,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ab 
,GU9EA -- ,F]N&O ,POO - ,! ,CAN>IES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I,I4 ,GU9EA -- ,F]N&O ,POO - ,! ,CAN>IES 

  

,! GOV]NM5T GA!R$ ! ,&ALUSIAN DETA9EES 9 ,CADIZ & LOAD$ !M ONTO ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES AS SOON AS IT AN*OR$ \TSIDE ! PORT4 ,! %IP !N SET (F 9TO ! ,ATLANTIC T[>D ! ,CAN>IES1 LEAV+ BEH9D A ,SPA9 9 *AOS4 ,! MILITANTS FROM ,VAL5CIA W5T ON ! ,SAN*EZ ,B>CAIZTEGUI DE/ROY] & MET ! O!RS 9 ,LAS ,PALMAS4 

,AS PREVI\SLY NOT$1 AN>*I/S 9 ,T>RASA TOOK OV] ,T[N ,HALL & PROCLAIM$ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM ON ,FEBRU>Y #ad AS A PROTE/ AGA9/ ! DEPORTATIONS4 ,!RE W]E MORE CLA%ES ) ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D & MORE DEA?S4 ,!RE W]E G5]AL OR P>TIAL /RIKES 9 L>GE CITIES4 ,BOMBS TORE D[N TELEPHONE POLES & DEMOLI%$ ELECTRICAL 9/ALLATIONS4 

,! GOV]NM5T DID EV]Y?+ IT C\LD TO MAKE MATT]S WORSE BY PROVOK+ ! ,RI<TW+ ) DEMAGOG]Y4 ,AL?\< ! GOV]NM5T REALLY HAD NO 9T5TION ( ATTACK+1 ! ,RI<T TOOK ! BRAVADO AS A REAL ?REAT & CONSPIR$ AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,! WORK+ CLASS DIDN'T UND]/& ! P>LIAM5T>IAN'S RHETORIC &1 HAV+ RECEIV$ NO?+ BUT BULLETS FROM ! GOV]NM5T1 ALSO DECL>$ W> ON ! REGIME4 

,! GOV]NM5T DIDN'T REALLY GOV]N BUT WANT$ TO /AY 9 P[]4 ,:AT C\LD IT DO8 ,PUT A WALL ( LEAD BETWE5 ! RUL$ & ! RUL]S4 ,?AT IS EXACTLY :AT ,AZANA'S TEAM DID1 :ILE ALSO TURN+ ! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T 9TO A GIGANTIC DISCUSSION CIRCLE4 

,9 ONE ( ! TRANQUIL SESSIONS ( ! ,P>LIAM5T1 ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/] TOLD ITS HONORABLE MEMB]S ?AT ! GOV]NM5T KNEW QUITE WELL :]E TO S5D ! 0DREAM]S ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM40 0,WE *OOSE ,GU9EA10 HE SAID1 0BECAUSE ITS CLIMATE IS MORE HEAL?Y & ATTRACTIVE ?AN ,FU]TEV5TURA4 ,9 FACT1 ,I'M EV5 ?9K+ ( MAK+ A TRIP !RE MYSELF TO SP5D A FEW DAYS 9 ! COMPANY ( ! DEPORTEES40 ,NO ONE PROTE/$1 BUT DID ANYONE KN[ :AT ,GU9EA WAS REALLY LIKE8 ,IF !Y DID1 SO MU* ! WORSE1 GIV5 :AT ! READ] WILL APPRECIATE AFT] DIGE/+ ! FOLL[+3  
  

,SPA9'S POSSESSIONS 9 ! ,GULF ( ,GU9EA HAVE BE5 JU/LY REG>D$ AS UNHEAL?Y = SOME TIME N[4 ,! FUN]AL LEG5D ( ! DEPORT$ POLITICIAN /ILL FLOATS OV] ITS HOT BEA*ES4 ,ANY EXILE LUCKY 5\< TO RETURN (T5 CAME BACK CONSUM$ BY CA*EXIA & BE>+ G]MS ( DEA? 9 HIS BLOOD4 

,& ?IS IS QUITE NATURAL4 ,9 AN ABSOLUTELY SWELT]+ REGION1 COV]$ BY LEAFY VEGETATION & BA!D BY ! MI/Y & HUMID ATMOSPH]E1 ! 5VIRONM5T IS A D5SE MICROBIAL NURS]Y4 ,IT IS A PROMIS$ L& = EV]Y PA?OG51 P>TICUL>LY ! GR\P ( PROTOZOA ?AT PROVOKE SLEEP SICKNESS1 NAGANA 9 CATTLE1 AMOEBIC DYS5T]Y1 & ! MO/ SEV]E & REBELLI\S V>IETIES ( MAL>IA4 

,GU9EA'S G5TLE BEAUTY IS OBSCUR$ BY ! ?REAT5+ PRES5CE ( !SE G]MS ( DEA? & BE>]S ( DISEASE1 :I* >E TRUE OB/ACLES TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,EUROPEAN CULTURE4 

,?IS TROPICAL 5VIRONM5T OV]:ELMS1 EXHAU/S1 & DE/ROYS ORGANIC & SPIRITUAL LIFE4.<#c#d#h.>  
  

,?AT WAS ! 0G5TLE P>ADISE0 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAD RES]V$ = ?OSE SAIL+ ! ?R\< ! ,ATLANTIC4 ,:ILE ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES TRAVEL$ TO AN 0UNKN[N0 DE/9ATION1 !RE WAS WIDESPREAD TURMOIL ON ! P59SULA4 ,9 ADDITION TO ! TUMULTU\S WAKE LEFT BY ?AT PHANTOM BOAT1 ! REBELLION 9 ,ALTO ,LLOBREGAT HAD MADE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM AN 9CREAS+LY PRESS+ CONC]N = B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUALS4 ,SALVADOR DE ,MAD>IAGA TRI$ TO ELEVATE ! DEBATE3 0,9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#b1 ! ,FIGOLS M9]S ROSE UP AGA9/ ! /ATE & PROCLAIM$ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 :I* !Y CELEBRAT$ ) A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ! 9DU/RI\S ,LLOBREGAT VALLEY4 ,H[1 ! READ] WILL ASK1 DOES ONE EAT 9 ! WORLD ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM8 ,EXACTLY3 H[ DOES ONE EAT8 ,H]E ?OSE MO/ DI/+UI%$ BY !IR IGNORANCE ( ! ,SPANI% WORK+ CLASS NORMALLY 9S]T A /ILT$ DISCLAIM] AB\T ,SPANI% ILLIT]ACY & WORK+ CLASS IGNORANCE4 ,?OSE LIB]T>IANS1 ?OSE ,QUIXOTES ( SOCIAL EMANCIPATION1 :O1 LIKE ! ,MAN FROM ,LA ,MAN*A1 TRI$ TO IMPOSE ! DREAM ?AT 9SPIRES !M ONTO A H>D REALITY1 >E NOT ILLIT]ATE AT ALL & >E JU/ AS CAPABLE ( READ+ AS ?OSE :O ACCUSE !M ( SU* ?+S4 ,IT IS JU/ ?AT !Y HAVE A MU* MORE DEVELOP$ CREATIVE FACULTY ?AN ! J\RNALI/S :O CRITICIZE !M4 ,9/EAD ( READ+ BOOKS1 !Y PREF] TO CREATE !IR [N CATEGORIES & HOPES1 & LIVE !IR LIVES ) A S]5ITY & AN ATTA*M5T TO A MODE ( ?\<T ?AT MANY 9 ! ]UDITE WORLD W\LD 5VY FROM ! COM=TABLE %ELT] ( !IR LIBR>IES4 ,MORE $UCATION IS NE$$1 !Y TELL US4 ,9DE$1 IT WILL TAKE A TREM5D\S AM\NT ( $UCATION TO EXT+UI% ! FAI? ( !SE VISION>IES40 .<#c#d#i.> ,?AT QUOTE WAS REALLY WOR?:ILE4 ,! ,BU5OS ,AIRES /OPP$ 9 ! ,CAN>Y ,ISL&S ONLY LONG 5\< TO PICK UP MORE COAL & ! DETA9EES FROM ,VAL5CIA4 ,IT !N CONT9U$ T[>D ! ,GULF ( ,GU9EA4 ,IT /OCK$ UP ON BANANAS 9 ,DAK>1 ! SOLE S\RCE ( N\RI%M5T = ! DEPORTEES PIL$ UP 9 ! %IP'S HOLD4 ,! 9ADEQUATE FOOD1 UNHYGI5IC CONDITIONS1 & POOR V5TILATION CAUS$ SEV]AL CASES ( BLOOD POISON+4 ,! SICKE/ HAD TO BE TAK5 TO ! HOSPITAL :5 ! %IP AN*OR$ 9 ,SANTA ,ISABEL 9 ,F]N&O ,POO4 ,! CAPTA9 ( ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 A C\S9 ( ,G5]AL ,FRANCO1 !N TELEGRAPH$ ,MADRID & ASK$ :]E !Y %\LD GO4 ,NAVY ,M9I/] ,JOSE ,GIRAL DIRECT$ HIM TO ,BATA4 ,! SICK W]E IMM$IATELY RELOAD$ ONTO ! %IP & ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES TOOK (F = ,BATA4 ,ITS P]PETUAL ESCORT1 ! ,CANOVAS GUNBOAT1 FOLL[$4 

,! ORD]S1 C\NT]-ORD]S1 BAD FOOD1 & EV]Y?+ ?AT 0PLEASURE TRIP0 5TAIL$ PUT ! DEPORTEES ON $GE4 ,!Y 5D$ UP DECL>+ A MUT9Y & TOOK OV] ! BRIDGE4 ,! CAPTA9 WAS AS DISORI5T$ AS ! MUT9E]S & QUICKLY REALIZ$ ?AT IT W\LD BE BE/ TO MAKE SOME CONCESSIONS & NEGOTIATE AN 5D TO ! REBELLION4 ,?ANKS TO !IR ACTION1 BUNKS W]E DI/RIBUT$1 ! FOOD IMPROV$1 & DECK ACCESS P]MITT$ = FRE% AIR4 ,ALL ?IS C\LD HAVE BE5 PRACTIC$ FROM ! \TSET1 BUT !Y HAD TO REVOLT1 TO %[ !IR TEE?1 TO SECURE IT4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS NOT AN EMPTY T]M4 

,S9CE !Y DECID$ ?AT !Y %\LD NOT TO LEAVE ! SICK 9 ,BATA1 ! %IP RETRAC$ ITS PA? T[>D ! ,CAN>IES1 :]E !Y W]E 9T]N$ 9 ! HOSPITAL 9 ,FU]TEV5TURA4 ,!N !Y SET (F = ,RIO DE ,ORO4 ,! MILIT>Y COMM&] !RE WAS ! SON ( ,JOSE ,REGU]AL & HE REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! DETA9EES BECAUSE ,DURRUTI WAS AMONG !M1 :OM HE HELD RESPONSIBLE = HIS FA!R'S MURD]4 ,:AT TO DO8 ,!RE WAS ANO!R CONSULTATION ) ,GIRAL & ANO!R TRIP TO ,FU]TEV5TURA TO DROP (F ,DURRUTI & SIX ADDITIONAL M5 !RE4 ,! %IP !N SAIL$ T[>D ,AFRICA ONCE AGA94 ,AFT] COM+ & GO+ ACROSS ! ,ATLANTIC = MON?S1 ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES F9ALLY REA*$ ,VILLA ,CISN]OS1 :I* SEEM$ TO BE ITS F9AL DE/9ATION4 ,! GOV]NM5T HAD ?\<T ( EV]Y?+ :5 IT PLANN$ ! 0,ATLANTIC EXCURSION0 & EV5 S5T ALONG A J\RNALI/ TO *RONICLE ! ODYSSEY = ! ,SPANI% PUBLIC4 ,( C\RSE HIS >TICLES W]E PICTURESQUE TALES ( A C>EFREE JAUNT & IT WAS SURELY !IR 9FLU5CE ?AT L$ ,TUNON DE ,L>A TO DESCRIBE ! EXP$ITION AS A 0R\ND TRIP VOYAGE1 )\T A /OP 9 ,GU9EA40 .<#c#e.> ,& HIS >TICLES MU/ HAVE 5T]TA9$ V]Y FEW1 GIV5 ! COMMOTION SWEEP+ ,SPA9 AT ! TIME4 ,!RE W]E ?+S ( MU* GREAT] 9T]E/1 SU* AS ! G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,OR5SE1 :]E >M$ WORK]S ROSE AGA9/ ! GOV]NOR 9 LATE ,M>* & TOLD HIS COMPATRIOT ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA TO GO TO HELL ) HIS ,CIVIL ,GU>D4 ,!Y PROMIS$ TO 0TE> HIM TO %R$S0 .<#c#e#a.> IF HE SET FOOT 9 ,GALICIA4 ,:ILE ,SPA9 DRIFT$ 9EXORABLY T[>D CIVIL W>1 ,DURRUTI & HIS FRI5DS C\NT$ ! DAYS 9 ,FU]TEV5TURA1 JU/ AS ! DEPORTEES 9 ,VILLA ,CISN]OS C\NT$ !M ) CLOCKS ( S&4 ,! TIRELESS CONSPIRATOR ,RAMON ,FRANCO VISIT$ ! DEPORTEES 9 ,VILLA ,CISN]OS & URG$ !M TO TRY TO ESCAPE ON A SAILBOAT ?AT HE HAD PREP>$ = ! PURPOSE4 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO TOLD HIM ?AT IT W\LD BE BETT] IF HE FOCUS$ ON C\NT]ACT+ ! /ORIES ( ! 0GOV]NM5T *RONICL]0 ) A REAL ACC\NT ( !IR LIVES !RE4 .<#c#e#b.> 

,= HIS P>T1 ,DURRUTI LEFT A VIVID /ATEM5T AB\T ! EXP]I5CE 9 A LETT] ?AT HE S5T TO HIS FAMILY AS SOON AS !IR COM+S & GO+S HAD /OPP$3 ,CABRAS ,PORT1 ,APRIL #a#h1 #a#i#c#b4 

,MY PILGRIMAGE ON !SE SEAS HAS F9ALLY COME TO AN 5D & N[1 AS A RESID5T ( ?IS LO/ ISL&1 ,I'M ABLE TO S5D Y\ A NOTE4 

,YE/]DAY WAS ! FIR/ TIME ?AT ,I RECEIV$ ANY MAIL S9CE LEAV+ ,B>CELONA4 ,IT'S LETT]S FROM ,MIMI1 ,P]ICO1 & O!R FRI5DS4 ,I WAS CUT (F FROM ! WORLD UNTIL !N1 NOT KN[+ ANY?+ AB\T Y\ ALL4 ,! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T ISN'T CONT5T ) ?IS CRIM9AL DEPORTATION & HAS TO V5T ITSELF ON US BY SUBJECT+ US TO ! MO/ EXTREME ISOLATION4 ,?OSE G5TLEM5 >E SO SMALL-M9D$ ?AT !Y ?9K WE LACK ! FEEL+ ( LOVE SIMPLY BECAUSE WE >E REVOLUTION>IES & ?AT ?OSE DE> TO US >E 9S5SITIVE BE+S :O >E UNCONC]N$ AB\T \R WELF>E4 

,I'M SURE Y\'VE READ AB\T \R TREK 9 ! PRESS4 ,I W\LD NE$ A LOT ( PAP] & EV5 MORE CALM TO FULLY EXPLA9 ! TRAG$Y ( \R DEPORTATION4 ,WE'VE SUFF]$ GREATLY & EXP]I5C$ SEV]AL TRAGIC MOM5TS4 ,WE W]E NE>LY EXECUT$ BY SOME POOR SAILORS1 :O ALMO/ GUNN$ US D[N AFT] A DRUNK (FIC]S' CORPS 9CIT$ !M4 

,I LAT] SPOKE ) ONE ( ?OSE SAILORS1 :O WAS EXTREMELY A%AM$ ( HIS CONDUCT4 ,! Y\NG FELL[ TOLD ME ?AT 0WE PO9T$ \R RIFLES AT Y\ BECAUSE ! (FIC]S SAID ?AT Y\ WANT$ TO KILL US4 ,I WAS ON ! W> %IP & !Y TOLD ME ?AT Y\ WANT$ TO MURD] MY COMRADES1 ! SAILORS4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 AN ACT ( C[>DICE ON \R P>T TO LET !M BE ASSASS9AT$4 ,IT WAS UND] ?AT 9TOXICATION ( WORDS & ALCOHOL ?AT WE LEFT ! ,CANOVAS & BO>D$ ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES444 ,Y\ KN[ ! RE/40 

,I'LL BE C]TA9 TO EXPLA9 ?AT 0RE/0 TO ! ,SPANI% WORK]S :5 ,I SET FOOT ON ! ,P59SULA AGA94 

,MY HEAL? IS GOOD4 ,MY SEP>ATION FROM ! O!R DEPORTEES IS A GOV]NM5T MATT]4 ,IT TURNS \T ?AT ! MILIT>Y MAN 9 *>GE ( ,RIO DE ,ORO IS ,REGU]AL'S SON &1 ONCE HE F\ND \T ?AT ,I WAS ONBO>D ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 HE ?REAT5$ TO RESIGN IF ,I DISEMB>K$ !RE4 ,?AT'S :Y ,I AM 9 ,FU]TEV5TURA4 ,!RE >E SIX O!R COMRADES ) ME1 :O W]E SICK :5 WE GOT (F ! %IP BUT >E N[ BETT] OR GETT+ BETT]4 

,?IS ISL& IS A MIS]ABLE PLACE & QUITE NEGLECT$ BY ALL ! GOV]NM5TS ?AT HAVE NON-GOV]N$ ,SPA94 ,WE LIVE 9 A B>RACKS & !Y GIVE US #a4#g#e PESETAS TO COV] \R DAILY CO/S4 ,! GOV]NM5T M5 ?9K ?AT WE HAVE ?\S&S ) :I* TO BUY \R FOOD4 ,SURELY !Y >E CONFUS+ US ) ,UNAMUNO & ,RODRIGO ,SORIANO4 ,WE'VE COMPLA9$ TO ,MADRID & >E WAIT+ = A REPLY4 ,WE CAN'T LIVE 9 ! B>RACKS & MU* LESS ON #a4#g#e PESETAS A DAY4 

,! ISL&'S RESID5TS W]E AFRAID ( US AT FIR/4 ,!Y HAD BE5 L$ TO BELIEVE ?AT WE EAT *ILDR5 RAW1 BUT CALM$ D[N AFT] 9T]ACT+ ) US4 

,!Y EV5 LET !IR KIDS PLAY ) US N[444 

,YE/]DAY1 ,SUNDAY1 A MAN :O WAS PREVI\SLY V]Y ALO( CAME BY ) HIS WIFE4 ,%E WANT$ TO MEET ME1 S9CE %E'S FROM ,LEON AS WELL 7! PROV9CE1 NOT ! CAPITAL74 ,!Y'RE GOOD PEOPLE4 ,!Y BR\<T ME BOOKS &1 P]HAPS AS A M]E C\RTESY1 ALSO (F]$ ME !IR HOME4 

,I DON'T KN[ H[ LONG ?IS EXILE WILL LA/ & !Y HAV5'T TOLD ME ITS REASON4 ,!Y >RE/$ ME UND] ! PRETEXT ( F9+ ME = MAK+ SOME SC&AL\S COMM5TS AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,RALLY4 ,!Y PUT ME 9 A CELL AT ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S & !N ON ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES4 ,I HOPE ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/] WILL EXPLA9 ! MATT] ( ! F9E TO ME & ALSO H[ LONG HE 9T5DS TO KEEP ME ON ?IS ISL&4 

,I'M ?9K+ ( GO+ TO ,LEON AS SOON AS ,I LEAVE H]E & ASK+ ,DEPUTY ,NI/AL :Y HE SUPPORT$ MY DEPORTATION4 ,I'M ALSO ?9K+ ( ASK+ HIM IF ! ,REPUBLIC IS AT W> ) GEOGRAPHY & HAS BURN$ ALL ! MAPS4 ,IT TURNS \T ?AT !Y S5T US TO ,BATA1 )\T KN[+ :]E ,BATA WAS4 ,FROM ,BATA TO ,F]N&O ,POO1 ALSO UNAW>E ( :]E IT WAS4 ,FROM ,F]N&O ,POO TO ,VILLA ,CISN]OS TO LOAD COAL1 :5 !RE'S NO?+ BUT S& !RE4444 

,:5 ,I GET BACK TO ! ,P59SULA1 ?OSE ,SOCIALI/ G5TLEM5 :O HAVE =GOTT5 SOCIALISM WILL HAVE TO TELL ! WORK+ CLASS :Y !Y APPROV$ \R BANI%M5T4 ,&1 TO ME1 !Y'LL HAVE TO CL>IFY !IR COLLABORATION ) ! MON>*I/S & :]E ?OSE MILLIONS >E ?AT !Y SAY ,I'VE RECEIV$4444 ,! ,REPUBLICANS & ,SOCIALI/S >E MI/AK5 IF !Y ?9K !Y'LL SAVE ! ,REPUBLIC LIKE ?IS4 ,ONE DAY1 WE1 ! AGITATORS :O HAVE TO GET UP EV]Y MORN+ & 5T] ! FACTORY LIKE SLAVES WILL EMBRACE ! WORK+ CLASS'S TRUE ID5TITY3 ! SOLE PRODUC] ( SOCIAL WEAL?4 .<#c#e#c.> ,WE ALSO POSSESS A /ATEM5T FROM A WITNESS AB\T ,DURRUTI'S TIME 9 ,FU]TEV5TURA4 ,HE WRITES3  
  

,IT'S TRUE ?AT WE KNEW EA* O!R & ?AT ,I LOAN$ HIM BOOKS1 :I* HE WAS V]Y FOND (1 AL?\< ,I NEV] HE>D FROM HIM AGA9 AFT] HE LEFT4 ,DURRUTI HAD ! DEEP MAK+S ( AN AN>*I/ & ,I WAS HIS ANTAGONI/ 9 ALL \R DISCUSSIONS AB\T \R RESPECTIVE IDEOLOGIES4 ,BUT1 :5 MY BRO!R >RIV$ 9 ,B>CELONA ON ! ,VILLA DE ,MADRID ON ,JULY #b1 #aicf & ONE ( ! %IP /EW>DS ACCUS$ HIM ( BE+ A FASCI/1 HE REMEMB]$ ?AT HE HAD SE5 US SPEAK & W5T TO ,DURRUTI1 TELL+ HIM ?AT HE WAS MY BRO!R4 ,?AT WAS 5\< = ,DURRUTI TO PUT HIM 9 A SECURE PLACE & ?US PREV5T HIS EXECUTION4444 

,I REMEMB] ?AT ?IS D>+ AN>*I/ ( ACTION WAS ALSO V]Y S5TIM5TAL4 ,ONCE HE READ ME A P>AGRAPH FROM A LETT] S5T BY HIS COMPAN]A1 9 :I* %E TOLD HIM ?AT !IR LITTLE DAU<T] WAS V]Y SICK4 ,HE WAS OV]:ELM$ ) EMOTION & C\LD B>ELY F9I% READ+ IT4 

,DURRUTI LIV$ AN ORD]LY & CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE H]E4 ,HE ASK$ ME = BOOKS & SP5T H\RS ON ! BREAKWAT] ( ! PI]4 ,HE WAS QUITE FOND ( ! WOM51 ) :OM HE HAD C]TA9 SUCCESSES444 ,HE WAS ALWAYS SQUABBL+ ) HIS EXIL$ COMRADES4 ,HE TOLD !M ?AT !Y W]E A BUN* ( IDIOTS1 DIDN'T UND]/& ?+S1 & H>DLY KNEW H[ TO READ4 0,H[ DO Y\ EXPECT TO SUCCE$ 9 LIFE80 HE'D SAY4.<#c#e#d.>  
  

,! SITUATION ON ! ,P59SULA WAS DET]IORAT+ DAILY4 ,DUR+ ! E>LY DAYS ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 POLITICIANS HAD BE5 ABLE TO ACCUSE PROM95T ,F,A,I M5 LIKE ,ASCASO1 ,DURRUTI1 & ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ( BE+ 0PROVOCATEURS40 ,BUT :O WAS PROVOK+ ! DI/URBANCES N[1 A YE> LAT]1 :5 TWO ( !M W]E BANI%$ & ANO!R IMPRISON$8 ,IT WAS ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T ITSELF ?AT WAS CAUS+ ! DISRUPTIONS1 AS IT C>RI$ ON )\T KN[+ :AT TO DO 9 A ,SPA9 9 REVOLT4 ,IF ! WORK]S W]5'T RIS+ UP 9 >MS 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! PEASANTS W]E 9VAD+ ! E/ATES & SEIZ+ FOOD W>EH\SES 9 ,&ALUSIA1 OR ! MASSES 9 ,OR5SE1 ,Z>AGOZA1 OR ,LOGRONO W]E REBELL+ AGA9/ !IR UNBE>ABLE CONDITIONS4 ,! GOV]NM5T'S REM$Y = ?OSE ILLS WAS ALWAYS ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 :I* SAVAGELY MA*9E-GUNN$ ! PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ WOM5 & *ILDR54 ,BUT = ! RUL]S1 ! 0,F,A,II/AS0 W]E ! 9/IGATORS ( ! CONFLICTS4 ,!Y MADE !SE CLAIMS1 9 P>T1 BECAUSE !Y /ILL HOP$ TO 9CORPORATE ! ,C,N,T 9TO ! /ATE4 ,9DE$ A H&FUL ( ,C,N,T M5 CONT9U$ TO BE SYMPA!TIC TO ?AT GOAL4 ,PROGRESO ,F]N&EZ D5\NC$ ?IS 9 A ,MAY #a#b1 #aicb >TICLE 9 ,EL ,DESI]TO DEL ,SAH>A3  
  

,I MU/ PROTE/--N[ AS A DEPORTEE1 JU/ LIKE :5 ,I WAS FREE--AGA9/ !SE ACTIVITIES & REPUDIATE ANY POLITICIAN :O TRIES TO SPEAK 9 MY NAME4 ,I ALSO REJECT ! SUPPORT ( 0! ,?IRTY10 ! 0MOD]ATES10 & ! 0RESPONSIBLES0 ( ! ,CONF$]ATION1 :I* W\LD 9JURE MY DIGNITY4 ,9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 IT IS !Y :O BE> ! GREATE/ RESPONSIBILITY = ! 9C>C]ATIONS1 DEPORTATIONS1 & P]SECUTION4 

,TODAY1 MORE ?AN EV]1 WE HAVE TO /OP ! SPREAD ( CONFUSION AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ MORE TOL]ANT1 :I* ! RASCALS ALWAYS EXPLOIT1 WE MU/ DISCR$IT ! POLITICIANS & EV]Y?+ ?AT !Y REPRES5T4 ,WE CAN'T /& ALO( FROM POLITICAL P>TIES3 WE HAVE TO FI<T !M ALL4 ,TODAY1 MORE ?AN EV]1 WE HAVE TO BE OP5LY & CON/ANTLY AT W> ) !M4 

,! ,CONF$]ATION1 AN>*ISM1 & ! REVOLUTION >E MU* MORE ?AN ! DEPORTEES & ! PRISON]S4 ,! PR9CIPLES ?AT %APE \R /RUGGLES >E BIGG] ?AN ALL ( US & ALL ! VICTIMS ( ! BATTLE AGA9/ ! AU?ORIT>IAN SY/EM4 ,IF ?AT W]5'T ! CASE1 WE W\LDN'T F9D \R IDEAS AFFIRM$ 9 SOCIAL LIFE & ! COMPREH5SIVE REVOLUTION ?AT WE AN>*I/S ADVOCATE W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 

,\R LIB]ATION--! LIB]ATION ( ALL ! DEPORTEES & PRISON]S--HAS TO BE ACCOMPLI%$ )\T :IMP]S OR CAPITULATIONS1 ) DIGNITY1 & )\T HELP FROM POLITICAL FACTIONS ?AT >E HO/ILE TO \R IDEAS4 ,ONLY ! =CEFUL ACTION ( ! ,C,N,T1 ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 & REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S CAN A*IEVE \R FRE$OM3 & IT MU/ BE A*IEV$ BECAUSE IT IS A DUTY4 ,ANY DEP>TURE FROM ?AT PR9CIPLE W\LD NOT ONLY BE 9CONSI/5T ) ! TACTICS ( DIRECT ACTION & \R AN>*I/ DOCTR9ES1 BUT ALSO AN UNP>DONABLE ]ROR ?AT W\LD UND]M9E ! POSSIBILITIES = SOCIAL TRANS=MATION (F]$ BY ! PRES5T HI/ORICAL MOM5T4.<#c#e#e.>  
  

,?IS >TICLE1 & ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S REPORT TO HIS UNION1 PO9T TO ! CONFUSION 9 LIB]T>IAN CIRCLES4 ,! ,F,A,I TRI$ TO RADICALIZE ! ,C,N,T BUT ! 0MOD]ATE0 FACTION WAS /ILL 5SCONC$ 9 ITS COMMITTEES & NOT ONLY OPPOS$ ! ,F,A,I'S EF=TS BUT ALSO CONT9U$ TO ADVANCE AN AMBIGU\S1 COLLABORATIONI/ POSITION4 ,?IS PREV5T$ ! MOVEM5T FROM (F]+ A COH]5T1 REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY ?AT W\LD 5ABLE ! WORK]S TO REA* !IR OBJECTIVES4 ,& ! GOV]NM5T EXASP]AT$ 9T]NAL CONFLICTS BY PROTECT+ C]TA9 ,C,N,T LEAD]S FROM P]SECUTION :ILE ACT+ H>%LY AGA9/ ! ,F,A,I &1 9DIRECTLY1 ALL WORK]S' PROTE/S4 ,CLE>LY ! ,C,N,T W\LD BE UNABLE TO PLAY ITS TRUE HI/ORICAL ROLE AS LONG AS IT WAS TRAPP$ 9 ?AT P>ALYZ+ CONFUSION1 EV5 IF ! NUMB] ( ITS MEMB]S HAPP5$ TO 9CREASE4 ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 & ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ALL UND]/OOD ?AT1 DESPITE ! GEOGRAPHIC DI/ANCES ?AT SEP>AT$ !M4 

,! REPRESSION HAD TO /OP = ! MOVEM5T TO ADDRESS ITS DIFFICULTIES1 YET IT WAS GR[+ 9CREAS+LY MORE SEV]E4 ,IT IS 5\< TO TAKE A LOOK AT ! AN>*I/ PRESS TO BE CONV9C$ ( ?IS4 ,AFT] EA* >TICLE !RE IS A NAME & !N3 ,PRISON ( ,SEVILLA1 ,MODELO ,PRISON ( ,B>CELONA1 ,PU]TO ( ,SANTA ,M>IA1 ,Z>AGOZA ,PRISON1 ,SAH>A ,DES]T1 ETC4 ,ALMO/ ALL ! WELL-KN[N 0,F,A,II/AS0 W]E 9C>C]AT$4 ,SO1 :O WAS PLAC+ ! BOMBS8 ,:O 0ORD]$0 ! WORK]S TO REBEL8 ,:O L$ ! /RIKES1 LIKE ! ,PUBLIC ,S]VICES /RIKE ?AT HAD TURN$ ,B>CELONA 9TO AN IMM5SE G>BAGE DUMP8 ,IT WAS NO?+ MORE & NO?+ LESS ?AN ! WORK+ CLASS1 :I* WAS BECOM+ CONSCI\S ( ITS HI/ORICAL MISSION4 

,! RANK & FILE PRESSUR$ ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE TO (F] A RADICAL REPLY TO ! HELLI% CONDITIONS4 ,ULTIMATELY IT HAD TO CONS5T & CALL$ A G5]AL /RIKE = ,MAY #b#i4 ,! ,MAY #bg $ITORIAL 9 ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD EXPLA9$ ! ,F,A,I'S VIEW ( ! /RIKE3  
  

,WE HAVE REA*$ AN EXTREME 9 :I* !RE >E TWO POSSIBILITIES3 EI!R ! REPRESSION /OPS OR ! ,C,N,T COLLAPSES4 ,S9CE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO EXT]M9ATE ! ,C,N,T1 :I* LIVES 9 ALL PROLET>IAN HE>TS1 ! REPRESSION MU/ 5D1 EV5 IF ?AT MEANS ?AT ! V]Y REGIME ?AT SUPPORTS & 5C\RAGES IT HAS TO CRUMBLE4 

,= ! LA/ TIME1 ! ,C,N,T WILL GIVE ! GOV]NM5T A *ANCE TO RESPOND TO POPUL> S5TIM5T & RECTIFY ITSELF4 ,IT WILL PUT ITS =CES 9 MOTION1 NOT 9 A REVOLUTION>Y S5SE1 BUT AS A LA/-DIT* PROTE/ AGA9/ ! AU?ORITIES' T]RORI/ ME?ODS4 ,! GOV]NM5T'S BEHAVIOR ON ,MAY #bi WILL DET]M9E :E!R OR NOT MORE S]I\S & TRANSC5D5T EV5TS WILL FOLL[4 ,! WORK]S1 IF NECESS>Y1 WILL ANSW] VIOL5CE ) VIOL5CE4 

,& IF ! GOV]NM5T DOES NOT GRANT :AT ! PEOPLE DEM& AFT] ?IS DATE1 ON :I* ! :OLE ,SPANI% PROLET>IAT MU/ DEMON/RATE1 ! PEOPLE WILL KN[ H[ TO TAKE IT !MSELVES ?R\< REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 .<,! DEM&S 9CLUD$ FRE$OM = ! PRISON]S1 OP5+ ! CLOS$ UNIONS1 & ! FREE CIRCULATION ( ! ,C,N,T'S PUBLICATIONS1 ETC4.> 

,N[ ! WORK]S KN[ IT3 IF ! GOV]NM5T DOES NOT YIELD AFT] ,MAY #b#i1 WE WILL =CIBLY SEIZE :AT IT D5IES US AGA9/ ALL REASON4 ,!RE MU/ BE AN IMM$IATE ATTACK ON ALL ! GOV]NM5T'S CO]CIVE PRACTICES4 ,! PEOPLE MU/ DE/ROY ! PRISONS & FREE ! 9MATES4 ,!Y MU/ RE-OP5 ! UNIONS4 ,! SLOGAN IS3 EI!R ,FASCISM OR ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO6 ,EI!R ,REPUBLICAN OPPRESSION OR LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM6  
  

,AS EXPECT$1 ! GOV]NM5T DID NOT C$E4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT MOBILIZ$ ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>D & ,CIVIL ,GU>D & DELIB]ATELY PROVOK$ ! WORK]S1 S5D+ NEW DETA9EES TO PRISON & NEW CORPSES TO ! CEMET]IES4 ,! BALANCE ( ! DAY ( PROTE/ WAS TRAGIC4 ,DID ! GOV]NM5T ?9K ?IS W\LD PACIFY1 DISC\RAGE1 OR 9TIMIDATE ! WORK]S8 ,IF SO1 IT WAS COMPLETELY MI/AK54 ,?AT V]Y NI<T ! AN>*I/ GR\PS ( ,B>CELONA PL$G$ !IR DEFIANCE4 ,9 A MANIFE/O TITL$ 0,WE DEM& ! RI<T TO DEF5D \RSELVES AGA9/ GOV]NM5T VIOL5CE10 !Y WROTE3  
  

,H[ CAN WE DESCRIBE \R RUL]S1 :O PROP !MSELVES UP ) CANNONS & MILITIAS LOAD$ ) >MS8 ,:Y DON'T !Y TELL IT TO ! PEOPLE8 ,:Y DON'T !Y TELL ! PEOPLE ?AT !Y CAN'T SU/A9 !MSELVES )\T DYNAMITE & >E ?US ! WOR/ DYNAMIT]S ( ALL8 ,:Y CAN'T !Y LIVE )\T BE+ >M$ TO ! TEE?8 ,:Y DON'T !Y TELL ALL ?IS TO ! PEOPLE8 ,WELL1 WE >E SAY+ IT N[1 WE :O >E BY NATURE ALWAYS READY TO SPEAK ! TRU?4 ,& WE SAY MORE4 ,WE SAY ?AT SU* TYRANNY & ABUSE %\LD FRI<T5 NO ONE4 ,WE SAY ?AT ! PEOPLE NOT ONLY HAVE ! RI<T BUT ALSO ! DUTY TO >M !MSELVES & DEF5D !MSELVES LIKE LIONS4 ,WE SAY ?AT 9/EAD ( DY+ ( HUNG]1 WE %\LD FOLL[ HI/ORY'S LESSONS4 ,S9CE EV]YONE ELSE IS >M$1 9 ORD] TO MAKE ! PEOPLE'S LIVES IMPOSSIBLE1 WE DECL>E ?AT ! PEOPLE %\LDN'T HESITATE TO USE =CE TO A*IEVE !IR GOALS4 ,WE WILL PREA* BY EXAMPLE4.<#c#e#f.>  
  

,9 ,EMILI5NE ,MOR9'S ,FEBRU>Y LETT] TO ! ,FR5* AN>*I/S1 %E COMPLA9$ ?AT ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T LET MON>*I/S CONSPIRE OP5LY :ILE IT P]SECUT$ ! WORK]S4 ,AT ! TIME1 H] COMM5T C\LD HAVE BE5 SE5 AS A M]E EXPRESSION ( BITT]NESS1 BUT EV5TS ?AT OCCURR$ ON ,AUGU/ #a1 #aicb CONFIRM$ IT AS PRESCI5T4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,RI<T HAD BE5 CONSPIR+ AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC S9CE ITS PROCLAMATION4 ,)\T EXCEPTION1 ! CONSPIRATORS HELD HI< MILIT>Y & CIVIL PO/S 9 ! ,REPUBLICAN /ATE4 ,! PLOTT]S SELECT$ A MAN-GUIDE TO LEAD !M3 ,G5]AL ,SANJURJO1 ! ,G5]AL ,DIRECTOR ( ! ,C>AB9]OS .<BORD] POLICE.>4 ,& !Y GAVE ! CONSPIRACY AN ID5TITY1 REFLECT+ ! =CES CON/ITUT+ IT3 MILIT>Y->I/OCRATIC-L&[N]4 

,! BASIC CONT\RS ( ?IS CONSPIRACY WILL REAPPE> LAT]1 :5 ,G5]AL ,FRANCO REVOLTS 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,MANUEL ,AZANA1 ! ,PRIME ,M9I/] & ,M9I/] ( ,W>1 WAS AW>E ( EV]Y?+ & LET IT EXPLODE 9 ,MADRID ON ,AUGU/ #a4 ,! ATTEMPT TO TAKE OV] ! ,PALACE ( ,COMMUNICATIONS & ! ,M9I/RY ( ,W> FAIL$ BECAUSE ( C[>DICE AMONG ! REBELS4 ,! UPRIS+ 5D$ 9 ,SPA9'S CAPITAL AFT] A SMALL CLA% 9 :I* TWO PEOPLE LO/ !IR LIVES4 ,BUT ! SITUATION WAS DIFF]5T 9 ,SEVILLA1 :]E ,SANJURJO WAS S]I\S AB\T ! REVOLT4 ,! CONSPIRATORS W\LD HAVE BE5 VICTORI\S IF NOT = ,C,N,T & ,COMMUNI/ WORK]S1 :O DEFEAT$ !M BY DECL>+ A G5]AL /RIKE & CALL+ ! WORK+ POPULATION TO >MS4 ,:Y DID ! ,C,N,T RISK ITS MILITANTS' LIVES TO SAVE A REGIME ?AT HAD IMPRISON$ HUNDR$S ( ,C,N,T MEMB]S & CLOS$ ITS UNIONS8 ,! ONLY COH]5T RESPONSE PO9TS TO LESSONS EXTRACT$ FROM ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S C\P2 ?AT ! ,REPUBLIC1 DESPITE ITS ANTAGONISM TO ! WORK]S1 WAS A WEAK /ATE & ?US EASI] TO FI<T4 ,:ATEV] ! CASE1 IT WAS ! ,C,N,T ?AT SAV$ ! ,REPUBLIC 9 ,SEVILLA4 ,DID ! ,REPUBLICAN-,SOCIALI/ LEAD]S UND]/& ?IS8 ,! EV5TS ?AT FOLL[$ DEMON/RATE ?AT !Y CLE>LY DID NOT4 

,! REBELS W]E JUDG$ QUICKLY BY A MILIT>Y TRIBUNAL ON ,AUGU/ #b#d4 ,! R+LEAD]1 ,G5]AL ,SANJURJO1 RECEIV$ A DEA? S5T5CE1 AL?\< ?AT WAS SIMPLY A MATT] ( DECORUM3 HE WAS IMM$IATELY P>DON$ & 9C>C]AT$ ONLY BRIEFLY4 ,! O!R G5]ALS & LEAD]S RECEIV$ LI<T S5T5CES & ONE HUNDR$ W]E S5T TO ,VILLA ,CISN]OS1 :I* !Y ESCAP$ FROM %ORTLY AFT] >RIV+4 ,ALL ! ,AUGU/ CONSPIRATORS W]E FREELY WALK+ ! /REETS ( ,SPA9 BE=E ! YE> WAS OV]4 

,:5 ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T DECID$ TO S5D ! PLOTT]S TO ,VILLA ,CISN]OS1 IT FIR/ HAD TO REMOVE ! AN>*I/S4 ,IT S5T !M TO ,FU]TEV5TURA ,ISL&4 

,9 ,SEPTEMB]1 ! GOV]NM5T F9ALLY DECID$ ?AT ! DEPORT$ AN>*I/S C\LD RETURN TO ! ,P59SULA4 ,! FIR/ TO MAKE ! TRIP W]E ! 0T]RIBLE0 M9]S ( ,LLOBREGAT4 ,FROM ,LAS ,PALMAS TO ,B>CELONA1 L>GE WORK]S' RALLIES GREET$ !IR LIB]ATION EV]Y:]E ?AT ! /EAM%IP C>RY+ !M HAD TO /OP4 ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO1 ,CANO ,RUIZ1 ,PROGRESO ,F]N&EZ1 ,CANELA1 & O!RS MADE UP ! LA/ GR\P TO LEAVE ! ,CAN>IES4 ,AFT] SEE+ ! WORK]S' DEMON/RATIONS ORGANIZ$ 9 SUPPORT ( ! DEPORTEES1 ! GOV]NM5T ORD]$ ! /EAM%IP ?AT PICK$ !M UP 7! ,VILLA DE ,MADRID7 TO GO DIRECTLY TO ,B>CELONA )\T PAUS+ AT ANY PORT 5 R\TE4 ,:ILE AU?ORITIES MANAG$ TO PREV5T MOBILIZATIONS 9 ,CADIZ & ,VAL5CIA 9 ?IS WAY1 !Y C\LD NOT PREV5T ! IMM5SE C]EMONY HELD TO RECEIVE !M 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,9 HIS F>EWELL /ATEM5T1 ,ASCASO HAD SAID ?AT :AT ! GOV]NM5T WANT$ TO DEPORT W]E ! IDEAS1 BUT ?AT !Y W\LD REMA94 ,?AT WAS UND\BT$LY TRUE3 9 SLI<TLY MORE ?AN A YE>1 ! ,C,N,T HAD GR[N FROM #h1 TO #a1#b1 MEMB]S4 

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