,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #e 
,CONFRONT+ ,GOV]NM5T ,T]ROR 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V4 ,CONFRONT+ GOV]NM5T T]ROR 

  

,M>CEL9O & ,GREGORIO W]E WELL KN[N 9 ,Z>AGOZA1 BUT ?IS WAS ,BU5AV5TURA'S FIR/ TIME 9 ! CITY4 ,!Y >RIV$ 9 ! E>LY MORN+ & DECID$ TO GO TO ! ,C5TRO DE ,E/UDIOS ,SOCIALES ON ,AUGU/9 ,/REET1 9/EAD ( TO ,9OC5CIO ,P9A'S H\SE 7ONE ( ! LOCAL ,JU/ICI]OS74 ,DURRUTI F\ND HIMSELF 9 A DIFF]5T WORLD :5 HE CROSS$ ! BUILD+'S ?RE%OLD4 ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN'S WORK]S' C5T] WAS QUITE SMALL & ,GIJON'S ,C5TRO DE ,E/UDIOS ,SOCIALES 7L$ BY ,ELEUT]IO ,QU9TANILLA7 WAS UNKN[N TO HIM4 .<#e#e.> ,N[1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 ,BU5AV5TURA WAS 9 A WORK]S' C5T] ?AT WAS L>GE 5\< TO G5U9ELY MEET ! MOVEM5T'S NE$S4 ,ALL ! ACTIVITIES1 EV5 ! 9TELLECTUAL ONES1 TOOK PLACE !RE4 ,V>I\S SIGNS HUNG ON ! ROOMS3 ,FOOD WORK]S1 ,METALWORK]S1 ,ELECTRICITY1 ,LI<T & ,GAS1 ,WAIT]S1 ETC4 ,!RE WAS A WELL-/OCK$ LIBR>Y &1 NE>BY1 ! (FICE ( ,EL ,COMUNI/A1 ! 0,PUBLICATION ( ! ,C5TRO DE ,E/UDIOS ,SOCIALES1 ,VOICE ( ! ,WORK] ,UNIONS ( ! ,REGION & ,DEF5D] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,PROLET>IAT40 ,NEXT TO ,EL ,COMUNI/A WAS ! (FICE ( ,CULTURA Y ,ACCION1 ! MAGAZ9E ( ! ,C,N,T UNIONS 9 ! REGION4 

,:5 ! Y\NG M5 >RIV$1 ONLY ?REE PEOPLE W]E !RE3 ,SANTOL>IA1 ! ,C5TRO'S PRESID5T2 ,Z5ON ,CANUDO1 ! $ITOR ( ,EL ,COMUNI/A2 & ! C>ETAK]4 .<#e#f.> ,AFT] !IR 9ITIAL SURPRISE AT ! UNEXPECT$ VISIT1 ,GREGORIO 7:O HAD MET ! FIR/ TWO BE=E7 9TRODUC$ ,M>CEL9O & ,BU5AV5TURA1 :OM HE DESCRIB$ AS AN ,A/URIAN COMRADE4 ,CANUDO & ,SANTOL>IA FILL$ ! NEW >RIVALS 9 ON ! /ATE ( ?+S 9 ,Z>AGOZA4 .<#e#g.> ,!Y SPOKE ) P>TICUL> CONC]N AB\T ! Y\NG ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO1 UNKN[N TO ,DURRUTI AT ! TIME1 :O HAD BE5 LOCK$ UP 9 ! ,PR$ICADORES PRISON S9CE ,DECEMB] #aib ON *>GES ( KILL+ ,ADOLFO ,GUTI]REZ1 ! $ITOR 9 *IEF ( ! ,H]ALDO DE ,>AGON4 ,ASCASO WAS LOOK+ AT A PROBABLE A DEA? S5T5CE4 .<#e#h.> ,JOSE ,*UECA1 FROM ,EL ,COMUNI/A1 !N 5T]$ & ANXI\SLY %>$ SOME REM>KABLE NEWS3 AU?ORITIES HAD DISCOV]$ A PLOT TO ASSASS9ATE ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I 9 ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN & EV]YONE SAID ?REE Y\NG AN>*I/S W]E RESPONSIBLE4 ,HE !N CIT$ ! NAMES ( ! ?REE VISITORS1 :I* MADE EV]YONE LAU<4 ,?IS IRRITAT$ ,*UECA3 HE HAD NEV] MET !M BE=E & W\LDN'T HAVE IMAG9$ ?AT !Y W\LD BE /&+ RI<T !RE4 ,BE=E ,SANTOL>IA LEFT1 HE TOLD ! ?REE FRI5DS ?AT 0IT W\LD BE BETT] IF Y\ /AY$ AWAY FROM ! ,C5TRO1 :I* C\LD BE OR P]HAPS ALREADY IS UND] SURVEILLANCE40 

,BU5AV5TURA & HIS TWO FRI5DS F\ND ,9OC5CIO ,P9A AT NI<TFALL & MET ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 9 ,P9A'S H\SE ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ! CITY4 .<#e#i.> ,!Y RECEIV$ A DETAIL$ REPORT ON SEV]AL COMRADES' DESP]ATE CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,9 ADDITION TO ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO1 !Y F\ND \T ?AT ,MANUEL ,SAN*O1 ,CLEM5TE ,MANGADO1 & ,ALBADETRECU W]E ALSO 9 PRISON4 ,!Y W]E *>G$ ) TRY+ TO KILL ,HIL>IO ,B]NAL1 :O RAN ! ,QUIMICA1 ,S4,A4 BUS9ESS & WAS ESS5TIALLY ! LEAD] ( ! ,Z>AGOZA B\RGEOISIE4 .<#f.> ,!SE F\R M5 LAT] BECAME MEMB]S ( ,LOS ,JU/ICI]OS1 AFT] IT FUZ$ ) ! ,VOLUNTAD GR\P4  
  

0,TO SAVE \RSELVES FROM DEA? S5T5CES & MORE PRISON S5T5CES10 ,P9A TOLD !M1 0WE HAVE TO CONFRONT ! B\RGEOISIE & ! AU?ORITIES1 & MOBILIZE PUBLIC S5TIM5T1 P>TICUL>LY ?AT ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,AT ! MOM5T !RE >E ONLY TWO ( US .<,P9A & ,ESC>T9.> READY TO DO ?IS & TWO PEOPLE >E H>DLY 5\< = SU* AN UND]TAK+4 ,Y\'LL HAVE TO DECIDE1 GIV5 ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 IF Y\'D RA!R CONT9UE ! TRIP OR REMA9 9 ,Z>AGOZA40 

,9 REALITY1 ,BU5AV5TURA & HIS FRI5DS HAD ALREADY MADE UP !IR M9DS3 ONE DIDN'T AB&ON COMRADES 9 A TIME ( NE$4 ,FROM ?AT MOM5T ON1 ! 0Y\NG ,A/URIAN0 7AS ,DURRUTI WAS KN[N AT ! TIME7 & HIS FRI5DS W]E 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! ADVANCE GU>D ( ,Z>AGOZA'S REVOLUTION>IES4.<#f#a.>  
  

,AT ! TIME1 ! B\RGEOISIE WAS RETALIAT+ = ! CONCESSIONS IT HAD BE5 =C$ TO MAKE AFT] ! PREVI\S YE>'S ,LI<T & ,GAS /RIKE1 AS WELL ! ,WAIT]S & ,/REETC> WORK]S' /RIKE4 .<#f#b.> ,IT FIR$ WORK]S = PUNITIVE REASONS ALONE & (T5 SET ! POLICE ON !M1 NATURALLY ) ! FULL SUPPORT ( ! ,C\NT ( ,COELLO1 ! PROV9CIAL GOV]NOR1 & ,C>D9AL ,SOLDEVILA4 ,IT WAS DIFFICULT = ! ?REE \TLAWS TO F9D WORK BUT ,BU5AV5TURA1 ?ANKS TO HIS SKILL 9 HIS TRADE1 WAS ABLE TO GET A JOB 9 ! ,ESCORIAZA ME*ANIC WORK%OP4 ,P9A HAD TO HELP ! O!R TWO1 TAK+ !M 9TO HIS MODE/ FRUIT & VEGETABLE BUS9ESS4 

,DESPITE EV]Y?+1 ?IS WAS A P]IOD ( RELATIVE SOCIAL PEACE 9 ,Z>AGOZA4 ,NOT)/&+ ! H>ASSM5T SUFF]$ ?R\<\T #a#i#b1 ! WORK+ CLASS HAD REBUILT ITS RANKS1 & !Y W]E 9 GOOD HEAL?4 ,! UNIONS FUNCTION$ NORMALLY & HAD EV5 GR[N4 ,! WORK]S' PRESS1 AL?\< R$UC$ BY C5SORS1 WAS AVAILABLE ON ! /REET4 ,LIFE1 O!R ?AN ! TORM5TS CAUS$ BY ! 9CREAS+ UNEMPLOYM5T1 SEEM$ CALM4 

,Z>AGOZA'S APP>5T TRANQUILITY /OOD 9 %>P CONTRA/ TO ! OP5 /RUGGLE UNFOLD+ 9 ,B>CELONA1 :]E ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO1 ,B>CELONA'S CIVIL GOV]NOR1 IMPOS$ HIS [N =M ( T]ROR4 ,HE CONDUCT$ A VA/ OP]ATION ( SY/EMATIC ASSASS9ATIONS1 =C$ UNIONS UND]GR\ND1 & ?REW ACTIVI/S 9 JAIL 79CLUD+ ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA1 :O HAD REC5TLY RETURN$ FROM ! ,U,S,S,R74 ,! Y\?1 ORGANIZ$ 9 AN>*I/ GR\PS & LEAD+ ! UND]GR\ND UNIONS & ,C,N,T GR\PS1 CONFRONT$ ! POLICE4 ,BUT ! CONSI/5T LOSS ( MILITANTS TO ! =CES ( REPRESSION MEANT ?AT 9EXP]I5C$ OR LESS RELIABLE ACTIVI/S SOMETIMES HAD TO BE PREMATURELY PROMOT$ )9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,9DE$1 POLICE >RE/$ ! 5TIRE ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE 9 ,M>* #aiba & ! NEW COMMITTEE =M$ TO REPLACE IT WAS MADE UP 5TIRELY ( UN/EADY OR LA/ M9UTE ,C,N,TI/AS1 LIKE ,&REU ,N91 :O HAD ONLY JO9$ ! ,C,N,T TWO YE>S E>LI]4 

,:5 AU?ORITIES >RE/$ ,C,N,T ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ,EUG5IO ,BOAL1 HE HAD ! REPORT ?AT ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA HAD S5T FROM PRISON 9 HIS POSSESSION4 ,9 ! DOCUM5T1 ,PE/ANA DESCRIB$ HIS ACTIVITIES AT & IMPRESSIONS ( ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ?AT HAD BE5 HELD 9 ,MOSC[ 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#b4 ,HE ALSO >GU$ ?AT 0! ,C,N,T1 = V>I\S REASONS BUT ESPECIALLY BECAUSE ( ! IMPOSITION ( ! SO-CALL$ TW5TY-ONE CONDITIONS1 %\LD 444 REEXAM9E ITS DECISION TO JO9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* IT MADE 9 ! 5?USIASM ( #a#i#a#i40 ,BOAL DID NOT HAVE TIME TO DELIV] ?IS REPORT TO ! UNIONS & ! NEW ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE L$ BY ,N9 RECEIV$ HIS TEXT4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE DELAY$ ITS TRANSMISSION ON ! BASIS ( A /RICTLY LIT]AL 9T]PRETATION ( ! ,C,N,T'S /ATUTES3 !Y CLAIM$ ?AT IT WAS NOT ! UNIONS' PR]OGATIVE TO REEVALUATE ! #aiai ,CONGRESS'S DECISION TO JO9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL &1 AS LONG AS ANO!R CONGRESS HAS NOT TAK5 PLACE1 ! #aiai DECISION REMA9$ VALID4 ,?IS NEW ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 ) ITS PRO-,BOL%EVIK P]SPECTIVE1 OB/RUCT$ ! ,C,N,T'S PROGRESS4 .<#f#c.> 

,AT ! TIME1 MILITANTS 9 ,Z>AGOZA W]E FOCUS$ ON ! NE$ TO SET UP A ,P59SULA-WIDE AN>*I/ F$]ATION &1 T[>D ?AT 5D1 ! ,VIA ,LIBRE1 ,EL ,COMUNI/A1 ,LOS ,JU/ICI]OS1 ,VOLUNTAD1 & ,IMPULSO GR\PS SPONSOR$ A CONF]5CE4 ,!Y DECID$ AT ! EV5T TO S5D A GR\P TO ! S\!RN1 C5TRAL1 & EA/]N P>TS ( ! C\NTRY TO MEET ) COMRADES & 5LI/ !M 9 ! PROJECT4 ,!Y DELEGAT$ RESPONSIBILITY = ?IS ORGANIZ+ TRIP TO ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI & ,JULIANA ,LOPEZ1 :O LEFT ,Z>AGOZA = ,&ALUSIA 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#a4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ TIME ?AT ,BU5AV5TURA ASSUM$ A RESPONSIBILITY ( ! TYPE4 ,HE CONV9C$ ! COMRADES 9 ,&ALUSIA TO F$]ATE !IR DIV]SE GR\PS ON A TRIAL BASIS & ALL[ A COMMITTEE TO COORD9ATE !IR ACTIONS 9 ! REGION4 .<#f#d.> 

,DURRUTI !N W5T TO ,MADRID1 :]E HE W\LD RECEIVE AN IMPORTANT SURPRISE4 ,ON ,M>* #h1 A DAY BE=E HIS >RIVAL1 UNKN[N ASSAILANTS FIR$ FROM A SIDEC> AT ! AUTOMOBILE C>RY+ ,$U>DO ,DATO 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! ,PASEO DE LA ,9DEP5D5CIA4 ,DATO DI$ 9/ANTLY4 ,! POLICE PUT ! CAPITAL UND] SIEGE1 CORDON+ (F :OLE NEI<BORHOODS 9 !IR ATTEMPT TO CAT* ! P]PETRATORS4 .<#f#e.> ,IT WAS TOO RISKY TO MEET ) ,MADRID'S AN>*I/S UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 SO ,BU5AV5TURA & ,JULIANA LEFT ! CITY IMM$IATELY4 

,:5 !Y GOT TO ,B>CELONA1 A RUMOR WAS CIRCULAT+ ?AT ,DATO'S ASSASS9ATION HAD %AK5 ! ,MADRID GOV]NM5T DEEPLY & ?AT IT HAD ORD]$ ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO TO /OP P]SECUT+ ! WORK]S4 .<#f#f.> ,BU5AV5TURA MET ) ,DOM+O ,ASCASO = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! SMALL RE/AURANT :]E HE NORMALLY ATE LUN*4 ,!Y SPOKE AB\T ,DATO'S MURD] & ITS CONSEQU5CES1 AS WELL AS ,ANIDO'S T]ROR4 ,DOM+O & ,DURRUTI CONCLUD$ ?AT ,ANIDO WAS NOT LIKELY TO BE RE/RA9$ BY ! GOV]NM5T'S DEM&S4 ,! TWO M5 CONT9U$ TALK+ 9 A HOME 9 ! ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO WORK]S' DI/RICT4 ,DURRUTI LE>N$ ?AT ! UNIONS HAD BE5 %UT D[N & ?AT MANY WELL-KN[N ACTIVI/S AS WELL AS DOZ5S ( MORE OBSCURE MILITANTS HAD BE5 ?R[N 9 JAIL 7,SEGUI1 ,PE/ANA1 ,BOAL1 & ,PEIRO W]E AMONG ! DETA9$74 ,! PI/OL]OS W]E OP]AT+ LIKE A P>ALLEL POLICE =CE & C>RI$ A GRE5 MEMB]%IP C>D TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES4 ,!Y /OOD AT FACTORY 5TRANCES TO 9TIMIDATE UNION LEAD]S OR SIMPLY %OT !M D[N IF ! MANAGEM5T ASK$ !M TO DO SO4 ,!RE W]E ALSO B&S ( 9=M]S4 ,SOME HAD BE5 ,C,N,T MEMB]S :O DECID$ TO BETRAY !IR COMRADES AFT] ! POLICE ?REAT5$ !M ) DEA?4 0,AGA9/ !SE EXT]NAL & 9T]NAL DANG]S1 WE AN>*I/S HAVE CLOS$ RANKS10 SAID ,DOM+O ,ASCASO4 0,WE'VE DI/ANC$ \RSELVES FROM ?OSE :O >E SUSPICI\S & DEVOT$ \RSELVES TO DRAMATIC ACTIONS1 LIKE ! MURD] ( ,DATO1 :O BORE REAL RESPONSIBILITY = :AT ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO IS DO+4 ,WE'VE GOT O!R SPECTACUL> ACTIONS 9 ! WORKS40 .<#f#g.> ,BUT1 ,ASCASO TOLD ,DURRUTI1 HIS ORGANIZATIONAL IDEA WAS IMPOSSIBLE = ! TIME BE+1 S9CE !Y C\LD NOT )DRAW FROM ! PROJECTS ?AT W]E ABSORB+ !M4 0,PLEASE TELL ALL ?IS TO ! COMRADES 9 ,Z>AGOZA10 HE SAID1 0& ALSO ?AT SOME WELL-KN[N ,B>CELONA PI/OL]OS HIDE \T !RE & SURELY 9T5D TO EXT5D !IR ACTIVITIES TO ?AT CITY40 .<#f#h.> ,BU5AV5TURA MADE AN ASSESSM5T ( HIS TRIP :5 HE RETURN$ TO ,Z>AGOZA4 ,AL?\< 9 SOME CASES SUSPICIONS COMPLICAT$ MATT]S1 MO/ ( ! COMRADES W]E READY TO =M LA/+ ACCORDS ) ONE ANO!R & ?IS W\LD BE ! FIR/ /EP T[>D CREAT+ A P59SUL> AN>*I/ F$]ATION4 ,9DE$1 ,Z>AGOZA MILITANTS GOT TO WORK IMM$IATELY3 ! ,VIA ,LIBRE GR\P BEGAN PLANN+ A NATIONAL CONF]5CE &1 UNTIL IT C\LD TAKE PLACE1 DECID$ ?AT ITS PUBLICATION W\LD S]VE AS A =UM = DISCUSS+ ! PROBLEM ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,AT ,BU5AV5TURA'S BEHE/1 SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ,LOS ,JU/ICI]OS W5T TO ,BILBAO TO GET PI/OLS4 

,BU5AV5TURA & ,GREGORIO1 :O KNEW ! ,BASQUE MILITANTS WELL1 ASK$ ,ZAB>A9 TO HELP !M PUR*ASE >MS4 ,HE WAS PESSIMI/IC AT FIR/1 SAY+3 0,S9CE ,REGU]AL'S >RIVAL 9 ,BILBAO1 ! ,C,N,T HAS BE5 UND]GR\ND CONSI/5TLY4 ,! UNIONS' TILLS >E ABSOLUTELY EXHAU/$4 ,! MONEY HAS BE5 US$ TO HELP ! FAMILIES ( >RE/EES OR SP5T ON TRIALS4 ,IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO CONSID] ?IS TYPE ( ASSI/ANCE40 .<#f#i.> ,!Y TRI$ TO GET SOME FUNDS & WEAPONS FROM LOCAL COMRADES1 BUT ONLY MANAG$ TO ACQUIRE A LITTLE BIT ( CA% & SOME SMALL >MS2 ! LATT] ?ANKS TO C]TA9 SELFLESS ,BILBAO MILITANTS :O H&$ OV] !IR PI/OLS AT 0A TIME :5 A GUN WAS ! BE/ MEMB]%IP C>D40 ,GREGORIO1 EXCIT$1 DECL>$ ?AT 0= BIG PROBLEMS1 !RE >E BIG REM$IES0 & SUGGE/$ ?AT !Y ROB SOME BANKS4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! /ATE WAS TAK+ :AT LITTLE ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS HAD4 ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 & ,BU5AV5TURA EXPRESS$ CONC]N AB\T !IR 9EXP]I5CE4 ,!Y HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 >M$ CONFLICTS ) ! POLICE & PI/OL]OS1 & C>RI$ \T DYNAMITE ATTACKS1 BUT HAD NEV] HELD UP A BANK4 ,NONE!LESS1 !Y ACCEPT$ HIS PROPOSAL & ,GREGORIO & ,BU5AV5TURA BEGAN TO PLAN A ROBB]Y ( A ,BANCO DE ,BILBAO4 ,BUT ,BU5AV5TURA CONV9C$ HIS FRI5D ?AT ! HOLDUP WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 GIV5 ! MEAG] RES\RCES AT !IR DISPOSAL4 ,ZAB>A9 SUGGE/$ ANO!R T>GET1 :I* SEEM$ MU* MORE FEASIBLE4 ,!Y W\LD CLEAN \T ! PAYMA/] ( ONE ( ,EIB>'S METALLURGIC BUS9ESSES1 :O TRANSPORT$ A L>GE SUM ( MONEY FROM ! ,BANCO DE ,BILBAO & ONLY 9 ! COMPANY ( A DRIV]4 ,!Y W\LD DO ! JOB 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! ,BILBAO-,EIB> ROAD4 

,?US1 ON ! DESIGNAT$ DAY1 !Y FEIGN$ A C> ACCID5T1 GAGG$ ! DRIV] & PAYMA/]1 PUT !M 9 ! BACK ( !IR [N C>1 & TOOK (F ) ! MONEY4 

,! LOCAL PRESS REPORT$ ON ! D>+ !FT ( #c1 PESETAS ! NEXT DAY4 ,POLICE SAID ?AT !Y SUSPECT$ ?AT ! HEI/ WAS ! WORK ( A B& ( ,CATALAN BANK ROBB]S4 ,LOS ,JU/ICI]OS HID 9 A H\SE 9 ! 0LAS SIETE CALLES0 NEI<BORHOOD1 :ILE ,ZAB>A9 />T$ MAK+ EF=TS TO ACQUIRE ONE HUNDR$ ,/> PI/OLS 7KN[N AS ! 0SYNDICALI/ PI/OL0 AT ! TIME74 ,!Y DIVID$ ! MONEY NOT US$ = ! GUNS 9TO TWO P>TS2 !Y S5T ONE HALF TO ,BILBAO & ,JULIANA TOOK ! O!R HALF TO ,Z>AGOZA4 ,! ?REE FRI5DS LEFT = ,LOGRONO SEV]AL DAYS LAT]4 .<#g.> 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #e -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/