,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ad 
,! ,9SURRECTIONAL ,CYCLE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I,V4 ,! 9SURRECTIONAL CYCLE 

  

,DURRUTI WAS RELEAS$ 9 E>LY ,DECEMB] #aicb AFT] NE>LY ?REE MON?S ( GOV]NM5TAL DET5TION & W\LD NEV] KN[ :Y HE HAD BE5 9C>C]AT$4 ,HE WAS AGA9 ON ! /REET & AGA9 ) ! SAME PROBLEMS AS ALWAYS1 AL?\< IT WAS NOT DIFFICULT = HIM TO GET HIS JOB BACK AT ! TEXTILE FACTORY ?AT HAD EMPLOY$ HIM ON ,MAY #a#a1 #aica 7HIS FIR/ WORK S9CE RETURN+ FROM ,FRANCE74 

,MIMI IMM$IATELY WORRI$ AB\T H[ LONG HIS FRE$OM W\LD LA/ :51 ?REE DAYS AFT] HIS RELEASE1 ,DURRUTI TOLD H] ?AT ! :OLE GR\P W\LD GA!R ?AT NI<T4 

,! MEET+ TOOK PLACE 9 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S H\SE 9 ! ,SANTS DI/RICT4 

,! FOLL[+ W]E PRES5T AT ! DESIGNAT$ H\R3 ,ANTONIO ,ORTIZ1 ,GREGORIO ,JOV]1 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO & HIS BRO!R ,DOM+O 7:O DID NOT BELONG TO ! GR\P BUT EV]YONE TRU/$71 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 ,M>IA ,LUISA ,TEJ$OR 7,AURELIO'S COMPAN]A & A GR\P MEMB]71 ,DURRUTI1 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1 & ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS4 ,! LA/ ?REE >RIV$ TOGE!R1 FOLL[$ %ORTLY AFT]W>DS BY ,PEPITA ,NOT & ,JULIA ,LOPEZ ,MAIM>4 

,! GOAL ( ! MEET+8 ,A ,C,N,T REGIONAL GA!R+ HAD ASK$ ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE TO 5TRU/ ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ) DEVIS+ AN 9SURRECTION>Y PLAN ?AT C\LD BE PUT 9TO MOTION AT ! RI<T TIME4 ,HE HAD DRAFT$ ! PLAN & ! MOM5T TO ACT SEEM$ TO HAVE >RIV$4  
  

,SOCIAL CONDITIONS HAVE BECOME MORE COMPLICAT$ S9CE ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! AUTONOM\S ,CATALAN GOV]NM5T 7,SEPTEMB] #a#i#c#b74 ,AN EXAGG]AT$ NATIONALISM *>ACT]IZES ! ,CATALAN GOV]NM5T4 ,! =M] COMRADES ,FRANCESC ,LAYRET1 ,SALVADOR ,SEGUI1 ,COMPANYS 7ONETIME LAWY] = ! ,C,N,T71 ,M>TI ,B>R]A 7ONCE ! ADM9I/RATOR ( ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A71 & ,JAUME ,AIGUAD] 7EX-WORK]S' DOCTOR7.<#c#f#d.> LEAD ! Y\NG P>TY ?AT DOM9ATES ! REGIONAL GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS P>TY CANNOT ACCEPT ! EXI/5CE ( TWO P[]S 9 ! REGION3 ?AT ( ! ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA & ?AT ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,JOSEP ,D5CAS1 ,MIGUEL ,BADIA1 & ,JOSEP ,ORIOL ,ANGU]A DE ,SOJO1 9/RUM5TS ( ,CATALAN POLITICS & PUPPETS ( ,MAURA 7( ! 0#a#h DEAD0.<#c#f#e.>71 HOPE TO CRU% ! ,C,N,T BY SY/EMICALLY CLOS+ ITS UNIONS1 %UTT+ D[N ITS PRESS1 US+ GOV]NM5TAL DET5TIONS1 & WIELD+ ! T]RORISM ( ! POLICE & 0ESCAMOTS40 ,! ,ESQU]RA'S 0,CASALS0 .<TRANS43 NEI<BORHOOD H\SES.> >E US$ AS UND]GR\ND DUNGEONS 9 :I* KIDNAPP$ ,CONF$]AL WORK]S >E HELD & BEAT54 ,!SE >E ! ORIG9S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ,JANU>Y #h1 #a#i#c#c4.<#c#f#f.>  
  

,:5 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] EXPLA9$ HIS REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT1 HE L9K$ IT TO ! SITUATION CREAT$ BY ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T3  
  

,AS SOON AS ! ,REPUBLICAN /ATE PUT ITSELF AT ! S]VICE ( NATIONAL & =EIGN CAPITALI/S1 IT WAS NO LONG] RELEVANT TO HAVE P>TIAL /RIKES 9 ! FACTORIES1 WORK%OPS1 & BUS9ESSES4 ,! P[] ( ! /ATE CAN ONLY BE DEFEAT$ BY ! P[] ( REVOLUTION4 ,?IS EXPLA9S ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ?AT WE HAVE JU/ EXP]I5C$4 ,IT ALSO EXPLA9S ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ?AT WE WILL D\BTLESSLY SEE 9 ! FUTURE1 9 :I*1 B\RGEOIS J\RNALI/S SAY1 ,SPANI% AN>*I/S WILL PLAY ! LA/ C>D4 ,NATURALLY B\RGEOIS J\RNALI/S MU/ REF] TO ! F9AL C>D ( A NEV]-5D+ GAME ( B>AJA4.<#c#f#g.>  
  

,EV]YONE 9 ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P %>$ ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S VIEWS4 ,BUT IT WAS LAM5TABLE1 SAID ,DURRUTI1 ?AT SO MU* TIME HAD BE5 WA/$ 9 9T]NAL DEBATES1 DUR+ :I* ! ,REPUBLICAN /ATE HAD BE5 ABLE TO /R5G!N ITSELF & EV5 CREATE AN AUXILI>Y POLICE BODY 7! ,ASSAULT ,GU>D71 :I* WAS HI<LY TRA9$ & WELL->M$ ) MOD]N COMBAT EQUIPM5T4 ,! PR9CIPLE DAMAGE CAUS$ BY 0! ,?IRTY0 WAS PRECISELY ?AT3 TO DELAY ! WORK]S' VICTORY4 ,!Y ALL AGRE$ ?AT IT W\LD HAVE BE5 EXCE$+LY EASY TO TRIGG] ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION DUR+ ! ,REPUBLIC'S FIR/ N9E MON?S3 ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>D DID NOT EXI/1 ! >MY WAS UNDISCIPL9$ & EV5 LEAN$ T[>D ! PEOPLE1 & ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D WAS DISDA9$ BY ! PUBLIC & 9 ! MID/ ( A MORALE CRISIS4 ,! /ATE'S CO]CIVE =CES HAD BE5 NE>LY ANNULL$ & IT LACK$ ! LIGAM5T ( ! AU?ORITY NECESS>Y TO GIVE !M COH]5CE4 ,IT WAS N[ IMPORTANT = ! AN>*I/S TO CREATE A PRE-REVOLUTION>Y /ATE ?AT W\LD PREV5T ! GOV]NM5T FROM AFFIRM+ ITS AU?ORITY /ILL FUR!R4 ,! M9]S ( ,FIGOLS HAD DONE MORE ?AN SEV]AL TONS ( PROPAG&A TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION SEEM FEASIBLE TO ! WORK]S4 ,PSY*OLOGICALLY1 9SURRECTIONS LIKE ! ONE 9 ,FIGOLS MADE ! IMPOSSIBLE APPE> POSSIBLE4 ,:AT WAS IMPORTANT WAS NOT VICTORY P] SE1 BUT MORE LONG-T]M GA9S4 ,REBELLIONS LIKE ! ONE 9 ,FIGOLS HAD A PR(\ND IMPACT ON ! WORK+ CLASS3 IT DREW /R5G? & 9SPIRATION FROM !M1 & AN 9CREASE 9 ! WORK+ CLASS'S /R5G? MEANT A WEAK5+ ( ! P[] ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! /ATE4 .<#c#f#h.> 

,IT WAS 9 ! CONTEXT ( ?IS P]SPECTIVE ?AT ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P ACCEPT$ ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S 9SURRECTIONAL PLAN1 AL?\< ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T W\LD HAVE TO ADOPT IT AS WELL4 

,9 MID-,DECEMB] ! ,C,N,T'S ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE CALL$ A MEET+ & ,G>CIA ,OLIV] EXPLA9$ ! PROJECT 9 DETAIL !RE4 ,?OSE ASSEMBL$ DIVID$ 9TO TWO CURR5TS ON ! ISSUE4 ,!IR POSITIONS W]E NOT COMPLETELY CONTRADICTORY1 BUT !RE W]E DIFF]5CES1 & !SE 9DICAT$ ! CONT9U$ 9FLU5CE ( 0! ,?IRTY40 

,SOME FELT ! ,C,N,T %\LD NOT PRECIPITATE ?+S4 ,GIV5 ! TURMOIL CAUS$ 9 ! ORGANIZATION BY 0! ,?IRTY10 !Y %\LD FIR/ CL>IFY 9T]NAL MATT]S & !N ATTACK LAT]1 :5 CONDITIONS >E BETT]4 ,O!RS ?\<T ?AT TIME WAS ( ! ESS5CE & ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAD TO MAKE A %[ ( =CE 9 ORD] TO GET ! ,CATALAN & ,MADRID AU?ORITIES TO UND]/& ?AT !Y C\LD NOT GOV]N AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T4 ,FUR!RMORE1 AN 9SURRECTION LIKE ! ONE PLANN$ C\LD HAVE A /RONG IMPACT ON ! WORK+ CLASS1 9CLUD+ ?OSE 9 ! ,U,G,T4 

,! ,C,N,T WAS 9 A DIFFICULT POSITION4 ,NONE!LESS1 MEET+ P>TICIPANTS ULTIMATELY ACCEPT$ ! 9SURRECTIONAL PLAN4 .<#c#f#i.> ,!Y =M$ A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 :I* 9CLUD$ ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 & ,G>CIA ,OLIV] AS MEMB]S1 & ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE APPO9T$ A REPRES5TATIVE1 :I* ALSO HAPP5$ TO BE ,DURRUTI4 ,DURRUTI W5T TO ,CADIZ1 :]E ! ,C,N,T'S ,&ALUSIAN ,REGIONAL ,CONF$]ATION HAD CALL$ A MEET+ TO DISCUSS H[ TO C>RY \T ! REVOLT4 

,! MEET+ TOOK PLACE SECRETLY 9 ,J]EZ DE LA ,FRONT]A4 ,9=M]S HAD TOLD POLICE AB\T ! GA!R+ & !Y MOBILIZ$ TO >RE/ ATT5DEES1 BUT =TUNATELY POLICE DID NOT KN[ ! GA!R+'S EXACT LOCATION4 ,:ILE POLICE PATROLL$ ,CADIZ'S 5TRANCES & EXI/S1 ! MEET+ OCCURR$ 9 ,J]EZ DE LA ,FRONT]A )\T DISRUPTION4 

,P>TICIPANTS DECID$ ?AT ,&ALUSIA W\LD GO 9TO ACTION AS SOON AS ,RADIO ,B>CELONA ANN\NC$ ?AT REVOLUTION>IES HAD SEIZ$ ! RADIO /ATION4 ,IF ! REBELLION FAIL$ 9 ,B>CELONA1 ,&ALUSIA & ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY W\LD NOT P>TICIPATE4 

,!Y =M$ AN ,&ALUSIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE TO LEAD ! REBELLION MOVEM5T !RE4 ,IT CONSI/$ ( ,VIC5TE ,BALLE/] 7,C,N,T71 ,RAFAEL ,P5A 7,F,A,I7 & ,MIGUEL ,>CAS 7,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\?74 ,! ,COMMITTEE'S PR9CIPLE MISSION WAS TO OR*E/RATE ! REVOLT FROM ,SEVILLA1 :]E !Y W\LD TAKE OV] ! RADIO TRANSMITT] &1 ) AN AGRE$ UPON CODE1 USE IT TO MA9TA9 CONTACT ) ! LOCAL & PROV9CIAL COMMITTEES =M$ BY REPRES5TATIVES ( ! SAME ORGANIZATIONS ELSE:]E4 .<#c#g.> ,B>CELONA W\LD BE ! C5T] ( ! 9SURRECTION & ALL ! REGIONS COMMITT$ TO ! REBELLION W\LD JO9 ! /RUGGLE ONCE REVOLUTION>IES SEIZ$ ! RADIO TRANSMITT]4 ,! OP]ATIONAL PLAN WAS ! FOLL[+3 ,!Y DIVID$ ,B>CELONA 9TO ?REE >EAS4 

A7 ,T]RASSA-,HOSPITALET1 ,SANTS1 ,HO/AFRANCS1 & ! ,FIF? ,DI/RICT4 ,MA9 T>GETS3 ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>D B>RACKS1 ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 ! ,PRAT DE ,LLOBREGAT AIRFIELD1 ! ,P$RALBES ,9FANTRY B>RACKS1 ! ,CAVALRY B>RACKS ON ,T>RAGONA ,/REET1 ! ,MODELO PRISON1 ! ,AT>AZANAS B>RACKS1 & ! BORD] POLICE B>RACKS ON ,SAN ,PABLO ,/REET4 ,! GR\PS 9 ,POBLE ,SEC W\LD TAKE OV] ! MA9 ,GAS & ,ELECTRICITY (FICES AS WELL AS ?OSE ( ,CAMPSA 7PETROLEUM & GASOL9E W>EH\SES74 ,?IS SECTOR WAS ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S RESPONSIBILITY4 

B7 ,MILITANTS 9 ! DI/RICTS ( ,POBLE ,N\1 ,SANT ,M>TI1 & ,SANT ,&REU W]E TO PREV5T ! DEP>TURE ( MILIT>Y =CES FROM ! ,>TILL]Y ,/ATION & ,9FANTRY B>RACKS 9 ,SANT ,&REU & ALSO ! ,>TILL]Y B>RACKS ON ,IC>IA ,AV5UE4 ,!Y W\LD ALSO LAY SIEGE TO ! ,9FANTRY B>RACKS ( ! ,P>QUE DE LA ,CIUDADELA4 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO WAS 9 *>GE ( ?IS >EA4 

C7 ,HORTA-,C>MELO-,GRACIA SECTOR4 ,H]E MILITANTS W]E TO ATTACK ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D B>RACKS ON ,TRAVESS]A DE ,GRACIA & ,NAVAS DE ,TOLOSA & ! ,CAVALRY B>RACKS ON ,LEPANTO ,/REET4 ,?IS WAS ,DURRUTI'S ZONE ( OP]ATION4.<#c#g#a.> 

,! PRIM>Y GOAL 9 !SE ?REE SECTORS WAS TO /OP ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D FROM LEAV+ ITS B>RACKS & ?US SUPPORT ! WORK ( ! GU]RILLA GR\PS OP]AT+ 9 ! C5T] ( ! CITY4 ,!IR MISSION WAS TO OCCUPY ! ,TELEPHONE BUILD+1 RADIO TRANSMITT]S1 & (FICIAL GOV]NM5T (FICES 7SPECIFICALLY1 ! ,G5]ALITAT1 ,CAPTA9CY1 & ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S74 

,AT FIR/ !RE WAS NO AGRE$ UPON DATE--! REBELLION W\LD BREAK \T AT ! MOM5T DEEM$ MO/ OPPORTUNE--BUT SOME UNDESIRABLE DEVELOPM5TS *ANG$ ?AT4 ,!RE WAS AN EXPLOSION 9 ONE ( ! WORK%OPS US$ TO MANUFACTURE H& GR5ADES 9 ! ,EL ,CLOT DI/RICT1 :I* HAD BE5 UND] ! C>E ( COMRADES ,HIL>IO ,E/EBAN & ,MEL]4 ,AL>M$ RESID5TS CALL$ ! POLICE1 :O PROMPTLY DISCOV]$ ! >MORY4 ,?IS MADE AU?ORITIES SUSPECT ?AT ! ,C,N,T MU/ BE PREP>+ SOME?+ &1 AS A PREV5TATIVE MEASURE1 ORD]$ ! >RE/ ( SEV]AL MILITANTS & AN 9VE/IGATION 9TO V>I\S SUSPICI\S PLACES4 ,:AT TO DO8 ,%\LD !Y WAIT & LET ! POLICE DE/ROY !IR PA9/AK+LY DEVELOP$ PLAN8 ,!Y OPT$ 9/EAD = ! MO/ RADICAL SOLUTION & SET ,JANU>Y #h AS ! DATE ( ! 9SURRECTION4  
  

,! PLAN ( ATTACK 9CLUD$ 9CAPACITAT+ ! REPRESSIVE =CES CONC5TRAT$ 9 ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S ON ,VIA ,LAYETANA & ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D 9 ! ,PALACIO ,PLAZA 7?AT IS1 ! ,CIVIL ,GOV]NM5T74 

,! TWO (FICIAL BUILD+S W\LD BE BL[N UP ) DYNAMITE BETWE5 #i3 & #a3 PM4 ,?IS W\LD BE A SIGNAL = ! /RATEGICALLY PLAC$ GR\PS1 9DICAT+ ?AT !Y %\LD LAUN* ! ATTACK ON ! PREVI\SLY DESIGNAT$ SITES4 

,A REVOLUTION>Y PATROL DEPLOY$ 9 TAXIS4 ,ITS TASK WAS TO CONFIRM ?AT EA* GR\P WAS 9 ITS PLACE4 ,! >MS US$ W\LD BE H& GR5ADES & PI/OLS4 

,! BOMBS ?AT W]E GO+ TO EXPLODE 9 ! M5TION$ BUILD+S W]E MADE ( TWO TUBES ( AUTOG5\S SOLD]1 EA* #a4#b MET]S 9 HEI<T & SEV5TY C5TIMET]S 9 DIAMET]4  
  

,ON ,JANU>Y #h1 AT EXACTLY #h3 AM ON ,M]CAD]S ,/REET1 0TWO BRICKLAY]S & ONE LABOR] /OPP$ PULL+ A SMALL H&C>T1 :I* WAS LOAD$ ) BRICKS1 CEM5T1 & PLA/]4 ,?IS CAM\FLAG$ ! DEVICES4 ,!Y SET \T TO COMPLETE ! OP]ATION40 

,!IR MISSION WAS TO SLIP ! TWO TUBES 9TO ! SEW]1 HAUL !M ?R\< IT1 & 9/ALL !M :]E !Y W\LD S]VE !IR F9AL PURPOSE4  
  

,IT WAS DIFFICULT TO C>RY ! TUBES ?R\< ! SEW]1 BECAUSE EA* ONE WEI<$ N9ETY KILOS4 ,IT WAS RELATIVE EASY TO PLACE ! FIR/ ONE UND] ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S1 BECAUSE ! SEW] VAULT WAS TWO MET]S HI< !RE2 BUT ! ONE ?AT HAD TO BE PUT UND] ! ,CIVIL ,GOV]NM5T WAS MU* MORE *ALL5G+4 ,! SEW] WAS ONLY A MET] & A HALF 9 HEI<T BETWE5 ,ANTONIO ,LOPEZ ,PLAZA & ! ,PALACIO ,PLAZA & ! WAT] WAS NE>LY SIXTY C5TIMET]S DEEP4 ,IT WAS V]Y H>D = ! BOMB C>RI]S TO COV] ! DI/ANCE1 & !RE W]E ONLY TWO ( !M !RE1 DUE TO ! LIMIT$ SPACE = MOVEM5T4 ,IT TOOK SOME EI<T H\RS TO PLACE ! BOMBS4 ,ONCE !Y DID SO1 !Y SPLIT UP TO SET (F ! DEVICES AT ! APPROPRIATE TIME4 

,A S]I\S PROBLEM OCCURR$ :ILE ! DEVICES W]E BE+ PUT 9 PLACE3 POLICE >RE/$ ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,GREGORIO ,JOV] :ILE !Y W]E DRIV+ 9 A C>4 ,!Y W]E >M$ & C\LD HAVE RESI/$1 BUT DECID$ AGA9/ IT1 9 ORD] NOT TO JEOP>DIZE ! OP]ATION4 ,!Y W]E TAK5 TO ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S1 :]E !RE W]E O!R DETA9EES4 

,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,GREGORIO ,JOV] MU/ HAVE BE5 A/\ND$ BY !IR BAD LUCK1 KN[+ ?AT ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S WAS DUE TO BL[ UP AT ANY MOM5T444 ,!Y ACCEPT$ !IR FATE1 ?9K+ ?AT IF !Y DIDN'T DIE 9 ! BLA/1 P]HAPS IT W\LD BE USEFUL TO BE AT ! C5T] ( ! OCCUPATION ( ! BUILD+4 ,! BOMB EXPLOD$ AT #a3 PM ?AT EV5+ UND] ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S1 AL?\< ! ONE UND] ! ,CIVIL ,GOV]NM5T FAIL$ = TE*NICAL REASONS4 

,! ,POLICE BUILD+ DID NOT COLLAPSE1 AS HOP$4 ,! BUILD+ WAS SET BACK MORE ?AN SIX MET]S FROM ! O!RS ON ! /REET4 ,AL?\< ! M5 PLAC+ ! BOMB TOOK ?AT ANOMALY 9TO CONSID]ATION & TRI$ TO PU% ! TUBE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE 9TO ! DRA9'S TURN-(F1 ! EXPLOSION DID NOT REA* ! /RUCTURE'S F\NDATIONS & ! BUILD+ REMA9$ /&+4 ,ALL ! WITNESSES AGRE$ ?AT ! ]UPTION WAS ABSOLUTELY T]RIFY+4 ,IT FELT LIKE AN E>?QUAKE TO ! DETA9EES4 ,POLICE RAC$ 9TO ! /REET 9 PAJAMAS OR UND]WE>1 ?9K+ ?AT ! BUILD+ WAS UND] ATTACK444.<#c#g#b.>  
  

,AS PLANN$1 ! REBELLION BEGAN AFT] ?AT BLA/1 ) GREAT] OR LESS] 9T5SITY1 9 ,B>CELONA & ITS PROV9CE4 ,H[EV]1 ! REVOLUTION>IES W]E SOON CONV9C$ ?AT POLICE HAD TAK5 MEASURES ?AT PREV5T$ !M FROM C>RY+ \T !IR OP]ATION4 

,ONE P]SON :O COLLABORAT$ ) ,DURRUTI 9 ! ATTEMPT$ ASSAULT ON ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D B>RACKS ON ,TRAVESS]A DE ,GRACIA CLAIM$ ?AT ! POLICE HAD MOBILIZ$ NOT BECAUSE !Y HAD BE5 9=M$1 BUT BECAUSE SU* MOBILIZATION WAS ALMO/ P]MAN5T 9 ,B>CELONA AT ! TIME1 P>TICUL>LY AFT] !IR DISCOV]Y ( ! >MORY 9 ,EL ,CLOT4 

,ANO!R P>TICIPANT1 ! /UD5T ,B5JAM9 ,CANO ,RUIZ1 SAYS ?AT HE W5T TO ! SITE :]E ,DURRUTI WAS DI/RIBUT+ WEAPONS &1 SWEPT UP BY 5?USIASM1 ASK$ = ONE SO ?AT HE C\LD 0DIE = ! GREAT CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT40 ,DURRUTI REFUS$ & TOLD HIM3 0,IT ISN'T ! TIME TO DIE BUT TO LIVE4 ,\R /RUGGLE IS LONG & WE'LL HAVE TO DO MU* MORE ?AN JU/ %OOT4 ,! ACTIVE RE>GU>D IS EQUALLY OR MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! COMBATANT VANGU>D4 ,Y\ PLACE ISN'T H]E1 BUT 9 S*OOL40 .<#c#g#c.> 

,! 9SURRECTION BEGAN AT NI<TFALL & WAS OV] BY ! E>LY H\RS ( ,JANU>Y #i4 

0,! IMM$IATE >RE/ ( ! REBELLION'S MA9 LEAD]S R$UC$ IT--AS F> AS ,B>CELONA WAS CONC]N$--TO ISOLAT$ FI<T+ ON ! ,RAMBLAS 7,JOAQU9 ,BLANCO WAS KILL$ 9 ! ,GA/RONOMY ,UNION71 AGA9/ SOME B>RACKS1 & 9 ! WORK]S' DI/RICTS4 ,!RE WAS AN ATTEMPT TO ASSAULT ! ',LA ,PAN]A' B>RACKS 9 ,L]IDA4 ,! ,CONF$]ALS ,BURILLO1 ,G\1 ,ONC9AS1 & ,GESIO DI$ 9 ?AT ACTION4 ,!RE W]E ALSO %OOT\TS 9 ,T>RASA4 ,LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM WAS PROCLAIM$ 9 ,C]DANYOLA & ,RIPOLLET40 .<#c#g#d.> 

,GIV5 ! 9SURRECTION'S FAILURE 9 ,B>CELONA1 !RE WAS NO?+ TO DO BUT TRY TO AVOID >RE/ & SAVE PEOPLE & WEAPONS 7! FEW PI/OLS & RUDIM5T>Y H& GR5ADES ?AT SOME /ILL POSSESS$74 

,B>CELONA RESID5TS1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE LIV+ 9 ! WORK]S' DI/RICTS1 SAW ! RESULTS ( ! /RUGGLE :5 !Y LEFT !IR HOMES ON ,MONDAY4 ,!RE W]E TWO DEAD ,SECURITY ,GU>D HORSES 9 ,EL ,CLOT & A HALF B>RICADE RAIS$ 9 ! ,M]CADO ,PLAZA4 .<#c#g#e.> ,!RE W]E SIMIL> SC5ES ELSE:]E & ! CITY HAD BE5 SUBJECT TO POLICE CONTROL S9CE ! GOV]NM5T'S DECL>ATION ( A /ATE ( EM]G5CY4 

,! POLICE /ATIONS OV]FL[$ ) DETA9EES & ?OSE 9 ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S SUFF]$ SAVAGE BEAT+S4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] WAS M>K$ AS ! R+LEAD] ( ! REVOLT & TOOK ! WOR/ ( IT4 

,JOSE ,PEIRATS WAS BO? A PROTAGONI/ & HI/ORIAN ( ! EV5TS4 ,HE (F]S ! FOLL[+ ASSESSM5T3 0,! ,JANU>Y #h REBELLION WAS ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,DEF5SE ,CADRES1 A %OCK GR\P =M$ BY ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I ACTION GR\PS4 ,!SE POORLY >M$ GR\PS P9N$ !IR HOPES ON ! POSSIBILITY ?AT SOME SYMPA!TIC TROOPS W\LD GO 9TO ACTION & ALSO ON POPUL> CONTAGION4 ,! RAILROAD WORK]S' /RIKE ?AT WAS COMM5D$ TO ! ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( RAILROAD WORK]S1 A M9ORITY COMP>$ TO ! ,U,G,T'S ,NATIONAL ,RAILROAD ,WORK]S' ,UNION1 DID NOT HAPP5 OR EV5 BEG940 .<#c#g#f.> 

,9 ,LEVANTE1 ! 9SURRECTION HAD AN IMPACT 9 RURAL >EAS SU* AS ,RIB>ROJA1 ,BET]A1 ,P$RALBA1 & ,BUG>RA4 ,! REBELS ATTACK$ ! ,T[N ,HALLS1 DIS>M$ ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 BURN$ PROP]TY REGI/RIES1 & PROCLAIM$ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,9 ,&ALUSIA1 ! REBELLION AFFECT$ ,>COS DE LA ,FRONT]A1 ,UTR]A1 ,MALAGA1 ,LA ,R9CONADA1 ,SANLUC> DE ,B>RAM$A1 ,CADIZ1 ,ALCALA DE LOS ,GAZULES1 ,M$9A ,SIDONIA1 & O!R VILLAGES4 ,! CONFLICT TOOK ON HORRIFY+ DIM5SIONS 9 ,CASAS ,VIEJAS1 :]E ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS SET FIRE TO PEASANTS' HUTS & BURN$ !IR 9HABITANTS ALIVE ON ! ORD]S ( ,CAPTA9 ,ROJAS4 .<#c#g#g.> ,:5 ,CAPTA9 ,ROJAS WAS LAT] ASK$ :Y HIS =CES HAD BE5 SO SAVAGE1 HE REPLI$ ?AT ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,MANUEL ,AZANA HAD ORD]$ HIM TO 0TAKE NO PRISON]S40 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO1 :O WAS 9 HID+ ) ,DURRUTI1 RESPOND$ 9 AN >TICLE TITL$ 0,NOT EV5 IF !Y ORD] IT1 ,CAPTA960  
  

,CAPTA91 ,I'VE SE5 MY COMRADES FALL 9 SL[ DEA? ?ROES & !N COLLAPSE ON ! GR\ND1 BLOOD P\R+ \T ( !IR M\?S1 :ILE LIFE FLEES ?R\< SMALL HOLES 9 !IR =EHEADS4 ,!SE HOLES ( DEA? CRU% ! SKULLS ( !IR VICTIMS & COMPREH5SION 9 ?OSE :O REFLECT UPON !M4 ,ANIDO & ,>LEGUI ORD]$ IT4 

,I'VE SE5 KICKS DE/ROY TEE?1 EYEBR[S1 & LIPS2 M5 FALL UNCONSCI\S ONLY TO BE REVIV$ ) PAILS ( WAT] SO ?AT ! BEAT+ CAN BEG9 AGA9 & !N DROP1 %ATT]$1 ONCE MORE4 ,I'VE HE>D--?IS IS WOR/--?OSE BE+ TORTUR$ %\T \T 9 PA94 ,I REMEMB] A /ORY ?AT AN OLD FRI5D TOLD ME :5 ,I WAS 9 ,*ILI4 0,WE ,SPANI>DS10 HE SAID1 0:O BOA/ SO MU* AB\T BR++ CIVILIZATION TO ! ,AM]ICAS DES]VE ! HATE ?AT !SE ,LAT9 ,AM]ICANS FEEL = US40 

,CAPTA91 ,I SAW A PA9T+ 9 A MUSEUM :5 ,I WAS 9 ,MEXICO4 ,IT WAS A REPRES5TATION ( ,H]NAN ,CORTES & HIS FOLL[]S' HI/ORIC A*IEVEM5T3 ,MONTEZUMA & ONE ( HIS *IEFS W]E BE+ TORTUR$ ) FIRE SO ?AT !Y W\LD REVEAL ! LOCATION ( ! ,AZTEC TREASURE4 ,:ILE ,CORTES'S BE>D$ M5 BURN$ ?OSE ,9DIANS' FEET1 ! LATT] SMIL$ CONTEMPTU\SLY1 KN[+ ?AT ! ,SPANI>DS W\LD DISCOV] NO?+4 ,CAPTA91 9 ,TACUBA .<,MEXICO.> ,I SAW ! GIANT & MILL5NIAL 0TREE ( ! SAD NI<T10 :]E ,H]NAN ,CORTES W5T TO WEEP 9 IMPOT5CE AFT] HIS 9QUISITORIAL A*IEVEM5T4 ,& ,I ALSO SAW 9 ,VILLA ,CISN]OS--?IS WASN'T LONG AGO--H[ A POOR BLACK MAN1 A FRI5D ( COMRADE ,>CAS1 WAS TI$ TO F\R /AKES DRIV5 9TO ! GR\ND & GIV5 FIFTY :IP LA%+S = /EAL+ A PLATE ( FOOD FROM ! LOCAL AIR =CE S]GEANT4 ,I'VE SE5 SO MANY ?+S1 ,CAPTA91 ?AT ! WICK$NESS ( M5 NO LONG] FRI<T5S ME4 ,I HAVE SUFF]$ T]RIBLE ?+S AS WELL1 BUT WE DON'T NE$ TO SPEAK ( ?AT4 ,I HAVE SE5 MANY ?+S1 ,I REPEAT1 BUT ,I NEV] IMAG9$ ?AT SOMEONE C\LD EMBODY !M ALL4 ,I ALWAYS ?\<T ?AT EA* 9/ANCE BELONG$ TO A TIME1 TO P>TICUL> CIRCUM/ANCES & LATITUDES4 ,NEV] DID ,I DREAM ?AT Y\ C\LD 9C>NATE !M ALL1 ,CAPTA96 

,CASAS ,VIEJAS6 ,CASAS ,VIEJAS6 ,Y\'VE %>$ \T KICKS1 :IPP+S ?AT TE> M5'S LIMBS & ELICIT HORR5D\S SCREAMS ( PA9 & RAGE4 ,Y\'VE BURN$ HUMAN BE+S ALIVE1 EV5 AN EI<T YE> OLD GIRL4 

,Y\ %ACKL$ !M1 S9CE IT WASN'T 5\< TO RIP !M FROM !IR MO!RS' >MS1 & LAT] CR[N$ !M ) MACABRE HOLES FROM :I* LIFE FLEES1 LEAV+ LITTLE R$ FL[]S1 A CR[N ( TORM5T4 ,& ALL ( ?IS1 Y\ SAY1 BECAUSE '!Y W]E ORD]S4' ,DO Y\ HAVE NO DIGNITY1 S5SITIVITY1 OR MANL9ESS8 ,DO Y\ BELONG TO RACE ?AT ISN'T HUMAN8 ,IS ?AT :Y ! PA9 ( O!RS HAS NO E*O 9 Y\8 ,HAVE Y\ SE5 M5 SL[LY FALL ON ! GR\ND 9 DEA? ?ROES1 AS BLOOD GU%ES FROM !IR M\?S8 ,Y\ HAD ! SADISM TO ASK =1 TO ORD]3 0,MORE6 ,MORE60 ,DON'T Y\ FEEL ANY ( ! COLD /EEL ?AT PI]CES ! HE>TS ( ! TORM5T$8 

,BECAUSE !Y ORD]$ IT444 ,BECAUSE ?AT IS :AT !Y ORD]$444 ,NOT EV5 IF !Y ORD] IT1 ,CAPTA966 ,NOT EV5 IF !Y ORD] IT66 

,H]NAN ,CORTES F\ND A TREE TO HE> HIS CRIES 9 ,TACUBA4 ,Y\1 IF SOME DAY Y\ FEEL ! NE$ TO CRY1 WON'T EV5 F9D A TREE ?AT WILL LI/5 TO Y\4.<#c#g#h.>  
  

,AT FIR/1 GOV]NM5T PRESSURE 5SUR$ ?AT ! PUBLIC DID NOT LE>N AB\T ITS CRIMES 9 ,CASAS ,VIEJAS4 ,ALL ! LIB]T>IAN NEWSPAP]S W]E BANN$ & NO?+ BUT ! B\RGEOISIE'S HACKS & !IR ,SOCIALI/ *ORUSES W]E FREE TO PUBLI%4 ,! GOV]NM5T DREW A VEIL ( SIL5CE OV] ?AT SMALL VILLAGE ( AN>*I/S4 ,BUT PUBLIC CRITICISM ( ! ,F,A,I'S ATTEMPT$ PUTS* GREW 9CREAS+LY /RID5T4 ,DURRUTI REPLI$ TO ?OSE CRITIQUES 9 ! ,C,N,T'S UND]GR\ND NEWSPAP]1 ,LA ,VOZ ,CONF$]AL3  
  

,\R REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPT WAS NECESS>Y & WE WON'T CEASE 9 \R EF=TS4 ,IT IS ! ONLY WAY TO /OP ! GOV]NM5T FROM /R5G!N+ ITSELF & = ! WORK+ CLASS TO C>RY \T ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ?AT WILL LEAD TO ITS LIB]ATION4 

,?OSE :O SAY ?AT WE WANT$ TO TAKE P[] & IMPOSE A DICTATOR%IP >E LI>S4 ,\R REVOLUTION>Y CONVICTIONS REPUDIATE SU* A GOAL4 ,WE WANT A REVOLUTION = ! PEOPLE & BY ! PEOPLE1 BECAUSE PROLET>IAN LIB]ATION IS IMPOSSIBLE O!RWISE4444 ,WE >E NEI!R ,BLANQUI/S NOR ,TROTSKYI/S1 BUT UND]/& ?AT ! J\RNEY IS LONG & ?AT IT HAS TO BE MADE BY MOV+1 BY GO+ =W>D4 

,DURRUTI DREW HIS COMRADES' ATT5TION TO ! PEASANTRY'S SITUATION 9 ! >TICLE3 

,WE MU/ ACCORD PRIM>Y IMPORTANCE TO ! C\NTRYSIDE1 BECAUSE ! PEASANTRY IS RIPE = REVOLUTION3 !Y LACK$ NO?+ BUT AN IDEAL TO *ANNEL !IR DESP]ATION & N[ !Y HAVE F\ND IT 9 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,\R REVOLUTION WILL BE A DEEPLY HUMAN & PEASANT REVOLUTION4 

,G>CIA ,OLIV] ADVANC$ ! SAME >GUM5T FROM ,B>CELONA'S ,MODELO PRISON4 ,! ,JANU>Y #h REBELLION HAD NOT BE5 9 VA94 ,HAD !RE BE5 VICTIMS8 ,YES1 BUT A ,SOCIALI/-,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T ?AT COMMITS ATROCITIES LIKE ! ONE 9 ,CASAS ,VIEJAS 9EVITABLY KILLS B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY1 EV5 9 ! HE>TS ( ITS MO/ G5]\S DEF5D]S4 

,9 ! /REET1 0! ,?IRTY0 & !IR SUPPORT]S TOOK ! ,JANU>Y REVOLT AS AN EXAMPLE ( ! ,F,A,I'S DICTATOR%IP 9 ! ,C,N,T & BECAME EV5 MORE VIRUL5T 9 !IR CRITICISMS4 ,! ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE HAD TO CONFRONT ! AVALAN*E ( COMPLA9TS & CALL$ A REGIONAL MEET+ = ,M>* #e1 #a#i#c#c4 ,! DISPUTE F9ALLY CAME TO AN 5D !RE3 0! ,?IRTY0 & !IR BACK]S W]E EI!R EXPELL$ OR VOLUNT>ILY )DREW FROM ! ,C,N,T & =M$ SEP>ATE SO-CALL$ 0,OPPOSITION ,UNIONS40 

,:AT REMA9$ ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ,CATALONIA W]E TW5TY C\NTIES & ?REE PROV9CES F$]AT$ AMONG !MSELVES1 ) #b< UNIONS TOTAL+ MORE ?AN #c1 MEMB]S4 ,! ONLY DEFECTIONS FROM ! ,C,N,T W]E 9 ,SABADELL & ,LEVANTE1 :]E ! 0RE=MI/S0 HAD MADE AN IMPACT ON ! METALWORK]1 WOODWORK]1 & TRANSPORT WORK] UNIONS4 ,9 ,&ALUSIA1 !Y HAD AN 5CLAVE 9 ,HUELVA1 BUT ?AT WAS ALL4 ,A TOTAL ( SOME SIXTY ?\S& MEMB]S HAD LEFT1 ) :OM ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA W\LD TRY TO =M ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,P>TY SEV]AL MON?S LAT]4 

,! CONFLICT ) 0! ,?IRTY0 WAS N[ OV]4 ,9 E>LY ,APRIL1 ! PRESS BROKE ! NEWS ?AT ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI HAD BE5 >RE/$ 9 ,SEVILLA4  

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ad -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ad -- ,UPDAT$4 

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