ ! MO/ ABJECT EPI!TS AT HIM2 CALL+ HIM AN 0IDL] & DEL9QU5T0 & O!R 9SULTS ( ! NATURE4 ,HE WAS PREP>+ TO APPLY ! LAW ON VAGRANCY APPROV$ BY ! ,REPUBLICAN-,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T4 ,NATURALLY1 HE W\LD NOT USE IT = 0P>ASITES & IDL]S0 BY TRADE1 BUT = ! MILITANT WORK]S ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I4 

,?IS TIME ,DURRUTI & HIS COMRADES WILL BE IMPRISON$ 9 T]RIBLE CONDITIONS FROM ,APRIL #b TO ,OCTOB] #a1 )\T KN[+ :Y4 

,! ,GOV]NOR ( ,SEVILLA ORD]$ ! TRANSF] ( HIS F\R FAM\S DETA9EES--,ASCASO1 ,COMB9A1 ,DURRUTI1 & ,DIEZ--TO ! ,EL ,PU]TO DE ,SANTA ,M>IA P5IT5TI>Y4 ,9 MID-,APRIL1 !Y 5T]$ :AT WAS KN[N AS ! 0,&ALUSIAN ,MONTJUI*10 :I* WAS US$ = PREV5TATIVE DET5TIONS4 ,! PRISON HAD TWO W+S3 ONE = ?OSE :O HAD BE5 S5T5C$ & ! O!R = ?OSE AWAIT+ S5T5C+1 AL?\< ! PRISON REGIME WAS ID5TICAL = BO? TYPES ( 9MATES4 ,IT WAS LIKE ?IS DUR+ ! ,REPUBLIC & ALSO UND] ,G5]AL ,FRANCO4 ,! CLIMATE IS BAD1 ! FOOD ABYSMAL1 & ! UNSANIT>Y CONDITIONS CAUS$ A HI< RATE ( TUB]CULOSIS AMONG ! PRISON]S4 

,:5 ! F\R AN>*I/S 5T]$ ! P5IT5TI>Y1 !Y W]E IMM$IATELY PLAC$ 9 CELLS & HELD 9COMMUNICADO4 ,PRISON REGULATIONS 9DICAT$ ?AT 9MATES C\LD WRITE FAMILY MEMB]S ONCE WEEKLY & ?AT LETT]S OR C>DS HAD TO BE DELIV]$ OP51 SO ?AT ! C5SOR C\LD READ !M4 ,DURRUTI & HIS COMRADES PROTE/$ !SE RE/RICTIONS1 ALLEG+ ?AT !Y HAD NOT BE5 *>G$ ) ANY?+ & DIDN'T EV5 KN[ :Y !Y W]E !RE4 ,DURRUTI DECRI$ !SE CIRCUM/ANCES 9 LETT]S ?AT HE SMUGGL$ \T & ?AT ,EL ,LU*ADOR & ,MADRID'S ,C,N,T PUBLI%$4 ,PAUL9O ,DIEZ ALSO D5\NC$ 79 A LETT] SNUCK \T7 !IR CONDITIONS3 0,! TREATM5T IS REPUGNANT & ! FOOD T]RIBLE4 ,A MAN SUBJECT$ TO ?IS IS B\ND TO GO CRAZY4 ,?IS IS A FACTORY = MAK+ LUNATICS1 AS ,TORHYO SAID ( ! 9SANE ASYLUM6 ,! REGIME ( 0BREAD & WAT]0 IS SO COMMON ?AT IT'S NORMAL4 ,!Y =C$ IT ON ONE COMRADE = N9ETY-F\R DAYS4444 ,I ASK$ TO SEE ! DOCTOR F\R DAYS AGO & /ILL HAV5'T SE5 HIM4 ,EV]YDAY ,I TELL ! CL]K ?AT ,I NE$ M$ICAL ATT5TION1 BUT NO?+ HAPP5S4 ,MY /OMA* PROBLEMS >E GETT+ WORSE1 & N[ ,I PRODUCE BLOOD :ILE HAV+ B[EL MOVEM5TS4 ,BUT Y\ CAN'T COMPLA91 BECAUSE !Y'LL PUNI% Y\ IF Y\ DO4 ,! ?REAT ( 0BREAD & WAT]0 =CES Y\ TO GNAW ON Y\R 5TRAILS & EAT FI/S ( ANG]40 

,9 ,JUNE1 ,DURRUTI S5T HIS COMPAN]A A LETT] 7ALWAYS BY ! SAME R\TE3 0! SUBM>9E074 ,HE WROTE3  
  

,COMRADES FROM ,SEVILLA CAME H]E ON ,SUNDAY1 BUT W]5'T ABLE TO SPEAK ) US4 ,:5 WE F\ND \T AB\T ?IS1 ,ASCASO & ,I W5T TO SEE ! W>D51 SO ?AT HE W\LD TELL US IF WE'RE BE+ HELD 9COMMUNICADO4 ,HE TOLD US ?AT IT'S NOT HIS FAULT1 BUT ! POLICE'S DO+1 S9CE ! 0,CADIZ POLICE COME ON VISIT+ DAYS TO SEE :O ASKS TO SPEAK ) Y\ & DEM& ,I,D FROM ANYONE WANT+ TO SEE ,COMB9A1 ,DIEZ1 OR Y\ TWO40 ,?AT PREV5TS MANY COMRADES FROM VISIT+ US444 ,WE'VE PROTE/$ AGA9/ !SE IRREGUL>ITIES1 BUT !Y DON'T DO ANY GOOD1 S9CE WE'RE DO+ SO FROM 9SIDE4 ,IT'S ! COMRADES ON ! /REET :O HAVE TO CL>IFY ! SITUATION4  
  

,DEPRIV$ ( COMMUNICATION & FROM READ+ ! NEWSPAP]S1 ! PRISON]S C\LD ONLY FOLL[ \TSIDE EV5TS ?R\< ! 0PRISON MAIL20 ?AT IS1 FROM :AT O!R PRISON]S HE>D FROM FAMILY MEMB]S OR FRI5DS4 ,?AT ALSO WASN'T EASY = \R MILITANTS1 S9CE !Y W]E BE+ HELD 9COMMUNICADO 7& 9 0DISGU/+ CELLS10 ACCORD+ TO ,DURRUTI74 

,! SITUATION ON ! /REET CONT9U$ TO BE EXTREMELY ON]\S = ! ,C,N,T4 ,POLICE RAID$ UNION HALLS & >RE/$ ?OSE 9SIDE ON ! PRETEXT ?AT !Y W]E HOLD+ 0SECRET MEET+S40 ,SU* H>ASSM5T WAS P]VASIVE 9 E>LY ,JUNE 9 BO? ,MADRID & ,B>CELONA4 ,9 ! FIR/ ( ! TWO CITIES1 ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS SURR\ND$ ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIONS BUILD+ ON ,FLOR ,/REET AT NI<TFALL1 JU/ :5 UNION MEMB]S W]E COM+ !RE TO DELIV] !IR CONTRIBUTIONS OR TAKE C>E ( O!R MATT]S4 ,!Y LOAD$ EV]YONE !Y F\ND--SOME #b#e--ONTO TRUCKS & TOOK !M TO ! ,G5]AL ,(FICE ( ,SECURITY4 ,! LOCAL PRESS DESCRIB$ ! C>AVAN 9 ! FOLL[+ T]MS3  
  

,A TRUCK FULL ( ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS L$ ! WAY4 ,TWO O!RS FOLL[$1 :I* W]E FILL$ ) DETA9EES1 & ANO!R TOOK UP ! RE>1 :OSE OCCUPANTS PO9T$ !IR GUNS AT ! PRISON]S4 

,!IR TRIP ?R\< ! CITY /REETS >\S$ GREAT CURIOSITY AMONG P$E/RIANS4 ,! ,ASSAULT ,GU>D OCCUPI$ ! ,C,N,T BUILD+ & HAD >RE/$ #be BY #a3 9 ! EV5+4 ,! CELLS W]E PACK$ &1 DESPITE ! GU>D'S REQUE/S1 ! PRISON]S W\LDN'T /OP 9SULT+ ! ,DIRECTOR ( ,SECURITY OR ! GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y LAT] SANG ,! ,9T]NATIONAL4  
  

,! SAME ?+ OCCURR$ SIMULTANE\SLY 9 ,B>CELONA1 AL?\< !RE EV]Y DETA9EE RECEIV$ A BEAT+ & POLICE TORE UP !IR ,C,N,T MEMB]%IP C>DS4 ,9 ,SEVILLA1 ! GOV]NOR ORD]$ POLICE TO %UT D[N ALL ! ,C,N,T UNIONS & FILL$ ! PROV9CIAL PRISON ) NEW 9MATES4 ,!RE WAS A G5]ALIZ$ (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T1 & ! GOV]NM5T DIDN'T EV5 BO!R TO JU/IFY IT4 

,! %IP ( /ATE WAS GO+ ADRIFT4 ,! ,P>LIAM5T APPROV$ LAWS & MORE LAWS1 BUT ! /ATE SL[$ D[N ANY ?AT IT CONSID]$ DETRIM5TAL TO ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES OR ,*UR*4 ,AL?\< ! ,P>LIAM5T HAD APPROV$ ! ,LAW ON ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M1 IT WAS /ALL$ 9 PRACTICE4 ,DRIV5 BY CACIQUISM1 ! RESULTS ( ! MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS W]E UNFAVORABLE = ! GOV]NM5T4 ,!SE RESULTS 5C\RAG$ ! ,RI<TW+--N[ L$ BY ,JOSE ,M>IA ,GIL ,ROBLES--TO HEI<T5 ITS ATTACKS ON ! ,AZANA GOV]NM5T4 ,ALEJ&RO ,L]R\X1 :O HAD SIMPLY BE5 WAT*+ FROM ! SIDEL9ES AS ,AZANA & HIS TEAM MADE !IR MI/AKES1 BEGAN TO FEEL /RONG 5\< TO RIP 9TO ! GOV]NM5T 9 ,MAY4 ,AZANA /AGG]$1 P>TICUL>LY AFT] ! /ORM ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS1 BUT /UBBORNLY CONT9U$ TO MA9TA9 ! GOV]NM5T'S REPRESSIVE POLICY AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T4 ,! POLITICAL SC5>IO WAS EXTREMELY COMPLICAT$ & !RE WAS A GR[+ ?REAT ( FASCISM1 :I* HAD SET ROOTS 9 ,G]MANY & BEGUN TO 9S9UATE ITSELF 9 ,SPA9 ?R\< ,JOSE ,ANTONIO ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A4 ,! LATT] F\ND$ ! ,SPANI% ,FALANGE1 :ILE ,GIL ,ROBLES CREAT$ ! ,CONF$]ACION ,ESPANOLA DE LAS ,D]E*AS ,AUTONOMAS 7,SPANI% ,CONF$]ATION ( ! ,AUTONOM\S ,RI<T1 ,C,$,A74 

,!RE WAS A M9OR GOV]NM5TAL CRISIS AT ! TIME1 :I* WAS RESOLV$ ) V>I\S M9I/]IAL *ANGES ON ,JUNE #a#d4 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T APPROV$ ANO!R OPPRESSIVE LAW CALL$ ,PUBLIC ,ORD] ON ,JULY #b#f4 ,IT SEEM$ LIKE ! ,SOCIALI/S & ,REPUBLICANS W]E 9 A RU% TO GIVE ! ,RI<T ALL ! LEGAL TOOLS NECESS>Y TO E/ABLI% FASCISM4 

,:ILE !SE DIV]SE & CONTRADICTORY EV5TS ?REW ! WORLD 9TO CONFUSION1 NO?+ HAD BE5 SORT$ \T = \R F\R DETA9EES OR ! RE/ ( ! /ATE'S CAPTIVES 9 ! ,PU]TO DE ,SANTA ,M>IA4 

,9 LATE ,MAY1 ! ,C,N,T'S ,NATIONAL ,PRISON] ,SUPPORT ,COMMITTEE S5T ,$U>DO ,B>RIOB]O1 ITS MO/ PRE/IGI\S LAWY]1 TO MEET ) ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA4 ,B>RIOB]O W\LD TRY TO MAKE HIM LI/5 TO REASON & 5D HIS SY/EM ( 0GOV]NM5TAL PRISON]S10 :I* HAD RESULT$ 9 ! 9C>C]ATION ( MORE ?AN SIX ?\S& PEOPLE4 ,! ,M9I/] GAVE ,B>RIOB]O HIS 0WORD ( HONOR03 ALL GOV]NM5TAL PRISON]S W\LD BE RELEAS$ 9 A FEW DAYS4 ,:5 ! LAWY] M5TION$ ! CASE ( ! F\R MO/ FAM\S 9MATES 9 ,EL ,PU]TO DE ,SANTA ,M>IA1 ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA REPLI$ ?AT 0!Y WILL BE ! FIR/ TO GET \T40 ,! ,M9I/] WAS SO CONV9C+ ?AT ! ,PRISON] ,SUPPORT ,COMMITTEE S5T A TELEGRAM TO ,EL ,PU]TO TELL+ ! M5 ! GOOD NEWS4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT] ,DURRUTI S5T A LETT] 9 REPLY3 

0,WE RECEIV$ Y\R TELEGRAM4 ,! COMRADES HOPE ?AT ! GOV]NOR ( ,CADIZ WILL RELEASE !M SOON4 ,I SAY HOPE1 BECAUSE IT APPE>S ?AT ,COMB9A & ,I WILL REMA9 9 PRISON4 ,APP>5TLY !Y DON'T FEEL LIKE LETT+ US \T40 ,DURRUTI /ATES ! REASON3 

0,MOM5TS BE=E RECEIV+ Y\R TELEGRAM1 ! LOCAL C\RT CAME TO ! PRISON TO NOTIFY ,COMB9A & ME ?AT ! ,C\RT ( ,SEVILLA HAD VOID$ \R BAIL &1 AS A RESULT1 WE >E /ILL 9 ITS CU/ODY & WILL HAVE TO RESPOND TO ?AT DAMN$ *>GE ( 09SULTS & 9CITATION TO REBELLION40 

,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! M9I/] GAVE HIS 0WORD ( HONOR10 NO ONE WAS RELEAS$ & CIRCUM/ANCES BECAME EV5 MORE DESP]ATE4 ,A LETT] ?AT ,DURRUTI S5T TO HIS FAMILY ON ,JULY #a#d1 #aicc DESCRIB$ ! SITUATION3  
  

,I'M SURE Y\'VE READ 9 ! PRESS AB\T ! MIS=TUNE ?AT HAUNTS ?IS VILE PRISON4444 ,! SOLDI]S1 ?OSE SONS ( ! PEOPLE :O =GET !IR [N MO!RS ONCE !Y PUT ON A UNI=M1 MURD]$ A COMRADE ON ,MONDAY MORN+4 ,IF Y\ READ ! >TICLE 9 ,C,N,T ?AT ,I S5T1 Y\'LL SEE ! MIS]ABLE WAY ?AT !Y KILL$ ?IS PEASANT4 ,! MAN WASN'T APPROA*+ ! W9D[ AS !Y CLAIM$1 BUT WAS HUNT$ D[N LIKE A RABBIT4 ,I WOND] :AT 9DUC$ ! SOLDI] TO %OOT ?AT MAN4444 ,A GREAT UPRO> BROKE \T :5 HIS COMRADES SAW HIM KILL$1 & IT'S NOT TRUE ?AT !Y W]E 9 ! CELLS1 BUT RA!R 9 A CR[D ( TWO HUNDR$4444 ,I DIDN'T REALIZE ! MON/ROSITY ?AT HAD BE5 COMMITT$ :5 ,I FIR/ HE>D ! COMRADES CRY \T = HELP4 ,!Y />$ AT US ) CLOS$ FI/S1 AS IF TO SAY3 0,:AT %\LD WE DO80444 ,I KNEW ?AT ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>D W\LD 5T] ! PRISON AT SOME PO9T & USE ANY PRET5SE TO BL[ US AWAY ) RIFLE FIRE4 ,IT WAS A HORRIBLE MOM5T1 & ! ONLY ?+ WE C\LD DO WAS /OP EXACTLY :AT ! GU>DS W]E GO+ TO PROVOKE2 A MASSACRE4 ,I DECID$ TO GO D[N TO ! C\RTY>D1 :]E !RE W]E AB\T FIVE HUNDR$ M5 WAIT+ = SOMEONE TO TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE & SAY3 0,=W>D60 ,! FIR/ ?+ ,I SAW W]E ! WELL PLAC$ MA*9E-GUNS4 ,I GOT UP ON A B5* & YELL$ \T TO MY COMRADES4 ,I FELT AN OV]:ELM+ DESIRE TO SAY PRECISELY ?AT3 ,=W>D6 ,BUT ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 A TRAGIC MI/AKE1 SOME?+ = :I* ,I W\LD HAVE NEV] =GIV5 MYSELF IF ,I HAD EM]G$ ALIVE1 :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 UNLIKELY4 ,I TOLD !M EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE3 TO CALM D[N1 TO RECOV] !IR S]5ITY1 ?AT IT /ILL WASN'T TIME4 ,SOME MAY HAVE CURS$ ME 9W>DLY1 ?9K+ ?AT ,I HAD 0GONE S(T10 BUT IT DOESN'T MATT]4 ,EV]YONE )DREW 9TO !IR GR\PS OR CELLS4 ,!Y REMOV$ ! CORPSE & A HEAVY SIL5CE FELL OV] ! PRISON1 T]RIBLY HEAVY1 )\T ANY ( US BE+ ABLE TO FACE ONE ANO!R4 ,?AT WAS ! FIR/ TIME ?AT ,ASCASO & ,I DIDN'T LOOK ONE ANO!R 9 ! EYE4444 ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS M>*$ ?R\< ! PRISON1 & WE1 AFT] HAV+ LO/ A COMRADE1 >E HELD 9COMMUNICADO4.<#c#h#a.>  
  

,ON ,JULY #a1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A PUBLI%$ A PHOTOGRAPH ( FIVE 9DIVIDUALS BEH9D B>S3 ,DIEZ1 ,ASCASO1 ,DURRUTI1 ,COMB9A1 & ,LORDA4 ,A /ATEM5T SIGN$ BY ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO & ,PAUL9O ,DIEZ FRAM$ ! PHOTO4 ,IT WAS ADDRESS$ TO 0CITIZ5 ,SANTIAGO ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA1 ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR40 ,! TEXT 9=M$ ! M9I/] ?AT1 ) 0\R PATI5CE EXHAU/$1 WE MU/ RESORT TO ! SAD WEAPON ( ! HUNG] /RIKE4 ,SEE+ ?AT HIS HONOR DIDN'T MANAGE TO OP5 ! PRISON DOORS1 WE BELIEVE ?AT ?IS ME?OD WILL BE SUCCESSFUL4 ,SANTA ,M>IA ,PRISON1 ,JUNE #b#h1 #a#i#c#c0 

,?+S W]E GO+ FROM BAD TO WORSE 9 ! ,CAB9ET PRESID$ OV] BY ,MANUEL ,AZANA4 ,! ,RI<TW+ WAS ATTACK+ FURI\SLY4 ,L]R\X ADVANC$ HIS C&IDACY = ,PRESID5T ( ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 5T]$ 9TO A DEEP CRISIS4 ,>AQUI/A91 PROMPT$ BY ! EXP]I5CE ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS 9 ,G]MANY1 EMBRAC$ ,M>XISM & ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT40 

,FRANCISCO ,L>GO ,CABALL]O WAT*$ & WORRI$ AS ! ,U,G,T'S UNITY %ATT]$ & ITS RANK & FILE REBELL$ AGA9/ POLICIES MADE BY ! ,SOCIALI/S 9 GOV]NM5T4 ,HE />T$ TO LOOK SYMPA!TICALLY ON ,>AQUI/A9'S EXTREMI/ /ANCE4 ,O!R ,SOCIALI/ LEAD]S BEGAN TO RECOGNIZE ! CATA/ROPHIC EFFECTS ( ! POLITICAL L9E ?AT !Y HAD FOLL[$1 AS !IR Y\? BEGAN TO TURN TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! ,C,P1 ALWAYS L$ BY ,MOSC[1 BEGAN TO REAP C]TA9 SUCCESSES AT ! EXP5SE ( ! ,SOCIALI/S4 ,ALL ( ?IS COMPROMIS$ ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO'S 9FLU5CE1 :O /UBBORNLY CONT9U$ WORK+ ) ,MANUEL ,AZANA4 ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA DISSOLV$ ,AZANA'S ,CAB9ET & ON ,SEPTEMB] #ab 5TRU/$ ,L]R\X ) =M+ A NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT1 BE=E RESIGN+ & )DRAW+ FROM ! SC5E1 ! ,REPUBLICAN-,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T TOOK A F9AL SWIPE AT ! ,C,N,T BY APPLY+ ! 0,VAGRANTS ,LAW0 TO ! GOV]NM5TAL PRISON]S1 9CLUD+ ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#e1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ >TICLE UND] ! HEADL9E 0,! AN>*I/'S DIGNIFI$ ATTITUDE T[>D ! ,VAGRANTS ,LAW03  
  

,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 ,COMB9A1 ,JOAQU9 ,VALI5TE1 ,PAUL9O ,DIEZ1 & ,TRABAJANO >E 9MATES 9 ,EL ,PU]TO DE ,SANTA ,M>IA P5IT5TI>Y & ! GOV]NM5T 9T5DS TO APPLY ! DISGRACEFUL LABEL ( 0VAGRANTS0 TO !M4 ,!IR 0SPECIAL0 CASE HAS RECEIV$ ! NATURAL & DIGNIFI$ RESPONSE ?AT IT M]ITS4 ,!SE COMRADES HAVE REFUS$ TO TE/IFY 9 ! PROSECUTION'S 9QUIRY 9ITIAT$ AGA9/ !M = 0VAGRANCY40 

,WE ,CONF$]ATION MEMB]S MU/ DEF5D \RSELVES AGA9/ !SE LEGAL MA*9ATIONS--! WORK ( 0LEFT0 ,REPUBLICANS & ESPECIALLY ,SOCIALI/S6--BY SAY+3 0WE >5'T VAGRANTS &1 AS WORK]S1 WE WILL NOT TE/IFY 9 SU* A WICK$1 %AMEFUL TRIAL60 

,! COMRADES 9C>C]AT$ 9 ! ,&ALUSIAN ,MONTJUI* S5T TWO LETT]S TO ! PRES5T ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE1 ,BOTELLA ,AS5SI1 :I* WE HAVE PUBLI%$ 9 \R NEWSPAP]S4 ,!Y TOLD HIM CATEGORICALLY ?AT !Y REJECT ! \TRAGE\S 0VAGRANTS0 LABEL & IF ! MALIGNANT MATT] IS NOT RESOLV$ BY ,SEPTEMB] #b#e--TODAY--?AT !Y WILL DECL>E A HUNG] /RIKE & HOLD ! NATION'S TOP JUDICIAL AU?ORITY RESPONSIBLE = :AT C\LD OCCUR4 

,! LA/ ,CAB9ET MEET+ DECID$ NOT TO APPLY ?AT %AMEFUL LAW TO ! FI<T+ WORK]S4 ,N[ ! ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE MU/ ACT4  
  

,DURRUTI S5T SOME WORDS TO HIS FAMILY ON ,OCTOB] #e1 #a#i#c#c3  
  

,I HOPE Y\'VE READ 9 ! PRESS ?AT WE DECID$ TO 5D \R HUNG] /RIKE1 AFT] EI<T DAYS )\T EAT+1 UND] ! PROMISE ( \R RELEASE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! MO/ REC5T 9=MATION TELEGRAPH$ TO US BY ! LAWY]S 9 ,SEVILLA1 WE WILL GET \T TODAY4 ,ONE ALREADY LEFT LA/ NI<T4 ,I HAVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ALL ( US WILL BE \T BY ! TIME Y\ RECEIVE ?IS LETT]4  
  

,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 & ,COMB9A >RIV$ AT ! ,C,N,T $ITORIAL (FICE 9 ,MADRID ON ,OCTOB] #g1 AFT] SP5D+ SIX MON?S TRAPP$ 9 ! T]RIBLE ,PU]TO DE ,SANTA ,M>IA4 

,!Y SET (F = ,B>CELONA ! FOLL[+ DAY1 LEAV+ BEH9D A ,MADRID 9 TURMOIL4 ,9DE$1 ! GOV]NM5T ?AT ,L]R\X PRES5T$ TO ! ,P>LIAM5T ON ,OCTOB] #b DID NOT GA!R ! VOTES NECESS>Y TO ASSUME P[]4 ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA ORD]$ SEV]AL PEOPLE TO =M A NEW GOV]NM5T1 BUT ALL FAIL$ 9 !IR ATTEMPTS4 ,?IS L$ TO ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,P>LIAM5T & A NEW ELECTORAL REF]5DUM1 TO ! ,RI<TW+'S GREAT SATISFACTION4 ,! ,PRESID5T 5TRU/$ ,DIEGO ,M>T9EZ ,B>RIO 7FROM ,L]R\X'S P>TY7 ) LIQUIDAT+ ! ,P>LIAM5T & PREP>+ ! ELECTIONS4 

,!RE >E TWO ADDITIONAL MATT]S TO 9CLUDE 9 ?IS SUMM>Y ( ! FIR/ ,REPUBLICAN-,SOCIALI/ BI5NIUM1 BO? ( :I* WILL WEI< HEAVILY ON ,SPA9'S IMM$IATE FUTURE3 ! FIR/ IS ! GREAT OPPORTUNITY ?AT ! ,REPUBLIC HAD TO DO AWAY ) ! CANC] ( ! ,MOROCCAN ,PROTECTORATE4 ,9/EAD ( SEIZ+ ! *ANCE1 IT ADVANC$ A POLICY ?AT WAS EV5 MORE DE/RUCTIVE ?AN ! ,MON>*Y'S ,AFRICANI/ POLICY4 ,IT ONLY DEEP5$ ! DIVIDE BETWE5 ,SPA9 & ,MOROCCO &1 LIKE ! ,FR5*1 MADE ! RELATION%IP /ILL MORE FEUDAL4 ,! SECOND WAS ! TRIP TO ,SPA9 ?AT ,FR5* ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,$\>D ,H]RIOT MADE 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#c#b4 ,! GOV]NM5T US$ HIS VISIT AS A PRETEXT TO REPRESS WORK] & PEASANT AGITATION 9 ,&ALUSIA1 SO ?AT 0PEACE REIGNS MORE FULLY 9 ,CASABLANCA40 .<#c#h#b.> ,H]RIOT ALSO MANAG$ TO GET ,SPA9 TO SIGN A TREATY REQUIR+ ?AT IT PUR*ASE >MS SOLELY FROM ! ,FR5*4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ae -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ae -- ,UPDAT$4 

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