,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #i 
,T[>D ! ,PRIMO ,DE ,RIV]A ,DICTATOR%IP 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,X4 ,T[>D ! ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A DICTATOR%IP 

  

,:ILE ,Z>AGOZA POLICE US$ ! MO/ ODI\S TACTICS TO F9D ! M5 :O KILL$ ,C>D9AL ,SOLDEVILA1 ! P]SON ?AT ! PRESS DEPICT$ AS ! C5TRAL FIGURE 9 ! MATT]--! 0T]RIBLE ,DURRUTI0--WAS RELEAS$ FROM ! ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN ,PROV9CIAL ,PRISON4 ,! 9CONGRUITIES ( ! LAW6 ,! LA/ TIME ?AT ,DURRUTI'S MO!R HAD VISIT$ HIM 9 PRISON1 HE PROMIS$ H] ?AT HE W\LD GO TO ,LEON ! M9UTE ?AT HE WAS FRE$ & SP5D SOME TIME ) ! FAMILY4 ,BUT :5 HE F\ND \T AB\T ! >RE/ ( ,ASCASO & ! O!R COMRADES 9 ,Z>AGOZA1 HE DECID$ AGA9/ ! ,LEON TRIP & W5T TO ,B>CELONA )\T DELAY4 

,DURRUTI C\LD SEE ?AT !RE WAS S]I\S CONFUSION AMONG AN>*I/S & ,C,N,TI/AS AS SOON AS HE >RIV$4 ,?REE T5D5CIES /RUGGL$ TO IMPOSE !IR CONTROL ON ! ,CONF$]ATION4 ,ONE WAS A MISGUID$ REVOLUTION>Y POSITION ?AT WANT$ TO 9/ITUTIONALIZE HOLDUPS AS A ,C,N,T /RATEGY4 ,! SECOND1 ADVANC$ BY ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA WAS A MORE MOD]ATE VIEW & D5\NC$ ! ILLEGALI/ APPROA* AS ALI5 TO ! ,C,N,T & AN>*ISM4 ,F9ALLY1 !RE W]E ! ,BOL%EVIK-,CONF$]ALS 7PR9CIPALLY ,N91 ,MAUR91 & ,>L&IS71 :O P]SEV]$ 9 !IR ATTEMPT TO TAKE CONTROL ( ! ,C,N,T1 PUTT+ =W>D !IR ,SYNDICALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES4 

,! SITUATION WAS EV5 MORE CONFUS+ 9 ! NATIONAL POLITICAL REALM4 ,! P>TIES1 9CLUD+ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 W]E 9 ! MID/ ( A DEEP CRISIS4 ,9 SOME CASES ?IS WAS DUE TO !IR 9ABILITY TO GRASP ! *ALL5GES ( ! TIMES &1 9 O!RS1 TO DIVISIONS 9TRODUC$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! >MY WAS ! ONLY SOLID & /RUCTUR$ 9/ITUTION1 & ITS 9FLU5CE 9CREAS$ ?ANKS TO ! B\RGEOISIE'S BACK+ & ! ,*UR*'S SUPPORT4 ,! LATT]'S L9KS TO IT HAD GR[N DRAMATICALLY S9CE ! DEA? ( ,C>D9AL ,SOLDEVILA4 

,PRIME ,M9I/] ,G>CIA ,PRIETO WAS A M$IOCRE1 FA9!>T$ POLITICIAN :O HAD BE5 UNABLE TO SLEEP S9CE HE RECEIV$ ! EXPLOSIVE DOSSI] AB\T ,MOROCCO4 ,?AT DOCUM5T--! RESULT ( 9VE/IGATIONS MADE BY ,G5]AL ,PICASSO--DEMON/RAT$ ?AT V>I\S LEAD+ FIGURES1 EV5 ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I HIMSELF1 BORE RESPONSIBILITY = ! MASSACRE ( ,ANNUAL4 ,A SC&AL WAS APPROA*+ & IT ABSOLUTELY T]RIFI$ ,G>CIA ,PRIETO1 :O KNEW ?AT HE C\LDN'T KEEP ! REPORT FROM ! ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES4 ,HE DESP]ATELY HOP$ ?AT SOME?+ W\LD OCCUR ?AT W\LD =CE HIM TO RESIGN4 ,?IS POLITICIAN WAS SO S]VILE ?AT HE W\LD RA!R FALL (F ! FACE ( ! E>? BE=E CONFRONT+ ! ,K+4 

,=TUNATELY = ,G>CIA ,PRIETO1 HIS WI%ES CO9CID$ ) ?OSE ( ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I1 :O HAD DREAMS ( 9/ALL+ A ,MUSSOL9I 9 ,SPA91 AS ,VICTOR ,MANUEL HAD DONE 9 ,ITALY4 ,AFT] CONSID]+ V>I\S G5]ALS :O SEEM$ LIKE BRI<T />S1 HE F\ND ?AT ! BRI<TE/ WAS ,G5]AL ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A1 P]HAPS BECAUSE HE %>$ ! ,K+'S CONTEMPT = ! RABBLE 7I4E41 ! PEOPLE74 ,9DE$1 ONE ( ! MA9 REASONS ?AT ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I FACILITAT$ ?IS C\P1 9 ADDITION TO HIS DISDA9 = ! CON/ITUTION1 WAS HIS DESIRE TO SIL5CE ?OSE DEM&+ ACC\NTABILITY = ! DISA/R\S W> 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,BUT HE NE$$ A PRETEXT TO JU/IFY HIS MANEUV] & :AT C\LD BE BETT] ?AN SQUA%+ ! 0WORK] B&ITRY0 7I4E41 AN>*O-SYNDICALISM78 ,EV5 ! ,CATALAN B\RGEOISIE W\LD APPLAUD SU* AN IDEA1 DESPITE !IR LONG/&+ HO/ILITY TO ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T 9 ,MADRID4 

,AN 9TRA-GOV]NM5TAL DISPUTE BETWE5 ! 0,AFRICANI/S0 & ?OSE WANT+ TO 5D ! ,MOROCCAN CAMPAIGN MADE IT MU* EASI] = ! ,K+ TO PURSUE HIS AIMS4 ,ONE ( ?OSE CALL+ = A RETREAT FROM ,MOROCCO WAS ,NAVY ,M9I/] ,LUIS ,SILVELA4 ,HE HAD ORD]$ ,G5]AL ,CA/RO ,G]ONA TO NEGOTIATE AN 5D TO ! >M$ CONFLICT ) ,ABD EL-,KRIM 7?R\< ,DRIS ,B5 ,SAID1 ! LATT]'S REPRES5TATIVE 9 ,MELILLA74 ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA1 ,M9I/] ( ,W> & SPOKESP]SON = ! ,C\NT ( ,ROMANONES1 WAS ! MA9 PROPON5T = CONT9U+ ! W> & VETO$ ,SILVELA'S EF=TS4 ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA'S VETO ALSO REQUIR$ ?AT ,SILVELA RESIGN1 :I* HE DID4 ,HIS REPLACEM5T MADE ,G5]AL ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO MILIT>Y COMM&] 9 ,MELILLA &1 A FEW DAYS AFT] HE ASSUM$ HIS PO/1 ,DRIS ,B5 ,SAID WAS RIDDL$ ) BULLETS4 ,CLE>LY ?IS CONFLICT W\LD NOT BE RESOLV$ PEACEFULLY4 

,! NATIONAL POLITICAL SC5E & ,C,N,T'S 9T]NAL CONFLICTS W]E ! MA9 TOPICS ( DISCUSSION AT ! ,SOLID>IOS MEET+ HELD :5 ,DURRUTI >RIV$ 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,CAPTA9 ,ALEJ&RO ,SAN*O1 :O ADVIS$ ! GR\P ON MILIT>Y MATT]S1 ATT5D$ ! GA!R+4 ,HE REPORT$ ON DEVELOPM5TS )9 ! ,>M$ ,=CES1 :]E !RE WAS OP5 TALK ( AN IMM95T MILIT>Y C\P & :]E ,G5]AL ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S NAME WAS BE+ PUT =W>D AS A FUTURE DICTATOR4 ,HE SAID ?AT ! MILIT>Y LEAD]S W\LD DO LITTLE TO OPPOSE ! C\P & ?AT IT WAS UNCLE> H[ ! SOLDI]S W\LD RESPOND4 ,AS = ! ,ANTI-MILIT>I/ ,COMMITTEES1 !Y W]E TOO NEW TO UND]TAKE ANY SPECTACUL> ACTIONS & PROSELYTIZ+ WORK HAD BECOME NE>LY IMPOSSIBLE 9 ! B>RACKS AFT] ! REC5T 9CREASE 9 SURVEILLANCE FOLL[+ ! DISCOV]Y ( SUBV]SIVE PROPAG&A 9 !M4 ,! ONLY HOPEFUL POSSIBILITY ?AT ,CAPTA9 ,SAN*O C\LD ID5TIFY WAS ! *ANCE ?AT ! SOLDI]S MI<T FRAT]NIZE ) ! WORK]S IF AN UPRIS+ OCCURR$4 ,?AT1 AT LEA/1 HAD HAPP5$ ON O!R OCCASIONS4 

,M5 )\T ! C\RAGE ( ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS W\LD HAVE GIV5 UP 9 ! FACE ( SU* DREADFUL CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT ?AT WAS SIMPLY NOT 9 !IR *>ACT]4 ,9/EAD ( RESIGN+ !MSELVES & RETREAT+1 !Y DECID$ TO RESPOND TO ! ANTICIPAT$ C\P BY ORGANIZ+ A REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE4 ,= ! /RIKE TO SUCCE$1 !Y FIR/ HAD TO GET ! WRECK$ WORK]S' UNIONS OP]AT+ AGA91 :I* ! CON/ANT WAVES ( REPRESSION HAD CRU%$4 ,& TO C>RY \T ! 9SURRECTION1 !Y NE$$ >MS4 ,MONEY1 ONCE AGA91 BECAME A C5TRAL PROBLEM4 ,!Y DECID$ TO ROB A /ATE BANK TO RESOLVE ! ISSUE &1 = REASONS ( EASE1 SELECT$ ! ,GIJON BRAN* ( ! ,BANK ( ,SPA94 ,DURRUTI & ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 TOOK *>GE ( ! OP]ATION & SET (F = ! ,A/URIAN CITY AT ONCE4 

,ON !IR WAY1 !Y /OPP$ (F 9 ,Z>AGOZA TO GET AN UPDATE ON ,ASCASO & HIS PRISON COMRADES1 .<#a#b#b.> BUT /AY$ ONLY BRIEFLY1 S9CE ,DURRUTI & ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 W]E WELL-KN[N !RE & *>GES RELAT+ TO ! ,SOLDEVILA MATT] /ILL HUNG OV] ,TORRES ,ESC>T94 ,A LOCAL COMRADE UPDAT$ !M AB\T NEW DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! CASE & ALSO !IR PLANS TO FI<T BACK4 ,IF EV]Y?+ W5T AS ANTICIPAT$1 ! ,Z>AGOZA B\RGEOISIE & ,*UR* W\LD NOT HAVE ! PLEASURE ( G>ROT+ ,ASCASO4 .<#a#b#c.> ,9DE$1 !Y W]E ORGANIZ+ A JAILBREAK ?AT W\LD FREE ! MO/ COMMITT$ PRISON]S 9 ,PR$ICADORES4 ,9 ADDITION TO ,ASCASO & O!RS1 ,9OC5CIO ,P9A WAS !RE AS WELL1 :O HAD BE5 >RE/$ ON ,JUNE #ac AFT] A %OOT\T4 ,POLICE ALSO CAPTUR$ ! Y\NG COMRADES ,LUIS ,MUNOZ & ,ANTONIO ,MUR ON ! SAME DAY ?AT !Y SEIZ$ ,9OC5CIO4 ,!IR CASE WAS P>TICUL>LY S]I\S1 S9CE !Y HAD KILL$ ONE ( ! >RE/+ (FIC]S1 ,LOPEZ ,SOLORZANO1 :O WAS ! RI<T >M ( ,9SPECTOR ,SANTIAGO ,M>TI ,BAGU5AS1 LEAD] ( ! ,SOCIAL ,BRIGADE4 .<#a#b#d.> 

,DURRUTI & ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 CONT9U$ ON TO ,BILBAO ?AT DAY4 ,AN 5G9E] 9 CONTACT ) AN AN>*I/ GR\P !RE PL$G$ TO GET !M ! >MS ?AT !Y NE$$ IF !Y PROVID$ HIM ) ! MONEY TO MAKE ! PUR*ASE4 ,HE C\LD GET SEV]AL ?\S& RIFLES IF !Y C\LD PRODUCE ! DAMN$ CA%4 ,\R ,SOLID>IOS FELT V]Y C>EFREE :5 !Y >RIV$ 9 ,GIJON1 S9CE !Y W]E UNKN[N TO ! LOCAL POLICE4 ,!Y PATI5TLY PLANN$ !IR ROBB]Y ( ! ,GIJON BANK4 

,:ILE !Y DID SO1 ,G5]AL ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A & HIS REGAL ACCOMPLICE *>T$ !IR ASSAULT ON P[]4 ,!Y W]E ALSO C>EFREE1 S9CE ! MAJOR POLITICAL =CES SEEM$ UNCONC]N$ ) !IR MANEUV]S4 ,IT WAS ONLY ! AN>*I/S & ! ,C,N,T :O GAVE !IR UNDIVID$ ATT5TION TO !IR DICTATORIAL PLANS1 & ) GOOD REASON3 !Y KNEW ?AT ! PR9CIPAL JU/IFICATION = ! MILIT>Y C\P WAS TO DE/ROY AN>*ISM & REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM4 ,B>CELONA AN>*I/ GR\PS COMMISSION$ ,G>CIA ,OLIV] TO MEET ) ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE 9 ORD] TO COORD9ATE !IR =CES = ! G5]AL REVOLUTION>Y /RIKE1 AL?\< ! RESULTS ( ! MEET+ W]E DISC\RAG+4 ,! SUCCESSIVE GOV]NM5T CRACKD[NS HAD COMPROMIS$ ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATION3 !Y HAD BL$ ! ,C,N,T ( ITS CADRE & MANY UNIONS MA9TA9$ ONLY A TOK5 EXI/5CE4 ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA TOLD ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ! FOLL[+3 0,! REVOLUTION DEM&S ORGANIZATION4 ,! 5]GIES LIB]AT$ 9 A REVOLUTION >E ?OSE EXPRESS+ ! PH5OM5ON ( CREATIVE SPONTANEITY4 ,= A REVOLUTION TO SUCCE$1 A M9IMUM ( #i P]C5T ( ORGANIZATION IS REQUIR$ & WE F9D \RSELVES UND] ! SUM ( FIFTY4 ,\R DEFICI5CIES >E ! RESULT ( EMPLOY] T]RORISM1 9 ADDITION TO \R [N 9T]NAL CONFLICTS & ! DISA/R\S IMPACT ?AT ,BOL%EVISM HAS HAD ON \R RANKS1 :I* HAS DISORI5T$ ! WORK+ CLASS 9 PLACES LIKE ,SABADELL4 ,TODAY ! ONLY WAY TO CONFRONT ! C\P IS AN ALLIANCE ( ALL ! =CES OPPOS$ TO ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,BUT :AT >E ?OSE =CES8 

,! ,U,G,T DOESN'T %[ ANY 9T]E/ 9 RESI/+ ! C\P4 ,IT IS ! ,C,N,T ?AT WILL /& ALONE BE=E ! APPROA*+ DICTATOR%IP4 ,BUT ! DICTATOR%IP IS AN ATTACK ON ! C\NTRY'S AU!NTIC =CES1 :I* >E ORGANIZ$ UND] ! ACRONYM ,C,N,T4 ,\R RESPONSE WILL HONOR \R REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION1 AS WE HAVE ALWAYS DONE40 .<#a#b#e.> ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA HADN'T SAID ANY?+ ?AT ,G>CIA ,OLIV] DIDN'T ALREADY KN[1 BUT IT WAS IMPORTANT ?AT SU* ?+S BE EXPLICIT 9 ?AT 5C\NT] BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! MILITANT AN>*I/S DUR+ ?OSE GRAVE MOM5TS4 ,! AN>*I/ GR\PS R$\BL$ !IR EF=TS DUR+ ! MON? ( ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#c4 

,DURRUTI & ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 S5T AN URG5T MESSAGE TO ! ,SOLID>IOS 9 ,B>CELONA1 SAY+ ?AT EV]Y?+ WAS READY & !Y HAD TO COME QUICKLY TO PREV5T EV]Y?+ FROM GO+ TO WA/E4 ,ONE ?\S& RIFLES W]E WAIT+ 9 ,EIB> ?AT SOMEONE NAM$ ,ZULUETA HAD ORD]$ ON !IR BEHALF FROM ! ,G>ATE Y ,ANITUA MANUFACTUR]4 

,WE WILL LET ANO!R AU?OR DESCRIBE ! DRAMATIC ROBB]Y C>RI$ \T 9 ,GIJON ON ,SEPTEMB] #a4 ,HIS ACC\NT APPE>$ ON ! FRONT PAGE ( ,EL ,IMP>CIAL UND] ! FOLL[+ HEADL9E3 0,BRAZ5 ROBB]Y ( ! ,GIJON BRAN* ( ! ,BANK ( ,SPA94 ,?IEVES S]I\SLY W\ND ! BANK MANAG] & TAKE MORE ?AN A HALF MILLION PESETAS40  
  

,GIJON1 ,SEPTEMB] #a--,AT #i3 9 ! MORN+1 %ORTLY AFT] ?IS BRAN* ( ! ,BANK ( ,SPA9 OP5$1 ! MO/ AUDACI\S ROBB]Y ( ALL ! MO/ AUDACI\S 9 ,SPA9 OCCURR$ 9 ! FIR/ L5D+ E/ABLI%M5T ( ?IS CITY4 ,! EV5T TOOK PLACE 9 ! FOLL[+ WAY3 

,SIX Y\?S BR&I%+ PI/OLS 5T]$ ?R\< ! MA9 DOOR1 DRESS$ 9 WORK]S' CLO!S & WE>+ B]ETS & CAPS4 ,!IR ]UPTION 9TO ! MA9 ROOM CAUS$ TREM5D\S PANIC AMONG ! EMPLOYES & CU/OM]S4 ,ONE ( ! ROBB]S /OOD AT ! DOOR1 ) ! 5TRANCE TO HIS BACK1 :ILE HOLD+ A PI/OL 9 EA* H&4 ,! O!RS QUICKLY W5T TO ! VAULT4 ,) A HO>SE & IMP]I\S VOICE1 ! ONE AT ! DOOR %\T$3 #e ,T[>D ! ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A ,DICTATOR%IP0,H&S UP6 ,EV]YONE BE QUIET60 ,) FANTA/IC SPE$ ! ?IEVES 5T]$ ! VAULT1 :]E !Y %OT TWO OR ?REE TIMES & SEIZ$ ALL ! MONEY ! COLLECTORS HAD 9 ! DRAW]S & ON ! C\NT]4 ,:5 HE HE>D ! GUNFIRE1 BRAN* MANAG] ,LUIS ,AZC>ATE ,ALV>EZ1 FIFTY-N9E YE>S OLD1 EM]G$ FROM HIS (FICE ON ! UPP] FLOOR4 ,HE %\T$ FROM ! TOP ( ! /AIRS3 0,:AT'S HAPP5+80 ,! GUNMAN APP>5TLY LEAD+ ! GANG RESPOND$3 0,DON'T MOVE6 ,WE'LL KILL Y\60 ,MR4 ,AZC>ATE IGNOR$ ! ?REAT & CONT9U$ D[N ! /AIRS4 ,! ?IEVES %OT AT HIM SEV]AL TIMES4 ,ONE ( ! BULLETS S]I\SLY 9JUR$ HIM 9 ! NECK4 ,MR4 ,AZC>ATE FELL FACE D[N ONTO ! FLOOR1 SPILL+ \T AN 5ORM\S AM\NT ( BLOOD4 

,! B&ITS PUT ! MONEY 9 !IR POCKETS & W5T T[>D ! DOOR1 PO9T+ !IR PI/OLS AT ! EMPLOYES & CU/OM]S4 ,ONCE 9 ! /REET1 !Y GOT 9TO AN AUTOMOBILE ?AT HAD BE5 WAIT+ ) ITS MOTOR RUNN+ & GOT AWAY4 

,BUT FIR/ !Y %OT SEV]AL TIMES AT A MUNICIPAL POLICEMAN :O TRI$ TO /OP !M4 ,HE ATTEMPT$ TO FIRE BACK1 BUT HIS WEAPON MALFUNCTION$4 ,! B&ITS %OT AT PASS]SBY TO =CE !IR WAY ?R\<1 & ALSO AT ! MANY RESID5TS :O HAD COME \T ONTO ! BALCONIES ( NE>BY H\SES AFT] HE>+ ! %\T+ & GUNFIRE4 

,POLICEMAN ,FELIX ,ALONSO1 :O HAD TRI$ TO CONFRONT ! CRIM9ALS1 WAS ABLE TO SEE ! C>'S LIC5SE PLATE :5 IT SL[$ D[N :ILE CROSS+ ANO!R VEHICLE'S PA?4 ,IT WAS REGI/]$ 9 ,OVI$O1 ) PLATE NUMB] #d#c#d4 ,! C>'S SKILL$ DRIV] GOT >\ND ! O!R C> &1 MAK+ CLEAN & C]TA9 MANEUV]S1 RAC$ D[N ,BEGONA ,/REET1 CROSS+ ,COVADONGA & !N TAK+ ! ROAD FROM ,OVI$O4 

,BY PURE *ANCE1 ! ?IEVES HAD NOT /OL5 SEV]AL MILLION PESETAS HELD 9 ! BIG RES]VE VAULT4 ,IT HAD BE5 OP5 JU/ MOM5TS BE=E !Y 5T]$4 ,APP>5TLY !IR GOAL WAS TO ROB MONEY DE/9$ = ! ,DURO-,FELGU]A ,SOCIETY PAYROLL4 

,! BANK ROBB]S /OLE #e#g#c1 PESETAS1 ACCORD+ TO AN E/IMATE CALCULAT$ IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS4 

,! ,CIVIL ,GU>D TOOK (F 9 PURSUIT ( ! \TLAWS ON ! ROAD FROM ,OVI$O4 ,A C\PLE1 ACCOMPANI$ BY A POLICE AG5T1 F\ND ! DRIV] ?REE KILOMET]S FROM ,GIJON4 ,!Y >RE/$ HIM & BR\<T HIM TO ,GIJON1 :]E HE GAVE ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T3 

,SIX 9DIVIDUALS TURN$ UP 9 ,OVI$O ON ,?URSDAY & HIR$ HIM TO MAKE AN EXCURSION TO ,GIJON ON ,FRIDAY1 BUT YE/]DAY CAME TO TELL HIM ?AT ! TRIP WAS HAD BE5 PO/PON$ UNTIL TODAY4 

,! SIX 9DIVIDUALS :O HAD CONTRACT$ HIS S]VICE APPE>$ ?IS MORN+ & ORD]$ HIM TO SET (F ON ! ROAD TO ,GIJON4 ,:5 !Y REA*$ ,P9TSUELES ,M\NTA91 TWO M5 APPE>$ ON ! ROAD & ! PASS5G]S ORD]$ ! DRIV] TO /OP4 ,:5 HE DID SO1 ! DRIV] F\ND HIMSELF ) TWO PI/OLS PO9T+ AT HIS *E/4 ,! TWO M5 ON ! ROAD COMM&$ HIM TO GET \T & FOLL[ !M4 

,! DRIV] OBEY$ & SAW ONE ( ! C>'S SIX OCCUPANTS GET BEH9D ! /E]+ :EEL & />T ! MOTOR4 ,IT WAS CLE> ?AT HE KNEW ! C>'S MAKE P]FECTLY4 

,! DRIV] & ! TWO BANK ROBB]S /OPP$ 9 AN ELEVAT$ >EA1 FROM :I* HE C\LD CLE>LY WAT* ! C> DRIVE T[>D ,GIJON4 ,:5 HE LO/ SI<T ( IT1 ! TWO GUNM5 TOLD HIM NOT TO BE AFRAID1 NOT TO FOLL[ !M1 & ?AT NO?+ W\LD HAPP5 IF HE DIDN'T RESI/4 ,HE W\LD GET ! C> BACK LAT]1 :I* WILL PICK HIM UP RI<T !RE4 

,!Y L$ HIM DEEP] 9TO ! WOODS AT ,P9TSUELES ,M\NTA91 SOME TWO HUNDR$ MET]S FROM ! ROAD4 ,HE DID NOT HAVE TO WAIT = LONG3 %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 ! GUNM5 SCANN+ ! M\NTA9S MADE \T ! AUTOMOBILE4 ,!Y ALL W5T BACK TO ! ROAD1 ONLY TO SEE ! C> PASS BY )\T /OPP+4 

,ONE ( ?OSE WAT*+ ! DRIV] TOLD HIM3 

0,EVID5TLY !Y =GOT ?AT WE'RE WAIT+ H]E4 ,Y\ %\LD JU/ FOLL[ ! ROAD =W>D4 ,Y\'LL F9D ! C> SOON 5\<40 ,! T]RIFI$ DRIV] FL$1 BUT ! ?IEVES1 :O ALSO DISAPPE>$1 HADN'T DECEIV$ HIM4 ,HE CAME ACROSS ! AB&ON$ C> SOME FIFTE5 KILOMET]S FROM ,GIJON1 9 ! >EA KN[N AS ,ALTO DE ,PRUBIA4 

,SEV]AL WOM5 9 ! VIC9ITY TOLD HIM ?AT SIX 9DIVIDUALS GOT \T ( ! C> FIFTE5 M9UTES E>LI]4 ,!Y ASK$ = DIRECTIONS TO ! ,LLAN]A TRA9 /ATION & !N SLIPP$ (F 9 ! DIRECTION 9DICAT$ TO !M4 ,! ,CIVIL ,GU>D HAS CORDON$ (F ! :OLE PROV9CE & IS CONDUCT+ RAIDS 9 ! M\NTA9S NE> ! ROAD4 

,A C\PLE DETA9$ AN 9DIVIDUAL NAM$ ,JOSE ,PUEYO :O WAS HEAD+ T[>D ,FELGU]A1 HIS HOMET[N4 ,HE PULL$ \T A PI/OL :5 HE SAW ! GU>DS4 ,!Y TOOK HIM TO ,GIJON4  
  

,WE WILL COMM5T ON ! ACC\NT ( ! EV5T PR9T$ 9 ,EL ,IMP>CIAL BEL[1 BUT WE FIR/ WANT TO RECORD ! (FICIAL /ORY ?AT ,DUKE ,ALMODOV> DEL ,VALLE1 ,M9I/] ( ! 9T]IOR1 GAVE TO J\RNALI/S4 ,HIS DESCRIPTION IS MORE ACCURATE ?AN ! ,EL ,IMP>CIAL V]SION3 HE M5TIONS F\R BANK ROBB]S1 :I* IS CORRECT1 S9CE ! DRIV] /AY$ AT ! :EEL ( ! C> & ANO!R WAIT$ AT ! BANK'S DOOR4 ,HE & ! J\RNALI/ FROM ,EL ,IMP>CIAL ALSO DIFF] ON ! AM\NT ( MONEY TAK54 ,! M9I/] SAID ?AT 0IT IS CALCULAT$ ?AT ! QUANTITY /OL5 EXCE$S #g1 PESETAS10 AL?\< ! REAL FIGURE WAS #f#e1 PESETAS4 ,TYPICALLY1 DUR+ EV5T ( ?IS NATURE1 ! ROBB]Y VICTIMS ALSO TRY TO TAKE A CUT3 WE CAN ASSUME ?AT ! DISCREPANCY REFLECTS ?AT FACT4 ,) RESPECT TO ! BANK MANAG]1 ! PRESS SAID ?AT HE HAD TO GIVE HIS /ATEM5T TO POLICE 9 A FIR/ AID PO/ BECAUSE HIS 9JURY WAS SO S]I\S4 ,?IS IS ALSO UNTRUE 7HIS W\ND WAS LITTLE MORE ?AN A SCRAT*74 ,IT IS WOR? DESCRIB+ ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* ,MR4 ,AZC>ATE1 ! ONLY SEMI-VICTIM ( ! EV5T1 WAS HURT4 ,A P>TICIPANT 9 ! ACTION SAID ! FOLL[+3  
  

,DURRUTI WAS ! ONE ) ! HO>SE VOICE3 IT WAS HE :O KEPT ! BANK CU/OM]S AT A DI/ANCE4 ,! MANAG] CAME D[N ! /AIRS1 HA/ILY & SUICIDALLY1 & W5T T[>DS ,DURRUTI & TRI$ TO DIS>M HIM4 ,DURRUTI /RUGGL$ A LITTLE ) ?IS CRAZY MAN :O--APP>5TLY ?9K+ ?AT ,DURRUTI WAS WEAK & SC>$--SLAPP$ HIM4 ,IT WAS AT ?AT MOM5T ?AT ,DURRUTI ?REW ! 9DIVIDUAL (F HIM &1 :ILE DO+ SO1 FIR$ HIS GUN4 ,! BULLET M]ELY SCRAP$ ! MAN'S NECK4 ,DURRUTI DIDN'T 9T5D TO 9JURE OR KILL ANYONE4 ,! %OTS LET (F 9SIDE ! BANK & DUR+ ! EXIT W]E 9 ! AIR & SIMPLY TO SC>E PEOPLE AWAY4 ,DURRUTI COMM5T$ ON ! SITUATION ONCE HE WAS 9 ! C>3 0,?AT LUNATIC WANT$ TO DIE & TRI$ TO BITE MY F+]0 HE SAID1 %[+ HIS BLOODY LITTLE F+]4 0,:AT A MESS ,I HAD TO MAKE1 LIKE A T]RIBLE PI/OL]O1 TRY+ TO CONV9CE ?AT MANIAC ?AT HE %\LD /AY /ILL4 ,&1 AS IF TO PROVE HIS 9SANITY1 HE SLAPP$ ME :ILE ,I HAD A PI/OL 9 EA* H&60.<#a#b#f.>  
  

,:5 ! GR\P AB&ON$ ! VEHICLE1 !IR PLAN WAS TO GO TO ,LLAN]A & TAKE ! TRA94 ,9/EAD ( ?IS--CONSID]+ ?AT POLICE W\LD BE WAT*+ ! ROADS & TRA9 /ATIONS CLOSELY--!Y DECID$ ?AT TWO ( !M W\LD HEAD TO ,BILBAO ?R\< ! M\NTA9 & PUR*ASE ! >MS4 ,!SE TWO W]E ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS 7! DRIV]7 & ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ4 ,DURRUTI1 ,SUB]VIELA1 ,TORRES ,ESC>T91 & ,EUSEBIO ,BRAU /AY$ TOGE!R & HID \T 9 A SECLUD$ CAB9 9 ! M\NTA9SIDE4 ,SEV]AL DAYS LAT] ,F]N&EZ & ,VIVANCOS HAD AN 5C\NT] ) ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 :O W]E SE>*+ ! >EA 9T5SIVELY1 BUT MANAG$ TO SLIP ?R\< ! SECURITY CORDON ) ! MONEY4 ,NOT LONG AFT]W>DS1 ON ! MORN+ ( ,SEPTEMB] #c1 ,DURRUTI WAS %AV+ :ILE ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 & ,EUSEBIO ,BRAU ATE LUN*4 ,GREGORIO ,SUB]VIELA WAS ON LOOK \T DUTY4 ,!Y HE>D VOICES 9 ! DI/ANCE & SUDD5LY A GR\P ( ,CIVIL ,GU>DS APPE>$4 ,GREGORIO BEGAN %OOT+4 ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 & ,EUSEBIO ,BRAU TOOK (F TOGE!R1 :ILE ,DURRUTI & ,GREGORIO EA* W5T !IR [N WAY4 

,!RE WAS 9T5SE GUNFIRE BETWE5 ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS & ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 & ,BRAU1 :O HAD BE5 TRAPP$ & HAD TO RESI/4 ,! BATTLE LA/$ = SEV]AL H\RS & !IR AMMUNITION BEGAN TO RUN \T4 ,EUSEBIO ,BRAU TRI$ TO SEIZE A NE>BY GU>D'S ,MAUS] :ILE ,ESC>T9 COV]$ HIM1 BUT HE WAS NOT FA/ 5\< & DI$ 9/ANTLY AFT] BE+ %OT4 ,A ,GU>D !N KNOCK$ ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 UNCONSCI\S ) A VICI\S RIFFLE BUTT BL[ TO ! BACK4 ,! ,GU>DS TOOK ! DEAD & 9JUR$ TO !IR B>RACKS & LAT] DRAGG$ ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 (F TO ! ,OVI$O PRISON1 :O WAS NE>LY DE/ROY$ AFT] 5DUR+ SEV]AL H\RS ( TORTURE4 .<#a#b#g.> 

,EL ,IMP>CIAL HAD PUBLI%$ A FAIRLY DISPASSIONATE ACC\NT ( ! ROBB]Y1 BUT ! PRESS *ANG$ ITS TONE ) ! >RE/ ( ,TORRES ,ESC>T94 ,HE WAS M>K$ AS ONE ( ,C>D9AL ,SOLDEVILA'S MURD]]S1 & ! ASSOCIATION ( ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 & ,ASCASO NATURALLY BR\<T ,DURRUTI'S NAME 9TO ! FRAY1 AL?\< = ! MOM5T IT WAS ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 :O MATT]$ MO/ TO ! REPORT]S4 ,! JUDGE OV]SEE+ ! PROCE$+S AGA9/ ,ASCASO HURRI$ TO REQUE/ ,TORRES ,ESC>T9'S TRANSF] TO COMPETE ! TRIAL PREP>ATIONS4 ,:5 NEWS ( HIS P5D+ TRANSF] REA*$ ! ,OVI$O PRISON1 ,TORRES ,ESC>T9'S PRISON COMRADES BEGAN TO ORGANIZE A PRISON BREAK4 ,HE TOLD !M ?AT ! PLAN WAS PREMATURE1 GIV5 HIS PREC>I\S PHYSICAL /ATE1 BUT HE ULTIMATELY DECID$ TO GIVE IT A TRY AFT] CONSID]+ HIS DISMAL PROSPECTS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 HE TWI/$ HIS ANKLE :ILE JUMP+ FROM ! PRISON WALL TO ! /REET & WAS NE>LY IMMOBILIZ$ AS A RESULT4 ,HIS COMRADES TRI$ TO C>RY HIM1 BUT ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 TOLD !M NOT TO BE S5TIM5TAL & TO RUN4 ,HOLD+ HIMSELF UPRI<T BY LEAN+ ON ! WALLS1 HE MANAG$ TO EVADE ! SECURITY =CES = A TIME BUT />T$ TO GR[ 9CREAS+LY WEAK & F9ALLY FA9T$ 9 FRONT ( A *UR*4 ,A P>I% PRIE/ LEAV+ ! 0H\SE ( ,GOD0 F\ND HIM %ORTLY AFT]W>DS &1 ?9K+ ! MAN SUSPICI\S1 CALL$ ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 :O CONF9$ HIM TO ! PRISON ONCE AGA94 

,! ,LEON PRESS OCCUPI$ ITSELF ) ,DURRUTI4 ,IT PUBLI%$ HIS PHOTOGRAPH &1 BEL[ IT1 A LI/ ( HIS MANY 0CRIMES40 ,!Y US$ EV]Y TYPE ( FANTASY & REF9EM5T TO DESCRIBE ,BU5AV5TURA'S ESCAPE FROM HIS P]SECUTORS4 ,ONE J\RNALI/ EV5 WROTE ?AT ,DURRUTI HAD FL$ BY DISGUIS+ HIMSELF AS A PRIE/1 :OSE ROBES HE OBTA9$ BY /RIPP+ A CL]GYMAN AT GUNPO9T 9 ! MIDDLE ( A *UR*4 .<#a#b#h.> 

,9 ! ,SANTA ,ANA NEI<BORHOOD1 ,DURRUTI'S MO!R ,ANA/ASIA BECAME ,LEON'S MO/ FAM\S WOMAN4 ,TO ANYONE :O ASK$ H] AB\T H] SON 0! ?IEF10 %E REPLI$3 0,I DON'T KN[ IF MY SON HAS MILLIONS4 ,ALL ,I KN[ IS ?AT EV]Y TIME HE COMES TO ,LEON1 ,I HAVE TO DRESS HIM FROM HEAD TO TOE & PAY = ! RETURN TRIP40 .<#a#b#i.> 

,:ILE PEOPLE DISCUSS$ !SE ROBB]IES & KILL+S 9 SALONS ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 NO ONE SEEM$ TO NOTICE :AT WAS BE+ PLANN$ FROM ABOVE4 ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS DESPAIR$ & W]E CONV9C$ ?AT TIME WAS WORK+ AGA9/ !M4 ,! WEAPONS B\<T 9 ,EIB> W]E /ILL !RE & LIKELY TO REMA9 !RE = A :ILE4 ,9 FACT1 ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I WAS SO SURPRIS$ AT ! EASE ( HIS GAME ?AT HE EV5 CONSID]$ MAK+ HIMSELF A ,MUSSOL9I1 AL?\< ,ANTONIO ,MAURA1 ?AT OLD & %REWD POLITICIAN1 DISSUAD$ HIM4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #g1 ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A & ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I HELD A MEET+ & SET ,SEPTEMB] #ae AS ! DATE = !IR C\P1 AL?\< !Y LAT] MOV$ IT =W>D TO ,SEPTEMB] #a#c4 ,?IS WAS DUE TO PRESSURES FROM ,G5]AL ,SANJURJO & ALSO BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T HAD DECID$ TO PRES5T ! CONCLUSIONS ( ,PICASSO'S 9VE/IGATION ( ! ,MOROCCAN MILIT>Y DISA/]S TO ! P>LIAM5T ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#i4 

,G5]AL ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A CALL$ ! PRESS TO HIS (FICE AT #b3 9 ! AFT]NOON ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#c4 ,HE GAVE !M HIS 0,MANIFE/O TO ! ,C\NTRY40  
  

,?IS MOVEM5T IS ( M53 ANYONE )\T A COMPLETELY DI/+UI%$ MASCUL9ITY %\LD /& ASIDE4444 ,9 VIRTUE ( ! TRU/ & M&ATE ?AT !Y HAVE DEPOSIT$ 9 ME1 A PROVISIONAL MILIT>Y ,JUNTA WILL BE =M$ 9 ,MADRID & 5TRU/$ ) MA9TA9+ PUBLIC ORD]4 ,WE DO NOT WANT TO BE M9I/]S NOR DO WE HAVE ANY GOAL O!R ?AN TO S]VE ,SPA94 ,! C\NTRY DOESN'T WANT MORE TALK ( ACC\NTABILITY1 BUT TO KN[ IT1 TO DEM& IT1 PROMPTLY & JU/LY4 ,WE SANCTION ! POLITICAL P>TIES BY REMOV+ !M COMPLETELY4  
  

,HIS MANIFE/O CONTA9$ 5DLESS DECL>ATIONS AB\T 5D+ T]RORISM1 COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A1 SEP>ATI/ AGITATION1 9FLATION1 SOLV+ ! ,MOROCCAN PROBLEM1 PUTT+ ! C\NTRY'S F9ANCIAL *AOS 9 ORD]1 ETC4 

,A J\RNALI/ ASK$ IF ! C\P WAS 9SPIR$ BY ,ITALY'S 0,M>* ON ,ROME40  
  

,WE DON'T NE$ TO IMITATE ! FASCI/S OR ! GREAT FIGURE ( ,MUSSOL9I1 AL?\< !IR ACTS HAVE BE5 A USEFUL EXAMPLE = EV]YONE4 ,9 ,SPA9 WE HAVE ! ,SOMAT5 & HAVE HAD ,PRIM1.<#a#c.> AN ADMIRABLE SOLDI] & GREAT POLITICAL FIGURE4.<#a#c#a.>  
  

,:5 ! WORK+ CLASS F\ND \T AB\T ! C\P1 IT ABSORB$ ITS DEFEAT PASSIVELY1 DO+ LITTLE MORE ?AN M\NT SPORADIC & SYMBOLIC DEMON/RATIONS4 ,IT WAS SIMPLY TOO DISORGANIZ$ & BATT]$ TO REALLY RESI/4 ,= !IR P>T1 ! POLITICAL P>TIES DID NO?+1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! MANIFE/O ANN\NC$ !IR ELIM9ATION4 ,! GOV]NM5T CROSS$ ITS >MS :ILE IT WAIT$ = ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I TO RETURN FROM ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN1 :]E HE HAD BE5 SP5D+ HIS SUMM] VACATION4 ,MEAN:ILE1 TROOPS OCCUPI$ PUBLIC BUILD+S & EV5 ! ,CONGRESS ( ,DEPUTIES1 :]E ,PICASSO'S FAM\S DOSSI] VANI%$ 9TO ?9 AIR4 ,! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE RELEAS$ ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#d3 0,AT PRES5T1 :5 G5]ALIZ$ C[>DICE IS MANIFE/ & CIVIL AU?ORITIES H& P[] OV] TO ! MILIT>Y )\T A FI<T1 IT IS 9CUMB5T UPON ! WORK+ CLASS TO MAKE ITS PRES5CE FELT & NOT LET ITSELF BE KICK$ BY M5 :O BREAK EV]Y LAW & PLAN TO ELIM9ATE ALL ! WORK]S' VICTORIES A*IEV$ ?R\< LONG & CO/LY /RUGGLES40 ,!Y CONCLUD$ BY CALL+ = A G5]AL /RIKE1 BUT DID SO )\T OPTIMISM3 9DE$1 :AT %\LD HAVE BE5 A POPUL> REBELLION WAS R$UC$ TO ISOLAT$ & SPONTANE\S ACTIONS ?AT DID NOT 9SPIRE ! POPUL\S1 DESPITE !IR H]OISM4 

,! ,U,G,T & ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ALSO RELEAS$ A /ATEM5T ?AT DAY1 :I* URG$ !IR MEMB]S 0NOT TO CONSID] AN UPRIS+40 ,!Y PUBLI%$ ANO!R DOCUM5T ON ,SEPTEMB] #ae ?AT IMPLICITLY RECOGNIZ$ ! DICTATOR%IP & CAUTION$ 0AGA9/ FUTILE REBELLIONS ?AT C\LD PROVOKE A CRACKD[N10 ADD+ ?AT 0ALL GR\PS ?AT MI<T TAKE 9DEP5D5T ACTIONS >E DE-AU?ORIZ$40 .<#a#c#b.> ,! ROYAL TRA9 5T]$ ,MADRID'S ,E/ACION DEL ,NORTE /ATION >\ND MIDDAY4 ,! 5TIRE GOV]NM5T WAS ON ! PLAT=M4 ,G>CIA ,PRIETO URG$ ! ,K+ TO DIS*>GE ! S$ITI\S G5]AL2 ! ,K+1 9 REPLY1 DIS*>G$ ,G>CIA ,PRIETO & HIS GOV]NM5T4 ,:5 ! ,K+ REA*$ ! ,PALACE1 HE S5T A TELEGRAM TO ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A SAY+ ?AT HE WAS H&+ P[] OV] TO HIM4 

,) ! DICTATOR%IP 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ BY ! ,K+1 ! CON/ITUTION ?AT ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I HAD SWORN TO DEF5D WAS N[ ABOLI%$2 CAPRICI\SNESS BEGAN TO RE9 & NO ONE KNEW H[ LONG ?IS NEW P]IOD W\LD LA/4 ,IT WAS CLE> WAS ?AT ! POLITICAL P>TIES W\LD PASSIVELY ACCOMMODATE !MSELVES TO ! NEW SITUATION1 9CLUD+ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 :I* WAS NOT GO+ TO FEEL GREAT PANGS ( SOCIALI/ CONSCI5CE :5 IT DID SO4 ,BUT ! SITUATION WAS DIRE = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! ,C,N,T & ! AN>*I/S1 ! G5U9E REPRES5TATIVES ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 C\LD NOT MAKE A DEAL ) ! GOV]NM5T--LIKE ! ,U,G,T WAS GO+ TO DO--)\T R5\NC+ !IR PR9CIPLES4 ,! ,C,N,T W\LD HAVE TO GO UND]GR\ND4 ,:AT DID IT MEAN = ! ,C,N,T TO BE UND]GR\ND8 ,HADN'T ! ,C,N,T BE5 =C$ UND]GR\ND CON/ANTLY S9CE ITS BIR?8 ,:AT DID ! ,C,N,T PURSUE8 ,! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS ?R\< REVOLUTION>Y EXPROPRIATION & SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 ALL SPH]ES ( LIFE4 ,C\LD !Y A*IEVE ?AT LEGALLY8 ,NO1 & 0! S]MON ?AT WORK]S CAN OBTA9 !IR EMANCIPATION )9 ! LAW IS A DECEPTION1 BECAUSE ! LAW ORD]S US NOT TO TE> ! WEAL? FROM ! RI*'S H&S1 :I* !Y HAVE ROBB$ FROM US4 ,EXPROPRIAT+ ! WEAL? = ! B5EFIT ( ALL IS A PRECONDITION ( HUMAN FRE$OM40 .<#a#c#c.> ,IT WAS ?IS P]SPECTIVE ?AT W\LD FRAME ! ,C,N,T'S !ORY & PRACTICE3 IT WAS ILLEGALI/ ?R\< & ?R\<4 ,! ,SOLID>IOS 9T5SIFI$ !IR SECURITY PRECAUTIONS = ! GR\P'S MEMB]S & GU>D$ OV] COLLECTIVE BELONG+S 7LIKE >MS7 AS IF ! REVOLUTION DEP5D$ ON IT4 

,ONE ( !IR %ORT-T]M ACTIONS W\LD BE HELP+ ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO & ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 ESCAPE4 ,= ! LONG T]M1 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO W]E 5TRU/$ ) ORGANIZ+ A REVOLUTION>Y C5T] 9 ,FRANCE4 ,FROM ABROAD1 ?IS C5T] W\LD SUPPORT ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ?AT W\LD BE SET UP 9 ,B>CELONA TO CONT9UE ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 ! /ATE1 & RELIGION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #i -- ,UPDAT$4 

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