,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b 
,LYON1 & 9 ,PRISON AGA9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,X4 ,LYON1 & 9 PRISON AGA9 

  

,EV5 ?\< ,LYON WAS A L>GE CITY1 POLICE CONTROL WAS SO LAX !RE ?AT IT WAS H>DLY EVID5T :5 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO >RIV$ 9 E>LY ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b#g4 ,US+ FALSE ID5TITY PAP]S1 IT W\LDN'T BE H>D = ,DURRUTI & HIS FRI5D TO F9D WORK & LIVE TRANQUILLY :ILE WAIT+ = ! RI<T MOM5T TO RETURN TO ,SPA94 ,!Y W\LD SIMPLY HAVE TO AVOID HOTELS & BE CAUTI\S4 ,!Y F\ND H\S+1 WORK1 A DISCREET DAILY R\T9E1 BUT NOT TRANQUILITY4 ,!SE M5 ( ACTION1 RE/LESS BY TEMP]AM5T1 C\LD NOT SIT ON ! SIDEL9ES & PASSIVELY WAT* ! DAYS GO BY4 ,!Y BEGAN TO 9=M !MSELVES AB\T ! /ATE ( ! EXIL$ AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE & ALSO AB\T ! MOVEM5T'S DEVELOPM5T 9 ,SPA94 ,DUR+ ! FIFTE5 DAYS !Y SP5T 9 ,P>IS AFT] !IR RELEASE FROM PRISON1 !Y F\ND \T AB\T ! UND]GR\ND CONF]5CE HELD 9 ,VAL5CIA ON ,JULY #bd & #b#e4 ,!Y ALSO LE>N$ ?AT P>TICIPANTS AT ! EV5T HAD =G$ ! /ATUTES ( ! ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A,I71 !REBY UNIT+ ALL ! ACTIVITIES ( AN>*I/ GR\PS ?R\<\T ! P59SULA4 ,SPANI% SPEAK+ AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ! CREATION ( ! ,F,A,I4 ,A FIR/ /EP 9 ?AT DIRECTION OCCURR$ :5 A NATIONAL AN>*I/ CONF]5CE HELD 9 ,APRIL #aibe 9 ,B>CELONA 5TRU/$ ACTIVI/S 9 ,FRANCE ) ! DIFFICULT MISSION ( COORD9AT+ AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES 9SIDE ,SPA9 FROM ABROAD4 

,! MILITANTS :O CREAT$ ! ,F,A,I ALSO =M$ ITS ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE--:I* WAS MADE UP BY ,SPANI% & ,PORTUGUESE AN>*I/S--& DECID$ ?AT ! ORGANIZATION'S BASE W\LD BE 9 ,SEVILLA4 ,! ,F,A,I SIMPLY BUILT UPON & REVITALIZ$ ! PATT]NS ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION ?AT HAD EXI/$ 9 ,SPA9 S9CE ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM FIR/ MADE ITS PRES5CE FELT 9 ! C\NTRY3 ! AFF9ITY GR\P WAS ! BASIC UNIT1 :I* L9K$ ) O!R GR\PS = ! PURPOSES ( COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,:AT WAS NEW WAS ! =MATION ( ,REGIONAL ,COMMISSIONS ( ,AN>*I/ ,RELATIONS2 5TITIES ?AT COORD9AT$ ! ACTIVITIES ( ALL ! GR\PS 9 A GEOGRAPHIC >EA4 ,!SE ,REGIONAL ,COMMISSIONS APPO9T$ MEMB]S TO ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE1 :I* 9 TURN SELECT$ ! ,F,A,I'S SECRET>Y4 ,! SECRET>Y'S ROLE WAS TO MA9TA9 CONTACT ) AN>*I/ GR\PS ?R\<\T ! P59SULA & ! WORLD BETWE5 ! ORGANIZATIONAL MEET+S4 

,:Y HAD ! ,IB]IAN AN>*I/S CREAT$ A SPECIFICALLY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION8 ,!RE W]E SEV]AL REASONS = ?IS1 BUT ULTIMATELY IT REFLECT$ ! ORIG9AL S9 ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 :I* WAS A PRODUCT ( ! ,ALLIANCE = ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,! ,ALLIANCE HAD BE5 =M$ 9 ,SPA9 UND] ! 9SPIRATION ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN94 ,ITS PURPOSE WAS TO PROTECT ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL AGA9/ /ATE H>ASSM5T & ALSO 5SURE ?AT IT DID NOT DESC5D 9TO A SPECIES ( CORPORATE SYNDICALISM ?AT SIMPLY F\<T TO IMPROVE ! WORK]S' MAT]IAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT ADVOCAT$ AN UNAMBIGU\SLY REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM & ! /ATE4 ,?IS HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! /ANCE ( ! AN>*I/S )9 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 :O W]E DIRECT HEIRS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,9 ! E>LY P]IOD FROM #ahfi TO #a#h#g#b1 ! ,ALLIANCE = ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S ,SPANI% ,REGIONAL ,F$]ATION W]E 9T]P5ETRAT$ ) ONE ANO!R1 BUT !Y W]E TWO DI/9CT BODIES4 ,AL?\< ,BAKUN9 HAD W>N$ ,SPANI% ,ALLIANCE MEMB]S AB\T ! PROBLEMS ?AT ?IS C\LD CAUSE1 ! PATT]N HAD ALREADY BE5 E/ABLI%$4 ,?US1 ! EXI/5CE ( A SEP>ATE AN>*I/ GR\P UND]M9$ ,BAKUN9'S HOPES ( MAK+ ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,SPA9 FULLY AN>*I/1 EV5 ?\< AN>*I/S W\LD ALWAYS HAVE A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE ON WORK]S' GR\PS4 

,?IS IS H[ ! LABOR MOVEM5T UNFOLD$1 ) ! ,C,N,T 9SPIR$ BY ! AN>*I/S1 :O MA9TA9$ 9DEP5D5T GR\PS & C>RI$ \T SPECIFICALLY AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES ON ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL REALMS4 ,& !Y W\LD HAVE CONT9U$ 9 ?IS WAY1 IF NOT = ! PH5OM5AL DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,C,N,T & ALL ! UNIQUE PROBLEMS ?AT SU* GR[? PRES5T$ TO ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 

,IT WASN'T POSSIBLE TO CL>IFY ! COMPLICAT$ RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! AN>*I/ & WORK]S' MOVEM5TS DUR+ ! P]IOD ( VIOL5T /RIKES & B\RGEOIS PI/OL]ISMO 7FROM #aiai TO #a#i#b#c71 BUT ?IS *ANG$ :5 ! MOVEM5TS 5T]$ A P]IOD ( RELATIVE CALM AFT] ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S DICTATOR%IP 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#c4 ,! ,C,N,T !N HAD TO FACE A NEW PROBLEM3 %\LD IT SUBMIT TO ! NEW GOV]NM5T'S LABOR LEGISLATION 7:I* PRESUM$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD /OP US+ DIRECT ACTION78 ,OR %\LD IT GO UND]GR\ND 7:I* 5TAIL$ ! LOSS ( BROAD CONTACT ) ! WORK]S78 ,9 ADDITION TO ?IS ISSUE1 :I* WAS DIFFICULT 5\< ON ITS [N1 !RE WAS ANO!R ONE ?AT WAS NO LESS SIGNIFICANT3 EXACTLY H[ %\LD !Y FI<T ! DICTATOR%IP8 ,! GOV]NM5T C\LD CRU% ! ,C,N,T & ! AN>*I/S IF !Y /OOD ALO( FROM ! O!R OPPOSITIONAL =CES & ( C\RSE ?AT !Y C\LD NOT OV]?R[ ! DICTATOR%IP ALONE4 

,EV]Y?+ SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T =M AN ALLIANCE ) ! O!R GR\PS FI<T+ ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,?OSE =CES W]E DEMOCRATIC-B\RGEOIS & RE=MI/--EV5 ! ,SOCIALI/S & ! ,U,G,T HAD (FICIALLY ADAPT$ TO ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S REGIME--& COLLABORAT+ ) !M IMPLI$ A COMMON POLITICAL PLAT=M4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT IMPLI$ A POLITICAL COMPROMISE4 ,! ,C,N,T C\LD POT5TIALLY EXTRACT SOME PRACTICAL B5EFITS = ! WORK]S ) SU* A /RATEGY1 BUT IT W\LD ALSO MEAN ! 9TEGRATION ( ! ,C,N,T 9TO ! GOV]NM5T ?AT W\LD EM]GE AFT] ! DICTATOR%IP FELL OR1 MORE LIKELY1 ! ,C,N,T HELP+ TO DE/ROY ! DICTATOR%IP & PUT ! RE=MI/S 9 P[]4 ,EI!R ALT]NATIVE W\LD DISFIGURE ! ,C,N,T & TIE IT DIRECTLY ! /ATE4 ,:AT REALLY LIMIT$ ! ,C,N,T'S ROOM TO MANEUV] WAS ITS COMMITM5T TO LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 ITS OPPOSITION TO GOV]NM5T M$IATION ( LABOR /RUGGLES1 & ITS REJECTION ( ! /ATE4 ,IF ! ,C,N,T AB&ON$ ITS AN>*ISM1 !N IT W\LD BE FREE TO =M ALLIANCES ) POLITICAL P>TIES & C\LD PU% ! GOV]NM5T TO APPROVE LAWS ?AT MI<T (F] MAT]IAL B5EFITS TO ! PROLET>IAT4 ,IT WAS A />K DILEMMA2 SO MU* SO ?AT TWO DIFF]5T ATTEMPTS TO RESPOND TO !SE QUE/IONS EM]G$ AFT] ! MILIT>Y C\P4 ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA & LAT] ,JUAN ,PEIRO 9SPIR$ ONE ( ! RESPONSES 7!IR >GUM5TS DIFF]$1 BUT !IR GOALS W]E ! SAME74 ,!Y ASS]T$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T %\LD DISC>D ITS AN>*ISM1 S9CE ?AT WAS ! OB/ACLE4 ,?AT POSITION TOOK ! NAME 0PR(ESSIONALIZATION ( ! UNIONS0 :I* MEANT1 CONCRETELY1 MAK+ !M NEUTRAL 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,PE/ANA HOP$ TO RESOLVE POLITICAL ISSUES ) ! SOCALL$ 0ASSOCIATIONS ( MILITANTS10 EMBRYOS OR CELLS ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,P>TY4 ,?IS IS W\LD BE HIS RESPONSE TO ! AN>*I/-LABOR MOVEM5T DUALITY4 ,PEIRO'S REPLY WAS LESS CLE>1 BUT HE ESS5TIALLY S\<T ! SAME ?+ AS ,PE/ANA4 ,PEIRO BEGAN FROM AN ANALYSIS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE & TOOK ! ECONOMIC EVOLUTION ( CAPITALISM AS A PREMISE4 ,CAPITALI/S CONC5TRAT$ !MSELVES & E/ABLI%$ ! F\NDATIONS ( :AT WE N[ CALL MULT9ATIONAL CAPITALISM ?R\< !IR MONOPOLI/IC TRU/S & C>TELS4 ,TO FI<T CAPITALISM EFFECTIVELY1 ! ,C,N,T %\LD USE ?IS PROCESS AS A MODEL & ORGANIZE ITSELF 9 ! SAME WAY1 :I* IS TO SAY1 BY F$]ATIONS ( 9DU/RY AT ! LOCAL1 REGIONAL1 & NATIONAL LEVELS4 ,IT W\LD CREATE TWO GOV]N+ BODIES AT ! NATIONAL LEVEL3 ONE W\LD BE ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( 9DU/RIES &1 ! O!R1 A ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY1 ) ITS RESPECTIVE SECTIONS1 9CLUD+ ! IMPORTANT ONE ( /ATI/ICS4 ,9 ADDITION TO ! USUAL BUREAUCRACY1 ?IS /RUCTURE IMPLI$ ,C,N,T'S ACCEPTANCE ( /ATE LEGISLATION4 ,PEIRO DID NOT SPECULATE AB\T ! POLITICAL REPRES5TATION ( ! ,C,N,T1 BECAUSE HE ASSUM$ ?AT IT W\LD HAVE A POLITICAL IMPACT D]IV$ FROM ITS GR[+ /R5G? 9 ! ECONOMIC REALM4 ,?US1 :ILE ,PE/ANA & ,PEIRO DISAGRE$ ON SOME DETAILS1 !Y CO9CID$ 9 !IR ATTEMPT TO ]ASE ! AN>*I/ CONT5T FROM ! ,C,N,T4 

,H[ DID ! AN>*I/S RESPOND8 ,!RE W]E ALSO DIFF]5CES 9 ! AN>*I/ REPLIES1 AL?\< !Y TOO AGRE$ 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS4 ,SOME FAVOR$ 5D+ ! AN>*I/-LABOR MOVEM5T DIVIDE BY MAK+ AN>*ISM DOM9ANT1 US+ ! ,>G5T9A'S ,=,A 7( ! ,FIF? ,CONGRESS7 AS A P>ADIGM4 ,O!RS FOCUS$ ON :AT WAS CALL$ ! 0L9K0 7AS IT WAS UNIV]SALLY KN[N AT ! TIME7 BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! AN>*I/S4 ,!Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! DIVISION ( ACTIVI/ TASKS ?AT IT REFLECT$--BETWE5 UNION ACTIVI/S ON ! ONE H& & PROSELYTIZ]S ON ! O!R--WAS ! BE/ ALT]NATIVE4 ,9 ANY CASE1 BO? T5D5CIES WANT$ TO MA9TA9 ! AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 

,!RE WAS ALSO A ?IRD POSITION1 :I* ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS SUPPORT$ 7AL?\<1 = ! TIME BE+1 IT IS BETT] ?AT WE SPEAK ONLY ( ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO74 ,!Y BEGAN FROM ! HI/ORICAL REALITY ?AT ,SPA9 HAD ONLY EXP]I5C$ A RELATIVE & UNEQUAL 9DU/RIALIZATION & ?AT1 AS A RESULT1 ! PROLET>IAT & PEASANTRY HAD EQUAL IMPORTANCE 9 ITS CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! C\NTRY HAD A POPULATION ( TW5TY-FIVE MILLION1 AN ACTIVE LABOR =CE ( N9E MILLION1 & A TOTAL ( FIVE MILLION PEASANTS4 ,BUT ! ,SPANI% PEASANTRY WAS DIFF]5T FROM ! PEASANTRY 9 O!R ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 :]E AGR>IAN RE=M HAD CREAT$ A PEASANT MIDDLE CLASS4 ,!RE HAD BE5 NO AGR>IAN RE=M 9 ,SPA94 ,LATIFUNDISMO /ILL EXI/$ 9 L>GE P>TS ( ,&ALUSIA & ,CA/ILLA & !RE WAS A M9I-LATIFUNDISMO 9 O!R REGIONS4 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE1 !RE WAS A PROLET>IANIZ$ PEASANTRY ) DEEP CONNECTIONS TO ! SOCIAL /RUGGLES ( ! URBAN PROLET>IAT & ?AT HAD EXPRESS$ ITS ADH]5CE TO LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM OR 09/9CTIVE SOCIALISM10 AS ,DIAZ DEL ,MORAL T]M$ IT 9 HIS /UDY ( ,&ALUSIAN PEASANT UNRE/4 

,IF !RE WAS 5DLESS CONFLICT BETWE5 ! PEASANTRY & ! >I/OCRATICL&[N] CLASS 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 9 ! 9DU/RIAL & M9+ ZONES ! PROLET>IAT HAD TO FI<T AN ANA*RONI/IC B\RGEOISIE--?AT WAS W$D$ TO ! DOM9ANT MON>*ICAL CA/E--OR AGA9/ ! WORLD CAPITALI/S :O HAD ASS]T$ !MSELVES 9 ! C\NTRY'S KEY 9DU/RIES4 ,! CLASS /RUGGLE APPE>$ EV]Y:]E1 9 ITS MO/ BRUTAL & REVOLUTION>Y =M4 ,! PEASANTRY & ! PROLET>IAT W]E EQUALLY DESP]ATE1 9 A C\NTRY :]E ! B\ND>IES BETWE5 ! POOR & RI* W]E CLE> & PRECISE4 

,& ! /ATE8 ,:AT WAS ITS POLITICAL F\NDATION8 ,! HI/ORICAL =MATION ( ! ,SPANI% /ATE R5D]$ IT 9TO AN UN/ABLE 9/ITUTION ?AT C\LD NOT RELY ON ANY TYPE ( NATIONAL CONS5SUS4 ,9 FACT1 SU* A UNIFI$ NATION DID NOT EXI/3 9/EAD1 !RE W]E MULTIPLE REGIONS ?AT PU%$ T[>D F$]ALI/ DEC5TRALISM IF NOT \TRI<T 9DEP5D5CE4 

,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI FELT ?AT IT WAS !IR TASK1 AS AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>IES1 TO EXASP]ATE ! REGIME'S CONTRADICTIONS :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY CULTIVAT+ ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?AT WAS !IR GOAL 9 !IR DAILY EF=TS TO TRIGG] ! REVOLUTION4 ,REG>D+ ! AN>*I/'S ROLE1 !Y BELIEV$ ?AT !IR MISSION WAS TO WORK AMONG ! MASSES & 5C\RAGE !IR REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! ,C,N,T1 9SPIR$ BY ! AN>*I/S1 WAS A PROPITI\S FIELD = SU* AN UND]TAK+1 AS W]E ! ,SOCIALI/ WORK]S' CIRCLES4 ,BUT ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI ALSO KNEW ?AT AN>*I/S C\LD NOT LIMIT !MSELVES TO FI<T+ = ! MAT]IAL BETT]M5T ( ! WORK]S & HAD TO REMA9 P]PETUALLY FOCUS$ ON !IR LONG-T]M REVOLUTION>Y GOALS4 ,SOME ( ! MORE OR?ODOX AN>*I/S *>G$ ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO ) AN>*O-,BOL%EVISM1 BUT ! ACCUSATION WAS UNM]IT$1 GIV5 !IR S\NDLY ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC CONCEPTION ( ! REVOLUTION & ALSO !IR DAILY PRACTICE4 

,ALL ( !SE QUE/IONS W]E ! ORD] ( ! DAY 9 ! ACTIVI/ MEET+S :5 \R FRI5DS >RIV$ 9 ,LYON4 ,IT SEEM$ AS ?\< ! FUTURE ( ! REVOLUTION DEP5D$ ON ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! AN>*I/S4 ,DISCUSSIONS ( !SE PROBLEMS W]E P>TICUL>LY HEAT$1 9 P>T1 BECAUSE ( ! 9ACTIVITY IMPOS$ UPON !SE EXILES--:O W]E SO F> FROM ! SC5E ( ! ACTION--& ALSO DUE TO ! REPRESSION AGA9/ EXIL$ ,SPANI% AN>*I/S AFT] ! FAIL$ ATTACK ON ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I4 

,TO 5C\RAGE ACTIVITY AMONG ! EXIL$ ,SPANI>DS1 A GR\P ( AN>*I/S ADVANC$ ! IDEA ( CREAT+ ,C,N,T SECTIONS 9 ,FRANCE 9 ,APRIL #a#i#b#h4 ,BUT1 S9CE !SE ,C,N,T SECTIONS C\LD NOT UND]TAKE PUBLIC ACTION 9 ! C\NTRY1 !Y W\LD WORK ?R\< ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,CONF$]ATION G5]ALE DU TRAVAIL-SYNDICALI/E REVOLUTIONNAIRE 7,C,G,T-,S,R74 ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI BELIEV$ ?AT ?IS DI/ORT$ ! SUBV]SIVE POT5TIAL ( ! EXIL$ ,SPANI% AN>*I/S & >GU$1 FIR/ 9 ,LYON & LAT] AT A MEET+ 9 ,P>IS1 ?AT IT WAS A WAY ( DODG+ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T'S FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEMS4 ,!Y ASS]T$ ?AT !RE WAS NO JU/IFICATION = CREAT+ ,C,N,T SECTIONS 9 EXILE1 P>TICUL>LY BECAUSE !Y C\LDN'T MAKE DEM&S = SAL>Y 9CREASES OR UND]TAKE O!R ACTIVITIES ?AT MI<T IMPROVE WORK]S' CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,:AT WAS IMPORTANT1 !Y SAID1 WAS TO CONT9UE REVOLUTION>Y EF=TS ORI5T$ T[>D ,SPA91 :ILE ALSO WORK+ ) O!R EXIL$ AN>*I/S1 P>TICUL>LY ! ,ITALIANS4 ,:ILE ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO >TICULAT$ ?IS POSITION 9 ,LYON1 ,JOAQU9 ,CORTES >RIV$ 9 ,P>IS AFT] BE+ EXPELL$ FROM ,>G5T9A = S$ITI\S ACTIVITIES4 ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI W]E CLOSE TO ,CORTES1 & HAD BE5 ACTIVE 9 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T ) HIM :5 !Y W]E 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES4 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ & ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS HAD ALSO REC5TLY COME TO ,P>IS 7FROM ,SPA974 ,AFT] EX*ANG+ LETT]S ) ALL ( !M1 ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI DECID$ ?AT !Y %\LD TALK COLLECTIVELY & TRAVEL$ TO ,P>IS 9 ,JANU>Y #aibh = ?AT PURPOSE4 

,RIC>DO ,SANZ'S REPORTS FROM ,SPA9 W]E NOT V]Y 5C\RAG+4 ,PE/ANA & ,PEIRO HAD />T$ A DEBATE AB\T ! ,C,N,T'S FUTURE & ! AN>*I/ PRESS 7 ,ACCION ,SOCIAL ,OBR]A 9 ,SANT ,FELIU DE ,GUIXOLS .<,G]ONA.> & ,EL ,DESP]T> 9 ,VIGO7 OOZ$ ) ! EFFECTS ( ! POLEMIC4 ,EV]Y MEET+ SEEM$ TO REVOLVE EXCLUSIVELY >\ND ! TOPIC1 AS TWO CONFLICT$ T5D5CIES TOOK %APE & P>TISANS =GOT ?AT SU* DISPUTES HAD ALREADY DIVID$ ! ,VAL5CIA COMRADES4 ,TO TOP IT (F1 V>I\S POLITICAL FIGURES W]E ALSO LAUN*+ IDIOSYNCRATIC & FUTILE CONSPIRACIES AGA9/ ! REGIME4 

,CORTES TOLD !M ?AT ! CAMPAIGN = ,RAD[ITZKY WAS ! PRIORITY 9 ,>G5T9A4 ,! ,=,A WAS RECOV]+ FROM ITS OLD SPLITS & HOP$ TO BECOME ! PR9CIPLE WORK]S' ORGANIZATION 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,IT HAD >\ND #a1 MEMB]S1 AN EXTRAORD9>Y NUMB] GIV5 ?AT ! ,=,A FOCUS$ MORE ON SPREAD+ AN>*I/ IDEAS ?AN RECRUIT+4 ,BUT ,CORTES ALSO PO9T$ \T ?AT ! COMRADES !RE SEEM$ UNAW>E ( ! GR[+ ?REAT ( A FASCI/ C\P D'ETAT1 :I* C\LD LEAD TO A BLOODY CRACKD[N ON ! MOVEM5T4 ,UN=TUNATELY ,CORTES WAS PRESCI5T3 ON ,SEPTEMB] #f1 #a#i#c1 ,G5]AL ,URIBURU C>RI$ \T ! AUGUR$ C\P & VIOL5TLY SUPPRESS$ ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T & ITS LEAD+ CADRES4 ,HE WAS ESPECIALLY M]CILESS ) ! COMBATIVE AN>*I/S4 

,TO ALL ?IS1 ,CORTES SAID1 ONE CAN ADD ! CYCLE ( OP5 VIOL5CE ?AT ]UPT$ 9 ,>G5T9A AFT] ! EXECUTION ( ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI4 ,! VICI\S CONFLICTS BETWE5 ! AN>*I/S ( ACTION & ?OSE MORE 9CL9$ T[>D !ORY DID NOT PRESAGE ANY?+ GOOD4 ,! FIGURES ?AT POL>IZ$ ?IS DEBATE W]E DI ,GIOVANNI1 ?AT BLOND Y\? :O PUBLI%$ ,CULM9E1 & ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 :O ?\<T ALL 9SURRECTIONALI/S W]E NO?+ MORE ?AN 0AN>*O-B&ITS40 

,!RE WAS ALSO ANO!R MATT] ?AT BR\<T ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO TO ,P>IS3 A MEET+ CALL$ BY ! ,SPANI% SPEAK+ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE4 ,BRUNO ,C>R]AS HAD REPRES5T$ ?OSE EXIL$ 9 ,FRANCE AT ! ,C,N,T'S NATIONAL MEET+ 9 ,B>CELONA ?AT MON? & WAS S*$UL$ TO REPORT ON ! SITUATION 9 ,SPA94 

,C>R]AS SPOKE AB\T H[ DIFFICULT IT WAS = ! ,C,N,T TO HOLD ITSELF TOGE!R :ILE UND]GR\ND4 ,HE ALSO DISCUSS$ ! 0L9K0 BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! AN>*I/S1 :I* 5SUR$ ! ,C,N,T'S 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! /ATE & ! AN>*I/'S CONT9U$ 9FLU5CE 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 0,9 ,FRANCE10 ,C>R]AS SAID1 0WE REALLY DON'T HAVE ?AT PROBLEM1 BUT WE %\LD CREATE ,C,N,T SECTIONS4 ,TO /UDY ?IS QUE/ION1 ! ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,SPANI% SPEAK+ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE HAS CALL$ A MEET+ 9 ,LYON ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#i40 ,C>R]AS ASK$ ?OSE PRES5T 7APPROXIMATELY ?IRTY7 = A WRITT5 /ATEM5T PL$G+ ?AT !Y W\LD ATT5D ! GA!R+4 ,!RE WAS /RONG OPPOSITION TO ?IS PROPOSAL2 MANY DID NOT ?9K ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAD ANY ROLE TO PLAY 9 ,FRANCE4 ,C>R]AS'S PR9CIPAL >GUM5T WAS ?AT MANY ,SPANI>DS EXIL$ 9 ,FRANCE DID NOT WANT TO BE ACTIVE 9 ! AN>*I/ GR\PS BUT DID WANT TO WORK ) ,C,N,T2 ?AT SIZABLE GR\P C\LD ULTIMATELY BE RECRUIT$ 9TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,CORTES 9 A LIVELY WAY & !N ,ASCASO MORE CALMLY REFUT$ ,C>R]AS & L9$ UP ON ! SIDE ( ! OPPON5TS4 .<#a#i#f.> 

,! MEET+ ( AN>*I/ GR\PS TOOK PLACE 9 ,LYON AS ANN\NC$ &1 ACCORD+ TO ! SUMM>Y PUBLI%$ BY ,PRISMA MAGAZ9E1 !RE WAS A HE>TY DEBATE AB\T ! ROLE ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ,FRANCE4 ,WE CAN BE QUITE C]TA9 ?AT NEI!R ,DURRUTI NOR ,ASCASO P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! MEET+1 GIV5 ! POSITION ?AT !Y >TICULAT$ 9 ,P>IS 7& NONE ( ! GR\PS LI/$ 9 ! REPORT ( ! MEET+ HAD ANY CONNECTION ) !M74 

,POLICE >RE/$ ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI %ORTLY AFT]W>DS4 ,?IS TIME !RE WAS NO SC&AL4 ,!Y W]E S5T5C$ TO SIX MON?S 9 PRISON = 9FRACTIONS ( ! LAWS ON =EIGN]S4 ,!Y 5T]$ PRISON 9 ,APRIL #aibh & LEFT 9 E>LY ,OCTOB] ) ! SAME PROBLEM AS ALWAYS2 EXIL$ FROM BO? ,SPA9 & ,FRANCE & )\T ANY C\NTRY WILL+ TO GIVE !M AN 5TRANCE VISA4 .<#a#i#g.> 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b -- ,UPDAT$4 

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