,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #c 
,FROM ,EXILE TO ,AN>*ISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I,I4 ,FROM ,EXILE TO ,AN>*ISM 

  

,9 E>LY ,SEPTEMB]1 ,BU5AV5TURA & HIS FRI5D 0,EL ,TOTO0 W5T TO ,GIJON1 :I* SUGGE/S ?AT ,DURRUTI HAD =M$ LA/+ BONDS ) ! ,A/URIAN M9]S DUR+ ! EV5TS 9 ,MATALLANA4 

,HE WAS !RE ONLY BRIEFLY4 ,BY ,DECEMB]1 HE WAS 9 ,VALS-LES-,BA9S 7,LES ,>DE*ES1 ,FRANCE71 :]E HE MAIL$ A REASSUR+ PO/C>D TO HIS FAMILY3 0,I'M DO+ QUITE WELL1 ?ANKS TO ! HELP ( A ,SPANI% FAMILY NAM$ ,M>T9EZ40 .<#b#g.> 

,SEV]AL ?+S OCCURR$ DUR+ ,BU5AV5TURA'S %ORT /OPOV] 9 ,GIJON ?AT MAY HELP EXPLA9 HIS LAT] ACTIVITIES 9 ,FRANCE4 ,DURRUTI & HIS FRI5D HAD DIFF]5T CONC]NS4 ,! POLICE W]E AFT] 0,EL ,TOTO0 = ACTS ( SABOTAGE ?AT OCCURR$ DUR+ ! /RIKE1 :]EAS ,BU5AV5TURA HAD HIS [N PREOCCUPATION3 HE HAD DES]T$ FROM ! >MY4 

,%ORTLY BE=E ! /RIKE1 HE HAD BE5 CALL$ UP 9 ! SECOND MILIT>Y DRAFT ( #a#i#a#g4 ,HE WAS SUPPOS$ TO BECOME A SECOND GUNN] 9 ! ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN ,>TILL]Y ,REGIM5T 9 LATE ,AUGU/4 ,COMM5T+ ON ! MATT] 9 A LETT] TO HIS SI/]1 HE SAID3 0,I WAS H>DLY EXCIT$ TO S]VE ! HOMEL&1 & :AT SC>CE 5?USIASM ,I HAD WAS TAK5 FROM ME BY A S]GEANT :O COMM&$ ! CONSCRIPTS LIKE !Y W]E ALREADY 9 ! B>RACKS4 ,:5 ,I LEFT ! 5LI/M5T (FICE1 ,I DECL>$ ?AT ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I W\LD HAVE ONE LESS SOLDI] & ONE MORE REVOLUTION>Y40 .<#b#h.> ,IT IS SAFE TO ASSUME ?AT ! ,A/URIAN M9]S DECID$ TO HIDE HIM & FACILITATE HIS PASSAGE TO ,FRANCE :5 !Y LE>N$ AB\T HIS DES]TION4 

,BU5ACASA WAS ALSO FLEE+ ! GOV]NM5T AT ! TIME & IT MU/ HAVE BE5 >\ND !N ?AT HE MET ,BU5AV5TURA4 0,WE DIDN'T GET ALONG V]Y WELL AT FIR/10 HE SAYS4 0,I WAS /UDI\S1 :]EAS HE WAS MORE REBELLI\S4 ,HE WASN'T FRI5DLY ) ME !N1 NOR WAS ,I ) HIM40 .<#b#i.> ,BU5ACASA DID NOT HE> ( HIM AGA9 UNTIL !Y MET 9 ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN 9 #a#i#b4 ,BUT ?IS TIME ,BU5ACASA WAS IMPRESS$ BY 0,BU5AV5TURA'S PROGRESS ON ! !ORETICAL PLANE0 & M5TIONS ?AT ,DURRUTI POSSESS$ A ,C,N,T MEMB]%IP C>D4 ,:5 HAD HE JO9$ ! ,C,N,T8 ,H[ HAD HE MADE SU* !ORETICAL PROGRESS8 ,! ANSW] TO !SE QUE/IONS CAN BE F\ND 9 HIS FIR/ EXILE 9 ,FRANCE1 :I* LA/$ FROM ,DECEMB] #aiag UNTIL ,M>* #a#i#a#i4 .<#c.> 

,:5 PEOPLE FROM ! ,BASQUE C\NTRY & ,A/URIAS 7LIKE ,DURRUTI7 CROSS$ ! ,PYR5EES TO ESCAPE GOV]NM5T REPRESSION1 !Y F\ND A L>GE & DYNAMIC GR\P ( EXIL$ ,CATALAN AN>*I/S 9 ! ,FR5* ,MIDI1 P>TICUL>LY ,M>SEILLES4 ,!RE WAS AN AN>*I/ ,COMMISSION ( ,RELATIONS 9 ?AT CITY ?AT WAS 9 ACTIVE CONTACT ) MILITANTS 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM ( ! ,CONF$]ATION ,G5]ALE DU ,TRAVAIL ALSO HAD A /RONG 9FLU5CE ON ! PORT WORK]S !RE4 .<#c#a.> 

,RAIS+ MONEY AMONG ! ,SPANI% IMMIGRANTS WAS ONE ( ! GR\P'S PR9CIPLE ACTIVITIES4 ,!Y US$ !SE FUNDS TO PRODUCE PROPAG&A & BUY WEAPONS1 BO? ( :I* W]E SMUGGL$ 9TO ,SPA94 ,ALL ?IS REQUIR$ TRAVEL+ & C>EFUL PLANN+4 ,BU5AV5TURA PROBABLY TOOK HIS FIR/ /EPS AS A ,C,N,T MILITANT MOV+ BETWE5 ,M>SEILLES & ! CONSPIRATORIAL C5T] 9 ,BORDEAUX4 

,WE ALSO KN[ ?AT ,BU5AV5TURA MA9TA9$ CONTACT ) HIS FRI5DS 9 ,LEON & ?AT HE & 0,EL ,TOTO10 :O LIV$ 9 ,A/URIAS UNTIL #a#i#a#i1 DID NOT LOSE T\* DUR+ ?IS EXILE4 .<#c#b.> 

,) RESPECT TO ,BU5AV5TURA'S IDEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION--HIS 0!ORETICAL PROGRESS10 ACCORD+ TO ,BU5ACASA--,HANS ,]I* ,KAM9SKI SAYS ?AT ,DURRUTI 0BURN$ ?R\< ! /AGES1 TAK+ MU* LESS TIME ?AN ,BAKUN9 TO DECL>E HIMSELF AN AN>*I/40 .<#c#c.> ,KAM9SKI WROTE ?IS 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#c#i1 D\BTLESSLY UND] ! IMPACT ( ,DURRUTI'S P[]FUL P]SONALITY4 ,H[EV]1 ! TRU? IS ?AT ,BU5AV5TURA NEV] PASS$ FROM SOCIALISM TO AN>*ISM3 HE HAD ALWAYS BE5 AN AN>*I/1 AT LEA/ IMPLICITLY4 

,S9CE ,PAUL ,LAF>GUE .<#c#d.> >RIV$ 9 ! C\NTRY 9 #a#h#g#b1 ,SPANI% ,M>XISM WAS OPPORTUNI/IC & QUICKLY DESC5D$ 9TO RE=MISM4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY =GOT EV]Y?+ AB\T ! DOCTR9E O!R ?AN ITS FOCUS ON P>TY POLITICS & AL?\< ,S,P LEAD] ,L>GO ,CABALL]O LAT] CALL$ = ! WORK+ CLASS SEIZURE ( P[]1 HE DID SO ) NEI!R FAI? NOR CONVICTION4 ,AS A :OLE1 9 IDEOLOGICAL T]MS1 ,SPANI% ,M>XI/S DIFF]$ LITTLE FROM ! ,G]MAN OR ,FR5* SOCIAL DEMOCRATS ( ! #a#i#cS 7) ! EXCEPTION ( ,&REU ,N9'S GR\P74 .<#c#e.> 

,AN>*ISM1 BY CONTRA/1 F\ND A F]TILE L& 9 ,SPA94 ,ITS REJECTION ( ! /ATE RESONAT$ 9 A C\NTRY ) SU* DEEP-SEAT$1 DEC5TRALI/ T5D5CIES & ) A WORK+ CLASS ?AT FELT 9T5SE DISDA9 = ALL =MS ( P>LIAM5T>Y MANEUV]+4 

,:5 ,BU5AV5TURA FIR/ 5C\NT]$ AN>*ISM1 HE ID5TIFI$ IT ) ! ACTIVE & REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM ?AT HE HAD ALREADY >TICULAT$ 9 ,LEON4 ,?AT IS :Y IT IS BETT] TO SPEAK ( HIS 0!ORETICAL PROGRESS10 AS ,BU5ACASA DOES1 ?AN A PASSAGE ?R\< 0/AGES40 

,DURRUTI WAS 9 ! ,BURGOS ,MILIT>Y ,HOSPITAL 9 ,M>* #a#i#a#i4 ,9 A LETT] TO HIS FAMILY1 HE SAYS3 0,I WAS 9CORPORAT$ 9TO MY ,REGIM5T :5 ,I WAS GETT+ READY TO VISIT Y\4 ,!Y BR\<T ME BE=E A ,C\RT ,M>TIAL1 :I* ASSIGN$ ME TO ,MOROCCO ) P5ALTIES4 ,H[EV]1 ! DOCTOR F\ND A H]NIA 9 ME DUR+ ! M$ICAL REVIEW & ?AT'S :Y ,I'M 9 ! HOSPITAL4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ,I WON'T BE H]E LONG4 ,& ,I DON'T WANT TO GO TO ,MOROCCO )\T SEE+ MY FRI5DS4 ,IT'S V]Y IMPORTANT ?AT !Y VISIT ME40 .<#c#f.> ,?IS LETT] CONCEAL$ HIS REAL 9T5TIONS & HIS DET5TION WAS RELAT$ TO ACTIVITIES ?AT HE HAD C>RI$ \T 9 ,SPA9 9 CLOSE CONTACT ) HIS FRI5DS FROM ,BORDEAUX4 

,9 E>LY ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#i1 HE HAD CROSS$ ! BORD] ON A MISSION TO 9=M ! COMRADES 9 ,GIJON AB\T ! EF=TS 9 ,FRANCE4 ,HE COMPLET$ ! TASK &1 AFT] SEE+ ! ACTIVI/ PROSPECTS 9 ,A/URIAS1 DECID$ TO /AY 9 ,SPA9 = A BIT4 0,EL ,TOTO0 TOLD HIM AB\T ! PROGRESS 9 ,LEON4 ,! Y\NG PEOPLE EXPELL$ BY ! UNION HAD />T$ AN AN>*I/ GR\P & ALSO A ,C,N,T ,S9DICATO DE ,(ICIOS ,V>IOS .<UNION ( V>I\S TRADES.>1 :I* C\LD ALREADY BOA/ ( A SIGNIFICANT NUMB] ( MEMB]S4 ,! ,C,N,T WAS ALSO EXP&+ ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,B>CELONA1 :]E ! MOVEM5T FRI<T5$ ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,ONE ( EV]Y TWO WORK]S WAS AFFILIAT$ ) ! ,CONF$]ATION1 GIV+ ! ORGANIZATION A TOTAL ( #c#g#e1 ADH]5TS AT ! TIME4 ,DURRUTI GOT A JOB AS A ME*ANIC 9 ,LA ,FELGU]A1 A METALWORK]S' C5T] 9 :I* AN>*O-SYNDICALISM WAS V]Y 9FLU5TIAL4 ,HE ACQUIR$ HIS FIR/ ,C,N,T MEMB]%IP C>D !RE4 ,HE WAS ONLY 9 ,LA ,FELGU]A BRIEFLY3 ,DURRUTI SOON W5T TO ! M9+ COALFIELD 9 ! ,LEON PROV9CE1 :5 A BITT] CONFLICT ) ! ,ANGLO-,SPANI% M9+ COMPANY EXPLOD$ 9 ,LA ,ROBLA4 ,DUR+ ?AT P]IOD1 ! ,A/URIAN M9]S' UNION WAS 9VOLV$ 9 NUM]\S /RIKES & WAS ?US UNABLE TO S5D MILITANTS TO ,LA ,ROBLA4 0,EL ,TOTO10 :O HAD BE5 H&L+ ! CONTACTS ) ,LEON1 HAD ALREADY BE5 9 ,VALLADOLID = ?REE MON?S4 ,HE ?\<T ( ,DURRUTI1 :O WAS UNKN[N 9 ! >EA1 :ILE PLANN+ AN ACT ( SABOTAGE 9 ! M9ES4 ,DURRUTI & TWO ACTIVI/S FROM ,LA ,CORUNA TOOK (F = ,LA ,ROBLA4 ,AS EXPECT$1 ! M9E'S MANAGEM5T CAME TO AN AGREEM5T ) ! WORK]S AFT] ! SABOTAGE4 

,BU5AV5TURA1 N[ CLOSE TO ,LEON1 WANT$ TO SEE HIS OLD FRI5DS4 ,!Y PLANN$ A MEET+ 9 ,SANTIAGO DE ,COMPO/ELA1 BUT ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D >RE/$ HIM 5 R\TE4 ,AU?ORITIES S5T ,DURRUTI TO ,LA ,CORUNA1 :]E !Y DISCOV]$ HIS DES]TION FROM ! ,>MY4 ,HE WAS !N BR\<T TO ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN & W5T BE=E A ,C\RT ,M>TIAL4 ,HE CIT$ HIS H]NIA DUR+ ! HE>+ 9 ORD] TO GA9 TIME & PLAN AN ESCAPE4 ,9DE$1 HIS FRI5DS FROM ,LEON HAD BE5 9=M$ AB\T HIS TRAVAILS1 ?ANKS TO A LETT] HE HAD S5T HIS SI/] ,ROSA1 & HE MANAG$ TO ABSCOND ) !IR HELP4 ,HE HID 9 ! M\NTA9S = SEV]AL DAYS & WAS BACK 9 ,FRANCE BY ,JUNE4 

,?IS TIME HE W5T TO ,P>IS & WORK$ AT ! ,R5AULT ,COMPANY4 ,:ILE HE MA9TA9$ LITTLE CORRESPOND5CE DUR+ ?IS SECOND EXILE1 HE DID DESCRIBE HIS CIRCUM/ANCES 9 A PO/C>D 7SURELY AW>E ?AT /RANG]S W\LD READ IT74 ,HE SAYS ?AT HE IS3 0LIV+ ALONE1 ISOLAT$ FROM ! WORLD1 & WORK+ AS A ME*ANIC40 ,BUT PHOTOGRAPHS FROM ! P]IOD (F] A DIFF]5T IMAGE1 %[+ HIM SURR\ND$ BY NUM]\S FRI5DS4 ,WE DO NOT KN[ :AT HE DID DUR+ ?IS 9T]VAL1 AL?\< HE WAS 9 ACTIVE CONTACT ) ,TEJ]9A1 ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,LEON AN>*I/ GR\P4 .<#c#g.> 

,9 A %ORT BIOGRAPHY ( ,DURRUTI1 ,ALEJ&RO ,GILAB]T SAYS ?AT HIS 0COMRADES ASSIDU\SLY KEPT HIM UP-TO-DATE ON ! ,SPANI% SOCIAL & POLITICAL SITUATION0 & ! 0AN>*I/ MOVEM5T'S PROGRESS 9 ! C\NTRY40 ,!Y ALSO 9=M$ HIM AB\T ! DECISION ?AT AN>*I/S MADE AT A NATIONAL CONF]5CE TO ACTIVELY P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO40 .<#c#h.> ,HE ADDS ?AT 0!Y MADE ?IS DECISION1 ABOVE ALL1 BECAUSE ! POLICE W]E SETT+ UP AN ORGANIZATION ( PI/OL]OS 9 ORD] TO KILL MILITANT LABOR ACTIVI/S40 .<#c#i.> ,?ANKS TO HIS FRI5DS1 ,GILAB]T SAYS1 ,DURRUTI ALSO KNEW ! DETAILS ( ! 0GREAT ,C,N,T ,CONGRESS HELD 9 ,MADRID 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#a#i1 AT :I* NE>LY ONE MILLION WORK]S W]E REPRES5T$4 ,!Y ALSO TOLD HIM ( ! ,C,N,T'S DECISION TO JO9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL & S5D ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA AS ITS REPRES5TATIVE TO ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,MOSC[ 7#a#i#b740 .<#d.> 

,ALL !SE EXCIT+ DEVELOPM5TS1 ,GILAB]T CLAIMS1 PROMPT$ ,BU5AV5TURA TO RETURN TO ,SPA9 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#b4 

,NEWS ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE'S VICTORY OV] ,CZ>ISM 9 #aiag HAD A P[]FUL IMPACT 9 ,SPA9 & 9CREAS$ ! COMBATIVITY ( ! G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,AUGU/ ?AT YE>4 ,ITS 9FLU5CE IS ALSO EVID5T 9 ! ,C,N,T'S DECISION TO JO9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,= ! AN>*I/S1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS AN AU!NTIC DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT ?AT HAD FULLY DE/ROY$ ! B\RGEOISIE & ,CZ>ISM4 .<#d#a.> 

,BU5AV5TURA RESPOND$ TO ?AT 9FLU5CE AS WELL & IT IS LIKELY ?AT HIS DECISION TO RETURN TO ,SPA9 REFLECT$ ! P]VASIVE EXCITEM5T 9 PO/W> ,EUROPE4 ,9DE$1 ,RUSSIAN EV5TS CAPTIVAT$ MANY Y\NG PEOPLE LIKE ,DURRUTI1 AL?\< !Y KNEW ?AT ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE TO FOLL[ ITS [N PA? & W\LD NOT REPLICATE ! ,BOL%EVIK EXP]I5CE4 ,9 TIME--AFT] ! AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ! ,RUSSIAN DICTATOR%IP WAS UNMASK$--!Y W\LD REPROA* ! ,BOL%EVIKS = TRY+ TO IMPOSE ! ,BOL%EVIK WAY ON ,SPA9 & = NOT APPRECIAT+ ! ,P59SULA'S UNIQUE SOCIO-HI/ORICAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,NONE!LESS1 ALL !SE IDEAS & EMOTIONS W]E CONFUS$ AT ! TIME4 

,! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,]RICO ,MALATE/A DESCRIB$ ! CONFUSION WELL 9 A LETT] TO HIS FRI5D ,LUIGI ,FABBRI3 0,) ! EXPRESSION DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 \R ,BOL%EVIZ+ FRI5DS 9T5D TO DESCRIBE ! REVOLUTION>Y EV5T 9 :I* ! WORK]S SEIZE ! L& & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & TRY TO CREATE A SOCIETY 9 :I* !RE IS NO PLACE = A CLASS ?AT EXPLOITS & OPPRESSES ! PRODUC]S4 ,9 ?AT CASE1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT W\LD BE A DICTATOR%IP ( ALL & IT W\LD NOT BE A DICTATOR%IP 9 ! SAME S5SE ?AT A GOV]NM5T ( ALL ISN'T A GOV]NM5T 9 ! AU?ORIT>IAN1 HI/ORICAL1 & PRACTICAL MEAN+ ( ! WORD40 ,BUT ! NATURE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP WAS ALSO CLE> TO HIM3 0,9 REALITY1 IT'S ! DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY1 OR RA!R1 ! LEAD]S ( A P>TY4 ,L591 ,TROTSKY1 & !IR COMRADES >E D\BTLESSLY S9C]E REVOLUTION>IES & WON'T BETRAY ! REVOLUTION1 GIV5 !IR UND]/&+ ( IT1 BUT !Y >E TRA9+ GOV]NM5T CADRES ?AT WILL S]VE ?OSE :O LAT] COME TO EXPLOIT & KILL ! REVOLUTION4 ,?IS IS A HI/ORY ?AT REPEATS ITSELF2 ) ! RESPECTIVE DIFF]5CES HAV+ BE5 CONSID]$1 IT'S ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,ROBESPI]RE ?AT BR+S IT TO ! GUILLOT9E & PREP>ES ! WAY = ,NAPOLEON40 ,EV5 SO1 ,MALATE/A--:O WAS ALSO SWEPT UP BY ! EXCITEM5T ( ! ]A--RETREATS FROM HIS CRITIQUE :5 HE /ATES3 0,IT C\LD ALSO BE ?AT MANY ?+S ?AT SEEM BAD TO US >E A PRODUCT ( ! SITUATION & ?AT IT WASN'T POSSIBLE TO OP]ATE DIFF]5TLY1 GIV5 ,RUSSIA'S SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT'S BETT] TO WAIT1 ESPECIALLY :5 :AT WE SAY CANNOT HAVE ANY 9FLU5CE ON EV5TS !RE & W\LD BE POORLY 9T]PRET$ 9 ,ITALY1 MAK+ IT SEEM LIKE WE'RE E*O+ ! REACTION>IES' BIAS$ SL&]S40 ,AL?\< ,MALATE/A DID NOT RELEASE ?IS LETT] UNTIL #a#i#b#b--= ! REASONS HE 9DICAT$--HIS P]SPECTIVE DOES NOT L5D ITSELF TO DI/ORTIONS4 ,! AN>*I/ PO/URE WAS UNAMBIGU\S3 0,WE RESPECT ! ,BOL%EVIKS' COMMITM5T & ADMIRE !IR 5]GY1 BUT WE'VE NEV] AGRE$ ) !M 9 !ORY & NEV] WILL 9 PRACTICE40 .<#d#b.> 

,NO?+ HAPP5+ 9 ,RUSSIA WAS KN[N ) PRECISION 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#b4 ,! ONLY ?+ CLE> ?AT WAS ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE WAS P\R+ A FLOOD ( ASP]SIONS ON ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! PRESS4 ,?AT IS :Y !IR CLASS BRO!RS FROM ALL NATIONS DEF5D$ !M4 ,BUT ( C\RSE ! BE/ WAY TO HELP ! ,RUSSIANS WAS TO MAKE O!R REVOLUTIONS 9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,?AT WAS ON ,DURRUTI'S M9D :5 HE DECID$ TO RETURN TO ,SPA94 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #c -- ,UPDAT$4 

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